8-K
General Motors Co (GM)
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________
FORM 8-K
___________________
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 27, 2026
___________________
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________
| Delaware | 001-34960 | 27-0756180 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | 1240 Woodward Avenue | Detroit, | Michigan | 48265 | ||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(313) 667-1500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
300 Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan 48265
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
__________________
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
|---|---|
| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
|---|---|---|
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value | GM | New York Stock Exchange |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter). Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
ITEM 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition
On January 27, 2026, General Motors Company (GM) issued a news release and supplemental materials on the subject of its 2025 fourth quarter and full year consolidated earnings. The news release and supplemental materials are attached as Exhibit 99.1.
Charts furnished to securities analysts in connection with GM's 2025 fourth quarter and full year consolidated earnings release are available on GM's website at www.gm.com/investors/earnings-releases.html.
The information in this Item 2.02 and Exhibit 99.1 shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in that filing.
ITEM 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits
EXHIBIT
| Exhibit | Description |
|---|---|
| Exhibit 99.1 | News Release and Financial Highlights Dated January 27, 2026 |
| Exhibit 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY (Registrant) | ||
|---|---|---|
| By: | /s/ CHRISTOPHER T. HATTO | |
| Date: January 27, 2026 | Christopher T. Hatto, Vice President, Global Business Solutions and Chief Accounting Officer |
Document
Exhibit 99.1
News
For Release: Tuesday, January 27, 2026, at 6:30 a.m. ET
GM releases 2025 financial results and 2026 guidance; Board declares dividend at 20% higher quarterly rate, and approves new $6.0 billion share repurchase authorization
DETROIT – General Motors (NYSE: GM) today reported full-year 2025 net income attributable to stockholders of $2.7 billion and EBIT-adjusted of $12.7 billion. Fourth-quarter 2025 net income attributable to stockholders was a loss of $3.3 billion and EBIT-adjusted was $2.8 billion.
Fourth-quarter net income was reduced by more than $7.2 billion in special charges driven primarily by a realignment of electric vehicle capacity and investments to adjust to expected declines in consumer demand for EVs, and in response to U.S. Government policy changes including the termination of consumer incentives and the reduction in the stringency of emissions regulations.
The chart below summarizes GM's 2025 financial guidance and 2025 results, as well as the company's 2026 guidance, which is for a year of strong financial performance.
| Final 2025 Guidance | 2025 Results | 2026 Guidance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net income attributable to stockholders | $7.7 billion - $8.3 billion | $2.7 billion | $10.3 billion - $11.7 billion |
| EBIT-adjusted | $12.0 billion - $13.0 billion | $12.7 billion | $13.0 billion - $15.0 billion |
| Automotive operating cash flow | $19.2 billion - $21.2 billion | $18.7 billion | $19.0 billion - $23.0 billion |
| Adjusted automotive free cash flow | $10.0 billion - $11.0 billion | $10.6 billion | $9.0 billion - $11.0 billion |
| EPS-diluted | $8.30 - $9.05 | $3.27 | $11.00 - $13.00 |
| EPS-diluted-adjusted | $9.75 - $10.50 | $10.60 | $11.00 - $13.00 |
GM's 2026 financial guidance also includes anticipated capital spending of $10.0 billion - $12.0 billion, inclusive of the company's battery cell manufacturing joint ventures.
Higher quarterly dividend rate and share repurchase authorization GM announced today that its Board of Directors has approved a $0.03 per share increase in the quarterly common stock dividend rate to $0.18 per share. GM declared a quarterly cash dividend on the company’s outstanding common stock at the new rate of $0.18 per share, payable March 19, 2026 to holders of common stock at the close of trading on March 6, 2026.
The company also announced that its Board has approved a new $6.0 billion share repurchase authorization.
“For several years now, GM’s strong brands and winning vehicles, as well as our technology-driven services and operating discipline, have delivered consistently strong cash generation. This has allowed us to execute all phases of our capital allocation strategy, from investing in the business and our people, to maintaining a strong balance sheet and returning capital to shareholders,” said Mary Barra, Chair and CEO. “We believe that formula is sustainable, which is why we’re increasing our dividend and planning future share repurchases.”
The share repurchase program, which has no expiration date, will be executed in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations and may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the company's discretion.
As of December 31, 2025, the company had 904 million shares outstanding, down from 995 million at the end of 2024, and 1.2 billion at the end of 2023.
An overview of quarterly and yearly results and financial highlights appears below. Visit the GM Investor Relations website to download the company's earnings deck and GM Chair and CEO Mary Barra's Letter to Shareholders.
Conference call for investors and analysts
Mary Barra and GM Chief Financial Officer Paul Jacobson will host a conference call for the investment community at 8:30 a.m. ET today to discuss these results.
Conference call details are as follows:
•1-800-857-9821 (U.S.)
•1-517-308-9481 (international/caller-paid)
•Conference call passcode: General Motors
•An audio replay will be available on the GM Investor Relations website in the Events section.
