Equibles

10-Q

UMB FINANCIAL CORP (UMBF)

10-Q 2021-10-28 For: 2021-09-30
View Original
Added on April 04, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission file number001-38481

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Missouri 43-0903811
(State or other jurisdiction of <br>incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer <br>Identification Number)
1010 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64106
--- ---
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code): (816) 860-7000

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value UMBF The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non- accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of October 22, 2021, UMB Financial Corporation had 48,358,797 shares of common stock outstanding.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 3
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 7
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 9
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 57
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 77
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 82
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION 83
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 83
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 83
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 83
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 84
SIGNATURES 85

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

December 31,
2020
(audited)
ASSETS
Loans 16,469,463 $ 16,103,651
Allowance for credit losses on loans (194,156 ) (215,973 )
Net loans 16,275,307 15,887,678
Loans held for sale 4,645 6,708
Securities:
Available for sale (amortized cost of 10,956,847 and 8,887,734, respectively) 11,162,690 9,299,688
Held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of 2,116 and 2,610, respectively (fair value of 1,064,816 and 1,029,444, respectively) 1,087,308 1,012,004
Trading securities 68,882 35,020
Other securities 274,645 296,053
Total securities 12,593,525 10,642,765
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,092,104 1,650,335
Interest-bearing due from banks 5,739,267 3,110,042
Cash and due from banks 426,843 430,638
Premises and equipment, net 273,378 293,095
Accrued income 122,798 139,892
Goodwill 174,518 180,867
Other intangibles, net 15,526 21,056
Other assets 836,374 764,428
Total assets 37,554,285 $ 33,127,504
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand 13,189,739 $ 9,879,970
Interest-bearing demand and savings 17,461,390 16,295,186
Time deposits under 250,000 415,068 477,748
Time deposits of 250,000 or more 169,613 398,347
Total deposits 31,235,810 27,051,251
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements 2,500,340 2,315,497
Long-term debt 271,049 269,595
Accrued expenses and taxes 249,567 319,676
Other liabilities 184,679 154,537
Total liabilities 34,441,445 30,110,556
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, 1.00 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; 55,056,730 shares issued, 48,355,373 and 48,006,386 shares outstanding, respectively 55,057 55,057
Capital surplus 1,102,818 1,090,450
Retained earnings 2,116,568 1,891,246
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net 164,307 318,340
Treasury stock, 6,701,357 and 7,050,344 shares, at cost, respectively (325,910 ) (338,145 )
Total shareholders' equity 3,112,840 3,016,948
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 37,554,285 $ 33,127,504

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
INTEREST INCOME
Loans $ 159,242 $ 142,441 $ 463,949 $ 433,471
Securities:
Taxable interest 33,307 26,393 90,249 79,475
Tax-exempt interest 24,458 25,377 74,165 74,393
Total securities income 57,765 51,770 164,414 153,868
Federal funds and resell agreements 2,389 2,248 7,762 9,273
Interest-bearing due from banks 1,699 299 3,235 3,360
Trading securities 231 259 579 1,225
Total interest income 221,326 197,017 639,939 601,197
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits 6,741 9,284 20,113 50,259
Federal funds and repurchase agreements 1,596 1,730 5,261 10,061
Other 3,224 1,619 9,614 4,323
Total interest expense 11,561 12,633 34,988 64,643
Net interest income 209,765 184,384 604,951 536,554
Provision for credit losses (5,000 ) 16,000 11,500 125,500
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 214,765 168,384 593,451 411,054
NONINTEREST INCOME
Trust and securities processing 56,914 50,552 165,611 143,873
Trading and investment banking 5,936 8,678 23,962 23,252
Service charges on deposit accounts 19,881 19,650 64,449 63,805
Insurance fees and commissions 285 259 950 1,051
Brokerage fees 2,899 4,819 8,825 20,432
Bankcard fees 17,198 15,295 47,934 44,756
Investment securities (losses) gains, net (3,510 ) (475 ) 3,609 7,624
Other 8,304 14,218 33,053 27,083
Total noninterest income 107,907 112,996 348,393 331,876
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits 124,986 124,194 373,082 366,192
Occupancy, net 12,207 12,027 36,438 35,618
Equipment 19,701 20,968 58,512 63,711
Supplies and services 3,379 3,442 10,340 11,412
Marketing and business development 4,863 3,038 12,005 10,962
Processing fees 16,562 12,812 48,480 39,805
Legal and consulting 7,646 7,244 21,548 19,574
Bankcard 4,795 4,834 14,280 14,243
Amortization of other intangible assets 1,110 1,524 3,647 4,916
Regulatory fees 3,186 2,309 8,501 7,886
Other 10,434 5,603 24,320 20,828
Total noninterest expense 208,869 197,995 611,153 595,147
Income before income taxes 113,803 83,385 330,691 147,783
Income tax expense 19,336 10,293 56,169 17,601
NET INCOME $ 94,467 $ 73,092 $ 274,522 $ 130,182
PER SHARE DATA
Net income – basic $ 1.96 $ 1.52 $ 5.69 $ 2.70
Net income – diluted 1.94 1.52 5.64 2.69
Dividends 0.37 0.31 1.01 0.93
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic 48,319,414 47,947,056 48,237,819 48,208,447
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted 48,742,883 48,068,438 48,658,290 48,352,145

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net income $ 94,467 $ 73,092 $ 274,522 $ 130,182
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax:
Unrealized gains and losses on debt securities:
Change in unrealized holding gains and losses, net (75,717 ) 20,975 (198,420 ) 269,976
Less:  Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1,058 ) (311 ) (5,078 ) (5,544 )
Change in unrealized gains and losses on debt securities during the period (76,775 ) 20,664 (203,498 ) 264,432
Unrealized gains and losses on derivative hedges:
Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivative hedges 432 (122 ) 3,513 19,015
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (831 ) (1,123 ) (2,550 ) (869 )
Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivative hedges (399 ) (1,245 ) 963 18,146
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax (77,174 ) 19,419 (202,535 ) 282,578
Income tax benefit (expense) 18,374 (4,578 ) 48,502 (66,655 )
Other comprehensive (loss) income (58,800 ) 14,841 (154,033 ) 215,923
Comprehensive income $ 35,667 $ 87,933 $ 120,489 $ 346,105

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(unaudited, dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Capital<br><br><br>Surplus Retained<br><br><br>Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury<br><br><br>Stock Total
Balance – July 1, 2020 55,057 $ 1,081,713 $ 1,692,289 $ 284,262 $ (335,926 ) $ 2,777,395
Total comprehensive income — — 73,092 14,841 — 87,933
Dividends (0.31 per share) — — (14,992 ) — — (14,992 )
Purchase of treasury stock — — — — (106 ) (106 )
Issuances of equity awards, net of forfeitures — (111 ) — — 126 15
Recognition of equity-based compensation — 3,725 — — — 3,725
Sale of treasury stock — 38 — — 110 148
Exercise of stock options — 10 — — 52 62
Balance – September 30, 2020 55,057 $ 1,085,375 $ 1,750,389 $ 299,103 $ (335,744 ) $ 2,854,180
Balance – July 1, 2021 55,057 $ 1,098,139 $ 2,040,134 $ 223,107 $ (326,193 ) $ 3,090,244
Total comprehensive income (loss) — — 94,467 (58,800 ) — 35,667
Dividends (0.37 per share) — — (18,033 ) — — (18,033 )
Purchase of treasury stock — — — — (181 ) (181 )
Issuances of equity awards, net of forfeitures — (252 ) — — 252 —
Recognition of equity-based compensation — 4,791 — — — 4,791
Sale of treasury stock — 75 — — 61 136
Exercise of stock options — 65 — — 151 216
Balance – September 30, 2021 55,057 $ 1,102,818 $ 2,116,568 $ 164,307 $ (325,910 ) $ 3,112,840

All values are in US Dollars.

Capital<br><br><br>Surplus Retained<br><br><br>Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury<br><br><br>Stock Total
Balance – January 1, 2020 55,057 $ 1,073,764 $ 1,672,438 $ 83,180 $ (277,999 ) $ 2,606,440
Cumulative effect adjustment (1) — — (7,039 ) — — (7,039 )
Adjusted balance - January 1, 2020 55,057 1,073,764 1,665,399 83,180 (277,999 ) 2,599,401
Total comprehensive income — — 130,182 215,923 — 346,105
Dividends (0.93 per share) — — (45,192 ) — — (45,192 )
Purchase of treasury stock — 615 — — (60,180 ) (59,565 )
Forfeitures of equity awards, net of issuances — 565 — — 43 608
Recognition of equity-based compensation — 9,834 — — — 9,834
Sale of treasury stock — 158 — — 311 469
Exercise of stock options — 439 — — 2,081 2,520
Balance – September 30, 2020 55,057 $ 1,085,375 $ 1,750,389 $ 299,103 $ (335,744 ) $ 2,854,180
Balance – January 1, 2021 55,057 $ 1,090,450 $ 1,891,246 $ 318,340 $ (338,145 ) $ 3,016,948
Total comprehensive income (loss) — — 274,522 (154,033 ) — 120,489
Dividends (1.01 per share) — — (49,200 ) — — (49,200 )
Purchase of treasury stock — — — — (4,269 ) (4,269 )
Issuances of equity awards, net of forfeitures — (4,374 ) — — 5,069 695
Recognition of equity-based compensation — 13,401 — — — 13,401
Sale of treasury stock — 223 — — 214 437
Exercise of stock options — 3,118 — — 11,221 14,339
Balance – September 30, 2021 55,057 $ 1,102,818 $ 2,116,568 $ 164,307 $ (325,910 ) $ 3,112,840

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Related to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13. See Note 3, “New Accounting Pronouncements,” for further detail.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021 2020
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income $ 274,522 $ 130,182
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 11,500 125,500
Net amortization of premiums and discounts from acquisition 390 53
Depreciation and amortization 41,736 46,448
Amortization of debt issuance costs 338 19
Deferred income tax benefit (3,403 ) (15,996 )
Net increase in trading securities and other earning assets (47,336 ) (3,536 )
Gains on investment securities, net (3,609 ) (7,624 )
Gains on sales of assets (2,605 ) (1,770 )
Amortization of securities premiums, net of discount accretion 42,014 31,613
Originations of loans held for sale (112,448 ) (74,414 )
Gains on sales of loans held for sale, net (4,294 ) (1,920 )
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 118,805 73,159
Equity-based compensation 14,096 10,442
Net tax benefit related to equity compensation plans 1,813 230
Changes in:
Accrued income 12,891 (8,066 )
Accrued expenses and taxes (60,986 ) 38,007
Other assets and liabilities, net 78,938 (127,172 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 362,362 215,155
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Securities held to maturity:
Maturities, calls and principal repayments 142,169 111,129
Purchases (216,979 ) (65,334 )
Securities available for sale:
Sales 295,546 257,151
Maturities, calls and principal repayments 1,336,507 2,042,636
Purchases (3,720,734 ) (3,322,717 )
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values:
Sales 72,801 —
Maturities, calls and principal repayments 2 —
Purchases (1,058 ) (6,597 )
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values:
Sales 14 —
Maturities, calls and principal repayments 2,501 7,719
Purchases (20,936 ) (5,979 )
Payment on low-income housing tax credit investment commitments (12,202 ) (7,238 )
Net increase in loans (408,476 ) (2,538,649 )
Net decrease in fed funds sold and resell agreements 558,231 477,032
Net cash activity from acquisitions and divestitures 18,431 24
Net decrease (increase) in interest-bearing balances due from other financial institutions 10,318 (5,817 )
Purchases of premises and equipment (20,703 ) (46,763 )
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment 1,666 8,497
Purchases of bank-owned and company-owned life insurance (100,000 ) (50,000 )
Proceeds from bank-owned and company-owned life insurance death benefit — 1,489
Net cash used in investing activities (2,062,902 ) (3,143,417 )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Net increase in demand and savings deposits 4,475,973 3,674,564
Net decrease in time deposits (291,414 ) (539,901 )
Net increase in fed funds purchased and repurchase agreements 184,843 32,496
Proceeds from short-term debt — 15,000
Proceeds from long-term debt — 200,000
Payment of debt issuance costs — (2,328 )
Cash dividends paid (48,816 ) (44,925 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and sales of treasury shares 14,776 2,989
Purchases of treasury stock (4,269 ) (59,565 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 4,331,093 3,278,330
Increase in cash and cash equivalents 2,630,553 350,068
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 3,497,566 1,669,170
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 6,128,119 $ 2,019,238
Supplemental disclosures:
Income tax payments $ 69,612 $ 33,318
Total interest payments 37,967 73,085
Noncash disclosures:
Acquisition of low-income housing tax credit investments $ 30,182 $ 47,172
Commitment to fund low-income housing tax credit investments 30,182 47,172

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 (UNAUDITED)

  1. Financial Statement Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of UMB Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) after the elimination of all intercompany transactions.  In the opinion of management of the Company, all adjustments relating to items that are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been made.  The results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented may not be indicative of the results of the full year ending December 31, 2021.  The financial statements should be read in conjunction with “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the Form 10-Q) and in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 1, 2021 (the Form 10-K).

The Company is a financial holding company, which offers a wide range of banking and other financial services to its customers through its branches and offices. The Company’s national bank, UMB Bank, National Association (the Bank), has its principal office in Missouri and also has branches in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. The Company also has offices in Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Indiana, Utah, Minnesota, California, Iowa, and Wisconsin.

  1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements.  These estimates and assumptions also impact reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  A summary of the significant accounting policies to assist the reader in understanding the financial presentation is provided in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Form 10-K.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes Cash and due from banks and amounts due from the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB).  Cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, and amounts due from correspondent banks are included in Cash and due from banks.  Amounts due from the FRB are interest-bearing for all periods presented and are included in the Interest-bearing due from banks line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

This table provides a summary of cash and cash equivalents as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30,
2021 2020
Due from the FRB $ 5,701,276 $ 1,578,579
Cash and due from banks 426,843 440,659
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 6,128,119 $ 2,019,238

Also included in the Interest-bearing due from banks, but not considered cash and cash equivalents, are interest-bearing accounts held at other financial institutions, which totaled $38.0 million and $35.1 million at September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

Per Share Data

Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period.  Diluted quarter-to-date net income per share includes the dilutive effect of 423,469

and 121,382 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, nonvested restricted shares, and nonvested restricted stock units granted by the Company and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Diluted year-to-date net income per share includes the dilutive effect of 420,471 and 143,698 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, nonvested restricted shares, and nonvested restricted stock units granted by the Company and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Certain options, restricted stock and restricted stock units issued under employee benefits plans were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.  For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no outstanding stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units excluded from the computation of diluted income per share.  Outstanding stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units of 534,275 and 418,910 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted income per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Derivatives

The Company records all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Currently, 13 of the Company’s derivatives are designated in qualifying hedging relationships. The remainder of the Company’s derivatives are not designated in qualifying hedging relationships, as the derivatives are not used to manage risks within the Company’s assets or liabilities. All changes in fair value of the Company’s non-designated derivatives and fair value hedges are recognized directly in earnings. Changes in fair value of the Company’s cash flow hedges are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and are reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings.

  1. New Accounting Pronouncements

Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”  In April and November 2019, the FASB issued implementation amendments to the June 2016 ASU (collectively, the amended guidance).  The amended guidance replaced the current incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses with a current expected credit loss (CECL) model, which requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The amended guidance broadened the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimates.  Additionally, the updates amended the accounting for credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination.  The amended guidance required enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of a company’s loan portfolio. The Company adopted the amended guidance on January 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach for adoption.  Upon adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets of $9.0 million as increase to the allowance for credit losses and $7.0 million as a reduction to retained earnings, net of deferred tax balances.  See Note 4, “Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses” for related disclosures.

  1. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loan Origination/Risk Management

The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to minimize the level of risk within the loan portfolio.  Diversification of the loan portfolio manages the risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions.  Authority levels are established for the extension of credit to ensure consistency throughout the Company.  It is necessary that policies, processes, and practices implemented to control the risks of individual

credit transactions and portfolio segments are sound and adhered to.  The Company maintains an independent loan review department that reviews and validates the risk assessment on a continual basis.  Management regularly evaluates the results of the loan reviews.  The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures.

Commercial and industrial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business.  Commercial loans are made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.  The cash flows of the borrower, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.  Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee.  In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts from its customers.

Specialty lending loans include Asset-based and Factoring loans. Asset-based loans are offered primarily in the form of revolving lines of credit to commercial borrowers that do not generally qualify for traditional bank financing.  Asset-based loans are underwritten based primarily upon the value of the collateral pledged to secure the loan, rather than on the borrower’s general financial condition.  The Company utilizes pre-loan due diligence techniques, monitoring disciplines, and loan management practices common within the asset-based lending industry to underwrite loans to these borrowers.  Factoring loans provide working capital through the purchase and/or financing of accounts receivable to borrowers in the transportation industry and to commercial borrowers that do not generally qualify for traditional bank financing.

Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans, in addition to those of real estate loans.  These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate.  Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan.  The Company requires that an appraisal of the collateral be made at origination and on an as-needed basis, in conformity with current market conditions and regulatory requirements.  The underwriting standards address both owner and non-owner-occupied real estate.  Also included in Commercial real estate are Construction loans that are underwritten using feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis or absorption and lease rates, and financial analysis of the developers and property owners.  Construction loans are based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project.  Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project.  Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained.  These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, economic conditions, and the availability of long-term financing.

Consumer real estate loans, including residential real estate and home equity loans, are underwritten based on the borrower’s loan-to-value percentage, collection remedies, and overall credit history.

Consumer loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s repayment ability.  The Company monitors delinquencies on all of its consumer loans and leases.  The underwriting and review practices combined with the relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, minimizes risk.  Consumer loans and leases that are 90 days past due or more are considered non-performing.

Credit cards include both commercial and consumer credit cards.  Commercial credit cards are generally unsecured and are underwritten with criteria similar to commercial loans, including an analysis of the borrower’s cash flow, available business capital, and overall creditworthiness of the borrower.  Consumer credit cards are underwritten based on the borrower’s repayment ability.  The Company monitors delinquencies on all of its consumer credit cards and periodically reviews the distribution of FICO scores relative to historical periods to monitor credit risk on its consumer credit card loans.

Credit risk is a potential loss resulting from nonpayment of either the primary or secondary exposure.  Credit risk is mitigated with formal risk management practices and a thorough initial credit-granting process including consistent underwriting standards and approval process.  Control factors or techniques to minimize credit risk include knowing the client, understanding total exposure, analyzing the client and debtor’s financial capacity, and monitoring the client’s activities.  Credit risk and portions of the portfolio risk are managed through concentration considerations, average risk ratings, and other aggregate characteristics.

Loan Aging Analysis

This table provides a summary of loan classes and an aging of past due loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
30-89<br><br><br>Days Past<br><br><br>Due and<br><br><br>Accruing Greater than<br><br><br>90 Days Past<br><br><br>Due and<br><br><br>Accruing Nonaccrual<br><br><br>Loans Total<br><br><br>Past Due Current Total Loans
Loans
Commercial and industrial $ 10,174 $ 1,281 $ 83,445 $ 94,900 $ 6,761,343 $ 6,856,243
Specialty lending — — 1,211 1,211 507,220 508,431
Commercial real estate 1,036 — 6,687 7,723 6,147,785 6,155,508
Consumer real estate 1,028 77 4,631 5,736 2,239,963 2,245,699
Consumer 2,729 42 62 2,833 112,672 115,505
Credit cards 1,591 919 500 3,010 390,083 393,093
Leases and other — — — — 194,984 194,984
Total loans $ 16,558 $ 2,319 $ 96,536 $ 115,413 $ 16,354,050 $ 16,469,463
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
30-89<br><br><br>Days Past<br><br><br>Due and<br><br><br>Accruing Greater than<br><br><br>90 Days Past<br><br><br>Due and<br><br><br>Accruing Nonaccrual<br><br><br>Loans Total<br><br><br>Past Due Current Total Loans
Loans
Commercial and industrial $ 4,652 $ 319 $ 33,769 $ 38,740 $ 7,023,334 $ 7,062,074
Specialty lending — — 19,437 19,437 491,863 511,300
Commercial real estate 2,351 225 28,386 30,962 5,877,972 5,908,934
Consumer real estate 524 — 5,345 5,869 1,939,625 1,945,494
Consumer 281 120 88 489 117,497 117,986
Credit cards 2,061 1,288 798 4,147 362,821 366,968
Leases and other — — — — 190,895 190,895
Total loans $ 9,869 $ 1,952 $ 87,823 $ 99,644 $ 16,004,007 $ 16,103,651

The Company sold consumer real estate loans with proceeds of $118.8 million and $73.2 million in the secondary market without recourse during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company has ceased the recognition of interest on loans with a carrying value of $96.5 million and $87.8 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  Restructured loans totaled $7.5 million and $10.8 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  Loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest amounted to $2.3 million and $2.0 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest

income.  There was an insignificant amount of interest reversed related to loans on nonaccrual during 2021.  Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses totaled $91.9 million and $42.1 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The following tables provide the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses by loan class at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Nonaccrual<br><br><br>Loans Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans with no related Allowance
Loans
Commercial and industrial $ 83,445 $ 79,971
Specialty lending 1,211 —
Commercial real estate 6,687 6,687
Consumer real estate 4,631 4,631
Consumer 62 62
Credit cards 500 500
Total loans $ 96,536 $ 91,851
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- ---
Nonaccrual<br><br><br>Loans Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans with no related Allowance
Loans
Commercial and industrial $ 33,769 $ 9,916
Specialty lending 19,437 242
Commercial real estate 28,386 25,733
Consumer real estate 5,345 5,345
Consumer 88 88
Credit cards 798 798
Total loans $ 87,823 $ 42,122

