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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022 or

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________to__________.

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-26489

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	48-1090909
(State or other jurisdiction of<br>incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer<br>Identification No.)

350 Camino De La Reina, Suite 100

San Diego, California 92108

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(877) 445 - 4581

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Not Applicable)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

_______________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Per Share	ECPG	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at July 28, 2022
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	23,880,577 shares

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ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

	Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1— Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition	3
Consolidated Statements of Income	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
Consolidated Statements of Equity	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Note 1: Ownership, Description of Business, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9
Note 2: Earnings Per Share	10
Note 3: Fair Value Measurements	10
Note 4: Derivatives and Hedging Instruments	12
Note 5: Investment in Receivable Portfolios, Net	14
Note 6: Other Assets	16
Note 7: Borrowings	17
Note 8: Variable Interest Entities	20
Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	20
Note 10: Income Taxes	21
Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies	21
Note 12: Segment and Geographic Information	22
Note 13: Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets	23
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	47
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	48
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A – Risk Factors	48
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 6 – Exhibits	49
SIGNATURES	50

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1— Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(In Thousands, Except Par Value Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	June 30,<br>2022		December 31,<br>2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	154,295	$	189,645
Investment in receivable portfolios, net	3,035,123		3,065,553
Property and equipment, net	109,591		119,857
Other assets	336,265		335,275
Goodwill	824,210		897,795
Total assets	$	4,459,484	$	4,608,125
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	201,168	$	229,586
Borrowings	2,793,009		2,997,331
Other liabilities	233,707		195,947
Total liabilities	3,227,884		3,422,864
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)
Equity:
Convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 75,000 shares authorized, 23,989 and 24,541 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	240		245
Additional paid-in capital	—		—
Accumulated earnings	1,349,937		1,238,564
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(118,577)		(53,548)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,231,600		1,185,261
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	4,459,484	$	4,608,125

The following table presents certain assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) included in the consolidated statements of financial condition above. Most assets in the table below include those assets that can only be used to settle obligations of consolidated VIEs. The liabilities exclude amounts where creditors or beneficial interest holders have recourse to the general credit of the Company. See “Note 8: Variable Interest Entities” for additional information on the Company’s VIEs.

	June 30,<br>2022		December 31,<br>2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,130	$	1,927
Investment in receivable portfolios, net	452,013		498,507
Other assets	3,545		3,452
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	159		105
Borrowings	426,108		473,443
Other liabilities	17		10

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Income

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues
Revenue from receivable portfolios	$	306,282	$	328,150	$	610,387	$	666,168
Changes in recoveries	25,150		66,178		192,373		110,715
Total debt purchasing revenue	331,432		394,328		802,760		776,883
Servicing revenue	23,788		32,064		49,934		64,580
Other revenues	1,697		1,343		3,905		3,109
Total revenues	356,917		427,735		856,599		844,572
Operating expenses
Salaries and employee benefits	98,880		97,774		195,836		194,230
Cost of legal collections	55,148		66,900		110,865		134,042
General and administrative expenses	34,967		34,823		68,501		66,971
Other operating expenses	27,405		28,228		54,432		56,669
Collection agency commissions	9,923		13,677		19,528		26,501
Depreciation and amortization	11,646		12,046		23,475		23,558
Total operating expenses	237,969		253,448		472,637		501,971
Income from operations	118,948		174,287		383,962		342,601
Other expense
Interest expense	(37,054)		(44,159)		(71,687)		(90,685)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		(9,300)		—		(9,300)
Other income	1,795		566		2,187		511
Total other expense	(35,259)		(52,893)		(69,500)		(99,474)
Income before income taxes	83,689		121,394		314,462		243,127
Provision for income taxes	(23,250)		(24,607)		(78,274)		(51,575)
Net income	60,439		96,787		236,188		191,552
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		(284)		—		(419)
Net income attributable to Encore Capital Group, Inc. stockholders	$	60,439	$	96,503	$	236,188	$	191,133
Earnings per share attributable to Encore Capital Group, Inc.:
Basic	$	2.48	$	3.12	$	9.63	$	6.13
Diluted	$	2.29	$	3.07	$	8.77	$	6.04
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	24,359		30,909		24,539		31,187
Diluted	26,411		31,415		26,945		31,622

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited, In Thousands)

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	60,439	$	96,787	$	236,188	$	191,552
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments:
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments	6,847		2,055		22,439		3,816
Income tax effect	(1,711)		(502)		(5,409)		(880)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax	5,136		1,553		17,030		2,936
Change in foreign currency translation:
Unrealized (loss) gain on foreign currency translation	(59,805)		3,947		(82,059)		6,837
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:	(54,669)		5,500		(65,029)		9,773
Comprehensive income	5,770		102,287		171,159		201,325
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		(284)		—		(419)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation	—		1		—		—
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest:	—		(283)		—		(419)
Comprehensive income attributable to Encore Capital Group, Inc. stockholders	$	5,770	$	102,004	$	171,159	$	200,906

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Unaudited, In Thousands)

		Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
		Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares		Par
Balance as of March 31, 2022		24,361		$	244	$	—	$	1,310,039	$	(63,908)	$	—	$	1,246,375
Net income		—		—		—		60,439		—		—		60,439
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		—		(54,669)		—		(54,669)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		52		1		272		—		—		—		273
Repurchase of common stock		(424)		(5)		(4,597)		(20,541)		—		—		(25,143)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		5,119		—		—		—		5,119
Other		—		—		(794)		—		—		—		(794)
Balance as of June 30, 2022		23,989		$	240	$	—	$	1,349,937	$	(118,577)	$	—	$	1,231,600				Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
		Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares		Par
Balance as of March 31, 2021		31,010		$	310	$	167,655	$	1,172,756	$	(64,541)	$	2,604	$	1,278,784
Net income		—		—		—		96,503		—		284		96,787
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		—		—		—		—		5,501		(1)		5,500
Purchase of noncontrolling interest		—		—		(2,669)		—		—		(2,887)		(5,556)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		8		—		215		—		—		—		215
Repurchase of common stock		(605)		(6)		(27,025)		—		—		—		(27,031)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		5,651		—		—		—		5,651
Balance as of June 30, 2021		30,413		$	304	$	143,827	$	1,269,259	$	(59,040)	$	—	$	1,354,350				Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
		Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares		Par
Balance as of December 31, 2021		24,541		$	245	$	—	$	1,238,564	$	(53,548)	$	—	$	1,185,261
Net income		—		—		—		236,188		—		—		236,188
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		—		(65,029)		—		(65,029)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		272		4		(3,649)		(7,434)		—		—		(11,079)
Repurchase of common stock		(824)		(9)		(4,597)		(46,229)		—		—		(50,835)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		9,040		—		—		—		9,040
Settlement of convertible senior notes		—		—		—		(71,152)		—		—		(71,152)
Other		—		—		(794)		—		—		—		(794)
Balance as of June 30, 2022		23,989		$	240	$	—	$	1,349,937	$	(118,577)	$	—	$	1,231,600

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		Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
		Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares		Par
Balance as of December 31, 2020		31,345		$	313	$	230,440	$	1,055,668	$	(68,813)	$	2,468	$	1,220,076
Cumulative adjustment		—		—		(40,372)		22,458		—		—		(17,914)
Net income		—		—		—		191,133		—		419		191,552
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—		9,773		—		9,773
Purchase of noncontrolling interest		—		—		(2,669)		—		—		(2,887)		(5,556)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		191		2		(5,218)		—		—		—		(5,216)
Repurchase of common stock		(1,123)		(11)		(47,410)		—		—		—		(47,421)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		9,056		—		—		—		9,056
Balance as of June 30, 2021		30,413		$	304	$	143,827	$	1,269,259	$	(59,040)	$	—	$	1,354,350

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, In Thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Operating activities:
Net income	$	236,188	$	191,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	23,475		23,558
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		9,300
Other non-cash interest expense, net	8,149		9,403
Stock-based compensation expense	9,040		9,056
Deferred income taxes	3,699		(5,097)
Changes in recoveries	(192,373)		(110,715)
Other, net	9,267		12,006
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Other assets	39,037		60,880
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities	(37,952)		(50,978)
Net cash provided by operating activities	98,530		148,965
Investing activities:
Purchases of receivable portfolios, net of put-backs	(337,932)		(306,549)
Collections applied to investment in receivable portfolios	406,738		552,720
Purchases of asset held for sale	(35,178)		(3,639)
Purchases of property and equipment	(11,937)		(10,351)
Other, net	13,416		8,516
Net cash provided by investing activities	35,107		240,697
Financing activities:
Proceeds from credit facilities	446,853		358,063
Repayment of credit facilities	(298,743)		(511,200)
Proceeds from senior secured notes	—		353,747
Repayment of senior secured notes	(19,540)		(339,585)
Repayment of convertible senior notes	(221,153)		(161,000)
Repurchase of common stock	(50,835)		(47,421)
Other, net	(12,182)		(22,251)
Net cash used in financing activities	(155,600)		(369,647)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(21,963)		20,015
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(13,387)		(10,683)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	189,645		189,184
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	154,295	$	198,516
Supplemental disclosure of cash information:
Cash paid for interest	$	64,366	$	69,152
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds	44,671		24,273

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1: Ownership, Description of Business, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Encore Capital Group, Inc. (“Encore”), through its subsidiaries (collectively with Encore, the “Company”), is an international specialty finance company providing debt recovery solutions and other related services for consumers across a broad range of financial assets. The Company purchases portfolios of defaulted consumer receivables at deep discounts to face value and manages them by working with individuals as they repay their obligations and work toward financial recovery. Defaulted receivables are consumers’ unpaid financial obligations to credit originators, including banks, credit unions, consumer finance companies and commercial retailers. Defaulted receivables may also include receivables subject to bankruptcy proceedings. The Company also provides debt servicing and other portfolio management services to credit originators for non-performing loans in Europe.

Through Midland Credit Management, Inc. and its domestic affiliates (collectively, “MCM”), the Company is a market leader in portfolio purchasing and recovery in the United States. Through Cabot Credit Management Limited (“CCM”) and its subsidiaries and European affiliates (collectively, “Cabot”), the Company is one of the largest credit management services providers in Europe and a market leader in the United Kingdom. These are the Company’s primary operations.

The Company also has investments and operations in Latin America and Asia-Pacific, which the Company refers to as “LAAP.”

Financial Statement Preparation and Presentation

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without audit, in accordance with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of its consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in the Company’s financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP and reflect the accounts and operations of the Company and those of its subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company also consolidates variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance, and (b) either the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits. Refer to “Note 8: Variable Interest Entities” for further details. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Translation of Foreign Currencies

The financial statements of certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using their local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates in effect during each period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income or loss. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates, except for the change in retained earnings during the year which is the result of the income statement translation process. Intercompany transaction gains or losses at each period end arising from subsequent measurement of balances for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future are included as translation adjustments and recorded within other comprehensive income or loss. Translation gains or losses are the material components of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and are reclassified to earnings upon the substantial sale or liquidation of investments in foreign operations.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

There have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in our Annual Report, that have significance, or potential significance, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 2: Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to Encore by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock-based awards, and the dilutive effect of the convertible and exchangeable senior notes, if applicable.

On August 12, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a $50.0 million share repurchase program. On May 5, 2021, the Company announced that the Board of Directors had approved an increase in the size of the repurchase program from $50.0 million to $300.0 million (an increase of $250.0 million). Repurchases under this program are expected to be made with cash on hand and may be made from time to time, subject to market conditions and other factors, in the open market, through private transactions, block transactions, or other methods as determined by the Company’s management and Board of Directors, and in accordance with market conditions, other corporate considerations, and applicable regulatory requirements. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company’s discretion. The Company continues to repurchase its common stock under this program. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 424,091 and 823,613 shares of its common stock for approximately $25.1 million and $50.7 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company repurchased 604,995 and 1,122,855 shares of its common stock for approximately $27.0 million and $47.4 million, respectively. The Company’s practice is to retire the shares repurchased.

A reconciliation of shares used in calculating earnings per basic and diluted shares follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income attributable to Encore Capital Group, Inc. stockholders	$	60,439	$	96,503	$	236,188	$	191,133
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding	24,359		30,909		24,539		31,187
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards	256		307		398		335
Dilutive effect of convertible and exchangeable senior notes	1,796		199		2,008		100
Total weighted-average dilutive shares outstanding	26,411		31,415		26,945		31,622
Basic earnings per share	$	2.48	$	3.12	$	9.63	$	6.13
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.29	$	3.07	$	8.77	$	6.04

There were no anti-dilutive employee stock options outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. Anti-dilutive employee stock options outstanding were zero and approximately 7,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

Note 3: Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the “exit price”). The Company uses a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of each level:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs, including inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

Financial Instruments Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rate cap contracts	$	—	$	18,658	$	—	$	18,658
Liabilities
Cross-currency swap agreements	—		(42,018)		—		(42,018)
Contingent consideration	—		—		(2,568)		(2,568)				Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rate cap contracts	$	—	$	3,541	$	—	$	3,541
Liabilities
Cross-currency swap agreements	—		(16,902)		—		(16,902)
Contingent consideration	—		—		(5,218)		(5,218)

Derivative Contracts:

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Fair values of these derivative instruments are estimated using industry standard valuation models. These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign currency exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for currencies.

Contingent Consideration:

The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of contingent consideration for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	2,957
Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with purchase of noncontrolling interest	2,913
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(388)
Payment of contingent consideration	(180)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(84)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	5,218
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	794
Payment of contingent consideration	(2,813)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(631)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	2,568

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurement:

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include real estate-owned assets classified as held for sale at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. The fair value of the assets held for sale and estimated selling expenses were determined at the time of initial recognition and in each reporting period using Level 3 measurements based on appraised values using market comparables. The fair value estimate of the assets held for sale was approximately $69.0 million and $44.6 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Financial Instruments Not Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

The table below summarizes fair value estimates for the Company's financial instruments that are not required to be carried at fair value. The total of the fair value calculations presented does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

The carrying amounts in the following table are included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets
Investment in receivable portfolios, net	$	3,035,123	$	3,339,365	$	3,065,553	$	3,416,926
Financial Liabilities
Convertible senior notes due March 2022(1)	—		—		150,000		195,009
Exchangeable senior notes due September 2023	172,500		239,049		172,500		257,782
Convertible senior notes due October 2025	100,000		152,268		100,000		165,887
Senior secured notes(2)	1,465,192		1,354,150		1,606,327		1,652,246
Encore private placement notes	87,930		84,389		107,470		108,652

_______________________

(1)The 2022 Convertible Senior Notes matured on March 15, 2022 and the Company repaid the notes in cash.

(2)Carrying amount represents historical cost, adjusted for any related debt discount or debt premium.

Investment in Receivable Portfolios:

The fair value of investment in receivable portfolios is measured using Level 3 inputs by discounting the estimated future cash flows generated by the Company’s proprietary forecasting models. The key inputs include the estimated future gross cash flow, average cost to collect, and discount rate. The determination of such inputs requires significant judgment, including assessing the assumed market participant’s cost structure, its determination of whether to include fixed costs in its valuation, its collection strategies, and determining the appropriate weighted average cost of capital. The Company evaluates the use of these key inputs on an ongoing basis and refines the data as it continues to obtain better information from market participants in the debt recovery and purchasing business.