Results Overview
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $M except per share amounts | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||
| Revenue | $ | 45,287 | $ | 47,702 | $ | (2,415) | (5.1) | % | ||
| Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | $ | (3,310) | $ | (2,961) | $ | (349) | (11.8) | % | ||
| EBIT-adjusted | $ | 2,843 | $ | 2,509 | $ | 334 | 13.3 | % | ||
| Net income margin | (7.3) | % | (6.2) | % | (1.1) ppts | (17.7) | % | |||
| EBIT-adjusted margin | 6.3 | % | 5.3 | % | 1.0 ppts | 18.9 | % | |||
| Automotive operating cash flow | $ | 5,606 | $ | 4,765 | $ | 841 | 17.6 | % | ||
| Adjusted automotive free cash flow | $ | 2,755 | $ | 1,823 | $ | 933 | 51.2 | % | ||
| EPS-diluted(a) | $ | (3.60) | $ | (1.64) | $ | (1.96) | n.m. | |||
| EPS-diluted-adjusted | $ | 2.51 | $ | 1.92 | $ | 0.58 | 30.4 | % | ||
| GMNA EBIT-adjusted | $ | 2,244 | $ | 2,274 | $ | (30) | (1.3) | % | ||
| GMNA EBIT-adjusted margin | 6.1 | % | 5.8 | % | 0.3 ppts | 5.2 | % | |||
| GMI EBIT-adjusted | $ | 278 | $ | 221 | $ | 56 | 25.4 | % | ||
| China equity income (loss) | $ | (513) | $ | (4,060) | $ | 3,547 | 87.4 | % | ||
| GM Financial EBT-adjusted | $ | 609 | $ | 719 | $ | (109) | (15.2) | % |
__________
(a)n.m. = not meaningful
| Years Ended | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $M except per share amounts | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||
| Revenue | $ | 185,019 | $ | 187,442 | $ | (2,422) | (1.3) | % | ||
| Net income attributable to stockholders | $ | 2,697 | $ | 6,008 | $ | (3,311) | (55.1) | % | ||
| EBIT-adjusted | $ | 12,747 | $ | 14,934 | $ | (2,187) | (14.6) | % | ||
| Net income margin | 1.5 | % | 3.2 | % | (1.7) ppts | (53.1) | % | |||
| EBIT-adjusted margin | 6.9 | % | 8.0 | % | (1.1) ppts | (13.8) | % | |||
| Automotive operating cash flow | $ | 18,733 | $ | 23,939 | $ | (5,206) | (21.7) | % | ||
| Adjusted automotive free cash flow | $ | 10,595 | $ | 14,045 | $ | (3,450) | (24.6) | % | ||
| EPS-diluted | $ | 3.27 | $ | 6.37 | $ | (3.10) | (48.7) | % | ||
| EPS-diluted-adjusted | $ | 10.60 | $ | 10.60 | $ | — | — | % | ||
| GMNA EBIT-adjusted | $ | 10,452 | $ | 14,528 | $ | (4,077) | (28.1) | % | ||
| GMNA EBIT-adjusted margin | 6.8 | % | 9.2 | % | (2.4) ppts | (26.1) | % | |||
| GMI EBIT-adjusted(a) | $ | 737 | $ | 303 | $ | 434 | n.m. | |||
| China equity income (loss) | $ | (316) | $ | (4,407) | $ | 4,091 | 92.8 | % | ||
| GM Financial EBT-adjusted | $ | 2,802 | $ | 2,965 | $ | (163) | (5.5) | % |
__________
(a)n.m. = not meaningful
General Motors (NYSE:GM) is driving the future of transportation, leveraging advanced technology to build safer, smarter, and lower emission cars, trucks, and SUVs. GM’s Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC brands offer a broad portfolio of innovative gasoline-powered vehicles and the industry’s widest range of EVs, as we move to an all-electric future. Learn more at GM.com.
| CONTACTS: | |
|---|---|
| Jim Cain<br><br>GM Communications<br><br>313-407-2843<br><br>james.cain@chevrolet.com | Ashish Kohli, CFA<br><br>GM Investor Relations<br><br>847-964-3459<br><br>ashish.kohli@gm.com |
| David Caldwell<br><br>GM Communications<br><br>586-899-7861<br><br>david.caldwell@gm.com |
Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements: This press release and related comments by management may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact and represent our current judgment about possible future events. In making these statements, we rely upon assumptions and analysis based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, and expected future developments, as well as other factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. We believe these judgments are reasonable, but these statements are not guarantees of any future events or financial results, and our actual results may differ materially due to a variety of factors, many of which are described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or other factors that affect the subject of these statements, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.
Final 2025 Guidance Reconciliations
The following table reconciles expected Net income attributable to stockholders to expected EBIT-adjusted (dollars in billions):
| Year Ending <br>December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|
| Net income attributable to stockholders | $ 7.7-8.3 |
| Income tax expense | 1.8-2.2 |
| Automotive interest income, net | (0.1) |
| Adjustments(a) | 2.6 |
| EBIT-adjusted | $ 12.0-13.0 |
The following table reconciles expected automotive net cash provided by operating activities to expected adjusted automotive free cash flow (dollars in billions):
| Year Ending <br>December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|
| Net automotive cash provided by operating activities | $ 19.2-21.2 |
| Less: Capital expenditures | 10.0-11.0 |
| Adjustments(a) | 0.8 |
| Adjusted automotive free cash flow | $ 10.0-11.0 |
The following table reconciles expected EPS-diluted to expected EPS-diluted-adjusted:
| Year Ending <br>December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ 8.30-9.05 |
| Adjustments(a) | 1.45 |
| EPS-diluted-adjusted | $ 9.75-10.50 |
__________
(a)Adjustments as of September 30, 2025. See our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 for full details. We do not consider the potential future impact of adjustments on our expected financial results.