Amortized Cost

The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance of each of the Company’s loan classes disaggregated by collateral type and origination year as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Loan Segment<br><br><br>and Type Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
Commercial and industrial:
Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 2,057,294 $ 1,109,567 $ 400,896 $ 171,666 $ 140,122 $ 153,229 $ 2,676,909 $ 406 $ 6,710,089
Agriculture 7,198 6,478 3,755 731 657 1,210 121,099 10 141,138
Overdrafts — — — — — — 5,016 — 5,016
Total Commercial and industrial 2,064,492 1,116,045 404,651 172,397 140,779 154,439 2,803,024 416 6,856,243
Specialty lending:
Asset-based lending 10,245 52,950 — — — — 330,541 — 393,736
Factoring — — — — — — 114,695 — 114,695
Total Specialty lending 10,245 52,950 — — — — 445,236 — 508,431
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied 498,622 542,847 269,721 216,268 101,140 190,136 10,983 638 1,830,355
Non-owner-occupied 703,825 732,878 701,884 183,984 110,260 321,302 7,769 — 2,761,902
Farmland 58,698 279,047 36,083 17,411 22,356 36,841 33,345 — 483,781
5+ Multi-family 30,346 97,479 47,900 29,164 1,894 36,866 1,408 — 245,057
1-4 Family construction 36,871 10,054 16,215 — — — 470 — 63,610
General construction 267,695 268,200 93,248 68,419 30,169 303 35,670 7,099 770,803
Total Commercial real estate 1,596,057 1,930,505 1,165,051 515,246 265,819 585,448 89,645 7,737 6,155,508
Consumer real estate:
HELOC 439 501 339 592 722 7,105 327,965 6,185 343,848
First lien: 1-4 family 649,364 775,112 220,794 64,550 62,212 109,611 61 — 1,881,704
Junior lien: 1-4 family 5,902 6,619 4,017 1,338 851 1,405 15 — 20,147
Total Consumer real estate 655,705 782,232 225,150 66,480 63,785 118,121 328,041 6,185 2,245,699
Consumer:
Revolving line 735 — — — — — 66,695 3,323 70,753
Auto 8,978 9,244 6,391 1,530 693 314 — — 27,150
Other 3,819 1,959 2,126 1,624 2,404 812 4,858 — 17,602
Total Consumer 13,532 11,203 8,517 3,154 3,097 1,126 71,553 3,323 115,505
Credit cards:
Consumer — — — — — — 173,911 — 173,911
Commercial — — — — — — 219,182 — 219,182
Total Credit cards — — — — — — 393,093 — 393,093
Leases and other:
Leases — — 813 — 739 643 — — 2,195
Other 21,345 47,203 55,555 22,868 5,872 918 39,028 — 192,789
Total Leases and other 21,345 47,203 56,368 22,868 6,611 1,561 39,028 — 194,984
Total loans $ 4,361,376 $ 3,940,138 $ 1,859,737 $ 780,145 $ 480,091 $ 860,695 $ 4,169,620 $ 17,661 $ 16,469,463
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Loan Segment<br><br><br>and Type Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
Commercial and industrial:
Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 3,185,589 $ 684,488 $ 471,950 $ 185,167 $ 178,576 $ 69,599 $ 2,108,799 $ — $ 6,884,168
Agriculture 8,886 6,495 1,976 3,651 2,164 416 137,955 38 161,581
Overdrafts — — — — — — 16,325 — 16,325
Total Commercial and industrial 3,194,475 690,983 473,926 188,818 180,740 70,015 2,263,079 38 7,062,074
Specialty lending:
Asset-based lending 64,258 — — — — — 291,091 — 355,349
Factoring — — — — — — 155,951 — 155,951
Total Specialty lending 64,258 — — — — — 447,042 — 511,300
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied 579,212 334,098 233,192 170,913 120,603 176,377 18,880 51,910 1,685,185
Non-owner-occupied 846,030 630,457 230,549 169,193 333,215 115,753 49,384 97,954 2,472,535
Farmland 297,788 37,288 31,454 37,485 28,925 29,480 40,043 — 502,463
5+ Multi-family 190,922 80,293 2,835 32,498 39,802 6,298 2,418 94,789 449,855
1-4 Family construction 144 — — — — — 30,131 — 30,275
General construction 20,452 3,082 1,215 514 358 2,738 733,952 6,310 768,621
Total Commercial real estate 1,934,548 1,085,218 499,245 410,603 522,903 330,646 874,808 250,963 5,908,934
Consumer real estate:
HELOC 82,410 11,236 4,263 241 63 2,561 294,390 5 395,169
First lien: 1-4 family 896,676 304,017 83,429 87,927 78,458 75,408 2,579 — 1,528,494
Junior lien: 1-4 family 9,142 6,383 2,360 1,247 948 1,470 281 — 21,831
Total Consumer real estate 988,228 321,636 90,052 89,415 79,469 79,439 297,250 5 1,945,494
Consumer:
Revolving line — — — — — — 65,215 — 65,215
Auto 12,470 9,846 2,960 1,645 680 348 — — 27,949
Other 5,017 3,200 2,131 216 1,005 172 13,081 — 24,822
Total Consumer 17,487 13,046 5,091 1,861 1,685 520 78,296 — 117,986
Credit cards:
Consumer — — — — — — 188,681 — 188,681
Commercial — — — — — — 178,287 — 178,287
Total Credit cards — — — — — — 366,968 — 366,968
Leases and other:
Leases — 915 — 787 — 711 — — 2,413
Other 33,626 10,758 7,659 2,611 1,323 646 131,859 — 188,482
Total Leases and other 33,626 11,673 7,659 3,398 1,323 1,357 131,859 — 190,895
Total loans $ 6,232,622 $ 2,122,556 $ 1,075,973 $ 694,095 $ 786,120 $ 481,977 $ 4,459,302 $ 251,006 $ 16,103,651

Accrued interest on loans totaled $48.4 million and $58.8 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in the Accrued income line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The total amount of accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost basis of loans presented above.  Further, the Company has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable.

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grading of specified classes of loans, net charge-offs, non-performing loans, and general economic conditions.

The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a rating to each of its commercial, commercial real estate, and construction real estate loans. Changes in credit risk are monitored on a continuous basis and changes in risk ratings are made when identified.  The loan ratings are summarized into the following categories:  Non-watch list, Watch, Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful.  Any loan not classified in one of the categories described below is considered to be a Non-watch list loan.  A description of the general characteristics of the loan rating categories is as follows:

• Watch – This rating represents credit exposure that presents higher than average risk and warrants greater than routine attention by Company personnel due to conditions affecting the borrower, the borrower’s industry, or the economic environment.  These conditions have resulted in some degree of uncertainty that results in higher than average credit risk.  These loans are considered pass-rated credits.
• Special Mention – This rating reflects a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the borrower’s credit position at some future date.  The rating is not adversely classified and does not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
--- ---
• Substandard – This rating represents an asset inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  Loans in this category are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.  Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified as substandard.
--- ---
• Doubtful – This rating represents an asset that has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.  The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage of strengthening the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.  Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, liquidation procedures, capital injection, or perfecting liens.
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Commercial and industrial

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Commercial and industrial loans is included below:

Equipment, accounts receivable, and inventory General commercial and industrial loans are secured by working capital assets and non-real estate assets.  The general purpose of these loans is for financing capital expenditures and current operations for commercial and industrial entities.  These assets are short-term in nature.  In the case of accounts receivable and inventories, the repayment of debt is reliant upon converting assets into cash or through goods and services being sold and collected.  Collateral based-risk is due to aged short-term assets, which can be indicative of underlying issues with the borrower and lead to the value of the collateral being overstated.

Agriculture Agricultural loans are secured by non-real estate agricultural assets.  These include shorter-term assets such as equipment, crops, and livestock.  The risks associated with loans to finance crops or livestock include the borrower’s ability to successfully raise and market the commodity.  Adverse weather conditions and other natural perils can dramatically affect farmers’ or ranchers’ production and ability to service debt.  Volatile commodity prices present another significant risk for agriculture borrowers.  Market price volatility and production cost volatility can affect both revenues and expenses.

Overdrafts Commercial overdrafts are typically short-term and unsecured.  Some commercial borrowers tie their overdraft obligation to their line of credit, so any draw on the line of credit will satisfy the overdraft.

Based on the factors noted above for each type of collateral, the Company assigns risk ratings to borrowers based on their most recently assessed financial position.

The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory
Non-watch list – Pass $ 1,951,722 $ 1,019,686 $ 363,729 $ 156,312 $ 124,445 $ 152,159 $ 2,438,881 $ 406 $ 6,207,340
Watch – Pass 65,785 42,201 34,299 10,236 7,723 874 96,320 — 257,438
Special Mention 8,379 3,603 — 625 1,816 9 44,986 — 59,418
Substandard 31,408 11,702 2,868 1,019 1,281 187 63,073 — 111,538
Doubtful — 32,375 — 3,474 4,857 — 33,649 — 74,355
Total Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 2,057,294 $ 1,109,567 $ 400,896 $ 171,666 $ 140,122 $ 153,229 $ 2,676,909 $ 406 $ 6,710,089
Agriculture
Non-watch list – Pass $ 6,633 $ 5,708 $ 2,968 $ 303 $ 646 $ 1,188 $ 90,056 $ 10 $ 107,512
Watch – Pass 500 300 348 428 11 22 7,182 — 8,791
Special Mention — — 439 — — — 1,375 — 1,814
Substandard 65 470 — — — — 22,486 — 23,021
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Agriculture $ 7,198 $ 6,478 $ 3,755 $ 731 $ 657 $ 1,210 $ 121,099 $ 10 $ 141,138
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory
Non-watch list – Pass $ 2,975,305 $ 664,016 $ 439,460 $ 171,409 $ 165,321 $ 67,442 $ 1,948,261 $ — $ 6,431,214
Watch – Pass 89,746 10,400 9,309 5,126 11,044 1,592 70,768 — 197,985
Special Mention 53,334 9,788 15,524 1,898 2,158 — 8,485 — 91,187
Substandard 67,118 231 7,657 1,369 53 565 81,246 — 158,239
Doubtful 86 53 — 5,365 — — 39 — 5,543
Total Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 3,185,589 $ 684,488 $ 471,950 $ 185,167 $ 178,576 $ 69,599 $ 2,108,799 $ — $ 6,884,168
Agriculture
Non-watch list – Pass $ 7,880 $ 3,924 $ 1,389 $ 1,379 $ 1,759 $ 404 $ 92,917 $ 38 $ 109,690
Watch – Pass 179 2,571 188 102 345 — 17,956 — 21,341
Special Mention 303 — 399 22 — 12 6,674 — 7,410
Substandard 524 — — 2,148 60 — 20,408 — 23,140
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Agriculture $ 8,886 $ 6,495 $ 1,976 $ 3,651 $ 2,164 $ 416 $ 137,955 $ 38 $ 161,581

Specialty lending

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Specialty loans is included below:

Asset-based lending General asset-based loans are secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and real estate.  The purpose of these loans is for financing current operations for commercial customers.  The repayment of debt is reliant upon collection of the accounts receivable within 30 to 90 days or converting assets into cash or through goods and services being sold and collected.  The Company tracks each individual borrower credit risk based on their loan to collateral position.  Any borrower position where the underlying value of collateral is below the fair value of the loan is considered out-of-margin and inherently higher risk.

Factoring General factoring loans are secured by accounts receivable.  The purpose of these loans is for financing current operations for trucking or other commercial customers.  The repayment of debt is reliant upon collection of the accounts receivable within 30 to 90 days.  The Company tracks each individual borrower’s credit risk based on their loan to collateral position.  To assess credit risk, the portfolio is separated into two tiers and a specifically impaired category.  Tier 1 are loans that have not experienced collateral coverage rates falling below an internally tracked threshold at any time during their relationship history.  The internal threshold is lower than each customers’ actual contractual collateral coverage ratio.  Tier 2 are loans that have experienced collateral coverage rates falling below the same internally tracked threshold during their relationship history.  Loans individually evaluated are loans that have either experienced collateral coverage rates falling below an internally tracked threshold during their relationship history or have balances that are greater than an internally tracked threshold.  Individually evaluated loans utilize a practical expedient for the purpose of determining the expected credit loss. Collateral dependent assets are loans placed on non-accrual and loans considered to be TDRs.  The combination of these categories has created an associated allowance to this portfolio of $2.7 million and $0.6 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance by risk rating for asset-based loans as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Asset-based lending
Risk September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
In-margin $ 380,732 $ 331,360
Out-of-margin 13,004 23,989
Total $ 393,736 $ 355,349

The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance by risk rating for factoring loans as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Factoring
Risk September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Tier 1 $ 10,036 $ 10,774
Tier 2 69,733 135,861
Individually evaluated 33,715 7,755
Collateral dependent assets 1,211 1,561
Total $ 114,695 $ 155,951

Commercial real estate

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Commercial real estate loans is included below:

Owner-occupied Owner-occupied loans are secured by commercial real estate.  These loans are often longer tenured and susceptible to multiple economic cycles.  The loans rely on the owner-occupied operations to service debt which cover a broad spectrum of industries.  Real estate debt can carry a significant amount of leverage for a borrower to maintain.

Non-owner-occupied Non-owner-occupied loans are secured by commercial real estate.  These loans are often longer tenured and susceptible to multiple economic cycles.  The key element of risk in this type of lending is the cyclical nature of real estate markets.  Although national conditions affect the overall real estate industry, the effect of national conditions on local markets is equally important.  Factors such as unemployment rates, consumer demand, household formation, and the level of economic activity can vary widely from state to state and among metropolitan areas.  In addition to geographic considerations, markets can be defined by property type.  While all sectors are influenced by economic conditions, some sectors are more sensitive to certain economic factors than others.

Farmland Farmland loans are secured by real estate used for agricultural purposes such as crop and livestock production. Assets used as collateral are long-term assets that carry the ability to have longer amortizations and maturities.  Longer terms carry the risk of added susceptibility to market conditions. The limited purpose of some Agriculture-related collateral affects credit risk because such collateral may have limited or no other uses to support values when loan repayment problems emerge.

5+ Multi-family 5+ multi-family loans are secured by a multi-family residential property. The primary risks associated with this type of collateral are largely driven by economic conditions. The national and local market conditions can change with unemployment rates or competing supply of multi-family housing.   Tenants may not be able to afford their housing or have better options and this can result in increased vacancy.  Rents may need to be lowered to fill apartment units.  Increased vacancy and lower rental rates not only drive the borrower’s ability to repay debt but also contribute to how the collateral is valued.

1-4 Family construction 1-4 family construction loans are secured by 1-4 family residential real estate and are in the process of construction or improvements being made. The predominant risk inherent to this portfolio is the risk associated with a borrower’s ability to successfully complete a project on time and within budget. Market

conditions also play an important role in understanding the risk profile.  Risk from adverse changes in market conditions from the start of development to completion can result in deflated collateral values

General construction General construction loans are secured by commercial real estate in process of construction or improvements being made and their repayment is dependent on the collateral’s completion.  Construction lending presents unique risks not encountered in term financing of existing real estate. The predominant risk inherent to this portfolio is the risk associated with a borrower’s ability to successfully complete a project on time and within budget.  Commercial properties under construction are susceptible to market and economic conditions.  Demand from prospective customers may erode after construction begins because of a general economic slowdown or an increase in the supply of competing properties.

Based on the factors noted above for each type of collateral, the Company assigns risk ratings to borrowers based on their most recently assessed financial position.

The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
Owner-occupied
Non-watch list – Pass $ 498,332 $ 530,483 $ 251,374 $ 212,965 $ 97,369 $ 182,869 $ 10,883 $ 638 $ 1,784,913
Watch – Pass — 10,996 17,212 1,062 1,157 3,745 — — 34,172
Special Mention 98 1,334 — — — 991 — — 2,423
Substandard 192 34 1,135 2,241 2,614 2,531 100 — 8,847
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Owner-occupied $ 498,622 $ 542,847 $ 269,721 $ 216,268 $ 101,140 $ 190,136 $ 10,983 $ 638 $ 1,830,355
Non-owner-occupied
Non-watch list – Pass $ 657,172 $ 722,918 $ 607,828 $ 172,723 $ 104,929 $ 282,344 $ 7,769 $ — $ 2,555,683
Watch – Pass 46,653 1,294 42,625 11,261 5,331 2,623 — — 109,787
Special Mention — 8,666 24,921 — — 36,300 — — 69,887
Substandard — — 26,510 — — 35 — — 26,545
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Non-owner-occupied $ 703,825 $ 732,878 $ 701,884 $ 183,984 $ 110,260 $ 321,302 $ 7,769 $ — $ 2,761,902
Farmland
Non-watch list – Pass $ 37,740 $ 237,500 $ 28,028 $ 2,229 $ 21,456 $ 14,822 $ 22,091 $ — $ 363,866
Watch – Pass 6,130 24,411 6,802 15,167 218 20,382 8,999 — 82,109
Special Mention 195 356 297 — 682 687 257 — 2,474
Substandard 14,633 16,780 956 15 — 950 1,998 — 35,332
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Farmland $ 58,698 $ 279,047 $ 36,083 $ 17,411 $ 22,356 $ 36,841 $ 33,345 $ — $ 483,781
5+ Multi-family
Non-watch list – Pass $ 30,346 $ 97,479 $ 47,900 $ 29,164 $ 1,894 $ 36,866 $ 1,408 $ — $ 245,057
Watch – Pass — — — — — — — — —
Special Mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total 5+ Multi-family $ 30,346 $ 97,479 $ 47,900 $ 29,164 $ 1,894 $ 36,866 $ 1,408 $ — $ 245,057
1-4 Family construction
Non-watch list – Pass $ 36,871 $ 10,054 $ 16,215 $ — $ — $ — $ 470 $ — $ 63,610
Watch – Pass — — — — — — — — —
Special Mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total 1-4 Family construction $ 36,871 $ 10,054 $ 16,215 $ — $ — $ — $ 470 $ — $ 63,610
General construction
Non-watch list – Pass $ 267,695 $ 268,200 $ 91,549 $ 68,419 $ 30,169 $ 303 $ 35,670 $ 7,099 $ 769,104
Watch – Pass — — — — — — — — —
Special Mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — 1,614 — — — — — 1,614
Doubtful — — 85 — — — — — 85
Total General construction $ 267,695 $ 268,200 $ 93,248 $ 68,419 $ 30,169 $ 303 $ 35,670 $ 7,099 $ 770,803
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
Owner-occupied
Non-watch list – Pass $ 568,636 $ 327,579 $ 227,581 $ 141,758 $ 118,593 $ 163,292 $ 15,052 $ 51,910 $ 1,614,401
Watch – Pass 1,712 6,413 4,761 1,194 — 8,581 — — 22,661
Special Mention 1,424 — — — 1,588 — — — 3,012
Substandard 7,440 106 850 27,961 422 4,504 3,828 — 45,111
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Owner-occupied $ 579,212 $ 334,098 $ 233,192 $ 170,913 $ 120,603 $ 176,377 $ 18,880 $ 51,910 $ 1,685,185
Non-owner-occupied
Non-watch list – Pass $ 802,078 $ 525,246 $ 205,484 $ 156,290 $ 294,979 $ 101,616 $ 49,384 $ 81,499 $ 2,216,576
Watch – Pass 43,769 45,748 25,065 12,903 1,936 7,701 — 16,455 153,577
Special Mention 183 32,953 — — 36,300 5,100 — — 74,536
Substandard — 26,510 — — — 1,336 — — 27,846
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Non-owner-occupied $ 846,030 $ 630,457 $ 230,549 $ 169,193 $ 333,215 $ 115,753 $ 49,384 $ 97,954 $ 2,472,535
Farmland
Non-watch list – Pass $ 237,124 $ 27,815 $ 15,907 $ 26,071 $ 13,376 $ 8,924 $ 19,074 $ — $ 348,291
Watch – Pass 20,992 9,221 13,404 5,133 6,301 19,835 17,699 — 92,585
Special Mention — — 630 1,854 4,901 40 861 — 8,286
Substandard 39,672 252 1,513 4,427 4,347 681 2,409 — 53,301
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total Farmland $ 297,788 $ 37,288 $ 31,454 $ 37,485 $ 28,925 $ 29,480 $ 40,043 $ — $ 502,463
5+ Multi-family
Non-watch list – Pass $ 190,922 $ 77,846 $ 2,835 $ 31,173 $ 39,802 $ 6,298 $ 2,418 $ 94,789 $ 446,083
Watch – Pass — — — 1,325 — — — — 1,325
Special Mention — 2,447 — — — — — — 2,447
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total 5+ Multi-family $ 190,922 $ 80,293 $ 2,835 $ 32,498 $ 39,802 $ 6,298 $ 2,418 $ 94,789 $ 449,855
1-4 Family construction
Non-watch list – Pass $ 144 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 30,131 $ — $ 30,275
Watch – Pass — — — — — — — — —
Special Mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total 1-4 Family construction $ 144 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 30,131 $ — $ 30,275
General construction
Non-watch list – Pass $ 20,452 $ 2,996 $ 1,215 $ 514 $ 358 $ 2,738 $ 730,616 $ 6,310 $ 765,199
Watch – Pass — — — — — — — — —
Special Mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — 3,336 — 3,336
Doubtful — 86 — — — — — — 86
Total General construction $ 20,452 $ 3,082 $ 1,215 $ 514 $ 358 $ 2,738 $ 733,952 $ 6,310 $ 768,621

Consumer real estate

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Consumer real estate loans is included below:

HELOC HELOC loans are revolving lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential property. The primary risk is the borrower’s inability to repay debt.  Revolving notes are often associated with HELOCs that can be secured by real estate without a 1st lien priority.  Collateral is susceptible to market volatility impacting home values or economic downturns.

First lien: 1-4 family First lien 1-4 family loans are secured by a first lien on 1-4 family residential property. These term loans carry longer maturities and amortizations.  The longer tenure exposes the borrower to multiple economic cycles, coupled with longer amortizations that result in smaller principal reduction early in the life of the loan. Collateral is susceptible to market volatility impacting home values.

Junior lien: 1-4 family Junior lien 1-4 family loans are secured by a junior lien on 1-4 family residential property. The Company’s primary risk is the borrower’s inability to repay debt and not being in a first lien position. Collateral is susceptible to market volatility impacting home values or economic downturns.

A borrower is considered non-performing if the Company has ceased the recognition of interest and the loan is placed on non-accrual.  Charge-offs and borrower performance are tracked on a loan origination vintage basis. Certain vintages, based on their maturation cycle, could be at higher risk due to collateral-based risk factors.