Borrowings:

The Company’s convertible notes, exchangeable notes, senior secured notes and private placement notes are carried at historical cost, adjusted for the applicable debt discount. The fair value estimate for the convertible and exchangeable notes incorporates quoted market prices using Level 2 inputs. The fair value of the senior secured notes and private placement notes is estimated using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analyses using available market information on discount and borrowing rates with similar terms, maturities, and credit ratings. Accordingly, the Company used Level 2 inputs for these debt instrument fair value estimates.

The carrying value of the Company’s senior secured revolving credit facility and securitisation senior facility approximates fair value due to the use of current market rates that are repriced frequently.

Note 4: Derivatives and Hedging Instruments

The Company may periodically enter into derivative financial instruments to manage risks related to interest rates and foreign currency. Certain of the Company’s derivative financial instruments qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

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The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments as recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

		June 30, 2022					December 31, 2021
	Balance Sheet Location		Fair Value			Balance Sheet Location		Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate cap contracts		Other assets		$	18,658		Other assets		$	3,541
Cross-currency swap agreements		Other liabilities		(42,018)			Other liabilities		(16,902)

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company may periodically enter into interest rate swap agreements to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable interest rate debt and their impact on earnings and cash flows. Under the swap agreements, the Company receives floating interest rate payments and makes interest payments based on fixed interest rates. The Company historically designated its interest rate swap instruments as cash flow hedges. As of June 30, 2022, there were no interest rate swap agreements.

The Company also uses interest rate cap contracts to manage its risk related to the interest rate fluctuations in its variable interest rate bearing debt. As of June 30, 2022, the Company held two interest rate cap contracts with a notional amount of approximately $845.3 million. The interest rate cap hedging the fluctuations in three-month EURIBOR floating rate debt (“2019 Cap”) has a notional amount of €400.0 million (approximately $419.2 million based on an exchange rate of $1.00 to €0.95, the exchange rate as of June 30, 2022) and matures in June 2024. The interest rate cap hedging the fluctuations in sterling overnight index average (“SONIA”) bearing debt (“2021 Cap”) has a notional amount of £350.0 million (approximately $426.1 million based on an exchange rate of $1.00 to £0.82, the exchange rate as of June 30, 2022) and matures in September 2024. The Company expects the hedge relationships to be highly effective and designates the 2019 Cap and 2021 Cap as cash flow hedge instruments. The Company expects to reclassify approximately $4.0 million of net derivative gain from OCI into earnings relating to interest rate caps within the next 12 months.

The Company uses cross-currency swap agreements to manage foreign currency exchange risk by converting fixed-rate Euro-denominated borrowings including periodic interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity to fixed-rate USD debt. The cross-currency swap agreements are accounted for as cash flow hedges. As of June 30, 2022, there were four cross-currency swap agreements outstanding with a total notional amount of €350.0 million (approximately $366.8 million based on an exchange rate of $1.00 to €0.95, the exchange rate as of June 30, 2022). The Company expects to reclassify approximately $6.3 million of net derivative loss from OCI into earnings relating to cross-currency swaps within the next 12 months.

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The following tables summarize the effects of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships designated as hedging instruments in the Company’s consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI					Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income (Loss)		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021				2022			2021
Interest rate swap agreements		$	—		$	(37)	Interest expense		$	—		$	(2,268)
Interest rate cap contracts		6,587			(127)		Interest expense		(183)			(109)
Cross-currency swap agreements		(22,435)			3,506		Interest expense		(2,136)			(865)
Cross-currency swap agreements							Other (expense) income		(20,376)			4,529
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI					Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income (Loss)		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income (Loss)
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021				2022			2021
Interest rate swap agreements		$	—		$	(48)	Interest expense		$	—		$	(4,539)
Interest rate cap contracts		16,350			68		Interest expense		(353)			(216)
Cross-currency swap agreements		(28,839)			(14,823)		Interest expense		(3,723)			(2,275)
Cross-currency swap agreements							Other expense		(30,852)			(11,589)

Note 5: Investment in Receivable Portfolios, Net

The Company’s purchased portfolios of loans are grossed-up to their face value with an offsetting allowance and noncredit discount allocated to the individual receivables as the unit of account is at the individual loan level. Since each loan is deeply delinquent and deemed uncollectible at the individual loan level, the Company applies its charge-off policy and fully writes-off the amortized costs (i.e., face value net of noncredit discount) of the individual receivables immediately after purchasing the portfolio. The Company then records a negative allowance that represents the present value of all expected future recoveries for pools of receivables that share similar risk characteristics using a discounted cash flow approach, which ultimately equals the amount paid for a portfolio purchase and presented as “Investment in receivable portfolios, net” in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition. The discount rate is an effective interest rate (or “purchase EIR”) based on the purchase price of the portfolio and the expected future cash flows at the time of purchase.

Receivable portfolio purchases are aggregated into pools based on similar risk characteristics. Examples of risk characteristics include financial asset type, collateral type, size, interest rate, date of origination, term, and geographic location. The Company’s static pools are typically grouped into credit card, purchased consumer bankruptcy, and mortgage portfolios. The Company further groups these static pools by geographic location. Once a pool is established, the portfolios will remain in the designated pool unless the underlying risk characteristics change. The purchase EIR of a pool will not change over the life of the pool even if expected future cash flows change.

Revenue is recognized for each static pool over the economic life of the pool. Debt purchasing revenue includes two components:

(1)     Revenue from receivable portfolios, which is the accretion of the discount on the negative allowance due to the passage of time (generally the portfolio balance multiplied by the EIR) and also includes all revenue from zero basis portfolio (“ZBA”) collections, and

(2)     Changes in recoveries, which includes

(a)     Recoveries above or below forecast, which is the difference between (i) actual cash collected/recovered during the current period and (ii) expected cash recoveries for the current period, which generally represents over or under performance for the period; and

(b)     Changes in expected future recoveries, which is the present value change of expected future recoveries, where such change generally results from (i) collections “pulled forward from” or “pushed out to” future periods (i.e.

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amounts either collected early or expected to be collected later) and (ii) magnitude and timing changes to estimates of expected future collections (which can be increases or decreases).

The Company measures expected future recoveries based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Both internal and external factors may have an impact on expected future recoveries. Internal factors include operational performance, such as capacity and the productivity of our collection staff. External factors include new laws or regulations, new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, and macroeconomic conditions.

The following table summarizes the changes in the balance of investment in receivable portfolios, net during the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,137,386	$	3,225,678	$	3,065,553	$	3,291,918
Purchases of receivable portfolios (1)	173,007		142,728		342,512		312,906
Collections applied to investment in receivable portfolios, net (2)	(191,429)		(284,277)		(406,738)		(552,720)
Changes in recoveries (3)	25,150		66,178		192,373		110,715
Put-backs and Recalls	(1,373)		(3,204)		(4,580)		(6,357)
Disposals and transfers to assets held for sale	(1,856)		(2,647)		(3,832)		(4,312)
Foreign currency adjustments	(105,762)		9,545		(150,165)		1,851
Balance, end of period	$	3,035,123	$	3,154,001	$	3,035,123	$	3,154,001

_______________________

(1)The table below provides the detail on the establishment of negative allowance for expected recoveries of portfolios purchased during the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Purchase price	$	173,007	$	142,728	$	342,512	$	312,906
Allowance for credit losses	768,932		350,537		1,119,118		725,112
Amortized cost	941,939		493,265		1,461,630		1,038,018
Noncredit discount	907,249		658,358		1,564,307		1,442,470
Face value	1,849,188		1,151,623		3,025,937		2,480,488
Write-off of amortized cost	(941,939)		(493,265)		(1,461,630)		(1,038,018)
Write-off of noncredit discount	(907,249)		(658,358)		(1,564,307)		(1,442,470)
Negative allowance	173,007		142,728		342,512		312,906
Negative allowance for expected recoveries - current period purchases	$	173,007	$	142,728	$	342,512	$	312,906

(2)Collections applied to investment in receivable portfolios, net, is calculated as follows during the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cash Collections	$	497,711	$	612,427	$	1,017,125	$	1,218,888
Less - amounts classified to revenue from receivable portfolios	(306,282)		(328,150)		(610,387)		(666,168)
Collections applied to investment in receivable portfolios, net	$	191,429	$	284,277	$	406,738	$	552,720

(3)Changes in recoveries is calculated as follows during the periods presented, where recoveries include cash collections, put-backs and recalls, and other cash-based adjustments:

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	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Recoveries above forecast	$	9,935	$	109,396	$	56,287	$	200,797
Changes in expected future recoveries	15,215		(43,218)		136,086		(90,082)
Changes in recoveries	$	25,150	$	66,178	$	192,373	$	110,715

Recoveries above or below forecast represent over and under-performance in the reporting period, respectively. Collections during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 outperformed the projected cash flows by approximately $9.9 million and $56.3 million, respectively. The Company believes the collection over-performance was a result of its sustained improvements in portfolio collections driven by change in consumer behavior and the Company’s liquidation improvement initiatives.

When reassessing the forecasts of expected lifetime recoveries during the three months ended June 30, 2022, management considered historical and current collection performance, and believes that for certain static pools sustained collections over-performance resulted in increased total expected recoveries. As a result, the Company has updated its forecast, resulting in a net increase of total estimated remaining collections which in turn, when discounted to present value, resulted in a positive change in expected future period recoveries of approximately $15.2 million and $136.1 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded approximately $43.2 million and $90.1 million, respectively, in negative change in expected future period recoveries.

Note 6: Other Assets

Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,<br>2022		December 31,<br>2021
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	78,402	$	68,812
Real estate owned	68,960		44,640
Deferred tax assets	46,362		51,451
Identifiable intangible assets, net	29,374		36,320
Prepaid expenses	25,104		26,943
Derivative instruments	18,658		3,541
Service fee receivables	16,212		22,610
Income tax deposits	—		19,315
Other	53,193		61,643
Total	$	336,265	$	335,275

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Note 7: Borrowings

The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all covenants under its financing arrangements as of June 30, 2022. The components of the Company’s consolidated borrowings were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,<br>2022		December 31,<br>2021
Global senior secured revolving credit facility	$	546,612	$	406,635
Encore private placement notes	87,930		107,470
Senior secured notes	1,471,371		1,613,739
Convertible notes and exchangeable notes	272,500		422,500
Cabot securitisation senior facility	426,108		473,443
Other	29,992		24,889
Finance lease liabilities	8,800		7,005
	2,843,313		3,055,681
Less: debt discount and issuance costs, net of amortization	(50,304)		(58,350)
Total	$	2,793,009	$	2,997,331

Encore is the parent of the restricted group for the Global Senior Facility, the Senior Secured Notes and the Encore Private Placement Notes, each of which is guaranteed by the same group of material Encore subsidiaries and secured by the same collateral, which represents substantially all of the assets of those subsidiaries.

Global Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility

In September 2020, the Company entered into a multi-currency senior secured revolving credit facility agreement (as amended and restated, the “Global Senior Facility”). On March 29, 2022, the Company amended and restated the Global Senior Facility to, among other things (1) upsize the facility by $90.0 million to $1.14 billion, (2) extend the termination date of the facility from September 2025 to September 2026, and (3) transition from LIBOR to Term SOFR for U.S. dollar borrowings. As of June 30, 2022, the Global Senior Facility provided for a total committed facility of $1.14 billion that matures in September 2026 and includes the following key provisions:

•Interest at Term SOFR (or EURIBOR for any loan drawn in Euro or a rate based on SONIA for any loan drawn in British Pound), with a Term SOFR (or EURIBOR or SONIA) floor of 0.00%, plus a margin of 2.50%, plus in the case of Term SOFR borrowings, a credit adjustment spread of 0.10%;

•An unused commitment fee of 0.40% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears;

•A restrictive covenant that limits the LTV Ratio (defined in the Global Senior Facility) to 0.75 in the event that the Global Senior Facility is more than 20% utilized;

•A restrictive covenant that limits the SSRCF LTV Ratio (defined in the Global Senior Facility) to 0.275;

•A restrictive covenant that requires the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Global Senior Facility) of at least 2.0;

•Additional restrictions and covenants which limit, among other things, the payment of dividends and the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens; and

•Standard events of default which, upon occurrence, may permit the lenders to terminate the Global Senior Facility and declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable.

The Global Senior Facility is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the guarantors. Pursuant to the terms of an intercreditor agreement entered into with respect to the relative positions of (1) the Global Senior Facility, any super priority hedging liabilities and the Encore Private Placement Notes (collectively, “Super Senior Liabilities”) and (2) the Senior Secured Notes, Super Senior Liabilities that are secured by assets that also secure the Senior Secured Notes will receive priority with respect to any proceeds received upon any enforcement action over any such assets.

As of June 30, 2022, the outstanding borrowings under the Global Senior Facility were $546.6 million. The weighted average interest rate of the Global Senior Facility was 3.32% and 3.25% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted average interest rate of the Global Senior Facility was 3.08% and 3.25% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Available capacity under the Global Senior Facility, after taking into account applicable debt covenants, was approximately $575.5 million as of June 30, 2022.

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Encore Private Placement Notes

In August 2017, Encore entered into $325.0 million in senior secured notes with a group of insurance companies (the “Encore Private Placement Notes”). As of June 30, 2022, $87.9 million of the Encore Private Placement Notes remained outstanding. The Encore Private Placement Notes bear an annual interest rate of 5.625%, mature in August 2024 and require quarterly principal payments of $9.8 million. The covenants and material terms for the Encore Private Placement Notes are substantially similar to those for the Global Senior Facility.

Senior Secured Notes

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s senior secured notes (the “Senior Secured Notes”) ($ in thousands):

	June 30,<br>2022		December 31,<br>2021		Maturity Date	Interest Payment Dates	Interest Rate
Encore 2025 Notes	$	366,824	$	397,928	Oct 15, 2025	Apr 15, Oct 15	4.875
Encore 2026 Notes	365,235		405,808		Feb 15, 2026	Feb 15, Aug 15	5.375
Encore 2028 Notes	304,363		338,174		Jun 1, 2028	Jun 1, Dec 1	4.250
Encore 2028 Floating Rate Notes	434,949		471,829		Jan 15, 2028	Jan 15, Apr 15, Jul 15, Oct 15	IBOR +4.250%(1)
	$	1,471,371	$	1,613,739

All values are in Euros.

_______________________

(1)Interest rate is based on three-month EURIBOR (subject to a 0% floor) plus 4.250% per annum, resets quarterly.

The Senior Secured Notes are secured by the same collateral as the Global Senior Facility and the Encore Private Placement Notes. The guarantees provided in respect of the Senior Secured Notes are pari passu with each such guarantee given in respect of the Global Senior Facility and Encore Private Placement Notes. Subject to the intercreditor agreement described above under the section “Global Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility,” Super Senior Liabilities that are secured by assets that also secure the Senior Secured Notes will receive priority with respect to any proceeds received upon any enforcement action over any such assets.

