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Equibles

10-Q

Equity Bancshares Inc (EQBK)

10-Q 2023-08-09 For: 2023-06-30
View Original
Added on April 11, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 001-37624

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Kansas 72-1532188
(State or other jurisdiction of<br><br>incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer<br><br>Identification No.)
7701 East Kellogg Drive, Suite 300<br><br>Wichita, KS 67207
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 316.612.6000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class<br><br>Class A, Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Trading Symbol<br><br>EQBK Name of each exchange on which registered<br><br>New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of July 31, 2023, the registrant had 15,412,139 shares of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financial Information 5
Item 1. Financial Statements 5
Consolidated Balance Sheets 5
Consolidated Statements of Income 6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 7
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity 8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 10
Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements 13
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 49
Overview 50
Critical Accounting Policies 51
Results of Operations 52
Financial Condition 61
Liquidity and Capital Resources 70
Non-GAAP Financial Measures 72
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 75
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 76
Part II Other Information 77
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 77
Item 1A. Risk Factors 77
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 77
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 78
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 78
Item 5. Other Information 78
Item 6. Exhibits 79

Important Notice about Information in this Quarterly Report

Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company” and “Equity” refer to Equity Bancshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Equity Bank, which we sometimes refer to as “Equity Bank,” “the Bank” or “our Bank.”

The information contained in this Quarterly Report is accurate only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and as of the dates specified herein.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “goal,” “target,” “would” and “outlook,” or the negative variations of those words or other comparable words of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Item 1A - Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 9, 2023, and in Item 1A – Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:

• external economic and/or market factors, such as changes in monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Reserve, inflation or deflation, changes in the demand for loans, and fluctuations in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits which may have an adverse impact on our financial condition;

• losses resulting from a decline in the credit quality of the assets that we hold;

• the occurrence of various events that negatively impact the real estate market, since a significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate;

• inaccuracies or changes in the appraised value of real estate securing the loans we originate that could lead to losses if the real estate collateral is later foreclosed upon and sold at a price lower than the appraised value;

• the loss of our largest loan and depositor relationships;

• limitations on our ability to lend and to mitigate the risks associated with our lending activities as a result of our size and capital position;

• differences in our qualitative factors used in our calculation of the allowance for credit losses from actual results;

• inadequacies in our allowance for credit losses which could require us to take a charge to earnings and thereby adversely affect our financial condition;

• interest rate fluctuations which could have an adverse effect on our profitability;

• the impact of the transition from London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and our ability to adequately manage such transition;

• a continued economic downturn related to a pandemic, especially one affecting our core market areas;

• potential fraud related to Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loan applications through the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) as part of the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”);

• the effects of a pandemic or other widespread public health emergencies;

• the costs of integrating the businesses we acquire, which may be greater than expected;

• the departure of key members of our management personnel or our inability to hire qualified management personnel;

• challenges arising from unsuccessful attempts to expand into new geographic markets, products, or services;

• a lack of liquidity resulting from decreased loan repayment rates, lower deposit balances, or other factors;

• inaccuracies in our assumptions about future events which could result in material differences between our financial projections and actual financial performance;

• an inability to keep pace with the rate of technological advances due to a lack of resources to invest in new technologies;

• disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems;

• unauthorized access to nonpublic personal information of our customers, which could expose us to litigation or reputational harm;

• disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events affecting the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions;

• required implementation of new accounting standards that significantly change our existing recognition practices;

• additional regulatory requirements and restrictions on our business, which could impose additional costs on us;

• an increase in FDIC deposit insurance assessments, which could adversely affect our earnings;

• increased capital requirements imposed by banking regulators, which may require us to raise capital at a time when capital is not available on favorable terms or at all;

• restraints on the ability of Equity Bank to pay dividends to us, which could limit our liquidity;

• a failure in the internal controls we have implemented to address the risks inherent to the banking industry;

• continued or increasing competition from other financial institutions, credit unions, and non-bank financial services companies, many of which are subject to different regulations than we are;

• costs arising from the environmental risks associated with making loans secured by real estate;

• the occurrence of adverse weather or manmade events, which could negatively affect our core markets or disrupt our operations;

• the effects of new federal tax laws, or changes to existing federal tax laws;

• the obligation associated with being a public company requires significant resources and management attention;

• effect of pending and future litigation, including the results of the overdraft fee litigation against the Company that is described in this quarterly report;

• other factors that are discussed in “Item 1A - Risk Factors.”

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with other cautionary statements that are included in this Quarterly Report. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or verbal forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.

Item 1: Financial Statements

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

December 31,
2022
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks 262,604 $ 104,013
Federal funds sold 15,495 415
Cash and cash equivalents 278,099 104,428
Available-for-sale securities 1,094,748 1,184,390
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value of 2,236 and 1,973 2,216 1,948
Loans held for sale 2,456 349
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of 44,544 and 45,847 3,278,126 3,265,701
Other real estate owned, net 4,362 4,409
Premises and equipment, net 106,186 101,492
Bank-owned life insurance 123,451 123,176
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock 21,129 21,695
Interest receivable 21,360 20,630
Goodwill 53,101 53,101
Core deposit intangibles, net 8,760 10,596
Other 100,889 89,736
Total assets 5,094,883 $ 4,981,651
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits
Demand 978,968 $ 1,097,899
Total non-interest-bearing deposits 978,968 1,097,899
Demand, savings and money market 2,397,524 2,329,584
Time 854,458 814,324
Total interest-bearing deposits 3,251,982 3,143,908
Total deposits 4,230,950 4,241,807
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements 44,770 46,478
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 100,000 138,864
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 140,000 —
Subordinated debt 96,653 96,392
Contractual obligations 29,608 15,218
Interest payable and other liabilities 34,467 32,834
Total liabilities 4,676,448 4,571,593
Commitments and contingent liabilities, see Notes 11 and 12
Stockholders’ equity, see Note 7
Common stock 207 205
Additional paid-in capital 487,225 484,989
Retained earnings 160,715 140,095
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (110,225 ) (113,511 )
Treasury stock (119,487 ) (101,720 )
Total stockholders’ equity 418,435 410,058
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 5,094,883 $ 4,981,651

All values are in US Dollars.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

For the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)<br>Three Months Ended<br>June 30, (Unaudited)<br>Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest and dividend income
Loans, including fees $ 52,748 $ 36,849 $ 101,129 $ 73,155
Securities, taxable 5,813 5,584 11,760 10,975
Securities, nontaxable 568 678 1,237 1,333
Federal funds sold and other 2,127 513 3,253 813
Total interest and dividend income 61,256 43,624 117,379 86,276
Interest expense
Deposits 17,204 2,183 31,025 3,905
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements 192 46 387 79
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 953 176 1,971 185
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 1,528 — 1,663 —
Subordinated debt 1,950 1,653 3,794 3,252
Total interest expense 21,827 4,058 38,840 7,421
Net interest income 39,429 39,566 78,539 78,855
Provision (reversal) for credit losses 298 824 (68 ) 412
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses 39,131 38,742 78,607 78,443
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees 2,653 2,617 5,198 5,139
Debit card income 2,653 2,810 5,207 5,438
Mortgage banking 213 428 301 990
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance 757 736 2,340 1,601
Net Gain on acquisition and branch sales — 540 — 540
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions (1,322 ) (32 ) (1,290 ) 8
Other 1,996 2,538 3,794 4,943
Total non-interest income 6,950 9,637 15,550 18,659
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits 15,237 15,383 31,929 30,451
Net occupancy and equipment 2,940 3,007 5,819 6,177
Data processing 4,493 3,642 8,409 7,411
Professional fees 1,645 1,111 3,029 2,282
Advertising and business development 1,249 972 2,408 1,948
Telecommunications 516 442 1,001 912
FDIC insurance 515 260 875 440
Courier and postage 463 489 921 912
Free nationwide ATM cost 524 541 1,049 1,042
Amortization of core deposit intangibles 918 1,111 1,836 2,161
Loan expense 136 207 253 392
Other real estate owned 71 14 190 13
Merger expenses — 88 — 411
Other 4,423 4,169 8,640 6,343
Total non-interest expense 33,130 31,436 66,359 60,895
Income (loss) before income tax 12,951 16,943 27,798 36,207
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 1,495 1,684 4,019 5,298
Net income (loss) and net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders $ 11,456 $ 15,259 $ 23,779 $ 30,909
Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.74 $ 0.95 $ 1.52 $ 1.88
Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 0.74 $ 0.94 $ 1.51 $ 1.86

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)<br>Three Months Ended<br>June 30, (Unaudited)<br>Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 11,456 $ 15,259 $ 23,779 $ 30,909
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on<br>   available-for-sale securities (15,346 ) (35,364 ) 672 (104,703 )
Reclassification for net (gains) losses included in net income 1,330 2 1,330 (77 )
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on cash flow hedges 2,115 545 2,914 1,125
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (11,901 ) (34,817 ) 4,916 (103,655 )
Tax effect 2,914 7,403 (1,630 ) 24,453
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (8,987 ) (27,414 ) 3,286 (79,202 )
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 2,469 $ (12,155 ) $ 27,065 $ (48,293 )

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three Months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Additional Accumulated<br>Other Total
Amount Paid-In<br>Capital Retained<br>Earnings Comprehensive<br>Income (Loss) Treasury<br>Stock Stockholders’<br>Equity
Balance at April 1, 2022 16,454,966 $ 204 $ 480,106 $ 102,632 $ (50,012 ) $ (80,915 ) $ 452,015
Net income — — — 15,259 — — 15,259
Other comprehensive income (loss),   net of tax effects — — — — (27,414 ) — (27,414 )
Cash dividends - common stock, 0.08 per share — — — (1,290 ) — — (1,290 )
Dividend equivalents - restricted stock units, 0.08 per share — — — (25 ) — — (25 )
Stock-based compensation 624 — 744 — — — 744
Common stock issued upon    exercise of stock options 3,656 — 47 — — — 47
Common stock issued under    stock-based incentive plan 3,416 — — — — — —
Common stock issued under    employee stock purchase plan — — — — — — —
Treasury stock purchase (355,844 ) — — — — (11,221 ) (11,221 )
Balance at June 30, 2022 16,106,818 $ 204 $ 480,897 $ 116,576 $ (77,426 ) $ (92,136 ) $ 428,115
Balance at April 1, 2023 15,730,257 $ 206 $ 486,658 $ 150,810 $ (101,238 ) $ (111,313 ) $ 425,123
Net income — — — 11,456 — — 11,456
Other comprehensive income (loss),   net of tax effects — — — — (8,987 ) — (8,987 )
Cash dividends - common stock, 0.10 per share — — — (1,541 ) — — (1,541 )
Dividend equivalents-   restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, 0.10 per share — — — (10 ) — — (10 )
Stock-based compensation — — 568 — — — 568
Common stock issued under    stock-based incentive plan 30,998 1 (1 ) — — — —
Common stock issued under    employee stock purchase plan — — — —
Treasury stock purchases (349,116 ) — — — — (8,174 ) (8,174 )
Balance at June 30, 2023 15,412,139 $ 207 $ 487,225 $ 160,715 $ (110,225 ) $ (119,487 ) $ 418,435

All values are in US Dollars.

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Six Months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Additional Accumulated<br>Other Total
Amount Paid-In<br>Capital Retained<br>Earnings Comprehensive<br>Income (Loss) Treasury<br>Stock Stockholders’<br>Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022 16,760,115 $ 203 $ 478,862 $ 88,324 $ 1,776 $ (68,534 ) $ 500,631
Implementation of ASU 2016-13,   current expected credit losses — — — — — —
Net income — — — 30,909 — — 30,909
Other comprehensive income (loss),   net of tax effects — — — — (79,202 ) — (79,202 )
Cash dividends - common stock, 0.16 per share — — — (2,608 ) — — (2,608 )
Dividend equivalents-   restricted stock units, 0.16 per share — — — (49 ) — — (49 )
Stock-based compensation 624 — 1,548 — — — 1,548
Common stock issued upon    exercise of stock options 7,156 97 — — — 97
Common stock issued under    stock-based incentive plan 64,876 1 (1 ) — — — —
Common stock issued under   employee stock purchase plan 14,274 391 — — — 391
Repayment on employee stock loans — — — — —
Treasury stock purchase (740,227 ) — — — — (23,602 ) (23,602 )
Balance at June 30, 2022 16,106,818 $ 204 $ 480,897 $ 116,576 $ (77,426 ) $ (92,136 ) $ 428,115
Balance at January 1, 2023 15,930,112 $ 205 $ 484,989 $ 140,095 $ (113,511 ) $ (101,720 ) $ 410,058
Net income — — — 23,779 — — 23,779
Other comprehensive income (loss),   net of tax effects — — — — 3,286 — 3,286
Cash dividends - common stock, 0.26 per share — — — (3,114 ) — — (3,114 )
Dividend equivalents-   restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, 0.10  per share — — — (45 ) — — (45 )
Stock-based compensation — — 1,780 — — — 1,780
Common stock issued upon    exercise of stock options — — — — — —
Common stock issued under    stock-based incentive plan 133,685 2 (2 ) — — — —
Common stock issued under   employee stock purchase plan 17,508 — 458 — — — 458
Treasury stock purchases (669,166 ) — — — — (17,767 ) (17,767 )
Balance at June 30, 2023 15,412,139 $ 207 $ 487,225 $ 160,715 $ (110,225 ) $ (119,487 ) $ 418,435

All values are in US Dollars.

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Six Months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income 23,779 $ 30,909
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Stock-based compensation 1,780 1,548
Depreciation 2,194 2,313
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset 323 352
Amortization of cloud computing implementation costs 94 94
Provision (reversal) for credit losses (68 ) 412
Net amortization (accretion) of purchase valuation adjustments (49 ) (2,083 )
Amortization (accretion) of premiums and discounts on securities 2,327 3,622
Amortization of intangible assets 1,908 2,233
Deferred income taxes 426 (382 )
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends (321 ) (92 )
Loss (gain) on sales and valuation adjustments on other real estate owned 13 (108 )
Net loss (gain) on sales and settlements of securities 1,330 (77 )
Change in unrealized (gains) losses on equity securities (40 ) 71
Loss (gain) on disposal of premises and equipment (15 ) (68 )
Loss (gain) on sales of foreclosed assets 12 (49 )
Loss (gain) on sales of loans (220 ) (793 )
Originations of loans held for sale (12,847 ) (31,431 )
Proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale 10,960 34,724
Increase in the value of bank-owned life insurance (2,340 ) (1,601 )
Change in fair value of derivatives recognized in earnings 505 (1,195 )
Gain on acquisition and branch sales — (540 )
Payments on operating lease payable (441 ) (411 )
Net change in:
Interest receivable (730 ) 1,138
Other assets 8,442 17,556
Interest payable and other liabilities 1,437 (13,006 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 38,459 43,136
Cash flows (to) from investing activities
Purchases of available-for-sale securities (2,237 ) (166,932 )
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities (275 ) —
Proceeds from sales, calls, pay-downs and maturities of available-for-sale securities 90,222 97,870
Proceeds from calls, pay-downs and maturities of held-to-maturity securities 8 —
Net change in loans (11,147 ) (93,562 )
Purchase of mortgage loans — (795 )
Purchase of A guaranteed loans (1,235 ) (2,293 )
Purchase of premises and equipment (6,911 ) (722 )
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment 39 78
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets 136 20,368
Net redemptions (purchases) of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve    Bank stock 887 (3,876 )
Net redemptions (purchases) of correspondent and miscellaneous other stock (2,613 ) (1,970 )
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned 308 935
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance death benefits 2,071 723
Net cash paid from branch sale to United Bank and Trust — (22,939 )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities 69,253 (173,115 )
Cash flows (to) from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits (10,932 ) (75,470 )
Net change in federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements (1,708 ) (3,256 )
Net borrowings (repayments) on Federal Home Loan Bank line of credit (138,864 ) —

All values are in US Dollars.

Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank term advances 766,091 403,501
Principal repayments on Federal Home Loan Bank term advances (666,091 ) (323,501 )
Proceeds from Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 141,000 1,000
Principal payments on Federal Reserve Bank borrowings (1,000 ) (1,000 )
Proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options — 97
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan 458 391
Purchase of treasury stock (17,767 ) (23,602 )
Net change in contractual obligations (2,010 ) (1,879 )
Dividends paid on common stock (3,218 ) (2,672 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities 65,959 (26,391 )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 173,671 (156,370 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 104,428 259,954
Ending cash and cash equivalents $ 278,099 $ 103,584
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid $ 33,219 $ 7,295
Income taxes paid, net of refunds 3,061 196
Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Other real estate owned acquired in settlement of loans 408 2,208
Other repossessed assets acquired in settlement of loans 169 436
Other reals estate owned recorded as a result of transferring non-operational branch right-of-use-asset — 2,210
Purchase of investments in tax credit structures and resulting contractual obligations 16,400 —

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONDENSED NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Equity Bancshares, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Equity Bank (“Equity Bank”), EBAC, LLC (“EBAC”) and Equity Risk Management, Inc. ("ERMI"). ERMI provides property and casualty insurance coverage to Equity Bancshares and Equity Bank and reinsurance to other third party insurance captives for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace. The wholly-owned subsidiaries of Equity Bank are comprised of SA Holdings, Inc. ("SA Holdings") and EQBK Investments, LLC. ("EQBK Investments"). SA Holdings was established for the purpose of holding and selling other real estate owned. EQBK Investments was established for the purpose to hold Equity Bank's investment in a real estate investment trust. These entities are collectively referred to as the “Company”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with guidance provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial information. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In the opinion of management, the interim statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company on a consolidated basis and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or any other period.

Reclassifications

Some items in prior financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Management determined the items reclassified are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole and did not result in a change in equity or net income for the periods reported.

Risk and Uncertainties

The recent high-profile bank failures involving Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank have generated significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies and, in particular, regional banks like Equity Bank. These market developments have negatively impacted customer confidence in the safety and soundness of regional banks. As a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact Equity Bank's liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations. While the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the FDIC have made statements ensuring that depositors of these recently failed banks would have access to their deposits, including uninsured deposit accounts, there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful in restoring customer confidence in regional banks and the banking system more broadly. Equity Bank pledged additional investments to the Federal Reserve Bank to increase liquidity under the Bank Term Funding Program as a precaution; however, the Company has not experienced the same level of deposit runoff as compared to the recent failed financial institutions which, the Company believes, is due to the difference in the types of deposits being offered, deposit concentration and ALM management practices.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The transactions primarily include contract modifications; hedging relationships; and sale or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. The guidance was effective immediately for the Company and the amendments may be

13

applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company’s contracts issued prior to December 31, 2021, were primarily LIBOR tenures that had operational fallback language or were covered by the transition rules of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 and resulted in this guidance not having a significant impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). ASU 2021-01 clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions that are noted in Topic 848 apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. Certain provisions, if elected by the Company, apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for managing, discounting or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. The guidance was effective immediately for the Company and the amendments may be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company’s contracts issued prior to December 31, 2021, were primarily LIBOR tenures that had operational fallback language or were covered by the transition rules of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 and resulted in this guidance not having a significant impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Trouble Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for loan restructurings by creditor when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Creditors will be required to apply the refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires that public business entities disclose gross write offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases within the scope of Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost of the Accounting Standards Codification. The guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2023, and the Company was permitted to apply the guidance prospectively or through a modified retrospective method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Since the Company had adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2021, the Company was permitted to early adopt the guidance in totality or individually for the topics covered in this update. The Company did not early adopt this guidance and the implementation of this guidance did not have a material financial impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, but it impacted the Company’s loan disclosures.

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. ASU 2022-06 extends the current sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, to allow for contracts tied to certain tenors of USD LIBOR that have cessation dates of June 30, 2023, to apply the relief of Topic 848. The Company’s contracts issued prior to December 31, 2021, were primarily LIBOR tenures that had operational fallback language or were covered by the transition rules of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 and resulted in this guidance not having a significant impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force. The amendments in ASU 2023-02 permit all reporting entities that hold tax equity investments that meet the conditions for and elect to account for them using the proportional amortization method or investments in Low Income Housing Tax Credit ("LIHTC") structure through a limited liability entity that is not accounted for using the proportional amortization method and was previously applying LIHTC specific guidance which has been removed by ASU 2023-02. The election to apply the proportional amortization election is a program-by-program election rather than at a reporting entity or individual investment level. The amendments require specific disclosures that must be provided for all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax program for which the entity elected to apply the proportional amortization method which must be provided in both annual and interim financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted in any interim period and shall be adopted as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in this update must be applied using a modified retrospective method or a retrospective method through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for the period adoption for the modified retrospective method or the earliest period presented for the retrospective method. The Company is adopting this guidance for investments in solar tax credit structures entered into during 2023, and the Company's investments in tax credit structures exclusive of the low-income housing tax credit structures entered into prior to 2023 do not qualify for the proportional amortization method under this guidance. The Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows were not significantly impacted by this guidance for investments in tax credit structures outstanding at December 31, 2022; however, the Company's disclosures related to income tax expense and investments in tax credit structures at June 30, 2023 have been expanded by this guidance.

