EpicQuest Education Group International Ltd F-3, filed Oct 31, 2025
EpicQuest Education Group International Ltd (EEIQ)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2025
Registration No. 333-
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
EpicQuest Education Group International Limited
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
| British Virgin Islands | Not Applicable | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
200 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 100, Toledo, OH 43604
Tel: 513-649-8350
(Address and Telephone Number of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
Puglisi & Associates
850 Library Avenue, Suite 204
Newark, DE 19711
+1 302-738-6680
(Name, address, and telephone number of agent for service)
Copies to:
Cavas Pavri, Esq.
Johnathan Duncan, Esq.
ArentFox Schiff LLP
1717 K Street NW
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202)724-6847
Fax: (202) 778-6460
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
Explanatory Note
Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the securities being registered by the Registrant on this registration statement include an aggregate of $71,299,999.38 of unsold securities (the “Unsold Securities”) previously registered under the Registrant’s prior registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-264807) filed on May 9, 2022, and declared effective on November 4, 2022 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). Filing fees of $6,609.51 were previously paid with respect to the Unsold Securities. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(5) under the Securities Act, the Registrant intends to continue to offer and sell the Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement until the earlier of (i) the date on which this registration statement is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and (ii) May 3, 2026, which is 180 days after the third-year anniversary of the effective date of the Prior Registration Statement (the “Expiration Date”). Until the Expiration Date, the Registrant may continue to use the Prior Registration Statement and related prospectus supplements for its offerings thereunder.
Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6), on or before the Expiration Date, the Registrant may file a pre-effective amendment to this Registration Statement to update the amount of Unsold Securities previously registered by the Prior Registration Statement being registered hereby, and continue to offer and sell such Unsold Securities under this Registration Statement. If applicable, such pre-effective amendment shall identify such Unsold Securities to be included in this Registration Statement, and the amount of any new securities to be registered on this Registration Statement.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PROSPECTUS |
Subject to Completion, Dated October 31, 2025 |
EpicQuest Education Group International Limited
Up to $75,000,000 of
Common Shares
Preferred Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
We may offer and sell common shares (also referred to as ordinary shares), preferred shares, debt securities, warrants and/or units comprising any combination of these securities, in any combination from time to time in one or more offerings, at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The debt securities and warrants may be convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares, preferred shares or other securities. The aggregate initial offering price of all securities sold by us under this prospectus will not exceed US$75,000,000.
Each time we sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided in connection with a specific offering. You should read this prospectus, any supplement and any free writing prospectus before you invest in any of our securities.
We may sell the securities independently or together with any other securities registered hereunder. We may sell the securities through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis. See “Plan of Distribution.” If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangements between or among them, will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We are not a Chinese operating company but a British Virgin Islands holding company with operations conducted by our direct subsidiaries: (i) Quest Holdings International LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“QHI”), (ii) Quest International Education Center LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“QIE”), (iii) Ameri-Can Education Group Corp., an Ohio corporation (“Ameri-Can”), (iv) Highrim Holding International Limited, a British Columbia, Canada corporation (“HHI”), and (v) Gilmore INV LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“Gilmore”); and through our indirect subsidiaries: (i) Davis University (formerly Davis College, Inc. an Ohio corporation), (ii) Richmond Institute of Languages Inc., a Canadian corporation (“RIL” or “EduGlobal College”), (iii) Study Up Center LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“SUPC”), (iv) Skyward Holding International Limited, a Canadian company (“Skyward”), and (v) SouthGilmore LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“SouthGilmore”); as well as through our recruiting office in Sri Lanka, which operates under Skyward.
Investors will be purchasing securities in EpicQuest Education Group International Limited, a British Virgin Islands, which is a holding company and does not conduct any operations. We refer to EpicQuest Education Group International Limited and its subsidiaries as “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” or “EpicQuest.”
Investing in our securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus involves unique and a high degree of risk. You should carefully read and consider the risk factors beginning on page 11 of this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement before you make your investment decision.
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, more than two-thirds of our customers (excluding domestic Davis University students who were enrolled in our certificate programs) were residents of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”). Davis University is wholly owned by Ameri-Can, our majority owned subsidiary of which we have a 70% interest. We are subject to legal and operational risks associated with having such a concentration of our customers based in the PRC. The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operation of our business in China, which may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to conduct our business and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
QHI conducts marketing activities in China through its business partner in China, Renda Financial Education Technology Co., Ltd., and Davis University collaborates with multiple universities and colleges in China to run joint academic programs together with them. Although we do not have any variable interest entities or Chinese subsidiaries that are subject to PRC law at this time, recent statements and regulatory actions by China’s government, such as those related to the use of variable interest entities and data security or anti-monopoly concerns, may impact our ability in the future to conduct business or accept foreign investments. In general, rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice, creating substantial uncertainty. Changes in the PRC legal system may adversely affect our business and operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”
Most of our revenue is remitted to us in U.S. dollars, and all the bank accounts owned by us, other than those owned by Richmond Institute of Languages (RIL) located in British Columbia, Canada, are located in Ohio. The rest of our revenue is remitted to RIL in Canadian dollars, and the bank accounts owned by RIL are located in British Columbia, Canada. There are no restrictions on our ability to transfer cash between us, our Ohio-based subsidiaries and our Canadian subsidiary, and investors. The typical structure of cash flows through our organization is as follows: (i) our subsidiaries, which conduct our operations, receive cash from our operations; and (ii) to the extent EpicQuest requires cash for its expenses, the subsidiaries satisfy such obligations through intercompany loans made to EpicQuest. QHI and Davis University, which are our only subsidiaries that conduct any business in China, do so through their business partners in China, Renda Financial Education Technology Co., Ltd. and Wenfeng Shenghe Study Abroad Service Co. Ltd.
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, cash transfers have been made to date between EpicQuest and our subsidiaries were as follows: (i) intercompany loans from QHI to QIE of $26,845; (ii) intercompany loans from QHI to Ameri-Can of $30,000; (iii) intercompany loans to QHI from HHI of $39,959; (iv) intercompany loans from QHI to Gilmore Investment of $3,006,381; (v) intercompany loans from QHI to EEIQ of $2,013,546; (vi) intercompany loans from QHI to Study Up of $18,455; (vii) intercompany loans from QHI to RIL of $50,000; and intercompany loans from Ameri-Can to Davis University of $1,868,700. See “Prospectus Summary – Cash Flows through Our Organization; Dividends and Distributions” for more information.
As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries has declared or paid any dividends or made any distributions to EpicQuest, nor does any of them have intention to do so. As of the date of this prospectus, EpicQuest has not declared any dividend and does not have a plan to declare a dividend to its shareholders. For more information, please see our consolidated financial statements contained in our most recent annual report on Form 20-F, which is incorporated by reference herein. We currently do not have cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred between us, our subsidiaries or investors. See “Prospectus Summary – Cash Flows through Our Organization; Dividends and Distributions” for more information.
To the extent cash in the business is in the PRC or a PRC entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations by the PRC government on our ability or our subsidiaries’ ability to transfer cash.
The lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work in foreign countries prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures. As a result, investors would be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections. The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) was enacted on December 18, 2020, to address concerns over lack of access to audit records of foreign companies. The HFCAA required the SEC to prohibit trading of securities of any foreign issuer if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) is unable to inspect or investigate the company’s auditor for three consecutive years. This prohibition applies to both exchanges and over-the-counter markets. Beginning in 2021, foreign issuers may be designated as “Commission-Identified Issuers” if they retain such an auditor, and if identified for three consecutive years, may be subject to delisting. We could face such consequences if either we or our auditor are designated accordingly.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report relaying to the SEC its determinations that PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong due to positions taken by Chinese authorities. Because our independent registered public accounting firm is based in the United States, it is not subject to the PCAOB’s December 16, 2021 determinations. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB entered into a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, establishing arrangements for conducting inspections and investigations of relevant audit firms in both jurisdictions. This agreement marked a significant step toward resolving audit oversight issues and set forth the framework for cooperation, including the purpose, scope, and protection of certain data. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced it had obtained full access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, effectively reversing its prior determination. As a result of the PCAOB’s decision to vacate its previous determinations, there are currently no issuers at risk of trading prohibitions under the HFCAA unless the PCAOB issues a new determination. On December 29, 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (AHFCAA), which amended the HFCAA to reduce the number of “non-inspection years” from three to two. As a result, the SEC is now required to prohibit trading of an issuer’s securities on national securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter market if the issuer is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years, rather than three.
If, notwithstanding the foregoing, it is determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, the trading in our common shares would be prohibited, and as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our common shares. Delisting of our common shares would force holders of our common shares to sell their shares. The market price of our common shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of these executive or legislative actions upon, as well as negative investor sentiment towards, companies with significant business in China that are listed in the United States, regardless of whether these executive or legislative actions are implemented and regardless of our actual operating performance.
As of the date hereof, our auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, is not among the auditor firms listed on the HFCAA determination list, which list notes all of the auditor firms that the PCAOB is not able to inspect. However, trading in our securities on any U.S. stock exchange or the U.S. over-the-counter market may be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB issues a new determination and it also determines that it cannot inspect the work papers prepared by our auditor and that as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities. See “Risk Factors— We could be delisted if it is determined that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely” for more information.
Our common shares are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “EEIQ.” The last reported sale price of our common shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market on October 30, 2025, was $0.4521 per share. The aggregate market value of our outstanding common shares held by non-affiliates, or public float, as of October 31, 2025, was approximately $7,798,166, which was calculated based on 14,178,485 common shares held by non-affiliates and $0.55 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common shares on the Nasdaq on September 10, 2025. During the 12-calendar month period that ends on and includes the date hereof, we have sold approximately US$3.7 million in securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3.
See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 for factors you should consider before buying our securities.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or regulator has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is ___, 2025.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. References to this “prospectus” include documents incorporated by reference herein. See “Incorporation of Certain Information By Reference.” The information in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus is current only as of its date. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This document may only be used where it is legal to offer these securities.
i
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may sell securities from time to time, in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $75,000,000, from time to time in one or more offerings, as described in this prospectus.
We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information other than that contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. We don’t take any responsibility, and can make no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate as of the date on its respective cover, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
Under this shelf registration, we may offer any combination of the securities described in this prospectus from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus only provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities described herein, we will provide prospective investors with a supplement to this prospectus that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering, including the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities offered. The prospectus supplement may also add to, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Accordingly, to the extent inconsistent, information in this prospectus is superseded by the information in any prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize. You should carefully read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,” before investing in any of the securities offered.
THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
Unless context requires otherwise, we refer to EpicQuest Education Group International Limited and its subsidiaries as “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” or “EpicQuest.”
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
ii
The following summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. We urge you to read this entire prospectus, including the more detailed consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and other information incorporated by reference from our other filings with the SEC, or included in any applicable prospectus supplement. Investing in our securities involves risks. Therefore, carefully consider the risk factors set forth in any prospectus supplements and in our most recent filings with the SEC including our Annual Reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K, as well as other information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplements and the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, before purchasing our securities. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities.
Company Overview
Located in Ohio, EpicQuest Education Group International Limited (“EpicQuest”), through its wholly owned subsidiaries Quest Holding International LLC (“QHI”), Quest International Education Center LLC (“QIE”) and Highrim Holding International Limited (“HHI”), and majority owned (70%) subsidiary, Ameri-Can Education Group Corp. (“Ameri-Can”), provides comprehensive education solutions for domestic and international students interested in university and college degree programs in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Additionally, though these entities, EpicQuest has indirect subsidiaries that contribute to its global operations and educational offerings. Through Ameri-Can, we have controlling equity ownership interest in Davis University (formerly, Davis College)(“Davis”) located in Toledo, Ohio. In March 2023, we completed the full acquisition of all the issued and outstanding shares of Richmond Institute of Languages Inc. (d.b.a. EduGlobal College), based in British Columbia, Canada, which focuses on English proficiency educational programming for students pursuing academic degrees. In addition, we have a recruiting relationship with the regional campuses of Miami University of Ohio, where we maintain residential facilities, a full-service cafeteria, recreational facilities, shuttle buses and an office for the regional campuses that provides study abroad and post-study services for its students; these facilities are not owned, maintained, operated or are a part of Miami University. We also act as a recruiting agent for the University of the West of Scotland (through The Education Group (London) Ltd.) and Coventry University, both of which are located in the United Kingdom. Through Skyward, we also operate a recruiting office in Sri Lanka that we opened in September of 2023. Through our wholly owned subsidiary, Gilmore INV LLC (“Gilmore”) and its subsidiary, SouthGilmoreLLC (“SouthGilmore”), we organize sport-related exhibition matches; and through EpicQuest’s owned and operated institutions, Davis University and EduGlobal College, we offer kinesiology and recreation education programs.
Company Structure
EpicQuest is a holding company registered and incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) on December 13, 2017. As a wholly-owned subsidiary of EpicQuest, Quest Holding International LLC (QHI) was incorporated in 2012 in Ohio to facilitate study abroad and post-study services for Chinese students in the United States. Quest International Education Center LLC (QIE) was formed in January 2017 in Ohio, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of QHI. Gilmore INV LLC (Gilmore) was formed in November 2023 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of EpicQuest. SouthGilmore LLC (SouthGilmore) is 40% owned by Gilmore, and was formed in November 2023, with EpicQuest maintaining control of SouthGilmore’s Board of Directors and heading its management team. Highrim Holding International Limited (HHI) was formed in July 2021 in Canada, and it is also a wholly-owned subsidiary of EpicQuest. Study Up Center LLC (SUPC) was formed in April 2022 in Ohio, and it is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HHI. Skyward International Holding Limited (Skyward) was formed in June 2023, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HHI. Skyward also serves as the holding company of the Company’s Sri Lanka recruiting office opened in September 2023.
We are not a Chinese operating company but a British Virgin Islands holding company with operations conducted by our subsidiaries. We do not utilize any variable interest entities. Investors will be purchasing securities in EpicQuest Education Group International Limited and not in any of our subsidiaries.
1
The following chart reflects our organizational structure as of the date of this prospectus.*
| * | EpicQuest Education Group International Ltd. is the entity in which investors will be purchasing their interests. |
| (1) | Percentage ownership of the Company’s ordinary shares is based on 23,396,667 ordinary shares outstanding as of October 30, 2025. Stock options, warrants, or other securities that are exercisable or convertible into ordinary shares are not included in these percentages. See “Selling Shareholders” for a table setting forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of our common shares and warrants to purchase common shares held by each of the Selling Stockholders. |
Business Overview
Quest Holding International LLC (QHI), a wholly owned subsidiary of EpicQuest, has agreements with the Regional Campuses of Miami University of Ohio, one of the oldest public universities in the country, to offer our services to Chinese students interested in studying in the United States. Located in southwestern Ohio and established in 1809, Miami University has 7 colleges, 5 different campuses, and the campus population of approximately 25,000. Known as a “public Ivy,” the university offers more than 120 undergraduate, 60 graduate and 13 Ph.D. degrees. Currently, our agreements with Miami University have extended to the Middletown and Hamilton campuses. After two years of online courses, our students returned to Ohio for in-person classes at the Miami University Regional Campuses starting in August 2022.
2
On May 24, 2023, QHI entered into a Memorandum of Agreement with Miami University (the “Miami Agreement”). The Miami Agreement sets forth the terms pursuant to which QHI is to recruit international students residing outside of the United States for admission to the Miami University English Language Center at the Miami University Regional Campuses. The Miami Agreement has a five-year term, as compared to the previous three-year term agreements with Miami University. The Miami Agreement was effective as of July 1, 2023, and will terminate in accordance with its terms on June 30, 2028.
As a key part of our strategic growth plan, we acquired a controlling stake in Ameri-Can Education Group Corp. (Ameri-Can), which, as of December 2022, owns Davis College (now Davis University), a two-year career-training college. It represents a key strategic growth initiative that expands our business model to being an operator of a college that provides career-training programs as well as a ‘transfer pathway’ to universities for students to pursue Bachelors’ degrees. We believe that Davis offers immediate synergies with our existing operations as well as significant long-term growth opportunities in the U.S., the foundation of our global expansion strategy. Davis has arrangements with 7 international universities to offer students a variety of pathways toward completing their Bachelor’s degrees. In recent months, Davis has established non-binding Memorandums of Understanding with several global institutions. Among these institutions are the International College of Business and Technology (ICBT Campus) of Sri Lanka, Isabela State University of the Philippines, PSB Academy of Singapore, and Anhui Business College of China.