2026 Guidance Reconciliations
The following table reconciles expected Net income attributable to stockholders to expected EBIT-adjusted (dollars in billions):
| Year Ending <br>December 31, 2026 | |
|---|---|
| Net income attributable to stockholders | $ 10.3-11.7 |
| Income tax expense | 2.6-3.2 |
| Automotive interest expense, net | 0.1 |
| EBIT-adjusted(a) | $ 13.0-15.0 |
The following table reconciles expected automotive net cash provided by operating activities to expected adjusted automotive free cash flow (dollars in billions):
| Year Ending <br>December 31, 2026 | |
|---|---|
| Net automotive cash provided by operating activities | $ 19.0-23.0 |
| Less: Capital expenditures | 10.0-12.0 |
| Adjusted automotive free cash flow(a) | $ 9.0-11.0 |
__________
(a)We do not consider the potential future impact of adjustments on our expected financial results.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries1
Combining Income Statement Information
(In millions) (Unaudited)
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | Cruise | GM Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Combined | Automotive | Cruise | GM Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Combined | |||||||||||
| Net sales and revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive | $ | 167,970 | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 167,971 | $ | 171,605 | $ | 257 | $ | — | $ | (256) | $ | 171,606 |
| GM Financial | — | — | 17,060 | (12) | 17,048 | — | — | 15,875 | (40) | 15,836 | ||||||||||
| Total net sales and revenue | 167,970 | 1 | 17,060 | (12) | 185,019 | 171,605 | 257 | 15,875 | (296) | 187,442 | ||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive and other cost of sales | 158,968 | 163 | — | (3) | 159,128 | 148,501 | 2,566 | — | (3) | 151,065 | ||||||||||
| GM Financial interest, operating, and other expenses | — | — | 14,296 | (1) | 14,295 | — | — | 12,974 | (1) | 12,972 | ||||||||||
| Automotive and other selling, general, and administrative expense | 8,580 | 111 | — | (4) | 8,687 | 9,898 | 727 | — | (4) | 10,621 | ||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 167,548 | 274 | 14,296 | (8) | 182,110 | 158,399 | 3,293 | 12,974 | (8) | 174,658 | ||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 422 | (273) | 2,764 | (4) | 2,909 | 13,206 | (3,036) | 2,902 | (288) | 12,784 | ||||||||||
| Automotive interest expense | 724 | 30 | — | (27) | 727 | 845 | 189 | — | (189) | 846 | ||||||||||
| Interest income and other non-operating income, net | 1,557 | 2 | (1) | (23) | 1,535 | 1,124 | 35 | (1) | 99 | 1,257 | ||||||||||
| Equity income (loss) | (639) | — | 39 | — | (600) | (4,419) | — | (256) | — | (4,675) | ||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 617 | (301) | 2,802 | — | 3,117 | 9,065 | (3,191) | 2,645 | — | 8,519 | ||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 338 | 2,556 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 2,780 | 5,963 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (83) | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | $ | 2,697 | $ | 6,008 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 3,180 | $ | 7,189 |
__________
1 Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries1
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes basic and diluted earnings per share (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||
| Basic earnings per share | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | $ | (3,310) | $ | (2,961) | $ | 2,697 | $ | 6,008 |
| Adjustments(a) | (20) | 1,236 | 483 | 1,181 | ||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (3,330) | $ | (1,725) | $ | 3,180 | $ | 7,189 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 925 | 1,055 | 955 | 1,115 | ||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | (3.60) | $ | (1.64) | $ | 3.33 | $ | 6.45 |
| Diluted earnings per share | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted | $ | (3,330) | $ | (1,725) | $ | 3,180 | $ | 7,189 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted | 925 | 1,055 | 973 | 1,129 | ||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | (3.60) | $ | (1.64) | $ | 3.27 | $ | 6.37 |
| Potentially dilutive securities(b) | 30 | 36 | — | — |
__________
(a)Includes returns from preferred shareholders related to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares from noncontrolling interest holders of $593 million in the year ended December 31, 2025 and $1.2 billion in the three months and year ended December 31, 2024.
(b)Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and performance stock units at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries1
Combining Balance Sheet Information
(In millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | Cruise | GM Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Combined | Automotive | Cruise | GM Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Combined | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 15,062 | $ | 56 | $ | 5,826 | $ | — | $ | 20,945 | $ | 14,470 | $ | 308 | $ | 5,094 | $ | — | $ | 19,872 |
| Marketable debt securities | 6,685 | — | 39 | — | 6,724 | 7,265 | — | — | — | 7,265 | ||||||||||
| Accounts and notes receivable, net(a) | 12,199 | 76 | 1,506 | (727) | 13,054 | 11,498 | 22 | 1,988 | (681) | 12,827 | ||||||||||
| GM Financial receivables, net(d) | — | — | 45,661 | (395) | 45,266 | — | — | 46,760 | (398) | 46,362 | ||||||||||
| Inventories | 14,472 | — | — | (5) | 14,467 | 14,569 | — | — | (5) | 14,564 | ||||||||||
| Other current assets | 3,167 | 9 | 5,130 | 6 | 8,312 | 2,816 | 38 | 4,799 | 2 | 7,655 | ||||||||||
| Total current assets | 51,585 | 141 | 58,162 | (1,120) | 108,767 | 50,618 | 369 | 58,640 | (1,082) | 108,545 | ||||||||||
| Non-current Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| GM Financial receivables, net(c) | — | — | 44,384 | — | 44,384 | — | — | 46,750 | (276) | 46,474 | ||||||||||
| Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates | 4,564 | — | 1,117 | — | 5,681 | 5,896 | — | 1,206 | — | 7,102 | ||||||||||
| Property, net | 51,458 | 99 | 126 | — | 51,683 | 51,729 | 69 | 107 | — | 51,904 | ||||||||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets, net | 3,018 | — | 1,348 | — | 4,366 | 2,642 | 570 | 1,339 | — | 4,551 | ||||||||||
| Equipment on operating leases, net | — | — | 33,686 | — | 33,686 | — | — | 31,586 | — | 31,586 | ||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 24,446 | — | (1,486) | — | 22,960 | 21,149 | 1,899 | (1,795) | — | 21,254 | ||||||||||
| Other assets(b) | 8,226 | 47 | 1,483 | — | 9,756 | 9,340 | 41 | 1,323 | (2,359) | 8,346 | ||||||||||
| Total non-current assets | 91,712 | 147 | 80,658 | — | 172,517 | 90,756 | 2,579 | 80,516 | (2,635) | 171,216 | ||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 143,297 | $ | 288 | $ | 138,820 | $ | (1,120) | $ | 281,284 | $ | 141,374 | $ | 2,948 | $ | 139,156 | $ | (3,717) | $ | 279,761 |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable (principally trade)(a) | $ | 24,075 | $ | 1 | $ | 491 | $ | (649) | $ | 23,919 | $ | 25,446 | $ | 200 | $ | 714 | $ | (681) | $ | 25,680 |
| Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive(a)(d) | 1,120 | 7 | — | (471) | 656 | 2,413 | 7 | — | (279) | 2,141 | ||||||||||
| GM Financial | — | — | 35,012 | — | 35,012 | — | — | 37,291 | — | 37,291 | ||||||||||
| Cruise(d) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 119 | — | (119) | — | ||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 28,956 | 54 | 4,744 | — | 33,754 | 24,949 | 548 | 5,661 | (4) | 31,154 | ||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 54,151 | 63 | 40,248 | (1,120) | 93,342 | 52,808 | 874 | 43,666 | (1,082) | 96,265 | ||||||||||
| Non-current Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive(b) | 15,522 | 70 | — | — | 15,591 | 13,288 | 2,397 | — | (2,359) | 13,327 | ||||||||||
| GM Financial | — | — | 79,018 | — | 79,018 | — | — | 76,973 | — | 76,973 | ||||||||||