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENTS

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are listed below.

Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Allowance<br>for Credit<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ 122,843 $ — $ (15,471 ) $ — $ 107,372
U.S. Treasury securities 259,455 — (24,757 ) — 234,698
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities 526,457 — (60,386 ) — 466,071
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities 179,007 — (27,031 ) — 151,976
Corporate 56,682 — (7,734 ) — 48,948
Small Business Administration loan pools 11,448 — (734 ) — 10,714
State and political subdivisions 84,883 38 (9,952 ) — 74,969
$ 1,240,775 $ 38 $ (146,065 ) $ — $ 1,094,748
Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Allowance<br>for Credit<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ 123,196 $ — $ (16,790 ) $ — $ 106,406
U.S. Treasury securities 257,690 — (25,532 ) — 232,158
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities 560,776 — (62,170 ) — 498,606
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities 190,889 17 (27,346 ) — 163,560
Corporate 56,642 — (4,268 ) — 52,374
Small Business Administration loan pools 12,915 — (734 ) — 12,181
State and political subdivisions 130,311 55 (11,261 ) — 119,105
$ 1,332,419 $ 72 $ (148,101 ) $ — $ 1,184,390

The amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity securities and the related gross unrecognized gains and losses are listed in the following tables.

Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Allowance<br>for Credit<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
June 30, 2023
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities $ 1,101 $ — $ (7 ) $ — $ 1,094
State and political subdivisions 1,115 29 (2 ) — 1,142
$ 2,216 $ 29 $ (9 ) $ — $ 2,236

15

Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Allowance<br>for Credit<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
December 31, 2022
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities $ 1,108 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,108
State and political subdivisions 840 25 — — 865
$ 1,948 $ 25 $ — $ — $ 1,973

The fair value and amortized cost of debt securities at June 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately.

Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity
Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value
Within one year $ 5,017 $ 4,994 $ — $ —
One to five years 329,832 299,780 — —
Five to ten years 150,446 129,651 — —
After ten years 50,016 42,276 1,115 1,142
Mortgage-backed securities 705,464 618,047 1,101 1,094
Total debt securities $ 1,240,775 $ 1,094,748 $ 2,216 $ 2,236

The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, was approximately $753,640 at June 30, 2023, and $820,751 at December 31, 2022.

16

The following tables show gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category, and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Loss Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Loss Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Loss
June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ — $ — $ 107,372 $ (15,471 ) $ 107,372 $ (15,471 )
U.S. Treasury securities 1,403 (2 ) 233,295 (24,755 ) 234,698 (24,757 )
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities 17,265 (848 ) 448,806 (59,538 ) 466,071 (60,386 )
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities — — 151,976 (27,031 ) 151,976 (27,031 )
Corporate 10,765 (1,735 ) 38,183 (5,999 ) 48,948 (7,734 )
Small Business Administration loan pools 5,991 (4 ) 4,723 (730 ) 10,714 (734 )
State and political subdivisions 14,870 (288 ) 56,847 (9,664 ) 71,717 (9,952 )
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 50,294 $ (2,877 ) $ 1,041,202 $ (143,188 ) $ 1,091,496 $ (146,065 )
December 31, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ 3,936 $ (913 ) $ 102,470 $ (15,877 ) $ 106,406 $ (16,790 )
U.S. Treasury securities 92,896 (6,866 ) 139,262 (18,666 ) 232,158 (25,532 )
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities 203,416 (15,511 ) 295,190 (46,659 ) 498,606 (62,170 )
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities 43,610 (7,227 ) 116,410 (20,119 ) 160,020 (27,346 )
Corporate 48,199 (3,443 ) 4,175 (825 ) 52,374 (4,268 )
Small Business Administration loan pools 7,676 (60 ) 4,505 (674 ) 12,181 (734 )
State and political subdivisions 88,713 (5,463 ) 19,671 (5,798 ) 108,384 (11,261 )
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 488,446 $ (39,483 ) $ 681,683 $ (108,618 ) $ 1,170,129 $ (148,101 )
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Loss Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Loss Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Loss
June 30, 2023
Held-to-maturity securities
Residential mortgage-backed (issued by government-sponsored entities) $ 1,094 $ (7 ) $ — $ — $ 1,094 $ (7 )
Corporate — — — — — —
State and political subdivisions 273 (2 ) — — 273 (2 )
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 1,367 $ (9 ) $ — $ — $ 1,367 $ (9 )
December 31, 2022
Held-to-maturity securities
Residential mortgage-backed (issued by government-sponsored entities) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Corporate — — — — — —
State and political subdivisions — — — — — —
Total temporarily impaired securities $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

The tables above present unrealized losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities since the date of purchase, independent of the impact associated with changes in cost basis upon transfer from the available-for-sale designation to the held-to-maturity designation. As of June 30, 2023, the Company held 491 available-for-sale and two held-to-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position.

17

Unrealized losses on securities have not been recognized into income because the security issuers are of high credit quality, management does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. The decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and the fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.

The Company's available-for-sale investments that carry some form of credit risk are the investments in private label residential mortgage-backed securities, corporate securities and state and political subdivisions securities.

All private label residential mortgage-backed securities held by the Company are senior in the capital structure, carry substantial credit enhancement and are 20% risk weighted by the Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach ("SSFA"). At June 30, 2023, the Company does not anticipate any credit losses in the private label residential mortgage-backed securities portfolio.

The Company's corporate debt exposure consists of 14 separate positions in U.S. financial institutions, all of which the Company has determined to be investment grade. Substantially all of the positions are subordinated debt issued by bank holding companies. The Company periodically reviews financial data of the issuers to ensure their continued investment grade status. At June 30, 2023, the Company does not anticipate any credit losses in the corporate debt securities portfolio.

The Company's portfolio of state and political subdivisions securities is comprised of 132 positions of which 88% of the positions are rated "A" or better by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization ("NRSRO"), and 63% of the overall portfolio is made up of general obligation bonds. The Company periodically reviews financial data of the entities and regularly monitors credit ratings changes of the entities. At June 30, 2023, the Company does not anticipate any credit losses in the state and political subdivisions securities portfolio.

The proceeds from sales and the associated gains and losses on available-for-sale securities reclassified from other comprehensive income to income are listed below.

Three Months Ended<br>June 30, Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Proceeds $ 49,258 $ — $ 49,258 $ 3,265
Gross gain — — — 115
Gross losses 1,330 — 1,330 36
Income tax expense on net realized gains (325 ) — (325 ) 20

The Company also invests in several other investments, including investments in stocks and partnerships, which are included in other assets. The following table shows the various investment balances and method of accounting at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Investments in stocks
Accounted for at fair value through net income $ 610 $ 570
Accounted for at amortized cost assessed for impairment 1,397 1,398
Total investments in stocks 2,007 1,968
Investments in partnerships
Accounted for at equity method 2,110 1,816
Accounted for at hypothetical liquidation book value 7,784 980
Accounted for at proportional amortization 23,330 19,794
Total investments in partnerships 33,224 22,590
Total other investments $ 35,231 $ 24,558

The following table discloses the financial statement impact of tax credit investments for the three month period ended June 30, 2023.

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Income Tax Credits Recognized During Period Other Income Tax Benefits Total Tax Benefits Investment Amortization Included in Income Tax Expense
June 30, 2023
Investments and tax credit structures:
Included in proportional amortization $ (5,469 ) $ (829 ) $ (6,298 ) $ 5,575
Not included in proportional amortization $ (870 ) $ (223 ) $ (1,093 ) $ —

The following table discloses the financial statement impact of tax credit investments for the six month period ended June 30, 2023.

Income Tax Credits Recognized During Period Other Income Tax Benefits Total Tax Benefits Investment Amortization Included in Income Tax Expense
June 30, 2023
Investments and tax credit structures:
Included in proportional amortization $ (5,951 ) $ (973 ) $ (6,924 ) $ 6,161
Not included in proportional amortization $ (1,672 ) $ (455 ) $ (2,127 ) $ —

Contingent contributions for investment tax credit structures not subject to proportional amortization were $3.0 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2023.

NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Types of loans and normal collateral securing those loans are listed below.

Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate loans include all loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties and by multifamily residential properties, as well as 1-4 family investment-purpose real estate loans.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans include loans used to purchase fixed assets, provide working capital or meet other financing needs of the business. Loans are normally secured by the assets being purchased or already owned by the borrower, inventory or accounts receivable. These may include SBA and other guaranteed or partially guaranteed types of loans.

Residential real estate: Residential real estate loans include loans secured by primary or secondary personal residences.

Agricultural real estate: Agricultural real estate loans are loans typically secured by farmland.

Agricultural: Agricultural loans are primarily operating lines subject to annual farming revenues including productivity/yield of the agricultural commodities produced. These loans may be secured by growing crops, stored crops, livestock, equipment, and miscellaneous receivables.

Consumer: Consumer loans may include installment loans, unsecured and secured personal lines of credit, overdraft protection and letters of credit. These loans are generally secured by consumer assets but may be unsecured.

The following table lists categories of loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate $ 1,764,460 $ 1,721,268
Commercial and industrial 583,664 594,863
Residential real estate 560,389 570,550
Agricultural real estate 202,317 199,189
Agricultural 104,510 120,003
Consumer 107,330 105,675
Total loans 3,322,670 3,311,548
Allowance for credit losses (44,544 ) (45,847 )
Net loans $ 3,278,126 $ 3,265,701

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From time to time, the Company has purchased pools of residential real estate loans originated by other financial institutions to hold for investment with the intent to diversify the residential real estate portfolio. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not purchase any pools of residential loans. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company purchased residential loan pools of $795. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, residential real estate loans include $313,785 and $327,309 of purchased residential real estate loans.

The Company occasionally purchases the government guaranteed portion of loans originated by other financial institutions to hold for investment. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company purchased $433 and $1,235 in loans guaranteed by governmental agencies.

The unamortized discount of merger purchase accounting adjustments related to non-purchase credit deteriorated loans included in the loan totals above are $3,060 with related loans of $261,881 at June 30, 2023, and $3,632 with related loans of $286,538 at December 31, 2022.

Overdraft deposit accounts are reclassified and included in consumer loans above. These accounts totaled $831 at June 30, 2023, and $475 at December 31, 2022.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by class for the three month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

June 30, 2023 Commercial<br>Real Estate Commercial<br>and <br>Industrial Residential<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 16,611 $ 15,620 $ 8,751 $ 586 $ 1,547 $ 1,988 $ 45,103
Provision for credit losses (20 ) 167 114 (6 ) (150 ) 193 298
Loans charged-off (9 ) (640 ) (52 ) — (108 ) (259 ) (1,068 )
Recoveries 70 47 42 3 — 49 211
Total ending allowance balance $ 16,652 $ 15,194 $ 8,855 $ 583 $ 1,289 $ 1,971 $ 44,544
June 30, 2022 Commercial<br>Real Estate Commercial<br>and <br>Industrial Residential<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 21,764 $ 13,814 $ 5,960 $ 1,542 $ 2,472 $ 2,038 $ 47,590
Provision for credit losses 911 (650 ) 870 (535 ) (182 ) 410 824
Loans charged-off (11 ) (35 ) (46 ) — (1 ) (289 ) (382 )
Recoveries 1 80 34 — — 91 206
Total ending allowance balance $ 22,665 $ 13,209 $ 6,818 $ 1,007 $ 2,289 $ 2,250 $ 48,238

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by class for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

June 30, 2023 Commercial<br>Real Estate Commercial<br>and <br>Industrial Residential<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 16,731 $ 14,951 $ 8,608 $ 819 $ 2,457 $ 2,281 $ 45,847
Provision for credit losses (146 ) 1,267 246 (239 ) (1,215 ) 19 (68 )
Loans charged-off (10 ) (1,075 ) (57 ) — (108 ) (456 ) (1,706 )
Recoveries 77 51 58 3 155 127 471
Total ending allowance balance $ 16,652 $ 15,194 $ 8,855 $ 583 $ 1,289 $ 1,971 $ 44,544

20

June 30, 2022 Commercial<br>Real Estate Commercial<br>and <br>Industrial Residential<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 22,478 $ 12,248 $ 5,560 $ 2,235 $ 3,756 $ 2,088 $ 48,365
Provision for credit losses 419 922 1,272 (1,235 ) (1,466 ) 500 412
Loans charged-off (294 ) (79 ) (48 ) — (1 ) (494 ) (916 )
Recoveries 62 118 34 7 — 156 377
Total ending allowance balance $ 22,665 $ 13,209 $ 6,818 $ 1,007 $ 2,289 $ 2,250 $ 48,238

The following tables present the recorded investment in loans and the balance in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio and class based on method to determine allowance for credit loss as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023 Commercial<br>Real Estate Commercial<br>and<br>Industrial Residential<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ 305 $ 1,158 $ 724 $ 189 $ 971 $ 97 $ 3,444
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 16,347 14,036 8,131 394 318 1,874 41,100
Total $ 16,652 $ 15,194 $ 8,855 $ 583 $ 1,289 $ 1,971 $ 44,544
Loan Balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ 2,902 $ 5,177 $ 3,053 $ 2,370 $ 3,576 $ 416 $ 17,494
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 1,761,558 578,487 557,336 199,947 100,934 106,914 3,305,176
Total $ 1,764,460 $ 583,664 $ 560,389 $ 202,317 $ 104,510 $ 107,330 $ 3,322,670
December 31, 2022 Commercial<br>Real Estate Commercial<br>and<br>Industrial Residential<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural<br>Real<br>Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ 285 $ 1,433 $ 795 $ 221 $ 2,125 $ 87 $ 4,946
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 16,446 13,518 7,813 598 332 2,194 40,901
Total $ 16,731 $ 14,951 $ 8,608 $ 819 $ 2,457 $ 2,281 $ 45,847
Loan Balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ 2,867 $ 6,653 $ 3,344 $ 2,606 $ 4,576 $ 379 $ 20,425
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 1,718,401 588,210 567,206 196,583 115,427 105,296 3,291,123
Total $ 1,721,268 $ 594,863 $ 570,550 $ 199,189 $ 120,003 $ 105,675 $ 3,311,548

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The following tables presents information related to nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023
Unpaid<br>Principal<br>Balance Recorded<br>Investment Allowance for<br>Credit Losses<br>Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate $ 2,442 $ 1,824 $ —
Commercial and industrial 31 — —
Residential real estate 25 — —
Agricultural real estate 2,893 1,571 —
Agricultural 2,303 — —
Consumer 4 — —
Subtotal 7,698 3,395 —
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate 1,117 904 226
Commercial and industrial 10,547 4,572 875
Residential real estate 3,199 2,916 716
Agricultural real estate 526 312 84
Agricultural 2,961 2,511 851
Consumer 435 360 89
Subtotal 18,785 11,575 2,841
Total $ 26,483 $ 14,970 $ 2,841
December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Unpaid<br>Principal<br>Balance Recorded<br>Investment Allowance for<br>Credit Losses<br>Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate $ 2,443 $ 1,866 $ —
Commercial and industrial 21 — —
Residential real estate 54 25 —
Agricultural real estate 1,518 583 —
Consumer 6 — —
Subtotal 4,042 2,474 —
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate 1,011 823 206
Commercial and industrial 10,758 5,838 1,091
Residential real estate 3,488 3,181 786
Agricultural real estate 1,956 1,469 216
Agricultural 6,272 3,468 1,860
Consumer 412 348 85
Subtotal 23,897 15,127 4,244
Total $ 27,939 $ 17,601 $ 4,244

22

The tables below presents average recorded investment and interest income related to nonaccrual loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. Interest income recognized in the following table was substantially recognized on the cash basis. The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable due to immateriality.

As of and for the three months ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate $ 1,833 $ — $ 1,572 $ —
Commercial and industrial — 2 982 —
Residential real estate — 1 553 —
Agricultural real estate 1,068 — 1,400 —
Agricultural — — — —
Consumer — — — —
Subtotal 2,901 3 4,507 —
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate 882 — 2,800 —
Commercial and industrial 5,027 2 2,549 —
Residential real estate 3,002 4 3,160 1
Agricultural real estate 842 — 2,378 3
Agricultural 2,717 — 4,072 —
Consumer 388 — 312 —
Subtotal 12,858 6 15,271 4
Total $ 15,759 $ 9 $ 19,778 $ 4
As of and for the six months ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate $ 1,845 $ — $ 1,048 $ —
Commercial and industrial — 2 1,309 —
Residential real estate 8 1 512 1
Agricultural real estate 906 — 1,487 —
Agricultural — — — —
Consumer — — 16 —
Subtotal 2,759 3 4,372 1
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate 862 — 4,144 —
Commercial and industrial 5,297 2 3,231 —
Residential real estate 3,062 4 3,655 1
Agricultural real estate 1,051 1 2,498 3
Agricultural 2,967 — 4,773 —
Consumer 375 — 299 —
Subtotal 13,614 7 18,600 4
Total $ 16,373 $ 10 $ 22,972 $ 5

23

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by portfolio and class of loans.

June 30, 2023 30 - 59<br>Days<br>Past Due 60 - 89<br>Days<br>Past Due Greater<br>Than<br>90 Days<br>Past<br>Due Still On<br>Accrual Nonaccrual Loans Not<br>Past Due Total
Commercial real estate $ 779 $ 618 $ — $ 2,728 $ 1,760,335 $ 1,764,460
Commercial and industrial 697 584 — 4,572 577,811 583,664
Residential real estate 1,325 5,202 — 2,916 550,946 560,389
Agricultural real estate 653 190 — 1,883 199,591 202,317
Agricultural 543 68 — 2,511 101,388 104,510
Consumer 351 52 — 360 106,567 107,330
Total $ 4,348 $ 6,714 $ — $ 14,970 $ 3,296,638 $ 3,322,670
December 31, 2022 30 - 59<br>Days<br>Past Due 60 - 89<br>Days<br>Past Due Greater<br>Than<br>90 Days<br>Past<br>Due Still On<br>Accrual Nonaccrual Loans Not<br>Past Due Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Commercial real estate $ 1,526 $ 69 $ — $ 2,689 $ 1,716,984 $ 1,721,268
Commercial and industrial 232 195 — 5,838 588,598 594,863
Residential real estate 1,133 1,993 — 3,206 564,218 570,550
Agricultural real estate 569 — — 2,052 196,568 199,189
Agricultural 212 — — 3,468 116,323 120,003
Consumer 246 55 — 348 105,026 105,675
Total $ 3,918 $ 2,312 $ — $ 17,601 $ 3,287,717 $ 3,311,548

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Consumer loans are considered pass credits unless downgraded due to payment status or reviewed as part of a larger credit relationship. Loans that participated in the short-term deferral program are not automatically considered classified solely due to a deferral, are subject to ongoing monitoring and will be downgraded or placed on nonaccrual if a noted weakness exists. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings.

Pass: Loans classified as pass include all loans that do not fall under one of the three following categories.

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

24

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans, by type and year of origination, at June 30, 2023, is as follows.