The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
HELOC
Performing $ 439 $ 485 $ 199 $ 167 $ 454 $ 5,407 $ 327,863 $ 6,124 $ 341,138
Non-performing — 16 140 425 268 1,698 102 61 2,710
Total HELOC $ 439 $ 501 $ 339 $ 592 $ 722 $ 7,105 $ 327,965 $ 6,185 $ 343,848
First lien: 1-4 family
Performing $ 649,364 $ 775,040 $ 220,539 $ 64,398 $ 61,898 $ 108,563 $ 61 $ — $ 1,879,863
Non-performing — 72 255 152 314 1,048 — — 1,841
Total First lien: 1-4 family $ 649,364 $ 775,112 $ 220,794 $ 64,550 $ 62,212 $ 109,611 $ 61 $ — $ 1,881,704
Junior lien: 1-4 family
Performing $ 5,902 $ 6,619 $ 4,017 $ 1,329 $ 831 $ 1,355 $ 15 $ — $ 20,068
Non-performing — — — 9 20 50 — — 79
Total Junior lien: 1-4 family $ 5,902 $ 6,619 $ 4,017 $ 1,338 $ 851 $ 1,405 $ 15 $ — $ 20,147
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
HELOC
Performing $ 82,410 $ 11,209 $ 4,213 $ 241 $ 63 $ 2,518 $ 291,340 $ 5 $ 391,999
Non-performing — 27 50 — — 43 3,050 — 3,170
Total HELOC $ 82,410 $ 11,236 $ 4,263 $ 241 $ 63 $ 2,561 $ 294,390 $ 5 $ 395,169
First lien: 1-4 family
Performing $ 896,676 $ 303,810 $ 83,429 $ 87,637 $ 77,466 $ 74,849 $ 2,579 $ — $ 1,526,446
Non-performing — 207 — 290 992 559 — — 2,048
Total First lien: 1-4 family $ 896,676 $ 304,017 $ 83,429 $ 87,927 $ 78,458 $ 75,408 $ 2,579 $ — $ 1,528,494
Junior lien: 1-4 family
Performing $ 9,142 $ 6,374 $ 2,317 $ 1,225 $ 908 $ 1,456 $ 281 $ — $ 21,703
Non-performing — 9 43 22 40 14 — — 128
Total Junior lien: 1-4 family $ 9,142 $ 6,383 $ 2,360 $ 1,247 $ 948 $ 1,470 $ 281 $ — $ 21,831

Consumer

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Consumer loans is included below:

Revolving line Consumer Revolving lines of credit are secured by consumer assets other than real estate.  The primary risk associated with this collateral is related to market volatility and the value of the underlying financial assets.

Auto Direct consumer auto loans are secured by new and used consumer vehicles.  The primary risk with this collateral class is the rate at which the collateral depreciates.

Other This category includes Other consumer loans made to an individual.  The primary risk for this category is for those loans where the loan is unsecured.  This collateral type also includes other unsecured lending such as consumer overdrafts.

A borrower is considered non-performing if the Company has ceased the recognition of interest and the loan is placed on non-accrual.  Charge-offs and borrower performance are tracked on a loan origination vintage basis. Certain vintages, based on their maturation cycle, could be at higher risk due to collateral-based risk factors.

The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
Revolving line
Performing $ 735 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 66,695 $ 3,323 $ 70,753
Non-performing — — — — — — — — —
Total Revolving line $ 735 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 66,695 $ 3,323 $ 70,753
Auto
Performing $ 8,978 $ 9,244 $ 6,350 $ 1,530 $ 693 $ 314 $ — $ — $ 27,109
Non-performing — — 41 — — — — — 41
Total Auto $ 8,978 $ 9,244 $ 6,391 $ 1,530 $ 693 $ 314 $ — $ — $ 27,150
Other
Performing $ 3,819 $ 1,943 $ 2,126 $ 1,624 $ 2,404 $ 808 $ 4,858 $ — $ 17,582
Non-performing — 16 — — — 4 — — 20
Total Other $ 3,819 $ 1,959 $ 2,126 $ 1,624 $ 2,404 $ 812 $ 4,858 $ — $ 17,602
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Risk by Collateral Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
Revolving line
Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 65,215 $ — $ 65,215
Non-performing — — — — — — — — —
Total Revolving line $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 65,215 $ — $ 65,215
Auto
Performing $ 12,465 $ 9,784 $ 2,960 $ 1,645 $ 680 $ 347 $ — $ — $ 27,881
Non-performing 5 62 — — — 1 — — 68
Total Auto $ 12,470 $ 9,846 $ 2,960 $ 1,645 $ 680 $ 348 $ — $ — $ 27,949
Other
Performing $ 5,000 $ 3,200 $ 2,131 $ 214 $ 1,005 $ 172 $ 13,081 $ — $ 24,803
Non-performing 17 — — 2 — — — — 19
Total Other $ 5,017 $ 3,200 $ 2,131 $ 216 $ 1,005 $ 172 $ 13,081 $ — $ 24,822

Credit cards

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact Credit card loans is included below:

Consumer Consumer credit card loans are revolving loans made to individuals.  The primary risk associated with this collateral class is credit card debt is generally unsecured; therefore, repayment depends primarily on a borrower’s willingness and capacity to repay. The highly competitive environment for credit card lending provides consumers with ample opportunity to hold several credit cards from different issuers and to pay only minimum monthly payments on outstanding balances. In such an environment, borrowers may become over-extended and unable to repay, particularly in times of an economic downturn or a personal catastrophic event.

The consumer credit card portfolio is segmented by borrower payment activity.  Transactors are defined as accounts that pay off their balance by the end of each statement cycle.  Revolvers are defined as an account that carries a balance from statement cycle to the next.  These accounts incur monthly finance charges, and, sometimes, late fees.  Revolvers are inherently higher risk and are tracked by FICO score.

Commercial Commercial credit card loans are revolving loans made to small and commercial businesses.   The primary risk associated with this collateral class is credit card debt is generally unsecured; therefore, repayment depends primarily on a borrower’s willingness and capacity to repay. Borrowers may become over-extended and unable to repay, particularly in times of an economic downturn or a catastrophic event.

The commercial credit card portfolio is segmented by current and past due payment status.  A borrower is past due after 30 days.  In general, commercial credit card customers do not have incentive to hold a balance resulting in paying interest on credit card debt as commercial customers will typically have other debt obligations with lower interest rates in which they can utilize for capital.

The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance of consumer credit cards by risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Consumer
Risk September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Transactor accounts $ 51,855 $ 51,017
Revolver accounts (by FICO score):
Less than 600 5,505 7,230
600-619 1,866 2,950
620-639 3,790 5,493
640-659 7,738 9,497
660-679 9,515 15,541
680-699 11,405 19,345
700-719 14,165 18,048
720-739 14,368 16,288
740-759 13,552 13,944
760-779 13,163 9,493
780-799 12,533 7,088
800-819 9,016 5,513
820-839 4,391 4,570
840+ 1,049 2,664
Total $ 173,911 $ 188,681

The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance of commercial credit cards by risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Consumer
Risk September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Current $ 208,353 $ 170,412
Past Due 10,829 7,875
Total $ 219,182 $ 178,287

Leases and other

A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Leases and other loans is included below:

Leases Leases are either loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures or are loans related to all other direct financing and leveraged leases on property for leasing to lessees other than for household, family and other personal expenditure purposes.  All leases are secured by the lease between the lessor and the lessee. These assignments grant the creditor a security interest in the rent stream from any lease, an important source of cash to pay the note in case of the borrower’s default.

Other Other loans are loans that are obligations of states and political subdivisions in the U.S., loans to non-depository financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, or all other non-consumer loans.  Risk associated with other loans is tied to the underlying collateral by each type of loan.  Collateral is generally equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, 1-4 family residential construction and susceptible to the same risks mentioned with those collateral types previously.  Other risks consist of collateral that is secured by the stock of a non-depository financial institution, which can be unlisted stock with a limited market for the stock, or volatility of asset values driven by market performance.

Based on the factors noted above for each type of collateral, the Company assigns risk ratings to borrowers based on their most recently assessed financial position.

The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Leases Other
Risk September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Non-watch list – Pass $ 2,195 $ 2,413 $ 192,105 $ 187,924
Watch – Pass — — 684 350
Special Mention — — — —
Substandard — — — 208
Doubtful — — — —
Total $ 2,195 $ 2,413 $ 192,789 $ 188,482

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses (ACL) is a valuation account that is deducted from loans’ and held-to-maturity (HTM) securities’ amortized cost bases to present the net amount expected to be collected on the instrument.  Loans and HTM securities are charged off against the ACL when management believes the balance has become uncollectible.  Expected recoveries are included in the allowance and do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts.  Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses and is tracked over an economic cycle to capture a ‘through the cycle’ loss history.  Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in portfolio industry-based segmentation,

risk rating and FICO score changes, average prepayment rates, changes in environmental conditions, or other relevant factors.  For economic forecasts, the Company uses the Moody’s baseline scenario.  The Company has developed a dynamic reasonable and supportable forecast period that ranges from one to three years and changes based on economic conditions.  Due to current economic conditions, the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast period is one year.  After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to historical losses.  The reversion method applied to each portfolio can either be cliff or straight-line over four quarters.

The ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exists.  The ACL also incorporates qualitative factors which represent adjustments to historical credit loss experience for items such as concentrations of credit and results of internal loan review.  The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and measures the allowance for credit losses using the following methods.  The Company’s portfolio segmentation consists of Commercial and industrial, Specialty lending, Commercial real estate, Consumer real estate, Consumer, Credit cards, Leases and other, and Held-to-maturity securities.  Multiple modeling techniques are used to measure credit losses based on the portfolio.

The ACL for Commercial & industrial and Leases and other segments are measured using a probability of default and loss given default method.  Primary risk drivers within the segment are risk ratings of the individual loans along with changes of macro-economic variables such as interest rates and farm income.  The ACL for commercial & industrial loans is calculated by modeling probability of default (PD) over future periods multiplied by historical loss given default rates (LGD) multiplied by contractual exposure at default minus any estimated prepayments and charge offs.

Collateral positions for Specialty lending loans are continuously monitored by the Company and the borrower is required to continually adjust the amount of collateral securing the loan.  Credit losses are measured for any position where the amortized cost basis is greater than the fair value of the collateral.  The ACL for specialty lending loans is calculated by using a bottom up approach comparing collateral values to outstanding balances.

The ACL for the Commercial real estate segment is measured using a PD and LGD method.  Primary risk characteristics within the segment are risk ratings of the individual loans, along with changes of macro-economic variables, such as interest rates, CRE price index, median household income, construction activity, farm income, and vacancy rates.  The ACL for commercial real estate loans is calculated by modeling PD over future periods based on peer bank data. The PD loss rate is then multiplied by historical LGD multiplied by contractual exposure at default minus any estimated prepayments and charge offs.

The ACL for the Consumer real estate and Consumer segments are measured using an origination vintage loss rate method applied to the loans’ amortized cost balance.  The primary risk driver within the segments is year of origination along with changes of macro-economic variables such as unemployment and the home price index.

The Credit card segment contains both consumer and commercial credit cards.  The ACL for Consumer credit cards is measured using a PD and LGD method for Revolvers and average historical loss rates across a defined lookback period for Transactors.  The PD and LGD method used for Revolvers is similar in nature to the method used in the Commercial & industrial and Commercial real estate segments.  Primary risk drivers within the segment are FICO ratings of the individual card holders along with changes of macro-economic variables such as unemployment and retail sales.  The ACL for Commercial credit cards is measured using roll-rate loss rate method based on days past due.

The ACL for HTM securities segment is measured using a loss rate method based on historical bond rating transitions.  Primary risk drivers within the segment are bond ratings in the portfolio along with changes of macro-economic conditions.  For further discussion on these securities, including the aging and amortized cost balance of HTM securities, see Note 5, “Securities.”

See the credit quality indicators presented previously for a summary of current risk in the Company’s portfolio.  Changes in economic forecasts will affect all portfolio segments, updated financial records from borrowers will affect portfolio segments by risk rating, updated FICO scores will affect consumer credit cards, payment performance will affect consumer and commercial credit card portfolio segments, and updated bond credit

ratings will affect held-to-maturity securities.  The Company actively monitors all credit quality indicators for risk changes that will influence the current estimate.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for prepayments when appropriate.  The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) will be executed with an individual borrower or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancelable by the Company.

Credit card receivables do not have stated maturities.  In determining the estimated life of a credit card receivable, management first estimates the future cash flows expected to be received and then applies those expected future cash flows to the credit card balance.  Expected credit losses for credit cards are determined by estimating the amount and timing of principal payments expected to be received as payment for the balance outstanding as of the reporting period until the expected payments have been fully allocated.  The ACL is recorded for the excess of the balance outstanding as of the reporting period over the expected principal payments.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis.  Loans evaluated individually include loans on nonaccrual, loans classified as TDRs, or any loans specifically identified, and are excluded from the collective evaluation.  When it is determined that payment of interest or recovery of all principal is questionable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for undiscounted selling costs as appropriate.  All loans are classified as collateral dependent if placed on non-accrual or are considered to be a TDR.

A loan modification is considered a TDR when a concession has been granted to a debtor experiencing financial difficulties.  The allowance for credit loss on a TDR is measured using the discounted cash flow method.  When the value of a concession is measured using the discounted cash flow method, the allowance for credit loss is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows, including contractual payments and value of collateral at termination, at the original effective interest rate of the loan.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS

This table provides a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Commercial and industrial Specialty lending Commercial real estate Consumer real estate Consumer Credit cards Leases and other Total - Loans HTM Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 118,121 $ 5,901 $ 56,734 $ 5,807 $ 857 $ 11,743 $ 1,400 $ 200,563 $ 2,836 $ 203,399
Charge-offs (1,592 ) — (77 ) — (1,782 ) (1,617 ) — (5,068 ) — (5,068 )
Recoveries 1,165 3 213 16 83 461 — 1,941 — 1,941
Provision (12,559 ) 816 10,663 360 1,856 (4,265 ) (151 ) (3,280 ) (720 ) (4,000 )
Ending balance - ACL $ 105,135 $ 6,720 $ 67,533 $ 6,183 $ 1,014 $ 6,322 $ 1,249 $ 194,156 $ 2,116 $ 196,272
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures:
Beginning balance $ 2,344 $ 213 $ 326 $ 142 $ 208 $ — $ 264 $ 3,497 $ 91 $ 3,588
Provision (605 ) (53 ) 154 (36 ) (208 ) — (249 ) (997 ) (3 ) (1,000 )
Ending balance - ACL on off-balance sheet $ 1,739 $ 160 $ 480 $ 106 $ — $ — $ 15 $ 2,500 $ 88 $ 2,588
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial and industrial Specialty lending Commercial real estate Consumer real estate Consumer Credit cards Leases and other Total - Loans HTM Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 114,610 $ 929 $ 55,834 $ 5,952 $ 1,606 $ 19,585 $ 1,784 $ 200,300 $ 3,305 $ 203,605
Charge-offs (4,554 ) — (3,000 ) — (107 ) (1,823 ) — (9,484 ) — (9,484 )
Recoveries 3,923 — 6 9 56 379 — 4,373 — 4,373
Provision 5,880 2,654 6,194 1,644 857 (824 ) 94 16,499 (499 ) 16,000
Ending balance - ACL $ 119,859 $ 3,583 $ 59,034 $ 7,605 $ 2,412 $ 17,317 $ 1,878 $ 211,688 $ 2,806 $ 214,494
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures:
Beginning balance $ 5,417 $ 81 $ 403 $ 314 $ 33 $ — $ 173 $ 6,421 $ 57 $ 6,478
Provision — — — — — — — — — —
Ending balance - ACL on off-balance sheet $ 5,417 $ 81 $ 403 $ 314 $ 33 $ — $ 173 $ 6,421 $ 57 $ 6,478
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial and industrial Specialty lending Commercial real estate Consumer real estate Consumer Credit cards Leases and other Total - Loans HTM Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 122,700 $ 5,219 $ 61,931 $ 6,586 $ 1,480 $ 15,786 $ 2,271 $ 215,973 $ 2,610 $ 218,583
Charge-offs (6,311 ) (31,945 ) (77 ) (86 ) (2,030 ) (4,786 ) (8 ) (45,243 ) — (45,243 )
Recoveries 4,926 154 1,560 129 170 1,475 18 8,432 — 8,432
Provision (16,180 ) 33,292 4,119 (446 ) 1,394 (6,153 ) (1,032 ) 14,994 (494 ) 14,500
Ending balance - ACL $ 105,135 $ 6,720 $ 67,533 $ 6,183 $ 1,014 $ 6,322 $ 1,249 $ 194,156 $ 2,116 $ 196,272
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures:
Beginning balance $ 3,859 $ 287 $ 447 $ 145 $ 381 $ — $ 414 $ 5,533 $ 55 $ 5,588
Provision (2,120 ) (127 ) 33 (39 ) (381 ) — (399 ) (3,033 ) 33 (3,000 )
Ending balance - ACL on off-balance sheet $ 1,739 $ 160 $ 480 $ 106 $ — $ — $ 15 $ 2,500 $ 88 $ 2,588
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial and industrial Specialty lending Commercial real estate Consumer real estate Consumer Credit cards Leases and other Total - Loans HTM Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 63,313 $ 2,545 $ 15,951 $ 2,623 $ 543 $ 15,739 $ 1,074 $ 101,788 $ — $ 101,788
ASU 2016-13 adjustment 3,677 148 926 152 31 914 62 5,910 3,120 9,030
Charge-offs (6,990 ) — (11,920 ) (219 ) (513 ) (5,953 ) (11 ) (25,606 ) — (25,606 )
Recoveries 5,640 — 82 57 271 1,232 — 7,282 — 7,282
Provision 54,219 890 53,995 4,992 2,080 5,385 753 122,314 (314 ) 122,000
Ending balance - ACL $ 119,859 $ 3,583 $ 59,034 $ 7,605 $ 2,412 $ 17,317 $ 1,878 $ 211,688 $ 2,806 $ 214,494
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures:
Beginning balance $ 2,263 $ 53 $ 257 $ 102 $ 22 $ — $ 211 $ 2,908 $ 70 $ 2,978
Provision 3,154 28 146 212 11 — (38 ) 3,513 (13 ) 3,500
Ending balance - ACL on off-balance sheet $ 5,417 $ 81 $ 403 $ 314 $ 33 $ — $ 173 $ 6,421 $ 57 $ 6,478

The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded in the Accrued expenses and taxes line of the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 10 “Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees.”

Collateral Dependent Financial Assets

The following tables provide the amortized cost balance of financial assets considered collateral dependent as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Loan Segment and Type Amortized Cost of Collateral Dependent Assets Related Allowance for Credit Losses Amortized Cost of Collateral Dependent Assets with no related Allowance
Commercial and industrial:
Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 83,445 $ 3,474 $ 79,971
Agriculture — — —
Total Commercial and industrial 83,445 3,474 79,971
Specialty lending:
Asset-based lending — — —
Factoring 1,211 139 —
Total Specialty lending 1,211 139 —
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied 4,669 — 4,669
Non-owner-occupied — — —
Farmland 510 — 510
5+ Multi-family — — —
1-4 Family construction — — —
General construction 1,700 — 1,700
Total Commercial real estate 6,879 — 6,879
Consumer real estate:
HELOC 2,710 — 2,710
First lien: 1-4 family 1,842 — 1,842
Junior lien: 1-4 family 160 — 160
Total Consumer real estate 4,712 — 4,712
Consumer:
Revolving line — — —
Auto 42 — 42
Other 20 — 20
Total Consumer 62 — 62
Leases and other:
Leases — — —
Other — — —
Total Leases and other — — —
Total loans $ 96,309 $ 3,613 $ 91,624
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Loan Segment and Type Amortized Cost of Collateral Dependent Assets Related Allowance for Credit Losses Amortized Cost of Collateral Dependent Assets with no related Allowance
Commercial and industrial:
Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 29,684 $ 4,828 $ 5,830
Agriculture 4,086 — 4,086
Total Commercial and industrial 33,770 4,828 9,916
Specialty lending:
Asset-based lending 17,875 4,490 242
Factoring 1,561 173 —
Total Specialty lending 19,436 4,663 242
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied 16,539 — 16,539
Non-owner-occupied — — —
Farmland 8,625 — 8,625
5+ Multi-family — — —
1-4 Family construction — — —
General construction 3,423 582 770
Total Commercial real estate 28,587 582 25,934
Consumer real estate:
HELOC 3,170 — 3,170
First lien: 1-4 family 2,468 54 2,047
Junior lien: 1-4 family 212 — 212
Total Consumer real estate 5,850 54 5,429
Consumer:
Revolving line — — —
Auto 69 — 69
Other 19 — 19
Total Consumer 88 — 88
Leases and other:
Leases — — —
Other — — —
Total Leases and other — — —
Total loans $ 87,731 $ 10,127 $ 41,609

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan modification is considered a TDR when a concession has been granted to a debtor experiencing financial difficulties.  The Company’s modifications generally include interest rate adjustments, principal reductions, and amortization and maturity date extensions.  These modifications allow the debtor short-term cash relief to allow them to improve their financial condition.  The Company’s restructured loans are considered collateral dependent and evaluated as part of the allowance for credit loss as described above in the Allowance for Credit Losses section of this note.

The Company had no commitments to lend to borrowers with loan modifications classified as TDRs as of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  The Company monitors loan payments on an on-going basis to determine if a loan is considered to have a payment default.  Determination of payment default involves analyzing the economic conditions that exist for each customer and their ability to generate positive cash flows during the loan term.

For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, the Company had no new TDRs.  For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company had no new TDRs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company had one new residential real estate TDR with a pre- and post-modification loan balance of $441 thousand. For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had no TDRs for which there was a payment default within the 12 months following the restructure date.