| Cruise(c) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 276 | — | (276) | — | ||||||||||
| Postretirement benefits other than pensions | 4,025 | — | — | — | 4,025 | 3,990 | — | — | — | 3,990 | ||||||||||
| Pensions | 4,977 | — | 11 | — | 4,988 | 5,772 | — | 7 | — | 5,779 | ||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 17,495 | 281 | 3,375 | — | 21,151 | 14,635 | 297 | 2,904 | — | 17,836 | ||||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | 42,019 | 351 | 82,404 | — | 124,775 | 37,686 | 2,970 | 79,885 | (2,635) | 117,906 | ||||||||||
| Total Liabilities | 96,170 | 414 | 122,652 | (1,120) | 218,116 | 90,494 | 3,844 | 123,551 | (3,717) | 214,171 | ||||||||||
| Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value | 9 | — | — | — | 9 | 10 | — | — | — | 10 | ||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital(e) | 18,086 | 1,842 | 1,077 | (1,076) | 19,928 | 19,632 | 1,187 | 1,196 | (1,172) | 20,843 | ||||||||||
| Retained earnings | 37,024 | (1,968) | 16,467 | 1 | 51,524 | 40,203 | (2,647) | 15,916 | 1 | 53,472 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (8,966) | — | (1,377) | — | (10,343) | (9,744) | (3) | (1,506) | — | (11,253) | ||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 46,153 | (126) | 16,167 | (1,075) | 61,119 | 50,100 | (1,464) | 15,606 | (1,170) | 63,072 | ||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests(e) | 974 | — | — | 1,075 | 2,049 | 780 | 568 | — | 1,170 | 2,518 | ||||||||||
| Total Equity | 47,127 | (126) | 16,167 | — | 63,168 | 50,880 | (896) | 15,606 | — | 65,590 | ||||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 143,297 | $ | 288 | $ | 138,820 | $ | (1,120) | $ | 281,284 | $ | 141,374 | $ | 2,948 | $ | 139,156 | $ | (3,717) | $ | 279,761 |
__________
(a)Eliminations primarily include GM Financial accounts and notes receivable of $0.5 billion due from Automotive; and Automotive accounts receivable of $0.1 billion primarily due from GM Financial at December 31, 2025; and GM Financial accounts and notes receivable of $0.5 billion due from Automotive and Automotive accounts receivable of $0.2 billion due from GM Financial and Cruise at December 31, 2024.
(b)Eliminations primarily related to convertible note issued by Cruise to Automotive at December 31, 2024 and deferral agreement between Cruise and Automotive as regards to engineering, capital spending, restructuring, and other costs incurred by Automotive on behalf of Cruise resulting in a long-term payable for Cruise offset by a long-term receivable for Automotive.
(c)Eliminations primarily related to intercompany loans due from Cruise to GM Financial.
(d)Eliminations primarily related to GM Financial accounts receivables due from Automotive and Cruise.
(e)Primarily reclassification of GM Financial Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, B and C. The preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated balance sheets.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries1
Combining Cash Flow Information
(In millions) (Unaudited)
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | Cruise | GM Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Combined | Automotive | Cruise | GM Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Combined | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 1,081 | $ | (302) | $ | 2,000 | $ | — | $ | 2,780 | $ | 6,637 | $ | (2,535) | $ | 1,862 | $ | — | $ | 5,963 |
| Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net | — | — | 4,942 | — | 4,942 | — | — | 4,844 | — | 4,844 | ||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges on Property, net | 9,584 | 29 | 34 | — | 9,646 | 6,549 | 958 | 38 | — | 7,545 | ||||||||||
| Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction (gains) losses | 353 | — | 10 | — | 363 | (314) | — | (7) | — | (321) | ||||||||||
| Undistributed earnings and impairment of nonconsolidated affiliates, net | 1,662 | — | 123 | — | 1,785 | 3,708 | — | 411 | — | 4,118 | ||||||||||
| Pension contributions and OPEB payments | (537) | — | (1) | — | (539) | (1,517) | — | — | — | (1,518) | ||||||||||
| Pension and OPEB (income) expense, net | 27 | — | 2 | — | 29 | 88 | — | 2 | — | 89 | ||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for deferred taxes | (1,715) | — | 466 | — | (1,249) | 966 | (656) | 1,059 | — | 1,368 | ||||||||||
| Change in other operating assets and liabilities(a) | 5,748 | (557) | 1,243 | 2,623 | 9,056 | 4,978 | 693 | (896) | (6,304) | (1,529) | ||||||||||
| Other operating activities(c) | 2,532 | (144) | (840) | (1,495) | 54 | 2,846 | (693) | (883) | (1,703) | (433) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 18,733 | (973) | 7,979 | 1,128 | 26,867 | 23,939 | (2,233) | 6,429 | (8,006) | 20,129 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for property | (9,241) | (10) | (51) | — | (9,303) | (10,711) | (7) | (24) | (88) | (10,830) | ||||||||||
| Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions | (2,303) | — | (37) | — | (2,339) | (3,986) | — | — | — | (3,986) | ||||||||||
| Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations | 3,010 | — | 2 | — | 3,012 | 4,331 | — | — | — | 4,331 | ||||||||||
| Purchases of finance receivables(a) | — | — | (36,752) | 7 | (36,745) | — | — | (42,792) | 6,444 | (36,348) | ||||||||||
| Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivable(a)(b) | — | — | 38,004 | (2,894) | 35,109 | — | — | 31,783 | 1 | 31,784 | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of finance receivables | — | — | 2,005 | — | 2,005 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
| Purchases of leased vehicles | — | — | (15,793) | — | (15,793) | — | — | (15,279) | — | (15,279) | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles | — | — | 10,095 | — | 10,095 | — | — | 10,892 | — | 10,892 | ||||||||||
| Other investing activities(b) | (3,229) | — | — | 1,054 | (2,175) | (2,448) | — | 2 | 1,365 | (1,081) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (11,763) | (10) | (2,527) | (1,834) | (16,134) | (12,813) | (7) | (15,418) | 7,721 | (20,517) | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt | (11) | — | (301) | — | (312) | 16 | — | 112 | — | 128 | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)(b) | 2,078 | 723 | 41,135 | (746) | 43,191 | 83 | 1,118 | 53,398 | (1,165) | 53,435 | ||||||||||
| Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months) | (1,923) | (6) | (43,662) | — | (45,591) | (919) | (8) | (42,478) | 6 | (43,399) | ||||||||||
| Payments to purchase common stock | (6,012) | — | — | — | (6,012) | (7,064) | — | — | — | (7,064) | ||||||||||
| Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock(b) | — | — | — | (29) | (29) | — | 255 | — | (356) | (101) | ||||||||||
| Dividends paid(c) | (538) | — | (1,599) | 1,480 | (657) | (534) | — | (1,919) | 1,800 | (653) | ||||||||||
| Other financing activities | (42) | — | (138) | — | (180) | (82) | (161) | (164) | — | (407) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (6,449) | 717 | (4,563) | 705 | (9,590) | (8,501) | 1,204 | 8,950 | 285 | 1,938 | ||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 103 | 1 | 73 | — | 177 | (374) | — | (128) | — | (503) | ||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 624 | (266) | 962 | — | 1,320 | 2,251 | (1,037) | (167) | — | 1,047 | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 14,561 | 322 | 8,081 | — | 22,964 | 12,310 | 1,359 | 8,249 | — | 21,917 | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 15,185 | $ | 56 | $ | 9,043 | $ | — | $ | 24,284 | $ | 14,561 | $ | 322 | $ | 8,081 | $ | — | $ | 22,964 |
__________
(a)Includes eliminations of $2.6 billion and $6.4 billion in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 primarily driven by purchases/collections of wholesale finance receivables resulting from vehicles sold by GM to dealers that have arranged their inventory floor plan financing through GM Financial.