In June of 2023, Davis College was approved by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC) to offer a four-year Bachelor of Science in Business degree. The HLC is an independent corporation and is one of seven regional accreditors in the U.S. that accredits degree-granting post-secondary educational institutions in order to help assure the quality of higher education. Effective November 18, 2023, the conversion of Davis College to Davis University was approved by regulatory authorities. This new designation reflects the breadth of Davis University’s academic programs including current and planned four-year degree programs which offer students a wide range of avenues to pursue different levels of education. On September 12, 2023, the HLC approved Davis for all of its education courses and programs that are offered online. HLC indicated that since Davis met the threshold requirement for online education, it does not need to seek further online education approvals from HLC.
As of September 30, 2024, Davis has enrolled 220 international students for the first academic quarter of 2024. This compares with 35 international students that were enrolled at Davis in this same academic quarter in 2022, and 102 international students that were enrolled in this same academic quarter in 2023. The substantial increase in international enrollment for the first academic quarter of 2024 includes 101 international students through an agreement with Chongqing Technology and Business Institute and 115 international students through the Company’s foundational programs in China. On July 1, 2023, Davis entered into an agreement with Beijing New Oriental Vision Overseas Consulting Co., Ltd. (“New Oriental Consulting”) whereby New Oriental Consulting will act as a non-exclusive recruiting agent for Davis for a period of three years. New Oriental Consulting is the largest recruitment agent for students in China and recruits for colleges and universities in the U.S. and around the world.
On August 10, 2023, Davis entered into an agreement with Peking University School of Education (the “Peking University Agreement”) for a two-year continuing education and training program. During the first two years of this program, Davis students take course work on the main campus of Peking University; the remainder of the course work is to be taken at the Davis campus in Toledo, Ohio, leading to the attainment of degrees. The education program with Peking University, a preeminent university in China, began on September 1, 2023, with an enrollment to be capped at 50 Davis students. Peking University is regarded as one of the largest and highest ranked universities in China. In July 2024, the Peking University Agreement was renewed, and the cap of student enrollment in the program has been increased to 80 students. In addition, effective May 8, 2024, Davis entered an agreement with Shanghai Jiao Tong University to establish a foundational program on one of its main campuses, and started the first year of the program beginning in September 2024.
Starting July 2024, Davis expanded its campus to downtown Toledo in order to accommodate an expected growth in enrollment metrics attributable to its internationalization strategy. In addition, while an ongoing collaboration program with Chongqing Institute of Technology and Business for graphic design, which provides Davis students the opportunity to take coursework has entered into its second year, two similar programs have been formally approved and will start their first cohorts in September 2025. These new programs are an Advertising and Art Design program with Shijiazhuang College of Applied Technology and the Modern Logistics Management program with Guangdong Communications Polytechnic.
Effective December 1, 2024, Davis University established a pathway for international students from five Southeast Asian and South American colleges and universities to complete associate and bachelor’s degrees in business at Davis University by entering into a Transfer Articulation Agreement with The Center of Advanced Studies (“CAS”), based in Tokyo, Japan. The Agreement between Davis and CAS establishes a transfer pathway by facilitating the transfer of credits for students from colleges and universities where CAS operates its International Studies Program to enroll in Davis’ associate and bachelor’s degree programs for business. In the first half of calendar year 2025, Davis also signed agent agreements and partnership agreements in order to enter the African markets and to expand the South-Asian markets.
3
On January 15, 2022, EpicQuest’s wholly-owned subsidiary, HHI, entered into agreements with Canada EduGlobal Holdings Inc. (EduGlobal Holdings) and Richmond Institute of Languages Inc. d.b.a. EduGlobal College (EduGlobal College), pursuant to which it acquired 80% of the issued and outstanding shares of EduGlobal College from EduGlobal Holdings. This acquisition provided us with an opportunity to further develop EduGlobal’s innovative educational programs of English proficiency training and academic programming that was student-centric and were among the highest in academic quality. EduGlobal previously signed an Academic Articulation Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Algoma University (“Algoma”). The Agreement establishes a seamless pathway for EduGlobal students who have successfully completed its International Undergraduate Pathways Program (iUPP) and the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Program to complete baccalaureate degrees and graduate certificates at Algoma’s campuses in Brampton and Sault Ste. Marie. The Agreement is an important element of the Company’s strategic plan; EpicQuest is intent upon exploring additional opportunities to expand into the Canadian education market. On March 31, 2023, HHI acquired the 20% remaining equity of EduGlobal College from EduGlobal Holdings. The acquisition price of the remaining 20% of the equity in EduGlobal was C$250,000 (US$186,131). This acquisition of the 20% of the remaining equity in EduGlobal resulted in EduGlobal College being 100% owned by HHI. EduGlobal College (“EduGlobal”) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding and Articulation Agreement with Corpus Christi College, located in Vancouver, Canada, and an Articulation Agreement with Academy of Learning, which has learning campuses throughout Canada. The agreements provide for ongoing collaborations between EduGlobal and the two institutions of higher learning. On March 28, 2024, two new cooperative (“co-op”) diploma programs at EduGlobal College were approved by the Private Training Institutions Branch (“PTIB”) of British Columbia, which regulates private training institutions. The co-op programs entail students alternating between attending academic semesters at EduGlobal College with working at paid, full-time jobs, and commenced for the Fall semester in September 2024. The two co-op programs are for a two-year Business Studies Diploma and a one-year Business Studies Certificate. Both programs require students to alternate semesters between attending academic semesters with placement at paid, full-time jobs. The two new programs add to the program that EduGlobal has been offering, and both programs are designed with international students in mind, featuring a blend of delivery methods to accommodate different time zones and learning preferences. This format supports EduGlobal College’s strategy to make quality Canadian education accessible to students from around the world.
As a wholly owned subsidiary of HHI, Skyward was formed in June of 2023 in Canada. Skyward serves as the holding company of our Sri Lanka recruiting office which opened in September of 2023 and focuses on the recruiting students in Southeast Asia and the Middle East regions.
In November 2023, EpicQuest established a wholly owned subsidiary, Gilmore INV LLC (Gilmore), in Ohio, for the purposes of organizing sport-related exhibition matches, and kinesiology and recreation education programs to be offered by both of EpicQuest’s owned and operated institutions, Davis University and EduGlobal College. Another entity SouthGilmore LLC (SouthGilmore) was formed in 2023 to organize sports-related entertainment projects such as exhibition matches. SouthGilmore is 40% owned by Gilmore, with EpicQuest Education maintaining control of its Board of Directors and heading its management team.
On November 23, 2023, SouthGilmore entered into a contract (the “AFA Agreement”) with the Argentine Football Association (the “AFA”) pursuant to which the parties agreed that the Argentina Men’s National Soccer Team to play two exhibition matches in China. The two international friendly matches were planned to take place between March 18-26, 2024 between the Argentine men’s national soccer team and similar opponents in China. Pursuant to the Agreement, SouthGilmore agreed to pay the AFA a total of $15.0 million, of which $7.5 million was paid in connection with the execution of the Agreement, and the remaining $7.5 million will be paid before the games are played. In addition, pursuant to the Agreement, SouthGilmore agreed to assume the costs and obligations related to stadium charges, security, ticketing and all other matters generally related to the organization of the games. The Company has agreed to fund 50% of the payments due from SouthGilmore to the AFA pursuant to the Agreement. In April 2024, the AFA confirmed to SouthGilmore that it was rescheduling the previously scheduled matches, which the AFA and SouthGilmore now plan to hold between October 2025 and March 2026 in the territory of the Asian Football Association.
We entered into an agreement with The Education Group (London) Ltd whereby we agreed to recruit students from China for admission to the University of the West of Scotland. We have also been operating as a recruiting agent for admission to Coventry University for the 2021-2022 academic year.
QHI develops specific education goals and plans for each student enrolled in our program and provides a safe and structured environment and support services so that students can focus most of their attention on academic studies.
QHI’s mission is to provide our students with a reliable and comprehensive support system to fulfill their dreams of studying abroad. It strives to accomplish that by offering students and parents a one-stop destination for international study needs. QHI maintains an office in the United States and works with a business partner in the PRC. Our U.S. office is mainly responsible for providing study abroad and post-study services, which include, among others, student dormitory management, academic guidance, international student services, student catering services, student transfer application services, internship and employment guidance. QHI’s business partner in China is Renda Financial Education Technology Co., Ltd. (Renda), which is located in Beijing. Its main business includes development and cooperation of the Chinese study market, language testing, student application, visa service, pre-departure training, pick-up arrangements, or any other accommodation arrangements as may be required.
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QHI focuses on all stages of the study abroad process and aims to provide the best services available to ensure that every student successfully completes the university application, and travel and settlement processes. It accomplishes this by offering a one-stop solution for these needs.
Geographic Scope of Our Operations
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, our study body consisted of both domestic and international students, while most of our customers were still Chinese residents. Furthermore, the Company is expanding to other international markets through Davis University and EduGlobal College, and believes that in the next fiscal year, more students from countries other than China will join our programs.
On July 24, 2021, a China government policy called “Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Extracurricular Training for Students in Compulsory Education.” This policy states that tutoring of core subjects, including Chinese, English and math, are not allowed on weekends or during the summer and winter months when school is out. In addition, Chinese education firms are no longer allowed to publicly list, raise foreign capital or be a for-profit company. Although we market our services to students in China, our business operations are primarily in the U.S. We do not engage in the after school tutoring in China.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 43 full-time and 17 part-time employees, of which 39 were located in the U.S., 17 were located in Canada, and 4 were located in Sri Lanka.
Neither we, nor our subsidiaries, are required to obtain any permission or approval from Chinese authorities to operate our business or to offer the securities being registered to foreign investors. In addition, neither we, nor our subsidiaries, have received any permissions from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) or any other governmental agency, as we do not believe our operations require any such permissions or approvals. There can be no assurance, however, that regulators in China will not take a contrary view or will not subsequently require us to undergo the approval procedures and subject us to penalties for non-compliance. The foregoing statements are based on our management’s understanding and belief and we have determined not to seek an opinion of local counsel to verify such understanding and belief. We made this decision based on the types of activities we conduct in China, which do not believe raises any issues under Chinese law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we, our subsidiaries, and investors in our securities would be materially harmed if (i) we do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, (ii) we inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future.
Most of our revenue is remitted to us in U.S. dollars, and all the bank accounts owned by us, other than those owned by Richmond Institute of Languages (RIL) located in British Columbia, Canada, are located in Ohio. The rest of our revenue is remitted to RIL in Canadian dollars, and the bank accounts owned by RIL are located in British Columbia, Canada. There are no restrictions on our ability to transfer cash between us, our Ohio-based subsidiaries and our Canadian subsidiary, and investors. The typical structure of cash flows through our organization is as follows: (i) our subsidiaries, which conduct our operations, receive cash from our operations; and (ii) to the extent EpicQuest requires cash for its expenses, the subsidiaries satisfy such obligations through intercompany loans made to EpicQuest. QHI and Davis, which are our only subsidiaries that conduct any business in China, do so through their business partners in China, Renda Financial Education Technology Co., Ltd. and Wenfeng Shenghe Study Abroad Service Co. Ltd.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) could subject us to a number of prohibitions, restrictions and potential delisting if either we or our auditor was designated as a “Commission-Identified Issuer” or an auditor listed on an HFCAA determination list, respectively. Pursuant to the HFCAA, on December 16, 2021, the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) issued a report relaying to the SEC its determinations that PCAOB was unable to completely inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong due to positions taken by Chinese authorities. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB entered into a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, establishing arrangements for conducting inspections and investigations by both sides over relevant audit firms within the jurisdiction of both sides, including the audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong. This agreement marked significant step towards resolving the audit oversight issues and set forth the framework for cooperation, including the purpose, scope, and protection of certain data.
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Our independent registered public accounting firm is based in the United States and not subject to such determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced it had obtained full access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, effectively reversing its prior determination.
As of the date hereof, our auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, is not among the auditor firms listed on the HFCAA determination list, which list notes all of the auditor firms that the PCAOB is not able to inspect. However, trading in our securities on any U.S. stock exchange or the U.S. over-the-counter market may be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB issues a new determination and it also determines that it cannot inspect the work papers prepared by our auditor and that as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities. See “Risk Factors— We could be delisted if it is determined that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely” for more information.
Cash Flows through Our Organization; Dividends and Distributions
The typical structure of cash flows through our organization is as follows: (i) our subsidiaries, which conduct our operations, receive cash from our operations; (ii) to the extent EpicQuest requires cash for its expenses, the subsidiaries satisfy such obligations through intercompany loans made to EpicQuest.
Neither EpicQuest nor any subsidiary has paid any dividends or made any distributions to any other entity. In addition, neither EpicQuest nor any subsidiary has made any dividends or distributions made to U.S. investors.
As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries has declared or paid any dividends or made any distributions to EpicQuest, nor does any of them have intention to do so. As of the date of this prospectus, EpicQuest has not declared any dividend and does not have a plan to declare a dividend to its shareholders.
To the extent cash in the business is in the PRC or a PRC entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations by the PRC government on our ability or our subsidiaries’ ability to transfer cash.
We currently do not have cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred between us, our subsidiaries or investors.
Competition
The competition for the North American educational market has intensified in recent years with more participants entering the market. Our competition generally includes:
| ● | Chinese recruiting offices of the top 100 ranked US universities. |
| ● | International education groups such as Shorelight, Study Group, INTO, ELS, ICM Manitoba International College and the like that provide language courses. |
| ● | Foreign universities wishing to establish partnerships with domestic institutions or to recruit from Chinese university level international classes. |
We have a university recruiting office, international education group, study-abroad consultants and a training institution in the U.S. which allows us to serve a multitude of functions throughout the supply chain. We believe we offer superior services during and after students’ studies abroad as compared with the services offered by individual study abroad agents. Similarly, we believe that our commission rates and guidance services set us apart from foreign university recruiting offices.
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Recent Developments
Nasdaq Delinquency Notification Letters
On June 24, 2024, the Company received a delinquency notification letter (the “2024 Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not currently in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq’s Listing Rules for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as the closing bid price for the Company’s ordinary shares listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. The 2024 Letter provided that the Company had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the 2024 Letter, or until December 23, 2024, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. On December 24, 2024, Nasdaq granted a 180-day extension. On January 8, 2025, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company had regained with the minimum bid requirement under Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The notice indicated that as a result of the closing bid price of the Company’s ordinary shares having been at $1.00 per share or greater for 20 consecutive business days, from December 9, 2024, to January 7, 2025, the Company had regained compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement and the matter had been closed.
On March 7, 2025, the Company received a delinquency notification letter (the “2025 Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not currently in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq’s Listing Rules for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as the closing bid price for the Company’s common shares listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. The 2025 Letter provided that the Company had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the 2025 Letter, or until September 1, 2025, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. If at any time before September 1, 2025, the bid price of the Company’s common shares closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide written confirmation of compliance to the Company. In the event that the Company does not regain compliance by September 1, 2025, the Company may be eligible for additional time to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held common shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, except for the minimum bid price requirement. In addition, the Company would be required to notify Nasdaq of its intent to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period.
On September 2, 2025, the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notified the Company that it is eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until March 2, 2026, to regain compliance.
2025 Private Placement
On May 27, 2025, we consummated pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “2025 Purchase Agreement”) an offering with certain accredited investors for the sale by the Company of (i) 4,500,000 common shares of the Company, par value $0.0016 per share and (ii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,500,000 common shares (referred to herein as the “May Warrants”), in a private placement offering (the “2025 Private Placement”). The combined purchase price of one common share and accompanying Warrants was $0.40.
Subject to certain ownership limitations, the May Warrants are exercisable upon issuance. Each May Warrant is exercisable into one common share at a price per share of $0.48 (as adjusted from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof) and will expire on the first anniversary of the date of issuance.
The gross proceeds to the Company from the 2025 Private Placement are $1.8 million, before deducting offering expenses, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the May Warrants. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes.
The common shares, the May Warrants, and the common shares issuable upon exercise of the May Warrants were sold and issued without registration under the Securities Act, in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions not involving a public offering and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act as sales to accredited investors.