June 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans<br>Amortized Cost Revolving Loans<br>Converted to Term Total
Commercial real estate
Risk rating
Pass $ 112,818 $ 370,660 $ 248,084 $ 182,452 $ 79,866 $ 244,040 $ 513,702 $ 711 $ 1,752,333
Special mention — 3,238 121 — — 398 1,074 — 4,831
Substandard — — 3,060 239 1,558 2,439 — — 7,296
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total commercial real estate $ 112,818 $ 373,898 $ 251,265 $ 182,691 $ 81,424 $ 246,877 $ 514,776 $ 711 $ 1,764,460
Commercial and industrial
Risk rating
Pass $ 94,556 $ 130,492 $ 63,515 $ 59,645 $ 34,478 $ 9,391 $ 179,009 $ 1,879 $ 572,965
Special mention — — 18 — — 1,089 3,241 — 4,348
Substandard 1,324 310 154 365 261 2,223 1,714 — 6,351
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total commercial and industrial $ 95,880 $ 130,802 $ 63,687 $ 60,010 $ 34,739 $ 12,703 $ 183,964 $ 1,879 $ 583,664
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass $ 18,203 $ 30,901 $ 290,274 $ 5,633 $ 12,824 $ 139,805 $ 58,239 $ 1,284 $ 557,163
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — 126 — 23 239 1,970 847 21 3,226
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total residential real estate $ 18,203 $ 31,027 $ 290,274 $ 5,656 $ 13,063 $ 141,775 $ 59,086 $ 1,305 $ 560,389
Agricultural real estate
Risk rating
Pass $ 15,701 $ 29,780 $ 18,904 $ 21,647 $ 11,415 $ 21,992 $ 68,567 $ 289 $ 188,295
Special mention 445 549 — — — 599 597 — 2,190
Substandard 4,781 — 185 — 103 1,978 4,785 — 11,832
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total agricultural real estate $ 20,927 $ 30,329 $ 19,089 $ 21,647 $ 11,518 $ 24,569 $ 73,949 $ 289 $ 202,317
Agricultural
Risk rating
Pass $ 9,831 $ 10,187 $ 5,472 $ 7,562 $ 1,665 $ 3,872 $ 59,950 $ 86 $ 98,625
Special mention — — — — — 328 475 — 803
Substandard — — 1,056 1,579 1,883 165 399 — 5,082
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total agricultural $ 9,831 $ 10,187 $ 6,528 $ 9,141 $ 3,548 $ 4,365 $ 60,824 $ 86 $ 104,510
Consumer
Risk rating
Pass $ 38,366 $ 31,088 $ 13,399 $ 6,386 $ 2,070 $ 3,559 $ 12,101 $ 1 $ 106,970
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — 91 149 40 49 30 1 — 360
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total consumer $ 38,366 $ 31,179 $ 13,548 $ 6,426 $ 2,119 $ 3,589 $ 12,102 $ 1 $ 107,330
Total loans
Risk rating
Pass $ 289,475 $ 603,108 $ 639,648 $ 283,325 $ 142,318 $ 422,659 $ 891,568 $ 4,250 $ 3,276,351
Special mention 445 3,787 139 — — 2,414 5,387 — 12,172
Substandard 6,105 527 4,604 2,246 4,093 8,805 7,746 21 34,147
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total loans $ 296,025 $ 607,422 $ 644,391 $ 285,571 $ 146,411 $ 433,878 $ 904,701 $ 4,271 $ 3,322,670

25

Based on the analysis performed at December 31, 2022, the risk category of loans, by type and year of origination is as follows.

December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans<br>Amortized Cost Revolving Loans<br>Converted to Term Total
Commercial real estate
Risk rating
Pass $ 432,196 $ 252,616 $ 188,897 $ 92,290 $ 114,415 $ 171,498 $ 462,140 $ 741 $ 1,714,793
Special mention — 122 — — — 401 — — 523
Substandard — 3,049 244 144 — 2,515 — — 5,952
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total commercial real estate $ 432,196 $ 255,787 $ 189,141 $ 92,434 $ 114,415 $ 174,414 $ 462,140 $ 741 $ 1,721,268
Commercial and industrial
Risk rating
Pass $ 172,912 $ 79,782 $ 65,915 $ 39,487 $ 6,712 $ 5,089 $ 189,998 $ 6,654 $ 566,549
Special mention — — — — 674 3,851 — — 4,525
Substandard 283 4,316 2,167 10,127 1,460 783 4,653 — 23,789
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total commercial and industrial $ 173,195 $ 84,098 $ 68,082 $ 49,614 $ 8,846 $ 9,723 $ 194,651 $ 6,654 $ 594,863
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass $ 34,705 $ 299,840 $ 5,939 $ 13,073 $ 47,986 $ 102,871 $ 62,494 $ 271 $ 567,179
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard 58 86 48 209 239 2,633 98 — 3,371
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total residential real estate $ 34,763 $ 299,926 $ 5,987 $ 13,282 $ 48,225 $ 105,504 $ 62,592 $ 271 $ 570,550
Agricultural real estate
Risk rating
Pass $ 33,586 $ 20,712 $ 26,408 $ 12,754 $ 5,608 $ 18,882 $ 68,510 $ 300 $ 186,760
Special mention 874 — 2,493 — — 604 5,983 — 9,954
Substandard — 203 — 115 485 1,635 37 — 2,475
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total agricultural real estate $ 34,460 $ 20,915 $ 28,901 $ 12,869 $ 6,093 $ 21,121 $ 74,530 $ 300 $ 199,189
Agricultural
Risk rating
Pass $ 23,917 $ 7,778 $ 9,437 $ 2,642 $ 2,250 $ 2,134 $ 64,647 $ 75 $ 112,880
Special mention — — — 92 22 375 556 — 1,045
Substandard — 1,003 1,838 2,044 386 213 594 — 6,078
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total agricultural $ 23,917 $ 8,781 $ 11,275 $ 4,778 $ 2,658 $ 2,722 $ 65,797 $ 75 $ 120,003
Consumer
Risk rating
Pass $ 56,497 $ 17,460 $ 8,415 $ 3,235 $ 1,370 $ 3,396 $ 14,955 $ — $ 105,328
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard 17 148 54 81 13 34 — — 347
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total consumer $ 56,514 $ 17,608 $ 8,469 $ 3,316 $ 1,383 $ 3,430 $ 14,955 $ — $ 105,675
Total loans
Risk rating
Pass $ 753,813 $ 678,188 $ 305,011 $ 163,481 $ 178,341 $ 303,870 $ 862,744 $ 8,041 $ 3,253,489
Special mention 874 122 2,493 92 696 5,231 6,539 — 16,047
Substandard 358 8,805 4,351 12,720 2,583 7,813 5,382 — 42,012
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total loans $ 755,045 $ 687,115 $ 311,855 $ 176,293 $ 181,620 $ 316,914 $ 874,665 $ 8,041 $ 3,311,548

26

The following table disclose the charge-off and recovery activity by loan type and year of origination for the six month period ending June 30, 2023.

June 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans<br>Amortized Cost Revolving Loans<br>Converted to Term Total
Commercial real estate
Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (9 ) $ (1 ) $ — $ — $ (10 )
Gross recoveries — 64 — — — 13 — — 77
Net charge-offs $ — $ 64 $ — $ — $ (9 ) $ 12 $ — $ — $ 67
Commercial and industrial
Gross charge-offs $ — $ (5 ) $ (10 ) $ (19 ) $ (2 ) $ — $ (1,039 ) $ — $ (1,075 )
Gross recoveries — 29 — 15 — 7 — — 51
Net charge-offs $ — $ 24 $ (10 ) $ (4 ) $ (2 ) $ 7 $ (1,039 ) $ — $ (1,024 )
Residential real estate
Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (53 ) $ (4 ) $ — $ (57 )
Gross recoveries — — — — — 58 — — 58
Net charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 5 $ (4 ) $ — $ 1
Agricultural real estate
Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Gross recoveries — — — — — 3 — — 3
Net charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3 $ — $ — $ 3
Agricultural
Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ (107 ) $ — $ — $ (1 ) $ — $ — $ (108 )
Gross recoveries — — — — — 155 — — 155
Net charge-offs $ — $ — $ (107 ) $ — $ — $ 154 $ — $ — $ 47
Consumer
Gross charge-offs $ (61 ) $ (108 ) $ (71 ) $ (28 ) $ (39 ) $ (118 ) $ (31 ) $ — $ (456 )
Gross recoveries — 9 37 8 5 60 8 — 127
Net charge-offs $ (61 ) $ (99 ) $ (34 ) $ (20 ) $ (34 ) $ (58 ) $ (23 ) $ — $ (329 )
Total loans
Gross charge-offs $ (61 ) $ (113 ) $ (188 ) $ (47 ) $ (50 ) $ (173 ) $ (1,074 ) $ — $ (1,706 )
Gross recoveries — 102 37 23 5 296 8 — 471
Net charge-offs $ (61 ) $ (11 ) $ (151 ) $ (24 ) $ (45 ) $ 123 $ (1,066 ) $ — $ (1,235 )

Modifications to Debtors Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, effective January 1, 2023, and this accounting guidance is applied prospectively. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at June 30, 2023, that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended June 30, 2023, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.

June 30, 2023 Payment Delay Term Extension Combination Rate Change and Term Extension Combination Payment Delay and Term Extension Total Modifications Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ 443 $ 443 0.03 %
Commercial and industrial — 1,324 — 3,098 4,422 0.76 %
Residential real estate — — — 12 12 0.00 %
Agricultural real estate — — — — — 0.00 %
Agricultural — — — — — 0.00 %
Consumer — — — — — 0.00 %
Total $ — $ 1,324 $ — $ 3,553 $ 4,877 0.15 %

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at June 30, 2023, that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the six months ended June 30, 2023, by class and by type of modification.

27

June 30, 2023 Payment Delay Term Extension Combination Rate Change, Payment Delay and Term Extension Combination Payment Delay and Term Extension Total Modifications Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ 443 $ 443 0.03 %
Commercial and industrial — 1,566 — 9,079 10,645 1.82 %
Residential real estate — — — 12 12 0.00 %
Agricultural real estate — 400 — 171 571 0.28 %
Agricultural 122 — — 475 597 0.57 %
Consumer — — 25 — 25 0.02 %
Total $ 122 $ 1,966 $ 25 $ 10,180 $ 12,293 0.37 %

At June 30, 2023, there were $410 thousand in commitments to lend additional amounts on these loans.

The Company considers loans modified to borrowers in financial distress as loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loans at modification date for the purposes of calculating the allowance for credit losses. These loans will be evaluated for credit losses based on either discounted cash flows or the fair value of collateral at modification date; however, subsequent to the modification date these loans will be evaluated for credit losses as part of the collectively evaluated pools after a period of ongoing performance under the terms of the modified loan.

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

June 30, 2023 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due Greater Than 89 days Past Due Total Past Due
Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ —
Commercial and industrial — — — —
Residential real estate — — 12 12
Agricultural real estate — — — —
Agricultural — — — —
Consumer — 25 — 25
Total $ — $ 25 $ 12 $ 37

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

June 30, 2023 Principal Forgiveness Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension in Years
Commercial real estate $ — — % 0.49
Commercial and industrial — — % 3.11
Residential real estate — — % 3.42
Agricultural real estate — — % —
Agricultural — — % —
Consumer — — % —
Total loans $ — — % 2.88

28

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

June 30, 2023 Principal Forgiveness Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension in Years
Commercial real estate $ — — % 0.49
Commercial and industrial — — % 1.36
Residential real estate — — % 3.42
Agricultural real estate — — % 1.00
Agricultural — — % 0.58
Consumer — (0.24 ) % 2.16
Total loans $ — (0.24 ) % 1.28

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no loans that had a payment default and were modified prior to that default to the borrower experiencing financial difficulty.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk from a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense recognized within other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The estimated credit loss includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The estimate of expected credit loss is based on the historical loss rate for the class of loan the commitments would be classified as if funded.

The following table lists allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Allowance for<br>Credit Losses
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate $ 387 $ 336
Commercial and industrial 716 700
Residential real estate 40 45
Agricultural 3 3
Consumer 251 269
Total allowance for credit losses $ 1,397 $ 1,353

NOTE 4 – DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to interest-rate risk primarily from the effect of interest rate changes on its interest-earning assets and its sources of funding these assets. The Company will periodically enter into interest rate swaps or interest rate caps/floors to manage certain interest rate risk exposure.

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Fair Value Hedges

The Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps to hedge the fair value of certain commercial real estate loans. These transactions are designated as fair value hedges. In this type of transaction, the Company typically receives from the counterparty a variable-rate cash flow based on the one-month LIBOR plus a spread to this index and pays a fixed-rate cash flow equal to the customer loan rate. At June 30, 2023, the portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of 7

.24

years, a weighted average pay rate of 4.58% and a weighted average rate received of 8.21%. At December 31, 2022, the portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of

8.5

years, a weighted average pay rate of 4.53% and a weighted average rate received of 7.13%.

29

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

The Company has entered into cash flow hedges to hedge future cash flows related to subordinated notes interest expense and prime rate adjustable rate loans interest income. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges and are marked to market through other comprehensive income.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Weighted average<br>Maturity in years Weighted average pay rate Weighted average rate received Weighted average<br>Maturity in years Weighted average pay rate Weighted average rate received
Subordinated note hedges 12.2 2.81 % 7.61 % 12.7 2.81 % 6.57 %
Variable rate FHLB advance hedges 2.7 5.05 % 3.59 % — — % — %
Prime based receivable loan hedges 0.5 8.25 % 5.60 % 1.3 7.50 % 5.60 %
Total cash flow hedges 1.9 6.85 % 4.88 % 1.8 7.28 % 5.65 %

Stand-Alone Derivatives

The Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps with our borrowers and simultaneously enters into swaps with a counterparty with offsetting terms for the purpose of providing our borrowers long-term fixed rate loans, in addition to stand alone interest-rate swaps designed to offset the economic impact of fixed rate loans. Neither swap is designated as a hedge, and both are marked to market through earnings. At June 30, 2023, this portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of

5.14

years, weighted average pay rate of 8.15% and a weighted average rate received of 8.28%. At December 31, 2022, this portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of

5.6

years, weighted average pay rate of 6.96% and weighted average rate received of 7.06%.

Reconciliation of Derivative Fair Values and Gains/(Losses)

The notional amount of a derivative contract is a factor in determining periodic interest payments or cash flows received or paid. The notional amount of derivatives serves as a level of involvement in various types of derivatives. The notional amount does not represent the Company’s overall exposure to credit or market risk, generally, the exposure is significantly smaller.

The following table shows the notional balances and fair values (including net accrued interest) of the derivatives outstanding by derivative type at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Notional<br>Amount Derivative<br>Assets Derivative<br>Liabilities Notional<br>Amount Derivative<br>Assets Derivative<br>Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps $ 16,740 $ 1,896 $ — $ 21,528 $ 2,425 $ —
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps 250,000 2,048 1,474 157,500 2,120 4,457
Total derivatives designated as hedging relationships 266,740 3,944 1,474 179,028 4,545 4,457
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps 182,552 4,199 3,684 184,277 4,191 3,555
Total derivatives not designated as hedging<br>   instruments 182,552 4,199 3,684 184,277 4,191 3,555
Total $ 449,292 8,143 5,158 $ 363,305 8,736 8,012
Cash collateral — 5,732 — 2,860
Netting adjustments (6,658 ) (6,658 ) (7,336 ) (7,336 )
Net amount presented in Balance Sheet $ 1,485 $ 4,232 $ 1,400 $ 3,536

30

The table below lists designated and qualifying hedged items in fair value hedges at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Carrying Amount Hedging Fair Value Adjustment Fair Value Adjustments on Discontinued Hedges Carrying Amount Hedging Fair Value Adjustment Fair Value Adjustments on Discontinued Hedges
Commercial real estate loans $ 16,713 $ (1,765 ) $ (470 ) $ 17,202 $ (2,384 ) $ —
Total $ 16,713 $ (1,765 ) $ (470 ) $ 17,202 $ (2,384 ) $ —

The Company reports hedging derivative gains (losses) as adjustments to loan interest income and loan interest expense along with the related net interest settlements. The non-hedging derivative gains (losses) and related net interest settlements for economic derivatives are reported in other income. For the three and six months period ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company recorded net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities as shown in the table below.

Three Months Ended<br>June 30, Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps $ 2 $ 64 $ 10 $ 102
Total net gain (loss) related to derivatives designated as hedging instruments 2 64 10 102
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps — — — —
Total net gain (loss) related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — — — —
Total net gains (losses) related to hedging relationships 2 64 10 102
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Economic hedges:
Interest rate swaps 207 467 204 1,142
Total net gains (losses) related to derivatives not<br>   designated as hedging instruments 207 467 204 1,142
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities $ 209 $ 531 $ 214 $ 1,244

The following tables shows the recorded net gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company’s net interest income for the three month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

June 30, 2023
Gain/(Loss)<br>on Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>on Hedged<br>Items Net Fair Value<br>Hedge<br>Gain/(Loss) Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Commercial real estate loans $ 237 $ (235 ) $ 2 $ 155
Total $ 237 $ (235 ) $ 2 $ 155
June 30, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Gain/(Loss)<br>on Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>on Hedged<br>Items Net Fair Value<br>Hedge<br>Gain/(Loss) Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Commercial real estate loans $ 683 $ (619 ) $ 64 $ 629
Total $ 683 $ (619 ) $ 64 $ 629

31

The following tables shows the recorded net gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company’s net interest income for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

June 30, 2023
Gain/(Loss)<br>on Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>on Hedged<br>Items Net Fair Value<br>Hedge<br>Gain/(Loss) Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Commercial real estate loans $ (130 ) $ 140 $ 10 $ 304
Total $ (130 ) $ 140 $ 10 $ 304
June 30, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Gain/(Loss)<br>on Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>on Hedged<br>Items Net Fair Value<br>Hedge<br>Gain/(Loss) Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Commercial real estate loans $ 2,079 $ (1,977 ) $ 102 $ 472
Total $ 2,079 $ (1,977 ) $ 102 $ 472

The following tables shows the recorded net gains or (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in cash flow hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company's net interest income for the three month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

June 30, 2023
Gain/(Loss)<br>on<br>Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Prime based receivable loan hedges $ 33 $ 25 $ (970 )
FHLB advance hedges 1,909 1,442 349
Subordinated note hedges 173 130 (6 )
Total $ 2,115 $ 1,597 $ (627 )
June 30, 2022
Gain/(Loss)<br>on<br>Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Prime based receivable loan hedges $ — $ — $ —
FHLB advance hedges — — —
Subordinated note hedges 545 (410 ) (2 )
Total $ 545 $ (410 ) $ (2 )

The following tables shows the recorded net gains or (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in cash flow hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company's net interest income for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

32

June 30, 2023
Gain/(Loss)<br>on<br>Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Prime based receivable loan hedges $ 956 $ 711 $ (1,750 )
FHLB advance hedges 2,032 1,534 382
Subordinated note hedges (74 ) (55 ) 65
Total $ 2,914 $ 2,190 $ (1,303 )
June 30, 2022
Gain/(Loss)<br>on<br>Derivatives Gain/(Loss)<br>Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Effect of<br>Derivatives on<br>Net Interest<br>Income
Prime based receivable loan hedges $ — $ — $ —
FHLB advance hedges — — —
Subordinated note hedges 1,125 (846 ) (2 )
Total $ 1,125 $ (846 ) $ (2 )

NOTE 5 – LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Right-of-use asset and lease obligations by type of property for the periods ended June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are listed below.

June 30, 2023 Right-of-Use<br>Asset Lease <br>Liability Weighted<br>Average<br>Lease Term<br>in Years Weighted<br>Average<br>Discount<br>Rate
Operating Leases
Land and building leases $ 4,933 $ 4,912 13.1 2.32 %
Total operating leases $ 4,933 $ 4,912 13.1 2.32 %
Right-of-use-asset reported in other assets $ 2,980
Right-of-use-asset not in operation, reported in other real estate owned 1,953
Total $ 4,933
December 31, 2022 Right-of-Use<br>Asset Lease <br>Liability Weighted<br>Average<br>Lease Term<br>in Years Weighted<br>Average<br>Discount<br>Rate
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Operating Leases
Land and building leases $ 5,256 $ 5,294 13.2 2.32 %
Total operating leases $ 5,256 $ 5,294 13.2 2.32 %
Right-of-use-asset reported in other assets $ 3,185
Right-of-use-asset not in operation, reported in other real estate owned 2,071
Total $ 5,256

33

During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, one of our bank locations became non-operational. The right-of-use-asset for this location was transferred to other real estate owned, the weighted average lease term is

7.8

years.

Operating lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, are listed below.

Three Months Ended<br>June 30, Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Operating lease cost $ 212 $ 191 $ 408 $ 399
Short-term lease cost — — — —
Variable lease cost 14 5 28 27
Total operating lease cost $ 226 $ 196 $ 436 $ 426

There were no sale and leaseback transactions, leverage leases, lease transactions with related parties or leases that had not yet commenced during the three or six month periods ended June 30, 2023.

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liability is listed below.

Lease Payments June 30,<br>2023
Due in one year or less $ 525
Due after one year through two years 552
Due after two years through three years 554
Due after three years through four years 553
Due after four years through five years 554
Thereafter 3,177
Total undiscounted cash flows 5,915
Discount on cash flows (1,003 )
Total operating lease liability $ 4,912

NOTE 6 – BORROWINGS

Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements

Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are listed below.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Federal funds purchased $ — $ —
Retail repurchase agreements 44,770 46,478

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (retail repurchase agreements) consist of obligations of the Company to other parties. The obligations are secured by residential mortgage-backed securities held by the Company with a fair value of $43,789 and $55,289 at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The agreements are on a day-to-day basis and can be terminated on demand.

The following table presents the borrowing usage and interest rate information for federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Average daily balance during the period $ 44,370 $ 53,337
Average interest rate during the period 1.32 % 0.42 %
Maximum month-end balance year-to-date $ 46,798 $ 64,323
Weighted average interest rate at period-end 1.37 % 0.72 %

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

Federal Home Loan Bank advances include both draws against the Company’s line of credit and fixed rate term advances.