  1. Securities

Securities Available for Sale

This table provides detailed information about securities available for sale at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021 Amortized<br><br><br>Cost Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Gains Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Fair<br><br><br>Value
U.S. Treasury $ 69,515 $ 515 $ (171 ) $ 69,859
U.S. Agencies 89,113 4,542 — 93,655
Mortgage-backed 7,309,736 126,649 (66,164 ) 7,370,221
State and political subdivisions 3,324,563 149,848 (12,508 ) 3,461,903
Corporates 163,920 3,345 (213 ) 167,052
Total $ 10,956,847 $ 284,899 $ (79,056 ) $ 11,162,690
December 31, 2020 Amortized<br><br><br>Cost Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Gains Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Fair<br><br><br>Value
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
U.S. Treasury $ 29,911 $ 829 $ — $ 30,740
U.S. Agencies 89,554 6,395 — 95,949
Mortgage-backed 5,266,394 202,944 (1,157 ) 5,468,181
State and political subdivisions 3,424,309 199,848 (538 ) 3,623,619
Corporates 77,566 3,649 (16 ) 81,199
Total $ 8,887,734 $ 413,665 $ (1,711 ) $ 9,299,688

The following table presents contractual maturity information for securities available for sale at September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

Amortized Fair
Cost Value
Due in 1 year or less $ 170,215 $ 171,325
Due after 1 year through 5 years 599,514 614,809
Due after 5 years through 10 years 771,983 795,782
Due after 10 years 2,105,399 2,210,553
Total 3,647,111 3,792,469
Mortgage-backed securities 7,309,736 7,370,221
Total securities available for sale $ 10,956,847 $ 11,162,690

Securities may be disposed of before contractual maturities due to sales by the Company or because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, proceeds from the sales of securities available for sale were $295.5 million compared to $257.2 million for the same period in 2020.

Securities available for sale with a fair value of $8.0 billion at September 30, 2021 and $7.8 billion at December 31, 2020 were pledged to secure U.S. Government deposits, other public deposits, certain trust deposits, derivative transactions, and repurchase agreements. Of these amounts, securities with a market value of $181.8 million and $371.5 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged at the Federal Reserve Discount Window but were unencumbered as of those dates.

Accrued interest on securities available for sale totaled $35.8 million and $42.6 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in the Accrued income line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The total amount of accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities presented above.  Further, the Company has elected not to measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable.

The following table shows the Company’s available-for-sale investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
September 30, 2021 Count Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Count Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Count Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses
Description of Securities
U.S. Treasury 4 $ 59,419 $ (171 ) — $ — $ — 4 $ 59,419 $ (171 )
U.S. Agencies — — — — — — — — —
Mortgage-backed 249 3,939,967 (64,932 ) 2 27,627 (1,232 ) 251 3,967,594 (66,164 )
State and political subdivisions 513 539,497 (10,792 ) 19 33,968 (1,716 ) 532 573,465 (12,508 )
Corporates 26 36,405 (213 ) — — — 26 36,405 (213 )
Total 792 $ 4,575,288 $ (76,108 ) 21 $ 61,595 $ (2,948 ) 813 $ 4,636,883 $ (79,056 )
Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31, 2020 Count Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Count Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Count Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses
Description of Securities
U.S. Treasury — $ — $ — — $ — $ — — $ — $ —
U.S. Agencies — — — — — — — — —
Mortgage-backed 16 174,234 (1,157 ) — — — 16 174,234 (1,157 )
State and political subdivisions 24 55,653 (279 ) 6 2,833 (259 ) 30 58,486 (538 )
Corporates 4 5,335 (16 ) — — — 4 5,335 (16 )
Total 44 $ 235,222 $ (1,452 ) 6 $ 2,833 $ (259 ) 50 $ 238,055 $ (1,711 )

The unrealized losses in the Company’s investments in U.S. Treasury securities, Government Sponsored Entity (GSE) mortgage-backed securities, State and political subdivisions, and Corporates were caused by changes in interest rates, and not from a decline in credit of the underlying issuers.  The U.S. Treasury, U.S. Agency, and GSE mortgage-backed securities are all considered to be agency-backed securities with no risk of loss as they are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The changes in fair value in the agency-backed portfolios are solely driven by change in interest rates caused by changing economic conditions. The Company has no knowledge of any underlying credit issues and the cash flows underlying the debt securities have not changed and are not expected to be impacted by changes in interest rates.

For the State and political subdivision portfolio, the majority of the Company’s holdings are in general obligation bonds, which have a very low historical default rate due to issuers generally having unlimited taxing authority to service the debt.  For both the State and political subdivision and Corporate portfolios, the Company has a robust process for monitoring credit risk, including both pre-purchase and ongoing post-purchase credit reviews and analysis.  The Company monitors credit ratings of all bond issuers in these segments and reviews available financial data, including market and sector trends.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was no ACL related to the Company’s available-for-sale securities as the decline in fair value did not result from credit issues.

Securities Held to Maturity

The following table shows the Company’s held-to-maturity investments’ amortized cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (in thousands):

Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
September 30, 2021 Cost Gains Losses Value
State and political subdivisions:
Due in 1 year or less $ 8,364 $ 370 $ (9 ) $ 8,725
Due after 1 year through 5 years 154,850 1,574 (300 ) 156,124
Due after 5 years through 10 years 501,529 4,117 (7,497 ) 498,149
Due after 10 years 424,681 1,882 (24,745 ) 401,818
Total state and political subdivisions $ 1,089,424 $ 7,943 $ (32,551 ) $ 1,064,816
Allowance for credit losses (2,116 )
Total state and political subdivisions, net of allowance for credit losses $ 1,087,308
Gross Gross
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
December 31, 2020 Cost Gains Losses Value
State and political subdivisions:
Due in 1 year or less $ 4,907 $ 29 $ — $ 4,936
Due after 1 year through 5 years 123,643 3,402 (144 ) 126,901
Due after 5 years through 10 years 423,759 12,845 (1,566 ) 435,038
Due after 10 years 462,305 13,447 (13,183 ) 462,569
Total state and political subdivisions $ 1,014,614 $ 29,723 $ (14,893 ) $ 1,029,444
Allowance for credit losses (2,610 )
Total state and political subdivisions, net of allowance for credit losses $ 1,012,004

Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

There were no sales of securities held to maturity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020.

The following table shows the Company’s held-to-maturity investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (in thousands):

Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
September 30, 2021 Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions $ 339,169 $ (8,130 ) $ 197,950 $ (24,421 ) $ 537,119 $ (32,551 )
Total $ 339,169 $ (8,130 ) $ 197,950 $ (24,421 ) $ 537,119 $ (32,551 )
Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31, 2020 Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses Fair Value Unrealized<br><br><br>Losses
State and political subdivisions $ 132,271 $ (4,591 ) $ 109,712 $ (10,302 ) $ 241,983 $ (14,893 )
Total $ 132,271 $ (4,591 ) $ 109,712 $ (10,302 ) $ 241,983 $ (14,893 )

The unrealized losses in the Company’s held to maturity portfolio were caused by changes in the interest rate environment.  The underlying bonds are evaluated for credit losses in conjunction with management’s estimate of the ACL based on credit rating.

The following tables show the amortized cost basis by credit rating of the Company’s held-to-maturity investments at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Amortized Cost Basis by Credit Rating - HTM Debt Securities
September 30, 2021 A BBB BB CCC-C Total
State and political subdivisions:
Competitive $ 383,194 $ 595,824 $ 21,203 $ 910 $ 1,001,131
Utilities 56,218 32,075 — — 88,293
Total state and political subdivisions $ 439,412 $ 627,899 $ 21,203 $ 910 $ 1,089,424
Amortized Cost Basis by Credit Rating - HTM Debt Securities
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31, 2020 A BBB BB CCC-C Total
State and political subdivisions:
Competitive $ 340,290 $ 558,786 $ 18,078 $ 8,135 $ 925,289
Utilities 56,232 33,093 — — 89,325
Total state and political subdivisions $ 396,522 $ 591,879 $ 18,078 $ 8,135 $ 1,014,614

Competitive held-to-maturity securities include not-for-profit enterprises that provide public functions such as housing, higher education or healthcare, but do so in a competitive environment. It also includes project financings that can have relatively high enterprise risk, such as deals backed by revenues from sports or convention facilities or start-up transportation ventures.

Utilities are public enterprises providing essential services with a monopoly or near-monopoly over the service area. This includes environmental utilities (water, sewer, solid waste), power utilities (electric distribution and generation, gas), and transportation utilities (airports, parking, toll roads, mass transit, ports).

All held-to-maturity securities were current and not past due at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Accrued interest on securities held to maturity totaled $6.3 million and $5.3 million as September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in the Accrued income line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The total amount of accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities presented above.  Further, the Company has elected not to measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable.

Trading Securities

There were net unrealized losses on trading securities of $154 thousand and net unrealized gains of $25 thousand at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  Net unrealized gains and losses are included in trading and

investment banking income on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Securities sold not yet purchased totaled $2.3 million and $2.2 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and are classified within the Other liabilities line of the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other Securities

The table below provides detailed information for Other securities at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
FRB and FHLB stock $ 36,222 $ 33,222
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 66,316 134,197
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values 172,107 128,634
Total $ 274,645 $ 296,053

Investment in FRB stock is based on the capital structure of the investing bank, and investment in FHLB stock is mainly tied to the level of borrowings from the FHLB. These holdings are carried at cost.  Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are generally traded on an exchange and market prices are readily available. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values include equity investments which are held by a subsidiary qualified as a Small Business Investment Company, as well as investments in low-income housing partnerships within the areas the Company serves.  As of December 31, 2020, equity securities without readily determinable fair values also included Prairie Capital Management (PCM) alternative investments in hedge funds and private equity funds, which are accounted for as equity-method investments.  During the first quarter of 2021, the Company sold its membership interests in PCM.  Unrealized gains or losses on equity securities with and without readily determine fair values are recognized in the Investment securities gains, net line of the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

Investment Securities Gains, Net

The table below presents the components of Investments securities (losses) gains, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Investment securities (losses) gains, net
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Gains realized on sales $ 1,060 $ 311 $ 5,080 $ 5,715
Losses realized on sales (2 ) — (2 ) (171 )
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values:
Fair value adjustments, net (4,427 ) 84 (9,607 ) 84
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values:
Fair value adjustments, net (141 ) (870 ) 8,138 1,996
Total investment securities (losses) gains, net $ (3,510 ) $ (475 ) $ 3,609 $ 7,624
  1. Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 by reportable segment are as follows (in thousands):

Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Total
Balances as of January 1, 2021 $ 59,419 $ 51,332 $ 70,116 $ 180,867
Sale of component of business segment — — (6,349 ) (6,349 )
Balances as of September 30, 2021 $ 59,419 $ 51,332 $ 63,767 $ 174,518
Balances as of January 1, 2020 $ 59,419 $ 51,332 $ 70,116 $ 180,867
Balances as of December 31, 2020 $ 59,419 $ 51,332 $ 70,116 $ 180,867

The following table lists the finite-lived intangible assets that continue to be subject to amortization as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2021
Core Deposit<br><br><br>Intangible<br><br><br>Assets Customer Relationships Total
Gross carrying amount $ 50,059 $ 71,167 $ 121,226
Accumulated amortization 49,445 56,255 105,700
Net carrying amount $ 614 $ 14,912 $ 15,526
As of December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Core Deposit<br><br><br>Intangible<br><br><br>Assets Customer Relationships Total
Gross carrying amount $ 50,059 $ 89,928 $ 139,987
Accumulated amortization 48,746 70,185 118,931
Net carrying amount $ 1,313 $ 19,743 $ 21,056

On March 31, 2021, the Company sold its membership interests in its Prairie Capital Management, LLC and UMB Merchant Banc, LLC subsidiaries, a component of its Personal Banking segment.  The sale included disposition of $6.3 million of goodwill and $1.9 million of net unamortized customer relationship intangibles.

The following table has the aggregate amortization expense recognized in each period (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Aggregate amortization expense $ 1,110 $ 1,524 $ 3,647 $ 4,916

The following table lists estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in future periods (in thousands):

For the three months ending December 31, 2021 $ 1,110
For the year ending December 31, 2022 3,920
For the year ending December 31, 2023 3,323
For the year ending December 31, 2024 2,704
For the year ending December 31, 2025 2,608
  1. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The Company enters into sales of securities with simultaneous agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements). The Company utilizes repurchase agreements to facilitate the needs of customers and to facilitate secured short-term funding needs. Repurchase agreements are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis and may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with the Company’s safekeeping agents.

The table below presents the remaining contractual maturities of repurchase agreements outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, in addition to the various types of marketable securities that have been pledged as collateral for these borrowings (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2021
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
Overnight 2-29 Days 30-90 Days Over 90 Days Total
Repurchase agreements, secured by:
U.S. Agencies $ 1,982,500 $ 270,917 $ 135,452 $ 750 $ 2,389,619
Total repurchase agreements $ 1,982,500 $ 270,917 $ 135,452 $ 750 $ 2,389,619
As of December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
2-29 Days 30-90 Days Over 90 Days Total
Repurchase agreements, secured by:
U.S. Treasury $ 2,440 $ — $ — $ 2,440
U.S. Agencies 1,757,119 489,302 1,000 2,247,421
Total repurchase agreements $ 1,759,559 $ 489,302 $ 1,000 $ 2,249,861

8.  Business Segment Reporting

The Company has strategically aligned its operations into the following three reportable segments:  Commercial Banking, Institutional Banking, and Personal Banking (collectively, the Business Segments, and each, a Business Segment).  The Company’s senior executive officers regularly evaluate the Business Segment financial results produced by the Company’s internal reporting system in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance for individual Business Segments.  For comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on methodologies in effect at September 30, 2021.  Previously reported results have been reclassified in this Form 10-Q to conform to the Company’s current organizational structure.

The following summaries provide information about the activities of each Business Segment:

Commercial Banking serves the commercial banking and treasury management needs of the Company’s small to middle-market businesses through a variety of products and services. Such services include commercial loans, commercial real estate financing, commercial credit cards, letters of credit, loan syndication services, and consultative services. In addition, the Company’s specialty lending group offers a variety of business solutions including asset-based lending, accounts receivable financing, mezzanine debt and minority equity investments.  Treasury management services include depository services, account reconciliation and cash management tools such as, accounts payable and receivable solutions, electronic funds transfer and automated payments, controlled disbursements, lockbox services and remote deposit capture services.

Institutional Banking is a combination of banking services, fund services, asset management services and healthcare services provided to institutional clients.  This segment also provides fixed income sales, trading and underwriting, corporate trust and escrow services, as well as institutional custody.  Institutional Banking includes UMB Fund Services, which provides fund administration and accounting, investor services and transfer agency, marketing and distribution, custody, and alternative investment services.  Healthcare services provides healthcare payment solutions including custodial services for health savings accounts (HSAs) and private label, multipurpose debit cards to insurance carriers, third-party administrators, software companies, employers, and financial institutions.

Personal Banking combines consumer banking and wealth management services offered to clients and delivered through personal relationships and the Company’s bank branches, ATM network and internet banking.  Products offered include deposit accounts, retail credit cards, installment loans, home equity lines of credit, residential mortgages, and small business loans.  The range of client services extends from a basic checking account to estate planning and trust services and includes private banking, brokerage services, and insurance services in addition to a full spectrum of investment advisory, trust, and custody services.

Business Segment Information

Business Segment financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Total
Net interest income $ 143,935 $ 21,203 $ 44,627 $ 209,765
Provision for credit losses (5,720 ) 172 548 (5,000 )
Noninterest income 16,523 65,551 25,833 107,907
Noninterest expense 74,359 73,354 61,156 208,869
Income before taxes 91,819 13,228 8,756 113,803
Income tax expense 15,601 2,248 1,487 19,336
Net income $ 76,218 $ 10,980 $ 7,269 $ 94,467
Average assets $ 15,766,000 $ 11,976,000 $ 8,131,000 $ 35,873,000
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Total
Net interest income $ 122,362 $ 23,375 $ 38,647 $ 184,384
Provision for credit losses 14,032 193 1,775 16,000
Noninterest income 22,464 62,688 27,844 112,996
Noninterest expense 65,175 69,667 63,153 197,995
Income before taxes 65,619 16,203 1,563 83,385
Income tax expense 8,100 2,000 193 10,293
Net income $ 57,519 $ 14,203 $ 1,370 $ 73,092
Average assets $ 12,957,000 $ 10,019,000 $ 6,505,000 $ 29,481,000
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Total
Net interest income $ 412,622 $ 64,599 $ 127,730 $ 604,951
Provision for credit losses 8,107 539 2,854 11,500
Noninterest income 60,294 202,718 85,381 348,393
Noninterest expense 209,144 217,211 184,798 611,153
Income before taxes 255,665 49,567 25,459 330,691
Income tax expense 43,427 8,419 4,323 56,169
Net income $ 212,238 $ 41,148 $ 21,136 $ 274,522
Average assets $ 14,987,000 $ 11,734,000 $ 7,681,000 $ 34,402,000
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Total
Net interest income $ 342,406 $ 84,534 $ 109,614 $ 536,554
Provision for credit losses 115,533 766 9,201 125,500
Noninterest income 57,782 191,128 82,966 331,876
Noninterest expense 186,341 215,073 193,733 595,147
Income (loss) before taxes 98,314 59,823 (10,354 ) 147,783
Income tax expense (benefit) 11,709 7,125 (1,233 ) 17,601
Net income (loss) $ 86,605 $ 52,698 $ (9,121 ) $ 130,182
Average assets $ 12,318,000 $ 9,572,000 $ 6,001,000 $ 27,891,000

9.  Revenue Recognition

The following is a description of the principal activities from which the Company generates revenue that are within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

Trust and securities processing – Trust and securities processing income consists of fees earned on personal and corporate trust accounts, custody of securities services, trust investments and wealth management services, and mutual fund and alternative asset servicing.  The performance obligations related to this revenue include items such as performing full bond trustee service administration, investment advisory services, custody and record-keeping services, and fund administrative and accounting services.  These fees are part of long-term contractual agreements and the performance obligations are satisfied upon completion of service and fees are generally a fixed flat monthly rate or based on a percentage of the account’s market value per the contract with the customer.  These fees are primarily recorded within the Company’s Institutional and Personal Banking segments.

Trading and investment banking – Trading and investment banking income consists of income earned related to the Company’s trading securities portfolio, including futures hedging, dividends, bond underwriting, and other securities incomes.  The vast majority of this revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 320, Debt and Equity Securities, and is out of the scope of ASC 606. A portion of trading and investment banking represents fees earned for management fees, commissions, and underwriting of corporate bond issuances.  The performance obligations related to these fees include reviewing the credit worthiness of the customer, ensuring appropriate regulatory approval and participating in due diligence.  The fees are fixed per the bond prospectus and the performance obligations are satisfied upon registration approval of the bonds by the applicable regulatory agencies.  Revenue is recognized at the point in time upon completion of service and when approval is granted by the regulators.

Service charges on deposits – Service charges on deposit accounts represent monthly analysis fees recognized for the services related to customer deposit accounts, including account maintenance and depository transactions processing fees.  Commercial Banking and Institutional Banking depository accounts charge fees in accordance with the customer’s pricing schedule while Personal Banking account holders are generally charged a flat service fee per month.  Deposit service charges for the healthcare accounts included in the Institutional Banking segment are priced

according to either standard pricing schedules with individual account holders or according to service agreements between the Company and employer groups or third party administrators.  The Company satisfies the performance obligation related to providing depository accounts monthly as transactions are processed and deposit service charge revenue is recorded monthly.

Insurance fees and commissions – Insurance fees and commissions includes all insurance-related fees earned, including commissions for individual life, variable life, group life, health, group health, fixed annuity, and variable annuity insurance contracts. The performance obligations related to these revenues primarily represent the placement of insurance policies with the insurance company partners.  The fees are based on the contracts with insurance company partners and the performance obligations are satisfied when the terms of the policy have been agreed to and the insurance policy becomes effective.

Brokerage fees – Brokerage fees represent income earned related to providing brokerage transaction services, including commissions on equity and commodity trades, and fees for investment management, advisory and administration.  The performance obligations related to transaction services are executing the specified trade and are priced according to the customer’s fee schedule.  Such income is recognized at a point in time as the trade occurs and the performance obligation is fulfilled.  The performance obligations related to investment management, advisory and administration include allocating customer assets across a wide range of mutual funds and other investments, on-going account monitoring and re-balancing of the portfolio.  These performance obligations are satisfied over time and the related revenue is calculated monthly based on the assets under management of each customer.  All material performance obligations are satisfied as of the end of each accounting period.

Bankcard fees – Bankcard fees primarily represent income earned from interchange revenue from MasterCard and Visa for the Company’s processing of debit, credit, HSA, and flexible spending account transactions.  Additionally, the Company earns income and incentives related to various referrals of customers to card programs.  The performance obligation for interchange revenue is the processing of each transaction through the Company’s access to the banking system.  This performance obligation is completed for each individual transaction and income is recognized per transaction in accordance with interchange rates established by MasterCard and Visa.  The performance obligations for various referral and incentive programs include either referring customers to certain card products or issuing exclusively branded cards for certain customer segments.  The pricing of these incentive and referral programs are in accordance with the agreement with the individual card partner.  These performance obligations are completed as the referrals are made or over a period of time when the Company is exclusively issuing branded cards.  For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had $8.6 million and $7.8 million of expense, respectively, recorded within the Bankcard fees line on the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements related to rebates and rewards programs that are outside of the scope of ASC 606. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had $25.4 million and $22.7 million of expense, respectively, related to these rebates and rewards programs. All material performance obligations are satisfied as of the end of each accounting period.

Investment securities gains, net – In the regular course of business, the Company recognizes gains on the sale of available-for-sale securities. Additionally, the Company recognizes gains and losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair values and equity securities without readily determinable fair values.  These gains and losses are recognized in accordance with ASC 321, Equity Securities, and are outside of the scope of ASC 606.

Other income – The Company recognizes other miscellaneous income through a variety of other revenue streams, the most material of which include letter of credit fees, certain loan origination fees, gains on the sale of assets, derivative income, and bank-owned and company-owned life insurance income.  These revenue streams are outside of the scope of ASC 606 and are recognized in accordance with the applicable U.S. GAAP.  The remainder of Other income is primarily earned through transactions with personal banking customers, including wire transfer service charges, stop payment charges, and fees for items like money orders and cashier’s checks.  The performance obligations of these types of fees are satisfied as transactions are completed and revenue is recognized upon transaction execution according to established fee schedules with the customers.

