Greetings and welcome to the Acurx Pharmaceuticals First Quarter 2025 Financial Results and Business Update. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host Rob Shawah, Chief Financial Officer for Acurx Pharmaceuticals. Thank you, you may begin.

Thank you, Melissa. Good morning and welcome to our call. This morning, we issued a press release providing financial results and company highlights for the first quarter 2025, which is available on our website at acurxpharma.com. Joining me today is Dave Luci, President and CEO of Acurx, who will give a corporate update and outlook. Following that, I'll provide some highlights of the financials from the first quarter ended March 31, and then turn the call back over to Dave for his closing remarks. As a reminder, during today's call, we'll be making certain forward-looking statements which are based on current information, assumptions, estimates, and projections about future events, that are subject to change and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consider these risks and other information described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which we filed yesterday, Monday, May 12th, 2025. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and Acurx disclaims any obligation to update such statements at any time in the future. This conference call contains time-sensitive information that's accurate only as of the date of this live broadcast today, May 13th, 2025. I'll now turn the call over to Dave Luci. Dave?

Thanks Rob. Good morning, everyone, and thank you so much for joining us to review our financial results for the first quarter of 2025 and to hear some recent updates. Then we'd be pleased to take any questions. First, I'd like to briefly summarize just a few of our key activities for the first quarter 2025 or in some cases, shortly thereafter. In January, we announced that we closed a $2.5 million registered direct offering priced at the market under NASDAQ rules. Also in January, we announced that we received positive regulatory guidance from the European Medicines Agency for the ibezapolstat Phase 3 clinical trial program which is aligned with FDA on matters of manufacturing, non-clinical and clinical aspects of the Phase 3 program. The EMA guidance also confirmed that as a full regulatory pathway for a marketing authorization application to be filed by the company after successfully completing Phase 3 clinical trials. With mutually consistent feedback from both EMA and FDA, Acurx is well-positioned to commence our international Phase 3 registration program. In February and March, we announced new publications in the Journal of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapeutics of two very important non-clinical studies, which we believe can leverage to show further positive differentiation for competitive advantage of ibezapolstat versus all other antibiotics used for first-line therapy to treat C. difficile infection or CDI. And for that matter, given our clinical results to date, we anticipate that this anti-recurrence effect of ibezapolstat could mitigate the patient's need for expensive microbiome therapeutic agents to prevent recurrent C. diff. Specifically, in February, we announced positive results from the first study conducted by Dr. Justin McPherson from the University of Houston and funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. It was an in-silico study that predicted the microbiome restorative potential of ibezapolstat for treating C. diff. Our scientific advisers consider this to be a major finding, which provides a mechanistic explanation for ibezapolstat's selectivity in that the predicted bacteria-interaction between ibezapolstat and its target, the pol IIIC enzyme, allows regrowth of gut microbes known to provide health benefits. The second study conducted by Dr. Trenton Wolfe from the University of Montana was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, the Natural Cancer Institute, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. This study is the first head-to-head comparison of microbiome changes associated with ibezapolstat when compared to other anti-CDI antibiotics in a germ-free mouse model. The data show that changes in alpha and beta microbiome diversities following ibezapolstat treatment were less pronounced compared to those observed in vancomycin or metronidazole-treated groups, complementing prior Phase 2 clinical findings, showing ibezapolstat's more selective antibacterial activity. Further, and very importantly, notable differences were observed between the microbiome of the ibezapolstat and fidaxomicin treatment groups, which may allow for differentiation of these two anti-CDI antibiotics in future studies. These results establish ibezapolstat's differentiating effects on the gut microbiome indicating a more selective spectrum of microbiome alteration compared to broad-spectrum antibiotics, like vancomycin and metronidazole, and narrower spectrum microbiome alteration compared to fidaxomicin. Also in February, the Japanese Patent Office granted a new patent for our DNA pol IIIC inhibitors, which expires in 2039, subject to extension. This constitutes a significant building block for our ongoing development of ACX-375, our pre-clinical antibiotic program, having the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staph, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and anthrax. In March, we announced the closing of a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement, raising gross proceeds of $1.1 million. And just last month, the Indian Patent Office granted a new patent for our DNA pol IIIC inhibitors, which expires in December 2039, subject to extension. This constitutes another significant building block for our ongoing preclinical antibiotic development program of ACX-375, which targets the treatment of MRSA, VRE, and anthrax infections. And just last week, on May 8th, we closed an equity line of credit with Lincoln Park Capital for up to $12 million of additional funding. Looking forward to the weeks ahead, I can share with you that our outstanding Phase 2 clinical trial data has been accepted for publication in the Premier Medical Journal Lancet Microbe and is now in press to be published shortly and summarizes ibezapolstat's Phase 2 results as follows. 