(b)Eliminations include intercompany funding activity from Automotive and GM Financial to Cruise in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
(c)Eliminations include dividends issued by GM Financial to Automotive in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Note: Certain intercompany transactions that are eliminated in consolidation are presented on a net basis.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries1
The following tables summarize key financial information (dollars in millions):
| GMNA | GMI | Corporate | Eliminations | Total<br>Automotive | Cruise | GM<br>Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three Months Ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales and revenue | $ | 36,893 | $ | 4,029 | $ | 65 | $ | (1) | $ | 40,986 | $ | — | $ | 4,304 | $ | (3) | $ | 45,287 |
| Expenditures for property | $ | 2,958 | $ | 183 | $ | 47 | $ | — | $ | 3,188 | $ | 8 | $ | 25 | $ | — | $ | 3,220 |
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 1,556 | $ | 119 | $ | 4 | $ | — | $ | 1,679 | $ | — | $ | 1,275 | $ | — | $ | 2,954 |
| Impairment charges | $ | 1,527 | $ | 20 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,547 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,547 |
| Equity income (loss)(a)(b) | $ | 89 | $ | (514) | $ | (77) | $ | — | $ | (502) | $ | — | $ | 2 | $ | — | $ | (500) |
| GMNA | GMI | Corporate | Eliminations | Total<br>Automotive | Cruise | GM<br>Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||
| Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales and revenue | $ | 39,528 | $ | 3,994 | $ | 76 | $ | — | $ | 43,598 | $ | 181 | $ | 4,114 | $ | (191) | $ | 47,702 |
| Expenditures for property | $ | 3,046 | $ | 157 | $ | 12 | $ | — | $ | 3,215 | $ | 2 | $ | 8 | $ | 7 | $ | 3,233 |
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 1,548 | $ | 103 | $ | 27 | $ | — | $ | 1,678 | $ | 7 | $ | 1,221 | $ | — | $ | 2,905 |
| Impairment charges | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 328 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 328 |
| Equity income (loss)(a)(b) | $ | 190 | $ | (4,057) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (3,867) | $ | — | $ | (311) | $ | — | $ | (4,178) |
| GMNA | GMI | Corporate | Eliminations | Total<br>Automotive | Cruise | GM<br>Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales and revenue | $ | 154,317 | $ | 13,427 | $ | 227 | $ | (1) | $ | 167,970 | $ | 1 | $ | 17,060 | $ | (12) | $ | 185,019 |
| Expenditures for property | $ | 8,687 | $ | 457 | $ | 97 | $ | — | $ | 9,241 | $ | 10 | $ | 51 | $ | — | $ | 9,303 |
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 6,489 | $ | 466 | $ | 43 | $ | — | $ | 6,999 | $ | 5 | $ | 4,976 | $ | — | $ | 11,980 |
| Impairment charges | $ | 2,571 | $ | 38 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,609 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,609 |
| Equity income (loss)(a)(b) | $ | 558 | $ | (306) | $ | (108) | $ | — | $ | 145 | $ | — | $ | 39 | $ | — | $ | 184 |
| GMNA | GMI | Corporate | Eliminations | Total<br>Automotive | Cruise | GM<br>Financial | Reclassifications/Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales and revenue | $ | 157,509 | $ | 13,890 | $ | 206 | $ | — | $ | 171,605 | $ | 257 | $ | 15,875 | $ | (296) | $ | 187,442 |
| Expenditures for property | $ | 10,266 | $ | 415 | $ | 30 | $ | — | $ | 10,711 | $ | 7 | $ | 24 | $ | 88 | $ | 10,830 |
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 5,963 | $ | 506 | $ | 80 | $ | — | $ | 6,548 | $ | 25 | $ | 4,883 | $ | — | $ | 11,456 |
| Impairment charges | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 933 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 934 |
| Equity income (loss)(a)(b) | $ | 955 | $ | (4,400) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (3,445) | $ | — | $ | (256) | $ | — | $ | (3,701) |
__________
(a)Includes Automotive China joint ventures (Automotive China JVs) equity income (loss) of $(0.5) billion and $(0.3) billion in the three months and year ended December 31, 2025 and $(4.1) billion and $(4.4) billion in the three months and year ended December 31, 2024.
(b)Equity income (loss) related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC, an equally owned joint venture with LG Energy Solution, is presented in Automotive and other cost of sales as this entity is integral to the operations of our business by providing battery cells for our electric vehicles. Equity income (loss) related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC was $319 million and $186 million in the three months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and $784 million and $975 million in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries
Supplemental Material1
(Unaudited)
General Motors Company (GM) uses both generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and non-GAAP financial measures for operational and financial decision making, and to assess Company and segment business performance. Our non-GAAP measures include: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)-adjusted, presented net of noncontrolling interests; earnings before income taxes-adjusted (EBT-adjusted) for our General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial) segment; earnings per share (EPS)-diluted-adjusted; effective tax rate-adjusted (ETR-adjusted); return on invested capital-adjusted (ROIC-adjusted) and adjusted automotive free cash flow. GM's calculation of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of these non-GAAP measures has limitations and should not be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for, related U.S. GAAP measures.