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August Offering
On August 25, 2025, we entered into certain securities purchase agreements (the “August Purchase Agreements”) with institutional investors for an offering (the “August Offering”) of 5,068,494 ordinary shares at a price of $0.73 per share. The August Offering was consummated on August 26, 2025. In connection with the August Offering, we entered into a Placement Agency Agreement dated August 25, 2025 (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) with FT Global to act as exclusive placement agent for the August Offering. We paid the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds raised in the August Offering. In addition, we issued the August Placement Agent Warrants to purchase 253,425 ordinary shares to the Placement Agent’s designees as additional compensation. The August Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $0.73 per share.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located in Middletown, Ohio at 1209 N. University Blvd., Middletown, OH 45042; our telephone number at those offices is +1 513-649-8350. The Company’s website is as follows: http://www.epicquesteducation.com. Information contained on, or available through, our website does not constitute part of, and is not deemed incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
China Related Risks Factors
| ● | Recent regulatory developments in China may subject us to additional regulatory review and disclosure requirement, expose us to government interference, or otherwise restrict our ability to offer securities and raise capital outside China, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and the value of our securities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China - Recent regulatory developments in China may subject us to additional regulatory review and disclosure requirement, or expose us to government interference, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.” |
| ● | The PRC government has significant influence over companies with operations in China by enforcing existing rules and regulation, adopting new ones, or changing relevant industrial policies in a manner that may materially increase our compliance cost, change relevant industry landscape or otherwise cause significant changes to our business operations in China, which could result in material and adverse changes in our operations and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China - The PRC government has significant influence over companies with operations in China by enforcing existing rules and regulation, adopting new ones, or changing relevant industrial policies in a manner that may materially increase our compliance cost, change relevant industry landscape or otherwise cause significant changes to our business operations in China, which could result in material and adverse changes in our operations and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.” |
| ● | Rules and regulations in China can change quickly, with little advance notice, creating substantial uncertainty. Changes in the PRC legal system may adversely affect our business and operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China - Rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice, creating substantial uncertainty. Changes in the PRC legal system may adversely affect our business and operations.” |
| ● | To the extent cash in our business is in the PRC or a PRC entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of our Company, or our subsidiaries, by the PRC government to transfer cash See “Risk Factors— Risks Related to Doing Business in China —To the extent cash in the business is in the PRC or a PRC entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of our Company, or our subsidiaries, by the PRC government to transfer cash.” |
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| ● | In addition, the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China – The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations at any time or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in the operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale. Additionally, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.” |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China” for additional risk factors related to doing business in China.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, enacted in April 2012, and may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
| ● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our filings with the SEC; |
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We may take advantage of these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering (the “IPO”) or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. However, if certain events occur before the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company before the end of such five-year period.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and acknowledge such election is irrevocable pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act.
Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer Status
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
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As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and |
| ● | we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
Securities Being Offered
We may offer and sell common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants and/or units comprising any combination of these securities, in any combination from time to time in one or more offerings, at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The debt securities and warrants may be convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our shares or other securities. The aggregate initial offering price of all securities sold by us under this prospectus will not exceed US$75,000,000. We may sell these securities directly to you, through underwriters, dealers or agents we select, or through a combination of these methods. We will describe the plan of distribution for any particular offering of these securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. This prospectus may not be used to sell our securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
U.S. securities laws currently limit the value of securities that we may sell under this prospectus. For such time as our “public float”—measured as the value of our common share price (as of a date within 60 days before the date of the sale) times the number of common shares held by non-affiliates—is less than $75.0 million, existing law limits the value of securities that we can sell under this prospectus at one-third of our “public float”, less prior amounts sold through prior primary offerings of securities on Form F-3 within the past 12 months. The public float is measured at the time of sale, and will necessarily change with the value of our common share price and the number of common shares held by non-affiliates. The aggregate value of securities that we are able to sell is therefore highly contingent on our share price.
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Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described below and under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, as updated by our subsequent filings, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before deciding whether to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations.
Risks Related to Our Securities
We may not be able to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market in order to maintain the listing of our common shares.
On June 24, 2024, the Company received a delinquency notification letter (the “2024 Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not currently in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq’s Listing Rules for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as the closing bid price for the Company’s ordinary shares listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. The 2024 Letter provided that the Company had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the 2024 Letter, or until December 23, 2024, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. On December 24, 2024, Nasdaq granted a 180-day extension. On January 8, 2025, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company had regained with the minimum bid requirement under Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The notice indicated that as a result of the closing bid price of the Company’s ordinary shares having been at $1.00 per share or greater for 20 consecutive business days, from December 9, 2024, to January 7, 2025, the Company had regained compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement and the matter had been closed.
On March 7, 2025, the Company received a delinquency notification letter (the “2025 Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not currently in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq’s Listing Rules for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as the closing bid price for the Company’s common shares listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. The 2025 Letter provided that the Company had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the 2025 Letter, or until September 1, 2025, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. If at any time before September 1, 2025, the bid price of the Company’s common shares closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide written confirmation of compliance to the Company. In the event that the Company does not regain compliance by September 1, 2025, the Company may be eligible for additional time to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held common shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, except for the minimum bid price requirement. In addition, the Company would be required to notify Nasdaq of its intent to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period.
On September 2, 2025, the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notified the Company that it is eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until March 2, 2026, to regain compliance.
If we fail to satisfy one or more of the requirements, we may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market.
We could be delisted if it is determined that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely.
Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and applicable professional standards. Our independent registered public accounting firm is currently subject to PCAOB inspections on a regular basis. However, if it is determined in the future that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, or if our future audit reports are prepared by auditors that are not completely inspected by the PCAOB, our common shares may be delisted or trading in our ordinary shares may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or HFCAA.
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The lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work in foreign countries prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures. As a result, investors would be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections. The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) was enacted on December 18, 2020, to address concerns over lack of access to audit records of foreign companies. The HFCAA requires the SEC to prohibit trading of securities of any foreign issuer if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate the company’s auditor for three consecutive years. This prohibition applies to both exchanges and over-the-counter markets. Beginning in 2021, foreign issuers may be designated as “Commission-Identified Issuers” if they retain such an auditor, and if identified for three consecutive years, may be subject to delisting. We could face such consequences if either we or our auditor are designated accordingly.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report relaying to the SEC its determinations that PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong due to positions taken by Chinese authorities. Because our independent registered public accounting firm is based in the United States, it is not subject to the PCAOB’s December 16, 2021 determinations. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB entered into a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, establishing arrangements for conducting inspections and investigations of relevant audit firms in both jurisdictions. This agreement marked a significant step toward resolving audit oversight issues and set forth the framework for cooperation, including the purpose, scope, and protection of certain data. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced it had obtained full access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, effectively reversing its prior determination. As a result of the PCAOB’s decision to vacate its previous determinations, there are currently no issuers at risk of trading prohibitions under the HFCAA unless the PCAOB issues a new determination. On December 29, 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (AHFCAA), which amended the HFCAA to reduce the number of “non-inspection years” from three to two. As a result, the SEC is now required to prohibit trading of an issuer’s securities on national securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter market if the issuer is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years, rather than three.
If, notwithstanding the foregoing, it is determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, the trading in our common shares would be prohibited, and as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our common shares. Delisting of our common shares would force holders of our common shares to sell their shares. The market price of our common shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of these executive or legislative actions upon, as well as negative investor sentiment towards, companies with significant business in China that are listed in the United States, regardless of whether these executive or legislative actions are implemented and regardless of our actual operating performance.
As of the date hereof, our auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, is not among the auditor firms listed on the HFCAA determination list, which list notes all of the auditor firms that the PCAOB is not able to inspect. However, trading in our securities on any U.S. stock exchange or the U.S. over-the-counter market may be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB issues a new determination and it also determines that it cannot inspect the work papers prepared by our auditor and that as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
China regulates education services extensively and we may be subject to government actions if our programs do not comply with PRC laws.
Violation of PRC laws, rules or regulations pertaining to education and related activities may result in penalties, including fines. We endeavor to comply with such requirements by requesting relevant documents from our program participants. However, we cannot assure you that violations or alleged violations of such requirements will not occur with respect to our operations. If the relevant PRC governmental agencies determine that our programs violate any applicable laws, rules or regulations, we could be subject to penalties. While we have and continue to engage in strategies to mitigate this risk by diversifying our marketing efforts and focusing on Southeast Asian markets, there is no assurance that such efforts will be successful in mitigating such risks faced by the Company.
Recent regulatory developments in China may subject us to additional regulatory review and disclosure requirement, or expose us to government interference, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.
We may need to adjust our business operations in the future to comply with PRC laws regulating our industry and our business operations. However, such efforts may not be completed in a liability-free manner or at all. We cannot guarantee that we will not be subject to PRC regulatory inspection and/or review relating to cybersecurity, especially when there remains significant uncertainty as to the scope and manner of the regulatory enforcement. If we become subject to regulatory inspection and/or review by PRC authorities, or are required by them to take any specific actions, it could cause disruptions to our operations, result in negative publicity regarding our company, and divert our managerial and financial resources. We may also be subject to fines or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations at any time or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in the operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale. Additionally, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
Substantially all of our revenue is currently derived in China through Davis University and, historically, a portion of our operations have been conducted in China by QHI and Davis through their business partners in China, Renda Financial Education Technology Co., Ltd. and Wenfeng Shenghe Study Abroad Co. Ltd. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are influenced by economic, political and legal developments in China, especially the government policies of PRC government. The PRC government has significant oversight and authority to exert influence on the ability of a China-based company to conduct the business. It regulates and may intervene or influence the operations at any time, which could result in a material adverse change in the operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale. Implementation of any industry-wide regulations directly targeting our business operations could cause our securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. Also, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such actions could also materially and adversely affect the business, prospects, financial condition, reputation, and the trading price of our common shares, which may cause our securities to significantly decline in value or be worthless. Therefore, investors in our company face potential uncertainty from the actions taken by the PRC government.
Moreover, the significant oversight of the PRC government could also be reflected from the uncertainties arising from the legal system in China. The laws and regulations of the PRC can change quickly without sufficient notice in advance, which makes it difficult for us to predict which kind of laws and regulations will come into force in the future and how it will influence our company and operations. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
The PRC government has significant influence over companies with operations in China by enforcing existing rules and regulation, adopting new ones, or changing relevant industrial policies in a manner that may materially increase our compliance cost, change relevant industry landscape or otherwise cause significant changes to our business operations in China, which could result in material and adverse changes in our operations and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
Our customers have historically been located within China. The PRC government has significant influence over operations in China by any company by allocating resources, providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies, or imposing industry-wide policies on certain industries. The PRC government may also amend or enforce existing rules and regulation, or adopt ones, which could materially increase our compliance cost, change the relevant industry landscape, or cause significant changes to our business operations in China. In addition, the PRC regulatory system is based in part on government policies and internal guidance, some of which are not published on a timely basis, or at all, and some of which may even have a retroactive effect. We may not be aware of all non-compliance incidents at all times, and we may face regulatory investigation, fines and other penalties as a consequence. As a result of the changes in the industrial policies of the PRC government, including the amendment to and/or enforcement of the related laws and regulations, companies with operations in China, including us, and the industries in which we operate, face significant compliance and operational risks and uncertainties. For example, on July 24, 2021, Chinese state media, including Xinhua News Agency and China Central Television, announced a broad set of reforms targeting private education companies providing after-school tutoring services and prohibiting foreign investments in institutions providing such after-school tutoring services. As a result, the market value of certain U.S. listed companies with China-based operations in the affected sectors declined substantially. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any similar regulations that may be adopted to significantly curtail our business operations in China. However, if such other adverse regulations or policies are adopted in China, our operations in China will be materially and adversely affected, which may significantly disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business.
We may be subject to anti-monopoly concerns as a result of our doing business in China.
Article 3 of Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Anti-Monopoly Law”) prohibits “monopolistic practices,” which include: a) the conclusion of monopoly agreements between operators; b) the abuse of dominant market position by operators; and c) concentration of undertakings which has or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting market competition. Also, according to Article 19 of the Anti-Monopoly Law, the operator(s) will be assumed to have a dominant market position if it has following situation: a) an operator has 50% or higher market share in a relevant market; b) two operators have 66% or higher market share in a relevant market; or c) three operators have 75% or higher market share in a relevant market. We do not believe we have engaged in any monopolistic practices in China, and that recent statements and regulatory actions by the Chinese government do not impact our ability to conduct business, accept foreign investments, or list on an U.S. or other foreign stock exchange. However, there can be no assurance that regulators in China will not promulgate new laws and regulations or adopt new series of regulatory actions which may require us to meet new requirements on the issues mentioned above.
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Rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice, creating substantial uncertainty. Changes in the PRC legal system may adversely affect our business and operations.
Our customers have historically been located in the PRC and therefore we are subject to the laws and regulations of the PRC. The PRC legal system is based on the written statutes and involves a unified, multilevel legislative system. The National People’s Congress (the “NPC”) and its Standing Committee exercise the state power to make laws. The NPC enacts and amends basic laws pertaining to criminal offences, civil affairs, state organs and other matters. The Standing Committee enacts and amends all laws except for basic laws that should be enacted by the NPC. When the NPC is not in session, its Standing Committee may partially supplement and revise laws enacted by the NPC, provided that the changes do not contravene the laws’ basic principles. Generally, the PRC laws will go through specific legislative procedures before being promulgated. The legislative authority may propose a bill and then the bill shall be deliberated three times before being voted. However, administrative regulations are formulated by the State Council which reports them to the NPC. The administration regulations are often promulgated with little advance notice, which results in a lack of predictability, and substantial uncertainty. Moreover, the uncertainties may fundamentally impact the development of one or more specific industries and in extreme cases result in the termination of certain businesses. For example, the Opinions on Further Easing the Burden of Excessive Homework and After-School Tutoring for Students Undergoing Compulsory Education, known as “double reduction” education policy, was promulgated by General Office of the CPC Central Committee and General Office of the State Council on July 24, 2021. The “double reduction” education policy comes into effective immediately and has posed a significant impact on the education and training industries, as well as those China-based companies listed in the United States. The resulting unpredictable could materially and adversely affects the market value and the operation of the businesses affected.
Furthermore, the PRC administrative authorities and courts have the power to interpret and implement or enforce statutory rules and contractual terms at their reasonable discretion which makes the business environment much more complicated and unpredictable. It is difficult to predict the outcome of the administrative and court proceedings. The uncertainties may affect our assessments of the relevance of legal requirements, and our business decisions. Such uncertainties may result in substantial operating expenses and costs. Should there be any investigations, arbitrations or litigation with respect to our alleged non-compliance with statutory rules and contractual terms, the management team could be distracted from our primary business considerations, and therefore such a circumstance could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. We cannot predict future developments relating to the laws, regulations and rules in the PRC. We may be required to procure additional permits, authorizations and approvals for our operations, which we may not be able to obtain. Our failure to obtain such permits, authorizations and approvals may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and the results of operations.
Neither we, nor our subsidiaries, have received any permits, authorizations and approvals from any governmental agency, as we do not believe our operations require any such permissions or approvals. There can be no assurance, however, that regulators in China will not take a contrary view or will not subsequently require us to undergo the approval procedures and subject us to penalties for non-compliance. The foregoing statements are based on our management’s belief and we have determined not to seek an opinion of local counsel to verify our management’s belief. We made this decision based on the types of activities we conduct in China, which do not believe raises any issues under Chinese law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we, our subsidiaries, and investors in our securities would be materially harmed if (i) we do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, (ii) we inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future.
To the extent cash in the business is in the PRC or a PRC entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of our Company, or our subsidiaries, by the PRC government to transfer cash.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of the PRC. If, in the future, we maintain cash in the PRC, shortages in foreign currencies may restrict our ability to pay dividends or other payments, or otherwise satisfy any foreign currency denominated obligations, if any. Approval from appropriate government authorities is required if Renminbi is converted into foreign currency and remitted out of the PRC to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may, at its discretion, impose restrictions on access to foreign currencies for current account transactions and if this occurs in the future, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.
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As a result of the above, to the extent cash in the business is in the PRC or a PRC entity, such funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC, due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us, or our subsidiaries, by the government to the transfer of cash.
Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.
Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole. China’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. The PRC government has implemented measures since the late 1970’s emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, which are generally viewed as a positive development for foreign business investment. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over the PRC economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payments of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. For example, as a result of China’s current nationwide anti-corruption campaign, public school spending has become strictly regulated. To comply with the expenditure control policies of the Chinese government, many public universities temporarily reduced their self-taught education spending in 2017. This caused the demand for our courses in 2017 to decrease. If our clients continue to reduce their demand for our services due to the policies of the Chinese government, this could adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
While China’s economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing. Some of the governmental measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. Any stimulus measures designed to boost the Chinese economy may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. For example, certain operating costs and expenses, such as employee compensation and office operating expenses, may increase as a result of higher inflation. In addition, the PRC government has implemented in the past certain measures to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by a downturn in the global or Chinese economy.