The Company had no material contract assets, contract liabilities, or remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2021.  Total receivables from revenue recognized under the scope of ASC 606 were $67.1 million and $62.1 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  These receivables are included as part of the Other assets line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table depicts the disaggregation of noninterest income according to revenue stream and Business Segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  As stated in Note 8, “Business Segment Reporting,” for comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on methodologies in effect at September 30, 2021 and previously reported results have been reclassified in this Form 10-Q to conform to the Company’s current organizational structure.

Disaggregated revenue is as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
NONINTEREST INCOME Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606 Total
Trust and securities processing $ — $ 42,697 $ 14,217 $ — $ 56,914
Trading and investment banking — 129 — 5,807 5,936
Service charges on deposit accounts 7,918 9,867 2,008 88 19,881
Insurance fees and commissions — — 285 — 285
Brokerage fees 16 851 2,032 — 2,899
Bankcard fees 15,132 4,727 5,702 (8,363 ) 17,198
Investment securities losses, net — — — (3,510 ) (3,510 )
Other 209 404 670 7,021 8,304
Total Noninterest income $ 23,275 $ 58,675 $ 24,914 $ 1,043 $ 107,907
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
NONINTEREST INCOME Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606 Total
Trust and securities processing $ — $ 34,188 $ 16,364 $ — $ 50,552
Trading and investment banking — 74 — 8,604 8,678
Service charges on deposit accounts 7,428 10,180 1,986 56 19,650
Insurance fees and commissions — — 259 — 259
Brokerage fees 67 2,775 1,977 — 4,819
Bankcard fees 12,954 4,706 5,213 (7,578 ) 15,295
Investment securities losses, net — — — (475 ) (475 )
Other 240 363 649 12,966 14,218
Total Noninterest income $ 20,689 $ 52,286 $ 26,448 $ 13,573 $ 112,996
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
NONINTEREST INCOME Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606 Total
Trust and securities processing $ — $ 120,300 $ 45,311 $ — $ 165,611
Trading and investment banking — 750 — 23,212 23,962
Service charges on deposit accounts 23,676 34,876 5,661 236 64,449
Insurance fees and commissions — — 950 — 950
Brokerage fees 90 2,843 5,892 — 8,825
Bankcard fees 41,829 14,310 16,584 (24,789 ) 47,934
Investment securities gains, net — — — 3,609 3,609
Other 636 1,219 1,985 29,213 33,053
Total Noninterest income $ 66,231 $ 174,298 $ 76,383 $ 31,481 $ 348,393
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
NONINTEREST INCOME Commercial Banking Institutional Banking Personal Banking Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606 Total
Trust and securities processing $ — $ 96,805 $ 47,068 $ — $ 143,873
Trading and investment banking — 753 — 22,499 23,252
Service charges on deposit accounts 21,211 36,249 6,197 148 63,805
Insurance fees and commissions — — 1,051 — 1,051
Brokerage fees 184 14,187 6,061 — 20,432
Bankcard fees 38,855 12,965 14,880 (21,944 ) 44,756
Investment securities gains, net — — — 7,624 7,624
Other 897 1,075 1,977 23,134 27,083
Total Noninterest income $ 61,147 $ 162,034 $ 77,234 $ 31,461 $ 331,876

10.  Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit, forward foreign exchange contracts and spot foreign exchange contracts.  These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The contractual or notional amount of those instruments reflects the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments. Many of the commitments expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total amount of these commitments does not necessarily represent the future cash requirements of the Company.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit is represented by the contract or notional amount of those instruments.  The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

The following table summarizes the Company’s off-balance sheet financial instruments (in thousands):

Contract or Notional Amount
September 30, December 31,
2021 2020
Commitments to extend credit for loans (excluding credit card loans) $ 9,856,218 $ 8,851,333
Commitments to extend credit under credit card loans 3,647,549 3,472,339
Commercial letters of credit 2,235 3,160
Standby letters of credit 356,957 346,617
Forward contracts 40,631 51,273
Spot foreign exchange contracts 2,043 680

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company.  The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life.  The estimate is based on expected utilization rates by portfolio segment.  Utilization rates are influenced by historical trends and current conditions.   The expected utilization rates are applied to the total commitment to determine the expected amount to be funded.  The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure is calculated by applying portfolio segment expected credit loss rates to the expected amount to be funded.

The following categories of off-balance sheet credit exposures have been identified:

Revolving Lines of Credit: includes commercial, construction, agriculture, personal, and home-equity. Risks inherent to revolving lines of credit often are related to the susceptibility of an individual or business experiencing unpredictable cash flow or financial troubles, thus leading to payment default. During these financial troubles, the borrower could have less than desirable assets collateralizing the revolving line of credit.  The financial strain the borrower is experiencing could lead to drawing against the line without the ability to pay the line down.

Non-Revolving Lines of Credit: includes commercial and personal.  Lines that do not carry a revolving feature are generally associated with a specific expenditure or project, such as to purchase equipment or the construction of real estate. The predominate risk associated with non-revolving lines is the diversion of funds for other expenditures.  If funds get diverted, the contributory value to collateral suffers.

Letters of Credit: includes standby letters of credit.  Generally, a standby letter of credit is established to provide assurance to the beneficiary that the applicant will perform certain obligations arising out of a separate transaction between the beneficiary and applicant. These obligations might be the performance of a service or delivery of a product.  If the obligations are not met, it gives the beneficiary, the right to draw on the letter of credit.

The ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.6 million and $5.6 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and was recorded in the Accrued expenses and taxes line of the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  A reduction of $1.0 million and $3.0 million of provision for off-balance sheet credit exposures was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. No provision for off-balance sheet credit exposures was recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Provision for off-balance sheet credit exposures of $3.5 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure is recorded in the Provision for credit losses line of the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

11.  Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions.  The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through

management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities.  Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.  The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loans and borrowings.  The Company also has interest rate derivatives that result from a service provided to certain qualifying customers and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk of the Company’s assets or liabilities. The Company has entered into an offsetting position for each of these derivative instruments with a matching instrument from another financial institution in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.  The Company’s derivative assets and derivative liabilities are located within Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Derivative fair values are determined using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows from each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and implied volatilities. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.  In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

This table provides a summary of the fair value of the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31,
Fair Value 2021 2020 2021 2020
Interest Rate Products:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 68,700 $ 103,506 $ 12,392 $ 9,375
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 1 48 1,468 —
Total $ 68,701 $ 103,554 $ 13,860 $ 9,375

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate assets and liabilities due to changes in the benchmark interest rate, London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR).  Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve making fixed rate payments to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.  As of September 30, 2021, the Company had 11 interest rate swaps that were designated as fair value hedges of interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed rate loan assets and municipal bond securities.  These swaps had an aggregate notional amount of $1.0 billion as of September 30, 2021.  As of December 31, 2020, the Company had one interest rate swap that was designated as a fair value hedge of interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed rate loan assets.  This swap had a notional amount of $5.0 million as of December 31, 2020.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objective in using interest rate derivatives is to manage its exposure to interest rate movements.  To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and floors as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.  Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.  As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had two interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk associated with the Company’s variable-rate subordinated debentures issued by Marquette Capital Trusts III and IV. These swaps had an aggregate notional amount of $51.5 million at both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.  Interest rate floors designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates fall below the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an upfront premium.  On August 28, 2020, the Company terminated an interest rate floor with a notional amount of $750.0 million.  At the date of termination, the interest rate floor had a net asset fair value of $34.1 million. The gross unrealized gain on the terminated interest rate floor remaining in AOCI was $13.5 million, or $10.2 million net of tax, and $17.0 million, or $12.9 million net of tax, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  The unrealized gain will be reclassified into Interest income as the underlying forecasted transactions impact earnings through the original maturity of the hedged forecasted transactions.  The total remaining term over which the unrealized gain will be reclassified into earnings is 2.9 years.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and is subsequently reclassified into interest expense and interest income in the period during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.  Amounts reported in AOCI related to interest rate swap derivatives will be reclassified to Interest expense as interest payments are received or paid on the Company’s derivatives.  Amounts reported in AOCI related to interest rate floor derivatives will be reclassified to Interest income as the underlying forecasted transactions impact earnings through the original maturity of the hedged forecasted transactions. The Company expects to reclassify $1.3 million from AOCI to Interest expense and $4.9 million from AOCI to Interest income during the next 12 months.  As of September 30, 2021, the Company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions over a maximum period of 15.0 years.

Non-designated Hedges

The remainder of the Company’s derivatives are not designated in qualifying hedging relationships.  Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain customers.  The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies.  Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.  As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.  The changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized in Other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.  As of September 30, 2021, the Company had 192 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $2.8 billion related to this program.  As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 176 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $2.5 billion.

Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

This table provides a summary of the amount of gain or loss recognized in Interest income and Other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized
For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30, September 30, September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Interest Rate Products
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 95 $ 10 $ 339 $ (233 )
Total $ 95 $ 10 $ 339 $ (233 )
Interest Rate Products
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Fair value adjustments on derivatives $ 2,370 $ 33 $ 2,745 $ (173 )
Fair value adjustments on hedged items (2,363 ) (32 ) (2,718 ) 173
Total $ 7 $ 1 $ 27 $ —

These tables provide a summary of the effect of hedges on AOCI in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income related to the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative Gain Recognized in OCI Included Component Gain Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Included Component Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Excluded Component
Interest rate floor $ — $ — $ — $ 1,175 $ 1,742 $ (567 )
Interest rate swaps 432 432 — (344 ) (344 ) —
Total $ 432 $ 432 $ — $ 831 $ 1,398 $ (567 )
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI Included Component Loss Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Included Component Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Excluded Component
Interest rate floor $ (1,231 ) $ (576 ) $ (655 ) $ 1,443 $ 2,059 $ (616 )
Interest rate swaps 1,109 1,109 — (320 ) (320 ) —
Total $ (122 ) $ 533 $ (655 ) $ 1,123 $ 1,739 $ (616 )
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative Gain Recognized in OCI Included Component Gain Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Included Component Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Excluded Component
Interest rate floor $ — $ — $ — $ 3,551 $ 5,234 $ (1,683 )
Interest rate swaps 3,513 3,513 — (1,001 ) (1,001 ) —
Total $ 3,513 $ 3,513 $ — $ 2,550 $ 4,233 $ (1,683 )
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component Loss Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Included Component Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Excluded Component
Interest rate floor $ 28,390 $ 34,917 $ (6,527 ) $ 1,578 $ 3,466 $ (1,888 )
Interest rate swaps (9,375 ) (9,375 ) — (709 ) (709 ) —
Total $ 19,015 $ 25,542 $ (6,527 ) $ 869 $ 2,757 $ (1,888 )

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

As of September 30, 2021, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest, related to these agreements was $6.0 million. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties. At September 30, 2021, the Company had posted $8.8 million of collateral. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at September 30, 2021, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value.

12.  Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value.

Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.  Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.  Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.  Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.  In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the hierarchy.  In such cases, the fair value is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2021
Description September 30, 2021 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
U.S. Treasury $ 25,086 $ 25,086 $ — $ —
U.S. Agencies 3,231 — 3,231 —
Mortgage-backed 303 — 303 —
State and political subdivisions 33,023 — 33,023 —
Corporates 6,792 6,792 — —
Trading – other 447 447 — —
Trading securities 68,882 32,325 36,557 —
U.S. Treasury 69,859 69,859 — —
U.S. Agencies 93,655 — 93,655 —
Mortgage-backed 7,370,221 — 7,370,221 —
State and political subdivisions 3,461,903 — 3,461,903 —
Corporates 167,052 167,052 — —
Available-for-sale securities 11,162,690 236,911 10,925,779 —
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 66,316 66,316 — —
Company-owned life insurance 66,218 — 66,218 —
Bank-owned life insurance 495,333 — 495,333 —
Derivatives 68,701 — 68,701 —
Total $ 11,928,140 $ 335,552 $ 11,592,588 $ —
Liabilities
Derivatives $ 13,860 $ — $ 13,860 $ —
Securities sold not yet purchased 2,328 — 2,328 —
Total $ 16,188 $ — $ 16,188 $ —
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Description December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
U.S. Treasury $ 651 $ 651 $ — $ —
U.S. Agencies 1,568 — 1,568 —
Mortgage-backed 4 — 4 —
State and political subdivisions 18,545 — 18,545 —
Corporates 711 711 — —
Trading – other 13,541 13,541 — —
Trading securities 35,020 14,903 20,117 —
U.S. Treasury 30,740 30,740 — —
U.S. Agencies 95,949 — 95,949 —
Mortgage-backed 5,468,181 — 5,468,181 —
State and political subdivisions 3,623,619 — 3,623,619 —
Corporates 81,199 81,199 — —
Available-for-sale securities 9,299,688 111,939 9,187,749 —
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 134,197 134,197 — —
Company-owned life insurance 63,575 — 63,575 —
Bank-owned life insurance 387,513 — 387,513 —
Derivatives 103,554 — 103,554 —
Total $ 10,023,547 $ 261,039 $ 9,762,508 $ —
Liabilities
Derivatives $ 9,375 $ — $ 9,375 $ —
Securities sold not yet purchased 2,177 — 2,177 —
Total $ 11,552 $ — $ 11,552 $ —

Valuation methods for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments measured on a recurring basis:

Trading Securities Fair values for trading securities (including financial futures), are based on quoted market prices where available.  If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar securities.

Available-for-Sale Securities Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes, if available.  If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.  Prices are provided by third-party pricing services and are based on observable market inputs. On an annual basis, the Company compares a sample of these prices to other independent sources for the same securities. Additionally, throughout the year, if securities are sold, comparisons are made between the pricing services prices and the market prices at which the securities were sold.  Variances are analyzed, and, if appropriate, additional research is conducted with the third-party pricing services. Based on this research, the pricing services may affirm or revise their quoted price. No significant adjustments have been made to the prices provided by the pricing services. The pricing services also provide documentation on an ongoing basis that includes reference data, inputs and methodology by asset class, which is reviewed to ensure that security placement within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values Fair values are based on quoted market prices.

Company-owned Life Insurance Fair value is equal to the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies.

Bank-owned Life Insurance Fair value is equal to the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies.

Derivatives Fair values are determined using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows from each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and implied volatilities. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.  In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

Securities sold not yet purchased Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes, if available.  If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.  Prices are provided by third-party pricing services and are based on observable market inputs.

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2021 Using
Description September 30, 2021 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Nine Months Ended September 30
Collateral dependent assets $ 53,435 $ — $ — $ 53,435 $ 4,499
Other real estate owned 1,050 — — 1,050 (810 )
Total $ 54,485 $ — $ — $ 54,485 $ 3,689
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2020 Using
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Description December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Losses Recognized During the Twelve Months Ended December 31
Collateral dependent assets $ 35,995 $ — $ — $ 35,995 $ (9,389 )
Other real estate owned 2,798 — — 2,798 (938 )
Total $ 38,793 $ — $ — $ 38,793 $ (10,327 )

Valuation methods for instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments measured on a non-recurring basis:

Collateral Dependent Assets Collateral dependent assets are assets evaluated as part of the ACL on an individual basis.  Those assets for which there is an associated allowance are considered financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.  Adjustments are recorded on certain assets to reflect write-downs that are based on the external appraised value of the underlying collateral.  The external appraisals are generally based on recent sales of comparable properties which are then adjusted for the unique characteristics of the property being valued.  In the case of non-real estate collateral, reliance is placed on a variety of sources, including external estimates of

value and judgments based on the experience and expertise of internal specialists within the Company’s property management group and the Company’s credit department. The valuations of the collateral dependent assets are reviewed on a quarterly basis.  Because many of these inputs are not observable, the measurements are classified as Level 3.

Other real estate owned Other real estate owned consists of loan collateral which has been repossessed through foreclosure. This collateral is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other non-real estate property, including auto, recreational and marine vehicles. Other real estate owned is recorded as held for sale initially at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs.  The initial valuation of the foreclosed property is obtained through an appraisal process similar to the process described in the impaired loans paragraph above. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are reviewed quarterly and updated periodically, and the assets may be marked down further, reflecting a new cost basis. Fair value measurements may be based upon appraisals, third-party price opinions, or internally developed pricing methods and those measurements are classified as Level 3.

Fair value disclosures require disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2021 Using
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant<br><br><br>Unobservable<br><br><br>Inputs<br><br><br>(Level 3) Total<br><br><br>Estimated<br><br><br>Fair Value
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and short-term investments $ 7,258,214 $ 6,166,110 $ 1,092,104 $ — $ 7,258,214
Securities available for sale 11,162,690 236,911 10,925,779 — 11,162,690
Securities held to maturity (exclusive of allowance for credit losses) 1,089,424 — 1,064,816 — 1,064,816
Trading securities 68,882 32,325 36,557 — 68,882
Other securities 274,645 66,316 208,329 — 274,645
Loans (exclusive of allowance for credit losses) 16,474,108 — 16,682,840 — 16,682,840
Derivatives 68,701 — 68,701 — 68,701
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Demand and savings deposits 30,651,129 30,651,129 — — 30,651,129
Time deposits 584,681 — 584,681 — 584,681
Other borrowings 2,500,340 110,722 2,389,618 — 2,500,340
Long-term debt 271,049 — 290,064 — 290,064
Derivatives 13,860 — 13,860 — 13,860
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Commitments to extend credit for loans 5,652
Commercial letters of credit 166
Standby letters of credit 2,659
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2020 Using
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant<br><br><br>Unobservable<br><br><br>Inputs<br><br><br>(Level 3) Total<br><br><br>Estimated<br><br><br>Fair Value
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and short-term investments $ 5,191,015 $ 3,540,680 $ 1,650,335 $ — $ 5,191,015
Securities available for sale 9,299,688 111,939 9,187,749 — 9,299,688
Securities held to maturity (exclusive of allowance for credit losses) 1,014,614 — 1,029,444 — 1,029,444
Trading securities 35,020 14,903 20,117 — 35,020
Other securities 296,053 134,197 161,856 — 296,053
Loans (exclusive of allowance for credit losses) 16,110,359 — 16,413,132 — 16,413,132
Derivatives 103,554 — 103,554 — 103,554
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Demand and savings deposits 26,175,156 26,175,156 — — 26,175,156
Time deposits 876,095 — 879,841 — 879,841
Other borrowings 2,315,497 65,636 2,249,861 — 2,315,497
Long-term debt 269,595 — 299,858 — 299,858
Derivatives 9,375 — 9,375 — 9,375
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Commitments to extend credit for loans 6,405
Commercial letters of credit 150
Standby letters of credit 3,365

Cash and short-term investments The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and resell agreements are reasonable estimates of their fair values.

Securities held to maturity Fair value of held-to-maturity securities are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current market rates.

Other securities Amount consists of FRB and FHLB stock held by the Company, equity securities with readily determinable fair values, and equity securities without readily determinable fair values, including equity-method investments and other miscellaneous investments.  The carrying amount of the FRB and FHLB stock equals its fair value because the shares can only be redeemed by the FRB and FHLB at their carrying amount. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.  Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.  As of December 31, 2020, equity securities without readily determinable fair values also included PCM equity-method investments, for which the Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss was recognized on a one-quarter lag based on the valuation of the underlying investment(s).

Loans Fair values are estimated for portfolios with similar financial characteristics.  Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate, consumer, and credit card.  Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and variable interest rate categories.  The fair value of loans are estimated by discounting the future cash flows. The discount rates used are estimated using comparable market rates for similar types of instruments adjusted to be commensurate with the credit risk, overhead costs, and optionality of such instruments.

Demand and savings deposits The fair value of demand deposits and savings accounts is the amount payable on demand at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Time deposits The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates that are currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Other borrowings The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other short-term debt are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short-term nature of their maturities. Federal funds purchased are classified as Level 1 based on availability of quoted market prices and repurchase agreements and other short-term debt are classified as Level 2.

Long-term debt Rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate fair value of existing debt.

Other off-balance sheet instruments The fair value of loan commitments and letters of credit are determined based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreement and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties.  Neither the fees earned during the year on these instruments nor their fair value at period-end are significant to the Company’s consolidated financial position.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations highlights the material changes in the results of operations and changes in financial condition of the Company for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021.  It should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and the Form 10-K. Results of operations for the periods included in this review are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained during any future period.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time the Company has made, and in the future will make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “target,” “trend,” “plan,” “goal,” or other words of comparable meaning or future-tense or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” or “could.” Forward-looking statements convey the Company’s expectations, intentions, or forecasts about future events, circumstances, results, or aspirations, in each case as of the date such forward-looking statements are made.

This Form 10-Q, including any information incorporated by reference in this Form 10-Q, contains forward-looking statements. The Company also may make forward-looking statements in other documents that are filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Company may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to investors, analysts, members of the media, or others.