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Federal Home Loan Bank advances as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are as follows.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31, 2022
Federal Home Loan Bank line of credit advances $ — $ 138,864
Federal Home Loan Bank fixed-rate term advances 100,000 —
Total principal outstanding 100,000 138,864
Total Federal Home Loan Bank advances $ 100,000 $ 138,864

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had undisbursed advance commitments (letters of credit) with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $32,077 and $18,305. These letters of credit were obtained in lieu of pledging securities to secure public fund deposits that are over the FDIC insurance limit.

The advances, Mortgage Partnership Finance credit enhancement obligations and letters of credit were collateralized by certain qualifying loans of $946,005 and securities of $67,724 for a total of $1,013,729 at June 30, 2023, and qualifying loans of $744,125 and securities of $74,083 for a total of $818,208 at December 31, 2022. Based on this collateral and the Company’s holdings of Federal Home Loan Bank stock, the Company was eligible to borrow an additional $880,475 and $659,695 at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Federal Reserve Bank borrowings

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had a borrowing capacity of $450,220 and $330,077, for which the Company has pledged loans with an outstanding balance of $394,095 and $390,102 and securities with a fair value of $147,705 and $33,235. There was $140,000 in borrowings secured from this facility under the Federal Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program with a rate of 4.38% and a maturity date of March 22, 2024. The Company can repay this borrowing at any time without penalties or fees. There were no outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2022.

Bank stock loan

The Company entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated financial institution that provided for a maximum borrowing facility of $40,000, secured by the Company’s stock in Equity Bank. Each draw of funds on the facility will create a separate note that is repayable over a term of five years. Each note will bear interest at the greater of a variable interest rate equal to the prime rate published in the “Money Rates” section of The Wall Street Journal (or any generally recognized successor), floating daily, or a floor of 3.50%. Accrued interest and principal payments will be due quarterly with one final payment of unpaid principal and interest due at the end of the five-year term of each separate note.

The loan was renewed and amended on February 11, 2022, with a new maturity date of February 11, 2023. With this amendment, the maximum borrowing amount was decreased from $40,000 to $25,000. Each note will bear interest at the greater of a variable interest rate equal to the prime rate published in the “Money Rates” section of The Wall Street Journal (or any generally recognized successor), floating daily, or a floor of 3.25%. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee in an amount equal to 20 basis points per annum on the unused portion of the maximum borrowing facility due on the maturity date of the renewal.

The loan was renewed on February 10, 2023, with a new maturity date of February 10, 2024. With this renewal, the maximum borrowing amount will remain at $25,000. Each note will bear interest at the greater of a variable interest rate equal to the prime rate published in the “Money Rates” section of The Wall Street Journal (or any generally recognized successor), floating daily, or a floor of 3.25%. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee in an amount equal to 20 basis points per annum on the unused portion of the maximum borrowing facility due on the maturity date of the renewal.

There were no outstanding principal balances on the bank stock loan at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

The terms of the borrowing facility require the Company and Equity Bank to maintain minimum capital ratios and other covenants. In the event of default, the lender has the option to declare all outstanding balances immediately due. The Company believes it is in compliance with the terms of the borrowing facility and has not been otherwise notified of noncompliance.

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Subordinated debt

Subordinated debt as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are listed below.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Subordinated debentures $ 23,423 $ 23,255
Subordinated notes 73,230 73,137
Total $ 96,653 $ 96,392

Subordinated debentures

In conjunction with prior acquisitions, the Company assumed certain subordinated debentures owed to special purpose unconsolidated subsidiaries that are controlled by the Company. These subordinated debentures have the same terms as the trust preferred securities issued by the special purpose unconsolidated subsidiaries.

FCB Capital Trust II (“CTII”): The trust preferred securities issued by CTII accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 2.00% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on April 15, 2035, or upon earlier redemption.

FCB Capital Trust III (“CTIII”): The trust preferred securities issued by CTIII accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.89% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on June 15, 2037, or upon earlier redemption.

Community First (AR) Statutory Trust I (“CFSTI”): The trust preferred securities issued by CFSTI accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 3.25% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on December 26, 2032, or upon earlier redemption.

American State Bank Statutory Trust I (“ASBSTI”): The trust preferred securities issued by ASBSTI accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.80% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on September 15, 2035, or upon earlier redemption.

Subordinated debentures as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are listed below.

June 30,<br>2023 Weighted Average Rate Weighted Average Term in Years
CTII subordinated debentures $ 10,310 7.26 % 11.8
CTIII subordinated debentures 5,155 7.44 % 14.0
CFSTI subordinated debentures 5,155 8.79 % 9.5
ASBII subordinated debentures 7,732 7.35 % 12.2
Total contractual balance 28,352
Fair market value adjustments (4,929 )
Total subordinated debentures $ 23,423
December 31,<br>2022 Weighted Average Rate Weighted Average Term in Years
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
CTII subordinated debentures $ 10,310 6.08 % 12.3
CTIII subordinated debentures 5,155 6.66 % 14.5
CFSTI subordinated debentures 5,155 7.97 % 10.0
ASBII subordinated debentures 7,732 6.57 % 12.7
Total contractual balance 28,352
Fair market value adjustments (5,097 )
Total subordinated debentures $ 23,255

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Subordinated notes

On June 29, 2020, the Company entered into Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and institutional accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued and sold $42,000 in aggregate principal amount of its 7.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated notes due 2030. The notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of June 29, 2020 (the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and UMB Bank, N.A., as trustee. The notes will mature on June 30, 2030. From June 29, 2020, through June 29, 2025, the Company will pay interest on the notes semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30 of each year, commencing on December 30, 2020, at a fixed interest rate of 7.00%. Beginning June 30, 2025, the notes convert to a floating interest rate, to be reset quarterly, equal to the then-current Three-Month Term SOFR, as defined in the Indenture, plus 688 basis points. Interest payments during the floating-rate period will be paid quarterly in arrears on March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30 of each year, commencing on September 30, 2025. On July 23, 2020, the Company closed on an additional $33,000 of subordinated notes with the same terms as the June 29, 2020, issue.

Subordinated notes as of June 30, 2023, are listed below.

June 30,<br>2023 Weighted Average Rate Weighted Average Term in Years
Subordinated notes $ 75,000 7.00 % 7.0
Total principal outstanding 75,000
Debt issuance cost (1,770 )
Total subordinated notes $ 73,230

Subordinated notes as of December 31, 2022, are listed below.

December 31,<br>2022 Weighted Average Rate Weighted Average Term in Years
Subordinated notes $ 75,000 7.00 % 7.5
Total principal outstanding 75,000
Debt issuance cost (1,863 )
Total subordinated notes $ 73,137

Future principal repayments

Future principal repayments of the June 30, 2023, outstanding balances are as follows.

Retail Repurchase Agreements FHLB Advances Subordinated Debentures Subordinated Notes FRB Borrowings Total
Due in one year or less $ 44,770 $ 100,000 $ — $ — $ 140,000 $ 284,770
Due after one year through two years — — — — — —
Due after two years through three years — — — — — —
Due after three years through four years — — — — — —
Due after four years through five years — — — — — —
Thereafter — — 28,352 75,000 — 103,352
Total $ 44,770 $ 100,000 $ 28,352 $ 75,000 $ 140,000 $ 388,122

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NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock

The Company’s articles of incorporation provide for the issuance of shares of preferred stock. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there was no preferred stock outstanding.

Common stock

The Company’s articles of incorporation provide for the issuance of 45,000,000 shares of Class A voting common stock (“Class A common stock”) and 5,000,000 shares of Class B non-voting common stock (“Class B common stock”), both of which have a par value of $0.01 per share.

The following table presents shares that were issued, held in treasury or were outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Class A common stock – issued 20,429,103 20,277,910
Class A common stock – held in treasury (5,016,964 ) (4,347,798 )
Class A common stock – outstanding 15,412,139 15,930,112
Class B common stock – issued 234,903 234,903
Class B common stock – held in treasury (234,903 ) (234,903 )
Class B common stock – outstanding — —

Treasury stock is stated at cost, determined by the first-in first-out method.

In 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Equity Bancshares, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase the Company’s common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or end of each offering period. ESPP compensation expense of $38 and $77 was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. ESPP compensation expense of $42 and $78 was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The following table presents the offering periods and costs associated with this program during the reporting period.

Offering Period Shares Purchased Cost Per Share Compensation Expense
August 15, 2021 to February 14, 2022 14,274 $ 27.37 $ 69
February 15, 2022 to August 14, 2022 14,555 27.61 84
August 15, 2022 to February 14, 2023 17,058 26.18 81

In September of 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock, from time to time, beginning October 29, 2021, and concluding October 28, 2022. The repurchase program did not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares and it may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Under this program, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company repurchased a total of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $32.11 per share.

In September of 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock, from time to time, beginning October 1, 2022, and concluding on September 30, 2023. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares and it could be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Under this program, during the years ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased a total of 163,727 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $33.33 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 669,166 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $26.55 per share. At June 30, 2023, there are 167,107 shares remaining available for repurchase under the program.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of (i) the after-tax effect of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities and (ii) unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges.

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Components of accumulated other comprehensive income as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are listed below.

Available-for-<br>Sale<br>Securities Cash Flow Hedges Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive<br>Income (Loss)
June 30, 2023
Net unrealized or unamortized gains (losses) $ (146,027 ) $ 51 $ (145,976 )
Tax effect 35,768 (17 ) 35,751
$ (110,259 ) $ 34 $ (110,225 )
December 31, 2022
Net unrealized or unamortized gains (losses) $ (148,029 ) $ (2,863 ) $ (150,892 )
Tax effect 36,673 708 $ 37,381
$ (111,356 ) $ (2,155 ) $ (113,511 )

NOTE 8 – REGULATORY MATTERS

Banks and bank holding companies (on a consolidated basis) are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The Basel III rules require banks to maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%, a total Tier 1 capital ratio of 8%, a total capital ratio of 10% and a leverage ratio of 5% to be deemed “well capitalized” for purposes of certain rules and prompt corrective action requirements. The risk-based ratios include a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% which can limit certain activities of an institution, including payment of dividends, share repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers, if its capital level is below the buffer amount. Management believes as of June 30, 2023, the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as are asset growth and acquisitions, and capital restoration plans are required.

As of June 30, 2023, the most recent notifications from the federal regulatory agencies categorized Equity Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, Equity Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed Equity Bank’s category.

The Company’s and Equity Bank’s capital amounts and ratios at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are presented in the table below. The Company was able to take advantage of the accumulated other comprehensive income exception on capital

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calculations that was made available by regulators in order to maintain strong regulatory ratios. Ratios provided for Equity Bancshares, Inc. represent the ratios of the Company on a consolidated basis.

Actual Minimum Required for<br>Capital Adequacy Under Basel III
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Ratio
June 30, 2023
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. $ 609,441 15.96 % $ 400,851 10.50 % N/A N/A
Equity Bank 592,368 15.54 % 400,281 10.50 % 381,220 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. 490,270 12.84 % 324,498 8.50 % N/A
Equity Bank 546,427 14.33 % 324,037 8.50 % 304,976 8.00 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. 466,847 12.23 % 267,234 7.00 % N/A
Equity Bank 546,427 14.33 % 266,854 7.00 % 247,793 6.50 %
Tier 1 leverage to average assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. 490,270 9.54 % 205,633 4.00 % N/A
Equity Bank 546,427 10.65 % 205,283 4.00 % 256,603 5.00 %
December 31, 2022
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. $ 603,593 16.08 % $ 394,072 10.50 % N/A N/A
Equity Bank 588,165 15.71 % 393,168 10.50 % 374,445 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. 483,539 12.88 % 319,011 8.50 % N/A
Equity Bank 541,354 14.46 % 318,279 8.50 % 299,556 8.00 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. 460,285 12.26 % 262,715 7.00 % N/A
Equity Bank 541,354 14.46 % 262,112 7.00 % 243,390 6.50 %
Tier 1 leverage to average assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc. 483,539 9.61 % 201,288 4.00 % N/A
Equity Bank 541,354 10.77 % 201,066 4.00 % 251,332 5.00 %

All values are in US Dollars.

Equity Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that it may declare without prior regulatory approval.

NOTE 9 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Three months ended Six months ended
June 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2022
Basic:
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders $ 11,456 $ 15,259 $ 23,779 $ 30,909
Weighted average common shares outstanding 15,467,857 16,106,643 15,654,466 16,426,098
Weighted average vested restricted stock units 521 40 8,049 2,437
Weighted average shares 15,468,378 16,106,683 15,662,515 16,428,535
Basic earnings (loss) per common share $ 0.74 $ 0.95 $ 1.52 $ 1.88
Diluted:
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders $ 11,456 $ 15,259 $ 23,779 $ 30,909
Weighted average common shares outstanding for:
Basic earnings per common share 15,468,378 16,106,683 15,662,515 16,428,535
Dilutive effects of the assumed exercise of stock options 28,479 95,010 39,736 98,886
Dilutive effects of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units 55,231 109,036 83,613 110,618
Dilutive effects of the assumed exercise of ESPP purchases 2,167 2,224 3,197 1,931
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares 15,554,255 16,312,953 15,789,061 16,639,970
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 0.74 $ 0.94 $ 1.51 $ 1.86

Average shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive are shown in the following table as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Three months ended Six months ended
June 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2022
Stock options 279,720 281,669 262,562 205,750
Restricted stock units 212,210 3,505 181,834 3,505
Total antidilutive shares 491,930 285,174 444,396 209,255

NOTE 10 – FAIR VALUE

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. For disclosure purposes, the Company groups its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities into three different levels based on the nature of the instrument and the availability and reliability of the information that is used to determine fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values are defined as follows.

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Level 1 inputs are considered to be the most transparent and reliable. The Company assumes the use of the principal market to conduct a transaction of each particular asset or liability being measured and then considers the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Whenever possible, the Company first looks for quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1 inputs) to value each asset or liability. However, when inputs from identical assets or liabilities on active markets are not available, the Company utilizes market observable data for similar assets and liabilities. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and limits the use of unobservable inputs to occasions when observable inputs are not

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available. The need to use unobservable inputs generally results from the lack of market liquidity of the actual financial instrument or of the underlying collateral. Although, in some instances, third party price indications may be available, limited trading activity can challenge the implied value of those quotations.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of each instrument under the hierarchy.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The fair values of securities available-for-sale and equity securities with readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. To the extent possible, observable quoted prices in an active market are used to determine fair value and, as such, these securities are classified as Level 1. For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities, generally determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). The Company’s available-for-sale securities, including U.S. Government sponsored entity securities, residential mortgage-backed securities (all of which are issued or guaranteed by government sponsored agencies), corporate securities, Small Business Administration securities, and State and Political Subdivision securities are classified as Level 2.

The fair values of derivatives are determined based on a valuation pricing model using readily available observable market parameters such as interest rate yield curves (Level 2 inputs) adjusted for credit risk attributable to the seller of the interest rate derivative. Cash collateral received from or delivered to a derivative counterparty is classified as Level 1.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the following tables as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ — $ 107,372 $ —
U.S. Treasury securities 234,698 — —
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities — 466,071 —
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities — 151,976 —
Corporate — 48,948 —
Small Business Administration loan pools — 10,714 —
State and political subdivisions — 74,969 —
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets (included in other assets) — 8,143 —
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments (6,658 ) — —
Total derivative assets (6,658 ) 8,143 —
Other assets:
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value 610 — —
Total other assets 610 — —
Total assets $ 228,650 $ 868,193 $ —
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities) $ — $ 5,158 $ —
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments (926 ) — —
Total derivative liabilities (926 ) 5,158 —
Total liabilities $ (926 ) $ 5,158 $ —

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December 31, 2022
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ — $ 106,406 $ —
U.S. Treasury securities 232,158 — —
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-<br>   backed securities — 498,606 —
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities — 163,560 —
Corporate — 52,374 —
Small Business Administration loan pools — 12,181 —
State and political subdivisions — 119,105 —
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets (included in other assets) — 8,736 —
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments (7,336 ) — —
Total derivative assets (7,336 ) 8,736 —
Other assets:
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value 570 — —
Total other assets 570 — —
Total assets $ 225,392 $ 960,968 $ —
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities) $ — $ 8,012 $ —
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments (4,476 ) — —
Total derivative liabilities (4,476 ) 8,012 —
Total liabilities $ (4,476 ) $ 8,012 $ —

There were no material transfers between levels during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into or out of a level as of the end of a reporting period.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when there is evidence of loans individually assessed for credit losses. The fair value of loans individually assessed for credit losses with specific allowance for credit losses are generally based on recent real estate appraisals of the collateral. Declines in the fair values of other real estate owned, subsequent to their initial acquisitions, are also based on recent real estate appraisals less estimated selling costs.

Real estate appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments made to real estate appraisals and other loan valuations are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

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Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Loans individually evaluated for credit losses:
Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ 678
Commercial and industrial — — 3,697
Residential real estate — — 2,200
Agricultural real estate — — 228
Other — — 1,930
Other real estate owned:
Commercial real estate — — 964
Residential real estate — — —
December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Loans individually evaluated for credit losses:
Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ 617
Commercial and industrial — — 4,747
Residential real estate — — 2,395
Agricultural real estate — — 1,253
Other — — 1,871
Other real estate owned:
Commercial real estate — — 792
Residential real estate — — 170

The Company did not record any liabilities for which the fair value was measured on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022.

Valuations of individually evaluated loans and other real estate owned utilize third party appraisals or broker price opinions and were classified as Level 3 due to the significant judgement involved. Appraisals may include the utilization of unobservable inputs, subjective factors and utilize quantitative data to estimate fair market value.

The following table presents additional information about the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of financial assets measured on a nonrecurring basis that were categorized with Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Fair Value Valuation<br>Technique Unobservable<br>Input Range<br>(weighted average) or Multiple of Earnings
June 30, 2023
Individually evaluated real estate loans $ 8,733 Sales<br>Comparison<br>Approach Adjustments for<br>differences between<br>comparable sales 10% - 51%<br>  (31%)
Individually evaluated other real estate owned $ 964 Sales<br>Comparison<br>Approach Adjustments for<br>differences between<br>comparable sales 3% - 24%<br>  (13%)
Individually evaluated real estate loans $ 930 Discounted Cash Flow N/A 8%
December 31, 2022
Individually evaluated real estate loans $ 10,883 Sales<br>Comparison<br>Approach Adjustments for<br>differences between<br>comparable sales 10% - 51%<br>  (31%)
Individually evaluated other real estate owned $ 962 Sales<br>Comparison<br>Approach Adjustments for<br>differences between<br>comparable sales 3% - 24%<br>  (13%)

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Carrying amount and estimated fair values of financial instruments at period end were as follows for June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023
Carrying<br>Amount Estimated<br>Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 278,099 $ 278,099 $ 278,099 $ — $ —
Available-for-sale securities 1,094,748 1,094,748 234,698 860,050 —
Held-to-maturity securities 2,216 2,236 — 2,236 —
Loans held for sale 2,456 2,456 — 2,456 —
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses 3,278,126 3,202,085 — — 3,202,085
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home<br>   Loan Bank stock 21,129 21,129 — 21,129 —
Interest receivable 21,360 21,360 — 21,360 —
Derivative assets 8,143 8,143 — 8,143 —
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty<br>   and netting adjustments (6,658 ) (6,658 ) (6,658 ) — —
Total derivative assets 1,485 1,485 (6,658 ) 8,143 —
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value 610 610 610 — —
Total assets $ 4,700,229 $ 4,624,208 $ 506,749 $ 915,374 $ 3,202,085
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 4,230,950 $ 4,223,099 $ — $ 4,223,099 $ —
Federal funds purchased and retail<br>   repurchase agreements 44,770 44,770 — 44,770 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 100,000 100,000 — 100,000 —
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 140,000 140,000 140,000
Subordinated debentures 23,423 23,423 — 23,423 —
Subordinated notes 73,230 69,293 — 69,293 —
Contractual obligations 29,608 29,608 — 29,608 —
Interest payable 7,951 7,951 — 7,951 —
Derivative liabilities 5,158 5,158 — 5,158 —
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty<br>   and netting adjustments (926 ) (926 ) (926 ) — —
Total derivative liabilities 4,232 4,232 (926 ) 5,158 —
Total liabilities $ 4,654,164 $ 4,642,376 $ (926 ) $ 4,643,302 $ —

45

December 31, 2022
Carrying<br>Amount Estimated<br>Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 104,428 $ 104,428 $ 104,428 $ — $ —
Available-for-sale securities 1,184,390 1,184,390 232,158 952,232 —
Held-to-maturity securities 1,948 1,973 — 1,973 —
Loans held for sale 349 349 — 349 —
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses 3,265,701 3,251,129 — — 3,251,129
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home<br>   Loan Bank stock 21,695 21,695 — 21,695 —
Interest receivable 20,630 20,630 — 20,630 —
Derivative assets 8,736 8,736 — 8,736 —
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty<br>   and netting adjustments (7,336 ) (7,336 ) (7,336 ) — —
Total derivative assets 1,400 1,400 (7,336 ) 8,736 —
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value 570 570 570 — —
Total assets $ 4,601,111 $ 4,586,564 $ 329,820 $ 1,005,615 $ 3,251,129
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 4,241,807 $ 4,232,948 $ — $ 4,232,948 $ —
Federal funds purchased and retail<br>   repurchase agreements 46,478 46,478 — 46,478 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 138,864 138,864 — 138,864 —
Subordinated debentures 23,255 23,255 — 23,255 —
Subordinated notes 73,137 70,887 — 70,887 —
Contractual obligations 15,218 15,218 — 15,218 —
Interest payable 2,462 2,462 — 2,462 —
Derivative liabilities 8,012 8,012 — 8,012 —
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty<br>   and netting adjustments (4,476 ) (4,476 ) (4,476 ) — —
Total derivative liabilities 3,536 3,536 (4,476 ) 8,012 —
Total liabilities $ 4,544,757 $ 4,533,648 $ (4,476 ) $ 4,538,124 $ —

The fair value of off-balance-sheet items is not considered material.