Convertible Notes and Exchangeable Notes

The following table provides a summary of the principal balance, maturity date and interest rate for the Company’s convertible and exchangeable senior notes (the “Convertible Notes” or “Exchangeable Notes,” as applicable) ($ in thousands):

	June 30,<br>2022		December 31,<br>2021		Maturity Date	Interest Payment Dates	Interest Rate
2022 Convertible Notes	$	—	$	150,000	Mar 15, 2022	Mar 15, Sep 15	3.250	%
2023 Exchangeable Notes	172,500		172,500		Sep 1, 2023	Mar 1, Sep 1	4.500	%
2025 Convertible Notes	100,000		100,000		Oct 1, 2025	Apr 1, Oct 1	3.250	%
	$	272,500	$	422,500

On March 15, 2022, the Company’s $150.0 million 2022 Convertible Notes matured. The 2022 Convertible Notes had a conversion price of $45.33. In September 2021, in accordance with the indenture for the 2022 Convertible Notes, the Company irrevocably elected “combination settlement” with a specified dollar amount equal to $1,750 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes. In March 2022, the Company settled the conversion of the 2022 Convertible Notes entirely in cash for $221.2 million, of which $71.2 million (the excess above the principal amount) represents the conversion spread and was recognized in the Company’s stockholder’s equity. No gain or loss was recognized as a result of the conversion of the 2022 Convertible Notes in the Company’s consolidated statements of income during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The Exchangeable Notes were issued by Encore Capital Europe Finance Limited (“Encore Finance”), a 100% owned finance subsidiary of Encore, and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Encore. Unless otherwise indicated in connection with a particular offering of debt securities, Encore will fully and unconditionally guarantee any debt securities issued by Encore Finance. Amounts related to Encore Finance are included in the consolidated financial statements of Encore subsequent to April 30, 2018, the date of incorporation of Encore Finance.

In order to reduce the risk related to the potential dilution and/or the potential cash payments the Company may be required to make in the event that the market price of the Company’s common stock becomes greater than the conversion or

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exchange prices of the Convertible Notes and the Exchangeable Notes, the Company may enter into hedge programs that increase the effective conversion or exchange price for the Convertible Notes and the Exchangeable Notes. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had one hedge program that increases the effective exchange price for the 2023 Exchangeable Notes. The hedge instrument has been determined to be indexed to the Company’s own stock and meets the criteria for equity classification. The Company recorded the cost of the hedge instrument as a reduction in additional paid-in capital, and does not recognize subsequent changes in fair value of this financial instrument in its consolidated financial statement. The Company did not hedge the 2022 Convertible Notes or the 2025 Convertible Notes.

Pursuant to the indentures for the Company’s Convertible Notes and Exchangeable Notes, the conversion and exchange rates were adjusted upon the completion of the Company’s tender offer effective in December 2021. Certain key terms related to the convertible and exchangeable features as of June 30, 2022 are listed below ($ in thousands, except conversion or exchange price):

	2023 Exchangeable Notes		2025 Convertible Notes
Initial conversion or exchange price	$	44.62	$	40.00
Closing stock price at date of issuance	$	36.45	$	32.00
Closing stock price date	Jul 20, 2018		Sep 4, 2019
Initial conversion or exchange rate (shares per $1,000 principal amount)	22.4090		25.0000
Adjusted conversion or exchange rate (shares per $1,000 principal amount)	22.5264		25.1310
Adjusted conversion or exchange price	$	44.39	$	39.79
Adjusted effective conversion or exchange price(1)	$	62.13	$	39.79
Excess of if-converted value compared to principal(2)	$	51,983	$	45,182
Conversion or exchange date(3)	Mar 1, 2023		Jul 1, 2025

_______________________

(1)As discussed above, the Company maintains a hedge program that increases the effective exchange price for the 2023 Exchangeable Notes to $62.13.

(2)Represents the premium the Company would have to pay assuming the Convertible Notes and Exchangeable Notes were converted or exchanged on June 30, 2022 using a hypothetical conversion price based on the closing stock price on June 30, 2022. The premium of the 2023 Exchangeable Notes would have been reduced to zero with the existing hedge program.

(3)During the quarter ending December 31, 2021, the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the exchange price of the 2023 Exchangeable Notes and the conversion price of the 2025 Convertible Notes for more than 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day period, thereby satisfying one of the early exchange or conversion events. As a result, the 2023 Exchangeable Notes and the 2025 Convertible Notes became exchangeable or convertible on demand on January 1, 2022.

In the event of conversion or exchange, the 2025 Convertible Notes and the 2023 Exchangeable Notes are convertible or exchangeable into cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes and the excess conversion premium, if any, may be settled in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s election and subject to certain restrictions contained in each of the indentures governing the Convertible Notes and Exchangeable Notes.

Interest expense related to the Convertible Notes and Exchangeable Notes was $2.8 million and $4.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest expense related to the Convertible Notes and Exchangeable Notes was $6.5 million and $8.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Cabot Securitisation Senior Facility

Cabot Securitisation UK Ltd (“Cabot Securitisation”), an indirect subsidiary of Encore, has a senior facility for a committed amount of £350.0 million (as amended, the “Cabot Securitisation Senior Facility”). The Cabot Securitisation Senior Facility matures in September 2026. Funds drawn under the Cabot Securitisation Senior Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to SONIA plus a margin of 3.00% plus, for periods after September 18, 2024, a step-up margin ranging from zero to 1.00%.

As of June 30, 2022, the outstanding borrowings under the Cabot Securitisation Senior Facility were £350.0 million (approximately $426.1 million based on an exchange rate of $1.00 to £0.82, the exchange rate as of June 30, 2022). The obligations of Cabot Securitisation under the Cabot Securitisation Senior Facility are secured by first ranking security interests over all of Cabot Securitisation’s property, assets and rights (including receivables purchased from Cabot Financial UK from time to time), the book value of which was approximately £364.1 million (approximately $443.2 million based on an exchange rate of $1.00 to £0.82, the exchange rate as of June 30, 2022) as of June 30, 2022. The weighted average interest rate was

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3.95% and 3.11% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted average interest rate was 3.70% and 3.11% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Cabot Securitisation is a securitized financing vehicle and is a VIE for consolidation purposes. Refer to “Note 8: Variable Interest Entities” for further details.

Note 8: Variable Interest Entities

A VIE is defined as a legal entity whose equity owners do not have sufficient equity at risk, or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack any of the following three characteristics: decision-making rights, the obligation to absorb expected losses, or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity. The primary beneficiary is identified as the variable interest holder that has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s VIEs include certain securitized financing vehicles and other immaterial special purpose entities that were created to purchase receivable portfolios in certain geographies. The Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. The Company has the power to direct the activities of the VIEs which includes but is not limited to the ability to exercise discretion in the servicing of the financial assets and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. The Company evaluates its relationships with its VIEs on an ongoing basis to ensure that it continues to be the primary beneficiary.

Most assets recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company’s general assets. Conversely, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the VIE.

Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

A summary of the Company’s changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component is presented below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Derivatives		Currency Translation Adjustments		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,410	$	(76,318)	$	(63,908)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	(15,848)		(59,805)		(75,653)
Reclassification	22,695		—		22,695
Tax effect	(1,711)		—		(1,711)
Balance at end of period	$	17,546	$	(136,123)	$	(118,577)
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Derivatives		Currency Translation Adjustments		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at beginning of period	$	(8,771)	$	(55,770)	$	(64,541)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	3,342		3,948		7,290
Reclassification	(1,287)		—		(1,287)
Tax effect	(502)		—		(502)
Balance at end of period	$	(7,218)	$	(51,822)	$	(59,040)

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	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Derivatives		Currency Translation Adjustments		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at beginning of period	$	516	$	(54,064)	$	(53,548)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	(12,489)		(82,059)		(94,548)
Reclassification	34,928		—		34,928
Tax effect	(5,409)		—		(5,409)
Balance at end of period	$	17,546	$	(136,123)	$	(118,577)
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Derivatives		Currency Translation Adjustments		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at beginning of period	$	(10,154)	$	(58,659)	$	(68,813)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	(14,803)		6,837		(7,966)
Reclassification	18,619		—		18,619
Tax effect	(880)		—		(880)
Balance at end of period	$	(7,218)	$	(51,822)	$	(59,040)

Note 10: Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was 27.8% and 24.9%, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company’s effective tax rate was 20.3% and 21.2%, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate was primarily due to the proportion of income earned in higher tax rate jurisdictions compared to lower tax rate jurisdictions. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate was primarily due to a tax benefit recognized on the U.K. tax rate adjustment which passed legislation in Q2 2021, and is effective from April 2023.

Each interim period is considered an integral part of the annual period and tax expense or benefit is measured using an estimated annual effective income tax rate. The estimated annual effective tax rate for the full year is applied to the respective interim period, taking into account year-to-date amounts and projected amounts for the year. Since the Company operates in foreign countries with varying tax rates, the Company's quarterly effective tax rate is dependent on the level of income or loss from international operations in the reporting period.

The Company’s subsidiary in Costa Rica is operating under a 100% tax holiday through December 31, 2026. The impact of the tax holiday in Costa Rica for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, was immaterial.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgement is required in evaluating uncertain tax positions and determining the provision for income taxes. There has been no material change to the Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefits from December 31, 2021.

Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Regulatory

The Company is involved in disputes, legal actions, regulatory investigations, inquiries, and other actions from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company, along with others in its industry, is routinely subject to legal actions based on the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”), comparable state statutes, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), state and federal unfair competition statutes, and common law causes of action. The violations of law investigated or alleged in these actions often include claims that the Company lacks specified licenses to conduct its business, attempts to collect debts on which the statute of limitations has run, has made inaccurate or unsupported assertions of fact in support of its collection actions and/or has acted improperly in connection with its efforts to contact consumers. Such litigation and regulatory actions could involve potential compensatory or punitive damage claims, fines, sanctions, injunctive relief, or changes in business practices. Many continue on for some length of time and involve substantial investigation, litigation, negotiation, and

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other expense and effort before a result is achieved, and during the process the Company often cannot determine the substance or timing of any eventual outcome.

As of June 30, 2022, there were no material developments in any of the legal proceedings disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

In certain legal proceedings, the Company may have recourse to insurance or third-party contractual indemnities to cover all or portions of its litigation expenses, judgments, or settlements. The Company records loss contingencies in its financial statements only for matters in which losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Where a range of loss can be reasonably estimated with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum estimated liability. The Company continuously assesses the potential liability related to its pending litigation and regulatory matters and revises its estimates when additional information becomes available. The Company’s legal costs are recorded to expense as incurred. As of June 30, 2022, the Company has no material reserves for legal matters.

Purchase Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into forward flow purchase agreements. A forward flow purchase agreement is a commitment to purchase receivables over a duration that is typically three to twelve months, but can be longer, generally with a specifically defined volume range, frequency, and pricing. Typically, these forward flow contracts have provisions that allow for early termination or price re-negotiation should the underlying quality of the portfolio deteriorate over time or if any particular month’s delivery is materially different than the original portfolio used to price the forward flow contract. Certain of these forward flow purchase agreements may also have termination clauses, whereby the agreements can be canceled by either party upon providing a certain specified amount of notice.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had entered into forward flow purchase agreements for the purchase of nonperforming loans with an estimated minimum aggregate purchase price of approximately $488.1 million. The Company expects actual purchases under these forward flow purchase agreements to be significantly greater than the estimated minimum aggregate purchase price.

Note 12: Segment and Geographic Information

The Company conducts business through several operating segments. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker relies on internal management reporting processes that provide segment revenue, segment operating income, and segment asset information in order to make financial decisions and allocate resources. The Company determined its operating segments meet the aggregation criteria, and therefore, it has one reportable segment, portfolio purchasing and recovery, based on similarities among the operating units including economic characteristics, the nature of the services, the nature of the production process, customer types for their services, the methods used to provide their services and the nature of the regulatory environment.

The Company has operations in the United States, Europe and other foreign countries. The following table presents the Company’s total revenues by geographic area in which the Company operates (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Total revenues:
United States	$	241,344	$	288,491	$	614,918	$	576,278
Europe
United Kingdom	86,150		97,630		176,371		181,032
Other European countries(1)	29,321		37,361		65,132		77,861
Total Europe	115,471		134,991		241,503		258,893
Other geographies(1)	102		4,253		178		9,401
Total	$	356,917	$	427,735	$	856,599	$	844,572

________________________

(1)None of these countries comprise greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated revenues.

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Note 13: Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually and in interim periods if certain events occur that indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Determining the number of reporting units and the fair value of a reporting unit requires the Company to make judgments and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions.

The annual goodwill testing date for the reporting units that are included in the portfolio purchasing and recovery reportable segment is October 1st. There have been no events or circumstances during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 that have required the Company to perform an interim assessment of goodwill carried at these reporting units. Management continues to evaluate and monitor all key factors impacting the carrying value of the Company’s recorded goodwill and long-lived assets. Adverse changes in the Company’s actual or expected operating results, market capitalization, business climate, economic factors or other negative events that may be outside the control of management could result in a material non-cash impairment charge in the future.

The Company’s goodwill is attributable to reporting units included in its portfolio purchasing and recovery segment. The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s goodwill balance (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	876,541	$	912,170	$	897,795	$	906,962
Effect of foreign currency translation	(52,331)		2,897		(73,585)		8,105
Balance, end of period	$	824,210	$	915,067	$	824,210	$	915,067

The Company’s acquired intangible assets are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2022						As of December 31, 2021
	Gross<br>Carrying<br>Amount		Accumulated<br>Amortization		Net<br>Carrying<br>Amount		Gross<br>Carrying<br>Amount		Accumulated<br>Amortization		Net<br>Carrying<br>Amount
Customer relationships	$	60,536	$	(31,564)	$	28,972	$	66,969	$	(31,154)	$	35,815
Developed technologies	2,349		(2,349)		—		2,549		(2,530)		19
Trade name and other	1,528		(1,126)		402		1,597		(1,111)		486
Total intangible assets	$	64,413	$	(35,039)	$	29,374	$	71,115	$	(34,795)	$	36,320

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Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” relating to Encore Capital Group, Inc. (“Encore”) and its subsidiaries (which we may collectively refer to as the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) within the meaning of the securities laws. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may,” and similar expressions often characterize forward-looking statements. These statements may include, but are not limited to, projections of collections, revenues, income or loss, estimates of capital expenditures, plans for future operations, products or services, financing needs or plans or the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as assumptions relating to these matters. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we caution that these expectations or predictions may not prove to be correct or we may not achieve the financial results, savings, or other benefits anticipated in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are necessarily estimates reflecting the best judgment of our senior management and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which may be beyond our control or cannot be predicted or quantified, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. Many factors including, but not limited to, those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors” and those set forth in “Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report could cause our actual results, performance, achievements, or industry results to be very different from the results, performance, achievements or industry results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Our business, financial condition, or results of operations could also be materially and adversely affected by other factors besides those listed. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events, or for any other reason, even if experience or future events make it clear that any expected results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements will not be realized. In addition, it is generally our policy not to make any specific projections as to future earnings, and we do not endorse projections regarding future performance that may be made by third parties.