Because our student enrollment may depend on our students’ and potential students’ and their parents’ levels of disposable income, perceived job prospects and willingness to spend, our business and prospects may be affected by economic conditions in China or globally. The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession; and since 2020 the world economy has been facing the challenges related to the global COVID-19 pandemic, including supply chain challenges and inflationary pressures. The recovery from the lows of 2008 and 2009 was uneven and is continuously facing new challenges, including the escalation of the European sovereign debt crisis since 2011 and the slowdown of the Chinese economy in 2012. In addition, the global recovery from the lows in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic remain slow and inconsistent. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. A decline in the economic prospects in the mechanics and other industries could alter current or prospective students’ spending priorities and the recruiting demand from workers in these areas. We cannot assure you that education spending in general or with respect to our course offerings in particular will increase, or not decrease, from current levels. Therefore, a slowdown in China’s economy or the global economy may lead to a reduction in demand for mechanics or other training covered by our courses, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
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The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic and geopolitical conditions. Changes in U.S.-China trade policies, and a number of other economic and geopolitical factors both in China and abroad could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Such factors may include, without limitation:
| ● | instability in political or economic conditions, including but not limited to inflation, recession, foreign currency exchange restrictions and devaluations, restrictive governmental controls on transportation, visas issued to citizens of other countries, the movement and repatriation of earnings and capital, and actual or anticipated military or political conflicts, particularly in emerging markets; |
| ● | intergovernmental conflicts or actions, including but not limited to armed conflict, trade wars, retaliatory tariffs, and acts of terrorism or war; and |
| ● | interruptions to the Company’s business with its largest customers, distributors and suppliers resulting from but not limited to, strikes, financial instabilities, computer malfunctions or cybersecurity incidents, inventory excesses, natural disasters or other disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes or explosions. |
We could be adversely affected by political tensions between the United States and China.
Political tensions between the United States and China have escalated due to, among other things, the COVID-19 outbreak, the PRC National People’s Congress’ passage of the Hong Kong National Security Law, sanctions imposed by the U.S. Department of Treasury on certain officials of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the central government of the PRC, as well as the executive orders could have adverse effect on our operations. Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trade, investments, technological exchanges and other economic activities between the two major economies, which would have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, there have been recent media reports on deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. If any such deliberations were to materialize, the resulting legislation may have a material and adverse impact on the stock performance of China-based issuers listed in the United States. We cannot assure you that, if the political tension between the United States and China intensifies and further regulations affecting our business are passed, our business will not be materially and adversely affected.
Our business is highly dependent on the ability of international students to obtain admission to, and maintain enrollment in, U.S. colleges and universities. This process is fundamentally reliant on the U.S. government’s immigration policies, including the issuance and maintenance of student visas, as well as the regulatory environment governing international student presence in the United States. Recent and ongoing changes in U.S. government rules and restrictions present significant risks that could materially and adversely affect our operations, financial condition, and results of operations.
The U.S. government has recently implemented, and may continue to implement, policies that increase scrutiny of international student visa applicants and holders. These include, but are not limited to: (i) suspension and delay of visa processing, (ii) expanded social media and background checks, and (iii) revocation of existing visas and SEVIS records.
Recent policy announcements have indicated a willingness to target students from specific countries, including China, or those studying in so-called “critical fields.” Such targeted restrictions may include aggressive revocation of visas, heightened vetting, or outright bans on enrollment for certain populations. These actions could significantly reduce the pool of eligible students and disrupt established partnerships with foreign institutions.
The U.S. government has also demonstrated a willingness to impose sanctions on specific universities, including revoking their ability to enroll international students or cutting federal research funding. Such actions may be based on alleged non-compliance with information requests, perceived ties to foreign governments, or other policy considerations. If universities lose their certification to host international students, our clients may be unable to enroll or continue their studies, and our company may lose key institutional partners.
The legal landscape for international students is currently in flux. This uncertainty complicates our ability to provide reliable guidance to students and institutions, increases the risk of non-compliance, and may expose our company to legal liability or reputational harm if students are unable to complete their studies as planned.
The evolving and often unpredictable nature of U.S. government rules and restrictions on international students presents significant risks to our business model. We may be unable to anticipate or mitigate the full impact of these changes, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to assist international students with enrollment in U.S. institutions, as well as our overall financial performance and strategic objectives. We continue to monitor regulatory developments closely and adapt our operations as necessary, but there can be no assurance that future changes will not have a material adverse effect on our company.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). These statements relate to future events concerning our business and to our future revenues, operating results and financial condition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “predict,” “propose,” “potential” or “continue,” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology.
Any forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are only estimates or predictions of future events based on information currently available to our management and management’s current beliefs about the potential outcome of future events. Whether these future events will occur as management anticipates, whether we will achieve our business objectives, and whether our revenues, operating results or financial condition will improve in future periods are subject to numerous risks. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated by these forward-looking statements. These important factors include those that we discuss under the heading “Risk Factors” and in other sections of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the SEC, as well as in our other reports filed from time to time with the SEC that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should read these factors and the other cautionary statements made in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus or the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
OFFERING STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMELINE
We may sell from time to time pursuant to this prospectus (as may be detailed in an applicable prospectus supplement) an indeterminate number of common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants and/or units comprising any combination of these securities, as shall have a maximum aggregate offering price of $75 million. The actual price per share of the ordinary shares that we will offer, or per security of the securities that we will offer, pursuant hereto will depend on a number of factors that may be relevant as of the time of offer. See “Plan of Distribution.”
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
Our capitalization will be set forth in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus or in a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K subsequently furnished to the SEC and specifically incorporated herein by reference.
Unless otherwise indicated in an accompanying prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of securities by our Company under this prospectus will be used for:
We intend to use the remaining net proceeds from this offering for:
| ● | working capital purposes; |
| ● | expanding existing businesses or acquiring or investing in businesses; |
| ● | debt reduction or debt refinancing; |
| ● | capital expenditures; and |
| ● | other general corporate purposes. |
Although we intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for the foregoing purposes, the planned expenditures may change significantly and may not be in the order of priority as indicated above. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of any net proceeds. Pending use of any net proceeds, we would expect to invest any proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, including short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.
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The holders of our common shares are entitled to dividends out of funds legally available when and as declared by our board of directors. Our board of directors has never declared a dividend and does not anticipate declaring a dividend in the foreseeable future. Should we decide in the future to pay dividends, as a holding company, our ability to do so and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. In addition, our operating companies may, from time to time, be subject to restrictions on their ability to make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars or other hard currency and other regulatory restrictions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common shares are entitled to receive, ratably, the net assets available to shareholders after payment of all creditors.
We were incorporated as a BVI business company under the BVI Business Companies Act (as amended) (the “BVI Act”) on December 13, 2017, under the name “Elite Education Group International Limited.” On July 26, 2022, we changed our name to EpicQuest Education Group International Limited.
We may issue from time to time, in one or more offerings, common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants and/or units comprising any combination of these securities. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement a description of debt securities and warrants, and, in certain cases, the shares that may be offered under this prospectus. The terms of the offering of securities, the initial offering price and the net proceeds to us will be contained in the prospectus supplement, and other offering material, relating to such offer. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and any supplement before you invest in any of our securities.
Description of Share Capital and Memorandum and Articles of Association
On October 25, 2020, our Board of Directors and shareholders approved a 1-for-0.63 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares, which became effective on November 11, 2020. On October 21, 2024, our Board of Directors and shareholders approved the creation of a preferred share class, which became effective on November 14, 2024. On September 6, 2025, our Board of Directors approved an amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, which was then filed with the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the BVI on September 22, 2025, increasing maximum number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance thereunder from 31,500,000 ordinary shares to 970,000,000 ordinary shares.
As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue a maximum of (i) 970,000,000 ordinary shares (also referred to herein as common shares) with a par value of $0.0016 each and (ii) 10,000,000 preferred shares with a par value of US$0.0016 each. The following are summaries of the material provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association as amended and restated on September 6, 2025, and filed with the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the BVI on September 22, 2025 (as amended, the “Memorandum and Articles of Association”); a copy of these documents are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. These summaries do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Description of Ordinary Shares (Common Shares)
All of our issued common shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates evidencing the common shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the British Virgin Islands may freely hold and vote their common shares.
Distributions
The holders of our common shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the BVI Act.
Voting rights
Any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders must be effected at a duly called meeting of the shareholders entitled to vote on such action or may be effected by a resolution in writing. At each meeting of shareholders, each shareholder who is present in person or by proxy (or, in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative) will have one vote for each common share that such shareholder holds.
Election of directors
Delaware law permits cumulative voting for the election of directors only if expressly authorized in the certificate of incorporation. The laws of the British Virgin Islands, however, do not specifically prohibit or restrict the creation of cumulative voting rights for the election of our directors. Cumulative voting is not a concept that is accepted as a common practice in the British Virgin Islands, and we have made no provisions in our Memorandum and Articles of Association to allow cumulative voting for elections of directors.
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Meetings
We must provide written notice of all meetings of shareholders, stating the time, date and place at least 7 days before the date of the proposed meeting to those persons whose names appear as shareholders in the register of members on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting. Our board of directors shall call a meeting of shareholders upon the written request of shareholders holding at least 30% of our outstanding voting common shares. In addition, our board of directors may call a meeting of shareholders on its own motion. A meeting of shareholders may be called on short notice if at least 90% of the common shares entitled to vote on the matters to be considered at the meeting have waived notice of the meeting, and presence at the meeting shall be deemed to constitute waiver for this purpose.
At any meeting of shareholders, a quorum will be present if there are shareholders present in person or by proxy representing not less than 50% of the issued common shares entitled to vote on the resolutions to be considered at the meeting. Such quorum may be represented by only a single shareholder or proxy. If no quorum is present within two hours of the start time of the meeting, the meeting shall be dissolved if it was requested by shareholders. In any other case, the meeting shall be adjourned to the next business day, and if shareholders representing not less than one-third of the votes of the common shares or each class of common shares entitled to vote on the matters to be considered at the meeting are present within one hour of the start time of the adjourned meeting, a quorum will be present. If not, the meeting will be dissolved. No business may be transacted at any meeting of shareholders unless a quorum is present at the commencement of business. If present, the chair of our board of directors shall be the chair presiding at any meeting of the shareholders. If the chair of our board is not present then the shareholders present shall choose a shareholder to chair the meeting of the shareholders.
A corporation that is a shareholder shall be deemed for the purpose of our Memorandum and Articles of Association to be present in person if represented by its duly authorized representative. This duly authorized representative shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he represents as that corporation could exercise if it were our individual shareholder.
Protection of minority shareholders
The BVI Act offers some limited protection of minority shareholders. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may apply to the BVI court for an order directing the company or its director(s) to comply with, or restraining the company or a director from engaging in conduct that contravenes, the BVI Act or the company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association. Under the BVI Act, the minority shareholders have a statutory right to bring a derivative action in the name of and on behalf of the company in circumstances where a company has a cause of action against its directors. This remedy is available at the discretion of the BVI court. A shareholder may also bring an action against the company for breach of duty owed to him as a member. A shareholder who considers that the affairs of the company have been, are being or likely to be, conducted in a manner that is, or any act or acts of the company have been, or are, likely to be oppressive, unfairly discriminatory, or unfairly prejudicial to him in that capacity, may apply to the BVI court for an order to remedy the situation.
There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse to interfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairs by the majority or the Board of Directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to BVI law and the constituent documents of the company. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions of the company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, then the courts may grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are the following: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts that constitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe or are about to infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right to vote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a special or extra common majority of shareholders.
Pre-emptive rights
There are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the issue by us of new common shares under either BVI law or our Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Transfer of common shares
Subject to the restrictions in our Memorandum and Articles of Association and applicable securities laws, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her common shares by written instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and containing the name and address of the transferee. Our board of directors may resolve by resolution to refuse or delay the registration of the transfer of any share. If our board of directors resolves to refuse or delay any transfer, it shall specify the reasons for such refusal in the resolution. Our directors may not resolve or refuse or delay the transfer of a share unless the person transferring the common shares has failed to pay any amount due in respect of any of those common shares.
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Liquidation
As permitted by BVI law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, the company may be voluntarily liquidated by a resolution of shareholders or, if permitted under section 199(2) of the BVI Act, by a resolution of directors if we have no liabilities or we are able to pay our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets equals or exceeds our liabilities by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders.
Calls on common shares and forfeiture of common shares
Our board of directors may, on the terms established at the time of the issuance of such common shares or as otherwise agreed, make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their common shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time of payment. The common shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture. For the avoidance of doubt, if the issued common shares have been fully paid in accordance with the terms of its issuance and subscription, the directors shall not have the right to make calls on such fully paid common shares and such fully paid common shares shall not be subject to forfeiture.
Redemption of common shares
Subject to the provisions of the BVI Act, we may issue common shares on terms that are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our Memorandum and Articles of Association and subject to any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by, the BVI Act, the SEC, the Nasdaq Capital Market, or by any recognized stock exchange on which our securities are listed.
Modifications of rights
If at any time, the Company is authorized to issue more than one class of common shares, all or any of the rights attached to any class of common shares may be amended only with the consent in writing of or by a resolution passed at a meeting of not less than 50% of the common shares of the class to be affected.
Changes in the number of common shares we are authorized to issue and those in issue
We may from time to time by resolution of our board of directors or by a resolution of shareholders:
| ● | amend our memorandum of association to increase or decrease the maximum number of common shares we are authorized to issue; |
| ● | subject to our memorandum of association, divide our authorized and issued common shares into a larger number of common shares; and |
| ● | subject to our memorandum of association, combine our authorized and issued common shares into a smaller number of common shares. |
Untraceable shareholders
We are not entitled to sell the common shares of a shareholder who is untraceable.
Inspection of books and records
Under BVI Law, holders of our common shares are entitled, upon giving written notice to us, to inspect (i) our Memorandum and Articles of Association, (ii) the register of members, (iii) the register of directors and (iv) minutes of meetings and resolutions of members, and to make copies and take extracts from the documents and records. However, our directors can refuse access if they are satisfied that to allow such access would be contrary to our interests. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders
There are no limitations imposed by our Memorandum and Articles of Association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our common shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Memorandum and Articles of Association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Issuance of additional common shares
Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional common shares from authorized but unissued common shares, to the extent available, from time to time as our board of directors shall determine.
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Differences in Corporate Law
The BVI Act and the laws of the BVI affecting BVI companies like us and our shareholders differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the laws of the British Virgin Islands applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and similar arrangements
The BVI Act provides for mergers as that expression is understood under United States corporate law. Under the BVI Act, two or more companies may either merge into one of such existing companies (the “surviving company”) or consolidate with both existing companies ceasing to exist and forming a new company (the “consolidated company”). The procedure for a merger or consolidation between the company and another company (which need not be a British Virgin Islands company, and which may be the company’s parent or subsidiary, but need not be) is set out in the BVI Act. The directors of the British Virgin Islands company or British Virgin Islands companies which are to merge or consolidate must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which, with the exception of a merger between a parent company and its subsidiary, must also be approved by a resolution of a majority of the shareholders who are entitled to vote and actually vote at a quorate meeting of shareholders or by written resolution of the shareholders of the British Virgin Islands company or British Virgin Islands companies which are to merge. A foreign company which is able under the laws of its foreign jurisdiction to participate in the merger or consolidation is required by the BVI Act to comply with the laws of that foreign jurisdiction in relation to the merger or consolidation. The company must then execute articles of merger or consolidation, containing certain prescribed details. The plan and articles of merger or consolidation are then filed with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs in the British Virgin Islands. The Registrar then registers the articles of merger or consolidation and any amendment to the memorandum and articles of the surviving company in a merger or the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the new consolidated company in a consolidation and issue a certificate of merger or consolidation (which is conclusive evidence of compliance with all requirements of the BVI Act in respect of the merger or consolidation). The merger is effective on the date that the articles of merger are registered with the Registrar or on such subsequent date, not exceeding thirty days, as is stated in the articles of merger or consolidation.
As soon as a merger becomes effective: (a) the surviving company or consolidated company (so far as is consistent with its Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended or established by the articles of merger or consolidation) has all rights, privileges, immunities, powers, objects and purposes of each of the constituent companies; (b) in the case of a merger, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of any surviving company are automatically amended to the extent, if any, that changes to its amended Memorandum and Articles of Association are contained in the articles of merger or, in the case of a consolidation, the Memorandum and Articles of Association filed with the articles of consolidation are the memorandum and articles of the consolidated company; (c) assets of every description, including choses-in-action and the business of each of the constituent companies, immediately vest in the surviving company or consolidated company; (d) the surviving company or consolidated company is liable for all claims, debts, liabilities and obligations of each of the constituent companies; (e) no conviction, judgment, ruling, order, claim, debt, liability or obligation due or to become due, and no cause existing, against a constituent company or against any member, director, officer or agent thereof, is released or impaired by the merger or consolidation; and (f) no proceedings, whether civil or criminal, pending at the time of a merger by or against a constituent company, or against any member, director, officer or agent thereof, are abated or discontinued by the merger or consolidation; but: (i) the proceedings may be enforced, prosecuted, settled or compromised by or against the surviving company or consolidated company or against the member, director, officer or agent thereof; as the case may be; or (ii) the surviving company or consolidated company may be substituted in the proceedings for a constituent company. The Registrar shall strike off the register of companies each constituent company that is not the surviving company in the case of a merger and all constituent companies in the case of a consolidation.