NOTE 11 – COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK

The Company extends credit for commercial real estate mortgages, residential mortgages, working capital financing and loans to businesses and consumers.

Commitments to Originate Loans and Available Lines of Credit

Commitments to originate loans and available lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments and lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments and lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment and lines of credit amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. Mortgage loans in the process of origination represent amounts that the Company plans to fund within a normal period of 60 to 90 days, and which are intended for sale to investors in the secondary market.

The contractual amounts of commitments to originate loans and available lines of credit as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows.

46

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Fixed<br>Rate Variable<br>Rate Fixed<br>Rate Variable<br>Rate
Commitments to make loans $ 54,315 $ 367,690 $ 73,185 $ 210,266
Mortgage loans in the process of origination 3,879 3,591 2,130 3,480
Unused lines of credit 129,082 357,751 130,843 354,408

At June 30, 2023, the fixed rate loan commitments have interest rates ranging from 3.25% to 10.47% and maturities ranging from 1 month to

219

months.

Standby Letters of Credit

Standby letters of credit are irrevocable commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party once specified pre-conditions are met. Financial standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Performance standby letters of credit are issued to guarantee performance of certain customers under non-financial contractual obligations. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

The contractual amounts of standby letters of credit as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Fixed<br>Rate Variable<br>Rate Fixed<br>Rate Variable<br>Rate
Standby letters of credit $ 15,926 $ 26,744 $ 16,358 $ 25,791

NOTE 12 – LEGAL MATTERS

The Company is party to various matters of litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company periodically reviews all outstanding pending or threatened legal proceedings and determines if such matters will have an adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. A loss contingency is recorded when the outcome is probable and reasonably able to be estimated. Any loss contingency described below has been identified by the Company as reasonably possible to result in an unfavorable outcome for the Company or the Bank.

Equity Bank is party to a lawsuit filed on January 28, 2022, in the Sedgwick County Kansas District Court on behalf of one of our customers alleging improperly collected overdraft fees. The plaintiff seeks to have the case certified as a class action. The Bank has filed a motion to dismiss this claim on its merits and on the grounds that the defendant must litigate any such claims in arbitration. The trial court ruling denying the requirement of arbitration is currently on appeal. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against the claim asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss amount of this litigation.

Equity Bank is party to a lawsuit filed on February 2, 2022, in Jackson County, Missouri District Court against the Bank on behalf of one of our Missouri customers alleging improperly collected overdraft fees. The plaintiff seeks to have the case certified as a class action of Missouri customers only. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against the claims now asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss amount of this litigation.

Equity Bank is party to a lawsuit filed on February 18, 2023, in Saline County, Missouri District Court against the Bank on behalf of one of our Missouri customers alleging improperly collected overdraft fees. The plaintiff seeks to have the case certified as a class action for Missouri customers only. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against the claims now asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss amount of this litigation.

NOTE 13 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

The majority of the Company’s revenues come from interest income on financial instruments, including loans, leases, securities and derivatives, which are outside the scope of ASC 606. The Company’s services that fall within the scope of ASC 606 are presented with non-interest income and are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies its obligation to the customer. Services within the scope of ASC 606 include service charges and fees on deposits, debit card income, investment referral income, insurance sales commissions and other non-interest income related to loans and deposits.

47

Except for gains or losses from the sale of other real estate owned, all of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 are recognized in non-interest income. The following table presents the Company’s sources of non-interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended<br>June 30, Six Months Ended<br>June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees $ 2,653 $ 2,617 $ 5,198 $ 5,139
Debit card income 2,653 2,810 5,207 5,438
Mortgage banking(a) 213 428 301 990
Increase in bank-owned life insurance(a) 757 736 2,340 1,601
Net gain (loss) on acquisitions (a) — 540 — 540
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions(a) (1,322 ) (32 ) (1,290 ) 8
Other
Investment referral income 118 140 207 283
Trust income 268 264 508 557
Insurance sales commissions 28 47 141 113
Recovery on zero-basis purchased loans(a) 507 13 513 33
Income (loss) from equity method investments(a) (56 ) (56 ) (111 ) (111 )
Other non-interest income related to loans<br>    and deposits 1,150 2,113 2,512 4,044
Other non-interest income not related to<br>    loans and deposits(a) (19 ) 17 24 24
Total other non-interest income 1,996 2,538 3,794 4,943
Total $ 6,950 $ 9,637 $ 15,550 $ 18,659
(a) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

NOTE 14 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND BRANCH SALES

At the close of business on June 24, 2022, the Company sold three branch locations located in Belleville, Clyde and Concordia, Kansas to United Bank and Trust (UBT). Results of the branch sale were included in the Company's results of operations beginning June 27, 2022. Branch sale costs were $18 ($14 on an after-tax basis) and are included in merger expense in the Company's income statement for the year ended December 31, 2022. At June 30, 2023, there were no costs related to this branch sale.

At the close of business on November 10, 2022, the Company sold one branch location located in Cordell, Oklahoma to High Plains Bank (HPB). Results of the branch sale were included in the Company's results of operations beginning November 14, 2022. There were no branch sale related costs on the Company's income statement for the year ended December 31, 2022. At June 30, 2023, there were no costs related to this branch sale.

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023, and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Also, see the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Item 1A: Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Item 1A of this Quarterly Report. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation includes the following sections:

• Table containing selected financial data and ratios for the periods;

• Overview – a general description of our business and financial highlights;

• Critical Accounting Policies – a discussion of accounting policies that require critical estimates and assumptions;

• Results of Operations – an analysis of our operating results, including disclosures about the sustainability of our earnings;

• Financial Condition – an analysis of our financial position;

• Liquidity and Capital Resources – an analysis of our cash flows and capital position; and

• Non-GAAP Financial Measures – a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures.

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 September 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2022
Statement of Income Data (for the quarterly period ended)
Interest and dividend income $ 61,256 $ 56,123 $ 53,424 $ 48,548 $ 43,624
Interest expense 21,827 17,013 11,393 6,604 4,058
Net interest income 39,429 39,110 42,031 41,944 39,566
Provision (reversal) for credit losses 298 (366 ) (151 ) (136 ) 824
Net gain on acquisition and branch sales — — 422 — 540
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions (1,322 ) 32 14 (17 ) (32 )
Other non-interest income 6,950 8,568 7,893 8,986 9,129
Merger expenses — — 68 115 88
Other non-interest expense 33,130 33,229 35,181 32,121 31,348
Income (loss) before income taxes 12,951 14,847 15,262 18,813 16,943
Provision for income taxes 1,495 2,524 3,654 3,642 1,684
Net income (loss) 11,456 12,323 11,608 15,171 15,259
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders 11,456 12,323 11,608 15,171 15,259
Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.74 $ 0.78 $ 0.73 $ 0.94 $ 0.95
Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 0.74 $ 0.77 $ 0.72 $ 0.93 $ 0.94
Balance Sheet Data (at period end)
Cash and cash equivalents $ 278,099 $ 250,366 $ 104,428 $ 155,413 $ 103,584
Securities available-for-sale 1,094,748 1,183,247 1,184,390 1,198,962 1,288,180
Securities held-to-maturity 2,216 1,944 1,948 — —
Loans held for sale 2,456 648 349 1,518 1,714
Gross loans held for investment 3,322,670 3,330,618 3,311,548 3,255,023 3,223,446
Allowance for credit losses 44,544 45,103 45,847 46,499 48,238
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses 3,278,126 3,285,515 3,265,701 3,208,524 3,175,208
Goodwill and core deposit intangibles, net 61,861 62,779 63,697 64,699 65,655
Mortgage servicing asset, net 126 151 176 201 226
Naming rights, net 1,022 1,033 1,044 1,054 1,065
Total assets 5,094,883 5,156,716 4,981,651 5,000,415 5,002,156
Total deposits 4,230,950 4,286,933 4,241,807 4,226,611 4,291,771
Borrowings 381,423 392,842 281,734 329,707 228,885
Total liabilities 4,676,448 4,731,593 4,571,593 4,604,609 4,574,041
Total stockholders’ equity 418,435 425,123 410,058 395,806 428,115
Tangible common equity* 355,426 361,160 345,141 329,852 361,169
Performance ratios
Return on average assets (ROAA) annualized 0.91 % 1.00 % 0.93 % 1.21 % 1.21 %
Return on average equity (ROAE) annualized 10.82 % 11.89 % 11.57 % 13.80 % 13.99 %
Return on average tangible common equity<br>   (ROATCE) annualized 13.55 % 14.89 % 14.74 % 17.12 % 17.60 %
Yield on loans annualized 6.34 % 5.94 % 5.59 % 5.09 % 4.59 %
Cost of interest-bearing deposits annualized 2.14 % 1.73 % 1.05 % 0.57 % 0.28 %
Net interest margin annualized 3.38 % 3.44 % 3.67 % 3.62 % 3.39 %
Efficiency ratio* 69.45 % 69.69 % 70.47 % 63.07 % 64.38 %
Non-interest income / average assets annualized 0.55 % 0.70 % 0.67 % 0.71 % 0.76 %
Non-interest expense / average assets annualized 2.62 % 2.70 % 2.84 % 2.56 % 2.49 %
Capital Ratios
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio 9.54 % 9.60 % 9.61 % 9.46 % 9.11 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio 12.23 % 12.21 % 12.26 % 12.21 % 12.08 %
Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio 12.84 % 12.83 % 12.88 % 12.84 % 12.71 %
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio 15.96 % 15.98 % 16.08 % 16.06 % 15.97 %
Equity / Assets 8.21 % 8.24 % 8.23 % 7.92 % 8.56 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets* 7.06 % 7.09 % 7.02 % 6.68 % 7.32 %
Dividend payout ratio 13.53 % 13.07 % 14.01 % 10.78 % 8.61 %
Book value per share $ 27.18 $ 27.03 $ 25.74 $ 24.71 $ 26.58
Tangible common book value per share* $ 23.08 $ 22.96 $ 21.67 $ 20.59 $ 22.42
Tangible common book value per diluted share* $ 22.98 $ 22.83 $ 21.35 $ 20.33 $ 22.17

* The value noted is considered a Non-GAAP financial measure. For a reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2.

Overview

We are a financial holding company headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Equity Bank, provides a broad range of financial services primarily to businesses and business owners as well as individuals through our network of 64 full-service banking sites located in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. As of June 30, 2023, we had consolidated total assets of $5.09 billion, total loans held for investment, net of allowance, of $3.28 billion, total deposits of $4.23 billion, and total stockholders’ equity of $418.4 million. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023, the Company had net income of

$11.5 million and $23.8 million. The Company had net income of $15.3 million and $30.9 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are integral to understanding the results reported. Our accounting policies are described in detail in Note 1 to the December 31, 2022, audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023. The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of judgements and assumptions that affect our reported results and disclosures. Several of our accounting policies are inherently subject to valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments and are more critical than others in terms of their importance to results. Changes in any of the estimates and assumptions underlying critical accounting policies could have a material effect on our financial statements. Our accounting policies are described in “NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES” in the Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

The accounting policies that management believes are the most critical to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations and require complex management judgement are described below.

Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses for loans represents management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of our loan portfolio. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of historical default and loss experience, current and projected economic conditions, asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay a loan (including the timing of future payments), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, industry and peer bank loan quality indications, and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. The level of the allowance for credit losses maintained by management is believed adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date; however, determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The actual realized facts and circumstances may be different than those currently estimated by management and may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in future periods. The allowance for credit losses for loans, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets, is adjusted by provision for credit losses, which is recognized in earnings and is reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries.

The allowance represents management’s best estimate, but significant changes in circumstances relating to loan quality and economic conditions could result in significantly different results than what is reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023. Likewise, an improvement in loan quality or economic conditions may allow for a further reduction in the required allowance. Changing credit conditions would be expected to impact realized losses, driving variability in specifically assessed allowances, as well as calculated quantitative and more subjectively analyzed qualitative factors. Depending on the volatility in these conditions, material impacts could be realized within the Company’s operations. Likewise, significant changes in economic conditions, both positive and negative, could result in unexpected realization of provision or reversal of allowance for credit losses due to its impact on the quantitative and qualitative inputs to the Company’s calculation. Under the CECL methodology, the impact of these conditions has the potential to further exacerbate periodic differences due to its life of loan perspective. The life of loans calculated under the methodology is based in contractual duration and modified for prepayment expectations, making significant variation in periodic results possible due to changing contractual or adjusted duration of the assets within the calculation.

Goodwill: Goodwill results from business acquisitions and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment and any such impairment is recognized and expensed in the period identified. Goodwill will be assessed more frequently if a triggering event occurs which indicates that the carrying value of the asset might be impaired. We have selected December 31 as the date to perform our annual goodwill impairment test. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite useful life. For the quarter ended June 30, 2023, management conducted the quarterly qualitative assessment and has determined there was no evidence of a triggering event as of or during the period then ended. Based on this qualitative analysis and conclusion, it was determined that a more robust quantitative assessment was not necessary at our measurement date.

When performing quantitative goodwill impairment assessments, management is required to estimate the fair value of the Company’s equity in a change in control transaction. To complete this valuation, management is required to derive assumptions related to industry performance, reporting unit business performance, economic and market conditions, and various other assumptions, many of which require significant management judgement.

Although management believes that the judgements and estimates used are reasonable, actual results could differ and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material.

Results of Operations

We generate our revenue from interest income and fees on loans, interest and dividends on investment securities, and non-interest income, such as service charges and fees, debit card income, trust and mortgage banking income. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and non-interest expense, such as salaries and employee benefits and occupancy expenses.

Changes in interest rates earned on interest-earning assets or incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic change in net interest income. Fluctuations in interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international circumstances and domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, as well as developments affecting the consumer, commercial and real estate sectors within these markets.

Net Income

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: Net income allocable to common stockholders for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was $11.5 million, or $0.74 diluted earnings per share as compared to $15.3 million, or $0.94 diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2022, a decrease of $3.8 million. The decrease during the three month period ended June 30, 2023, was largely due to a decrease in non-interest income of $2.7 million and an increase in non-interest expense of $1.7 million.

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: Net income allocable to common stockholders for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $23.8 million, or $1.51 diluted earnings per share as compared to $30.9 million, or $1.86 diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2022, a decrease of $7.1 million. The decrease during the six month period ended June 30, 2023, was largely due to a decrease in non-interest income of $3.1 million and an increase in non-interest expense of $5.5 million.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Analysis

Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, including loans and securities, and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, including deposits and other borrowed funds. To evaluate net interest income, management measures and monitors (1) yields on loans and other interest-earning assets, (2) the costs of deposits and other funding sources, (3) the net interest spread, and (4) net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Because non-interest-bearing sources of funds, such as non-interest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these non-interest-bearing sources of funds. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as a “volume change,” and is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as a “yield/rate change.”

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: The following table shows the average balance of each principal category of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity and the average yields on interest-earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. The yields and rates are calculated by dividing annualized income or annualized expense by the average daily balances of the associated assets or liabilities.

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis

For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Average<br>Outstanding<br>Balance Interest<br>Income/<br>Expense Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate(3)(4) Average<br>Outstanding<br>Balance Interest<br>Income/<br>Expense Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate(3)(4)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)
Commercial and industrial $ 590,634 $ 10,885 7.39 % $ 588,126 $ 7,483 5.10 %
Commercial real estate 1,303,520 20,875 6.42 % 1,210,185 14,521 4.81 %
Real estate construction 465,231 8,231 7.10 % 384,317 4,297 4.48 %
Residential real estate 567,297 6,048 4.28 % 597,680 5,206 3.49 %
Agricultural real estate 202,584 3,387 6.71 % 202,038 2,643 5.25 %
Agricultural 101,333 1,704 6.74 % 134,826 1,533 4.56 %
Consumer 106,898 1,618 6.07 % 99,680 1,166 4.69 %
Total loans 3,337,497 52,748 6.34 % 3,216,852 36,849 4.59 %
Taxable securities 1,068,653 5,813 2.18 % 1,210,828 5,584 1.85 %
Nontaxable securities 87,318 568 2.61 % 108,271 678 2.51 %
Total Securities 1,155,971 6,381 2.21 % 1,319,099 6,262 1.90 %
Federal funds sold and other 185,276 2,127 4.60 % 140,016 513 1.47 %
Total interest-earning assets 4,678,744 61,256 5.25 % 4,675,967 43,624 3.74 %
Non-interest-earning assets:
Other real estate owned, net 4,190 9,570
Premises and equipment, net 105,618 102,772
Bank-owned life insurance 123,002 121,182
Goodwill, core deposit and other intangibles, net 63,453 68,978
Other non-interest-earning assets 89,906 89,217
Total assets $ 5,064,913 $ 5,067,686
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits $ 1,013,699 5,598 2.22 % $ 1,149,691 865 0.30 %
Savings and money market 1,309,986 4,905 1.50 % 1,331,911 481 0.14 %
Demand, savings and money market 2,323,685 10,503 1.81 % 2,481,602 1,346 0.22 %
Certificates of deposit 903,280 6,701 2.98 % 630,698 837 0.53 %
Total interest-bearing deposits 3,226,965 17,204 2.14 % 3,112,300 2,183 0.28 %
FHLB term and line of credit advances 101,845 953 3.75 % 80,266 176 0.88 %
Subordinated debt 96,582 1,950 8.10 % 96,068 1,653 6.90 %
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 140,000 1,528 4.38 % — — —
Other borrowings 47,077 192 1.64 % 61,728 46 0.30 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 3,612,469 21,827 2.42 % 3,350,362 4,058 0.49 %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities and<br>   stockholders’ equity:
Non-interest-bearing checking accounts 977,369 1,227,896
Non-interest-bearing liabilities 50,213 51,945
Stockholders’ equity 424,862 437,483
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 5,064,913 $ 5,067,686
Net interest income $ 39,429 $ 39,566
Interest rate spread 2.83 % 3.25 %
Net interest margin(2) 3.38 % 3.39 %
Total cost of deposits, including non-interest<br>   bearing deposits $ 4,204,334 $ 17,204 1.64 % $ 4,340,196 $ 2,183 0.20 %
Average interest-earning assets to<br>   interest-bearing liabilities 129.52 % 139.57 %

(1) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans.

(2) Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average interest-earnings assets for the period.

(3) Tax exempt income is not included in the above table on a tax equivalent basis.

(4) Actual unrounded values are used to calculate the reported yield or rate disclosed. Accordingly, recalculations using the amounts in thousands as disclosed in this report may not produce the same amounts.

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest yields/rates. The following table analyzes the change in volume variances and yield/rate variances for the three month periods ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

Increase (Decrease) Due to: Total<br>Increase /
(Dollars in thousands) Volume(1) Yield/Rate(1) (Decrease)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Commercial and industrial $ 32 $ 3,370 $ 3,402
Commercial real estate 1,190 5,164 6,354
Real estate construction 1,045 2,889 3,934
Residential real estate (276 ) 1,118 842
Agricultural real estate 7 737 744
Agricultural (443 ) 614 171
Consumer 88 364 452
Total loans 1,643 14,256 15,899
Taxable securities (703 ) 932 229
Nontaxable securities (135 ) 25 (110 )
Total securities (838 ) 957 119
Federal funds sold and other 211 1,403 1,614
Total interest-earning assets 1,016 16,616 17,632
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (114 ) 4,847 4,733
Savings and money market (9 ) 4,433 4,424
Demand, savings and money market (123 ) 9,280 9,157
Certificates of deposit 505 5,359 5,864
Total interest-bearing deposits 382 14,639 15,021
FHLB term and line of credit advances 59 718 777
Subordinated debt 8 289 297
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 1,528 — 1,528
Other borrowings (14 ) 160 146
Total interest-bearing liabilities 1,963 15,806 17,769
Net Interest Income $ (947 ) $ 810 $ (137 )

(1) The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous year’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the prior year’s volume. The changes attributable to both volume and rate, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated to the volume variance and the rate variance in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each.

