Operator
Welcome to FSKKR Capital Corp's fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings conference call. Your lines will be in a listen-only mode during remarks by FSKR's meeting. At the conclusion of the company's remarks, we will begin the question and answer session, at which time I will give you instructions on entering the queue. Please note that the conference is being recorded. At this time, Anna Kleinhann, Head of Investor Relations, will proceed with the introduction. Ms. Kleinhann, you may begin.
Good morning and welcome to FSKKR Capital Corp's fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings conference call. Please note that FSKKR Capital Corp may be referred to as FSK, the fund, or the company throughout the call. today's conference call is being recorded and an audio replay of the call will be available for 30 days replay information is included in a press release that FSK issued yesterday in addition FSK is posted on its website a presentation containing supplemental financial information with respect to its portfolio and financial performance for the quarter ended December 31st 2025. A link to today's webcast and the presentation is available on the For Investor section of the company's website under Events and Presentations. Please note that this call is the property of FSK, and the unauthorized rebroadcast of this call in any form is strictly prohibited. Today's conference call includes forward-looking statements and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could affect FSK or the economy generally. We ask that you refer to FSK's most recent filings with the SEC for important factors and risks that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from these statements. FSK does not undertake to update its forward-looking statements unless required to do so by law. In addition, this call will include certain non-GAAP financial measures. For such measures, reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures can be found in FSK's fourth quarter earnings release that was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2026. Non-GAAP information should be considered supplemental in nature and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures may not be the same as similarly named measures reported by other companies. To obtain copies of the company's latest SEC filings, please visit FSK's website. Speaking on today's call will be Michael Foreman, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Dan Peterzak, Chief Investment Officer and President, and Stephen Lilly, Chief Financial Officer. Also joining us on the call today are Co-Chief Operating Officers Drew O'Toole and Ryan Wilson. I'll now turn the call over to Michael.
Thank you, Anna, and good morning, everyone. Thank you all for joining FSK's fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings conference call. I'd like to start today's call by reviewing the goals we set for 2025 and discussing how we performed against those priorities. Our first goal was to originate attractive, well-structured investments, which would be accretive to the quality of our investment portfolio. During 2025, we achieved this goal as our investment team leveraged its deep sponsor relationships to originate $5.6 billion of predominantly first lien and asset-based finance investments. Second, we set out to provide shareholders with $2.80 per share of total distributions through a combination of our quarterly base and supplemental distributions. Our spillover income, which purposely was increased during the high interest rate environment, allowed us to achieve the objective, even against the backdrop of a declining interest rate environment. Our third goal was to continue proactively laddering the right side of our balance sheet. During 2025, we continued to optimize our capital structure by issuing $400 million of new unsecured notes, closing on a new $400 million bilateral lending facility, diversifying our funding sources through two new middle market CLOs, and further enhancing our liquidity profile through an amendment to our senior secured revolving credit facility that increased our total commitment, extended the maturity, and reduced pricing. Despite the achievement of these goals, during the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2025, we experienced downward pressure on a few specific investments across our portfolio, which resulted in a decline in our net asset value. We acknowledge that non-investment-grade private debt investing necessarily will result in underperforming assets from time to time. However, we are disappointed by these markdowns. Dan, of course, will discuss these topics in more detail later in the call. Looking ahead to 2026, our goals are as follows. First, we expect to address underperforming assets through restructurings, exits, and continued proactive portfolio monitoring to reduce the number of non-accruals and non-income producing investments in the portfolio. Second, we will continue our strategy of focusing on first lien senior secured originations with the goal of continuing to increase the overall quality and diversification of our investment portfolio while simultaneously continuing to focus on rotating a portion of our legacy investments. Third, we remain focused on preserving our strong liquidity and balance sheet flexibility by keeping net leverage within our target range and maintaining ample revolver capacity to manage volatility and selectively deploy capital. Turning to our fourth quarter results, FSK generated net investment income totaling 48 cents per share and adjusted net investment income of 52 cents per share as compared to our public guidance of 51 cents and 56 cents per share respectively. Our net asset value share declined by 5% to $20.89 compared to $21.99 as of the end of the third quarter. The two primary components of the quarterly change in net asset value are a $0.22 per share decline as a result of our $0.70 per share distribution compared to our GAAP NAI of $0.48 per share and an $0.87 per share decline as a result of downward pressure on certain investments. From a liquidity standpoint, we ended the quarter with approximately $3.8 billion of available liquidity. Based upon our updated dividend framework and expected operating results, our board has declared a total first quarter distribution of $0.48 per share, consisting of our base distribution of $0.45 per share and a supplemental distribution of $0.03 per share. This represents a 100% payout of our GAAP net investment income and a 9.2% yield on our ending fourth quarter net asset value. With that, I'll turn the call over to Dan to provide additional color on the
