Good afternoon, and welcome to Diodes Incorporated's third quarter 2025 financial results conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode, and at the conclusion of today's conference call, instructions will be shared for the question and answer session. If anyone needs assistance at any time during the conference call, please press star key followed by the zero on your touchtone phone, and an operator will assist you. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded today, Thursday, November 6, 2025. I'd now like to turn the call over to Leanne Severs of the Shelton Group Investor Relations. Leanne, please go ahead.

Good afternoon, and welcome to Diodes' third quarter 2025 financial results conference call. I'm Leanne Severs, president of Shelton Group, Diodes Investor Relations firm. Joining us today are Diodes' president and CEO, Gary Yu, CFO, Brett Whitmire, Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Marketing, Emily Yang, and Vice President of Marketing and Investor Relations for Meet Dahlia. I'd like to remind our listeners that the results announced today are preliminary as they are subject to the company finalizing its closing procedures in customary quarterly review by the company's independent registered public accounting firm. As such, these results are unaudited and subject to revision until the company files its Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2025. In addition, management's prepared remarks contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties, and management may make additional forward-looking statements in response to your questions. Therefore, the company claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements that is contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ from those discussed today, and therefore, we refer you to a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Forms 10-K and 10-Q. In addition, any projections as to the company's future performance represent management's estimates as of today, November 6, 2025. Diodes assumes no obligation to update these projections in the future as market conditions may or may not change, except to the extent required by applicable law. Additionally, the company's press release and management statements during this conference call will include discussions of certain measures and financial information in GAAP and non-GAAP terms. Included in the company's press release are definitions and reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP items, which provide additional details. Also, throughout the company's press release and management statements during this conference call, we refer to net income attributable to common stockholders as gap net income. For those of you unable to listen to the entire call at this time, a recording will be available via webcast for 90 days in the investor relations section of Diods' website at www.diods.com. And now, I'll turn the call to Diods President and CEO, Gary Yu. Gary, please go ahead.

Welcome, everyone, and thank you for joining us on today's conference call. As announced in our press release earlier today, revenue in the quarter increased 7% squintually and 12% year-over-year, driven by strong demand across the general computing market, including for AI-related server applications, as well as data center and aging computing. Our global point of sales increased the strongest in Asia, followed by North American. Additionally, our channel inventory is at a healthy level, decreasing again this quarter in terms of dollars and weeks, with overall inventory dollar decreasing over 25% from peak levels. Even though the rate of recovery in the automotive and industrial market continues to be slower than expected, revenue increased both sequentially and year-over-year in both of these end markets. When coupled with the computing market growing the strongest along with the consumer also increasing sequentially, product mix unfavorably weighted on the gross margin during the quarter. Future margin expansion will be driven by ongoing improvement in the product mix as the pace of recovery accelerates in all higher-margin automotive and industrial end markets, combined with increasing new product introductions in all target markets as well as improved loading across all manufacturing facilities. At the midpoint of fourth quarter guidance, we expect to achieve approximately 12% growth for the full year. Looking forward, we are gaining increasing confidence in broader demand improvement in the automotive and industrial market. DIOS is gaining increasing market share in the automotive market with new programs scheduled to launch early next year. combined with increasing content in industrial applications like air robotics, power management, medical, and factory automation. With that, let me now turn the call over to Brad to discuss our third quarter 2025 financial results, as well as our fourth quarter guidance in more detail. Thanks, Gary, and good