Our Business

We are an international specialty finance company providing debt recovery solutions and other related services for consumers across a broad range of financial assets. We purchase portfolios of defaulted consumer receivables at deep discounts to face value and manage them by working with individuals as they repay their obligations and work toward financial recovery. Defaulted receivables are consumers’ unpaid financial commitments to credit originators, including banks, credit unions, consumer finance companies and commercial retailers. Defaulted receivables may also include receivables subject to bankruptcy proceedings. We also provide debt servicing and other portfolio management services to credit originators for non-performing loans in Europe.

Encore Capital Group, Inc. (“Encore”) has three primary business units: MCM, which consists of Midland Credit Management, Inc. and its subsidiaries and domestic affiliates; Cabot, which consists of Cabot Credit Management Limited (“CCM”) and its subsidiaries and European affiliates, and LAAP, which is comprised of our investments and operations in Latin America and Asia-Pacific.

MCM (United States)

Through MCM, we are a market leader in portfolio purchasing and recovery in the United States.

Cabot (Europe)

Through Cabot, we are one of the largest credit management services providers in Europe and a market leader in the United Kingdom. Cabot, in addition to its primary business of portfolio purchasing and recovery, also provides a range of debt servicing offerings such as early stage collections, business process outsourcing (“BPO”), and contingent collections, including through Wescot Credit Services Limited (“Wescot”), a leading U.K. contingency debt collection and BPO services company.

LAAP (Latin America and Asia-Pacific)

We have purchased non-performing loans in Mexico. Additionally, we have invested in Encore Asset Reconstruction Company (“EARC”) in India. We previously owned non-performing loans in Colombia and Peru (sold in August 2021) and Brazil (sold in April 2020).

To date, operating results from LAAP have not been significant to our total consolidated operating results. Our long-term growth strategy is focused on continuing to invest in our core portfolio purchasing and recovery business in the United States and United Kingdom and strengthening and developing our business in the rest of Europe.

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Government Regulation

MCM (United States)

As discussed in more detail under “Part I - Item 1 - Business - Government Regulation” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our operations in the United States are subject to federal, state and municipal statutes, rules, regulations and ordinances that establish specific guidelines and procedures that debt purchasers and collectors must follow when collecting consumer accounts, including among others, specific guidelines and procedures for communicating with consumers and prohibitions on unfair, deceptive or abusive debt collection practices.

Cabot (Europe)

As discussed in more detail under “Part I - Item 1 - Business - Government Regulation” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our operations in Europe are affected by foreign statutes, rules and regulations regarding debt collection and debt purchase activities. These statutes, rules, regulations, ordinances, guidelines and procedures are modified from time to time by the relevant authorities charged with their administration, which could affect the way we conduct our business.

Portfolio Purchasing and Recovery

MCM (United States)

In the United States, the defaulted consumer receivable portfolios we purchase are primarily charged-off credit card debt portfolios. A small percentage of our capital deployment in the United States is comprised of receivable portfolios subject to Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings.

We purchase receivables based on robust, account-level valuation methods and employ proprietary statistical and behavioral models across our U.S. operations. These methods and models allow us to value portfolios accurately (limiting the risk of overpaying), avoid buying portfolios that are incompatible with our methods or strategies and align the accounts we purchase with our business channels to maximize future collections. As a result, we have been able to realize significant returns from the receivables we acquire. We maintain strong relationships with many of the largest financial service providers in the United States.

Cabot (Europe)

In Europe, our purchased under-performing debt portfolios primarily consist of paying and non-paying consumer loan accounts. We also purchase: (1) portfolios that are in insolvency status, in particular, individual voluntary arrangements; and (2) non-performing secured mortgage portfolios and real estate assets previously securing mortgage portfolios. When we take possession of the underlying real estate assets or purchase real estate assets, we refer to those as real estate-owned assets, or REO assets.

We purchase paying and non-paying receivable portfolios using a proprietary pricing model that utilizes account-level statistical and behavioral data. This model allows us to value portfolios accurately and quantify portfolio performance in order to maximize future collections. As a result, we have been able to realize significant returns from the assets we have acquired. We maintain strong relationships with many of the largest financial services providers in the United Kingdom.

Purchases and Collections

Portfolio Pricing, Supply and Demand

MCM (United States)

Issuers have continued to sell predominantly fresh portfolios. Fresh portfolios are portfolios that are generally sold within six months of the consumer’s account being charged-off by the financial institution. We believe that pricing plateaued in the second quarter. Issuers continue to sell their volume in mostly forward flow arrangements that are often committed early in the calendar year. We believe growth in lending and rising delinquency rates will drive future supply increases. Lending has now surpassed pre-pandemic levels in the U.S. and we have started to see an increase in portfolio supply.

We believe that smaller competitors continue to face difficulties in the portfolio purchasing market because of the high cost to operate due to regulatory pressure and cost of capital. We believe this favors larger participants, like MCM, because the larger market participants are better able to adapt to these pressures and commit to larger forward flow agreements.

Cabot (Europe)

The U.K. market for charged-off portfolios prior to the COVID-19 pandemic generally provided a relatively consistent pipeline of opportunities, despite a historically low level of charge-off rates, as creditors have embedded debt sales as an

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integral part of their business models and consumer indebtedness has continued to grow since the financial crisis. An increasing amount of volume is sold in multi-year forward flow arrangements.

The Spanish debt market continues to be one of the largest in Europe with significant debt sales activity, and an expectation of a significant amount of debt to be sold and serviced in the future. Additionally, financial institutions continue to experience both market and regulatory pressure to dispose of non-performing loans, which should continue to provide debt purchasing opportunities in Spain.

Banks decreased portfolio sales at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to focus on customers’ needs. While we have seen a resumption of sales activity across many of our European markets, underlying default rates are generally low by historic levels, and sales levels are expected to fluctuate from quarter to quarter as banks seek to re-establish a more stable debt sales strategy. In general, supply remains below pre-pandemic levels while portfolio pricing has become more competitive across our European footprint.

Purchases by Geographic Location

The following table summarizes purchases of receivable portfolios by geographic location during the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
MCM (United States)	$	116,223	$	89,539	$	210,532	$	181,891
Cabot (Europe)	56,784		53,189		131,980		131,015
Total purchases of receivable portfolios	$	173,007	$	142,728	$	342,512	$	312,906

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we invested $173.0 million to acquire receivable portfolios, with face values aggregating $1.8 billion, for an average purchase price of 9.4% of face value. The amount invested in receivable portfolios increased $30.3 million, or 21.2%, compared with the $142.7 million invested during the three months ended June 30, 2021, to acquire receivable portfolios with face values aggregating $1.2 billion, for an average purchase price of 12.4% of face value.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we invested $342.5 million to acquire receivable portfolios, with face values aggregating $3.0 billion, for an average purchase price of 11.3% of face value. The amount invested in receivable portfolios increased $29.6 million, or 9.5%, compared with the $312.9 million invested during the six months ended June 30, 2021, to acquire receivable portfolios with face values aggregating $2.5 billion, for an average purchase price of 12.6% of face value.

In the United States, portfolio purchases increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. The majority of our deployments in the U.S. came from forward flow agreements, and the timing, contract duration, and volumes for each contract can fluctuate leading to variation when comparing to prior periods. Portfolio purchases in the U.S. are still lower than pre-pandemic levels as a result of a decrease in supply, which we believe is temporary.

In Europe, portfolio purchases increased slightly during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year. Portfolio purchases in Europe remain below pre-pandemic average levels. In the UK, bank delinquencies remain at relatively low levels, and the level of outstanding unsecured consumer borrowings, while increasing, is still below pre-pandemic levels. The reported portfolio purchases during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were subject to the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

The average purchase price, as a percentage of face value, varies from period to period depending on, among other factors, the quality of the accounts purchased and the length of time from charge-off to the time we purchase the portfolios.

During the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we invested $22.9 million and $1.2 million in REO assets, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we invested $35.2 million and $3.6 million in REO assets, respectively.

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Collections from Purchased Receivables by Channel and Geographic Location

We utilize three channels for the collection of our purchased receivables: call center and digital collections; legal collections; and collection agencies. The call center and digital collections channel consists of collections that result from our call centers, direct mail program and online collections. The legal collections channel consists of collections that result from our internal legal channel or from our network of retained law firms. The collection agencies channel consists of collections from third party collections agencies to whom we pay a fee or commission. We utilize this channel to supplement capacity in our internal call centers, to service accounts in regions where we do not have collections operations or for accounts purchased where we maintain the collection agency servicing relationship. The following table summarizes the total collections by collection channel and geographic area during the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
MCM (United States):
Call center and digital collections	$	199,595	$	259,580	$	415,219	$	527,564
Legal collections	155,338		175,415		309,838		339,747
Collection agencies	307		2,455		795		5,712
Subtotal	355,240		437,450		725,852		873,023
Cabot (Europe):
Call center and digital collections	50,064		85,130		104,517		155,681
Legal collections	51,259		43,717		103,772		92,782
Collection agencies	40,503		39,507		81,383		82,492
Subtotal	141,826		168,354		289,672		330,955
Other geographies:	645		6,623		1,601		14,910
Total collections from purchased receivables	$	497,711	$	612,427	$	1,017,125	$	1,218,888

Gross collections from purchased receivables decreased by $114.7 million, or 18.7%, to $497.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022, from $612.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021. Gross collections from purchased receivables decreased by $201.8 million, or 16.6%, to $1,017.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022, from $1,218.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

The decreases in collections from purchased receivables in the United States during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, were primarily a result of an unusually high level of collections in the year ago period resulting from changes in consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The decreases were also a result of lower purchasing volumes in recent periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes in consumer behavior that resulted from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, while more prevalent a year ago, continued through the quarter. Even though we believe the pandemic-related drivers of this changed behavior are waning, in the second quarter we continued to see over-performance compared to our collections expectations.

The decreases in collections from purchased receivables in Europe during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, were primarily due to lower purchasing volumes in recent periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

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Results of Operations

Results of operations, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues, were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022				2021
Revenues
Revenue from receivable portfolios	$	306,282	85.8	%	$	328,150	76.7	%
Changes in recoveries	25,150		7.1	%	66,178		15.5	%
Total debt purchasing revenue	331,432		92.9	%	394,328		92.2	%
Servicing revenue	23,788		6.6	%	32,064		7.5	%
Other revenues	1,697		0.5	%	1,343		0.3	%
Total revenues	356,917		100.0	%	427,735		100.0	%
Operating expenses
Salaries and employee benefits	98,880		27.7	%	97,774		23.0	%
Cost of legal collections	55,148		15.4	%	66,900		15.6	%
General and administrative expenses	34,967		9.8	%	34,823		8.1	%
Other operating expenses	27,405		7.7	%	28,228		6.6	%
Collection agency commissions	9,923		2.8	%	13,677		3.2	%
Depreciation and amortization	11,646		3.3	%	12,046		2.8	%
Total operating expenses	237,969		66.7	%	253,448		59.3	%
Income from operations	118,948		33.3	%	174,287		40.7	%
Other expense
Interest expense	(37,054)		(10.4)	%	(44,159)		(10.3)	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—	%	(9,300)		(2.2)	%
Other income	1,795		0.5	%	566		0.1	%
Total other expense	(35,259)		(9.9)	%	(52,893)		(12.4)	%
Income before income taxes	83,689		23.4	%	121,394		28.3	%
Provision for income taxes	(23,250)		(6.5)	%	(24,607)		(5.8)	%
Net income	60,439		16.9	%	96,787		22.5	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—	%	(284)		(0.1)	%
Net income attributable to Encore Capital Group, Inc. stockholders	$	60,439	16.9	%	$	96,503	22.4	%

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022				2021
Revenues
Revenue from receivable portfolios	$	610,387	71.2	%	$	666,168	78.9	%
Changes in recoveries	192,373		22.5	%	110,715		13.1	%
Total debt purchasing revenue	802,760		93.7	%	776,883		92.0	%
Servicing revenue	49,934		5.8	%	64,580		7.6	%
Other revenues	3,905		0.5	%	3,109		0.4	%
Total revenues	856,599		100.0	%	844,572		100.0	%
Operating expenses
Salaries and employee benefits	195,836		22.9	%	194,230		23.0	%
Cost of legal collections	110,865		12.9	%	134,042		15.9	%
General and administrative expenses	68,501		8.0	%	66,971		7.9	%
Other operating expenses	54,432		6.4	%	56,669		6.7	%
Collection agency commissions	19,528		2.3	%	26,501		3.1	%
Depreciation and amortization	23,475		2.7	%	23,558		2.8	%
Total operating expenses	472,637		55.2	%	501,971		59.4	%
Income from operations	383,962		44.8	%	342,601		40.6	%
Other expense
Interest expense	(71,687)		(8.4)	%	(90,685)		(10.7)	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—	%	(9,300)		(1.1)	%
Other income	2,187		0.3	%	511		0.1	%
Total other expense	(69,500)		(8.1)	%	(99,474)		(11.7)	%
Income before income taxes	314,462		36.7	%	243,127		28.9	%
Provision for income taxes	(78,274)		(9.1)	%	(51,575)		(6.1)	%
Net income	236,188		27.6	%	191,552		22.8	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—	%	(419)		0.0	%
Net income attributable to Encore Capital Group, Inc. stockholders	$	236,188	27.6	%	$	191,133	22.8	%

Comparison of Results of Operations

Revenues

Our revenues primarily include debt purchasing revenue, which is revenue recognized from engaging in debt purchasing and recovery activities. We apply our charge-off policy and fully write-off the amortized costs (i.e., face value net of noncredit discount) of the individual receivables we acquire immediately after purchasing the portfolio. We then record a negative allowance that represents the present value of all expected future recoveries for pools of receivables that share similar risk characteristics using a discounted cash flow approach, which is presented as “Investment in receivable portfolios, net” in our consolidated statements of financial condition. The discount rate is an effective interest rate (or “purchase EIR”) established based on the purchase price of the portfolio and the expected future cash flows at the time of purchase.

Debt purchasing revenue includes two components:

(1)     Revenue from receivable portfolios, which is the accretion of the discount on the negative allowance due to the passage of time (generally the portfolio balance multiplied by the EIR), and

(2)     Changes in recoveries, which includes

(a)     Recoveries above (below) forecast, which is the difference between (i) actual cash collected/recovered during the current period and (ii) expected cash recoveries for the current period, which generally represents over or under performance for the period; and

(b)     Changes in expected future recoveries, which is the present value change of expected future recoveries, where such change generally results from (i) collections “pulled forward from” or “pushed out to” future periods (i.e.

amounts either collected early or expected to be collected later) and (ii) magnitude and timing changes to estimates of expected future collections (which can be increases or decreases).

Certain pools already fully recovered their cost basis and became zero basis portfolios (“ZBA”) prior to our adoption of CECL. We did not establish a negative allowance for these pools as we elected the Transition Resource Group for Credit Losses’ practical expedient to retain the integrity of these legacy pools. Similar to how we treated ZBA collections prior to the adoption of CECL, all subsequent collections to the ZBA pools are recognized as ZBA revenue, which is included in revenue from receivable portfolios in our consolidated statements of income.

Servicing revenue consists primarily of fee-based income earned on accounts collected on behalf of others, primarily credit originators. We earn fee-based income by providing debt servicing (such as early stage collections, BPO, contingent collections, trace services and litigation activities) to credit originators for non-performing loans in Europe.