These non-GAAP measures allow management and investors to view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons, and benchmark performance between periods and among geographic regions to understand operating performance without regard to items we do not consider a component of our core operating performance. Furthermore, these non-GAAP measures allow investors the opportunity to measure and monitor our performance against our externally communicated targets and evaluate the investment decisions being made by management to improve ROIC-adjusted. Management uses these measures in its financial, investment, and operational decision-making processes, for internal reporting, and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes. Further, our Board of Directors uses certain of these and other measures as key metrics to determine management performance under our performance-based compensation plans. For these reasons, we believe these non-GAAP measures are useful for our investors.
EBIT-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Net income attributable to stockholders) EBIT-adjusted is presented net of noncontrolling interests and is used by management and can be used by investors to review our consolidated operating results because it excludes automotive interest income, automotive interest expense, and income taxes as well as certain additional adjustments that are not considered part of our core operations. Examples of adjustments to EBIT include, but are not limited to, impairment charges on long-lived assets and other exit costs resulting from strategic shifts in our operations or discrete market and business conditions, and certain costs arising from legal matters. For EBIT-adjusted and our other non-GAAP measures, once we have made an adjustment in the current period for an item, we will also adjust the related non-GAAP measure in any future periods in which there is an impact from the item. Our corresponding measure for our GM Financial segment is EBT-adjusted because interest income and interest expense are an integral part of its financial performance.
EPS-diluted-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Diluted earnings per common share) EPS-diluted-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our consolidated diluted EPS results on a consistent basis. EPS-diluted-adjusted is calculated as net income attributable to common stockholders-diluted less adjustments noted above for EBIT-adjusted and certain income tax adjustments divided by weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted. Examples of income tax adjustments include the establishment or release of significant deferred tax asset valuation allowances.
ETR-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Effective tax rate) ETR-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review the consolidated effective tax rate for our core operations on a consistent basis. ETR-adjusted is calculated as Income tax expense less the income tax related to the adjustments noted above for EBIT-adjusted and the income tax adjustments noted above for EPS-diluted-adjusted divided by Income before income taxes less adjustments. When we provide an expected adjusted effective tax rate, we cannot provide an expected effective tax rate without unreasonable efforts because the U.S. GAAP measure may include significant adjustments that are difficult to predict.
ROIC-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Return on equity) ROIC-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our investment and capital allocation decisions. We define ROIC-adjusted as EBIT-adjusted for the trailing four quarters divided by ROIC-adjusted average net assets, which is the average equity balances adjusted for average automotive debt and interest liabilities, exclusive of finance leases; average automotive net pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) liabilities; and average automotive net income tax assets during the same period.
Adjusted automotive free cash flow (Most comparable GAAP measure: Net automotive cash provided by operating activities) Adjusted automotive free cash flow is used by management and can be used by investors to review the liquidity of our automotive operations and to measure and monitor our performance against our capital allocation program and evaluate our automotive liquidity against the substantial cash requirements of our automotive operations. We measure adjusted automotive free cash flow as automotive operating cash flow from operations less capital expenditures adjusted for management actions. Management actions can include voluntary events such as discretionary contributions to employee benefit plans or nonrecurring specific events such as a closure of a facility that are considered special for EBIT-adjusted purposes.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries
Supplemental Material1
(Unaudited)
The following table reconciles Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders(a) | $ | (3,310) | $ | (2,961) | $ | 2,697 | $ | 6,008 |
| Income tax expense | (989) | 318 | 338 | 2,556 | ||||
| Automotive interest expense | 167 | 215 | 727 | 846 | ||||
| Automotive interest income | (242) | (279) | (854) | (967) | ||||
| Adjustments | ||||||||
| EV strategic realignment(b) | 5,992 | — | 7,914 | — | ||||
| China restructuring actions(c) | 702 | 4,010 | 842 | 4,010 | ||||
| Legal matters(d) | 357 | — | 657 | — | ||||
| Cruise restructuring(e) | 133 | 520 | 223 | 1,103 | ||||
| Separation costs(f) | — | 10 | 87 | 200 | ||||
| GMI exit costs(g) | 28 | 4 | 61 | 150 | ||||
| Headquarters relocation(h) | 5 | 30 | 55 | 64 | ||||
| Buick dealer strategy(i) | — | 643 | — | 964 | ||||
| Total adjustments | 7,217 | 5,217 | 9,839 | 6,491 | ||||
| EBIT-adjusted | 2,843 | 2,509 | 12,747 | 14,934 | ||||
| Operating segments | ||||||||
| GM North America (GMNA) | 2,244 | 2,274 | 10,452 | 14,528 | ||||
| GM International (GMI) | 278 | 221 | 737 | 303 | ||||
| Cruise | — | (418) | (273) | (1,701) | ||||
| GM Financial(j) | 609 | 719 | 2,802 | 2,965 | ||||
| Total operating segments | 3,131 | 2,796 | 13,718 | 16,095 | ||||
| Corporate and eliminations(k) | (288) | (287) | (972) | (1,161) | ||||
| EBIT-adjusted | $ | 2,843 | $ | 2,509 | $ | 12,747 | $ | 14,934 |
__________
(a)Net of net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests.
(b)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to our strategic realignment of our EV capacity and manufacturing footprint. These adjustments include $0.3 billion that was recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2025 associated with Ultium's strategic realignment.
(c)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to restructuring activities associated with our operations in China, including an other-than-temporary impairment and restructuring charges recorded in equity earnings associated with our Automotive China JVs.
(d)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to investigations and litigation associated with our former OnStar Smart Driver product and an indemnification charge for a European-wide Takata Corporation related recall.
(e)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to restructuring charges resulting from the plan to combine the Cruise and GM technical efforts to advance autonomous and assisted driving, the indefinite delay of the Cruise Origin, and the voluntary pausing in 2023 of Cruise's driverless, supervised, and manual AV operations in the U.S. The adjustments primarily consist of non-cash restructuring charges, supplier-related charges, and employee separation costs.