afternoon, everyone. Revenue for the third quarter, 2025, was $392.2 million, an increase of 12 percent, over $350.1 million in the third quarter, 2024, and a 7.1 percent increase, over $366.2 million in the second quarter, 2025. Gross profit for the third quarter was $120.5 million, or 30.7 percent of revenue, compared to $118 million, or 33.7% of revenue, in the prior year quarter, and $115.3 million, or 31.5% of revenue, in the prior quarter. Gap operating expenses for the third quarter were $108.9 million, or 27.8% of revenue, And on a non-GAAP basis, we're $103.1 million, or 26.3% of revenue, which excludes $5.9 million amortization of acquisition-related intangible asset costs. This compares to GAAP operating expenses in the third quarter, 2024, of $96.1 million, or 27.5% of revenue, and $105.9 million, or 28.9% of revenue in the prior quarter. Non-GAAP operating expenses in the prior quarter were $99.8 million, or 27.3% of revenue. Total other income amounted to approximately $7.5 million for the quarter, consisting of $8.5 million of interest income, $2.4 million in unrealized gains from investments, $0.4 million in other income, $3.3 million in foreign currency losses, and $0.5 million in interest expense. Income before taxes and non-controlling interest in the third quarter, 2025, was $19 million, compared to income of $18.8 million in the prior year period and $53.2 million in the previous quarter. Turning to income taxes, our effective income tax rate for the third quarter was approximately 18.7%. We continue to expect the tax rate for the full year to be approximately 18%, plus or minus 3%. Gap net income for the third quarter was $14.3 million, or $0.31 per diluted share, compared to net income of $13.7 million, or $0.30 per diluted share in the prior year quarter, and net income of $46.1 million, or $0.99 per diluted share last quarter. The share count used to compute GAAP income per share for the third quarter of 2025 was 46.4 million shares. Non-GAAP adjusted net income in the third quarter was $17.2 million, or $0.37 per diluted share, which excluded net of tax $4.8 million of acquisition-related and tangible asset costs and $1.9 million of unrealized gain on investments. This compares to non-GAAP adjusted net income of $20.1 million, or $0.43 per diluted share in the third quarter 2024, and $15 million, or $0.32 per diluted share in the prior quarter. Excluding non-cash share-based compensation expense of $5.4 million for the third quarter net of tax, both GAAP net income and non-GAAP adjusted net income would have increased by $0.12 per share. EBITDA for the third quarter was $46.6 million, or 11.9% of revenue, compared to $46.9 million or 13.4% of revenue in the prior year period and $84.5 million or 23.1% of revenue in the prior quarter. We have included in our earnings release a reconciliation of GAAP net income to non-GAAP adjusted net income and GAAP net income to EBITDA, which provides additional details. Cash flow provided by operations was $79.1 million for the third quarter. Free cash flow was $62.8 million, which included $16.3 million of capital expenditures. Net cash flow was a positive $59.3 million. Free cash flow per share was $1.35 for the quarter and $4.02 per share for the trailing 12 months, approaching the historical high of $4.34 per share in 2021. Turning to the balance sheet, at the end of third quarter, cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, plus short-term investments totaled approximately $392 million. Working capital was approximately $890 million in total debt, including long-term and short-term, was approximately $58 million. In terms of inventory, at the end of the third quarter, total inventory days were approximately 162, as compared to 173 last quarter, down approximately 11 days sequentially. Finished goods inventory days were 62, a decrease of nine days from the 71 days last quarter. Total inventory dollars decreased $11.8 million from the prior quarter to $470.9 million, consisting of a $17.3 million decrease in finished goods and a $1 million decrease in work and process, and a $6.5 million increase in raw materials. Capital expenditures on a cash basis were $16.3 million for the third quarter, or 4.2% of revenue, which was below our targeted annualized range of 5% to 9% of revenue. Now turning to our outlook. For the fourth quarter of 2025, we expect revenue to be approximately $380 million, plus or minus 3%. At the midpoint, this is better than typical seasonality from third quarter and represents a 12% increase over the prior year period and will be the fifth consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth. Gap gross margin is expected to be 31% plus or minus 1%. Non-gap operating expenses, which are gap operating expenses adjusted for amortization of acquisition-related and tangible assets are expected to be approximately 27% of revenue, plus or minus 1%. We expect net interest income to be approximately $1 million. Our income tax rate is expected to be 18.5%, plus or minus 3%, and shares used to calculate EPS for the fourth quarter are anticipated to be approximately 46.4 million shares. Not included in these non-GAAP estimates is amortization of $4.8 million after tax for previous acquisitions. With that said, I now turn the call over to Emily Yang.