'Results included high rates of clinical cure in ibezapolstat treated subjects with no recurrence. Furthermore, ibezapolstat was found to be safe, well-tolerated, and associated with the preservation of key health-promoting bacteria responsible for bile acid homeostasis, a key component in preventing recurrent CDI.' The publication establishes ibezapolstat's potential as a novel antibiotic treatment for CDI with high rates of clinical cure and sustained clinical cures while minimally disturbing the protective gut microbiota. The senior author, Professor Kevin Gary, University of Houston and a contributor to the IDSA treatment guidelines for CDI, noted that current U.S. and European treatment guidelines for CDI recommend only two antibiotics, oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin. Vancomycin is most commonly used, but has a low clinical cure rate of 70% to 92% and a sustained cure rate of just 42% to 71%. Fidaxomicin has fewer recurrences, but low rates of clinical cure, 84%, and sustained clinical cure, 67%. Dr. Gary further notes that both antibiotics are associated with emerging antimicrobial resistance, stating 'the clinical need for a new antibiotic like ibezapolstat to treat CDI is underscored by a recently published study in clinical infectious disease by Dr. Curtis Donskey of the Cleveland VA conducted in a hospital setting that found C. difficile isolates with clinically relevant reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility may emerge during therapy and spread to other patients. The medical community should be aware of this alarming finding.' Also upcoming, regarding Acurx's overall DNA pol IIIC inhibitor platform is a scientific presentation to be given on May 21 by Dr. from Leiden University Medical Center in The Netherlands, entitled 'A Unique Inhibitor Confirmation Selectively Targets the DNA Pol IIIC of Grand Positive Priority Packages.' This slide to the conference is sponsored by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology and is the premier venue for the newest research and technological trends in molecular machines inside the human body that ensure DNA replication and expression of genes to create proteins that make up a cell. We continue to identify and pursue funding opportunities for our Phase 3 ibezapolstat clinical trial program. We have several initiatives underway to that end, and we hope to have something to report in the future. As we've continually reported, ibezapolstat clinical results continue to outperform in the serious and potentially life-ending infectious disease caused by C. difficile bacteria that the CDC categorizes as an urgent threat and calls for new classes of antibiotics for initial treatment that also have a low incidence of recurrence like ibezapolstat. Ibezapolstat has FDA, QIDP and Fast-Track designations for the treatment of CDI. We also believe that if approved, ibezapolstat could make a favorable economic impact by reducing the overall annual U.S. cost burden for C. diff infection, which is $5 billion per year, of which $2.8 billion is due to recurrent infection. With our continuing momentum and passion to achieve success for our stakeholders, we remain confident that the best is yet to come as we progress through these very challenging times in the macroeconomic environment and in our industry sector. And now back to our CFO, Robert Shawah, to guide you through the highlights of our financial results for the first quarter of 2025.

Thanks, Dave. Our financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2025 are included in our press release issued earlier this morning. The company ended the quarter with cash totaling $4.6 million compared to $3.7 million as of December 31, 2024. The company raised a total of approximately $3.6 million of gross proceeds through two registered direct offerings during the quarter. Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, were $0.6 million compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1 million. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing costs of $0.4 million and a decrease in consulting costs of $0.6 million as a result of the prior year trial-related expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $1.6 million compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.2 million. The decrease was primarily due to a $0.7 million decrease in professional fees resulting from lower consulting expenses and a $0.6 million decrease in share-based compensation costs. The company reported a net loss of $2.1 million or $0.11 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a net loss of $4.4 million or $0.28 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2024, all for the reasons previously mentioned. The company had 22,397,511 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2025. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Dave.