Other revenues primarily include revenues recognized from the sale of real estate assets that are acquired as a result of our investments in non-performing secured residential mortgage portfolios and real estate assets in Europe and LAAP.

The following table summarizes revenues for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Increase (decrease)
Revenue recognized from portfolio basis	$	297,552	$	315,417		(5.7)	%
ZBA revenue	8,730		12,733		(4,003)	(31.4)	%
Revenue from receivable portfolios	306,282		328,150		(21,868)	(6.7)	%
Recoveries above forecast	9,935		109,396		(99,461)	(90.9)	%
Changes in expected future recoveries	15,215		(43,218)		58,433	135.2	%
Changes in recoveries	25,150		66,178		(41,028)	(62.0)	%
Debt purchasing revenue	331,432		394,328		(62,896)	(16.0)	%
Servicing revenue	23,788		32,064		(8,276)	(25.8)	%
Other revenues	1,697		1,343		354	26.4	%
Total revenues	$	356,917	$	427,735		(16.6)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Increase (decrease)
Revenue recognized from portfolio basis	$	592,673	$	639,671		(7.3)	%
ZBA revenue	17,714		26,497		(8,783)	(33.1)	%
Revenue from receivable portfolios	610,387		666,168		(55,781)	(8.4)	%
Recoveries above forecast	56,287		200,797		(144,510)	(72.0)	%
Changes in expected future recoveries	136,086		(90,082)		226,168	251.1	%
Changes in recoveries	192,373		110,715		81,658	73.8	%
Debt purchasing revenue	802,760		776,883		25,877	3.3	%
Servicing revenue	49,934		64,580		(14,646)	(22.7)	%
Other revenues	3,905		3,109		796	25.6	%
Total revenues	$	856,599	$	844,572		1.4	%

All values are in US Dollars.

Our operating results are impacted by foreign currency translation, which represents the effect of translating operating results where the functional currency is different than our U.S. dollar reporting currency. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies has an unfavorable impact on our international revenues, and the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies has a favorable impact on our international revenues. Our revenues were unfavorably impacted by foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound by 11.2% during the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021 and by 7.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021.

The decreases in revenue recognized from portfolio basis during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were primarily due to a lower portfolio basis (i.e., a lower investment in receivable balance) driven by a lower volume of purchases.

As discussed above, ZBA revenue represents collections from our legacy ZBA pools. We expect our ZBA revenue to continue to decline as we collect on these legacy pools. We do not expect to have new ZBA pools in the future.

Recoveries above or below forecast represent over and under-performance in the reporting period. Collections during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 outperformed the projected cash flows. We believe the collection over-performance was a result of changes in consumer behavior and our liquidation improvement initiatives.

When reassessing the forecasts of expected lifetime recoveries during the three months ended June 30, 2022, management considered historical and current collection performance, and believes that for certain static pools sustained collections over-performance resulted in increased total expected recoveries. As a result, we have updated our forecast, resulting in a net increase of total estimated remaining collections which in turn, when discounted to present value, resulted in a positive change in expected future period recoveries of approximately $15.2 million and $136.1 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded approximately $43.2 million and $90.1 million, respectively, in negative change in expected future period recoveries.

The following tables summarize collections from purchased receivables, revenue from receivable portfolios, end of period receivable balance and other related supplemental data, by year of purchase (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022						As of June 30, 2022
	Collections		Revenue from Receivable Portfolios		Changes in Recoveries		Investment in Receivable Portfolios		Monthly EIR
United States:
ZBA	$	8,725	$	8,725	$	—	$	—	—	%
2011	5,253		4,242		1,073		1,689		88.6	%
2012	5,524		4,349		1,325		3,723		42.0	%
2013	11,826		11,763		(538)		9,301		40.5	%
2014	6,533		4,195		1,190		20,293		6.7	%
2015	6,623		3,539		23		27,988		3.9	%
2016	13,839		7,427		(251)		55,248		4.1	%
2017	22,833		14,174		(2,001)		78,831		5.5	%
2018	39,621		20,076		2,972		161,982		3.9	%
2019	69,058		35,307		9,621		295,288		3.8	%
2020	84,006		39,583		17,256		342,524		3.7	%
2021	64,415		41,294		1,689		336,472		3.9	%
2022	16,984		13,481		829		209,403		3.2	%
Subtotal	355,240		208,155		33,188		1,542,742		4.3	%
Europe:
ZBA	6		5		—		—		—	%
2013	18,214		15,405		(1,003)		152,162		3.2	%
2014	17,115		12,494		4,619		136,906		3.0	%
2015	11,042		7,725		996		103,525		2.4	%
2016(1)	10,794		7,747		1,171		92,536		2.8	%
2017	16,163		10,263		(8,896)		165,639		1.9	%
2018	15,989		10,299		(4,059)		207,404		1.6	%
2019	16,078		9,687		3,103		169,486		1.9	%
2020	11,754		7,233		2,765		103,419		2.3	%
2021	16,841		12,099		(7,580)		201,957		1.9	%
2022	7,830		5,170		846		122,773		1.8	%
Subtotal	141,826		98,127		(8,038)		1,455,807		2.2	%
Other geographies:(2)
All vintages	645		—		—		36,574		—	%
Subtotal	645		—		—		36,574		—	%
Total	$	497,711	$	306,282	$	25,150	$	3,035,123	3.3	%

_______________________

(1)Portfolio balance includes non-accrual pool groups. The EIR presented is only for pool groups that accrete portfolio revenue.

(2)All portfolios are on non-accrual basis. Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
	Collections		Revenue from Receivable Portfolios		Changes in Recoveries		Investment in Receivable Portfolios		Monthly EIR
United States:
ZBA	$	11,670	$	11,670	$	—	$	—	—	%
2011	6,130		4,439		1,715		1,698		88.6	%
2012	6,748		4,548		2,014		3,541		42.0	%
2013	16,434		12,436		3,541		10,001		40.5	%
2014	9,429		5,914		297		27,185		6.7	%
2015	11,922		5,526		96		42,194		3.9	%
2016	24,562		10,334		2,876		78,397		4.0	%
2017	40,467		19,085		5,042		109,141		5.3	%
2018	61,404		26,308		7,600		210,444		3.8	%
2019	107,628		45,634		10,530		363,949		3.8	%
2020	114,819		49,858		39,148		431,771		3.7	%
2021	26,237		15,111		4,385		174,213		4.2	%
Subtotal	437,450		210,863		77,244		1,452,534		4.4	%
Europe:
ZBA	26		26		—		—		—	%
2013	24,544		21,158		(12,233)		201,746		3.2	%
2014	22,211		16,786		(9,639)		171,426		3.0	%
2015	15,826		10,347		(932)		137,364		2.4	%
2016(1)	13,410		10,315		3,136		125,813		2.9	%
2017	22,165		14,072		(877)		241,816		1.9	%
2018	21,314		13,906		(4,105)		284,162		1.6	%
2019	23,400		13,017		2,929		228,306		1.8	%
2020	16,258		8,718		6,582		124,618		2.3	%
2021	9,200		5,825		2,993		127,953		1.9	%
Subtotal	168,354		114,170		(12,146)		1,643,204		2.2	%
Other geographies:(1), (2)
All vintages	6,623		3,117		1,080		58,263		8.2	%
Subtotal	6,623		3,117		1,080		58,263		8.2	%
Total	$	612,427	$	328,150	$	66,178	$	3,154,001	3.3	%

______________________

(1)Portfolio balance includes non-accrual pool groups. The EIR presented is only for pool groups that accrete portfolio revenue.

(2)Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022						As of June 30, 2022
	Collections		Revenue from Receivable Portfolios		Changes in Recoveries		Investment in Receivable Portfolios		Monthly EIR
United States:
ZBA	$	17,696	$	17,696	$	—	$	—	—	%
2011	10,580		8,143		2,608		1,689		88.6	%
2012	10,931		8,161		3,446		3,723		42.0	%
2013	24,465		23,835		(20)		9,301		40.5	%
2014	13,597		8,703		2,267		20,293		6.7	%
2015	13,970		7,719		(2,299)		27,988		3.9	%
2016	29,388		15,414		2,647		55,248		4.1	%
2017	49,002		28,677		7,173		78,831		5.5	%
2018	83,650		39,146		36,648		161,982		3.9	%
2019	146,018		68,727		71,733		295,288		3.8	%
2020	175,644		78,476		79,186		342,524		3.7	%
2021	129,889		85,535		760		336,472		3.9	%
2022	21,022		17,163		3,363		209,403		3.2	%
Subtotal	725,852		407,395		207,512		1,542,742		4.3	%
Europe:
ZBA	19		18		—		—		—	%
2013	37,679		32,376		(2,941)		152,162		3.2	%
2014	35,392		26,355		3,352		136,906		3.0	%
2015	22,812		16,292		(354)		103,525		2.4	%
2016(1)	21,594		16,308		(302)		92,536		2.8	%
2017	33,377		21,642		(11,228)		165,639		1.9	%
2018	33,467		21,588		(5,367)		207,404		1.6	%
2019	34,658		20,408		3,693		169,486		1.9	%
2020	24,978		15,115		5,365		103,419		2.3	%
2021	34,898		25,294		(8,933)		201,957		1.9	%
2022	10,798		7,596		1,576		122,773		1.8	%
Subtotal	289,672		202,992		(15,139)		1,455,807		2.2	%
Other geographies:(2)
All vintages	1,601		—		—		36,574		—	%
Subtotal	1,601		—		—		36,574		—	%
Total	$	1,017,125	$	610,387	$	192,373	$	3,035,123	3.3	%

______________________

(1)Portfolio balance includes non-accrual pool groups. The EIR presented is only for pool groups that accrete portfolio revenue.

(2)Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
	Collections		Revenue from Receivable Portfolios		Changes in Recoveries		Investment in Receivable Portfolios		Monthly EIR
United States:
ZBA	$	24,171	$	24,171	$	—	$	—	—	%
2011	12,317		9,112		3,199		1,698		88.6	%
2012	13,054		9,559		3,007		3,541		42.0	%
2013	30,034		25,410		4,892		10,001		40.5	%
2014	18,904		12,585		(429)		27,185		6.7	%
2015	24,916		11,564		2,713		42,194		3.9	%
2016	50,940		21,515		9,896		78,397		4.0	%
2017	83,985		40,225		14,643		109,141		5.3	%
2018	129,762		55,895		18,294		210,444		3.8	%
2019	222,318		97,395		20,012		363,949		3.8	%
2020	227,961		104,110		60,256		431,771		3.7	%
2021	34,661		18,940		8,446		174,213		4.2	%
Subtotal	873,023		430,481		144,929		1,452,534		4.4	%
Europe:
ZBA	60		60		—		—		—	%
2013	49,292		43,541		(25,821)		201,746		3.2	%
2014	44,688		34,376		(17,050)		171,426		3.0	%
2015	30,822		21,238		(6,339)		137,364		2.4	%
2016(1)	27,406		20,994		2,197		125,813		2.9	%
2017	45,311		28,656		(3,037)		241,816		1.9	%
2018	43,026		28,202		(7,112)		284,162		1.6	%
2019	47,379		26,460		4,367		228,306		1.8	%
2020	31,379		17,421		12,383		124,618		2.3	%
2021	11,592		7,838		3,857		127,953		1.9	%
Subtotal	330,955		228,786		(36,555)		1,643,204		2.2	%
Other geographies:(1), (2)
All vintages	14,910		6,901		2,341		58,263		8.2	%
Subtotal	14,910		6,901		2,341		58,263		8.2	%
Total	$	1,218,888	$	666,168	$	110,715	$	3,154,001	3.3	%

_____________________

(1)Portfolio balance includes non-accrual pool groups. The EIR presented is only for pool groups that accrete portfolio revenue.

(2)Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

Servicing revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased as compared to servicing revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. The decreases were primarily attributable to reduced service demand from BPO clients and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, which was primarily the result of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

Other revenues increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, primarily driven by the increased sale of real estate assets, the increases were partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, which was primarily the result of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound and Euro.

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes operating expenses for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	98,880	$	97,774		1.1	%
Cost of legal collections	55,148		66,900		(11,752)	(17.6)	%
General and administrative expenses	34,967		34,823		144	0.4	%
Other operating expenses	27,405		28,228		(823)	(2.9)	%
Collection agency commissions	9,923		13,677		(3,754)	(27.4)	%
Depreciation and amortization	11,646		12,046		(400)	(3.3)	%
Total operating expenses	$	237,969	$	253,448		(6.1)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	195,836	$	194,230		0.8	%
Cost of legal collections	110,865		134,042		(23,177)	(17.3)	%
General and administrative expenses	68,501		66,971		1,530	2.3	%
Other operating expenses	54,432		56,669		(2,237)	(3.9)	%
Collection agency commissions	19,528		26,501		(6,973)	(26.3)	%
Depreciation and amortization	23,475		23,558		(83)	(0.4)	%
Total operating expenses	$	472,637	$	501,971		(5.8)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

Our operating results are impacted by foreign currency translation, which represents the effect of translating operating results where the functional currency is different than our U.S. dollar reporting currency. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies has a favorable impact on our international operating expenses, and the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies has an unfavorable impact on our international operating expenses. Our operating expenses were favorably impacted by foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound by approximately 11.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021, and by approximately 7.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Operating expenses are explained in more detail as follows:

Salaries and Employee Benefits

The increases in salaries and employee benefits during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were primarily due to the following reasons:

•Increased salaries due to market adjustments;

•The increases were partially offset by decrease of headcount in our international locations and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

Table of Contents

Cost of Legal Collections

Cost of legal collections primarily includes contingent fees paid to our external network of attorneys and the cost of litigation. We pursue legal collections using a network of attorneys that specialize in collection matters and through our internal legal channel. Under the agreements with our contracted attorneys, we advance certain out-of-pocket court costs. Cost of legal collections does not include internal legal channel employee costs, which are included in salaries and employee benefits in our consolidated statements of income.

The following table summarizes our cost of legal collections during the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Change
Court costs	$	30,742	$	39,736		(22.6)	%
Legal collection fees	24,406		27,164		(2,758)	(10.2)	%
Total cost of legal collections	$	55,148	$	66,900		(17.6)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Change
Court costs	$	61,578	$	81,396		(24.3)	%
Legal collection fees	49,287		52,646		(3,359)	(6.4)	%
Total cost of legal collections	$	110,865	$	134,042		(17.3)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

The decreases of cost of legal collections during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, were primarily due to the following reasons:

•Decreased legal collection fees driven by decreased legal channel collections;

•Decreased court costs due to fewer placements in the legal collection channel;

•Favorable impact of foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

General and Administrative Expenses

The increases in general and administrative expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were primarily due to the following reasons:

•Increased general and administrative expense associated with our return to the office initiatives.

•The increase was partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses decreased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily due to reduced expenditures for postage and printing and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

Collection Agency Commissions

Collection agency commissions are commissions paid to third-party collection agencies. Collections through the collections agencies channel are predominately in Europe and vary from period to period depending on, among other things, the number of accounts placed with an agency versus accounts collected internally. Commission rates vary depending on, among other things, the amount of time that has passed since the charge-off of the accounts placed with an agency, the asset class, and the geographic location of the receivables. Generally, freshly charged-off accounts have a lower commission rate than accounts that have been charged off for a longer period of time, and commission rates for purchased bankruptcy portfolios are lower than the commission rates for charged-off credit card accounts.