Thank you, Brad, and good afternoon. Revenue in the third quarter was up 7.1% sequentially and at the midpoint of our guidance, mainly driven by strong demand in Asia, especially in Taiwan, for the AI computing applications. Our global point of sales increase in Asia, followed by North America, and our channel inventory decreased both in dollars and in weeks. During the quarter, we continued to drive our new product initiative with approximately 180 new PAR numbers, of which 60 were for automotive applications. Looking at the global sales in the third quarter, Asia represented 78% of the revenue, Europe 12%, and North America 10%. In terms of our end markets, industrial was 22% of DIOS product revenue, automotive 19%, computing 28%, consumer 18%, and communications 13% of the product revenue. Our automotive industrial revenue combined was 41%, which was one percentage point lower compared to the last quarter. Even though automotive industrial revenue increased quarter over quarter, the computing end market experienced stronger growth than the 7% of the company average for the quarter, and the industrial market grew at a lower rate than the average. Now let me reveal the end markets in greater detail. Starting with automotive, revenue in the quarter grew 8.5% sequentially and 18.5% in the first three quarters over last year, even though as a percentage of the total product revenue was flat to the last quarter due to the growth in the other markets. The revenue increase during the quarter serves as a further evidence that the inventory situation continues to improve even though the overall demand remains dynamic and the pace of recovery is slower than expected. The other positive news is that we are starting to see more new programs scheduled to ramp early next year. Our controllers and MOSFET combination from the low-voltage MOSFET product line has established a strong presence in the automotive DC source applications. Our newly released 50A 650V automotive-grade silicon-cabide Shaki-Berry diodes are specifically seeing traction in energy storage systems. And our small signal bipolar junction transistors devices packaged in DFM are proving to be valuable for general-purpose signal switching, offering flexibility and compactness for various electronic designs. Additionally, our latest NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistor products feature industrial-leading low saturated voltage, making them ideal for a range of automotive applications. These products are ideally suited for voltage regulation, DC-DC converters, motors, as well as LED lighting, engine control units, power management, and linear controllers. BIOS TVS products are being designed into battery management system applications, providing robust surge and over-voltage protection for reliable automotive battery performance. In addition to our TVS products, our switching diodes, Zener diodes, and SVR products have design wings in autonomous driving, telematic, and infotainment applications. And our USB 2.0 signal booster devices are being adopted for in-car charging solutions and other copic electronics, enabling stable signal transmission in long cable environments. We have also seen strong demand for our low-quensin current LDO operating at 40 to 60 volts, driven by increased production of MCU power supply systems. Our automotive hot effect sensors, including latch and ohmipolar switch variants, have experienced double-digit growth, driven by new design wings in the C motors, window and tailgate lifters, cooling fans, and glove box sensors. This momentum is expected to continue as automotive design becomes increasingly more sophisticated. And lastly, our LED drivers are seeing solid demand supporting a diverse range of applications such as gear shift control indicators, interior cabin lighting, and mood lighting. Turning to industrial market, similar to the automotive market, the inventory situation continues to improve gradually, with revenue in this market grow almost 4% sequentially and 13% for the first nine months. We continue to expect the overall inventory situation will begin to normalize next year. We are seeing applications such as AI robotic, medical, and factory automation gaining strong demand momentum. With the increasing power consumption by new systems, the importance of power supply and backup power solutions for AI surfers is becoming increasingly critical. Next generation surfer power supply systems are transitioning from the current 48-volt system to 400-volt