market and the quarter. Thanks, Michael. I'd like to start by focusing on FSK's recent performance. As Michael noted, our recent underperformance reflects challenges in certain legacy investments, including Production Resource Group, as well as challenges in certain current advisor-originated investments, such as Medallia, Cubicorp, KBS, and 4840. We are actively engaged in each of these situations and are pursuing company-specific solutions to stabilize performance and maximize recoveries, although we acknowledge each company faces challenges unique to a specific business. We also acknowledge that our non-accrual assets are higher than we would like, which tempers our near-to-intermediate-term view from an NII standpoint. Specifically, this means that our 2026 dividend, which we originally believed would equate to approximately 10% of net asset value, may now be more in the range of 9% of net asset value. Stepping back a bit, focusing on the current advisor's long-term performance. Since the formation of the FSK Care Advisor eight years ago, we have originated $34 billion of investments in FSK, generating an unlevered IRR of 9.1% since inception. And while recent non-accruals have emerged from this body of work, we do believe some level of defaults is inevitable in a sub-investment-grade portfolio, particularly across various market cycles. Nevertheless, we are focused on the work ahead of us during 2026 and beyond, not only to establish more stability in our investment portfolio, but also to regain the market's confidence in our ability to deliver more consistent results on a quarter-to-quarter basis. And with that, I'll turn to a few specific comments about the quarter. During the fourth quarter, approximately 50% of net realized and unrealized losses were attributable to four investments, Production Resource Group, Medallia, Periton, and Cubicorp. We have spoken about most of these investments in detail in the past. However, I'll give a quick update on each name. PRG, a legacy investment, is a leading provider of integrated entertainment and live event production solutions. PRG continues to be impacted by softer operating performance due to headwinds in their TV film and music segments during the quarter we incurred approximately forty seven million dollars of net losses medallia an enterprise software as a service experience management platform has faced competitive pressures which have resulted in the company's recent financial underperformance This investment contributed $29 million of unrealized losses during the quarter. Paraton, a provider of technology-focused services and solutions to U.S. government agencies, contributed $23 million of unrealized losses during the quarter. Cubicorp, an existing non-accrual investment, is a diversified technology provider to defense and civil-related agencies across governments throughout the world. Over recent periods, the company has experienced order and implementation delays, resulting in the current period valuation. Cuba Corp. contributed $21 million of unrealized depreciation during the quarter. Turning to the investing environment, during 2025, we experienced a 13% increase in the number of investment opportunities we evaluated, though I would highlight we are remaining extremely selective. We are focused on continuing to diversify our portfolio by taking smaller position sizes and a greater number of borrowers. Additionally, based on the opportunities we are seeing in the market today, we continue to believe the best risk-adjusted returns are in first lien loans and asset-based finance investments. During the fourth quarter, we originated approximately $1.1 billion of new investments. Approximately 80% of our new investments were focused on add-on financings to existing portfolio companies and long-term KKR relationships. Our new investments, combined with $806 million of net sales and repayments when factoring in sales to our joint venture, equated to a net portfolio increase of $292 million. dollars. New originations consisted of approximately 65% in first lien loans, 15% in asset-based finance investments, 18% in capital calls to the joint venture, and 2% in equity and other investments. Our new direct lending investment commitments had a weighted average EBITDA of approximately $352 million, 6.2 times leverage through our security, and a weighted average coupon of approximately SOFR plus 475 basis points. We continue to focus on upper middle market companies with EBITDA in the $50 to $150 million range across a diverse set of industries and sectors. As of December 31st, the weighted average EBITDA of our portfolio companies was $236 million, and the median EBITDA was $132 million. Our portfolio companies reported a weighted average year-over-year EBITDA growth rate of approximately 4% across companies in which we have invested in since April of 2018 median interest coverage increased to 1.9 times compared to 1.8 times at the end of the third quarter software and services currently represents 16% of our investment portfolio diversified across 50 issuers with an average position size of 33 basis points of our total investment portfolio, average a median EBITDA of approximately $162 million and $110 million, and a median LTV of