(f)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to employee separation charges including the acceleration of attrition as part of the cost reduction program announced in January 2023, primarily in the U.S.
(g)These adjustments were excluded because they primarily relate to the wind down of our manufacturing operations in Colombia and Ecuador and an asset sale resulting from our strategic decision in 2020 to exit India.
(h)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to the GM headquarters relocation, primarily consisting of accelerated depreciation and other relocation expenditures.
(i)These adjustments were excluded because they relate to strategic activities to transition certain Buick dealers out of our dealer network as part of Buick’s EV strategy.
(j)GM Financial amounts represent EBT-adjusted.
(k)GM's automotive interest income and interest expense, corporate expenditures, legacy costs from the Opel/Vauxhall Business (primarily pension costs), and certain revenues and expenses that are not part of a reportable segment are recorded centrally in Corporate.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries
Supplemental Material1
(Unaudited)
The following table reconciles diluted earnings per common share to EPS-diluted-adjusted (dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Amount | Per Share | Amount | Per Share | Amount | Per Share | Amount | Per Share | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (3,330) | $ | (3.60) | $ | (1,725) | $ | (1.64) | $ | 3,180 | $ | 3.27 | $ | 7,189 | $ | 6.37 |
| Impact of including dilutive securities(a) | 0.09 | 0.03 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments(b) | 7,217 | 7.60 | 5,217 | 4.85 | 9,839 | 10.12 | 6,491 | 5.75 | ||||||||
| Tax effect on adjustments(c) | (1,509) | (1.59) | (187) | (0.17) | (2,115) | (2.17) | (477) | (0.42) | ||||||||
| Return from preferred shareholders(d) | — | — | (1,239) | (1.15) | (593) | (0.61) | (1,239) | (1.10) | ||||||||
| EPS-diluted-adjusted | $ | 2,378 | $ | 2.51 | $ | 2,066 | $ | 1.92 | $ | 10,311 | $ | 10.60 | $ | 11,963 | $ | 10.60 |
__________
(a)Represents the dilutive effect of awards under stock incentive plans. Refer to the table below for the effect on weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted-adjusted.
(b)Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details.
(c)The tax effect of each adjustment is determined based on the tax laws and valuation allowance status of the jurisdiction to which the adjustment relates.
(d)This adjustment consists of a return from the preferred shareholders related to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares from noncontrolling interest holders in the year ended December 31, 2025 and the three months and year ended December 31, 2024.
The following table reconciles weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted to weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted-adjusted used in the calculation of EPS-diluted-adjusted (shares in millions):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted | 925 | 1,055 | 973 | 1,129 |
| Dilutive effect of awards under stock incentive plans | 24 | 20 | — | — |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted-adjusted | 949 | 1,075 | 973 | 1,129 |
The following table reconciles our effective tax rate to ETR-adjusted (dollars in millions):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | Income tax expense | Effective tax rate | Income before income taxes | Income tax expense | Effective tax rate | |||||||
| Effective tax rate | $ | 3,117 | $ | 338 | 10.8 | % | $ | 8,519 | $ | 2,556 | 30.0 | % |
| Adjustments(a) | 9,839 | 2,115 | 6,564 | 477 | ||||||||
| ETR-adjusted | $ | 12,956 | $ | 2,453 | 18.9 | % | $ | 15,083 | $ | 3,033 | 20.1 | % |
__________
(a)Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details. These adjustments include Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests where applicable. The tax effect of each adjustment is determined based on the tax laws and valuation allowance status of the jurisdiction to which the adjustment relates.
We define return on equity (ROE) as Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders for the trailing four quarters divided by average equity for the same period. Management uses average equity to provide comparable amounts in the calculation of ROE. The following table summarizes the calculation of ROE (dollars in billions):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||
| Net income attributable to stockholders | $ | 2.7 | $ | 6.0 | ||
| Average equity(a) | $ | 64.6 | $ | 68.9 | ||
| ROE | 4.2 | % | 8.7 | % |
__________
(a) Includes equity of noncontrolling interests where the corresponding earnings (loss) are included in Net income attributable to stockholders.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries
Supplemental Material1
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the calculation of ROIC-adjusted (dollars in billions):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||
| EBIT-adjusted(a) | $ | 12.7 | $ | 14.9 | ||
| Average equity(b) | $ | 64.6 | $ | 68.9 | ||
| Add: Average automotive debt and interest liabilities (excluding finance leases) | 16.2 | 16.1 | ||||
| Add: Average automotive net pension and OPEB liability | 8.5 | 9.4 | ||||
| Less: Average automotive net income tax asset | (23.2) | (22.7) | ||||
| ROIC-adjusted average net assets | $ | 66.0 | $ | 71.8 | ||
| ROIC-adjusted | 19.3 | % | 20.8 | % |
__________
(a)Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details.
(b)Includes equity of noncontrolling interests where the corresponding earnings (loss) are included in EBIT-adjusted.
The following table reconciles Net automotive cash provided by operating activities to adjusted automotive free cash flow (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||
| Net automotive cash provided by operating activities | $ | 5,606 | $ | 4,765 | $ | 18,733 | $ | 23,939 |
| Less: Capital expenditures | (3,188) | (3,215) | (9,241) | (10,711) | ||||
| Add: Buick dealer strategy | 10 | 154 | 718 | 530 | ||||
| Add: EV strategic realignment | 401 | — | 401 | — | ||||
| Add: China restructuring actions | 207 | — | 217 | — | ||||
| Add: Separation costs | — | 89 | 139 | 221 | ||||
| Add: GMI exit costs | — | 30 | 12 | 65 | ||||
| Less: Ultium strategic realignment | (281) | — | (384) | — | ||||
| Adjusted automotive free cash flow | $ | 2,755 | $ | 1,823 | $ | 10,595 | $ | 14,045 |
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries
Supplemental Material1
(Unaudited)
Vehicle Sales
GM presents both wholesale and total vehicle sales data to assist in the analysis of our revenue and market share. Wholesale vehicle sales data consists of sales to GM's dealers and distributors, as well as sales to the U.S. Government, and excludes vehicles sold by our joint ventures. Wholesale vehicle sales data correlates to GM's revenue recognized from the sale of vehicles, which is the largest component of Automotive net sales and revenue. In the year ended December 31, 2025, 27.5% of GM's wholesale vehicle sales volume was generated outside the U.S. The following table summarizes wholesale vehicle sales by our Automotive operations (vehicles in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
| GMNA | 780 | 876 | 3,296 | 3,464 |
| GMI | 157 | 163 | 503 | 547 |
| Total | 937 | 1,039 | 3,799 | 4,010 |
Total vehicle sales data represents: (1) retail sales (i.e., sales to consumers who purchase new vehicles from dealers or distributors); (2) fleet sales (i.e., sales to large and small businesses, governments, and daily rental car companies); and (3) certain vehicles used by dealers in their business, including but not limited to courtesy transportation vehicles previously used by dealers that were sold to the end consumer. Total vehicle sales data includes all sales by joint ventures on a total vehicle basis, not based on GM's percentage ownership interest in the joint venture, including vehicle sales of non-GM trademarked vehicles, which are included in the total vehicle sales we report for China. While total vehicle sales data does not correlate directly to the revenue GM recognizes during a particular period, we believe it is indicative of the underlying demand for GM's vehicles. Total vehicle sales data represents management's good faith estimate based on sales reported by GM's dealers, distributors, and joint ventures; commercially available data sources, such as registration and insurance data; and internal estimates and forecasts when other data is not available.