and 800-volt systems and adopting a standalone power rack design. Dios SBR products, silicon-cabine MOSFET, ideal diode controllers are gaining traction in these innovative applications are increasingly being adopted by a range of power supply customers. Additionally, our portfolio of 50A, 1,200V silicon carbide shakibari diodes products are achieving success in energy storage applications, delivering efficient and reliable performance. And our silicon carbide MOSFETs are also seeing increasing adoption, especially for applications such as EV chargers and power supply for AI surfers and data center applications. Also in the industrial, DIOS TVS products are being integrated into power adapters to provide robust ESD and surge protection, enhancing device reliability. And our high voltage sensors, low dropout regulators, and voltage reference solutions are demonstrating strong momentum in a variety of industrial applications, including fan motors, household appliances, power tools, and e-meters. In the computing market, we saw the strongest growth this quarter, increasing almost 17% sequentially and 22% in the first nine months compared to last year. The highlight continues to be the strong demand momentum for AI-related applications. With the chipset refresh cycle underway, we are gaining strong traction and market share across our connectivity and timing product line, with particular strength in PCI Express 5.0 and 6.0 clock solutions. This growth is fueled by increasing demand within AI, data center, and edge computing applications. Our level shifter products are also seeing notable expansion, especially in surfer applications with major customers. Additionally, our signal integrity and high-speed switch portfolio, including USB 4 and PCIe 5 and 6, has gained significant traction. These products are being widely adopted in key applications, such as AI cars for surfer and solid-state drivers. Our ESC protection devices are also increasingly being integrated into SSD applications, showing a positive ramp-up. We also continue to secure design wins for our PCI Express 4.0 and 5.0 re-driver solutions and are now entering solid production phase in both Notebook and SSD applications. And our power switches are in high demand for the data center SSDs, while USB-C source switch are being utilized in power ports for the desktop and docking stations. Our linear LED drivers are also seeing increased deployment in servers. In the consumer market, revenue also increased 8.5% sequentially and 7% for the first nine month, even though flat as a percentage of the total product revenue. Dios bridge rectifiers are being designed into multiple power adapters that are ramping up, fueled by increased demand in the gaming systems. The adoption of DP2.0 redrivers is on the rise in high-resolution gaming monitors, supporting enhanced image quality and faster refresh rates. Additionally, adoption of our MIPI switches and re-drivers is also ramping up as they are being incorporated into argumentary reality glasses, signaling rapid growth opportunities in variable display technologies. Lastly, in the communication market, overall growth was relatively flat sequentially and a slight decrease for the first nine months. We are, however, seeing pockets of growth driven by the AI and high-speed interconnect applications. This demands being driven diodes introduction of new crystal oscillators that offer significant lower jitter, less than 60 phentoseconds, and also support higher frequency, now reaching 312.5 megahertz in addition to the previous 156.25 megahertz. These advanced oscillators are gaining adoption in the optical transceiver modules, which are integral to the high-speed 800G and 1.6T optical communications within data center. And the autodirectional level shifter and the low dropout regulators experience strong demand driven by the growth of AI-enabled smartphone applications. In summary, our continued year-over-year growth momentum is a result of our past design wins and content expansion initiative across our target end markets. Additionally, our continuous investment in new product introduction in our high margin end markets of automotive industrial position us well for a return to strong growth in those market as the recovery accelerates and with a return to more healthy inventory level and shimmons more closely reflecting true end demand, we expect to see increased loading at our manufacturing facilities and improving margins over the coming quarters. With that, we now open