Interest income on interest-earning assets increased $17.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2022. Of this increase, $14.3 million is attributable to increases in loan rate/yield. Yield on loans increased by 175 basis points for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as compared quarter ended to June 30, 2022. The increase in interest income on loans is primarily due to higher yields on commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, real estate construction and residential real estate. Overall, the increase in interest income on interest earning assets is due to the increase in market interest rates.

There was an increase in interest expense on total interest-bearing liabilities of $17.8 million due to a general increase in market interest rates and to a lesser extent an increase in volume on borrowing, primarily from the Federal Reserve Bank. The increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits from 0.28% for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 to 2.14% for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, was primarily the result the Federal Reserve raising the federal funds target rate in response to inflation concerns, with more interest rate increases expected during the remainder of 2023.

When compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2022, net interest margin decreased 1 basis points during the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Comparing to the same periods one year ago, net interest spread decreased by 42 basis points to 2.83% from 3.25%. The decrease in net interest margin can be attributed to an increase in the rate/yield earned on interest-earning asset, which was outpaced by an increases in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The decrease in interest spread is primarily due to the increase in volume of interest bearing liabilities at current market rates.

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: The following table shows the average balance of each principal category of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity and the average yields on interest-earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. The yields and rates are calculated by dividing annualized income or annualized expense by the average daily balances of the associated assets or liabilities.

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis

For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Average<br>Outstanding<br>Balance Interest<br>Income/<br>Expense Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate(3)(4) Average<br>Outstanding<br>Balance Interest<br>Income/<br>Expense Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate(3)(4)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)
Commercial and industrial $ 584,081 $ 20,519 7.08 % $ 581,880 $ 15,244 5.28 %
Commercial real estate 1,324,010 40,987 6.24 % 1,200,212 27,972 4.70 %
Real estate construction 434,793 14,926 6.92 % 363,542 7,596 4.21 %
Residential real estate 568,710 11,848 4.20 % 615,035 10,872 3.56 %
Agricultural real estate 202,742 6,501 6.47 % 202,091 5,306 5.29 %
Agricultural 100,795 3,183 6.37 % 142,210 3,849 5.46 %
Consumer 106,546 3,165 5.99 % 101,409 2,316 4.60 %
Total loans 3,321,677 101,129 6.14 % 3,206,379 73,155 4.60 %
Taxable securities 1,076,108 11,760 2.20 % 1,248,178 10,975 1.77 %
Nontaxable securities 94,538 1,237 2.64 % 109,866 1,333 2.45 %
Total securities 1,170,646 12,997 2.24 % 1,358,044 12,308 1.83 %
Federal funds sold and other 152,747 3,253 4.29 % 131,148 813 1.25 %
Total interest-earning assets 4,645,070 117,379 5.10 % 4,695,571 86,276 3.71 %
Non-interest-earning assets:
Other real estate owned, net 4,236 9,596
Premises and equipment, net 104,512 103,230
Bank-owned life insurance 123,215 121,108
Goodwill, core deposit and other intangibles, net 63,947 69,576
Other non-interest-earning assets 88,880 88,709
Total assets $ 5,029,860 $ 5,087,790
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits $ 1,024,317 10,428 2.05 % $ 1,181,440 1,445 0.25 %
Savings and money market 1,312,474 8,529 1.31 % 1,326,267 897 0.14 %
Demand, savings and money market 2,336,791 18,957 1.64 % 2,507,707 2,342 0.19 %
Certificates of deposit 894,446 12,068 2.72 % 630,189 1,563 0.50 %
Total interest-bearing deposits 3,231,237 31,025 1.94 % 3,137,896 3,905 0.25 %
FHLB term and line of credit advances 95,497 1,971 4.16 % 45,299 185 0.82 %
Subordinated debt 96,520 3,794 7.93 % 96,000 3,252 6.83 %
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 76,580 1,663 4.38 % 6 — 0.25 %
Other borrowings 48,501 387 1.61 % 57,989 79 0.27 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 3,548,335 38,840 2.21 % 3,337,190 7,421 0.45 %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities and<br>   stockholders’ equity:
Non-interest-bearing checking accounts 1,010,448 1,228,949
Non-interest-bearing liabilities 48,384 56,722
Stockholders’ equity 422,693 464,929
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 5,029,860 $ 5,087,790
Net interest income $ 78,539 $ 78,855
Interest rate spread 2.89 % 3.26 %
Net interest margin(2) 3.41 % 3.39 %
Total cost of deposits, including non-interest<br>   bearing deposits $ 4,241,685 $ 31,025 1.47 % $ 4,366,845 $ 3,905 0.18 %
Average interest-earning assets to<br>   interest-bearing liabilities 130.91 % 140.70 %

(1) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans.

(2) Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average interest-earnings assets for the period.

(3) Tax exempt income is not included in the above table on a tax equivalent basis.

(4) Actual unrounded values are used to calculate the reported yield or rate disclosed. Accordingly, recalculations using the amounts in thousands as disclosed in this report may not produce the same amounts.

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest yields/rates. The following table analyzes the change in volume variances and yield/rate variances for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

Increase (Decrease) Due to: Total<br>Increase /
(Dollars in thousands) Volume(1) Yield/Rate(1) (Decrease)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Commercial and industrial $ 58 $ 5,217 $ 5,275
Commercial real estate 3,112 9,903 13,015
Real estate construction 1,712 5,618 7,330
Residential real estate (862 ) 1,838 976
Agricultural real estate 17 1,178 1,195
Agricultural (1,240 ) 574 (666 )
Consumer 121 728 849
Total loans 2,918 25,056 27,974
Taxable securities (1,646 ) 2,431 785
Nontaxable securities (195 ) 99 (96 )
Total securities (1,841 ) 2,530 689
Federal funds sold and other 154 2,286 2,440
Total interest-earning assets 1,231 29,872 31,103
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (217 ) 9,200 8,983
Savings and money market (9 ) 7,641 7,632
Demand, savings and money market (226 ) 16,841 16,615
Certificates of deposit 907 9,598 10,505
Total interest-bearing deposits 681 26,439 27,120
FHLB term and line of credit advances 384 1,402 1,786
Subordinated debt 18 524 542
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 1,661 2 1,663
Other borrowings (16 ) 324 308
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,728 28,691 31,419
Net Interest Income $ (1,497 ) $ 1,181 $ (316 )

(1) The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous year’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the prior year’s volume. The changes attributable to both volume and rate, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated to the volume variance and the rate variance in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each.

Interest income on interest-earning assets increased $31.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Of this increase, $25.1 million is attributable to increases in loans rate/yield. Yield on loans increased by 154 basis points for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months June 30, 2022. The increase in interest income on loans is primarily due to higher yields on commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, real estate construction, residential real estate and agricultural real estate loans, offset by decreases in volume and yield on agricultural loans.

There was an increase in interest expense on Total interest-bearing deposits of $31.4 million due to a general increase in market interest rates. The increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits from 0.25% for the six months ended March 21, 2022 to 1.94% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily the result the Federal Reserve raising federal funds target rate in response to inflation concerns, with more interest rate increases expected.

When compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, net interest margin increased 2 basis points during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Comparing the same periods, net interest spread decreased by 37 basis points to 2.89% from 3.26%. The increase in net interest margin can be attributed to an increase in the rate/yield earned on interest-earning asset, offset by an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities portfolio. While the net interest spread decreased over the comparative period as the re-pricing of our interest-bearing liabilities and the increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities continues to outpaced the re-pricing of our interest-earning asset portfolio coupled with the decrease in the average balance of the interest-earning asset portfolio.

Provision for Credit Losses

We maintain an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses in our loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses is increased by a provision for credit losses, which is a charge to earnings, and subsequent recoveries of amounts previously charged-off, but is decreased by charge-offs when the collectability of a loan balance is unlikely. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience within the Company’s portfolio. This historical loss calculation is then modified to reflect quantitative economic circumstances based on evidenced economic conditions and regression formulas, which incorporate lag factors in identifying a sufficiently predictive adjusted-R square, as well as qualitative factors not inherently reflected in our historical loss or quantitative economic inputs. Included in our qualitative assessment is the consideration of prospective economic conditions over the next 12 months, considered the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast period. As these factors change, the amount of the credit loss provision changes.

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: During the three months ended June 30, 2023, there was a provision for credit losses of $298 thousand compared to a provision of $824 thousand during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The provision for the quarter is the result of slight increases in projected losses over our economic forecast period and realized charge-offs; however, overall we continue to experience positive credit trends. The Company continues to estimate the allowance for credit losses with assumptions that anticipate slowing prepayment rates and continued market disruption caused by elevated inflation, supply chain issues and the impact of monetary policy on consumers and businesses. Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2023, were $857 thousand compared to net charge-offs of $176 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, gross charge-offs were $1.1 million, offset by gross recoveries of $211 thousand. In comparison, gross charge-offs were $382 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022, offset by gross recoveries of $206 thousand.

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there was a reversal for credit losses of $68 thousand compared to a provision of $412 thousand during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The release of provision for the six months ended June 30, 2023, is the result of continued positive credit trends without realization of meaningful losses. Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023, were $1.2 million compared to net charge-offs of $539 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, gross charge-offs were $1.7 million, offset by gross recoveries of $471 thousand. In comparison, gross charge-offs were $916 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022, offset by gross recoveries of $377 thousand.

Non-Interest Income

The primary sources of non-interest income are service charges and fees, debit card income, mortgage banking income, and increases in the value of bank-owned life insurance. Non-interest income does not include loan origination or other loan fees, which are recognized as an adjustment to yield using the interest method.

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: The following table provides a comparison of the major components of non-interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Non-Interest Income

For the Three Months Ended June 30,

2023 vs. 2022
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Change %
Service charges and fees $ 2,653 $ 2,617 $ 36 1.4 %
Debit card income 2,653 2,810 (157 ) (5.6 )%
Mortgage banking 213 428 (215 ) (50.2 )%
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance 757 736 21 2.9 %
Other
Investment referral income 118 140 (22 ) (15.7 )%
Trust income 268 264 4 1.5 %
Insurance sales commissions 28 48 (20 ) (41.7 )%
Recovery on zero-basis purchased loans 507 13 494 3800.0 %
Income (loss) from equity method investments (56 ) (56 ) — — %
Other non-interest income 1,131 2,129 (998 ) (46.9 )%
Total other 1,996 2,538 (542 ) (21.4 )%
Subtotal 8,272 9,129 (857 ) (9.4 )%
Net gain (loss) on acquisition and branch sales — 540 (540 ) (100.0 )%
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions (1,322 ) (32 ) (1,290 ) 4031.3 %
Total non-interest income $ 6,950 $ 9,637 $ (2,687 ) (27.9 )%

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: Total non-interest income decreased $2.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is largely attributable to $1.3 million net loss on the sale of AFS securities, and a $998 decrease in other non-interest income. The decrease in other non-interest income was primarily due to decreases in loan repurchase obligation reversal and net economic derivative loss. The decrease in mortgage banking income is due to decreased activity in held for sale mortgage portfolio primarily due to increases in mortgage interest rates.

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: The following table provides a comparison of the major components of non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Non-Interest Income

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

2023 vs. 2022
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Change %
Service charges and fees $ 5,198 $ 5,139 $ 59 1.1 %
Debit card income 5,207 5,438 (231 ) (4.2 )%
Mortgage banking 301 990 (689 ) (69.6 )%
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance 2,340 1,601 739 46.2 %
Other
Investment referral income 207 283 (76 ) (26.9 )%
Trust income 508 557 (49 ) (8.8 )%
Insurance sales commissions 141 113 28 24.8 %
Recovery on zero-basis purchased loans 513 33 480 1454.5 %
Income from equity method investments (111 ) (111 ) — — %
Other non-interest income 2,536 4,068 (1,532 ) (37.7 )%
Total other 3,794 4,943 (1,149 ) (23.2 )%
Subtotal 16,840 18,111 (1,271 ) (7.0 )%
Net gain (loss) on acquisition and branch sales — 540 (540 ) (100.0 )%
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions (1,290 ) 8 (1,298 ) (16225.0 )%
Total non-interest income $ 15,550 $ 18,659 $ (3,109 ) (16.7 )%

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: Total non-interest income decreased $3.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is largely attributable to $1.3 million net loss on the sale of AFS securities and a $1.5 million decrease in other income. The decrease in mortgage banking

income is due to decreased activity in held for sale mortgage portfolio. The decrease in other non-interest income was primarily due to decreases in loan repurchase obligation reversal and net economic derivative loss.

Non-Interest Expense

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: For the three months ended June 30, 2023, non-interest expense totaled $33.1 million, an increase of $1.7 million, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Changes in the various components of non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, are discussed in more detail in the following table.

Non-Interest Expense

For the Three Months Ended June 30,

2023 vs. 2022
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Change %
Salaries and employee benefits $ 15,237 $ 15,383 $ (146 ) (0.9 )%
Net occupancy and equipment 2,940 3,007 (67 ) (2.2 )%
Data processing 4,493 3,642 851 23.4 %
Professional fees 1,645 1,111 534 48.1 %
Advertising and business development 1,249 972 277 28.5 %
Telecommunications 516 442 74 16.7 %
FDIC insurance 515 260 255 98.1 %
Courier and postage 463 489 (26 ) (5.3 )%
Free nationwide ATM cost 524 541 (17 ) (3.1 )%
Amortization of core deposit intangible 918 1,111 (193 ) (17.4 )%
Loan expense 136 207 (71 ) (34.3 )%
Other real estate owned 71 14 57 407.1 %
Other 4,423 4,169 254 6.1 %
Subtotal 33,130 31,348 1,782 5.7 %
Merger expenses — 88 (88 ) (100.0 )%
Total non-interest expense $ 33,130 $ 31,436 $ 1,694 5.4 %

Salaries and employee benefits: There was a minimal decrease in salaries for the period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to decreases in share-based compensation expense and employee insurance costs. The decrease in share-based compensation is due to the reversal of share-based compensation associated with the departure of senior management team members.

Data processing: There was an increase in data processing costs of $851 thousand for the period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in data processing fees of $433 thousand, credit card processing fees of $180 thousand, and software license expenses of $117 thousand.

Professional fees: Costs of professional fees increased $534 thousand for the period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in attorney fees of $480 thousand and consulting fees of $229 thousand.

Advertising and business development: There was an increase in advertising and business development costs of $277 thousand for the period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in media advertising of $143 thousand and advertising of $78 thousand.

FDIC insurance: FDIC insurance costs increased $255 thousand for the period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in FDIC assessment rates.

Other: Other non-interest expenses consists of subscriptions, memberships and dues, employee expenses, including travel, meals, entertainment and education, supplies, printing, insurance, account related losses, correspondent bank fees, customer program expenses, losses net of gains on the sale of fixed assets, losses net of gains on the sale of repossessed assets other than real estate, other operating expenses, such as settlement of claims, losses from limited partnerships entered into for tax credits and provision for unfunded commitments. The increase in the other expense category which includes amortization of solar tax credits in the amount of $1.0 million, was a net $254 thousand increase, or 6.1%, between the quarters ending June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: For the six months ended June 30, 2023, non-interest expense totaled $66.4 million, an increase of $5.5 million, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Changes in the various components of non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, are discussed in more detail in the following table.

Non-Interest Expense

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

2023 vs. 2022
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Change %
Salaries and employee benefits $ 31,929 $ 30,451 $ 1,478 4.9 %
Net occupancy and equipment 5,819 6,177 (358 ) (5.8 )%
Data processing 8,409 7,411 998 13.5 %
Professional fees 3,029 2,282 747 32.7 %
Advertising and business development 2,408 1,948 460 23.6 %
Telecommunications 1,001 912 89 9.8 %
FDIC insurance 875 440 435 98.9 %
Courier and postage 921 912 9 1.0 %
Free nationwide ATM cost 1,049 1,042 7 0.7 %
Amortization of core deposit intangibles 1,836 2,161 (325 ) (15.0 )%
Loan expense 253 392 (139 ) (35.5 )%
Other real estate owned 190 13 177 1361.5 %
Other 8,640 6,343 2,297 36.2 %
Sub-Total 66,359 60,484 5,875 9.7 %
Loss on debt extinguishment — - — — %
Merger expenses — 411 (411 ) (100.0 )%
Total non-interest expense $ 66,359 $ 60,895 $ 5,464 9.0 %

Salaries and employee benefits: There was a $1.5 million increase in salaries and employee benefits for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. Salaries and employee benefits increased $1.4 million from June 30, 2022 and share-based compensation expense decreased by $131 thousand for the same period.

Data processing: There was an increase in data processing costs of $998 thousand for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in data processing fees of $503 thousand, credit card processing fees of $197 thousand, debit card expenses of $172 thousand, and software license expenses of $108 thousand.

Professional fees: Costs of professional fees increased $747 thousand for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in attorney fees of $554 thousand and consulting fees of $303 thousand.

Advertising and business development: There was an increase in advertising and business development costs of $460 thousand for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in media advertising of $268 thousand and advertising of $164 thousand.

FDIC insurance: FDIC insurance costs increased $435 thousand for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in FDIC assessment rates.

Other: Other non-interest expenses consists of subscriptions, memberships and dues, employee expenses, including travel, meals, entertainment and education, supplies, printing, insurance, account related losses, correspondent bank fees, customer program expenses, losses net of gains on the sale of fixed assets, losses net of gains on the sale of repossessed assets other than real estate, other operating expenses, such as settlement of claims, losses from limited partnerships entered into for tax credits and provision for unfunded commitments. In the other expense category, there was a net $2.3 million increase, or 36.2%, between the six months ending June 30, 2023, and 2022. The increase was primarily due to additional amortization of solar tax credits of $1.1 million and $749 thousand increase in the estimated credit loss on unfunded commitments.

Efficiency Ratio

The efficiency ratio is a supplemental financial measure utilized in the internal evaluation of performance and is not defined under GAAP. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2. Our efficiency ratio is computed by dividing non-interest expense, excluding merger expenses, by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, excluding net gain or loss from securities transactions. Generally, an increase in the efficiency ratio indicates that more resources are being utilized to generate the same volume of income, while a decrease would indicate a more efficient allocation of resources.

The efficiency ratio was 69.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with 64.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in non-interest expense as well as a decrease in net interest income primarily due to the volume of interest-bearing liabilities and the increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the increase in yield of interest-bearing assets. The quarterly efficiency ratio is continuing to show improvement from the high at December 31, 2022.

The efficiency ratio was 69.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with 62.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in non-interest expense as well as a decrease in net interest income primarily due to the volume of interest-bearing liabilities and the increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the increase in yield of interest-bearing assets. The annualized efficiency ratio is showing improvement, but until the fixed rate portion of the interest-bearing assets portfolio reprices upward either from maturity or liquidation, the efficiency ratio will continue to higher than 5 year historical average.

Income Taxes

In general, the Company records income tax expense each quarter based on its estimate as to the full year’s effective tax rate which includes, in addition to statutory rates, estimated amounts for tax-exempt interest income, non-taxable life insurance income, non-deductible executive compensation, valuation allowance on deferred assets, other non-deductible expense, and federal and state income tax credits anticipated to be available in proportion to anticipated annual income before income taxes. Certain items, however, are given discrete period treatment and the tax effects for such items are therefore reported in the quarter that an event arises. Events or items that may give rise to discrete recognition include excess tax benefits or shortfalls with respect to share-based compensation, changes in tax law, and non-deductible merger expense.

Three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with three months ended June 30, 2022: The effective income tax rate for the three month period ended June 30, 2023, was 11.5% as compared to 9.9% for the three month period ended June 30, 2022. Income tax expense for the three month period ended June 30, 2023, includes $5 thousand of tax benefit attributable to the settlement in stock of restricted stock units and the exercise of options and $775 thousand of benefit related to the recognition of federal tax credits net of related proportional amortization adjustments consistent with ASU 2023-02.

Six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with six months ended June 30, 2022: The effective income tax rate for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, was 14.5% as compared to 14.6% for the six month period ended June 30, 2022. Income tax expense for the six month period ended June 30, 2023, includes $75 thousand of tax benefit attributable to the settlement in stock of restricted stock units and the exercise of options and $1.5 million of benefit related to the recognition of federal tax credits net of related proportional amortization adjustments consistent with ASU 2023-02.