General Motors Company and Subsidiaries
Supplemental Material1
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes industry and GM total vehicle sales and GM's related competitive position by geographic region (vehicles in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Industry | GM | Market Share | Industry | GM | Market Share | Industry | GM | Market Share | Industry | GM | Market Share | |||||
| North America | ||||||||||||||||
| United States | 4,097 | 703 | 17.2 | % | 4,329 | 755 | 17.4 | % | 16,631 | 2,853 | 17.2 | % | 16,356 | 2,705 | 16.5 | % |
| Other | 1,020 | 124 | 12.2 | % | 1,020 | 134 | 13.2 | % | 4,027 | 507 | 12.6 | % | 3,904 | 510 | 13.1 | % |
| Total North America | 5,117 | 827 | 16.2 | % | 5,349 | 889 | 16.6 | % | 20,658 | 3,361 | 16.3 | % | 20,260 | 3,215 | 15.9 | % |
| Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and Africa | ||||||||||||||||
| China(a) | 7,079 | 521 | 7.4 | % | 8,284 | 599 | 7.2 | % | 26,412 | 1,880 | 7.1 | % | 26,408 | 1,839 | 7.0 | % |
| Other | 5,701 | 169 | 3.0 | % | 5,610 | 139 | 2.5 | % | 22,368 | 538 | 2.4 | % | 21,876 | 522 | 2.4 | % |
| Total Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and Africa | 12,780 | 690 | 5.4 | % | 13,894 | 738 | 5.3 | % | 48,780 | 2,418 | 5.0 | % | 48,284 | 2,360 | 4.9 | % |
| South America | ||||||||||||||||
| Brazil | 779 | 84 | 10.8 | % | 776 | 92 | 11.9 | % | 2,688 | 276 | 10.3 | % | 2,634 | 315 | 12.0 | % |
| Other | 411 | 32 | 7.7 | % | 356 | 27 | 7.7 | % | 1,679 | 126 | 7.5 | % | 1,347 | 109 | 8.1 | % |
| Total South America | 1,190 | 116 | 9.7 | % | 1,132 | 119 | 10.5 | % | 4,367 | 403 | 9.2 | % | 3,981 | 424 | 10.7 | % |
| Total in GM markets | 19,087 | 1,633 | 8.6 | % | 20,375 | 1,747 | 8.6 | % | 73,805 | 6,182 | 8.4 | % | 72,524 | 6,000 | 8.3 | % |
| Total Europe | 4,312 | — | — | % | 4,224 | 1 | — | % | 16,925 | 2 | — | % | 16,765 | 2 | — | % |
| Total Worldwide(b) | 23,399 | 1,633 | 7.0 | % | 24,599 | 1,747 | 7.1 | % | 90,730 | 6,184 | 6.8 | % | 89,289 | 6,003 | 6.7 | % |
| United States | ||||||||||||||||
| Cars | 637 | 13 | 2.1 | % | 739 | 37 | 5.0 | % | 2,719 | 57 | 2.1 | % | 2,946 | 178 | 6.0 | % |
| Trucks | 1,178 | 402 | 34.1 | % | 1,199 | 396 | 33.1 | % | 4,592 | 1,517 | 33.0 | % | 4,336 | 1,383 | 31.9 | % |
| Crossovers | 2,282 | 288 | 12.6 | % | 2,392 | 322 | 13.5 | % | 9,320 | 1,280 | 13.7 | % | 9,074 | 1,144 | 12.6 | % |
| Total United States | 4,097 | 703 | 17.2 | % | 4,329 | 755 | 17.4 | % | 16,631 | 2,853 | 17.2 | % | 16,356 | 2,705 | 16.5 | % |
| China(a) | ||||||||||||||||
| SGMS | 131 | 152 | 512 | 524 | ||||||||||||
| SGMW | 390 | 447 | 1,368 | 1,315 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 7,079 | 521 | 7.4 | % | 8,284 | 599 | 7.2 | % | 26,412 | 1,880 | 7.1 | % | 26,408 | 1,839 | 7.0 | % |
__________
(a)Includes sales by the Automotive China JVs: SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS) and SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW).
(b)Cuba, Iran, North Korea, and Sudan have been subject to broad economic sanctions. Accordingly, these countries are excluded from industry sales data and corresponding calculation of market share.
As discussed above, total vehicle sales and market share data provided in the table above includes fleet vehicles. Certain fleet transactions, particularly sales to daily rental car companies, are generally less profitable than retail sales to end customers. The following table summarizes estimated fleet sales and those sales as a percentage of total vehicle sales (vehicles in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Years Ended | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||
| GMNA | 170 | 168 | 667 | 615 | ||||
| GMI | 150 | 127 | 427 | 401 | ||||
| Total fleet sales | 320 | 295 | 1,094 | 1,016 | ||||
| Fleet sales as a percentage of total vehicle sales | 19.6 | % | 16.9 | % | 17.7 | % | 16.9 | % |
| North America capacity two-shift utilization | 104.7 | % | 103.5 | % | 113.7 | % | 105.7 | % |
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