Table of Contents

Depreciation and Amortization

The decreases in depreciation and amortization expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were primarily related to the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound.

Interest Expense

The following tables summarize our interest expense (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Change
Stated interest on debt obligations	$	33,102	$	39,505		(16.2)	%
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,618		4,155		(537)	(12.9)	%
Amortization of debt discount	334		499		(165)	(33.1)	%
Total interest expense	$	37,054	$	44,159		(16.1)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change	% Change
Stated interest on debt obligations	$	63,539	$	81,281		(21.8)	%
Amortization of debt issuance costs	7,469		8,552		(1,083)	(12.7)	%
Amortization of debt discount	679		852		(173)	(20.3)	%
Total interest expense	$	71,687	$	90,685		(20.9)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

The decreases in interest expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were primarily due to the following reasons:

•Lower average debt balances;

•Decreased interest rates as a result of various refinancing transactions in recent periods;

•The favorable impact of foreign currency translation, primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound and Euro.

Other Income

Other income or expense consists primarily of foreign currency exchange gains or losses, interest income, and gains or losses recognized on certain transactions outside of our normal course of business. Other income was $1.8 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Other income was 2.2 million and $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes and effective tax rate are as follows for the periods presented ($ in thousands):

		Three Months Ended<br>June 30,								Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022				2021				2022				2021
Provision for income taxes		$	23,250			$	24,607			$	78,274			$	51,575
Effective tax rate		27.8		%		20.3		%		24.9		%		21.2		%

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate was primarily due to the proportion of income earned in higher tax rate jurisdictions compared to lower tax rate jurisdictions. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate was primarily due to a tax benefit recognized on the U.K. tax rate adjustment which passed legislation in Q2 2021, and is effective from April 2023.

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Non-GAAP Disclosure

In addition to the financial information prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), we provide historical non-GAAP financial information. Management believes that the presentation of such non-GAAP financial information is meaningful and useful in understanding the activities and business metrics of our operations. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures reflect an additional way of viewing aspects of our business that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provide a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business.

Management believes that the presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency and facilitates comparison of operating results across a broad spectrum of companies with varying capital structures, compensation strategies, derivative instruments, and amortization methods, which provide a more complete understanding of our financial performance, competitive position, and prospects for the future. Readers should consider the information in addition to, but not instead of, our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP financial information may be determined or calculated differently by other companies, limiting the usefulness of these measures for comparative purposes.

Adjusted EBITDA. Management utilizes adjusted EBITDA (defined as net income before interest income and expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition, integration and restructuring related expenses, and other charges or gains that are not indicative of ongoing operations), in the evaluation of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended<br>June 30,						Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
GAAP net income, as reported		$	60,439		$	96,787		$	236,188		$	191,552
Adjustments:
Interest expense		37,054			44,159			71,687			90,685
Interest income		(588)			(426)			(1,025)			(900)
Provision for income taxes		23,250			24,607			78,274			51,575
Depreciation and amortization		11,646			12,046			23,475			23,558
Stock-based compensation expense		5,119			5,651			9,040			9,056
Acquisition, integration and restructuring related expenses(1)		487			—			1,166			—
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			9,300			—			9,300
Adjusted EBITDA		$	137,407		$	192,124		$	418,805		$	374,826
Collections applied to principal balance(2)		$	170,112		$	224,074		$	223,679		$	453,584

________________________

(1)Amount represents acquisition, integration and restructuring related expenses. We adjust for this amount because we believe these expenses are not indicative of ongoing operations; therefore, adjusting for these expenses enhances comparability to prior periods, anticipated future periods, and our competitors’ results.

(2)Collections applied to principal balance is calculated in the table below:

	Three Months Ended<br>June 30,				Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Collections applied to investment in receivable portfolios, net	$	191,429	$	284,277	$	406,738	$	552,720
Less: Changes in recoveries	(25,150)		(66,178)		(192,373)		(110,715)
REO proceeds applied to basis	3,833		5,975		9,314		11,579
Collections applied to principal balance	$	170,112	$	224,074	$	223,679	$	453,584

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Supplemental Performance Data

The tables included in this supplemental performance data section include detail for purchases, collections and ERC by year of purchase.

Our collection expectations are based on account characteristics and economic variables. Additional adjustments are made to account for qualitative factors that may affect the payment behavior of our consumers and servicing related adjustments to ensure our collection expectations are aligned with our operations. We continue to refine our process of forecasting collections both domestically and internationally with a focus on operational enhancements. Our collection expectations vary between types of portfolio and geographic location. For example, in the U.K., due to the higher concentration of payment plans, as compared to the U.S. and other locations in Europe, we expect to receive streams of collections over longer periods of time. As a result, past performance of pools in certain geographic locations or of certain types of portfolio are not necessarily a suitable indicator of future results in other locations or for other types of portfolio.

The supplemental performance data presented in this section is impacted by foreign currency translation, which represents the effect of translating financial results where the functional currency of our foreign subsidiary is different than our U.S. dollar reporting currency. For example, the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies has an unfavorable reporting impact on our international purchases, collections, and ERC, and the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies has a favorable impact on our international purchases, collections, and ERC.

We utilize proprietary forecasting models to continuously evaluate the economic life of each pool.

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Cumulative Collections Money Multiple - Cumulative Collections from Purchased Receivables to Purchase Price Multiple

The following table summarizes our receivable purchases, related gross collections, and cumulative collections money multiples (in thousands, except multiples):

Year of<br>Purchase		Purchase<br><br>Price(1)			Cumulative Collections through June 30, 2022
	<2013			2013			2014			2015			2016			2017			2018			2019			2020			2021			2022			Total(2)			CCMM(3)
United States:
<2013		$	2,692,552		$	4,931,172		$	904,731		$	650,989		$	470,442		$	320,000		$	229,963		$	170,377		$	136,627		$	104,898		$	92,172		$	39,169		$	8,050,540	3.0
2013		551,865			—			230,051			397,646			298,068			203,386			147,503			107,399			84,665			64,436			59,859			24,503			1,617,516		2.9
2014		517,650			—			—			144,178			307,814			216,357			142,147			94,929			69,059			47,628			34,896			13,597			1,070,605		2.1
2015		499,056			—			—			—			105,610			231,102			186,391			125,673			85,042			64,133			42,774			13,970			854,695		1.7
2016		553,121			—			—			—			—			110,875			283,035			234,690			159,279			116,452			87,717			29,388			1,021,436		1.8
2017		527,859			—			—			—			—			—			111,902			315,853			255,048			193,328			144,243			49,002			1,069,376		2.0
2018		629,877			—			—			—			—			—			—			175,042			351,696			308,302			228,919			83,650			1,147,609		1.8
2019		676,144			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			174,693			416,315			400,250			146,018			1,137,276		1.7
2020		538,637			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			213,450			430,514			175,644			819,608		1.5
2021		405,316			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			120,354			129,889			250,243		0.6
2022		209,897			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			21,022			21,022		0.1
Subtotal		7,801,974			4,931,172			1,134,782			1,192,813			1,181,934			1,081,720			1,100,941			1,223,963			1,316,109			1,528,942			1,641,698			725,852			17,059,926		2.2
Europe:
2013		619,079			—			134,259			249,307			212,129			165,610			146,993			132,663			113,228			93,203			93,907			37,679			1,378,978		2.2
2014		623,129			—			—			135,549			198,127			156,665			137,806			129,033			105,337			84,255			84,169			35,392			1,066,333		1.7
2015		419,941			—			—			—			65,870			127,084			103,823			88,065			72,277			55,261			57,817			22,824			593,021		1.4
2016		258,218			—			—			—			—			44,641			97,587			83,107			63,198			51,609			51,017			21,602			412,761		1.6
2017		461,571			—			—			—			—			—			68,111			152,926			118,794			87,549			86,107			33,377			546,864		1.2
2018		433,302			—			—			—			—			—			—			49,383			118,266			78,846			80,629			33,467			360,591		0.8
2019		273,354			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			44,118			80,502			88,448			34,658			247,726		0.9
2020		116,899			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			22,721			59,803			24,978			107,502		0.9
2021		255,788			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			43,082			34,898			77,980		0.3
2022		131,980			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			10,797			10,797		0.1
Subtotal		3,593,261			—			134,259			384,856			476,126			494,000			554,320			635,177			635,218			553,946			644,979			289,672			4,802,553		1.3
Other geographies(4):
All vintages		340,283			—			10,465			29,828			42,665			109,884			112,383			108,480			75,601			28,960			20,682			1,601			540,549		1.6
Subtotal		340,283			—			10,465			29,828			42,665			109,884			112,383			108,480			75,601			28,960			20,682			1,601			540,549		1.6
Total		$	11,735,518		$	4,931,172		$	1,279,506		$	1,607,497		$	1,700,725		$	1,685,604		$	1,767,644		$	1,967,620		$	2,026,928		$	2,111,848		$	2,307,359		$	1,017,125		$	22,403,028	1.9

________________________

(1)Adjusted for Put-Backs and Recalls. Put-Backs (“Put-Backs”) and recalls (“Recalls”) represent ineligible accounts that are returned by us or recalled by the seller pursuant to specific guidelines as set forth in the respective purchase agreement.

(2)Cumulative collections from inception through June 30, 2022, excluding collections on behalf of others.

(3)Cumulative Collections Money Multiple (“CCMM”) through June 30, 2022 refers to cumulative collections as a multiple of purchase price.

(4)Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

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Purchase Price Multiple - Total Estimated Collections from Purchased Receivables to Purchase Price Multiple

The following table summarizes our purchases, resulting historical gross collections, estimated remaining gross collections from purchased receivables, and purchase price multiple (in thousands, except multiples):

	Purchase Price(1)		Historical<br><br>Collections(2)		Estimated <br>Remaining <br>Collections		Total Estimated<br>Gross Collections		Purchase Price Multiple(3)
United States:
<2012	$	2,143,750	$	6,738,956	$	126,930	$	6,865,886	3.2
2012	548,802		1,311,584		55,156		1,366,740		2.5
2013(4)	551,865		1,617,516		136,267		1,753,783		3.2
2014(4)	517,650		1,070,605		65,738		1,136,343		2.2
2015	499,056		854,695		62,541		917,236		1.8
2016	553,121		1,021,436		127,747		1,149,183		2.1
2017	527,859		1,069,376		217,470		1,286,846		2.4
2018	629,877		1,147,609		345,503		1,493,112		2.4
2019	676,144		1,137,276		630,224		1,767,500		2.6
2020	538,637		819,608		708,945		1,528,553		2.8
2021	405,316		250,243		742,769		993,012		2.4
2022	209,897		21,022		435,104		456,126		2.2
Subtotal	7,801,974		17,059,926		3,654,394		20,714,320		2.7
Europe:
2013(4)	619,079		1,378,978		589,918		1,968,896		3.2
2014(4)	623,129		1,066,333		467,607		1,533,940		2.5
2015(4)	419,941		593,021		301,360		894,381		2.1
2016	258,218		412,761		254,623		667,384		2.6
2017	461,571		546,864		372,021		918,885		2.0
2018	433,302		360,591		426,755		787,346		1.8
2019	273,354		247,726		369,766		617,492		2.3
2020	116,899		107,502		232,829		340,331		2.9
2021	255,788		77,980		454,634		532,614		2.1
2022	131,980		10,797		261,568		272,365		2.1
Subtotal	3,593,261		4,802,553		3,731,081		8,533,634		2.4
Other geographies(5):
All vintages	340,283		540,549		56,248		596,797		1.8
Subtotal	340,283		540,549		56,248		596,797		1.8
Total	$	11,735,518	$	22,403,028	$	7,441,723	$	29,844,751	2.5

________________________

(1)Purchase price refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire a portfolio less Put-backs, Recalls, and other adjustments. Put-Backs and Recalls represent ineligible accounts that are returned by us or recalled by the seller pursuant to specific guidelines as set forth in the respective purchase agreement.

(2)Cumulative collections from inception through June 30, 2022, excluding collections on behalf of others.

(3)Purchase Price Multiple represents total estimated gross collections divided by the purchase price.

(4)Includes portfolios acquired in connection with certain business combinations.

(5)Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

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Estimated Remaining Gross Collections by Year of Purchase

The following table summarizes our estimated remaining gross collections from purchased receivable portfolios and estimated future cash flows from real estate-owned assets (in thousands):

	Estimated Remaining Gross Collections by Year of Purchase(1)
	2022(3)		2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		2029		2030		>2030		Total(2)
United States:
<2012	$	22,736	$	34,819	$	24,132	$	16,538	$	11,282	$	7,597	$	4,927	$	2,928	$	1,529	$	442	$	126,930
2012	9,335		14,258		9,959		6,973		4,884		3,421		2,397		1,679		1,177		1,073		55,156
2013(4)	22,821		33,965		24,055		17,052		12,089		8,571		6,077		4,309		3,055		4,273		136,267
2014(4)	11,003		16,815		11,475		8,068		5,691		4,015		2,834		2,001		1,414		2,422		65,738
2015	11,151		16,597		11,049		7,317		4,995		3,518		2,483		1,755		1,244		2,432		62,541
2016	22,365		33,909		22,770		15,303		10,225		7,050		4,962		3,500		2,474		5,189		127,747
2017	38,684		56,508		37,891		25,802		17,918		12,309		8,582		6,054		4,283		9,439		217,470
2018	66,480		97,747		61,890		40,812		27,016		17,829		11,504		7,747		5,117		9,361		345,503
2019	115,594		172,985		116,009		76,274		50,520		33,648		22,328		14,637		9,855		18,374		630,224
2020	135,071		196,628		129,631		86,039		55,817		36,591		24,112		15,835		10,291		18,930		708,945
2021	118,712		222,681		132,106		84,128		57,792		39,111		27,257		19,251		13,677		28,054		742,769
2022	55,214		118,852		92,059		54,106		35,650		24,989		16,763		11,751		8,322		17,398		435,104
Subtotal	629,166		1,015,764		673,026		438,412		293,879		198,649		134,226		91,447		62,438		117,387		3,654,394
Europe:
2013(4)	35,998		66,784		61,222		55,367		50,313		45,626		41,493		37,594		34,106		161,415		589,918
2014(4)	31,484		57,804		51,676		46,026		40,925		36,196		32,391		28,851		25,889		116,365		467,607
2015(4)	20,509		38,114		33,231		29,597		27,131		23,383		20,934		18,590		16,543		73,328		301,360
2016	21,449		38,288		31,849		27,471		23,479		19,264		16,576		13,962		12,130		50,155		254,623
2017	30,927		54,957		45,709		38,749		33,357		29,019		24,271		21,146		18,125		75,761		372,021
2018	31,083		60,960		54,089		45,834		39,863		33,845		29,093		24,677		20,845		86,466		426,755
2019	31,981		56,635		48,600		41,172		34,284		27,738		22,987		19,887		16,824		69,658		369,766
2020	22,604		39,672		33,555		28,836		24,041		17,713		12,844		10,913		8,395		34,256		232,829
2021	34,151		64,881		57,599		50,304		44,291		37,886		32,510		27,301		22,310		83,401		454,634
2022	17,201		38,808		35,532		30,445		25,789		22,170		19,408		16,957		13,798		41,460		261,568
Subtotal	277,387		516,903		453,062		393,801		343,473		292,840		252,507		219,878		188,965		792,265		3,731,081
Other geographies(5):
All vintages	4,816		9,114		8,116		6,822		4,332		2,475		2,249		2,249		2,249		13,826		56,248
Subtotal	4,816		9,114		8,116		6,822		4,332		2,475		2,249		2,249		2,249		13,826		56,248
Portfolio ERC	911,369		1,541,781		1,134,204		839,035		641,684		493,964		388,982		313,574		253,652		923,478		7,441,723
REO ERC(6)	8,633		37,520		44,431		20,375		3,352		1,007		1,616		980		183		—		118,097
Total ERC	$	920,002	$	1,579,301	$	1,178,635	$	859,410	$	645,036	$	494,971	$	390,598	$	314,554	$	253,835	$	923,478	$	7,559,820

________________________

(1)As of June 30, 2022, ERC for Zero Basis Portfolios include approximately $75.7 million for purchased consumer and bankruptcy receivables in the United States. ERC for Zero Basis Portfolios in Europe and other geographies was immaterial. ERC also includes approximately $56.2 million from cost recovery portfolios, primarily in other geographies.