Thanks, Rob and to all of you for joining us today. I'll now turn the call over to Melissa, our operator, to open the call for questions. Melissa?

Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Jason McCarthy with Maxim Group. Please proceed with your question.

Hi, good morning. This is Joanne Lee on for Jason McCarthy. Thanks for taking our question. Just one from me regarding the recent publications highlighting ibezapolstat's selective activity and potential microbiome preserving fact. I'm just curious if the company plans to explore this further and if these complementary findings are informed the Phase 3 trial in any way? Are you considering incorporating microbiome-related endpoints to help reinforce ibezapolstat's differentiation in the CDI space? Thanks.

Thank you very much, Joanne. Yes, we are indeed exploring this actively. The microbiome preservation and restoration is already a secondary end point in the Phase 3 program, designed as it had been in Phase 2b. But we're exploring it nonetheless. We're seeing that this is an area of differentiation, which is one of the primary reasons we believe that we're seeing so distinctively fewer recurrent C. diff cases than is experienced by patients on other antibiotics. And with the new administration in Washington and the influence of Marty Makary, I believe we're reading the tea leaves and exploring other possibilities in terms of pathway to approval. We hope to add more on that on the next call, but that's currently a hot topic internally.

Great. That’s helpful. Looking forward to seeing how things progress.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of James Molloy with Alliance Global Partners. Please proceed with your question.

Good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking my questions. I'm looking at G&A, R&D, and OpEx for the quarter. Do you expect these levels to continue moving forward? I notice that R&D is increasing significantly, and I know you've been waiting to start Phase 3. I assume that R&D will ramp up once that begins? What are your thoughts on the trajectory through 2025? Additionally, do you have any updates on the expected start date for any potential Phase 3 trials?

Thanks so much, Jim. I appreciate the questions. I can hop in here. We’ve done some dramatic cost cutting that started in the first quarter of 2025 and will continue. So, I would expect our - both our G&A and our R&D costs to continue to go down as quarters go by until we start the Phase 3 program. I don't want to provide a hypothetical date for the start of Phase 3 because we don't have the funding yet. And since we don't make the decision on the other side of where that funding is coming from, it's kind of hard to project, but we do have a lot of irons in the fire. We did close on the equity line of $12 million with Lincoln Park Capital last week. So, we feel that we are in a decent position relative to other biotech companies to kind of tread water until one of these funding opportunities comes through.

Understand. You guys have been excellent stewards of shareholder capital, notably the accruals are always in good shape, Robert. As you look at the - any updates on the past direct offerings and what may be going on there?

We don't have any specific updates on the past direct offerings, but I remain in frequent contact with our lobby group, about six times a day, and things are very busy in Washington, especially with the recent drug pricing reductions, which I believe could benefit our small company compared to larger pharmaceutical firms. There's no new information on the past direct offerings, and we’ve previously discussed the ongoing opportunities. Additionally, there are traditional BARDA grants that might become accessible. We recently submitted an application to ARPA-H for our second program. A European FDA-like organization has also shown interest. We have several options available, similar to how a fisherman in Cape Cod would say they have multiple lines in the water, and we’re just waiting for a good opportunity.

Understood. And last question, Marty Makary had some comments about some of the ultra-rare path for approvals based on a plausible mechanism rather than actual clinical trials. That wouldn't apply to you guys, though, right?

It's so funny. I mean, Joanne had a good question before. That's a great question. It's right on point with something that's being discussed internally right now based on Marty Makary's comments. So, it may apply to us. It would be a first for an antibiotic to follow that pathway. But our scientific team has taken a look.

Doesn’t hurt to look. Absolutely. Thank you guys very much for taking the questions.

Thanks so much, Jim.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our question-and-answer session and thus concludes our call today. We thank you for your interest and participation. You may now disconnect your lines.