the floor to questions, operator. Thank you very much and to our audience joining today over the phones. At this time, if you would like to ask a question, simply press the star followed by the digit 1 on your telephone keypad. Pressing star and 1 will place your line into a queue, and I will open your lines one at a time. Once again, ladies and gentlemen, that is star and 1, and if you find your question has been asked or answered, you may remove yourself by pressing star and 1 once again. Again, ladies and gentlemen, that is star and 1. We'll take our first question today from the line of David Williams at Benchmark.

Hey, good afternoon, everyone, and congrats on the solid results here. I guess maybe first question, Emily, you kind of touched on this at the end on the increased loadings, but as you kind of think about the gross margin for the year and what those loadings could look like, can you kind of give us a sense of what your expectations are for growth and maybe how those loadings should look as we move through next year?

yeah so i think if you look at the gross margin right there's a couple areas that you know we believe is going to improve over time right so number one we do expect the product mix will continue to improve uh throughout the quarters right with a lot of pipeline we have a lot of success in the automotive with the key focus introducing a lot of new products we are actually confident that the combination of the product mix will continue, right? And then if we look at the Paracom product family, we continue to focus on the AI areas we believe that will continue to help us from the product mix. On top of that, we have new product introduced throughout the quarters, especially focusing automotive area and some other areas. So again, right, that's part of the product mix. For the longer term, 2026, we do expect the revenue to be a growth year, right? So, you know, naturally, when we grow the revenue, that will increase the loading of our factories, right? We also aggressively porting our product into our factories from outside to inside and balance overall the loading as well. So, gradually, that will show some improvement, right? I think And going down to manufacturing efficiency, I think overall, Gary and the company is driving very aggressively for cost down and continue improving that area. So I would say if you add all these things together, that's actually the reason that we believe. And then on top of that, right, I also talk about that if we look at the channel inventory, we believe the ship in, the ship out is going to be more balanced moving forward. We have been depleting, you know, quite a lot for the last few quarters, and that's actually going to get more stabilized. So, you know, I would say that's another angle to think about it.

Then maybe on the tariff side, it seems like some of your peers have had a challenging time kind of sidestepping some of the earlier-in-the-year pull-ins, but that doesn't seem to have impacted you, and we're not seeing it here in the fourth quarter. Maybe talk about that, how you're able to navigate that, But are you seeing that impact, or could you potentially see that as we move into next year? Is there anything, I guess, from that perspective that we should be thinking about? Thank you.

So, David, I want to make sure you are talking about the tariff importing into U.S.?

The general demand trends, as we saw with the tariff, that we're driving some earlier loadings for production to come into the U.S., just that it's the demand dynamics around that and that channel inventory associated with it.

I would say overall, we didn't really see the big spike or change overall for the demand point of view. I think tariff is not new just for last quarter. It has been in place for quite some time. I think, you know, we are working aggressively, leverage our flexible manufacturing sites and moving things around to minimize the tariff's overall impact for U.S. revenue. I think on top of it, right, majority or there's quite a lot of revenue within North America is actually importing into Mexico or Canada. So that's actually also a different story. I would say all in all, if you look at the overall percentage of the business for North America, still a very small percentage. So, you know, that's a reason that we are working different angles, but the overall impact is relatively small for DIOS.

But, you know, and I would like to comment on that, you know, the market is very dynamic, especially like country to country, this kind of geopolitical issue. So I always want to keep our flexibility to support customer anywhere they want it.

All right. Very good. I certainly appreciate that. And maybe this last thing for me is on the automotive side. You've talked about things getting better there, inventory's better. How do you see maybe your position, given your content growth in these programs that are ramping next year, How do you think we should look at the revenue growth trajectory for automotive specifically as we get into next year? Thank you.

Yeah, so current percentage for automotive for us based on the Q3 result is 19%, right? We definitely expect our automotive percentage will continue to improve in 2026, especially with the market share gain and the content expansion that you just mentioned. Thank you.

Next, we will hear from the line of Tristan Guerra at Baird.

Hi, good afternoon. You mentioned insourcing as a gross margin catalyst for 26. How should we look at the gross margin benefit for an analog product currently outsourced in Korea or in Japan versus once it moves internally? And is it fair to say that the qualification process for your South Portland main fab is ongoing and it sounds that perhaps it's more of a second half of next year dynamic, given that industrial and automotive are still somewhat in recovery mode?