(2)Represents the expected remaining gross cash collections over a 180-month period. As of June 30, 2022, ERC for 84-month and 120-month periods were:

	84-Month ERC		120-Month ERC
United States	$	3,433,083	$	3,595,015
Europe	2,644,881		3,180,086
Other geographies	39,049		45,798
Portfolio ERC	6,117,013		6,820,899
REO ERC	117,566		118,097
Total ERC	$	6,234,579	$	6,938,996

(3)Amount for 2022 consists of six months data from July 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022.

(4)Includes portfolios acquired in connection with certain business combinations.

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(5)Annual pool groups for other geographies have been aggregated for disclosure purposes.

(6)Real estate-owned assets ERC includes approximately $116.6 million and $1.5 million of estimated future cash flows for Europe and Other Geographies, respectively.

Estimated Future Collections Applied to Investment in Receivable Portfolios

As of June 30, 2022, we had $3.0 billion in investment in receivable portfolios. The estimated future collections applied to the investment in receivable portfolios net balance is as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31,	United States		Europe		Other Geographies		Total
2022(1)	$	250,198	$	95,256	$	4,792	$	350,246
2023	440,411		180,479		8,182		629,072
2024	292,803		161,864		5,962		460,629
2025	184,279		141,591		4,880		330,750
2026	121,777		125,776		2,867		250,420
2027	81,487		105,367		1,632		188,486
2028	54,298		90,396		1,485		146,179
2029	36,966		79,945		1,485		118,396
2030	25,457		68,519		1,485		95,461
2031	17,684		62,474		1,485		81,643
2032	12,323		58,224		1,485		72,032
2033	8,869		57,420		834		67,123
2034	6,389		58,378		—		64,767
2035	4,891		61,798		—		66,689
2036	3,447		69,533		—		72,980
2037	1,463		38,787		—		40,250
Total	$	1,542,742	$	1,455,807	$	36,574	$	3,035,123

________________________

(1)Amount for 2022 consists of six months data from July 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022.

Cash Efficiency Margin

Cash efficiency margin facilitates a comparison of cash receipts to operating expenses and enhances visibility into operating expense management. The following table summarizes our cash efficiency margin calculation for the periods indicated (in thousands, except for percentages):

	Last Twelve Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			Change
Collections	$	2,105,596		$	2,295,242		(8.3)%
Servicing revenue	$	106,132		$	127,068		(16.5)%
Cash receipts (A)	$	2,211,728		$	2,422,310		(8.7)%
Operating expenses (B)	$	951,893		$	1,021,589		(6.8)%
LTM Cash Efficiency Margin (A-B)/A	57.0		%	57.8		%	-80 bps

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Purchases by Quarter

The following table summarizes the receivable portfolios we purchased by quarter, and the respective purchase prices and fair value (in thousands):

Quarter	# of<br>Accounts	Face Value		Purchase <br>Price
Q1 2020	943	$	1,703,022	$	214,113
Q2 2020	754	1,305,875		147,939
Q3 2020	735	1,782,733		170,131
Q4 2020	558	1,036,332		127,689
Q1 2021	749	1,328,865		170,178
Q2 2021	612	1,151,623		142,728
Q3 2021	767	1,403,794		168,188
Q4 2021	861	1,888,198		183,435
Q1 2022	652	1,176,749		169,505
Q2 2022	768	1,849,188		173,007

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	98,530	$	148,965
Net cash provided by investing activities	35,107		240,697
Net cash used in financing activities	(155,600)		(369,647)

Operating Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating activities represent the cash receipts and disbursements related to all of our activities other than investing and financing activities.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $98.5 million and $149.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Operating cash flows are derived by adjusting net income for non-cash operating items such as depreciation and amortization, changes in recoveries, stock-based compensation charges, and changes in operating assets and liabilities which reflect timing differences between the receipt and payment of cash associated with transactions and when they are recognized in results of operations.

Investing Cash Flows

Cash flows relating to investing activities is primarily affected by receivable portfolio purchases offset by collection proceeds applied to the investment in receivable portfolios.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $35.1 million and $240.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Receivable portfolio purchases, net of put-backs, were $337.9 million and $306.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Collection proceeds applied to the investment in receivable portfolios, were $406.7 million and $552.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Financing Cash Flows

Financing cash flows are generally affected by borrowings under our credit facilities and proceeds from various debt offerings, offset by repayments of amounts outstanding under our credit facilities and repayments of various notes.

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Net cash used in financing activities was $155.6 million and $369.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Borrowings under our credit facilities were $446.9 million and $358.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Repayments of amounts outstanding under our credit facilities were $298.7 million and $511.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We paid $221.2 million and $161.0 million to settle our convertible senior notes using cash on hand and drawings under our Global Senior Facility during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Capital Resources

Historically, we have met our cash requirements by utilizing our cash flows from operations, cash collections from our investment in receivable portfolios, bank borrowings, debt offerings, and equity offerings. Depending on the capital markets, we consider additional financings to fund our operations and acquisitions. Our primary capital resources are cash collections from our investment in receivable portfolios and bank borrowings. From time to time, we may repurchase outstanding debt or equity and/or restructure or refinance debt obligations. Our primary cash requirements have included the purchase of receivable portfolios, entity acquisitions, operating expenses, the payment of interest and principal on borrowings, and the payment of income taxes.

We are in material compliance with all covenants under our financing arrangements. See “Note 7: Borrowings” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a further discussion of our debt. Available capacity under our Global Senior Facility, after taking into account applicable debt covenants, was $575.5 million as of June 30, 2022.

Our Board of Directors has approved a $300.0 million share repurchase program. Repurchases under this program are expected to be made from cash on hand and/or a drawing from our Global Senior Facility and may be made from time to time, subject to market conditions and other factors, in the open market, through private transactions, block transactions, or other methods as determined by our management and Board of Directors, and in accordance with market conditions, other corporate considerations, and applicable regulatory requirements. The program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at our discretion. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we repurchased 424,091 and 823,613 shares of our common stock for approximately $25.1 million and $50.7 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company repurchased 604,995 and 1,122,855 shares of its common stock for approximately $27.0 million and $47.4 million, respectively. Our practice is to retire the shares repurchased.

Our cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2022 consisted of $18.4 million held by U.S.-based entities and $135.9 million held by foreign entities. Most of our cash and cash equivalents held by foreign entities is indefinitely reinvested and may be subject to material tax effects if repatriated. However, we believe that our sources of cash and liquidity are sufficient to meet our business needs in the United States and do not expect that we will need to repatriate the funds.

Included in cash and cash equivalents is cash that was collected on behalf of, and remains payable to, third-party clients. The balance of cash held for clients was $19.2 million as of June 30, 2022.

Cash from operations could also be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, timing of cash collections from our consumers, and other risks detailed in our Risk Factors. However, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months, given our expectation of continued positive cash flows from operations, cash collections from our investment in receivable portfolios, our cash and cash equivalents, our access to capital markets, and availability under our credit facilities. Our future cash needs will depend on our acquisitions of portfolios and businesses.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Refer to “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates. As of June 30, 2022, there had not been a material change in any of the foreign currency risk information disclosed in Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Interest Rates. As of June 30, 2022, there had not been a material change in the interest rate risk information disclosed in Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Attached as exhibits to this Form 10-Q are the certifications required by Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This section includes information concerning the controls and controls evaluation referred to in the certifications.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of June 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Remediation

As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weakness mentioned above. The weakness will not be considered remediated, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed no later than December 31, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

Information with respect to this item may be found in “Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies,” to the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

Except for the additional risk factor set forth below, there is no material change in the information reported under “Part I-Item 1A-Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and “Part II-Item 1A-Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.

We may not be able to recruit and retain key employees and workers in a competitive labor market.

If we cannot successfully recruit and retain key employees and workers or if we experience the unexpected loss of those employees, our operations may be negatively affected. In addition, cost inflation may require us to enhance our compensation in order to compete effectively in the hiring and retention of employees.

Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 424,091 shares of our common stock for approximately $25.1 million. The following table presents information with respect to purchases of common stock of the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2022, by the Company or an “affiliated purchaser” of the Company, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average<br>Price Paid<br>Per Share		Total Number of<br><br>Shares Purchased<br><br>as Part of Publicly<br><br>Announced Plans<br><br>or Programs(1)(2)	Maximum Number<br><br>of Shares (or<br><br>Approximate Dollar<br><br>Value) That May<br><br>Yet Be Purchased<br><br>Under the Publicly<br><br>Announced Plans<br><br>or Programs(1)
April 1, 2022 to April 30, 2022	135,215	$	59.90	135,215	$	145,102,653
May 1, 2022 to May 31, 2022	143,774	$	59.13	143,774	$	136,601,297
June 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022	145,102	$	58.61	145,102	$	128,096,868
Total	424,091	$	59.20	424,091	$	128,096,868

________________________

(1)On August 12, 2015, we publicly announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a stock repurchase program for the Company to purchase $50.0 million of our Company’s common stock. On May 5, 2021, we publicly announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a $250.0 million increase to the stock repurchase program, which increased the size of the program from $50.0 million to $300.0 million.

(2)This column discloses the number of shares purchased pursuant to the program during the indicated time periods.

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Item 6 – Exhibits

Number	Description
3.1.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed on June 14, 1999, File No. 333-77483)
3.1.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2002, File No. 000-26489)
3.1.3	Second Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 7, 2019)
3.2	Bylaws, as amended through February 8, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 14, 2011)
10.1	Non-Employee Director Compensation Program Guidelines, effective June 10, 2022 (filed herewith)
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith)
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. (filed herewith)
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (filed herewith)
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
By:	/s/ Jonathan C. Clark
	Jonathan C. Clark
	Executive Vice President,
	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
	/s/ Peter Reck
	Peter Reck
	Vice President,
	Chief Accounting Officer

Date: August 3, 2022

50

Document

Exhibit 10.1

Exhibit 10.1

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION PROGRAM GUIDELINES

Approved by the Board of Directors effective on June 10, 2022

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION PROGRAM GUIDELINES

Table of Contents

Section 1        Definitions

Section 2        Purpose of Guidelines

Section 3        Term of Guidelines; Amendment and Termination of Guidelines

Section 4        Administration

Section 5        Eligibility and Participation

Section 6        Compensation

Section 7        Miscellaneous

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION PROGRAM GUIDELINES

1.0DEFINITIONS

The following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context indicates otherwise:

1.1“2017 Plan” shall mean the Company’s 2013 Incentive Compensation Plan or the 2017 Incentive Award Plan, as applicable, as such plans may be amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time, and any successors to such plans.

1.2“Annual Meeting Date” shall mean the date of the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders for a given calendar year.

1.3“Beneficiary” shall mean a beneficiary or beneficiaries designated in writing by a Non-Employee Director to receive any compensation under these Guidelines in the event of a Non-Employee Director’s death. If no Beneficiary is designated by the Non-Employee Director, then the Non-Employee Director’s estate shall be deemed to be the Non-Employee’s Beneficiary.

1.4“Board" shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

1.5“Business Day” means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or other day on which banking corporations in San Diego, California, are authorized or required by law to close.

1.6“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, including applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.

1.7“Committee” shall mean the Board’s Compensation Committee.

1.8“Company” shall mean Encore Capital Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

1.9“Deferred Compensation Plan” means the Company’s Non-Employee Director Deferred Stock Compensation Plan, as such plan may be amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time, and any successor to such plan.

1.10“Director Service Year” shall mean the period beginning on a given Annual Meeting Date and ending on the date immediately preceding the next Annual Meeting Date.

1.11“Effective Date” shall mean June 10, 2022.

1.12“Equity Award” shall mean either a Stock Award or an RSU Award.

1.13“Equity Award Agreement" shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Non-Employee Director that establishes the terms, conditions, restrictions and/or limitations applicable to an Equity Award in addition to those established by these Guidelines and by the Committee's exercise of its administrative powers; provided, however, that if a Non-Employee Director defers receipt of any Equity Award pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan, then such Non-Employee Director’s deferral election, coupled with the terms and conditions set forth in the Deferred Compensation Plan, shall be deemed to constitute an “Equity Award Agreement.”

1.14“ERISA” shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, including applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.

1.15“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, including applicable regulations thereunder.

1.16“Fair Market Value of a Share" shall mean:

(a)if Shares are readily tradable on a national securities exchange or other market system, the closing price of a Share on the principal trading market for the Shares on the date of calculation (or on the last preceding trading date if Shares were not traded on such date), or

(b)if Shares are not readily tradable on a national securities exchange or other market system:

(i)the book value of a Share as of the last day of the last completed fiscal quarter preceding the date of calculation; or

(ii)any other value as otherwise determined in good faith by the Board.

1.17“Guidelines” shall mean the Encore Capital Group, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Program Guidelines.

1.18“Non-Employee Director” shall mean a member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company.

1.19“Quarterly Payment Date” shall mean September 1st, December 1st, March 1st, and June 1st in a given Director Service Year. By way of example, if the Annual Meeting Date for 20XX is June 15, 20XX and the Annual Meeting Date for 20YY is June 16, 20YY, then the “Quarterly Payment Dates” for the Director Service Year beginning on June 15, 20XX and ending on June 16, 20YY will be September 1, 20XX, December 1, 20XX, March 1, 20YY, and June 1, 20YY.

1.20“RSU Award” shall mean an Equity Award granted in the form of restricted stock units, and which shall be paid in Shares to the Non-Employee Director (or to his or her Beneficiary) pursuant to the terms of the Equity Award Agreement evidencing such Equity Award.

1.21“Share” shall mean a share of the Company’s common stock, $.01 par value.

1.22“Stock Award” shall mean an Equity Award granted in the form of Shares, and which shall be delivered to the Non-Employee Director (or his or her Beneficiary) in accordance with Section 6 below.