approximately 39%. This segment of our portfolio historically has been one of our best performers and has been underwritten with a particular focus on primary customer relationships and the durability of revenue and cash flow streams attached to those relationships we will continue to assess potential future AI risks with each investment we analyze as our current belief is that widespread AI adoption may result in an overall expansion of the addressable market even though it likely will negatively impact certain companies which either have not yet achieved meaningful positive cash flows or are less well position from a customer retention standpoint. During the fourth quarter, five investments were added to non-accrual status and one was removed. New non-accrual assets include Alacrity Solutions, Amerivet Partners, Dental Care Alliance, Gracian, and Lionbridge Technologies. Together these investments total $255 million of cost and $214 million of fair value across our investment portfolio. As previously disclosed, Production Resource Group was removed from non-accrual status. As of December 31st, non-accruals represented 5.5% of our portfolio on a cost basis and 3.4% of our portfolio on a fair value basis. This compares to 5% of our portfolio on cost basis and 2.9 percent of our portfolio on a fair value basis as of September 30th. Nonaccruals relating to the 90 percent of our portfolio which has been originated by KKR credit were 5.1 percent on a cost basis and 3.1 percent on a fair value basis as of the end of the fourth quarter. This compares to 3.4 percent on a cost basis and 1.8 percent on a fair value basis as of the end of the third quarter. And while we acknowledge that this non-accrual rate is above the long-term BDC industry average cost basis non-accrual rate of approximately 3.8%, we also recognize that this measure is a point-in-time data point. KKR's long-term average cost basis non-accrual rate since April 2018 is 1.2%. In summary, with regard to our investment portfolio, we recognize there's work to be done, which may result in an above-average level of portfolio volatility during certain periods, coupled with lower levels of net investment income as compared to prior estimates. Portfolio metrics do move over time, and we believe our investment and workout team are well-equipped to successfully navigate this period of elevated portfolio volatility. Lastly, subsequent to quarter-end, we announced that the aggregate capital commitment to our joint venture with South Carolina Retirement Systems Group Trust increased from $2.8 billion to approximately $2.975 billion, reflecting an additional net $175 million contribution from our partner. Following this transaction, our partner's ownership percentage climbed from 12.5% to 21 spot 1%, and our ownership percentage changed from 87 spot 5% to 78 spot 9%. We and our partner have been very pleased with the performance of the JV to date, and this incremental capital positions the joint venture to continue scaling while fully leveraging the breadth and depth of the KKR credit investment platform. With that, I'll turn the call over to Stephen to go through our financial results.
Thanks, Dan. As of December 31, 2025, FSK's investment portfolio had a fair value of $13 billion, consisting of 232 portfolio companies. At the end of the fourth quarter, our 10 largest portfolio companies represented approximately 19% of the fair value of our portfolio, compared to 20% as of the end of the third quarter. We remain focused on senior secured investments as our portfolio consisted of approximately 58% first lien loans and 62% senior secured debt as of December 31st. In addition, our joint venture represented approximately 15% of the fair value of our portfolio as of the end of the fourth quarter. As a result, when investors consider our entire portfolio, looking through to the investments in our joint venture, then first lien loans total approximately 68% of our total portfolio, and senior secured investments total approximately 72% of our portfolio as of December 31st. The weighted average yield on accruing debt investments was 10% as of December 31st, a decrease of 50 basis points compared to 10.5% as of September 30th. As a reminder, Later, the calculation of weighted average yield is adjusted to exclude the accretion associated with the merger of FSKR. Turning to our quarterly operating results, our total investment income was $348 million for the fourth quarter, a decrease of $25 million compared to the third quarter. The primary components of our total quarterly investment income were as follows. Total interest income was $256 million, representing a decrease of $29 million quarter over quarter. The decline in interest income was driven by investments placed on non-accrual during the quarter, lower base rates, and the repayment of higher-yielding investments. Dividend and fee income totaled $92 million, an increase of $4 million quarter over quarter. Our total dividend and fee income is summarized as follows, $58 million of dividend income from our joint venture, other dividends from various portfolio companies totaling approximately $28 million during the quarter, and fee income totaling approximately $6 million during the quarter. Our total expenses were $213 million during the fourth quarter, a decrease of $1 million compared to the third quarter. The primary components of our total expenses were as follows. Our interest expense totaled $110 million, a decrease of $6 million quarter over quarter, and our weighted average cost of debt was 5.1% as of December 31st. Management fees totaled $50 million, a decrease of $1 million quarter over quarter. Incentive fees totaled $28 million, a decrease of $5 million from the third quarter. Other expenses totaled $7 million, a decrease of $3 million quarter over quarter, and lastly, excise tax totaled $18 million during the quarter. The detailed bridge in our net asset value per share on a quarter over