Financial Condition

Total assets increased $113.2 million from December 31, 2022, to $5.09 billion at June 30, 2023. This variance was primarily due to increases of $173.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, offset by the decrease in available-for-sale securities of $89.6 million. Total liabilities increased $104.9 million to $4.68 billion at June 30, 2023. The change in total liabilities is mostly due to an increase in Federal Reserve Bank borrowings of $140.0 million, partially offset by a decrease of $38.9 million in Federal Home Loan Bank advances. Total stockholders’ equity increased $8.4 million from $410.1 million at December 31, 2022, to $418.4 million at June 30, 2023, principally due to net income for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and from the decrease in unrealized holding losses, net of tax, in the investment securities portfolio.

Loan Portfolio

The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated.

Composition of Loan Portfolio

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Amount Percent Amount Percent Change %
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $ 583,664 17.6 % $ 594,863 18.0 % $ (11,199 ) (1.9 )%
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate 1,764,460 53.1 % 1,721,268 52.0 % 43,192 2.5 %
Residential real estate 560,389 16.9 % 570,550 17.2 % (10,161 ) (1.8 )%
Agricultural real estate 202,317 6.1 % 199,189 6.0 % 3,128 1.6 %
Total real estate loans 2,527,166 76.1 % 2,491,007 75.2 % 36,159 1.5 %
Agricultural 104,510 3.1 % 120,003 3.6 % (15,493 ) (12.9 )%
Consumer 107,330 3.2 % 105,675 3.2 % 1,655 1.6 %
Total loans held for investment $ 3,322,670 100.0 % $ 3,311,548 100.0 % $ 11,122 0.3 %
Total loans held for sale $ 2,456 100.0 % $ 349 100.0 % $ 2,107 603.7 %
Total loans held for investment (net of allowances) $ 3,278,126 100.0 % $ 3,265,701 100.0 % $ 12,425 0.4 %

Our commercial loan portfolio consists of various types of loans, most of which are generally made to borrowers located in the Wichita, Kansas City, and Tulsa Metropolitan Statistical Areas (“MSAs”), as well as various community markets throughout Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Most of our loan portfolio consists of commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans, and a substantial portion of our borrowers’ ability to honor their obligations is dependent on local economies in which they operate.

At June 30, 2023, gross total loans, including loans held for sale, were 78.6% of deposits and 65.3% of total assets. At December 31, 2022, gross total loans, including loans held for sale, were 78.1% of deposits and 66.5% of total assets.

We provide commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, commercial real estate loans (including loans secured by owner-occupied commercial properties), term loans, equipment financing, aircraft financing, real property acquisition and development loans, borrowing base loans, real estate construction loans, homebuilder loans, SBA loans, agricultural and agricultural real estate loans, letters of credit and other loan products to national and regional companies, real estate developers, mortgage lenders, manufacturing and industrial companies and other businesses. The types of loans we make to consumers include residential real estate loans, home equity loans, home equity lines of credit, installment loans, unsecured and secured personal lines of credit, overdraft protection, and letters of credit.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans include loans used to purchase fixed assets, to provide working capital or meet other financing needs of the business.

Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate loans include all loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties and multifamily residential properties, as well as 1-4 family investment-purpose real estate loans.

Residential real estate: Residential real estate loans include loans secured by primary or secondary personal residences. Pools of mortgages are occasionally purchased to expand our loan portfolio and provide additional loan income.

Agricultural real estate, Agricultural, Consumer and other: Agricultural real estate loans are loans related to farmland. Agricultural loans are primarily operating lines subject to annual farming revenues including productivity/yield of the agricultural commodities produced. Consumer loans are generally secured by consumer assets but may be unsecured.

The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with predetermined interest rates and floating rates in each maturity range as of June 30, 2023, are summarized in the following table.

Loan Maturity and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates

As of June 30, 2023
One year<br>or less After one year<br>through five<br>years After five<br>years through fifteen years After fifteen years Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $ 184,264 $ 319,089 $ 76,940 $ 3,371 $ 583,664
Real Estate:
Commercial real estate 304,337 1,105,344 283,960 70,819 1,764,460
Residential real estate 855 9,990 119,123 430,421 560,389
Agricultural real estate 50,301 115,238 29,144 7,634 202,317
Total real estate 355,493 1,230,572 432,227 508,874 2,527,166
Agricultural 70,133 26,803 3,383 4,191 104,510
Consumer 32,008 49,930 23,170 2,222 107,330
Total $ 641,898 $ 1,626,394 $ 535,720 $ 518,658 $ 3,322,670
Loans with a predetermined fixed interest rate $ 232,554 $ 761,119 $ 141,738 $ 299,854 $ 1,435,265
Loans with an adjustable/floating interest rate 409,344 865,275 393,982 218,804 1,887,405
Total $ 641,898 $ 1,626,394 $ 535,720 $ 518,658 $ 3,322,670

The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with predetermined interest rates and floating rates in each maturity range as of December 31, 2022, are summarized in the following table.

Loan Maturity and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates

As of December 31, 2022
One year<br>or less After one year<br>through five<br>years After five<br>years through fifteen years After fifteen years Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $ 194,487 $ 310,839 $ 84,930 $ 4,607 $ 594,863
Real Estate:
Commercial real estate 331,226 1,042,683 279,759 67,600 1,721,268
Residential real estate 1,293 9,647 122,509 437,101 570,550
Agricultural real estate 47,696 112,387 31,295 7,811 199,189
Total real estate 380,215 1,164,717 433,563 512,512 2,491,007
Agricultural 79,055 32,688 3,714 4,546 120,003
Consumer 35,026 45,258 23,091 2,300 105,675
Total $ 688,783 $ 1,553,502 $ 545,298 $ 523,965 $ 3,311,548
Loans with a predetermined fixed interest rate $ 218,417 $ 771,980 $ 181,239 $ 306,537 $ 1,478,173
Loans with an adjustable/floating interest rate 470,366 781,522 364,059 217,428 1,833,375
Total $ 688,783 $ 1,553,502 $ 545,298 $ 523,965 $ 3,311,548

Credit Quality Indicators

We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, current economic trends, and other factors. Loans are analyzed individually and classified based on credit risk. Consumer loans are considered pass credits unless downgraded due to payment status or reviewed as part of a larger credit relationship.

For additional information, see “NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Nonperforming Assets

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated.

Nonperforming Assets

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans $ 14,970 $ 17,601
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due — —
OREO acquired through foreclosure, net 671 600
Other repossessed assets 67 47
Total nonperforming assets $ 15,708 $ 18,248
Ratios:
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.31 % 0.37 %
Nonperforming assets to total loans plus OREO and repossessed assets 0.47 % 0.55 %

Generally, loans are designated as nonaccrual when either principal or interest payments are 90 days or more past due based on contractual terms, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual, or charged off, at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income earned in the current year is reversed against income and unpaid interest earned in prior years is charged off. Future interest income may be recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The nonperforming loans at June 30, 2023, consisted of 174 separate credits and 151 separate borrowers. We had 4 non-performing loan relationships, totaling $5.2 million, with an outstanding balance in excess of $1.0 million as of June 30, 2023.

There are several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by lenders and we also monitor delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. In accordance with applicable regulation, appraisals or evaluations are required to independently value real estate and are an important element to consider when underwriting loans secured in part or in whole by real estate. The value of real estate collateral provides additional support to the borrower’s credit capacity. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

Potential Problem Loans

Potential problem loans consist of loans that are performing in accordance with contractual terms, but for which management has concerns about the borrower’s ability to comply with repayment terms because of the borrower’s potential financial difficulties. Potential problem loans are assigned a grade of special mention or substandard. At June 30, 2023, the Company had $28.8 million in potential problem loans which were not included in either non-accrual or 90 days past due categories, compared to $37.6 million at December 31, 2022.

With respect to potential problem loans, all monitored and under-performing loans are reviewed and evaluated to determine if they are impaired. If we determine that a loan is impaired, then we evaluate the borrower’s overall financial condition to determine the need, if any, for possible write downs or appropriate additions to the allowance for credit losses based on the unlikelihood of full repayment of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms or the net realizable value of the pledged collateral.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Please see “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses” for additional discussion of our allowance policy.

In connection with our review of the loan portfolio, risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories are considered when assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements include the following items.

• Commercial and industrial loans are dependent on the strength of the industries of the related borrowers and the success of their businesses. Commercial and industrial loans are advanced for equipment purchases, to provide working capital, or to meet other financing needs of the business. These loans may be secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or other business assets. Financial information is obtained from the borrower to evaluate the debt service coverage and ability to repay the loans.

• Commercial real estate loans are dependent on the industries tied to these loans as well as the local commercial real estate market. The loans are secured by the real estate, and appraisals are obtained to support the loan amount. An evaluation of the project’s cash flows is performed to evaluate the borrower’s ability to repay the loan at the time of origination and is periodically updated during the life of the loan.

• Residential real estate loans are affected by the local residential real estate market, the local economy, and movement in interest rates. We evaluate the borrower’s repayment ability through a review of credit reports and debt to income ratios. Appraisals are obtained to support the loan amount.

• Agricultural real estate loans are real estate loans related to farmland and are affected by the value of farmland. We evaluate the borrower’s ability to repay based on cash flows from farming operations.

• Agricultural loans are primarily operating lines subject to annual farming revenues including productivity/yield of the agricultural commodities produced and market pricing at the time of sale.

• Consumer loans are dependent on the local economy. Consumer loans are generally secured by consumer assets but may be unsecured. We evaluate the borrower’s repayment ability through a review of credit scores and an evaluation of debt to income ratios.

The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the allowance for credit losses and other related data.

Allowance for Credit Losses
For the Quarters Ended,
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2023 Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Residential Real Estate Agricultural Real Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
Allowance for credit losses (ACL) $ 16,652 $ 15,194 $ 8,855 $ 583 $ 1,289 $ 1,971 $ 44,544
Total loans outstanding (1) 1,764,460 583,664 560,389 202,317 104,510 107,330 3,322,670
Net (charge-offs) recoveries QTD 61 (593 ) (10 ) 3 (108 ) (210 ) (857 )
Net (charge-offs) recoveries YTD 67 (1,024 ) 1 3 47 (329 ) (1,235 )
Average loan balance QTD (1) 1,768,751 590,634 565,500 202,584 101,333 106,898 3,335,700
Average loan balance YTD (1) 1,758,803 584,081 567,604 202,742 100,795 106,546 3,320,571
Non-accrual loan balance 2,728 4,572 2,916 1,883 2,511 360 14,970
Loans to total loans outstanding 53.1 % 17.6 % 16.9 % 6.1 % 3.1 % 3.2 % 100.0 %
ACL to total loans 0.9 % 2.6 % 1.6 % 0.3 % 1.2 % 1.8 % 1.3 %
Net charge-offs to average loans QTD — % (0.1 )% — % — % (0.1 )% (0.2 )% — %
Net charge-offs to average loans YTD — % (0.2 )% — % — % — % (0.3 )% — %
Non-accrual loans to total loans 0.2 % 0.8 % 0.5 % 0.9 % 2.4 % 0.3 % 0.5 %
ACL to non-accrual loans 610.4 % 332.3 % 303.7 % 31.0 % 51.3 % 547.5 % 297.6 %
June 30, 2022 Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Residential Real Estate Agricultural Real Estate Agricultural Consumer Total
Allowance for credit losses (ACL) $ 22,665 $ 13,209 $ 6,818 $ 1,007 $ 2,289 $ 2,250 $ 48,238
Total loans outstanding (1) 1,643,068 578,899 578,936 197,938 124,753 99,852 3,223,446
Net (charge-offs) recoveries QTD (10 ) 45 (12 ) — (1 ) (198 ) (176 )
Net (charge-offs) recoveries YTD (232 ) 39 (14 ) 7 (1 ) (338 ) (539 )
Average loan balance QTD (1) 1,594,502 588,126 595,575 202,038 134,826 99,680 3,214,747
Average loan balance YTD (1) 1,563,754 581,880 612,886 202,091 142,210 101,409 3,204,230
Non-accrual loan balance 5,104 3,351 2,903 3,478 3,757 267 18,860
Loans to total loans outstanding 51.0 % 18.0 % 18.0 % 6.1 % 3.9 % 3.1 % 100.0 %
ACL to total loans 1.4 % 2.3 % 1.2 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 2.3 % 1.5 %
Net charge-offs to average loans QTD — % — % — % — % — % (0.2 )% — %
Net charge-offs to average loans YTD — % — % — % — % — % (0.3 )% — %
Non-accrual loans to total loans 0.3 % 0.6 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 3.0 % 0.3 % 0.6 %
ACL to non-accrual loans 444.1 % 394.2 % 234.9 % 29.0 % 60.9 % 842.7 % 255.8 %

(1) Excluding loans held for sale.

Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2023, was adequate to cover current expected credit losses in the loan portfolio as of such date. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not sustain losses in future periods, which could be substantial in relation to the size of the allowance at June 30, 2023.

The allowance for credit losses on loans measured on a collective basis totaled $41.1 million, or 1.2% of the $3.31 billion in loans measured on a collective basis at June 30, 2023, compared to an allowance for credit losses of $40.9 million, or 1.2%, of the $3.29 billion in loans measured on a collective basis at December 31, 2022. The total reserve percentage was 1.3% at June 30, 2023 and 1.4% at December 31, 2022.

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, to provide an appropriate return on funds invested, to manage interest rate risk, to meet pledging requirements and to meet regulatory capital requirements. At June 30, 2023, securities represented 21.5% of total assets, slightly decreasing from 23.8% at December 31, 2022.

At the date of purchase, debt securities are classified into one of two categories: held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. We do not purchase securities for trading purposes. At each reporting date, the appropriateness of the classification is reassessed. Investments in debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity, carried at cost, and adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts, only if management has the positive intent and ability to hold those securities to maturity. Debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and measured at fair value in the financial statements with unrealized gains and losses reported, net of tax, as accumulated comprehensive income or loss until realized. Interest earned on securities is included in total interest and dividend income. Also included in total interest and dividend income are dividends received on stock investments in the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and the FHLB of Topeka. These stock investments are stated at cost.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value by classification of available-for-sale securities as of the dates shown.

Available-For-Sale Securities

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value
(Dollars in thousands)
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ 122,843 $ 107,372 $ 123,196 $ 106,406
U.S. Treasury securities 259,455 234,698 257,690 232,158
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities 526,457 466,071 560,776 498,606
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities 179,007 151,976 190,889 163,560
Corporate 56,682 48,948 56,642 52,374
Small Business Administration loan pools 11,448 10,714 12,915 12,181
State and political subdivisions 84,883 74,969 130,311 119,105
Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,240,775 $ 1,094,748 $ 1,332,419 $ 1,184,390

Held-To-Maturity Securities

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities $ 1,101 $ 1,094 $ 1,108 $ 1,108
State and political subdivisions 1,115 1,142 840 865
Total held-to-maturity securities $ 2,216 $ 2,236 $ 1,948 $ 1,973

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not own securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government and its agencies or sponsored entities) for which aggregate par value exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders’ equity at the reporting dates noted.

The following tables summarize the contractual maturity of debt securities and their weighted average yields as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately. Available-for-sale securities are shown at fair value and held-to-maturity securities are shown at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts.

June 30, 2023
Due in one year<br>or less Due after one<br>year through<br>five years Due after five<br>years through<br>10 years Due after 10<br>years Total
Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ — — % $ 49,717 0.73 % $ 55,154 1.51 % $ 2,501 1.99 % $ 107,372 1.16 %
U.S. Treasury securities 1,403 4.78 % 233,295 1.19 % — — % — — % 234,698 1.21 %
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential<br>   mortgage-backed securities — — % 93,790 1.45 % 151,324 1.87 % 220,957 2.61 % 466,071 2.14 %
Private label residential<br>   mortgage-backed securities — — % — — % — — % 151,976 2.18 % 151,976 2.18 %
Corporate — — % 7,859 7.18 % 41,089 4.65 % — — % 48,948 5.05 %
Small Business<br>   Administration loan pools — — % — — % 7,209 4.75 % 3,505 1.86 % 10,714 3.80 %
State and political subdivisions(1) 3,591 2.04 % 8,909 2.38 % 26,199 2.06 % 36,270 2.28 % 74,969 2.20 %
Total available-for-sale securities 4,994 2.81 % 393,570 1.34 % 280,975 2.30 % 415,209 2.41 % 1,094,748 2.00 %
Held-to-maturity securities:
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential<br>   mortgage-backed securities — — % — — % — — % 1,101 4.92 % 1,101 4.92 %
State and political subdivisions(1) — — % — — % — — % 1,115 4.62 % 1,115 4.62 %
Total held-to-maturity securities — — % — — % — — % 2,216 4.77 % 2,216 4.77 %
Total debt securities $ 4,994 2.81 % $ 393,570 1.34 % $ 280,975 2.30 % $ 417,425 2.43 % $ 1,096,964 2.01 %

(1) The calculated yield is not presented on a tax equivalent basis.

December 31, 2022
Due in one year<br>or less Due after one<br>year through<br>five years Due after five<br>years through<br>10 years Due after 10<br>years Total
Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield Carrying<br>Value Yield
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities $ — — % $ 49,100 0.74 % $ 54,094 1.51 % $ 3,212 1.96 % $ 106,406 1.17 %
U.S. Treasury securities — — % 222,552 1.18 % 9,606 1.32 % — — % 232,158 1.19 %
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential<br>   mortgage-backed securities — — % 89,698 1.44 % 161,354 1.86 % 247,554 2.50 % 498,606 2.10 %
Private label residential<br>   mortgage-backed securities — — % — — % — — % 163,560 2.21 % 163,560 2.21 %
Corporate — — % 7,904 6.20 % 44,470 4.65 % — — % 52,374 4.88 %
Small Business<br>   Administration loan pools — — % — — % 7,676 3.53 % 4,505 1.79 % 12,181 2.89 %
State and political subdivisions(1) 4,958 2.61 % 18,601 2.42 % 42,088 2.31 % 53,458 2.50 % 119,105 2.43 %
Total available-for-sale securities 4,958 2.61 % 387,855 1.35 % 319,288 2.27 % 472,289 2.39 % 1,184,390 2.02 %
Held-to-maturity securities:
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential<br>   mortgage-backed securities — — % — — % — — % 1,108 4.96 % 1,108 4.96 %
State and political subdivisions(1) — — % — — % — — % 840 4.57 % 840 4.57 %
Total held-to-maturity securities — — % — — % — — % 1,948 4.79 % 1,948 4.79 %
Total debt securities $ 4,958 2.61 % $ 387,855 1.35 % $ 319,288 2.27 % $ 474,237 2.40 % $ 1,186,338 2.02 %

(1) The calculated yield is not presented on a tax equivalent basis.

Mortgage-backed securities are securities that have been developed by pooling a number of real estate mortgages which are principally issued by federal agencies such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac. Unlike U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities, which have a lump sum payment at maturity, mortgage-backed securities provide cash flows from regular principal and interest payments and principal prepayments throughout the lives of the securities. Premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities are amortized and accreted over the expected life of the security and may be impacted by prepayments. As such, mortgage-backed securities which are purchased at a premium will generally produce decreasing net yields as interest rates drop because homeowners tend to refinance their mortgages, resulting in prepayments and an acceleration of premium amortization. Securities purchased at a discount will reflect higher net yields in a decreasing interest rate environment, as prepayments result in an acceleration of discount accretion.

The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected lives because borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations at any time. Monthly pay downs on mortgage-backed securities cause the average lives of these securities to be much different than their stated lives. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, 60.3% and 62.1% of the residential mortgage-backed securities held by us had contractual final maturities of more than ten years, with a weighted average life of 5.2 years and 5.1 years and a modified duration of 4.4 years and 4.3 years.

Goodwill Impairment Assessment

At June 30, 2023, we performed an interim qualitative analysis and concluded there were no indications that goodwill was impaired.

Deposits

Our lending and investing activities are primarily funded by deposits. A variety of deposit accounts are offered with a wide range of interest rates and terms including demand, savings, money market, and time deposits. We rely primarily on competitive pricing policies, convenient locations, comprehensive marketing strategy, and personalized service to attract and retain these deposits.

The following table shows our composition of deposits at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Composition of Deposits

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Amount Percent<br>of Total Amount Percent<br>of Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand $ 978,968 23.1 % $ 1,097,899 25.9 %
Interest-bearing demand 1,044,957 24.7 % 1,061,264 25.0 %
Savings and money market 1,352,567 32.0 % 1,268,320 29.9 %
Time 854,458 20.2 % 814,324 19.2 %
Total deposits $ 4,230,950 100.0 % $ 4,241,807 100.0 %

Total deposits at June 30, 2023, were $4.23 billion, an decrease of $10.9 million, or 0.3%, compared to total deposits of $4.24 billion at December 31, 2022.