If the directors determine it to be in the best interests of the company, it is also possible for a merger to be approved as a Court approved plan of arrangement or scheme of arrangement in accordance with the BVI Act. However, we do not anticipate the use of such statutory provisions because we expect the required terms of the initial business combination will be capable of being achieved through other means, such as a merger or consolidation (as described above), a share exchange, asset acquisition or control, through contractual arrangements, of an operating business.
Shareholders’ suits
There are both statutory and common law remedies available to our shareholders as a matter of British Virgin Islands law. These are summarized below.
Prejudiced members
A shareholder who considers that the affairs of the company have been, are being, or are likely to be, conducted in a manner that is, or any act or acts of the company have been, or are, likely to be oppressive, unfairly discriminatory or unfairly prejudicial to him in that capacity, can apply to the court under Section 184I of the BVI Act, inter alia, for an order that his common shares be acquired, that he be provided compensation, that the Court regulate the future conduct of the company, or that any decision of the company which contravenes the BVI Act or our Memorandum and Articles of Association be set aside. Section 184C of the BVI Act provides that a shareholder of a company may, with the leave of the Court, bring an action in the name of the company to redress any wrong done to it, i.e., derivate actions.
Just and equitable winding up
In addition to the statutory remedies outlined above, shareholders can also petition for the winding up of a company on the grounds that it is just and equitable for the court to so order. Save in exceptional circumstances, this remedy is only available where the company has been operated as a quasi-partnership and trust and confidence between the partners has broken down.
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Indemnification of directors and executive officers and limitation of liability
BVI law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any provision providing indemnification may be held by the BVI courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, we indemnify against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings for any person who:
| ● | is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that the person is or was our director; or |
| ● | is or was, at our request, serving as a director of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another body corporate or a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. |
These indemnities only apply if the person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Anti-takeover provisions in our Memorandum and Articles of Association
Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable. However, under BVI law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended and restated from time to time, as they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.
Directors’ fiduciary duties
Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction.
The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
Under BVI law, our directors owe the company certain statutory and fiduciary duties including, among others, a duty to act honestly, in good faith, for a proper purpose and with a view to what the directors believe to be in the best interests of the company. Our directors are also required, when exercising powers or performing duties as a director, to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in comparable circumstances, taking into account without limitation, the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the position of the director and the nature of the responsibilities undertaken. In the exercise of their powers, our directors must ensure neither they nor the company acts in a manner which contravenes the BVI Act or our Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended and restated from time to time. However, in some instances what would otherwise be a breach of this duty can be forgiven and/or authorized in advance by the shareholders provided that there is full disclosure by the directors. This can be done by way of permission granted in our Memorandum and Articles of Association or alternatively by shareholder approval at general meetings.
Shareholder action by written consent
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. BVI law provides that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a written resolution without a meeting signed by or on behalf of shareholders sufficient to constitute the requisite majority of shareholders who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting; provided that if the consent is less than unanimous, notice must be given to all non-consenting shareholders.
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Shareholder proposals
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. BVI law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association allow our shareholders holding not less than 30% of the votes of the outstanding voting common shares to requisition a shareholders’ meeting. We are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings, but our Memorandum and Articles of Association do permit the directors to call such a meeting. The location of any shareholders’ meeting can be determined by the board of directors and can be held anywhere in the world.
Cumulative voting
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. As permitted under BVI law, our Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of directors
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding common shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, directors can be removed from office, with or without cause, by a resolution of shareholders called for the purpose of removing the director or for purposes including the removal of the director or by written resolution passed by at least 75% of the votes of the shareholders of the Company. Directors can also be removed by a resolution of directors passed at a meeting of directors called for the purpose of removing the director or for purposes including the removal of the director.
Transactions with interested shareholders
The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting common shares within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware public corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors. BVI law has no comparable statute and our Memorandum and Articles of Association fails to expressly provide for the same protection afforded by the Delaware business combination statute.
Dissolution; Winding Up
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding common shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under the BVI Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, we may appoint a voluntary liquidator by a resolution of the shareholders.
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Variation of rights of common shares
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of common shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding common shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, if at any time our common shares are divided into different classes of common shares, the rights attached to any class may only be varied, whether or not our company is in liquidation, with the consent in writing of or by a resolution passed at a meeting by a majority of the votes cast by those entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of the issued common shares in that class.
Amendment of governing documents
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding common shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by BVI law, our Memorandum and Articles of Association may be amended by a resolution of shareholders and, subject to certain exceptions, by a resolution of directors. An amendment is effective from the date it is registered at the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the BVI.
Outstanding Warrants to purchase Common Shares
2024 Warrants - As part of a private placement completed on January 8, 2024, the Company issued warrants (the “2024 Warrants”) to certain accredited investors, allowing them to purchase up to an aggregate of 400,000 common shares of the Company. Each 2024 Warrant is exercisable for one ordinary share at an exercise price of $2.00 per share, subject to adjustment as specified in the warrant terms, and is immediately exercisable upon issuance, subject to certain ownership limitations. The 2024 Warrants will expire five years from the date of issuance. As of October 30, 2025, a total of 400,000 of the 2024 Warrants remained outstanding.
May Warrants – On May 27, 2025, we consummated pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement an offering with certain accredited investors for the sale by the Company of (i) 4,500,000 common shares and (ii) May Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,500,000 common shares in a private placement offering. Each May Warrant is exercisable into one common share at a price per share of $0.48 and will expire on May 27, 2026, the first anniversary of the date of issuance. As of October 30, 2025, all the May Warrants remained outstanding. See “2025 Private Placement” above for more information regarding the 2025 Private Placement and the May Warrants.
Placement Agent Warrants – On August 25, 2025, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with certain institutional investors for the sale of 5,068,494 ordinary shares at a price of $0.73 per share. The August Offering was consummated on August 26, 2025. In connection with the August Offering, the Company issued the August Placement Agent Warrants to purchase 253,425 ordinary shares to the designees of FT Global, the placement agent in the August Offering, as additional compensation. The August Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price of $0.73 per share and will expire on August 25, 2030. As of October 30, 2025, all the August Placement Agent Warrants remained outstanding. See “Recent Developments” for more information about the August Offering and the August Placement Agent Warrants.
Stock Transfer Agent
VStock Transfer is our company’s stock transfer agent. VStock’s contact information is VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598, tel. (212) 828-8436.
Preferred Shares
We are authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 preferred shares. Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes our board of directors to issue these preferred shares in one or more series and to determine all designations, relative rights, preference, and limitations of such preferred shares including but not limited to the following: designation of series and numbers of preferred shares, dividend rights, rights upon liquidation or distribution of assets of the Company, conversion or exchange rights, redemption provisions, sinking fund provisions, and voting rights.
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Our board of directors could, without shareholder approval, issue preferred shares with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of common shares, which could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company, or discouraging bids for the Company’s common shares or preferred shares at a premium over the market price of the common shares or preferred shares and may adversely affect the market price of the common shares or preferred shares.
As of October 30, 2025, our board of directors has not designated a series of preferred shares and no preferred shares are outstanding.
Description of Debt Securities
We may issue series of debt securities, which may include debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into common shares or preferred shares. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of that series in a supplement to this prospectus. The following description of debt securities will apply to the debt securities offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of debt securities may specify different or additional terms.
The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be secured or unsecured, and may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be issued under an indenture between us and the trustee under the indenture. The indenture may be qualified under, subject to, and governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. We have summarized selected portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form F-3, of which this prospectus is a part, and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you.
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and detailed or determined in the manner provided in a board of directors’ resolution, an officers’ certificate and by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to the series, including any pricing supplement.
We may issue any amount of debt securities under the indenture, which may be in one or more series with the same or different maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement, including any related pricing supplement, relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the initial offering price, the aggregate principal amount offered and the terms of the debt securities, including, among other things, the following:
the title of the debt securities;
| ● | the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities; |
| ● | any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities; |
| ● | the date or dates on which we will repay the principal on the debt securities and the right, if any, to extend the maturity of the debt securities; |
| ● | the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will be payable and any regular record date for any interest payment date; |
| ● | the place or places where the principal of, premium, and interest on the debt securities will be payable, and where the debt securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange; |
| ● | any obligation or right we have to redeem the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of holders of the debt securities or at our option, and the terms and conditions upon which we are obligated to or may redeem the debt securities; |
| ● | any obligation we have to repurchase the debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities, the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase the debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations; |
| ● | the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued; |
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| ● | whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities; |
| ● | the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount; |
| ● | the currency of denomination of the debt securities; |
| ● | the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made; |
| ● | if payments of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined; |
| ● | the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index; |
| ● | any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities; |
| ● | any addition to or change in the events of default described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities; |
| ● | any addition to or change in the covenants described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities; |
| ● | whether the debt securities will be senior or subordinated and any applicable subordination provisions; |
| ● | a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
| ● | any other terms of the debt securities, which may modify any provisions of the indenture as it applies to that series; and |
| ● | any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities. |
We may issue debt securities that are exchangeable for and/or convertible into common shares or preferred shares. The terms, if any, on which the debt securities may be exchanged and/or converted will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms may include provisions for exchange or conversion, which can be mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, and the manner in which the number of shares or other securities to be received by the holders of debt securities would be calculated.
We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S. federal income tax considerations, and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities, in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may issue debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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We may issue and offer warrants under the material terms and conditions described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. The accompanying prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the warrants as described in this prospectus.
General
We may issue warrants to purchase our common shares, preferred shares, or debt securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any securities and may be attached to or separate from those securities. The warrants will be issued under warrant agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all of which will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants we are offering. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not have any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
Equity Warrants
Each equity warrant issued by us will entitle its holder to purchase the equity securities designated at an exercise price set forth in, or to be determinable as set forth in, the related prospectus supplement. Equity warrants may be issued separately or together with equity securities.
The equity warrants are to be issued under equity warrant agreements to be entered into between us and one or more banks or trust companies, as equity warrant agent, as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus.
The particular terms of the equity warrants, the equity warrant agreements relating to the equity warrants and the equity warrant certificates representing the equity warrants will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:
| ● | the title of the equity warrants; |
| ● | the initial offering price; |
| ● | the aggregate amount of equity warrants and the aggregate amount of equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the equity warrants; |
| ● | the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable; |
| ● | if applicable, the designation and terms of the equity securities with which the equity warrants are issued, and the amount of equity warrants issued with each equity security; |
| ● | the date, if any, on and after which the equity warrants and the related equity security will be separately transferable; |
| ● | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the equity warrants that may be exercised at any one time; |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise the equity warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire; |
| ● | if applicable, a discussion of United States federal income tax, accounting or other considerations applicable to the equity warrants; |
| ● | anti-dilution provisions of the equity warrants, if any; |
| ● | redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the equity warrants; and |
| ● | any additional terms of the equity warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the equity warrants. |
Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled, solely by virtue of being holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice as shareholders with respect to any meeting of shareholders for the election of directors or any other matters, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as a holder of the equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the equity warrants.
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Debt Warrants
Each debt warrant issued by us will entitle its holder to purchase the debt securities designated at an exercise price set forth in, or to be determinable as set forth in, the related prospectus supplement. Debt warrants may be issued separately or together with debt securities.
The debt warrants are to be issued under debt warrant agreements to be entered into between us, and one or more banks or trust companies, as debt warrant agent, as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus. The particular terms of each issue of debt warrants, the debt warrant agreement relating to the debt warrants and the debt warrant certificates representing debt warrants will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:
| ● | the title of the debt warrants; |
| ● | the initial offering price; |
| ● | the title, aggregate principal amount and terms of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants; |
| ● | the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable; |
| ● | the title and terms of any related debt securities with which the debt warrants are issued and the amount of the debt warrants issued with each debt security; |
| ● | the date, if any, on and after which the debt warrants and the related debt securities will be separately transferable; |
| ● | the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of each debt warrant and the price at which that principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon exercise of each debt warrant; |
| ● | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time; |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire; |
| ● | if applicable, a discussion of United States federal income tax, accounting or other considerations applicable to the debt warrants; |
| ● | whether the debt warrants represented by the debt warrant certificates will be issued in registered or bearer form, and, if registered, where they may be transferred and registered; |
| ● | anti-dilution provisions of the debt warrants, if any; |
| ● | redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the debt warrants; and |
| ● | any additional terms of the debt warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the debt warrants. |
Debt warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations and, if in registered form, may be presented for registration of transfer, and debt warrants may be exercised at the corporate trust office of the debt warrant agent or any other office indicated in the related prospectus supplement. Before the exercise of debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not be entitled to payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants, or to enforce any of the covenants in the indentures governing such debt securities.
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We may issue, in one or more series, units comprised of shares of our common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants or any combination of these securities. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security.
We may evidence units by unit certificates that we issue under a separate agreement. We may issue the units under a unit agreement between us and one or more unit agents. If we elect to enter into a unit agreement with a unit agent, the unit agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the units and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any registered holders of units or beneficial owners of units. We will indicate the name and address and other information regarding the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units if we elect to use a unit agent.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units being offered, including: (i) the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; (ii) any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described herein; and (iii) any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units.
The other provisions regarding our shares, warrants and debt securities as described in this section will apply to each unit to the extent such unit consists of shares, warrants and/or debt securities.
We may sell or distribute the securities offered by this prospectus, from time to time, in one or more offerings, as follows:
| ● | through agents; |
| ● | to dealers or underwriters for resale; |
| ● | directly to investors; or |
| ● | through a combination of any of these methods of sale. |
| ● | We will set forth in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus the terms of the offering of securities, including: |
| ● | the name or names of any agents or underwriters; |
| ● | the purchase price of the securities being offered and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; |
| ● | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
| ● | any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation; |
| ● | the public offering price; |
| ● | any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and |
| ● | any securities exchanges on which such securities may be listed. |
If we use underwriters for a sale of securities, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the securities in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. The underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities of the series offered if they purchase any of the securities of that series. We may change from time to time any public offering price and any discounts or concessions the underwriters allow or reallow or pay to dealers. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus naming the underwriter and the nature of any such relationship.
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We may designate agents who agree to use their reasonable efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment or to sell securities on a continuing basis.
We may also sell securities directly to one or more purchasers without using underwriters or agents.
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us and any profit on their resale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. We will identify in the applicable prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus any underwriters, dealers or agents and will describe their compensation. We may have agreements with the underwriters, dealers and agents to indemnity them against specified civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of their businesses.
We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the securities as well as the expenses of all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sales of securities by us.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our shares, which are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.
In connection with an offering, an underwriter may purchase and sell securities in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of securities than they are required to purchase in the offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional securities, if any, from us in the offering. If the underwriters have an over-allotment option to purchase additional securities from us, the underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option or purchasing securities in the open market. In determining the source of securities to close out the covered short position, the underwriters may consider, among other things, the price of securities available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase securities through the over-allotment option. “Naked” short sales are any sales in excess of such option or where the underwriters do not have an over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the securities in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.
Accordingly, to cover these short sales positions or to otherwise stabilize or maintain the price of the securities, the underwriters may bid for or purchase securities in the open market and may impose penalty bids. If penalty bids are imposed, selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers participating in the offering are reclaimed if securities previously distributed in the offering are repurchased, whether in connection with stabilization transactions or otherwise. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. The impositions of a penalty bid may also affect the price of the securities to the extent that it discourages resale of the securities. The magnitude or effect of any stabilization or other transactions is uncertain. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or a post-effective amendment.
In addition, we may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities offered by this prospectus or otherwise.
If required, we will set forth in a prospectus supplement the following information regarding any material dilution of the equity interests of investors purchasing securities in an offering under this prospectus:
| ● | the net tangible book value per share of our equity securities before and after the offering; |
| ● | the amount of the increase in such net tangible book value per share attributable to the cash payments made by purchasers in the offering; and |
| ● | the amount of the immediate dilution from the public offering price which will be absorbed by such purchasers. |
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Material income tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of any of the securities offered by this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to the offering of those securities.
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands with limited liability. We are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a British Virgin Islands company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides protections for investors to a significantly lesser extent. In addition, British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.
In addition, a majority of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons’ assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons or to enforce against them or against us, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
Jianbo Zhang, our Chairman and CEO; Yunxia Xu, our Chief Operating Officer and Chief Marketing Officer; Jing Li, our Chief Development Officer; and Bo Yu, our Chief Programs Officer, are located in China. There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or (ii) be competent to hear original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction, against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof. We do not believe PRC courts will enforce a foreign judgment against us or our officers and directors if the court decides that such judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or social public interest.
We have appointed Puglisi & Associates as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any State of the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.