Okay, Tristan, this is Gary. Let me help you answer this question for you, right? And, you know, by moving external to external, definitely going to benefit dials a lot, right? For example, if I, you know, subcontract my wafer to our subcontract partner, they're definitely going to, you know, earn some premium from dials. And then we can save the premium by loading, you know, internally with our, like, kind of very, very effective cost, you know, this kind of model on that. So definitely we can enjoy the benefit of moving external to internal. As for the analog part, you know, we continue, you know, loading or qualified to process new product into our SPFAB. And we do see very, very good progress so far, and we do have our new product or requalified product from this waiver FAB being qualified in our key customer side. And we do see the PO coming in just recently from the previous couple quarters. So to offset our OEM customer under load issue or continue to drop the demand, we do significantly improve our loading in those particular SVFAP to offset the sky and the loading issue in the call. So for year 2026, I do believe loading will be improved and the GP coming from this WFAP will improve too.

Great, that's very useful. And then you mentioned AI as a key driver of computing, but you also mentioned computing being negative on MEX. What percentage of your computing revenue right now with data center and then any way to quantify, you know, how much of the growth is coming from AI-related products?

Yeah, Tristan, this is Emily. We're sorry right now we actually don't have the breakdown information, but if you look at our Q3 result, right, computing is the strongest growth market segment for us. We actually achieve 70%, 17% sequentially, and 22%, just compare the first three quarters, right? And majority of this growth is driven by AI. So, you know, I think the other thing I want to point it out, right, AI is not just in the computer segments, right? We also, for example, seeing AI related in the industrial power supply, you know, or some other edge AI applications that's driving some of the refresh cycle. That's actually the reason we haven't been able to break it out. I think on top of that, If you really think about our product, it's really fitted for a lot of applications, not just limited to AI, right? But I would say all in all, it's really positive. We're actually excited to see the performance and the growth, especially in the computing market segment.

Yeah, and just like Emily said, no matter AI in compute or industrial, we do see this kind of market segment will continue to grow next year and even year after next year. And at the same time, we continue to introduce a new product into this segment. And this new product, usually we can join much better GP on that. So that's really what kind of put our R&D focus on that, but continue to grow our GP percent in the future.

Okay, great.

And just one quick last one.

Do you see yourself as a benefit from the disruptions around Xperia?

Because my understanding is that it's a lot of discrete product.

And are you second-sourcing some of that? Is that a tailwind for next year?

Kristen, we're definitely aware of the situation. Discreet, Dios, Redifier, MOSFET, Logit, definitely part of our broad portfolio. And it does cross over to some of our peers like Nexperia, right? Like I mentioned before, anytime there's a change of supply situation, strategic decision, whether, you know, change price or supply or low margin focus, it always creates opportunity for dials and we always utilize this type of opportunities to really expand and build a stronger relationship with our strategic customers and also the focus in automotive market segment, right? We do review all this business very carefully and engage in the areas that fit into our overall long-term strategy and focus. So our goal at the end is really better serve the customers overall.

Very useful. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Tristan.

And a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, that is star and one. If you would like to ask a question, we'll hear next from William Stein at Truist.

Hi, this is Elliot on for Will. Thanks for letting me ask a question. You mentioned 2026 being a growth year. and it looks like recent top-line growth is holding in around plus 10% year over year. Is that a reasonable level for us to expect through 2026? And I'm wondering if you could give us some examples of in-markets or products or applications that could maybe trigger a more robust recovery than, say, plus 10%.

All right, this is Gary. Let me try to help answer this question. The answer to you is yes, for sure. We do believe the year 2026 will be another good year for dials. Not only the revenue growth, like a double-ditch, I want to drive on that way, but also I want to make sure our probability also grows in line with our revenue growth. That's our commitment to the shareholder. And as for which segment we are looking for the most aggressive growth, one is AIH Emily mentioned about in the previous answer. Another one will be automotive plus industrial because we do see the automotive and industrial in the near future. Not only the segment increase, but also we do have a newer product and introduced into this segment and been designing since the past couple of quarters. So we do see the revenue is going to be significant growth in this two segment.

Yeah, I think on top of that, right, we went through a period of inventory adjustment. We believe that by 2026, even with few customers' inventory situation, we'll continue to improve, and that naturally is going to drive some of the demand as well.