All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, which may change over time and many of which are beyond the Company’s control. You should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a prediction or guarantee about the future.  Actual future objectives, strategies, plans, prospects, performance, conditions, or results may differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statement. While no list of assumptions, risks, or uncertainties could be complete, some of the factors that may cause actual results or other future events, circumstances, or aspirations to differ from those in forward-looking statements include:

• local, regional, national, or international business, economic, or political conditions or events;
• changes in laws or the regulatory environment, including as a result of financial-services legislation or regulation;
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• changes in monetary, fiscal, or trade laws or policies, including as a result of actions by central banks or supranational authorities;
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• changes in accounting standards or policies;
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• shifts in investor sentiment or behavior in the securities, capital, or other financial markets, including changes in market liquidity or volatility or changes in interest or currency rates;
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• changes in spending, borrowing, or saving by businesses or households;
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• the Company’s ability to effectively manage capital or liquidity or to effectively attract or deploy deposits;
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• changes in any credit rating assigned to the Company or its affiliates;
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• adverse publicity or other reputational harm to the Company;
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• changes in the Company’s corporate strategies, the composition of its assets, or the way in which it funds those assets;
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• the Company’s ability to develop, maintain, or market products or services or to absorb unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with those products or services;
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• the Company’s ability to innovate to anticipate the needs of current or future customers, to successfully compete in its chosen business lines, to increase or hold market share in changing competitive environments, or to deal with pricing or other competitive pressures;
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• changes in the credit, liquidity, or other condition of the Company’s customers, counterparties, or competitors;
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• the Company’s ability to effectively deal with economic, business, or market slowdowns or disruptions;
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• judicial, regulatory, or administrative investigations, proceedings, disputes, or rulings that create uncertainty for, or are adverse to, the Company or the financial-services industry;
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• the Company’s ability to address changing or stricter regulatory or other governmental supervision or requirements;
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• the Company’s ability to maintain secure and functional financial, accounting, technology, data processing, or other operating systems or facilities, including its capacity to withstand cyber-attacks;
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• the adequacy of the Company’s corporate governance, risk-management framework, compliance programs, or internal controls, including its ability to control lapses or deficiencies in financial reporting or to effectively mitigate or manage operational risk;
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• the efficacy of the Company’s methods or models in assessing business strategies or opportunities or in valuing, measuring, monitoring, or managing positions or risk;
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• the Company’s ability to keep pace with changes in technology that affect the Company or its customers, counterparties, or competitors;
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• mergers, acquisitions, or dispositions, including the Company’s ability to integrate acquisitions and divest assets;
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• the adequacy of the Company’s succession planning for key executives or other personnel;
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• the Company’s ability to grow revenue, control expenses, or attract and retain qualified employees;
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• natural disasters, war, terrorist activities, pandemics, or the outbreak of COVID-19 or similar outbreaks, and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates;
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• adverse effects due to COVID-19 on the Company and its customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers, and the adverse impacts to the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, and prospects; or
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• other assumptions, risks, or uncertainties described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Item 1) and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 2) in this Form 10-Q, in the Risk Factors (Item 1A) in the Form 10-K, or in any of the Company’s quarterly or current reports.
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Any forward-looking statement made by the Company or on its behalf speaks only as of the date that it was made. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of events, circumstances, or results that arise after the date that the statement was made, except as required by applicable securities laws. You, however, should consult further disclosures (including disclosures of a forward-looking nature) that the Company may make in any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Current Report on Form 8-K.

Overview

During the first quarter of 2020, the global economy began experiencing a downturn related to the impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic (the COVID-19 pandemic, or the pandemic).  Such impacts have included significant volatility in the global stock and fixed income markets, a 150-basis-point reduction in the target federal funds rate, the enactment of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the American

Rescue Plan Act of 2021, both including the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) administered by the Small Business Administration, and a variety of rulings from the Company’s banking regulators.

The Company continues to actively monitor developments related to COVID-19 and its impact to its business, customers, employees, counterparties, vendors, and service providers. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company’s results of operations included continued maintenance of the ACL at a level appropriate given the state of key macroeconomic variables utilized in the econometric models at September 30, 2021.  Additionally, the Company continued to see impacts of the volatile equity and debt markets and low interest rate environment in its fee-based businesses.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company formed a Pandemic Taskforce and a steering group comprised of associates across multiple lines of business and support functions and has taken several actions to offer various forms of support to our customers, employees, and communities that have experienced impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company has also increased purchases of computer hardware to support a remote workforce, as well as incurred additional cleaning and janitorial expense to disinfect branch and office locations.  The Company has actively worked with customers impacted by the economic downturn by offering payment deferrals and other loan modifications.  See further details under “Credit Risk Management” within “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

The COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home and similar mandates have also necessitated certain actions related to the way the Company operates its business. The Company transitioned most of its workforce off-site or to work-from-home to help mitigate health risks and is currently moving forward with plans to bring associates back in the office in a phased approach during the first half of 2022. The Company is also carefully monitoring the activities of its vendors and other third-party service providers to mitigate the risks associated with any potential service disruptions.

The Company has detailed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in each applicable section of “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included below.

The Company focuses on the following four core financial objectives.  Management believes these objectives will guide its efforts to achieve its vision, to deliver the Unparalleled Customer Experience, all while seeking to improve net income and strengthen the balance sheet while undertaking prudent risk management.

The first financial objective is to continuously improve operating efficiencies. The Company has focused on identifying efficiencies that simplify our organizational and reporting structures, streamline back office functions, and take advantage of synergies and newer technologies among various platforms and distribution networks.  The Company has identified and expects to continue identifying ongoing efficiencies through the normal course of business that, when combined with increased revenue, will contribute to improved operating leverage.  During the third quarter of 2021, total revenue increased $20.3 million, or 6.8%, as compared to the third quarter of 2020, while noninterest expense increased $10.9 million, or 5.5%, for the same period.  As part of the initiative to improve operating efficiencies, the Company continues to invest in technological advances that it believes will help management drive operating leverage in the future through improved data analysis and automation. The Company also continues to evaluate core systems and will invest in enhancements that it believes will yield operating efficiencies.

The second financial objective is to increase net interest income through profitable loan and deposit growth and the optimization of the balance sheet.  During the third quarter of 2021, the Company had an increase in net interest income of $25.4 million, or 13.8%, from the same period in 2020.  The Company has shown increased net interest income through the effects of increased volume and mix of average earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in rates compared to the third quarter of 2020.  Loans recorded under the PPP increased loan interest income by $1.4 million in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020.  Average loan balances increased $1.0 billion, or 6.5%, for the third quarter of 2021, compared to the same period in 2020. Average PPP loans decreased $982.0 million, compared to the third quarter of 2020.  Average liquidity increased $3.2 billion and average securities balances increased $2.1 billion, compared to the same period in 2021.  The funding for these assets was driven primarily by a 38.0% increase in noninterest-bearing deposits and a 16.4% increase in average interest-bearing liabilities.  Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased 21 basis points compared to the

same period in 2020, in large part due to a decrease in one-month LIBOR rates, excess liquidity buildup, and repricing of earning assets in the low interest rate environment.  These declines were partially offset by an eight-basis-point decrease in cost of interest-bearing deposits.  Net interest spread contracted by 20 basis points during the same period.  The Company expects to see continued volatility in the economic markets and governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.  These changing conditions could have impacts on the balance sheet and income statement of the Company for the remainder of the year.

The third financial objective is to grow the Company’s revenue from noninterest sources.  The Company seeks to grow noninterest revenues throughout all economic and interest rate cycles, while positioning itself to benefit in periods of economic growth.  Noninterest income decreased $5.1 million, or 4.5%, to $107.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020.  This change is primarily due to a decrease in derivative income, the market value of company-owned life insurance, investment securities losses, and a decline in trading and investment banking income. These are offset by an increase in trust and securities processing. See greater detail below under Noninterest Income. The Company continues to emphasize its asset management, brokerage, bankcard services, healthcare services, and treasury management businesses. For the third quarter of 2021, noninterest income represented 34.0% of total revenues, compared to 38.0% for the same period in 2020.  The recent economic changes have impacted fee income, especially those with assets tied to market values and interest rates.

The fourth financial objective is effective capital management.  The Company places a significant emphasis on maintaining a strong capital position, which management believes promotes investor confidence, provides access to funding sources under favorable terms, and enhances the Company’s ability to capitalize on business growth and acquisition opportunities. The Company continues to maximize shareholder value through a mix of reinvesting in organic growth, evaluating acquisition opportunities that complement the Company’s strategies, increasing dividends over time, and appropriately utilizing a share repurchase program.  At September 30, 2021, the Company had $3.1 billion in total shareholders’ equity.  This is an increase of $258.7 million, or 9.1%, compared to total shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2020.  At September 30, 2021, the Company had a total risk-based capital ratio of 14.17%.  The Company repurchased 2,035 shares of common stock at an average price of $88.76 per share during the third quarter of 2021.  Total risk-based capital was favorably impacted by the $200 million subordinated note issuance during the third quarter of 2020.  For additional information regarding the subordinated note issuance, please see the summary discussion in the “Deposits and Borrowed Funds” section included below.

Earnings Summary

The following is a summary regarding the Company’s earnings for the third quarter of 2021.  The changes identified in the summary are explained in greater detail below.  The Company recorded net income of $94.5 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to net income of $73.1 million for the same period a year earlier.  Basic earnings per share for the third quarter of 2021 were $1.96 per share ($1.94 per share fully-diluted) compared to $1.52 per share ($1.52 per share fully-diluted) for the third quarter of 2020.  Return on average assets and return on average common shareholders’ equity for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021 were 1.04% and 11.89%, respectively, compared to 0.99% and 10.23%, respectively, for the three-month period ended September 30, 2020.

The Company recorded net income of $274.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to net income of $130.2 million for the same period a year earlier.  Basic earnings per share for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 were $5.69 per share ($5.64 per share fully-diluted) compared to $2.70 per share ($2.69 per share fully-diluted) for the same period in 2020.  Return on average assets and return on average common shareholders’ equity for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 were 1.07% and 11.95%, respectively, compared to 0.62% and 6.30%, respectively, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020.

Net interest income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 increased $25.4 million, or 13.8%, and $68.4 million, or 12.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.  For the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, average earning assets increased by $6.3 billion, or 22.5%, and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, they increased by $6.4 billion, or 24.3%, compared to the same periods in 2020.  Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to 2.52% and 2.55% for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to 2.73% and 2.82% for the same periods in 2020.

The provision for credit losses decreased by $21.0 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021 and decreased by $114.0 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020.  Provision expense in 2020 included increased expense related to the impact of numerous economic variables due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  The decrease in the third quarter of 2021 is driven by impacts of positive macro-economic metrics.  The Company’s nonperforming loans increased $2.8 million to $96.5 million at September 30, 2021, compared to September 30, 2020.  The ACL on loans as a percentage of total loans decreased to 1.18% as of September 30, 2021, compared to 1.33% at September 30, 2020.  For a description of the Company’s methodology for computing the allowance for credit losses, please see the summary discussion in the “Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses” section included below.

Noninterest income decreased by $5.1 million, or 4.5%, for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, and increased by $16.5 million, or 5.0%, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020.  These changes are discussed in greater detail below under Noninterest Income.

Noninterest expense increased by $10.9 million, or 5.5%, for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, and increased by $16.0 million, or 2.7%, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020.  These changes are discussed in greater detail below under Noninterest Expense.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a significant source of the Company’s earnings and represents the amount by which interest income on earning assets exceeds the interest expense paid on liabilities.  The volume of interest-earning assets and the related funding sources, the overall mix of these assets and liabilities, and the rates paid on each affect net interest income.  Net interest income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 increased $25.4 million, or 13.8%, and $68.4 million, or 12.7%, compared to the same periods in 2020.

Table 1 shows the impact of earning asset rate changes compared to changes in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. As illustrated in this table, net interest spread for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased 20 basis points as compared to the same period in 2020. Net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased 21 basis points compared to the same period in 2020. Net interest spread for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 decreased by 18 basis points as compared to the same period in 2020. Net interest margin for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 decreased by 27 basis points compared to the same period in 2020. The changes are primarily due to unfavorable rate variances on earning assets, offset by favorable volume variance on loans and securities and favorable rate variances on interest-bearing deposits. The changes compared to last year have been impacted by loan growth and increased liquidity, partially offset by short-term interest rate cuts. Additionally, average PPP loans account for $516.6 million and $998.8 million of the Company’s total loan balance for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively. These variances have led to an increase in the Company’s net interest income during 2021, as compared to results for the same periods in 2020. The Company expects to see continued volatility in the economic markets and governmental responses to these changes as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These changing conditions could have impacts on the balance sheet and income statement of the Company the remainder of the year. For the impact of the contribution from free funds, see the Analysis of Net Interest Margin within Table 2 below. Table 2 also illustrates how the changes in volume and interest rates have resulted in an increase in net interest income.

Table 1

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS/YIELDS AND RATES (tax-equivalent basis) (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the average earning assets and resulting yields, as well as the average interest-bearing liabilities and resulting yields, expressed in both dollars and rates.  All average balances are daily average balances.  The average yield on earning assets without the tax-equivalent basis adjustment would have been 2.57% for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, and 2.81% for the same period in 2020.  The average yield on earning assets without the tax-equivalent basis adjustment would have been 2.62% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, and 3.05% for the same period in 2020.

Three Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Average Average Average Average
Balance Yield/Rate Balance Yield/Rate
ASSETS
Loans, net of unearned interest $ 16,756,753 3.77 % $ 15,731,716 3.60 %
Securities:
Taxable 7,662,106 1.72 5,478,397 1.92
Tax-exempt 4,240,408 2.90 4,336,539 2.95
Total securities 11,902,514 2.14 9,814,936 2.37
Federal funds and resell agreements 1,092,266 0.87 1,177,590 0.76
Interest-bearing due from banks 4,345,422 0.16 1,087,838 0.11
Other earning assets 25,392 4.30 32,894 3.54
Total earning assets 34,122,347 2.65 27,844,974 2.91
Allowance for credit losses (203,144 ) (211,221 )
Other assets 1,953,337 1,846,919
Total assets $ 35,872,540 $ 29,480,672
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits $ 18,027,862 0.15 % $ 15,867,017 0.23 %
Federal funds and repurchase agreements 2,596,326 0.24 1,964,161 0.35
Borrowed funds 270,795 4.72 115,943 5.56
Total interest-bearing liabilities 20,894,983 0.22 17,947,121 0.28
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 11,400,143 8,260,170
Other liabilities 425,385 431,528
Shareholders' equity 3,152,029 2,841,853
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 35,872,540 $ 29,480,672
Net interest spread 2.43 % 2.63 %
Net interest margin 2.52 2.73
Nine Months Ended September 30,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2021 2020
Average Average Average Average
Balance Yield/Rate Balance Yield/Rate
ASSETS
Loans, net of unearned interest $ 16,608,711 3.74 % $ 14,818,893 3.91 %
Securities:
Taxable 7,022,914 1.72 5,082,153 2.09
Tax-exempt 4,276,813 2.93 4,169,829 3.02
Total securities 11,299,727 2.18 9,251,982 2.51
Federal funds and resell agreements 1,280,177 0.81 1,070,071 1.16
Interest-bearing due from banks 3,506,727 0.12 1,140,965 0.39
Other earning assets 21,475 4.28 39,580 4.55
Total earning assets 32,716,817 2.70 26,321,491 3.15
Allowance for credit losses (207,338 ) (173,254 )
Other assets 1,892,516 1,742,652
Total assets $ 34,401,995 $ 27,890,889
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits $ 17,397,225 0.15 % $ 15,107,688 0.44 %
Federal funds and repurchase agreements 2,620,354 0.27 2,043,942 0.66
Borrowed funds 270,230 4.76 90,849 6.36
Total interest-bearing liabilities 20,287,809 0.23 17,242,479 0.50
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 10,624,524 7,475,746
Other liabilities 418,397 411,547
Shareholders' equity 3,071,265 2,761,117
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 34,401,995 $ 27,890,889
Net interest spread 2.47 % 2.65 %
Net interest margin 2.55 2.82

Table 2 presents the dollar amount of change in net interest income and margin due to volume and rate.  Table 2 also reflects the effect that interest-free funds have on net interest margin.  The average balance of interest-free funds (total earning assets less interest-bearing liabilities) increased $3.3 billion for both the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020.  The benefit from interest-free funds decreased one and nine basis points in the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, due to decreased yields on earning assets, offset by a decrease in interest rates of interest-bearing liabilities.

Table 2

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME AND MARGIN (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2021 and 2020 September 30, 2021 and 2020
Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total
Change in interest earned on:
Loans $ 9,781 $ 7,020 $ 16,801 $ 50,301 $ (19,823 ) $ 30,478
Securities:
Taxable 9,763 (2,849 ) 6,914 26,598 (15,824 ) 10,774
Tax-exempt (508 ) (411 ) (919 ) 2,363 (2,591 ) (228 )
Federal funds sold and resell agreements (169 ) 310 141 1,600 (3,111 ) (1,511 )
Interest-bearing due from banks 1,228 172 1,400 3,368 (3,493 ) (125 )
Trading (79 ) 51 (28 ) (573 ) (73 ) (646 )
Interest income 20,016 4,293 24,309 83,657 (44,915 ) 38,742
Change in interest incurred on:
Interest-bearing deposits 1,149 (3,692 ) (2,543 ) 6,665 (36,811 ) (30,146 )
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements 473 (607 ) (134 ) 2,290 (7,090 ) (4,800 )
Other borrowed funds 1,880 (275 ) 1,605 6,621 (1,330 ) 5,291
Interest expense 3,502 (4,574 ) (1,072 ) 15,576 (45,231 ) (29,655 )
Net interest income $ 16,514 $ 8,867 $ 25,381 $ 68,081 $ 316 $ 68,397

ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST MARGIN

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change
Average earning assets $ 34,122,347 $ 27,844,974 $ 6,277,373 $ 32,716,817 $ 26,321,491 $ 6,395,326
Interest-bearing liabilities 20,894,983 17,947,121 2,947,862 20,287,809 17,242,479 3,045,330
Interest-free funds $ 13,227,364 $ 9,897,853 $ 3,329,511 $ 12,429,008 $ 9,079,012 $ 3,349,996
Free funds ratio (interest free funds to average earning assets) 38.76 % 35.55 % 3.21 % 37.99 % 34.49 % 3.50 %
Tax-equivalent yield on earning assets 2.65 2.91 (0.26 ) 2.70 3.15 (0.45 )
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities 0.22 0.28 (0.06 ) 0.23 0.50 (0.27 )
Net interest spread 2.43 2.63 (0.20 ) 2.47 2.65 (0.18 )
Benefit of interest-free funds 0.09 0.10 (0.01 ) 0.08 0.17 (0.09 )
Net interest margin 2.52 % 2.73 % (0.21 )% 2.55 % 2.82 % (0.27 )%

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL represents management’s judgment of the total expected losses included in the Company’s loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.  The Company’s process for recording the ACL is based on the evaluation of the Company’s lifetime historical loss experience, management’s understanding of the credit quality inherent in the loan portfolio, and the impact of the current economic environment, coupled with reasonable and supportable economic forecasts.

A mathematical calculation of an estimate is made to assist in determining the adequacy and reasonableness of management’s recorded ACL.  To develop the estimate, the Company follows the guidelines in ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.  The estimate reserves for assets held at amortized cost and any related credit deterioration in the Company’s available-for-sale debt security portfolio.  Assets held at amortized cost include the Company’s loan book and held-to-maturity security portfolio.

The process involves the consideration of quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the specific segmentation of loans.  These factors have been established over decades of financial institution experience and include economic observation and loan loss characteristics.  This process is designed to produce a lifetime estimate of the losses, at a reporting date, that includes evaluation of historical loss experience, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and the qualitative framework outlined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency in the published 2020 Interagency Policy Statement.  This process allows management to take a holistic view of the recorded ACL reserve and ensure that all significant and pertinent information is considered.

The Company considers a variety of factors to ensure the safety and soundness of its estimate including a strong internal control framework, extensive methodology documentation, credit underwriting standards which encompass the Company’s desired risk profile, model validation, and ratio analysis.  If the Company’s total ACL estimate, as determined in accordance with the approved ACL methodology, is either outside a reasonable range based on review of economic indicators or by comparison of historical ratio analysis, the ACL estimate is an outlier and management will investigate the underlying reason(s).  Based on that investigation, issues or factors that previously had not been considered may be identified in the estimation process, which may warrant adjustments to estimated credit losses.

The ending result of this process is a recorded consolidated ACL that represents management’s best estimate of the total expected losses included in the loan portfolio, held-to-maturity securities, and credit deterioration in available-for-sale securities.

Based on the factors above, management of the Company recorded a reduction of $5.0 million as provision for credit losses for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, as compared to provision expense of $16.0 million for the same period in 2020. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, management of the Company recorded $11.5 million as provision for credit losses, as compared to $125.5 million for the same period in 2020.  These changes are the result of applying the methodology for computing the allowance for credit losses, coupled with the impacts of the current and forecasted economic environment.  As illustrated in Table 3 below, the ACL on loans decreased to 1.18% of total loans as of September 30, 2021, compared to 1.33% of total loans as of September 30, 2020.

Table 3 presents a summary of the Company’s ACL for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and for the year ended December 31, 2020.  Net charge-offs were $36.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to $18.3 million for the same period in 2020.  See “Credit Risk Management” under “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in this report for information relating to nonaccrual loans, past due loans, restructured loans and other credit risk matters.

Table 3

ANALYSIS OF ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Nine Months Ended Year Ended
September 30, December 31,
2021 2020 2020
Allowance – January 1 $ 218,583 $ 101,788 $ 101,788
Cumulative effect adjustment^(1)^ — 9,030 9,030
Adjusted allowance – January 1 218,583 110,818 110,818
Provision for credit losses 14,500 122,000 127,890
Charge-offs:
Commercial and industrial (6,311 ) (6,990 ) (8,587 )
Specialty lending (31,945 ) — —
Commercial real estate (77 ) (11,920 ) (11,939 )
Consumer real estate (86 ) (219 ) (219 )
Consumer (2,030 ) (513 ) (607 )
Credit cards (4,786 ) (5,953 ) (7,326 )
Leases and other (8 ) (11 ) (11 )
Total charge-offs (45,243 ) (25,606 ) (28,689 )
Recoveries:
Commercial and industrial 4,926 5,640 6,473
Specialty lending 154 — —
Commercial real estate 1,560 82 91
Consumer real estate 129 57 69
Consumer 170 271 307
Credit cards 1,475 1,232 1,618
Leases and other 18 — 6
Total recoveries 8,432 7,282 8,564
Net charge-offs (36,811 ) (18,324 ) (20,125 )
Allowance for credit losses – end of period $ 196,272 $ 214,494 $ 218,583
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 194,156 $ 211,688 $ 215,973
Allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities 2,116 2,806 2,610
Loans at end of period, net of unearned interest 16,469,463 15,950,177 16,103,651
Held-to-maturity securities at end of period 1,089,424 1,070,307 1,014,614
Total assets at amortized cost 17,558,887 17,020,484 17,118,265
Average loans, net of unearned interest 16,594,289 14,803,943 15,109,392
Allowance for credit losses on loans to loans at end of period 1.18 % 1.33 % 1.34 %
Allowance for credit losses – end of period to total assets at amortized cost 1.12 % 1.26 % 1.28 %
Allowance as a multiple of net charge-offs 3.99x 8.76x 10.86x
Net charge-offs to average loans 0.30 % 0.17 % 0.13 %
(1) Related to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13. See Note 3, “New Accounting Pronouncements,” for further detail.
--- ---

Noninterest Income

A key objective of the Company is the growth of noninterest income to provide a diverse source of revenue not directly tied to interest rates.  Fee-based services are typically non-credit related and are not generally affected by fluctuations in interest rates.