We have been advised by Ogier, our British Virgin Islands legal counsel that the courts of the British Virgin Islands are unlikely to (i) recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws where that liability is in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company; and (ii) to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature. The courts of the British Virgin Islands will not necessarily enter judgments in original actions brought in those courts predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws. Additionally, we have been advised by Ogier that there is no statutory enforcement in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, however, the courts of the British Virgin Islands will in certain circumstances recognize such a foreign judgment and treat it as a cause of action in itself which may be sued upon as a debt at common law so that no retrial of the issues would be necessary provided that: (i) the U.S. court issuing the judgment had jurisdiction in the matter and the company either submitted to such jurisdiction or was resident or carrying on business within such jurisdiction and was duly served with process; (ii) the U.S. judgment is final and for a liquidated sum; (iii) the judgment given by the U.S. court was not in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company; (iv) in obtaining judgment there was no fraud on the part of the person in whose favor judgment was given or on the part of the court; (v) recognition or enforcement of the judgment would not be contrary to public policy in the British Virgin Islands; and (vi) the proceedings pursuant to which judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice
We incorporated in the BVI in order to enjoy the following benefits: (1) political and economic stability; (2) an effective judicial system; (3) a favorable tax system; (4) the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and (5) the availability of professional and support services. However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the BVI. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) the BVI has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors; and (2) BVI companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. Our constitutional documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.
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Certain matters as to U.S. federal law will be passed upon for us by ArentFox Schiff LLP, Washington DC. The validity of the issuance of the common shares and other legal matters as to British Virgin Islands law will be passed upon for us by Ogier. ArentFox Schiff LLP may rely upon Ogier with respect to matters governed by British Virgin Islands law. Legal matters will be passed upon for any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel named in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and for the years then ended appearing in this prospectus, have been included herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of ZH CPA, LLC, Denver, Colorado, an independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of that firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus is part of the registration statement and does not contain all the information in the registration statement. Any statement made in this prospectus concerning a contract or other document of ours is not necessarily complete, and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the document or matter. Each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers.
We are currently subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC reports, including our annual report on Form 20-F, report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K and other information. All information filed with or furnished to the SEC can be obtained over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.
We also maintain a website at https://www.epicquesteducation.com, but information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should not regard any information on our website as a part of this prospectus.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. Each document incorporated by reference is current only as of the date of such document, and the incorporation by reference of such documents should not create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since such date. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus and should be read with the same care. When we update the information contained in documents that have been incorporated by reference by making future filings with the SEC, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus is considered to be automatically updated and superseded. In other words, in the case of a conflict or inconsistency between information contained in this prospectus and information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in the document that was filed later.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below:
| ● | Our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on January 31, 2025; |
| ● | Our reports on Form 6-K and any amendments on Form 6-K/A filed with the SEC on: October 7, 2024; October 24, 2024; January 10, 2025; May 30, 2025; June 26, 2025; August 21, 2025; August 27, 2025; September 3, 2025; and October 9, 2025; and |
| ● | The description of the Company’s shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 23, 2021, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. |
We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent Annual Reports on Form 20-F that we file with the SEC and certain reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus (if they state that they are incorporated by reference into this prospectus) prior to the termination of the offering of securities under this Registration Statement. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
Unless expressly incorporated by reference, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate by reference information furnished to, but not filed with, the SEC. We post our SEC filings on our website, https://ireei-global.net. We will also provide to you, upon your written or oral request, without charge, a copy of any or all of the documents we refer to above which we have incorporated in this prospectus by reference, other than exhibits to those documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents. You should direct your requests to Corporate Secretary, at 200 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 100, Toledo, OH 43604. Our telephone number at this address is +1 513-649-8350.
We are currently subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC reports, including our annual report on Form 20-F, report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K and other information. All information filed with or furnished to the SEC can be obtained over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The following table sets forth the aggregate expenses in connection with this offering, all of which will be paid by us. All amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee.
| SEC registration fee | $ | * | ||
| FINRA fees | $ | * | ||
| Legal fees and expenses | $ | * | ||
| Accounting fees and expenses | $ | * | ||
| Printing and postage expenses | $ | * | ||
| Miscellaneous expenses | $ | * | ||
| Total | $ | * |
| * | To be provided by a prospectus supplement or as an exhibit to a report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into this registration statement. Estimated solely for this item. Actual expenses may vary. |
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EpicQuest Education Group International Limited
Up to $75,000,000 of
Common Shares
Preferred Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
Prospectus
, 2025
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
BVI law does limit the extent to which a company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the BVI High Court to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Memorandum and Articles of Association provides for indemnification against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings any person who: (a) is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director of the Company; or (b) is or was, at the request of the Company, serving as a director of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another body corporate or a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. Indemnification is only available to a person who acted honestly and in good faith and in what that person believed to be in the best interests of our Company and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe that their conduct was unlawful.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling our Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Company has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is theretofore unenforceable.
A director, officer or agent of a company formed under the BVI laws is obligated to act honestly and in good faith and exercise care, diligence and skill of a reasonably prudent person acting in comparable circumstances. Our constitutional documents do not relieve directors, officers or agents from personal liability arising from the management of the business of the company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Section 132 of the BVI Business Companies Act permits indemnification of directors, officers and agents against all expenses, including legal fees and judgments, fines and settlements, in respect of actions related to their employment. There are no agreements that relieve directors, officer or agents from personal liability.
Item 9. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference in this prospectus:
| Exhibit No. | Description | |
| 1.1* | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association as amended and restated on October 21, 2024 and filed with the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the British Virgin Islands on November 14, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Form 6-K filed October 9, 2025). | |
| 4.1 | Specimen Share Certificate. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.1 to the Form F-1 file number: 333-251342) | |
| 4.2 | Form of Indenture | |
| 4.3* | Form of Warrant | |
| 4.4* | Form of Warrant Agreement | |
| 4.5* | Form of Unit Agreement | |
| 5.1 | Opinion of Ogier | |
| 5.2 | Opinion of ArentFox Schiff LLP | |
| 23.1 | Consent of ZH CPA, LLC | |
| 23.2 | Consent of Ogier (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
| 23.3 | Consent of ArentFox Schiff LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2) | |
| 24.1 | Power of Attorney | |
| 25.1* | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility and Qualification under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the Trustee under the Indenture. | |
| 107 | Filing Fee Table |
| * | To be filed, if applicable, by amendment, or as an exhibit to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference. |
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Item 10. Undertakings
| (a) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 need not be furnished, provided, that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, or Item 8.A of Form 20-F if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: |
| (i) | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
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| (ii) | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
| (6) | That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s Annual Report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s Annual Report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (7) | To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (“Act”) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of the Act. |
| (8) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
II-3
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Winnipeg, Canada, on October 31, 2025.
| EpicQuest Education Group International Limited | ||
| By: | /s/ Zhenyu Wu | |
| Name: | Zhenyu Wu | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Zhang Jianbo and Zhenyu Wu , acting singly, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, including any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Zhang Jianbo | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer | October 31, 2025 | ||
| Zhang Jianbo | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Zhenyu Wu | Chief Financial Officer and Director | October 31, 2025 | ||
| Zhenyu Wu | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Craig Wilson | Independent Director | October 31, 2025 | ||
| Craig Wilson | ||||
| /s/ G. Michael Pratt | Independent Director | October 31, 2025 | ||
| G. Michael Pratt | ||||
| /s/ Xiaojun Cui | Independent Director | October 31, 2025 | ||
| Xiaojun Cui |
II-4
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of the Company has signed this registration statement or amendment thereto in Newark, Delaware on October 31, 2025.
| Authorized U.S. Representative | |||
| Puglisi & Associates | |||
| 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204 | |||
| Newark, DE 19711 | |||
| Tel: (302) 738-6680 | |||
| By: | /s/ Donald J. Puglisi | ||
| Name: | Donald J. Puglisi | ||
| Title: | Managing Director | ||
II-5
Exhibit 4.2
ELITE EDUCATION GROUP INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
INDENTURE
Dated as of [ ]
[ ]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| ARTICLE I | ||
| DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | ||
| Section 1.1 | Definitions | 2 |
| Section 1.2 | Other Definitions | 5 |
| Section 1.3 | Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act | 5 |
| Section 1.4 | Rules of Construction | 5 |
| ARTICLE II | ||
| THE SECURITIES | ||
| Section 2.1 | Issuable in Series | 6 |
| Section 2.2 | Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities | 6 |
| Section 2.3 | Execution and Authentication | 7 |
| Section 2.4 | Registrar and Paying Agent | 8 |
| Section 2.5 | Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust | 9 |
| Section 2.6 | Security Holder Lists | 9 |
| Section 2.7 | Transfer and Exchange | 9 |
| Section 2.8 | Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities | 9 |
| Section 2.9 | Outstanding Securities | 10 |
| Section 2.10 | Treasury Securities | 10 |
| Section 2.11 | Temporary Securities | 10 |
| Section 2.12 | Cancellation | 11 |
| Section 2.13 | Defaulted Interest | 11 |
| Section 2.14 | Global Securities | 11 |
| Section 2.15 | CUSIP Numbers | 12 |
| ARTICLE III | ||
| REDEMPTION | ||
| Section 3.1 | Notice to Trustee | 12 |
| Section 3.2 | Selection of Securities to be Redeemed | 12 |
| Section 3.3 | Notice of Redemption | 13 |
| Section 3.4 | Effect of Notice of Redemption | 13 |
| Section 3.5 | Deposit of Redemption Price | 13 |
| Section 3.6 | Securities Redeemed in Part | 13 |
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| ARTICLE IV | ||
| COVENANTS | ||
| Section 4.1 | Payment of Principal and Interest | 14 |
| Section 4.2 | SEC Reports | 14 |
| Section 4.3 | Compliance Certificate | 14 |
| Section 4.4 | Stay, Extension and Usury Laws | 14 |
| Section 4.5 | Corporate Existence | 14 |
| ARTICLE V | ||
| SUCCESSORS | ||
| Section 5.1 | When Company May Merge, Etc. | 14 |
| Section 5.2 | Successor Corporation Substituted | 15 |
| ARTICLE VI | ||
| DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES | ||
| Section 6.1 | Events of Default | 15 |
| Section 6.2 | Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment | 16 |
| Section 6.3 | Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee | 16 |
| Section 6.4 | Trustee May File Proofs of Claim | 17 |
| Section 6.5 | Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities | 18 |
| Section 6.6 | Application of Money Collected | 18 |
| Section 6.7 | Limitation on Suits | 18 |
| Section 6.8 | Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest | 19 |
| Section 6.9 | Restoration of Rights and Remedies | 19 |
| Section 6.10 | Rights and Remedies Cumulative | 19 |
| Section 6.11 | Delay or Omission Not Waiver | 19 |
| Section 6.12 | Control by Holders | 19 |
| Section 6.13 | Waiver of Past Defaults | 19 |
| Section 6.14 | Undertaking for Costs | 20 |
| ARTICLE VII | ||
| TRUSTEE | ||
| Section 7.1 | Duties of Trustee | 20 |
| Section 7.2 | Rights of Trustee | 21 |
| Section 7.3 | Force Majeure | 22 |
| Section 7.4 | Individual Rights of Trustee | 22 |
| Section 7.5 | Trustee’s Disclaimer | 22 |
| Section 7.6 | Notice of Defaults | 22 |
| Section 7.7 | Reports by Trustee to Holders | 23 |
| Section 7.8 | Compensation and Indemnity | 23 |
| Section 7.9 | Replacement of Trustee | 23 |
| Section 7.10 | Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. | 24 |
| Section 7.11 | Eligibility; Disqualification | 24 |
| Section 7.12 | Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company | 24 |
| ARTICLE VIII | ||
| SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE | ||
| Section 8.1 | Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture | 25 |
| Section 8.2 | Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification | 25 |
| Section 8.3 | Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series | 26 |
| Section 8.4 | Covenant Defeasance | 27 |
| Section 8.5 | Repayment to Company | 28 |
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| ARTICLE IX | ||
| SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS | ||
| Section 9.1 | Without Consent of Holders | 28 |
| Section 9.2 | With Consent of Holders | 28 |
| Section 9.3 | Limitations | 29 |
| Section 9.4 | Compliance with Trust Indenture Act | 29 |
| Section 9.5 | Revocation and Effect of Consents | 29 |
| Section 9.6 | Notation on or Exchange of Securities | 30 |
| Section 9.7 | Trustee Protected | 30 |
| ARTICLE X | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | ||
| Section 10.1 | Trust Indenture Act Controls | 30 |
| Section 10.2 | Notices | 30 |
| Section 10.3 | Communication by Holders with Other Holders | 31 |
| Section 10.4 | Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent | 31 |
| Section 10.5 | Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion | 31 |
| Section 10.6 | Rules by Trustee and Agents | 31 |
| Section 10.7 | Legal Holidays | 31 |
| Section 10.8 | No Recourse Against Others | 31 |
| Section 10.9 | Counterparts | 32 |
| Section 10.10 | Governing Laws | 32 |
| Section 10.11 | No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements | 32 |
| Section 10.12 | Successors | 32 |
| Section 10.13 | Severability | 32 |
| Section 10.14 | Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. | 32 |
| Section 10.15 | Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU | 32 |
| Section 10.16 | Judgment Currency | 33 |
| ARTICLE XI | ||
| SINKING FUNDS | ||
| Section 11.1 | Applicability of Article | 33 |
| Section 11.2 | Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities | 34 |
| Section 11.3 | Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund | 34 |
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Form of Indenture
Indenture dated as of [ ] between Elite Education Group International Limited, an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“Company”), and [ ] (“Trustee”). Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.
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ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Section 1.1 Definitions.
“Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.
“Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.
“Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent.
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.
“Business Day” means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close or a day the Corporate Trust Office is closed.
“Capital Stock” means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock.
“Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.
“Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
“Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer, or any Vice President and by its Chief Financial Officer and delivered to the Trustee.
“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered.
“Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
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“Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.
“Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.
“Dollars” and “$” means the currency of The United States of America.
“ECU” means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.
“Foreign Government Obligations” means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect as of the date of determination.
“Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.
“Holder” or “Security Holder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered.
“Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.
“interest” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.
“Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.
“Officer” means the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, any Vice President, or the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.
“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel, which opinion, is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.
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“person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
“principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.
“Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject and who shall in each case have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.
“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
“Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.
“Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or interest is due and payable.
“Subsidiary” of any specified person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person or a combination thereof.
“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.
“Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
“U.S. Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which in the case of (i) and (ii) are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.
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Section 1.2 Other Definitions.
| TERM | DEFINED IN SECTION | |
| “Bankruptcy Law” | 6.1 | |
| “Custodian” | 6.1 | |
| “Event of Default” | 6.1 | |
| “Journal” | 10.15 | |
| “Judgment Currency” | 10.16 | |
| “Legal Holiday” | 10.7 | |
| “mandatory sinking fund payment” | 11.1 | |
| “Market Exchange Rate” | 10.15 | |
| “New York Banking Day” | 10.16 | |
| “Notice Agent” | 2.4 | |
| “optional sinking fund payment” | 11.1 | |
| “Paying Agent” | 2.4 | |
| “Registrar” | 2.4 | |
| “Required Currency” | 10.16 | |
| “successor person” | 5.1 |
Section 1.3 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
“Commission” means the SEC.
“indenture securities” means the Securities.
“indenture security holder” means a Security Holder.
“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.
“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.
“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.
All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.
Section 1.4 Rules of Construction.
Unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) a term has the meaning assigned to it;
(b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;
(c) “or” is not exclusive;
(d) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and
(e) provisions apply to successive events and transactions.
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ARTICLE II
THE SECURITIES
Section 2.1 Issuable in Series.
The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
Section 2.2 Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.
At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2(a) and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2(b) through 2.2(u)) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate, and associated supplemental indenture:
(a) the title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);
(b) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;
(c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);
(d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;
(e) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
(f) the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;
(g) if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
(h) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
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(i) the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;
(j) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;
(k) the forms of the Securities of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;
(l) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;
(m) the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, including, but not limited to, the ECU, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency other than the ECU, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;
(n) the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made;
(o) if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;
(p) the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;
(q) the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;
(r) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;
(s) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;
(t) any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series); and
(u) any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein.
All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate referred to above.
Section 2.3 Execution and Authentication.
Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.
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If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual or facsimile signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.
The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.
The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.
Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4.
The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or trustees, executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.
The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.
Section 2.4 Registrar and Paying Agent.
The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered (“Notice Agent”). The Trustee or Notice Agent, as applicable, shall deliver such notices and demands to the Company in accordance with Section 10.2 hereof. The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or delivered at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.
The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or notice agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or notice agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Notice Agent” includes any additional notice agent.
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The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.
The Company hereby appoints The Depository Trust Company to act as Depositary with respect to the Securities.
Section 2.5 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.
The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Security Holders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Security Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent.
Section 2.6 Security Holder Lists.
The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Security Holders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Security Holders of each Series of Securities.
Section 2.7 Transfer and Exchange.
Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities upon receipt of a Company Order. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).
Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.
Section 2.8 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
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In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.
Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.
The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.
Section 2.9 Outstanding Securities.