Equity Bank participates in the Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) service that allows the Bank to break large money market deposits into smaller amounts and place them in a network of other ICS banks to ensure FDIC insurance coverage on the entire deposit. These deposits are placed through ICS services, but are Equity Bank’s customer relationships that management views as core funding. The Bank also participates in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program. CDARS allows the bank to break large time deposits into smaller amounts and place them in a network of other CDARS banks to ensure FDIC insurance coverage on the entire deposit. Reciprocal deposits are not considered brokered deposits as long as the aggregate balance is less than the lesser of 20% of total liabilities or $5.0 billion and Equity Bank is well capitalized and well rated. All non-reciprocal deposits and reciprocal deposits in excess of regulatory limits are considered brokered deposits.

The following table lists reciprocal and brokered deposits included in total deposits categorized by type at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Interest-bearing demand
Reciprocal $ 45,886 $ 17,717
Total interest-bearing demand 45,886 17,717
Savings and money market
Reciprocal 355,573 282,705
Total savings and money market 355,573 282,705
Time
Reciprocal 27,376 11,764
Non-reciprocal brokered 199,885 251,799
Total time 227,261 263,563
Total reciprocal and brokered deposits $ 628,720 $ 563,985

The following table provides information on the maturity distribution of time deposits of $250 thousand or more as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 Change %
(Dollars in thousands)
3 months or less $ 54,205 $ 40,578 $ 13,627 33.6 %
Over 3 through 6 months 30,623 51,365 (20,742 ) (40.4 )%
Over 6 through 12 months 93,163 19,191 73,972 385.5 %
Over 12 months 46,285 34,586 11,699 33.8 %
Total Time Deposits $ 224,276 $ 145,720 $ 78,556 53.9 %

Other Borrowed Funds

We utilize borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investing activities. Short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings include federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements, FHLB advances, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings, a bank stock loan, and subordinated debt. For additional information see “NOTE 6 – BORROWINGS” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Market and public confidence in our financial strength and financial institutions in general will largely determine access to appropriate levels of liquidity. This confidence is significantly dependent on our ability to maintain sound asset quality and appropriate levels of capital reserves.

Liquidity is defined as the ability to meet anticipated customer demands for future funds under credit commitments and deposit withdrawals at a reasonable cost and on a timely basis. We measure our liquidity position by considering both on and off-balance sheet sources of and demands for funds on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis.

Liquidity risk involves the risk of being unable to fund assets with the appropriate duration and rate-based liabilities, as well as the risk of not being able to meet unexpected cash needs. Liquidity planning and management are necessary to ensure the ability to fund operations in a cost-effective manner and to meet current and future potential obligations such as loan commitments, lease obligations, and unexpected deposit outflows. In this process, we focus on both assets and liabilities, and the way they combine to provide adequate liquidity to meet our needs. Recent issues in the banking sector that stem from the failures of several banks has caused banks to increase available liquidity sources and more closely monitor deposit runoff. Prior to the quarter ending March 31, 2023, Equity Bank pledged additional investments to the Federal Reserve Bank and borrowed $140 million under the Bank Term Funding Program as a precaution; however, the Company did not experience the same level of deposit runoff which, the Company believes, is due to the difference in the types of deposits being offered, deposit concentration and ALM management practices as compared to the recent failed financial institutions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, our liquidity needs have primarily been met by core deposits, security and loan maturities, and amortizing investment and loan portfolios. Other funding sources include federal funds purchased, brokered certificates of deposit, borrowings from the FHLB, and the Federal Reserve Bank borrowings.

Our largest sources of funds are deposits, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings and FHLB borrowings and largest uses of funds are loans, securities and debt repayment. Average loans were $3.32 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of 2.76% over the December 31, 2022, average balance. Excess deposits are primarily invested in our interest-bearing deposit account with the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, investment securities, federal funds sold or other short-term liquid investments until the funds are needed to fund loan growth. Our securities portfolio has a weighted average life of 5.2 years and a modified duration of 4.5 years at June 30, 2023.

Cash and cash equivalents were $278.1 million at June 30, 2023, an increase of $173.7 million from the $104.4 million cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2022. The increase in cash and cash equivalents is driven by $69.3 million net cash provided by investing activities, $66.0 million net cash provided by financing activities as well as $38.5 million net cash provided by operating activities. The $66.0 million net change in cash provided by financing activities includes net outflows of $138.9 million for paydown of FHLB overnight borrowing offset by $100.0 million increase in FHLB term advances, $17.8 million in outflows for the repurchase of treasury stock and a net increase of $140.0 million in federal reserve bank borrowings . Cash and cash equivalents at January 1, 2023, plus liquidity provided by operating activities, pay downs, sales, and maturities of investment securities, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings and FHLB borrowings during the first six months of 2023 were used to originate or purchase loans and to purchase investment securities. We believe that our daily funding needs can be met through cash provided by operating activities, payments and maturities on loans and investment securities, the core deposit base and FHLB advances and other borrowing relationships.

Off-Balance-Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments.

Standby and Performance Letters of Credit: For additional information see “NOTE 11 – COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statement.

Commitments to Extend Credit: For additional information see “NOTE 11 – COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statement.

Capital Resources

Capital management consists of providing equity to support our current and future operations. The federal bank regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. As a financial holding company and a state-chartered-Fed-member bank, the Company and Equity Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements.

Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. Management believes as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company and Equity Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized; although, these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as are asset growth and acquisitions, and capital restoration plans are required.

Failure to meet capital guidelines could subject the institution to a variety of enforcement remedies by federal bank regulatory agencies, including termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC, restrictions on certain business activities and appointment of the FDIC as conservator or receiver. As of June 30, 2023, the most recent notifications from the federal regulatory agencies categorized

Equity Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, Equity Bank must maintain minimum Total capital, Tier 1 capital, Common Equity Tier 1 capital, and Tier 1 leverage ratios. For additional information, see “NOTE 8 – REGULATORY MATTERS” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed Equity Bank’s category.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We identify certain financial measures discussed in this Quarterly Report as being “non-GAAP financial measures.” In accordance with SEC’s rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in our statements of income, balance sheet or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios, or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures or both.

The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Quarterly Report should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the way we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Quarterly Report may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. You should understand how such other banking organizations calculate their financial measures similar to, or with names like, the non-GAAP financial measures we have discussed in this Quarterly Report when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share and Tangible Book Value Per Diluted Common Share: Tangible book value is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate: (a) tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); (b) tangible book value per common share as tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)) divided by shares of common stock outstanding; and (c) tangible book value per diluted common share as tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)) divided by diluted shares of common stock outstanding. For tangible book value, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is book value.

Management believes that these measures are important to many investors who are interested in changes from period to period in book value per common share exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing total book value while not increasing our tangible book value.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity, tangible book value per common share, and tangible book value per diluted common share and compares these values with book value per common share.

As of the period ended
June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 September 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Total stockholders’ equity $ 418,435 $ 425,123 $ 410,058 $ 395,806 $ 428,115
Less: goodwill 53,101 53,101 53,101 53,101 53,101
Less: core deposit intangibles, net 8,760 9,678 10,596 11,598 12,554
Less: mortgage servicing asset, net 126 151 176 201 226
Less: naming rights, net 1,022 1,033 1,044 1,054 1,065
Tangible common equity $ 355,426 $ 361,160 $ 345,141 $ 329,852 $ 361,169
Common shares issued at period end 15,396,739 15,730,257 15,930,112 16,017,834 16,106,818
Diluted common shares outstanding at period end 15,468,319 15,822,536 16,163,253 16,225,591 16,289,635
Book value per common share $ 27.18 $ 27.03 $ 25.74 $ 24.71 $ 26.58
Tangible book value per common share $ 23.08 $ 22.96 $ 21.67 $ 20.59 $ 22.42
Tangible book value per diluted common share $ 22.98 $ 22.83 $ 21.35 $ 20.33 $ 22.17

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets: Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate (a) tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); (b) tangible assets as total assets less goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated

amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); and (c) tangible common equity to tangible assets as tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)) divided by tangible assets (as described in clause (b)). For tangible common equity to tangible assets, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is total stockholders’ equity to total assets.

Management believes that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in the relative changes from period to period in common equity and total assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing both total stockholders’ equity and total assets while not increasing tangible common equity or tangible assets.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets.

As of the period ended
June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 September 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Total stockholders’ equity $ 418,435 $ 425,123 $ 410,058 $ 395,806 $ 428,115
Less: goodwill 53,101 53,101 53,101 53,101 53,101
Less: core deposit intangibles, net 8,760 9,678 10,596 11,598 12,554
Less: mortgage servicing asset, net 126 151 176 201 226
Less: naming rights, net 1,022 1,033 1,044 1,054 1,065
Tangible common equity $ 355,426 $ 361,160 $ 345,141 $ 329,852 $ 361,169
Total assets $ 5,094,883 $ 5,156,716 $ 4,981,651 $ 5,000,415 $ 5,002,156
Less: goodwill 53,101 53,101 53,101 53,101 53,101
Less: core deposit intangibles, net 8,760 9,678 10,596 11,598 12,554
Less: mortgage servicing asset, net 126 151 176 201 226
Less: naming rights, net 1,022 1,033 1,044 1,054 1,065
Tangible assets $ 5,031,874 $ 5,092,753 $ 4,916,734 $ 4,934,461 $ 4,935,210
Equity to assets 8.21 % 8.24 % 8.23 % 7.92 % 8.56 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 7.06 % 7.09 % 7.02 % 6.68 % 7.32 %

Return on Average Tangible Common Equity: Return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate (a) average tangible common equity as total average stockholders’ equity less average goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); (b) adjusted net income allocable to common stockholders as net income allocable to common stockholders plus intangible asset amortization (net of taxes); and (c) return on average tangible common equity as annualized adjusted net income allocable to common stockholders (as described in clause (b)) divided by average tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)). For return on average tangible common equity, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is return on average equity.

Management believes that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in earnings quality on tangible common equity. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing total stockholders’ equity while not increasing tangible common equity.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, return on average stockholders’ equity and return on average tangible common equity.

For the three months ended
June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 September 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Total average stockholders’ equity $ 424,862 $ 420,500 $ 398,270 $ 436,191 $ 437,483
Less: average intangible assets 63,453 64,447 65,450 66,445 68,978
Average tangible common equity $ 361,409 $ 356,053 $ 332,820 $ 369,746 $ 368,505
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders $ 11,456 $ 12,323 $ 11,608 $ 15,171 $ 15,259
Amortization of intangible assets 954 954 961 992 1,148
Less: tax effect 200 200 202 208 241
Adjusted net income allocable to common<br>   stockholders $ 12,210 $ 13,077 $ 12,367 $ 15,955 $ 16,166
Return on total average stockholders’ equity<br>   (ROAE) annualized 10.82 % 11.89 % 11.57 % 13.80 % 13.99 %
Return on average tangible common equity<br>   (ROATCE) annualized 13.55 % 14.89 % 14.74 % 17.12 % 17.60 %

Efficiency Ratio: The efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate the efficiency ratio by dividing non-interest expense, excluding merger expenses, by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, excluding net gain on acquisition and branch sales, and net gain (loss) from securities transactions. The GAAP-based efficiency ratio is non-interest expense divided by net interest income plus non-interest income.

In management’s judgement, the adjustments made to non-interest expense and non-interest income allow investors and analysts to better assess operating expenses in relation to operating revenue by removing merger expenses, net gain (loss) from securities transactions, and net gain in acquisition and branch sales.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, the efficiency ratio to the GAAP-based efficiency ratio.

For the three months ended
June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 September 30,<br>2022 June 30,<br>2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-interest expense $ 33,130 $ 33,229 $ 35,249 $ 32,236 $ 31,436
Less: merger expense — — 68 115 88
Non-interest expense, excluding loss on <br>   debt extinguishment and merger expense $ 33,130 $ 33,229 $ 35,181 $ 32,121 $ 31,348
Net interest income $ 39,429 $ 39,110 $ 42,031 $ 41,944 $ 39,566
Non-interest income $ 6,950 $ 8,600 $ 8,329 $ 8,969 $ 9,637
Less: net gain on acquisition and branch sales — — 422 — 540
Less: net gain (loss) from securities transactions (1,322 ) 32 14 (17 ) (32 )
Non-interest income, excluding net gain (loss) from<br>   securities transactions and net gain on acquisition and branch sales $ 8,272 $ 8,568 $ 7,893 $ 8,986 $ 9,129
Net interest income plus non-interest income,<br>   excluding net gain on acquisition and branch sales and net gain<br>   (loss) from securities transactions $ 47,701 $ 47,678 $ 49,924 $ 50,930 $ 48,695
Non-interest expense to net interest income<br>   plus non-interest income 71.43 % 69.65 % 69.99 % 63.32 % 63.89 %
Efficiency Ratio 69.45 % 69.69 % 70.47 % 63.07 % 64.38 %

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our asset-liability policy provides guidelines for effective funds management and management has established a measurement system for monitoring net interest rate sensitivity position within established guidelines.

As a financial institution, the primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most assets and liabilities and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short-term maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic gains or losses due to future interest rate changes. These changes can be reflected in future net interest income and/or fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income (“NII”) and economic value of equity (“EVE”) and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.

We manage interest rate exposure by structuring the balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We have the ability to enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial futures contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. Currently, we do not have a material exposure to these instruments. We also have the ability to enter into interest rate swaps as an accommodation to our customers in connection with an interest rate swap program. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”), which is composed of certain members of senior management, in accordance with policies approved by the Board of Directors. ALCO formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, ALCO considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. ALCO meets monthly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, securities purchased and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investment securities and borrowings. Additionally, the ALCO reviews liquidity, projected cash flows, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity.

ALCO uses a simulation analysis to monitor and manage the pricing and maturity of assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in interest rates could have on net interest income. The simulation tests the sensitivity of NII and EVE. Contractual maturities and repricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the simulation model as are prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment securities portfolio. Assumptions based on past experience are incorporated into the model for non-maturity deposit accounts. All assumptions are as of the base period without consideration of preceding market rate changes and any lag in impact to NII. The depicted expectations are management's estimate exclusive of any non-contractual lagging impacts that have not yet been realized in income from preceding changes to interest rates. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure the future NII and EVE. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

The change in the impact of net interest income from the base case for June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was primarily driven by the rate and mix of variable and fixed rate financial instruments, the underlying duration of the financial instruments and the level of response to changes in the interest rate environment.

The increase in the level of positive impact to net interest income in the up interest rate shock scenarios is due to the level of adjustable rate loans receivable that will reprice to higher interest rates, non-term deposits that will adjust to higher rates but at a slower pace, the use of derivatives to hedge borrowing costs, and elevated levels of cash on the balance sheet compared to the previous quarter. These factors result in the positive impacts to net interest income in the up interest rate shock scenarios that are detailed in the table below. In the down interest rate shock scenario, the main drivers of the negative impact on net interest income are the downward pricing of variable rate loans receivable and the level of term deposit repricing; and the assumed prepayment and scheduled repayment of existing fixed rate loans receivable and fixed rate investments. Term deposits repricing will only decrease the average cost paid by some amount due to the assumed repricing occurring at maturity. These factors result in the negative impact to net interest income in the down interest rate shock scenario.

The change in the economic value of equity from the base case for June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is due to being in a liability sensitive position and the level of convexity in our pre-payable assets. Generally, with a liability sensitive position, as interest rates increase, the value of your assets decrease faster than the value of liabilities and, as interest rates decrease, the value of your assets increase at a faster rate than liabilities. Due to the level of convexity in our fixed rate pre-payable assets, we do not experience a similar change in the value of assets in a down interest rate shock scenario; however, due to the current level of convexity in our

fixed rate pre-payable assets becoming less negative and positive, in some cases, on a portion of or portfolio has resulted in the overall value of assets increasing more than liabilities. In addition, the mix of interest-bearing deposit and non-interest-bearing deposits impact the level of deposit decay and the resulting benefit of discounting from the non-interest-bearing deposits. At June 30, 2023, non-interest-bearing deposits were approximately $118.9 million, or 10.83%, lower than that deposit type at December 31, 2022. Substantially all investments and approximately 42.5% of loans are prepayable and fixed rate and as rates decrease the level of modeled prepayments increase. The prepaid principal is assumed to reprice at the assumed current rates, resulting in a smaller positive impact to the economic value of equity.

Management utilizes static balance sheet rate shocks to estimate the potential impact on various rate scenarios. This analysis estimates a percentage of change in the metric from the stable rate base scenario versus alternative scenarios of rising and falling market interest rates by instantaneously shocking a static balance sheet. The following table summarizes the simulated immediate change in net interest income for twelve months as of the dates indicated.

Market Risk

Impact on Net Interest Income
Change in prevailing interest rates June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
+300 basis points 8.2 % 5.0 %
+200 basis points 5.4 % 3.3 %
+100 basis points 2.7 % 1.6 %
0 basis points — —
-100 basis points (2.0 )% (2.3 )%
-200 basis points (4.0 )% (6.0 )%

The following table summarizes the simulated immediate impact on economic value of equity as of the dates indicated.

Impact on Economic Value<br>of Equity
Change in prevailing interest rates June 30,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
+300 basis points (9.7 )% (10.7 )%
+200 basis points (5.9 )% (6.6 )%
+100 basis points (3.1 )% (3.3 )%
0 basis points — —
-100 basis points 1.1 % 0.7 %
-200 basis points 0.8 % (0.5 )%

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management was required to apply judgement in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC rules and forms.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. See “NOTE 12 – LEGAL MATTERS” of the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 1 to this Quarterly report for a complete discussion of litigation matters.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

Other than the risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023.

Recent negative developments affecting the banking industry, and resulting media coverage, have eroded customer confidence in the banking system.

The recent high-profile bank failures involving Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank have generated significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies and, in particular, regional banks like Equity Bank. These market developments have negatively impacted customer confidence in the safety and soundness of regional banks. As a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact Equity Bank's liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations. While the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the FDIC have made statements ensuring that depositors of these recently failed banks would have access to their deposits, including uninsured deposit accounts, there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful in restoring customer confidence in regional banks and the banking system more broadly.

Any regulatory examination scrutiny or new regulatory requirements arising from the recent events in the banking industry could increase the Company’s expenses and affect the Company’s operations.

The Company and Equity Bank anticipate increased regulatory scrutiny and new regulations directed towards banks of similar size to the Bank, designed to address the recent negative developments in the banking industry, all of which may increase the Company’s costs of doing business and reduce its profitability. Among other things, there may be an increased focus by both regulators and investors on deposit composition and the level of uninsured deposits. As a result, the Bank could face increased scrutiny or be viewed as higher risk by regulators and the investor community. Equity Bank's level of uninsured deposits as a percentage of non-brokered deposits was 25.5% at June 30, 2023 and 25.3% at December 31, 2022.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchase of Common Stock

In September of 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock, from time to time, beginning October 29, 2021, and concluding October 28, 2022. The repurchase program did not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares and it may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Under this program, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company repurchased a total of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $32.11 per share.

In September of 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock, from time to time, beginning October 1, 2022, and concluding on September 30, 2023. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares and it could be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Under this program, during the years ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased a total of 163,727 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $33.33 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 669,166 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $26.55 per share. At June 30, 2023, there are 167,107 shares remaining available for repurchase under the program.

The following table presents shares that have been repurchased under the program during the second quarter of 2023.

Date Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 1, 2023 through April 30, 2023 249,296 $ 24.11 249,296 266,927
May 1, 2023 through May 31, 2023 99,820 $ 21.68 99,820 167,107
June 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023 — $ — — 167,107
Total 349,116 $ 23.42 349,116 167,107

Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.6

Item 5: Other Information

Item 6: Exhibits

Exhibit<br><br>No. Description
31.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2** Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** These exhibits are furnished herewith and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

† Represents a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Equity Bancshares, Inc.
August 9, 2023 By: /s/ Brad S. Elliott
Date Brad S. Elliott
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
August 9, 2023 By: /s/ Eric R. Newell
Date Eric R. Newell
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Brad S. Elliott, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Equity Bancshares, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

August 9, 2023

/s/ Brad S. Elliott
Brad S. Elliott
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Eric R. Newell, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Equity Bancshares, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

August 9, 2023

/s/ Eric R. Newell
Eric R. Newell
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this report of Equity Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Brad S. Elliott, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.
August 9, 2023 /s/ Brad S. Elliott
Brad S. Elliott
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this report of Equity Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Eric R. Newell, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.
August 9, 2023 /s/ Eric R. Newell
Eric R. Newell
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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