The Company offers multiple fee-based products and services, which management believes will more closely align with customer demands.  The Company is currently emphasizing fee-based products and services including

trust and securities processing, bankcard, securities trading and brokerage, and cash and treasury management.  Management believes that it can offer these products and services both efficiently and profitably, as most have common platforms and support structures.

Table 4

SUMMARY OF NONINTEREST INCOME (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended Dollar Percent
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Trust and securities processing $ 56,914 $ 50,552 $ 6,362 12.6 %
Trading and investment banking 5,936 8,678 (2,742 ) (31.6 )
Service charges on deposits 19,881 19,650 231 1.2
Insurance fees and commissions 285 259 26 10.0
Brokerage fees 2,899 4,819 (1,920 ) (39.8 )
Bankcard fees 17,198 15,295 1,903 12.4
Investment securities losses, net (3,510 ) (475 ) (3,035 ) (638.9 )
Other 8,304 14,218 (5,914 ) (41.6 )
Total noninterest income $ 107,907 $ 112,996 $ (5,089 ) (4.5 )%
Nine Months Ended Dollar Percent
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Trust and securities processing $ 165,611 $ 143,873 $ 21,738 15.1 %
Trading and investment banking 23,962 23,252 710 3.1
Service charges on deposits 64,449 63,805 644 1.0
Insurance fees and commissions 950 1,051 (101 ) (9.6 )
Brokerage fees 8,825 20,432 (11,607 ) (56.8 )
Bankcard fees 47,934 44,756 3,178 7.1
Investment securities gains, net 3,609 7,624 (4,015 ) (52.7 )
Other 33,053 27,083 5,970 22.0
Total noninterest income $ 348,393 $ 331,876 $ 16,517 5.0 %

Noninterest income decreased by $5.1 million, or 4.5%, during the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, and increased $16.5 million, or 5.0%, during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020.  Table 4 above summarizes the components of noninterest income and the respective year-over-year comparison for each category.

Trust and securities processing income consists of fees earned on personal and corporate trust accounts, custody of securities services, trust investments and wealth management services, mutual fund assets, and alternative asset servicing.  The increase in these fees for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020, was primarily due to an increase in fund services and corporate trust revenues.  For the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, fund services revenue increased $7.2 million, or 29.4%, and corporate trust revenue increased $1.3 million, or 14.5%, compared to the same period in 2020.  These are offset by a decrease of $2.2 million, or 12.9%, in wealth management income. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, fund services revenue increased $19.0 million, or 27.5%, and corporate trust revenue increased $4.5 million, or 17.1%, compared to the same period in 2020. These are offset by a decrease of $1.7 million, or 3.5%, in wealth management income. The recent volatile markets have impacted the income in this category.  Since trust and securities processing fees are primarily asset-based, which are highly correlated to the change in market value of the assets, the related income for the remainder of the year will be affected by changes in the securities markets.  Management continues to emphasize sales of services to both new and existing clients as well as increasing and improving the distribution channels.

Trading and investment banking fees for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021 decreased $2.7 million, or 31.6%, but increased $0.7 million, or 3.1%, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same periods in 2020.  These changes were primarily driven by the volatile markets impact on trading volume.  The income in this category is market driven and impacted by general increases or decreases in trading volume.

Brokerage fees for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021 decreased $1.9 million, or 39.8%, compared to the same period in 2020.  For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, brokerage fees decreased $11.6 million, or 56.8%, compared to the same period in 2020. The decreases in both periods were driven by lower money market income and 12b-1 fees.  The reduction in short-term interest rates will impact the income in this category the remainder of the year.

Bankcard fees for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 increased $1.9 million, or 12.4%, and $3.2 million, or 7.1%, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2020. The increase in both periods was driven by increased interchange income.

Investment securities (losses) gains, net for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 decreased by $3.0 million, or 638.9%, and by $4.0 million, or 52.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020. The decrease for the three-month period was driven by $4.6 million in losses on equity investments, primarily related to the company’s investment in Tattooed Chef, Inc. (TTCF).  This is partially offset by $1.1 million of gains on sales of available-for-sale securities.  The decrease for the nine-month period is driven by a $3.5 million decrease in gains on equity instruments. The income in this category is highly correlated to the change in market value of the assets, and the related income for the remainder of the year will be affected by changes in the securities markets.  The Company’s investment portfolio is continually evaluated for opportunities to improve its performance and risk profile relative to market conditions and the Company’s interest rate expectations.  This can result in differences from quarter to quarter in the amount of realized gains or losses on this portfolio.

Other noninterest income for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, decreased $5.9 million, or 41.6%, compared to the same period in 2020, driven by a decrease of $4.0 million in company-owned life insurance and a $3.4 million decrease in derivative income.  These decreases are offset by a $1.1 million increase in bank-owned life insurance.  For the nine-month period, other noninterest income increased $6.0 million, or 22.0%, compared to the same period in 2020, driven by a $2.3 million increase in bank-owned life insurance, a $2.2 million increase in gains on the sale of mortgage loans, and a $1.2 million increase in company-owned life insurance. The changes in company-owned life insurance are offset by proportionate changes in deferred compensation expense.

Table 5

SUMMARY OF NONINTEREST EXPENSE (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended Dollar Percent
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Salaries and employee benefits $ 124,986 $ 124,194 $ 792 0.6 %
Occupancy, net 12,207 12,027 180 1.5
Equipment 19,701 20,968 (1,267 ) (6.0 )
Supplies and services 3,379 3,442 (63 ) (1.8 )
Marketing and business development 4,863 3,038 1,825 60.1
Processing fees 16,562 12,812 3,750 29.3
Legal and consulting 7,646 7,244 402 5.5
Bankcard 4,795 4,834 (39 ) (0.8 )
Amortization of other intangible assets 1,110 1,524 (414 ) (27.2 )
Regulatory fees 3,186 2,309 877 38.0
Other 10,434 5,603 4,831 86.2
Total noninterest expense $ 208,869 $ 197,995 $ 10,874 5.5 %
Nine Months Ended Dollar Percent
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Salaries and employee benefits $ 373,082 $ 366,192 $ 6,890 1.9 %
Occupancy, net 36,438 35,618 820 2.3
Equipment 58,512 63,711 (5,199 ) (8.2 )
Supplies and services 10,340 11,412 (1,072 ) (9.4 )
Marketing and business development 12,005 10,962 1,043 9.5
Processing fees 48,480 39,805 8,675 21.8
Legal and consulting 21,548 19,574 1,974 10.1
Bankcard 14,280 14,243 37 0.3
Amortization of other intangible assets 3,647 4,916 (1,269 ) (25.8 )
Regulatory fees 8,501 7,886 615 7.8
Other 24,320 20,828 3,492 16.8
Total noninterest expense $ 611,153 $ 595,147 $ 16,006 2.7 %

Noninterest expense increased by $10.9 million, or 5.5%, and increased $16.0 million, or 2.7%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.  Table 5 above summarizes the components of noninterest expense and the respective year-over-year comparison for each category.

Salaries and employee benefits increased by $0.8 million, or 0.6%, and $6.9 million, or 1.9%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.  Bonus and commission expense increased $5.1 million, or 18.1%, and increased $5.8 million, or 7.2%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.  Employee benefits expense decreased $3.7 million, or 17.3%, and increased $0.9 million, or 1.5%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, driven by changes in deferred compensation expense and medical expense.  Salaries and wages expense decreased $0.6 million, or 0.8%, and increased $0.1 million, or 0.1%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020.

Equipment expense decreased $1.3 million, or 6.0%, and $5.2 million, or 8.2%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, primarily due to lower software and equipment maintenance expense.

Marketing and business development expense increased $1.8 million, or 60.1%, and $1.0 million, or 9.5%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, primarily due to increased travel and entertainment expense as well as the timing of multiple marketing initiatives.

Processing fees increased $3.8 million, or 29.3%, and $8.7 million, or 21.8%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, primarily due to the increased software subscription costs and higher institutional foreign currency processing costs.

Legal and consulting expense increased $0.4 million, or 5.5%, and $2.0 million, or 10.1%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, primarily due to timing of multiple projects.

Other expense increased $4.8 million, or 86.2%, and $3.5 million, or 16.8%, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, primarily due to higher operational losses, increased charitable contributions and an increase in losses on the sale of other real estate owned.

Income Tax Expense

The Company’s effective tax rate was 17.0 % for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 11.9% for the same period in 2020. The increase in the effective tax rate for 2021 is primarily attributable to a smaller portion of income being earned from tax-exempt municipal securities.

Strategic Lines of Business

The Company has strategically aligned its operations into the following three reportable Business Segments: Commercial Banking, Institutional Banking, and Personal Banking.  The Company’s senior executive officers regularly evaluate Business Segment financial results produced by the Company’s internal reporting system in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance for individual Business Segments.  For comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on methodologies in effect at September 30, 2021.  Previously reported results have been reclassified in this Form 10-Q to conform to the Company’s current organizational structure.

Table 6

Commercial Banking Operating Results (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended Dollar Percent
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Net interest income $ 143,935 $ 122,362 $ 21,573 17.6 %
Provision for credit losses (5,720 ) 14,032 (19,752 ) (140.8 )
Noninterest income 16,523 22,464 (5,941 ) (26.4 )
Noninterest expense 74,359 65,175 9,184 14.1
Income before taxes 91,819 65,619 26,200 39.9
Income tax expense 15,601 8,100 7,501 92.6
Net income $ 76,218 $ 57,519 $ 18,699 32.5 %
Nine Months Ended Dollar Percent
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Net interest income $ 412,622 $ 342,406 $ 70,216 20.5 %
Provision for credit losses 8,107 115,533 (107,426 ) (93.0 )
Noninterest income 60,294 57,782 2,512 4.3
Noninterest expense 209,144 186,341 22,803 12.2
Income before taxes 255,665 98,314 157,351 160.0
Income tax expense 43,427 11,709 31,718 270.9
Net income $ 212,238 $ 86,605 $ 125,633 145.1 %

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, Commercial Banking net income increased $125.6 million to $212.2 million, as compared to the same period in 2020.  Net interest income increased $70.2 million, or 20.5%, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020, primarily driven by strong loan growth due to the Company’s participation in the PPP, and earning asset mix changes.  Commercial Banking had loans with an average balance of $998.8 million and loan interest income of $35.9 million related to PPP during the first nine months of 2021.  Provision for credit losses decreased by $107.4 million for the period. Provision expense in 2020 included increased expense related to the impact on various economic variables of the COVID-19 pandemic.  The decline in provision expense in 2021 represents a release of ACL based on positive macro-economic data and credit metrics.  Noninterest income increased $2.5 million, or 4.3%, over the same period in 2020, primarily due to an increase of $2.5 million in deposit service charges, an increase of $2.4 million in company-owned and bank-owned life insurance income, and an increase of $1.2 million in bankcard income.  These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $4.0 million in investment security gains driven by mark-to-market

losses on the Company’s investment in TTCF. Noninterest expense increased $22.8 million, or 12.2%, to $209.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020.  This increase was driven by a $18.6 million increase in technology, service, and overhead expenses, an increase of $2.5 million in salary and employee benefits expense, an increase of $1.7 million in losses on sales of other real estate owned, and an increase of $1.1 million in processing fees.  These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $0.8 million in bankcard expense.

Table 7

Institutional Banking Operating Results (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended Dollar Percent
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Net interest income $ 21,203 $ 23,375 $ (2,172 ) (9.3 )%
Provision for credit losses 172 193 (21 ) (10.9 )
Noninterest income 65,551 62,688 2,863 4.6
Noninterest expense 73,354 69,667 3,687 5.3
Income before taxes 13,228 16,203 (2,975 ) (18.4 )
Income tax expense 2,248 2,000 248 12.4
Net income $ 10,980 $ 14,203 $ (3,223 ) (22.7 )%
Nine Months Ended Dollar Percent
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Net interest income $ 64,599 $ 84,534 $ (19,935 ) (23.6 )%
Provision for credit losses 539 766 (227 ) (29.6 )
Noninterest income 202,718 191,128 11,590 6.1
Noninterest expense 217,211 215,073 2,138 1.0
Income before taxes 49,567 59,823 (10,256 ) (17.1 )
Income tax expense 8,419 7,125 1,294 18.2
Net income $ 41,148 $ 52,698 $ (11,550 ) (21.9 )%

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, Institutional Banking net income decreased $11.6 million, or 21.9%, compared to the same period last year.  Net interest income decreased $19.9 million, or 23.6%, compared to the same period last year, driven by a decrease in funds transfer pricing due to the decline in interest rates.  Noninterest income increased $11.6 million, or 6.1%, primarily due to increases of $19.0 million in fund services income and $4.5 million in corporate trust income, an increase of $1.0 million in bankcard fees, and an increase of $0.9 million in company-owned and bank-owned life insurance.  These increases were partially offset by decreases of $11.3 million in brokerage fees due to lower 12b-1 and money market income, $2.5 million in bond trading income, and $1.3 million in service charges on deposit accounts due to decreased healthcare customer transfer and conversion fees. Noninterest expense increased $2.1 million, or 1.0%, primarily driven by an increase of $5.1 million in increase in technology, service, and overhead expenses, and an increase of $3.2 million in processing fees.  These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $5.5 million in salary and employee benefits expense.

Table 8

Personal Banking Operating Results (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended Dollar Percent
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Net interest income $ 44,627 $ 38,647 $ 5,980 15.5 %
Provision for credit losses 548 1,775 (1,227 ) (69.1 )
Noninterest income 25,833 27,844 (2,011 ) (7.2 )
Noninterest expense 61,156 63,153 (1,997 ) (3.2 )
Income before taxes 8,756 1,563 7,193 460.2
Income tax expense 1,487 193 1,294 670.5
Net income $ 7,269 $ 1,370 $ 5,899 430.6 %
Nine Months Ended Dollar Percent
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, Change Change
2021 2020 21-20 21-20
Net interest income $ 127,730 $ 109,614 $ 18,116 16.5 %
Provision for credit losses 2,854 9,201 (6,347 ) (69.0 )
Noninterest income 85,381 82,966 2,415 2.9
Noninterest expense 184,798 193,733 (8,935 ) (4.6 )
Income (loss) before taxes 25,459 (10,354 ) 35,813 345.9
Income tax expense (benefit) 4,323 (1,233 ) 5,556 450.6
Net income (loss) $ 21,136 $ (9,121 ) $ 30,257 331.7 %

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, Personal Banking net income increased by $30.3 million to $21.1 million, as compared to the same period in 2020.  Net interest income increased $18.1 million, or 16.5%, compared to the same period last year due to increased loan balances.  Provision for credit losses decreased $6.3 million due to the current economic environment and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts.  The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are key elements of these forecasts.  Noninterest income increased $2.4 million, or 2.9%, for the same period.  This increase is primarily driven by an increase of $2.2 million on gains on sale of mortgage originations, an increase of $1.0 million in company-owned and bank-owned life insurance income and an increase of $1.0 million in bankcard fees.  These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.7 million in wealth management income. Noninterest expense decreased $8.9 million, or 4.6%, primarily due to decreases of $5.1 million in salaries and employee benefits, $1.0 million in technology, service, and overhead expenses, $1.3 million in operational losses, and $0.6 million in amortization of intangibles.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Total assets of the Company increased by $4.4 billion, or 13.4%, as of September 30, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020, primarily due to an increase of $2.6 billion, or 84.5% in interest-bearing due from banks, an increase of $1.9 billion, or 20.0%, in AFS securities, and $365.8 million, or 2.3%, in loan balances.

Total assets of the Company increased $7.3 billion, or 24.1%, as of September 30, 2021, compared to September 30, 2020, primarily due to an increase in interest-bearing due from banks of $4.1 billion, or 255.7%, an increase in AFS securities of $2.4 billion, or 28.0%, and an increase in loan balances of $519.3 million, or 3.3%.  Total assets, including interest-bearing due from banks, are being impacted by excess liquidity in the market due to PPP.

Table 9

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

September 30, December 31,
2021 2020 2020
Total assets $ 37,554,285 $ 30,250,972 $ 33,127,504
Loans, net of unearned interest 16,474,108 15,961,155 16,110,359
Total securities 12,595,641 9,998,701 10,645,375
Interest-bearing due from banks 5,739,267 1,613,675 3,110,042
Total earning assets 35,704,848 28,460,350 31,297,528
Total deposits 31,235,810 24,737,907 27,051,251
Total borrowed funds 2,771,389 2,213,048 2,585,092

Loans represent the Company’s largest source of interest income.  In addition to growing the commercial loan portfolio, management believes its middle market commercial business and its consumer business, including home equity and credit card loan products, are the market niches that represent its best opportunity to cross-sell fee-related services and generate additional noninterest income for the Company.

Actual loan balances totaled $16.5 billion as of September 30, 2021, and increased $365.8 million, or 2.3%, compared to December 31, 2020, and increased $519.3 billion, or 3.3%, compared to September 30, 2020.  Compared to December 31, 2020, consumer real estate loans increased $300.2 million, or 15.4%, and commercial real estate loans increased $246.6 million, or 4.2%, partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial loans of $205.8 million, or 2.9%.  Compared to September 30, 2020, consumer real estate loans increased $404.2 million, or 22.0%, and commercial real estate loans increased $316.6 million, or 5.4%, partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial loans of $201.5 million, or 2.9%.

Nonaccrual, past due and restructured loans are discussed under “Credit Risk Management” within “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in this report.

Investment Securities

The Company’s investment portfolio contains trading, AFS, and HTM securities, as well as FRB stock, FHLB stock, and other miscellaneous investments.  Investment securities totaled $12.6 billion as of September 30, 2021, and $10.6 billion as of December 31, 2020, and comprised 35.3% and 34.0% of the Company’s earning assets, respectively, as of those dates.

The Company’s AFS securities portfolio comprised 88.6% of the Company’s investment securities portfolio at September 30, 2021 and 87.4% at December 31, 2020.  The Company’s AFS securities portfolio provides liquidity as a result of the composition and average life of the underlying securities.  This liquidity can be used to fund loan growth or to offset the outflow of traditional funding sources.  The average life of the AFS securities portfolio was 74.2 months at September 30, 2021, compared to 70.1 months at December 31, 2020, and 70.2 months at September 30, 2020.  In addition to providing a potential source of liquidity, the AFS securities portfolio can be used as a tool to manage interest rate sensitivity.  The Company’s goal in the management of its AFS securities portfolio is to maximize return within the Company’s parameters of liquidity goals, interest rate risk, and credit risk.

Management expects collateral pledging requirements for public funds, loan demand, and deposit funding to be the primary factors impacting changes in the level of AFS securities.  There were $8.0 billion of AFS securities pledged to secure U.S. Government deposits, other public deposits, certain trust deposits, derivative transactions, and repurchase agreements at September 30, 2021.  Of this amount, securities with a market value of $181.8 million at September 30, 2021 were pledged at the Federal Reserve Discount Window but were unencumbered as of that date.

The Company’s HTM securities portfolio consists of private placement bonds, which are issued primarily to refinance existing revenue bonds in the healthcare and education sectors.  The HTM portfolio, net of the ACL totaled $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  The average life

of the HTM portfolio was 5.7 years at September 30, 2021, compared to 6.1 years at December 31, 2020, and 6.0 years at September 30, 2020.

The securities portfolio generates the Company’s second largest component of interest income. The securities portfolio achieved an average yield on a tax-equivalent basis of 2.18% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, compared to 2.52% for the same period in 2020.

Deposits and Borrowed Funds

Deposits increased $4.2 billion, or 15.5%, from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021 and increased $6.5 billion, or 26.3%, from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2021.  Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $3.3 billion, and total interest-bearing deposits increased $874.8 million from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021. Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $4.4 billion, and total interest-bearing deposits increased $2.1 billion from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2021.  The increase in deposits as compared to prior periods is related to the excess liquidity in the market created by the PPP and customer behavior changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Deposits represent the Company’s primary funding source for its asset base.  In addition to the core deposits garnered by the Company’s retail branch structure, the Company continues to focus on its cash management services, as well as its trust and mutual fund servicing businesses, in order to attract and retain additional deposits.  Management believes a strong core deposit composition is one of the Company’s key strengths given its competitive product mix.

Long-term debt totaled $271.0 million at September 30, 2021, compared to $269.6 million as of December 31, 2020, and $269.0 million as of September 30, 2020.  In September 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate subordinated notes due in September 2030.  The Company received $197.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, and used the proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including, among other uses, contributing Tier 1 capital into the Bank. The subordinated notes were issued with a fixed-to-fixed rate of 3.70% and an effective rate of 3.93%, due to issuance costs, with an interest rate reset date of September 2025.  The remainder of the Company’s long-term debt was assumed from the acquisition of Marquette Financial Companies (Marquette) and consists of debt obligations payable to four unconsolidated trusts (Marquette Capital Trust I, Marquette Capital Trust II, Marquette Capital Trust III, and Marquette Capital Trust IV) that previously issued trust preferred securities.  These long-term debt obligations have an aggregate contractual balance of $103.1 million.  Interest rates on trust preferred securities are tied to the three-month LIBOR rate with spreads ranging from 133 basis points to 160 basis points and reset quarterly. The trust preferred securities have maturity dates ranging from January 2036 to September 2036.

The Company has a revolving line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. which allows the Company to borrow up to $30.0 million for general working capital purposes.  The interest rate applied to borrowed balances will be at the Company’s option either 1.25% above LIBOR or 1.75% below the prime rate on the date of an advance.  The Company pays a 0.4% unused commitment fee for unused portions of the revolving line of credit.  As of September 30, 2021, the Company had no advances outstanding on this revolving line of credit.