Okay, thanks. And one more, if I can. We've talked previously about a 20% operating margin target. I'm wondering if you could give us some color and maybe be a little more prescriptive in terms of the different variables you gave earlier about margins improving of how you can get to potentially that 20% range again from the, you know, call it mid-single digits today. What's the lion's share? Anything like that you can provide.

Okay, let me try to give you a very high-level direction I want to drive on that. The first one, top line means like revenue is going to be gross, right? and along with the GP and GP percent improvement on that direction and on the growth mode. At the same time, I really want to keep our SG&A flat or less percentage while the revenue grows, but I really want to put more focus on R&D expenditure along with the revenue growth. With that, I do believe we can improve more on our bottom line. So let me emphasize again. Revenue growth, and along with the GP percent and GPN growth, we keep SG&A percentage flat or reduced, and at the same time I want to focus on invest more on RMD.

Yeah, a couple things I would add to that. This is Brett. Is that, you know, when you think about that 20% margin, the building blocks to that are principally two things. is our gross margin continuing to improve and working its way back to 40-plus percent. And you've basically got the OPEX that we've shown that at the higher revenue levels will be around 20 percent. And as Gary mentioned, the goal is to, and what you can see in our investment, is leaning heavier into the R&D piece than we are on the SG&A. And so I think those are the two main components, and the big one we spend the time on is on the gross margin and the real drivers to that and building on the differentiated, more quality products across our portfolio while then, in addition, not adding to our manufacturing footprint while we do that, but getting the entitlement of it that's in place. So those things together, it will accelerate the margin improvement and will basically transition back to margin that we saw a few years ago.

Thank you. And now we'll take a follow-up from Mr. David Williams at Benchmark.

Hey, thanks again for letting me ask another one here.

No problem, David.

Thank you. On the AI side, is there a way to kind of parse out the demand or new demand that you're seeing relative to maybe the content expansion? And the reason I ask, I'm just trying to understand, are you driving, and I get that you're probably driving both, but what is the bigger one? Is it just increased demand all around, or are you just able to sell more products into each one of these solutions?

I think it's really a combination of both, right? I think it's important that we continue to drive new product introductions. You know, like I mentioned, there's a lot of change even with the AI data center with some shifting of transition from 48-volt to 400-volt and 800-volt, which also means that there's a new set of requirements that need to be fitted into the application. So I think it's important for DIOS to continue to focus on the technology, continue to focus on new product introduction, that will be well-fitted into the new application, right? At the same time, the volume will continue to grow. When you combine these two together, it's going to get the best result overall.

Yeah, another important information I'd like to share is, like, that's advantage is a very good relationship with those, like, tier one customer, no matter if it's any company or other company, right? And that's why we understand from their architecture, from our system point of view, we know what they want them, you know, three years or five years from now. That's why we cooperate with them to divide the part they wanted.

Okay, that's a great color there. And then maybe just on the inventory side, do you get a sense that some of your customers have started to replenish if you look across your inventory levels? And is that something that's helped here, or do you think that is still in front of us, just kind of given where inventory levels are today?

I believe a lot of customers' inventory situation changed a lot. There are still some pockets of customers, especially I would say in the industrial market segment, that's still going through some corrections, but we also expect situations should be improved or completed by the beginning of next year.

Yeah. So, David, one way to think about that, too, is that, you know, you've seen the last two quarters, the internal inventory as well as, as we've described, our channel inventory continue to come down. And as long as that is happening in that way, you're not getting the full entitlement of the market on our margins. And so I think going forward, we feel a more balanced basically ship in and ship out, and then the ability to have the entitlement of the full demand coming through our margin. And as Emily said, we think you'll start to see that as we transition into, you know, probably second quarter next year especially, as we start to see the strength.

Keep it the good work. Looking forward to seeing your success.

Thank you, David.

And we have no further questions from our audience today. I'm happy to turn the floor back to Mr. Gary Yu for any additional or closing remarks.

Thank you everyone for participating on today's call. We look forward to reporting our progress on next quarter's conference call. Operator, you may now disconnect.

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining today. You may now disconnect your lines.