1.23“Stock Ownership and Retention Guidelines” means the Company’s Stock Ownership and Retention Guidelines as adopted by the Board, as such guidelines may be amended, supplemented, and modified from time to time.

1.24“Treasury Regulation” shall mean the regulations promulgated under the Code by the United States Department of the Treasury, as amended from time to time.

1.25“Voting Members” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4.

2.0PURPOSE OF GUIDELINES

2.1Purpose. The purpose of these Guidelines is to implement and administer the Company’s compensation program for Non-Employee Directors, which was originally adopted by the Board on December 7, 2011; amended by the Committee on May 13, 2014; further amended by the Board on December 17, 2014, effective January 1, 2015; further amended by the Board on April 21, 2016, effective June 1, 2016; further amended by the Board on December 6, 2017, effective on January 1, 2018; further amended by the Board on August 28, 2018, effective on September 1, 2018; and further amended by the Board on June 17, 2020, and further amended by the Board effective on the Effective Date.

2.2ERISA. The director compensation program is not intended to be an employee benefit plan under ERISA, and thus the program and these Guidelines are intended to not be subject to ERISA.

2.3Code Section 409A. The program and these Guidelines are intended to be fully compliant with Code Section 409A.

3.0TERM OF GUIDELINES; AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF GUIDELINES

3.1Term. These Guidelines shall be effective as of the Effective Date and shall terminate only when terminated by the Committee in accordance with Section 3.2 below.

3.2Termination of Guidelines. The Committee may suspend or terminate these Guidelines at any time with or without prior notice; provided, however, that no action authorized by this Section 3.2 shall reduce the amount of any outstanding Equity Award or otherwise adversely change the terms and conditions thereof without the Non-Employee Director’s prior written consent.

3.3Amendment of Guidelines. The Committee may amend these Guidelines at any time with or without prior notice; provided, however, that no action authorized by this Section 3.3 shall reduce the amount of any outstanding Equity Award or otherwise adversely change the terms and conditions thereof without the Non-Employee Director’s prior written consent.

3.4Amendment or Cancellation of Equity Award Agreements. Subject to the provisions of the 2017 Plan, the Committee may amend or modify any Equity Award Agreement at any time; provided, however, that if the amendment or modification adversely affects the Non-Employee Director, such amendment or modification shall be by mutual agreement between the Committee and the Non-Employee Director or such other persons as may then have an interest therein.

3.5Restrictions to Amendment of Guidelines. Notwithstanding anything contained in these Guidelines to the contrary, any amendment to these Guidelines or to any Equity Award Agreement that would result in compensation payable under these Guidelines to be subject to the penalty tax imposed by Code Section 409A shall be null and void and of no effect as if these Guidelines had never been amended.

4.0ADMINISTRATION

4.1Responsibility. The Committee shall have the responsibility, in its sole discretion, to control, operate, manage and administer these Guidelines in accordance with its terms.

4.2Award Agreement. Each Equity Award granted under these Guidelines shall be evidenced by an Equity Award Agreement, which shall be signed by an authorized officer of the Company and the Non-Employee Director; provided, however, that in the event of any conflict between a provision of

these Guidelines or the 2017 Plan and any provision of an Award Agreement, the provisions of these Guidelines or the 2017 Plan, as the case may be, shall control and prevail.

4.3Authority of the Committee. The Committee shall have all the discretionary authority that may be necessary or helpful to enable it to discharge its responsibilities with respect to these Guidelines, including but not limited to the following:

(a)to determine eligibility for participation in these Guidelines;

(b)to determine the number of Shares underlying an Equity Award granted under these Guidelines;

(c)to grant Equity Awards to, and to enter into Award Agreements with, Non-Employee Directors;

(d)to supply any omission, correct any defect, or reconcile any inconsistency in these Guidelines in such manner and to such extent as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion to carry the same into effect;

(e)to issue administrative guidelines as an aid to administer these Guidelines and make changes in such administrative guidelines as it from time to time deems proper;

(f)to make rules for carrying out and administering these Guidelines and make changes in such rules as it from time to time deems proper;

(g)to the extent permitted under these Guidelines, grant waivers of Guidelines terms, conditions, restrictions, and limitations;

(h)to maintain these Guidelines’ full compliance with the 2017 Plan and Code Section 409A; and

(i)to take any and all other actions it deems necessary or advisable for the proper operation or administration of these Guidelines.

4.4Action by the Committee. The Committee may act only by a majority of its members. Any determination of the Committee may be made, without a meeting, by a writing or writings signed by all of the members of the Committee. In addition, the Committee may authorize any one or more of its members or an officer of the Company to execute and deliver documents on behalf of the Committee.

4.5Delegation of Authority. The Committee may delegate to one or more of its members, or to one or more agents, such administrative duties as it may deem advisable; provided, however, that any such delegation shall be in writing. In addition, the Committee, or any person to whom it has delegated duties under this Section 4.5, may employ one or more persons to render advice with respect to any responsibility the Committee or such person may have under these Guidelines. The Committee may employ such legal or other counsel, consultants and agents as it may deem desirable for the administration of these Guidelines and may rely upon any opinion or computation received from any such counsel, consultant or agent. Expenses incurred by the Committee in the engagement of such counsel, consultant or agent shall be paid by the Company.

4.6Determinations and Interpretations by the Committee. All determinations and interpretations made by the Committee shall be binding and conclusive on all Non-Employee Directors and their heirs, successors, and legal representatives.

4.7Liability. No member of the Committee and no employee of the Company shall be liable for any act or failure to act hereunder, except in circumstances involving his or her bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct, or for any act or failure to act hereunder by any other member or employee or by any agent to whom duties in connection with the administration of these Guidelines have been delegated.

4.8Indemnification. The Company shall indemnify members of the Committee and any agent of the Committee against any and all liabilities or expenses to which they may be subjected by reason of any act or failure to act with respect to their duties on behalf of these Guidelines, except in circumstances involving such person's bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct.

5.0ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION

5.1Eligibility. All Non-Employee Directors shall be eligible to participate in the Company’s director compensation program and to receive compensation in accordance with these Guidelines.

5.2Participation. Each Non-Employee Director shall participate in the Company’s director compensation program and receive compensation in accordance with these Guidelines.

5.3Waiver of Compensation under These Guidelines. A Non-Employee Director may waive all or a portion of his or her compensation under these Guidelines at any time, provided that such waiver is in writing and provided that such waiver does not violate Code Section 409A.

6.0COMPENSATION

6.1Annual Cash Compensation. For each Director Service Year, each Non-Employee Director shall receive the following cash compensation for their annual service on the Board:

(a)An annual cash retainer of $75,000;

(b)If the Non-Employee Director is Chairman of the Board, an additional annual cash retainer of $120,000;

(c)If the Non-Employee Director is the chair of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Risk Committee or any other standing committee of the Board, an annual cash retainer of $25,000 for each position as chair;

(d)If the Non-Employee Director is a member (but not chair) of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Risk Committee, or any other standing committee established by the Board, an annual cash retainer of $10,000 for each position as member; and

(e)A $1,000 per meeting committee service fee for each committee of the Board on which the Non-Employee Director serves, for any committee meeting starting with the seventh (7th) meeting of such committee in a Director Service Year.

The cash payments under Sections 6.1(a), 6.1(b), 6.1(c), and 6.1(d) shall be paid quarterly, in arrears, as follows: 25% of each applicable payment shall be paid on or before the 5th Business Day following each Quarterly Payment Date for such Director Service Year. On each Quarterly Payment Date in a given Director Service Year, the Company shall determine the number of meetings held by each committee of the Board during such Director Service Year and, if such committee has met seven or more times during such Director Service Year, then the Company will also make cash payments to the members of such committee under Section 6.1(e) on such Quarterly Payment Date. If a Non-Employee Director’s service on the Board, on a given committee, or as Chairman of the Board or chair of a committee is less than the entire Director Service Year, then the above amounts shall be prorated to reflect the Non-Employee Director’s actual period of service on the Board, on a given committee, or as Chairman of the Board or chair of a given committee.

6.2Equity Awards. In addition to the annual cash compensation set forth in Section 6.1, for each Director Service Year, each Non-Employee Director shall receive an annual Equity Award retainer with a grant date fair market value equal to $145,000, to be granted on the 5th Business Day following the Annual Meeting Date for such Director Service Year; provided that if a person becomes a Non-Employee Director on a date other than the Annual Meeting Date for such Director Service Year, then the annual Equity Award retainer amount will be prorated to reflect the number of days remaining in such Director Service Year and the prorated annual Equity Award shall be granted on the 5th Business Day following the date the Non-Employee Director becomes a member of the Board.

6.3Terms and Conditions of Equity Awards. The Committee, in its sole discretion, may grant either Stock Awards or RSU Awards, or a combination of both. Equity Awards shall have the following terms and conditions:

(a)Each Equity Award shall be issued pursuant to and shall be subject to the 2017 Plan.

(b)Each Equity Award (other than Stock Awards) shall be evidenced by an Equity Award Agreement signed by the Non-Employee Director to whom it is granted and an authorized official of the Company.

(c)The number of shares underlying each Equity Award shall be determined by dividing the applicable dollar amount of the Equity Award by the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant, rounded down to whole Shares (i.e., any fractional shares shall be disregarded);

(d)Equity Awards shall be fully vested on the date of grant;

(e)Subject to the following sentence, all Shares underlying all Equity Awards granted to any Non-Employee Director shall be subject to the Stock Ownership and Retention Guidelines. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if the Equity Award is a Stock Award that is not deferred by the Non-Employee Director pursuant to Section 6.6, then the Non-Employee Director may sell a portion of the Shares issued pursuant to such Stock Award equal to an amount that would satisfy statutory minimum federal (including FICA and Social Security), state and local tax withholding requirements;

(f)If the award is a Stock Award that is not deferred pursuant to Section 6.6 below, then Shares (including appropriate legends if in certificate form) shall be issued in the Non-Employee Director’s name as soon as practicable after the applicable grant date;

(g)If the award is an RSU Award that is not further deferred pursuant to Section 6.6 below, Shares underlying such RSU Award shall be issued to the Non-Employee Director within 10 Business Days following the date that the Non-Employee Director is no longer a member of the Board;

(h)Stock Awards that have not been deferred pursuant to Section 6.6 shall have full voting and dividend rights in the same manner and to the same extent as such rights are extended to the Company’s shareholders; and

(i)RSU Awards shall have no voting rights but shall have dividend equivalent rights as set forth in the Equity Award Agreements for such RSU Awards.

6.4Clawback. Notwithstanding anything contained in these Guidelines to the contrary, if a Non-Employee Director is determined, in the sole discretion of the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the entire membership of the Board (excluding the Non-Employee Director whose compensation is at issue) (the “Voting Members”), by a resolution duly adopted by the Voting Members, to have not earned all or a portion of any compensation received from the Company because the Non-Employee Director has acted in a manner that is not in the Company’s best interests or has failed to act in a manner that is in the Company’s best interests during such member’s tenure on the Board or as a result of his or her failure to complete a full term of Board service for any reason, then, at the sole discretion of the Voting Members, any cash or Equity Award, or any portion thereof as determined by the Voting Members, held by such Non-Employee Director, shall as of the date of the adoption of such resolution be subject to forfeiture and all rights of the Non-Employee Director to or with respect to such forfeited cash and/or Equity Award shall terminate. With respect to any cash compensation or Shares actually received by such Non-Employee Director, if so resolved by the Voting Members in accordance with these Guidelines, at the Voting Members’ sole discretion, the Non-Employee Director may be required to pay back to the Company all or any portion of such cash compensation or deliver back to the Company all or any portion of such Shares as determined by the Voting Members. In the event that the Voting Members’ determination is based upon such Non-Employee Director’s action or inaction, as described above, then the Voting Members may consider whether any such repayment shall be assessed based on compensation received either at or after the time of the action or inaction. The Voting Members may also consider, if relevant, whether a prorated amount should be calculated for service rendered as a Board member, if the Non-Employee Director resigns before completing his or her service period as contemplated by periodic compensation payments.

6.5Expenses. The Company shall promptly reimburse a Non-Employee Director for his or her reasonable expenses reasonably incurred in connection with his or her service to the Board and the Company, subject to the Company’s reimbursement policy and the submission of written receipts or other valid documentation.

6.6Deferral. A Non-Employee Director may defer any compensation paid or granted under these Guidelines pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan.

6.7Stock Ownership and Retention Guidelines. Each Non-Employee Director will be subject to the Company’s Stock Ownership and Retention Guidelines.

7.0MISCELLANEOUS

7.1Listing of Awards and Related Matters. If at any time the Committee determines that the listing, registration or qualification of Equity Awards on any securities exchange or under any applicable law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory authority, is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the granting of an Equity Award, such Equity Award may not be exercised, distributed or paid out, as the case may be, in whole or in part, unless such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has been effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.

7.2No Right, Title, or Interest in Company Assets. Non-Employee Directors shall have no right, title, or interest whatsoever in or to any investments that the Company may make to aid it in meeting its obligations under these Guidelines. Nothing contained in these Guidelines, and no action taken pursuant to its provisions, shall create or be construed to create a trust of any kind, or a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Non-Employee Director, beneficiary, legal representative or any other person. To the extent that any person acquires a right to receive payments from the Company under these Guidelines, such right shall be no greater than the right of an unsecured general creditor of the Company. All payments to be made hereunder shall be paid from the general funds of the Company and no special or separate fund shall be established and no segregation of assets shall be made to assure payment of such amounts except as expressly set forth in these Guidelines.

7.3No Right to Continued Service. A Non-Employee Director's rights, if any, to continue to serve the Company as a member of the Board or otherwise shall not be enlarged or otherwise affected by these Guidelines, and the Company reserves the right to terminate the Non-Employee Director’s service to the Company in accordance with Company’s by-laws.

7.4Awards Subject to Foreign Laws. The Committee may grant Equity Awards to individual Non-Employee Directors who are subject to the tax and/or other laws of nations other than the United States, and such Equity Awards may have terms and conditions as determined by the Committee as necessary to comply with applicable foreign laws. The Committee may take any action that it deems advisable to obtain approval of such Equity Awards by the appropriate foreign governmental entity; provided, however, that no such Equity Awards may be granted pursuant to this Section 7.4 and no action may be taken which would result in a violation of the Exchange Act or any other applicable law.

7.5Governing Law. The Guidelines, all cash compensation and Equity Awards granted hereunder, and all actions taken in connection herewith shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without reference to principles of conflict of laws, except as superseded by applicable federal law.

* * * * *

Document

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Ashish Masih, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Encore Capital Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/S/ ASHISH MASIH
	Ashish Masih<br>President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 3, 2022

Document

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Jonathan C. Clark, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Encore Capital Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/S/ JONATHAN C. CLARK
	Jonathan C. Clark<br>Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Date: August 3, 2022

Document

Exhibit 32.1

ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Encore Capital Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ ASHISH MASIH
Ashish Masih
President and Chief Executive Officer

August 3, 2022

/s/ JONATHAN C. CLARK
Jonathan C. Clark
Executive Vice President,<br>Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

August 3, 2022

This certification accompanies the above described Report and is being furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall be not be deemed filed as part of the Report.