The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.
If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.
If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.
A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.
In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.
Section 2.10 Treasury Securities.
In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
Section 2.11 Temporary Securities.
Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.
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Section 2.12 Cancellation.
The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. Upon receipt of written instruction from the Company, the Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities and deliver a certificate of such destruction to the Company, unless the Company otherwise directs. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest.
If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Security Holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and to each Security Holder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.
Section 2.14 Global Securities.
(a) Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.
(b) Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.
Except as provided in this Section 2.14(b), a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.
The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.
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(c) Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:
“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depositary or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.”
(d) Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.
(e) Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.
(f) Consents, Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in Section 2.14(e), the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.
Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers.
The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.
ARTICLE III
REDEMPTION
Section 3.1 Notice to Trustee.
The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the Trustee notice at least 45 days before the redemption date (or such shorter notice as may be acceptable to the Trustee).
Section 3.2 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in any manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate and in accordance with its customary practices or the selection shall be in accordance with DTC procedures, as applicable. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. The Trustee may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2(j), the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.
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Section 3.3 Notice of Redemption.
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.
The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:
(a) the redemption date;
(b) the redemption price;
(c) the name and address of the Paying Agent;
(d) that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;
(e) that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;
(f) the CUSIP number, if any; and
(g) any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.
At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption prepared by the Company, in the Company’s name and at its expense.
Section 3.4 Effect of Notice of Redemption.
Once notice of redemption is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.
Section 3.5 Deposit of Redemption Price.
On or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
Section 3.6 Securities Redeemed in Part.
Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
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ARTICLE IV
COVENANTS
Section 4.1 Payment of Principal and Interest.
The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.
Section 4.2 SEC Reports.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a).
Section 4.3 Compliance Certificate.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (which on the date hereof ends on December 31) of the Company, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he may have knowledge).
The Company will, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.
Section 4.4 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.
The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.
Section 4.5 Corporate Existence.
Subject to Article V, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.
ARTICLE V
SUCCESSORS
Section 5.1 When Company May Merge, Etc.
The Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a “successor person”) unless:
(a) the Company is the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture and
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(b) immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers’ Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
Notwithstanding the above, any Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company. Neither an Officers’ Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.
Section 5.2 Successor Corporation Substituted.
Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
ARTICLE VI
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
Section 6.1 Events of Default.
“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:
(a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration of such period of 30 days); or
(b) default in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or
(c) default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or
(d) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
(i) commences a voluntary case,
(ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,
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(iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
(iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or
(v) generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or
(e) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,
(ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or
(iii) orders the liquidation of the Company,
and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or
(f) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2(r).
The term “Bankruptcy Law” means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
Section 6.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.1(d) or (e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.
At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.
No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
Section 6.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
The Company covenants that if
(a) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or
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(b) default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or
(c) default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when and as due by the terms of a Security,
then, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.
If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, if an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by pursuing any available remedy by proceeding at law or in equity as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
Section 6.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,
(a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and
(b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same,
and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.8.
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
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Section 6.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
Section 6.6 Application of Money Collected.
Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.8; and
Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and
Third: To the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.
Section 6.7 Limitation on Suits.
No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless
(a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;
(b) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
(c) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
(d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
(e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;
it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.
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Section 6.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.
Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
Section 6.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
Section 6.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.
Section 6.12 Control by Holders.
The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that
(a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,
(b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and
(c) subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.
Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults.
The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
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Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs.
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).
ARTICLE VII
TRUSTEE
Section 7.1 Duties of Trustee.
(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
(i) The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others.
(ii) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).
(c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.
(ii) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.
(iii) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.
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(d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
(e) The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives security or indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.
(f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
(g) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
(h) The Paying Agent, the Registrar, the Notice Agent, any agent and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections, immunities and standard of care as are set forth in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section with respect to the Trustee.
Section 7.2 Rights of Trustee.
(a) The Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.
(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. No such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel shall be at the expense of the Trustee. Any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate.
(c) The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.
(d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute negligence or bad faith. The Trustee shall not be liable for any special, punitive or consequential damages, even if they were reasonably foreseeable.
(e) The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder, and the Trustee may conclusively rely on any such advice or Opinion of Counsel.
(f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
(g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit.
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(h) The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default (other than a payment default under Section 6.1 or 6.2) unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has received written notice of any event which is in fact such a default at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture.
(i) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including without limitation its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and to each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder.
(j) The Trustee may request that the Issuer deliver an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded.
(k) The Trustee shall have no duty to inquire as to or monitor the performance of the Issuer with respect to the covenants contained in Article IV.
(l) The Trustee shall not be required to give any note, bond or surety in respect of the execution of the trusts and powers under this Indenture.
(m) Nothing herein shall be deemed to require the Trustee to submit to the jurisdiction or venue of a non-U.S. court.
Section 7.3 Force Majeure.
(a) The Trustee shall have no liability for delays or inability to perform its duties hereunder due to forces majeure, events beyond its control, such as (but not exclusively) civil unrest, earthquakes, hurricanes or other natural disasters, floods, utility failures, transmission interruptions, power failures, wars, governmental declarations or Acts of God; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.
(b) Delivery of reports or information by the Company shall not be deemed to confer actual or constructive knowledge or notice on the Trustee with respect to a Default or Event of Default, or otherwise.
Section 7.4 Individual Rights of Trustee.
The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.11 and 7.12.
Section 7.5 Trustee’s Disclaimer.
The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.
Section 7.6 Notice of Defaults.
If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail (or deliver notice subject to the applicable procedures of the Depositary or relevant clearing system) to each Security Holder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has written notice of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as its corporate trust committee or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Security Holders of that Series.
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Section 7.7 Reports by Trustee to Holders.
Within 60 days after May 15 in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Security Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such May 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA § 313.
A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Security Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.
Section 7.8 Compensation and Indemnity.
The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.
The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee against any loss, liability or expense (including the cost of defending itself) incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of the Trustee duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity; provided, however, that failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve it of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense; provided, however, the Trustee may conduct its own defense if there is a conflict of interest between the interests of the Company and those of the Trustee. The Trustee may have one separate counsel (in addition to local counsel, if applicable) and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and Agents or agents of the Trustee.
The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder, Agent or agent of the Trustee to the extent it is attributed to its own negligence or willful conduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final, non-appealable order.
To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.
When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture and the resignation and removal of the Trustee.
Section 7.9 Replacement of Trustee.
A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.
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The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:
(a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.11;
(b) the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;
(c) a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
(d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.
If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee upon payment of its fees and expenses then unpaid shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.8, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Security Holder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.9, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.8 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to such replacement.
Section 7.10 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.
Section 7.11 Eligibility; Disqualification.
This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $150,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).
Section 7.12 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated.
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ARTICLE VIII
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
Section 8.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when
(a) either
(i) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
(ii) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
(A) have become due and payable, or
(B) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or
(C) have been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or
(D) are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;
and the Company, in the case of (A), (B) or (C) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;
(b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and
(c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.8, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and 8.5 shall survive.
Section 8.2 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 8.5, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.3 or 8.4.
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(b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.
(c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.
Section 8.3 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.
Unless this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2(t), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:
(a) the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;
(b) the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2, 8.3 and 8.5; and
(c) the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder;
provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
(d) the Company shall have deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;
(e) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
(f) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;
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(g) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;
(h) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
(i) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
Section 8.4 Covenant Defeasance.
Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2(t) to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 5.1 as well as any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(t) (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(r) and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
(a) With reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;
(b) Such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
(c) No Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit;
(d) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred;
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(e) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
(f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
Section 8.5 Repayment to Company.
The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon written request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Security Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.
ARTICLE IX
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
Section 9.1 Without Consent of Holders.
The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Security Holder:
(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;
(b) to comply with Article V;
(c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
(d) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Security Holder;
(e) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;
(f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or
(g) to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA.
Section 9.2 With Consent of Holders.
The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Security Holders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.
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Section 9.3 Limitations.
Without the consent of each Security Holder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:
(a) reduce the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
(b) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;
(c) reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
(d) reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;
(e) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
(f) make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;
(g) make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or
(h) waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company’s option.
Section 9.4 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
Every amendment or waiver to this Indenture or the issuance of and establishment of the form and terms and conditions of Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.
Section 9.5 Revocation and Effect of Consents.
Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes effective.
Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Security Holder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.
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Section 9.6 Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.
Section 9.7 Trustee Protected.
In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights.
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.1 Trust Indenture Act Controls.
If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.
Section 10.2 Notices.
Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing, in the English language, referencing this Indenture and the applicable securities or series of securities, and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail, or by facsimile transmission:
if to the Company:
Elite Education Group International Limited
1209 N. University Blvd.
Middletown OH, 45042
Attention: Chief Financial Officer
Fax: (513) 649-8350
if to the Trustee:
[ ]
Fax No: [ ]
Attention: [ ]
The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
Any notice or communication to a Security Holder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar or delivered subject to the applicable procedures of Depositary or relevant clearing system. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Security Holder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Security Holders of that or any other Series.
If a notice or communication is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Security Holder receives it.
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If the Company mails a notice or communication to Security Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.
Section 10.3 Communication by Holders with Other Holders.
Security Holders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Security Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).
Section 10.4 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
(a) an Officers’ Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and
(b) an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.
Section 10.5 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:
(a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
(b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
(c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
(d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
Section 10.6 Rules by Trustee and Agents.
The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Security Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.
Section 10.7 Legal Holidays.
Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.
Section 10.8 No Recourse Against Others.
A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Security Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.
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Section 10.9 Counterparts.
This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
Section 10.10 Governing Laws.
THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS PROVISIONS THEREOF.
Section 10.11 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.
Section 10.12 Successors.
All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.
Section 10.13 Severability.
In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
Section 10.14 Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
Section 10.15 Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.
Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than Dollars (including ECUs), then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time. For purposes of this Section 10.15, “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; provided, however, in the case of ECUs, Market Exchange Rate shall mean the rate of exchange determined by the Commission of the European Union (or any successor thereto) as published in the Official Journal of the European Union (such publication or any successor publication, the “Journal”). If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or, in the case of ECUs, the rate of exchange as published in the Journal, as of the most recent available date, or quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or, in the case of ECUs, in Luxembourg or such other quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange as the Trustee, upon consultation with the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
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All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company and all Holders.
Section 10.16 Judgment Currency.
The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
ARTICLE XI
SINKING FUNDS
Section 11.1 Applicability of Article.
The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.
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Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.
Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.
| Elite Education Group International Limited | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
|
[ ], as Trustee | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
[Signature Page to Indenture]
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Exhibit 5.1
|
EpicQuest Education Group International Limited Vistra Corporate Services Centre Wickhams Cay II, Road Town Tortola, VG1110 British Virgin Islands |
D +852 3656 6054/+852 3656 6061 | |
| E nathan.powell@ogier.com/ florence.chan@ogier.com | ||
| Reference: FYC/AGC/1783334.00002 |
31 October 2025
Dear Sirs
EpicQuest Education Group International Limited (the Company) (Company no. 1963796)
We have acted as British Virgin Islands counsel to the Company in connection with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the Registration Statement), to be filed by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the United States Securities Act 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) on or about the date hereof. The Registration Statement relates to the offering and sale from time to time, as set forth in the Registration Statement, the form of prospectus contained therein (the Prospectus) of the following securities (the Securities), with an aggregate offering proceed of up to US$75,000,000:
| (a) | ordinary shares of US$0.0016 par value each of the Company (the Common Shares); |
| (b) | preferred shares of US$0.0016 par value each of the Company (the Preferred Shares); |
| (c) | debt securities to be issued pursuant to the applicable indenture to be entered into by the Company (the Debt Securities); |
| (d) | warrants to be issued to purchase the Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares (the Warrants); and |
| (e) | units comprising any of Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants, Debt Securities or any combination of the foregoing securities (the Units). |
We have been advised that the Securities may be issued and sold or delivered from time to time as set forth in the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto and the Prospectus contained therein pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and that this opinion is required to be furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. No opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related applicable Prospectus other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issuance of the Securities.
Ogier British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Guernsey, Jersey and Luxembourg practitioners
Floor 11 Central Tower 28 Queen’s Road Central Central Hong Kong
T +852 3656 6000 F +852 3656 6001 ogier.com |
Partners Nicholas Plowman Nathan Powell Anthony Oakes Oliver Payne Kate Hodson David Nelson Justin Davis Joanne Collett Dennis Li |
Cecilia Li Rachel Huang** Yuki Yan** Florence Chan*‡ Richard Bennett**‡ James Bergstrom‡
|
* admitted in New Zealand ** admitted in England and Wales ‡ not ordinarily resident in Hong Kong |
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Unless a contrary intention appears, all capitalised terms used in this opinion have the respective meanings set forth in the Documents (as defined below). A reference to a Schedule is a reference to a schedule to this opinion and the headings herein are for convenience only and do not affect the construction of this opinion.