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $2.5 billion as of September 30, 2021, $2.3 billion at December 31, 2020, and $1.9 billion at September 30, 2020. Repurchase agreements are transactions involving the exchange of investment funds by the customer for securities by the Company under an agreement to repurchase the same or similar issues at an agreed-upon price and date.  The level of borrowings could be impacted by earning asset mix changes in the Company’s balance sheet from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Capital and Liquidity

The Company places a significant emphasis on the maintenance of a strong capital position, which promotes investor confidence, provides access to funding sources under favorable terms, and enhances the Company’s ability to capitalize on business growth and acquisition opportunities.  Higher levels of liquidity, however, bear corresponding costs, measured in terms of lower yields on short-term, more liquid earning assets and higher

expenses for extended liability maturities.  The Company manages capital for each subsidiary based upon the subsidiary’s respective risks and growth opportunities as well as regulatory requirements.

Total shareholders’ equity was $3.1 billion at September 30, 2021, a $95.9 million increase compared to December 31, 2020, and a $258.7 million increase compared to September 30, 2020.

The Company’s Board of Directors authorized, at its April 27, 2021, April 28, 2020, and April 23, 2019 meetings, the repurchase of up to two million shares of the Company’s common stock during the twelve months following each meeting (each a Repurchase Authorization).  During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company acquired 55,409 shares and 1,140,399 shares, respectively, of its common stock pursuant to the applicable Repurchase Authorization.  In March 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with Bank of America Merrill Lynch (BAML) to repurchase an aggregate of $30.0 million of the Company’s common stock through an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the ASR).  The Company repurchased a total of 653,498 shares under the ASR, which was completed during the second quarter of 2020. The ASR was entered into pursuant to the April 23, 2019 Repurchase Authorization and the Company has not made any repurchase of its securities other than pursuant to the Repurchase Authorizations.

At the Company’s quarterly board meeting, the Board of Directors declared a $0.37 per share quarterly cash dividend payable on January 3, 2022, to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 10, 2021.

Through the Company’s relationship with the FHLB of Des Moines, the Company owns $10.0 million of FHLB stock and has access to additional liquidity and funding sources through FHLB advances.  The Company’s borrowing capacity is dependent upon the amount of collateral the Company places at the FHLB.  The Company’s borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $1.6 billion as of September 30, 2021.  The Company had no outstanding FHLB advances at FHLB of Des Moines as of September 30, 2021.

Risk-based capital guidelines established by regulatory agencies set minimum capital standards based on the level of risk associated with a financial institution’s assets.  The Company has implemented the Basel III regulatory capital rules adopted by the FRB.  Basel III capital rules include a minimum ratio of common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%.  A financial institution’s total capital is also required to equal at least 8% of risk-weighted assets.

The risk-based capital guidelines indicate the specific risk weightings by type of asset.  Certain off-balance sheet items (such as standby letters of credit and binding loan commitments) are multiplied by credit conversion factors to translate them into balance sheet equivalents before assigning them specific risk weightings.  The Company is also required to maintain a leverage ratio equal to or greater than 4%.  The leverage ratio is calculated as the ratio of tier 1 core capital to total average assets, less goodwill and intangibles.

U.S. banking agencies in December 2018 approved a final rule to address the impact of CECL on regulatory capital by allowing banking organizations the option to phase in the day-one impact of CECL until the first quarter of 2023. In March 2020, the U.S. banking agencies issued an interim final rule that provides banking organizations with an alternative option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period. The Company elected this alternative option instead of the one described in the December 2018 rule.

The Company's capital position as of September 30, 2021 is summarized in the table below and exceeded regulatory requirements.

Table 10

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
RATIOS 2021 2020 2021 2020
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 12.26 % 11.93 % 12.26 % 11.93 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 12.26 11.93 12.26 11.93
Total risk-based capital ratio 14.17 14.17 14.17 14.17
Leverage ratio 7.87 8.19 7.87 8.19
Return on average assets 1.04 0.99 1.07 0.62
Return on average equity 11.89 10.23 11.95 6.30
Average equity to assets 8.79 9.64 8.93 9.90

The Company's per share data is summarized in the table below.

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
Per Share Data 2021 2020 2021 2020
Earnings - basic $ 1.96 $ 1.52 $ 5.69 $ 2.70
Earnings - diluted 1.94 1.52 5.64 2.69
Cash dividends 0.37 0.31 1.01 0.93
Dividend payout ratio 18.88 % 20.39 % 17.75 % 34.44 %
Book value $ 64.37 $ 59.43 $ 64.37 $ 59.43

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company’s main off-balance sheet arrangements are loan commitments, commercial and standby letters of credit, futures contracts and forward exchange contracts, which have maturity dates rather than payment due dates.  See Note 10, “Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detailed information on these arrangements.  The level of the outstanding commitments will be impacted by financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to customers and suppliers, allowance for credit losses, bad debts, investments, financing operations, long-lived assets, taxes, other contingencies, and litigation.  Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which have formed the basis for making such judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Under different assumptions or conditions, actual results may differ from the recorded estimates.

A summary of critical accounting policies is listed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of the Form 10-K.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Risk Management

Market risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument.  These changes may be the result of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange prices, commodity prices, or equity prices.  Financial instruments that are subject to market risk can be classified either as held for trading or held for purposes other than trading.

The Company is subject to market risk primarily through the effect of changes in interest rates of its assets held for purposes other than trading.  The following discussion of interest rate risk, however, combines instruments held for trading and instruments held for purposes other than trading because the instruments held for trading represent such a small portion of the Company’s portfolio that the interest rate risk associated with them is immaterial.

Interest Rate Risk

In the banking industry, a major risk exposure is changing interest rates.  To minimize the effect of interest rate changes to net interest income and exposure levels to economic losses, the Company manages its exposure to changes in interest rates through asset and liability management within guidelines established by its Asset Liability Committee (ALCO) and approved by the Board.  The ALCO is responsible for approving and ensuring compliance with asset/liability management policies, including interest rate exposure.  The Company’s primary method for measuring and analyzing consolidated interest rate risk is the Net Interest Income Simulation Analysis.  The Company also uses a Net Portfolio Value model to measure market value risk under various rate change scenarios and a gap analysis to measure maturity and repricing relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities at specific points in time.  On a limited basis, the Company uses hedges such as swaps, rate floors, and futures contracts to manage interest rate risk on certain loans, securities, and trust preferred securities.  See further information in Note 11 “Derivatives and Hedging Activities” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Overall, the Company manages interest rate risk by positioning the balance sheet to maximize net interest income while maintaining an acceptable level of interest rate and credit risk, remaining mindful of the relationship among profitability, liquidity, interest rate risk, and credit risk.

Net Interest Income Modeling

The Company’s primary interest rate risk tool, the Net Interest Income Simulation Analysis, measures interest rate risk and the effect of interest rate changes on net interest income and net interest margin.  This analysis incorporates all of the Company’s assets and liabilities together with assumptions that reflect the current interest rate environment.  Through these simulations, management estimates the impact on net interest income of a 300 basis-point upward or a 100 basis point downward gradual change (e.g. ramp) and immediate change (e.g. shock) of market interest rates over a two year period.  In ramp scenarios, rates change gradually for a one-year period and remain constant in year two.  In shock scenarios, rates change immediately and the change is sustained for the remainder of the two-year scenario horizon.  Assumptions are made to project rates for new loans and deposits based on historical analysis, management outlook and repricing strategies.  Asset prepayments and other market risks are developed from industry estimates of prepayment speeds and other market changes.  The results of these simulations can be significantly influenced by assumptions utilized and management evaluates the sensitivity of the simulation results on a regular basis.

Table 11 shows the net interest income increase or decrease over the next two years as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 based on hypothetical changes in interest rates and a constant sized balance sheet with runoff being replaced.

Table 11

MARKET RISK (unaudited)

Hypothetical change in interest rate – Rate Ramp
Year One Year Two
September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020
Change in basis points Percentage<br><br><br>change Percentage<br><br><br>change Percentage<br><br><br>change Percentage<br><br><br>change
300 3.7 % 0.6 % 18.5 % 13.5 %
200 2.2 0.3 12.3 9.4
100 0.8 0.1 6.0 5.0
Static — — — —
(100) (2.3 ) (2.1 ) (8.9 ) (6.0 )
Hypothetical change in interest rate – Rate Shock
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Year One Year Two
September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020
Change in basis points Percentage<br><br><br>change Percentage<br><br><br>change Percentage<br><br><br>change Percentage<br><br><br>change
300 7.8 % 4.0 % 19.7 % 16.0 %
200 4.9 2.7 13.3 11.5
100 2.0 1.2 6.6 6.3
Static — — — —
(100) (5.3 ) (3.7 ) (11.4 ) (6.4 )

The Company is positioned slightly asset sensitive to changes in interest rates in the next year.  Net interest income is predicted to increase in all upward rate ramp and shock scenarios.  In down rate scenarios, income is predicted to decrease in all scenarios. The increase in net interest income in rising rate scenarios is due to the projections of yields on earning assets increasing more than the cost of paying liabilities.  In year two, net interest income is predicted to rise in all increasing rate scenarios and decrease in falling rate scenarios. The Company’s ability to price deposits in a rising rate environment consistent with our history is a key assumption in these scenarios.

Trading Account

The Company carries securities in a trading account that is maintained according to Board-approved policy and procedures.  The policy limits the amount and type of securities that can be carried in the trading account, requires compliance with any limits under applicable law and regulations, and mandates the use of a value-at-risk methodology to manage price volatility risks within financial parameters.  The risk associated with the carrying of trading securities is offset by utilizing financial instruments including exchange-traded financial futures as well as short sales of U.S. Treasury and Corporate securities.  The trading securities and related hedging instruments are marked-to-market daily.  The trading account had a balance of $68.9 million as of September 30, 2021, $35.0 million as of December 31, 2020, and $49.2 million as of September 30, 2020.  Securities sold not yet purchased (i.e. short positions) totaled $2.3 million at September 30, 2021, $2.2 million as of December 31, 2020, and $2.5 million at September 30, 2020 and are classified within the Other liabilities line of the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company is subject to market risk primarily through the effect of changes in interest rates of its assets held for purposes other than trading.  The discussion in Table 11 above of interest rate risk, however, combines instruments held for trading and instruments held for purposes other than trading, because the instruments held for trading represent such a small portion of the Company’s portfolio that the interest rate risk associated with them is immaterial.

Other Market Risk

The Company has minimal foreign currency risk as a result of foreign exchange contracts.  See Note 10 “Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees” in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Credit Risk Management

Credit risk represents the risk that a customer or counterparty may not perform in accordance with contractual terms.  The Company utilizes a centralized credit administration function, which provides information on the Bank’s risk levels, delinquencies, an internal ranking system and overall credit exposure.  Loan requests are centrally reviewed to ensure the consistent application of the loan policy and standards.  In addition, the Company has an internal loan review staff that operates independently of the Bank.  This review team performs periodic examinations of the Bank’s loans for credit quality, documentation and loan administration.  The respective regulatory authorities governing the Bank also review loan portfolios.

A primary indicator of credit quality and risk management is the level of nonperforming loans.  Nonperforming loans include both nonaccrual loans and restructured loans on nonaccrual.  The Company’s nonperforming loans increased $2.8 million to $96.5 million at September 30, 2021, compared to September 30, 2020, and increased $8.7 million, compared to December 31, 2020.

The Company had $1.1 million, $5.7 million, and $4.7 million of other real estate owned as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Loans past due more than 90 days and still accruing interest totaled $2.3 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $1.4 million at September 30, 2020 and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2020.

A loan is generally placed on nonaccrual status when payments are past due 90 days or more and/or when management has considerable doubt about the borrower’s ability to repay on the terms originally contracted.  The accrual of interest is discontinued and recorded thereafter only when received in cash.

Certain loans are restructured to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal due to deterioration in the financial condition of the respective borrowers. The Company had $7.5 million of restructured loans at September 30, 2021, $11.7 million at September 30, 2020, and $10.8 million at December 31, 2020.  Those loans modified as part of the Company’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic are not considered to be restructured loans and are discussed further below.

Table 12

LOAN QUALITY (unaudited, dollars in thousands)

September 30, December 31,
2021 2020 2020
Nonaccrual loans $ 89,274 $ 82,837 $ 77,764
Restructured loans on nonaccrual 7,262 10,858 10,059
Total nonperforming loans 96,536 93,695 87,823
Other real estate owned 1,050 5,678 4,740
Total nonperforming assets $ 97,586 $ 99,373 $ 92,563
Loans past due 90 days or more $ 2,319 $ 1,372 $ 1,952
Restructured loans accruing 273 800 706
Allowance for credit losses on loans 194,156 211,688 215,973
Ratios:
Nonperforming loans as a percent of loans 0.59 % 0.59 % 0.55 %
Nonperforming assets as a percent of loans plus other real estate owned 0.59 0.62 0.57
Nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets 0.26 0.33 0.28
Loans past due 90 days or more as a percent of loans 0.01 0.01 0.01
Allowance for credit losses on loans as a percent of loans 1.18 1.33 1.34
Allowance for credit losses on loans as a multiple of nonperforming loans 2.01x 2.26x 2.46x

COVID-19 Loan Modifications

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has taken two primary approaches in assisting our customers by modifying terms of existing loans and loans under the PPP.  The Company has taken a proactive approach to assisting its borrowers through individual evaluation and broad-based programs.  Modifications granted to borrowers have been payment deferrals taking the form of either full payment deferral or interest-only payments.  Based on the circumstances of the borrower, payments have been deferred either 90 days, with the option to extend, or 180 days.  Consistent with the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus, modifications granted to borrowers that are related to COVID-19 are not required to be evaluated as TDRs under ASC 310-40.  These modified loans are classified as performing and are not considered past due.  Loans are to be placed on non-accrual when it becomes apparent that payment of interest or recovery of all principal is questionable, and the COVID-19 related modification is no longer considered short-term or the modification is deemed ineffective.  As of September 30, 2021, one modified loan was on nonaccrual, totaling $6.2 million.  Any loans modified are segmented separately with specific prepayment and maturity assumptions within the Company’s ACL.  As of September 30, 2021, the Company had 21 COVID-19 related modifications remaining on loans with a total balance of $7.2 million, compared to 136 loans with a total balance of $67.6 million as of December 31, 2020. Within the Company’s non-credit card loan portfolios, over 1,400 loan modifications have been made since the COVID-19 pandemic began.  Of these loan modifications, approximately 99.5% of loans have resumed making principal or interest payments as of September 30, 2021.  There have been no charge-offs on modified loans.  See further discussion of the impacts of COVID-19 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements in “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity represents the Company’s ability to meet financial commitments through the maturity and sale of existing assets or availability of additional funds.  The Company believes that the most important factor in the preservation of liquidity is maintaining public confidence that facilitates the retention and growth of a large, stable supply of core deposits and wholesale funds.  Ultimately, the Company believes public confidence is generated through profitable operations, sound credit quality and a strong capital position.  The primary source of liquidity for the Company is regularly scheduled payments on and maturity of assets, which include $11.2 billion of high-quality securities available for sale as of September 30, 2021.  The liquidity of the Company and the Bank is also enhanced

by its activity in the federal funds market and by its core deposits.  Additionally, management believes it can raise debt or equity capital on favorable terms in the future, should the need arise.

Another factor affecting liquidity is the amount of deposits and customer repurchase agreements that have pledging requirements.  All customer repurchase agreements require collateral in the form of a security.  The U.S. Government, other public entities, and certain trust depositors require the Company to pledge securities if their deposit balances are greater than the FDIC-insured deposit limitations.  These pledging requirements affect liquidity risk in that the related security cannot otherwise be disposed of due to the pledging restriction.  At September 30, 2021, $8.0 billion, or 71.9%, of the securities available-for-sale were pledged or used as collateral, compared to $7.8 billion, or 84.1%, at December 31, 2020.  However, of these amounts, securities with a market value of $181.8 million at September 30, 2021 and $371.5 million at December 31, 2020 were pledged at the Federal Reserve Discount Window but were unencumbered as of those dates.

The Company also has other commercial commitments that may impact liquidity.  These commitments include unused commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees, and commercial letters of credit.  The total amount of these commercial commitments at September 30, 2021 was $13.9 billion.  Since many of these commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total amount of these commercial commitments does not necessarily represent the future cash requirements of the Company.

The Company’s cash requirements consist primarily of dividends to shareholders, debt service, operating expenses, and treasury stock purchases.  Management fees and dividends received from bank and non-bank subsidiaries traditionally have been sufficient to satisfy these requirements and are expected to be sufficient in the future.  The Bank is subject to various rules regarding payment of dividends to the Company.  For the most part, the Bank can pay dividends at least equal to its current year’s earnings without seeking prior regulatory approval.  The Company also uses cash to inject capital into its bank and non-bank subsidiaries to maintain adequate capital as well as fund strategic initiatives.

In September 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate subordinated notes due in September 2030.  The Company received $197.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, and used the proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including, among other uses, contributing Tier 1 capital into the Bank.  The subordinated notes were issued with a fixed-to-fixed rate of 3.70% and an effective rate of 3.93%, due to issuance costs, with an interest rate reset date of September 2025.

To enhance general working capital needs, the Company has a revolving line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., which allows the Company to borrow up to $30.0 million for general working capital purposes.  The interest rate applied to borrowed balances will be at the Company’s option, either 1.25% above LIBOR or 1.75% below the prime rate on the date of an advance.  The Company pays a 0.4% unused commitment fee for unused portions of the line of credit.  The Company had no advances outstanding as of September 30, 2021.

The Company is a member bank of the FHLB.  The Company owns $10.0 million of FHLB stock and has access to additional liquidity and funding sources through FHLB advances.  Additionally, the Company has access to borrow up to $1.6 billion through advances at the FHLB of Des Moines but had no outstanding FHLB Des Moines advances as of September 30, 2021.

Operational Risk

Operational risk generally refers to the risk of loss resulting from the Company’s operations, including those operations performed for the Company by third parties.  This would include but is not limited to the risk of fraud by employees or persons outside the Company, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees or others, errors relating to transaction processing, breaches of the internal control system and compliance requirements, and unplanned interruptions in service.  This risk of loss also includes the potential legal or regulatory actions that could arise as a result of an operational deficiency, or as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulatory standards.  The Company must comply with a number of legal and regulatory requirements.

The Company operates in many markets and relies on the ability of its employees and systems to properly process a high number of transactions.  In the event of a breakdown in internal control systems, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions, the Company could suffer financial loss, face regulatory action and suffer damage to its reputation.  In order to address this risk, management maintains a system of internal controls with the objective of providing proper transaction authorization and execution, safeguarding of assets from misuse or theft, and ensuring the reliability of financial and other data.

The Company maintains systems of internal controls that provide management with timely and accurate information about the Company’s operations.  These systems have been designed to manage operational risk at appropriate levels given the Company’s financial strength, the environment in which it operates, and considering factors such as competition and regulation.  The Company has also established procedures that are designed to ensure that policies relating to conduct, ethics, and business practices are followed on a uniform basis.  In certain cases, the Company has experienced losses from operational risk.  Such losses have included the effects of operational errors that the Company has discovered and included as expense in the statement of income.  While there can be no assurance that the Company will not suffer such losses in the future, management continually monitors and works to improve its internal controls, systems, and corporate-wide processes and procedures.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, requires the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer to make certain certifications under this Form 10-Q with respect to the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.  The Company has a Code of Ethics that expresses the values that drive employee behavior and maintains the Company’s commitment to the highest standards of ethics.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q.  Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective for ensuring that the Company’s SEC filings are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period required and that information required to be disclosed by the Company is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are named defendants in various legal proceedings.  In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, none of these lawsuits are expected to have a materially adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There were no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in response to Item 1A to Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) of our common stock during the three-month period ended September 30, 2021.

ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period (a)<br><br><br>Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (b)<br><br><br>Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) (c)<br><br><br>Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (d)<br><br><br>Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 - July 31, 2021 2,035 $ 88.76 2,035 1,997,617
August 1 - August 31, 2021 — — — 1,997,617
September 1 - September 30, 2021 — — — 1,997,617
Total 2,035 $ 88.76 2,035

On April 27, 2021, the Company announced a plan to repurchase up to two million shares of common stock, which will terminate on April 26, 2022 (a Repurchase Authorization). The Company has not made any repurchases other than through this Repurchase Authorization.  All share purchases pursuant to the Repurchase Authorizations are intended to be within the scope of Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Exchange Act.  Rule 10b-18 provides a safe harbor for purchases in a given day if the Company satisfies the manner, timing and volume conditions of the rule when purchasing its own shares of common stock.

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS

3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 and filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006).
3.2 Bylaws, amended as of October 28, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 and filed with the Commission on August 2, 2016).
31.1 CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act filed herewith.
31.2 CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act filed herewith.
32.1 CEO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act filed herewith.
32.2 CFO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act filed herewith.
101.INS XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document filed herewith.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Document filed herewith.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document filed herewith.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document filed herewith.
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document filed herewith.
104 The cover page of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in iXBRL.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION
/s/ David C. Odgers
David C. Odgers
Chief Accounting Officer
Date:  October 28, 2021

85

umbf-ex311_9.htm

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, J. Mariner Kemper, certify that:

  1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of, and for the period ended September 30, 2021 of UMB Financial Corporation;

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

  1. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 28, 2021
/s/ J. Mariner Kemper
J. Mariner Kemper
Chief Executive Officer

umbf-ex312_8.htm

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Ram Shankar, certify that:

  1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of, and for the period ended September 30, 2021 of UMB Financial Corporation;

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

  1. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 28, 2021
/s/ Ram Shankar
Ram Shankar
Chief Financial Officer

umbf-ex321_7.htm

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of, and for the period ended September 30, 2021, of UMB Financial Corporation (the Company) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, J. Mariner Kemper, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
--- ---
Dated: October 28, 2021
---
/s/ J. Mariner Kemper
J. Mariner Kemper
Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to UMB Financial Corporation and will be retained by UMB Financial Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

umbf-ex322_6.htm

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of, and for the period ended September 30, 2021, of UMB Financial Corporation (the Company) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ram Shankar, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
--- ---
Dated:  October 28, 2021
---
/s/ Ram Shankar
Ram Shankar
Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to UMB Financial Corporation and will be retained by UMB Financial Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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