| 1 | Documents examined |
For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined originals, copies, or drafts of the following documents: (the Documents):
| (a) | the constitutional documents and public records of the Company obtained from the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the British Virgin Islands (the Registrar) on 22 May 2025 (the Company Registry Records), including, without limitation: |
| (i) | a copy of the certificate of incorporation of the Company dated 13 December 2017 and a certificate of change of name of the Company dated 26 July 2022; and |
| (ii) | a copy of the amended memorandum and articles of association of the Company adopted on 6 September 2025 and registered with the Registrar on 22 September 2025 (the Memorandum and Articles). |
| (b) | the public information revealed from a search of the electronic records of the Civil Division and the Commercial Division of the Registry of the High Court and of the Court of Appeal (Virgin Islands) Register, each from 1 January 2000, as maintained on the Judicial Enforcement Management System (the High Court Database) by the Registry of the High Court of the Virgin Islands on 22 May 2025, and updated on 19 June 2025, 26 August 2025, 27 October 2025 and 30 October 2025 (the Court Records, and together the Company Registry Records, the Public Records); |
| (c) | a certificate of incumbency in respect of the Company dated 28 October 2025 (the Certificate of Incumbency) issued by the registered agent of the Company; |
| (d) | the listed register of members of the Company maintained by VStock Transfer, LLC as at 11 September 2025 (the Register of Members); |
| (e) | a copy of the written resolutions of the directors of the Company dated 30 October 2025 (the Board Resolutions); and |
| (f) | the Registration Statement. |
| 2 | Assumptions |
In giving this opinion we have relied upon the assumptions set forth in this paragraph 2 without having carried out any independent investigation or verification in respect of those assumptions:
| (a) | all original documents examined by us are authentic and complete; |
| (b) | all copy documents examined by us (whether in facsimile, electronic or other form) conform to the originals and those originals are authentic and complete; |
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| (c) | all signatures, seals, dates, stamps and markings (whether on original or copy documents) are genuine; |
| (d) | each of the Certificate of Incumbency, Certificate of Good Standing and the Register of Members is accurate and complete as at the date of this opinion; |
| (e) | the Memorandum and Articles are in full force and effect and have not been amended, varied, supplemented or revoked in any respect; |
| (f) | all copies of the Registration Statement are true and correct copies and the Registration Statement conform in every material respect to the latest drafts of the same produced to us and, where the Registration Statement has been provided to us in successive drafts marked-up to indicate changes to such documents, all such changes have been so indicated; |
| (g) | the Board Resolutions remain in full force and effect and have not been, and will not be, rescinded or amended, and each of the directors of the Company has acted in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and has exercised the standard of care, diligence and skill that is required of him or her in approving the transactions set out in the Board Resolutions and no director has a financial interest in or other relationship to a party of the transactions contemplated therein which has not been properly disclosed in the Board Resolutions; |
| (h) | neither the directors and shareholders of the Company have taken any steps to wind up the Company or to appoint a liquidator of the Company and no receiver has been appointed over any of the Company’s property or assets; |
| (i) | the issue of any of the Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares at the time of issuance, whether as a principal issue or on the conversion, exchange or exercise of any Securities, would not result in the Company exceeding its maximum number of shares that it is authorised to issue at the relevant time and upon issuance of the Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares, the Company has received/will receive (as applicable) consideration for the full issue price thereof which shall be equal to at least the par value thereof; |
| (j) | the Company will issue the Securities in furtherance of its objects as set out in its Memorandum; |
| (k) | the form and terms of any and all Securities, the issuance and sale thereof by the Company, and the Company’s incurrence and performance of its obligations thereunder or in respect thereof (including, without limitation, its obligations under any related agreement, indenture or supplement thereto) in accordance with the terms thereof will not violate the Memorandum and Articles of Association nor any applicable law, regulation, order or decree in the British Virgin Islands; |
| (l) | no invitation has been or will be made by or on behalf of the Company to the public in the British Virgin Islands to subscribe for any Security and none of the Securities have been offered or issued to residents of the British Virgin Islands; |
| (m) | all necessary corporate action will be taken to authorise and approve any issuance of Securities (including, if a new class of shares are to be issued, all necessary corporate action to establish one or more series of shares and fix the designation, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof) and the terms of the offering of such Securities thereof and any other related matters and that the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement will be duly approved, executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company and all other parties thereto; |
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| (n) | the capacity, power and authority of all parties other than the Company to enter into and perform their obligations under any and all documents entered into by such parties in connection with the issuance of the Securities, and the due execution and delivery thereof by each party thereto; |
| (o) | the Company is, and after the allotment (where applicable) and issuance of any Security will be, able to pay its liabilities as they fall due; |
| (p) | the information and each of the documents disclosed by the Public Records was and is accurate, up-to-date and remains unchanged as at the date hereof and there is no information or document which has been delivered for registration, or which is required by the laws of the British Virgin Islands to be delivered for registration, which was not included and available for inspection in the Public Records; and |
| (q) | there is no provision of the law of any jurisdiction, other than the British Virgin Islands, which would have any implication in relation to the opinions expressed herein. |
| 3 | Opinions |
On the basis of the examinations and assumptions referred to above and subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in paragraph 4 below, we are of the opinion that:
Corporate status
| (a) | The Company is a company duly incorporated with limited liability under the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004 (the BCA) on 12 December 2017, and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. It is a separate legal entity and subject to suit in its own name and has the capacity to sue in its own name. |
Valid Issuance of Shares
| (b) | With respect to the Common Shares, when |
| (i) | the board of directors of the Company (the Board) has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and allotment of the Common Shares, the terms of the offering of the Common Shares and any other related matters; |
| (ii) | the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board have been satisfied and payment of the consideration specified therein (being not less than the par value of the Common Shares) has been made; and |
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| (iii) | valid entry have been made in the register of members of the Company reflecting such issuance of Common Shares, in each case in accordance with the memorandum and articles of association then in effect, |
the Common Shares will be recognised as having been duly authorised and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| (c) | With respect to the Preferred Shares, when |
| (i) | the board of directors of the Company (the Board) has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and allotment of the Preferred Shares, the terms of the offering of the Preferred Shares and any other related matters; |
| (ii) | the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board have been satisfied and payment of the consideration specified therein (being not less than the par value of the Preferred Shares) has been made; and |
| (iii) | valid entry have been made in the register of members of the Company reflecting such issuance of Preferred Shares, in each case in accordance with the memorandum and articles of association then in effect, |
the Preferred Shares will be recognised as having been duly authorised and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| (d) | With respect to the Common Shares and Preferred Shares issuable pursuant to the Warrants, Debt Securities and Units (the Underlying Shares), in each case when the Warrants, Debt Securities and/or Units are exercisable under the terms of the applicable definitive agreement approved by the Board (the Definitive Agreements) as referred to within the Registration Statement, when: |
| (i) | the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and allotment of the Underlying Shares and the Definitive Agreements; |
| (ii) | the terms of such security, the memorandum and articles of association then in effect and/or the instrument governing such security providing for such conversion, exchange, redemption, repurchase or exercise for Underlying Shares, as approved by the Board, have been satisfied and the consideration approved by the Board (being not less than the par value of the Underlying Shares) received; and |
| (iii) | valid entry have been made in the register of members of the Company reflecting such issuance of Underlying Shares as fully paid shares, |
the Underlying Shares will be recognised as having been duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| 4 | Limitations and Qualifications |
| 4.1 | We offer no opinion: |
| (a) | as to any laws other than the laws of the British Virgin Islands, and we have not, for the purposes of this opinion, made any investigation of the laws of any other jurisdiction, and we express no opinion as to the meaning, validity, or effect of references in the Documents to statutes, rules, regulations, codes or judicial authority of any jurisdiction other than the British Virgin Islands; |
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| (b) | except to the extent that this opinion expressly provides otherwise, as to the commercial terms of, or the validity, enforceability or effect of the Registration Statement, the accuracy of representations, the fulfilment of warranties or conditions, the occurrence of events of default or terminating events or the existence of any conflicts or inconsistencies among the Registration Statement and any other agreements into which the Company may have entered or any other documents; or |
| (c) | as to whether the acceptance execution or performance of the Company’s obligations under the Registration Statement or Definitive Agreements will result in the breach of or infringe any other agreement, deed or document (other than the Company’s Memorandum and Articles) entered into by or binding on the Company. |
| 4.2 | Under the BCA an annual fee must be paid in respect of the Company to the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the British Virgin Islands. Failure to pay the annual fees by the relevant due date will render the Company liable to a penalty fee in addition to the amount of the outstanding fees. If the license fee and/or penalty fee remains unpaid from the due date, the Company will be liable to be struck off and dissolved from the Register of Companies in the British Virgin Islands. |
| 4.3 | Under the BCA, a copy of the Company’s register of directors which is complete must be filed by the Company at the Registry of Corporate Affairs. Failure to make this filing will render such Company liable to a penalty fee and if the filing is not made within the requisite time period or any penalty fee remains unpaid from the due date, such Company will be liable to be struck off and dissolved from the Register of Companies. |
| 4.4 | Under the BCA, an annual financial return, in the prescribed form, must be filed by the Company with its Registered Agent in respect of each year for which one is due within the timeframe prescribed by the BCA for that year (unless such Company is within one of the statutory exceptions to the obligation to file). Failure to make this filing when due will render such Company liable to a penalty fee and where such Company is liable to the maximum penalty and has not filed its annual return, the Company will be liable to be struck off and dissolved from the Register of Companies. |
| 4.5 | Under the BCA, unless the Company is within one of the statutory exceptions to the obligation to file and is compliant with any conditions for the relevant exception(s) to apply, a copy of the relevant Company’s register of members which is complete and certain prescribed beneficial ownership information for the Company must be filed by the Company at the Registry of Corporate Affairs. Failure to make these filings will render the Company liable to penalty fees and if the filings are not made within the requisite time period or any penalty fee remains unpaid from the due date, the Company will be liable to be struck off and dissolved from the Register of Companies. |
| 4.6 | For the purposes of this opinion “in good standing” means only that as of the date of the Good Standing Certificate, the Registry of Corporate Affairs has confirmed that it is satisfied that the Company (i) is on the Register of Companies; (ii) has paid all fees, annual fees and penalties due and payable; (iii) has filed with the Registry of Corporate Affairs a copy of its registers of directors which is complete; and (iv) has filed its Annual Return in accordance with the requirements pursuant to the BCA by issuing a Certificate of Good Standing in respect of such Company under Section 235 of the BCA, which we assume remains correct and accurate as at the date of this opinion. We have made no enquiries into the Company’s good standing with respect to any other filings or payment of fees, or both, that it may be required to make under the laws of the British Virgin Islands other than the BCA. We have made no enquiries into whether the copy of the register of directors, the copy of the register of members or such Company’s beneficial ownership information filed at the Registry of Corporate Affairs matches the details set out on the Registered Agent’s Certificate or whether the annual return filed by the Company with its registered agent is in the prescribed form as required pursuant to the BCA. |
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| 4.7 | We have not undertaken any enquiry and express no view as to the compliance of the Company with the Substance Act. |
| 4.8 | The Public Records and our searches thereof may not reveal the following: |
| (a) | in the case of the Company Registry Records, details of matters which have not been lodged for registration or have been lodged for registration but not actually registered at the time of our search or notifications made to the Registrar of Corporate Affairs by the Registered Agent of any failure by any Company to file its register of directors, register of members, beneficial ownership information and/or annual return as required and within the time frame prescribed by the BCA; |
| (b) | in the case of the Court Records, details of proceedings which have been filed but not actually entered in the High Court Database at the time of our search; |
| (c) | whether an application for the appointment of a liquidator or a receiver has been presented to the High Court of the British Virgin Islands or whether a liquidator or a receiver has been appointed out of court, or whether any out of court dissolution, reconstruction or reorganisation of the Company has been commenced; or |
| (d) | any originating process (including an application to appoint a liquidator) in respect of the Company in circumstances where the High Court of the British Virgin Islands has prior to the issuance of such process ordered that such process upon issuance be anonymised (whether on a temporary basis or otherwise), |
and the following points should also be noted:
| (e) | the Court Records reflect the information accessible remotely on the High Court Database, we have not conducted a separate search of the underlying Civil Cause Book (the Civil Cause Book) or the Commercial Cause Book (the Commercial Cause Book) at the Registry of the High Court of the British Virgin Islands. Although the High Court Database should reflect the content of the Civil Cause Book and the Commercial Cause Book, neither the High Court Database nor the Civil Cause Book or Commercial Cause Book is updated every day, and for that reason neither facility can be relied upon to reveal whether or not a particular entity is a party to litigation in the British Virgin Islands; |
| (f) | the High Court Database is not updated if third parties or noticed parties are added to or removed from the proceedings after their commencement; and |
Page 8 of 8
| (g) | while it is a requirement under Section 118 of the Insolvency Act 2003 that notice of the appointment of a receiver be registered with the Registry of Corporate Affairs, however, it should be noted that failure to file a notice of appointment of a receiver does not invalidate the receivership but gives rise to penalties on the part of the receiver and the absence of a registered notice of appointment of a receiver is not conclusive as to there being no existing appointment of a receiver in respect of the Company or its assets. |
| 5 | Governing law of this opinion |
| 5.1 | This opinion is: |
| (a) | governed by, and shall be construed in accordance with, the laws of the British Virgin Islands; |
| (b) | limited to the matters expressly stated herein; and |
| (c) | confined to, and given on the basis of, the laws and practice in the British Virgin Islands at the date of this opinion. Unless otherwise indicated, a reference to any specific British Virgin Islands legislation is a reference to that legislation as amended to, and as in force at, the date of this opinion. |
| 6 | Consent |
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the headings “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities” and “Legal Matters” of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are experts within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act or that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
This opinion may be used only in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares while the Registration Statement is effective.
Yours faithfully
Ogier
Exhibit 5.2
 |
ArentFox Schiff LLP | |
| 1717 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 | ||
| 202.857.6000 MAIN | ||
| 202.857.6395 FAX | ||
| afslaw.com |
October 31, 2025
Board
of Directors
EpicQuest Education Group International Limited
200 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 100
Toledo, OH 43604
| Re: | Registration Statement on Form F-3 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to EpicQuest Education Group International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (the “Company”), in connection with a registration statement on Form F-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Registration Statement relates to the issuance and sale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 of the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act, of an unspecified number or amount of the following securities of the Company: (i) ordinary shares, par value US$0.0016 per share (the “Ordinary Shares”); (ii) preferred shares, par value US$0.0016 per share (the “Preferred Shares”); (iii) debt securities, consisting of debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness in one or more series (“Debt Securities”); (iv) warrants to purchase Debt Securities, warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares, and warrants to purchase Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Warrants”); and (v) units comprised of Ordinary Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares, Warrants to purchase Preferred Shares, Debt Securities or any combination of those securities (the “Units”). The Ordinary Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, and Units are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”
The Debt Securities are to be issued under an indenture, to be entered into between the Company and a trustee chosen by the Company and qualified to act as such under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (a “Trustee”), in the form filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement (the “Indenture”).
This opinion letter is being delivered in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.
In connection with our opinion, we have examined the Registration Statement, including the exhibits thereto, and such other documents, corporate records and instruments, and have examined such laws and regulations, as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of this opinion. In making our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity with the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies and the legal capacity of all natural persons. As to matters of fact material to our opinions in this letter, we have relied on certificates and statements from officers and other employees of the Company, public officials and other appropriate persons.
Smart In
Your World®
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October 31, 2025 Page 2 |
In rendering the opinions in this letter we have assumed, without independent investigation or verification, that each party to each of the documents executed or to be executed, other than the Company, (a) is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, (b) has full power and authority to execute such documents to which it is a party and to perform its obligations thereunder, (c) has taken all necessary action to authorize execution of such documents on its behalf by the persons executing the same, (d) has properly executed and delivered, or will properly execute and deliver, each of such documents to which it is a party, and (e) has duly obtained all consents or approvals of any nature from and made all filings with any governmental authorities necessary for such party to execute, deliver or perform its obligations under such documents to which it is a party. In addition, in rendering such opinions we have assumed, without independent investigation or verification, (i) that the execution and delivery of, and performance of their respective obligations under, the documents executed or to be executed by each party thereto, other than the Company, do not violate any law, rule, regulation, agreement or instrument binding upon such party and (ii) that each of such documents is the legal, valid and binding obligation of, and enforceable against, each party thereto, other than the Company.
We make no representation that we have independently investigated or verified any of the matters that we have assumed for the purposes of this opinion letter.
Based on the foregoing and subject to the qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that, when any applicable state securities laws have been complied with:
1. With respect to any offering of any series of Debt Securities (the “Offered Debt Securities”), when (i) the relevant Indenture, if applicable, has been duly executed and delivered, (ii) an appropriate prospectus supplement with respect to the Offered Debt Securities has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (iii) if the Offered Debt Securities are to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, the underwriting agreement with respect to the Offered Debt Securities has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iv) the board of directors, including any appropriate committee appointed thereby, and appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the Offered Debt Securities and related matters; (v) the terms of the Offered Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the relevant Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law or the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, or to result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company; and (vi) the Offered Debt Securities have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the relevant Indenture and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor, the Offered Debt Securities, when issued and sold in accordance with the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.
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October 31, 2025 Page 3 |
2. With respect to any offering of Warrants (the “Offered Warrants”), when (i) an appropriate prospectus supplement with respect to the Offered Warrants has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (ii) if the Offered Warrants are to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, the underwriting agreement with respect to the Offered Warrants has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iii) the board of directors, including any appropriate committee appointed thereby, and appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the Offered Warrants and related matters, including the adoption of the Warrant Agreement with respect to Warrants to purchase Debt Securities, the Warrant Agreement with respect to Warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares, or the Warrant Agreement with respect to Warrants to purchase Preferred Shares (individually, a “Warrant Agreement”), as the case may be, for the Offered Warrants; (iv) the terms of the Offered Warrants and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, so as not to violate any applicable law or the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, or to result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company; and (v) the Warrant Agreement for the Offered Warrants has been duly executed and delivered and certificates representing the Offered Warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered to the purchasers thereof upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor: (1) the Offered Warrants, when issued and sold in accordance with the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company; and (2) if the Offered Warrants are exercisable for Debt Securities, the Debt Securities issuable upon exercise of the Offered Warrants will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, assuming the relevant Indenture has been duly executed and delivered and assuming the exercise of the Offered Warrants is in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement with respect to Warrants to purchase Debt Securities and is in accordance with the terms of such Indenture.
3. With respect to any offering of Units (the “Offered Units”), when (i) an appropriate prospectus supplement with respect to the Offered Units has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (ii) if the Offered Units are to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, the underwriting agreement with respect to the Offered Units has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iii) the board of directors, including any appropriate committee appointed thereby, and appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the Offered Units and related matters, including the adoption of any Unit Agreement for the Offered Units (the “Unit Agreement”); (iv) the terms of the Offered Units and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, so as not to violate any applicable law or the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, or to result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company; and (v) the Unit Agreement has been duly executed and delivered and certificates representing the Offered Units have been duly executed, authenticated, registered and delivered to the purchasers thereof upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor, the Offered Units, when issued and sold in accordance with the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company.
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October 31, 2025 Page 4 |
The opinions set forth above are subject to the following qualifications:
A. The opinions expressed herein with respect to the legality, validity, binding nature and enforceability of any Securities are subject to (i) applicable laws relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent transfer or other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, whether now or hereafter in effect and (ii) general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, laches, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the principles regarding when injunctive or other equitable remedies will be available (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).
B. The foregoing opinions are limited to the laws of the State of New York and the federal laws of the United States of America, and we express no opinion as to the laws of any other jurisdiction.
The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are as of the date of this opinion letter only and as to laws covered hereby only as they are in effect on that date, and we assume no obligation to update or supplement such opinion to reflect any facts or circumstances that may come to our attention after that date or any changes in law that may occur or become effective after that date. The opinions herein are limited to the matters expressly set forth in this opinion letter, and no opinion or representation is given or may be inferred beyond the opinions expressly set forth in this opinion letter.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to us under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| ArentFox Schiff LLP | ||
| By: | /s/ ArentFox Schiff LLP | |
Exhibit 23.1
 |  |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
EpicQuest Education Group International Limited:
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-3 dated October 31, 2025, of EpicQuest Education Group International Limited and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) of our report dated January 31, 2025, relating to our audits of the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024, and 2023 and for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2024, which are incorporated in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended September 30, 2024, as filed with SEC on January 31, 2025. Our report includes an explanatory paragraph about the existence of substantial doubt concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern
We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ ZH CPA, LLC
Denver, Colorado
October 31, 2025
999 18th Street, Suite 3000, Denver, CO, 80202 USA Phone: 1.303.386.7224 Fax: 1.303.386.7101 Email: admin@zhcpa.us