quarter basis is as follows. Our ending third quarter 2025 net asset value per share of $21.99 was increased by gap net investment income of $0.48 per share and was decreased by $0.87 per share due to a decrease in the overall value of our investment portfolio. We experienced a $0.01 per share reduction in net asset value from realized loss on extinguishment of debt and a $0.70 per share reduction as a result of the total quarterly distribution paid during the quarter. The sum of these activities results in our December 31, 2021-2025 net asset value per share of $20.89. From a forward-looking guidance perspective, we expect first quarter 2026 GAAP net investment income to approximate 45 cents per share, and we expect our adjusted net investment income to approximate 44 cents per share. The detailed components of our first quarter guidance are as follows. Our recurring interest income on a GAAP basis is expected to approximate $226 million. We expect recurring dividend income associated with our joint venture to approximate $60 We expect fee and other dividend income to approximate $29 million. From an expense standpoint, we expect our management fees to approximate $48 million. dollars. We expect incentive fees to approximate 26 million dollars. We expect interest expense to approximate 104 million dollars, and we expect other G&A expenses to approximate nine million dollars. In December, we closed our third middle market CLO, raising 363 million dollars of low-cost secure debt priced at a weighted average rate of SOFR plus 157 basis points. We are pleased with this financing, given it is match-funded with no mark-to-market at an attractive rate. As of December 31st, our gross and net debt-to-equity levels were 130% and 122% respectively, compared to 120% and 116% at September 30th. Our leverage remains within our target range of 1 to 1.25 times net debt-to-equity. At the end of the fourth quarter, our available liquidity was $3.8 billion, and approximately 62% of our drawn balance sheet and 43% of our committed balance sheet was comprised of unsecured debt. Performing for the $1 billion unsecured bonds that matured on January 15, 2026, 49% of our drawn balance sheet and 38% of our committed balance sheet was comprised of unsecured debt, and our next balance sheet maturity is a $400 million bond in January of 2027. And with that, I'll turn the call back to Michael for a few closing remarks before we open the call for questions.
Thank you, Stephen. As we enter 2026, we actively are focused on working through the portfolio-related items Dan discussed in detail. Our new and recent originations are performing well, and the vast majority of our portfolio continues to perform in line with our original expectations. As a result, we believe our scale, experience, and proactive portfolio management will enable us to maximize recoveries and to continue providing shareholders with an attractive level of current income relative to the risk-free rate. As always, we appreciate you joining us today. With that, operator, please open the line for questions.
Operator
Thank you. I will conduct the question and answer session. To ask a question, you'll need to press star 11 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. Please stand by while we compile our question and answer roster. Your first question comes from the line of Finian O'Shea with Wells Fargo Securities. Your line is now open.
Hi, everyone. Good morning. So just to start, like big picture, FSK is shrinking, which makes it worse and likely stuck below book. So do you ever think about like a grand bargain where say the FS side allows for a lower fee and then the KKR side puts in some balance sheet money to inject life into the BDC and ultimately show that the partnership model can work?
Yeah, good morning, Ben. I mean, that's probably, if you take a step back, I think we have been, I think both sides quite happy with just the partnership, I mean, clearly this has been a harder quarter, you know, but if you do think about, you know, we have originated $34 billion of investments into FSK in the last eight years, you know, the last quarters have felt bumpy, but, you know, I think we've got some work to do clearly on the portfolio. I think we've got some work to do to your point about, you know, how to either, you know, grow this thing or create some levers as it relates to income growth. you know, the short or the low-hanging fruit there is we do have too many non-income. We've been stuck with that for a while because that, you know, really started with some of the older assets. You know, I think us as a team have gone through, you know, I'd say a laundry list of things for any plan as we evolve.
Sorry about that. A follow-on with the performance fee. So one of your peers yesterday, Blackstone, you know, they had a few write-downs. They got a little bit less of an incentive fee. the stock was fine. Do you think that makes sense to revisit again, the look back that is?
Yeah. And I mean, I think we're kind of quite cognizant of fee structures and constantly sort of mapping that to the market or at least where we sit versus other to the market. And then also thinking about where we sit vis-a-vis sort of dividend numbers, right? I think 48 cent odd number. You know, that, we'll call it evaluation, you know, we as a team, and we're in a lot of ways focused on where we want to be today, but probably above. Thanks, Dan. Your next question
Operator
comes in the line of Ethan Kay with Lucid Capital Markets. Your line is now open.
Hey, guys. I'm wondering if there's anything you can kind of point to, any, you know, common thread or common denominator here across, you know, the position that, you know, drove the
the underperformance this quarter yeah Ethan and thanks for the question you know maybe I'll put it in a in a couple of buckets right you know if you do look at the you know the five names that were added to nauticals you know two of those are in the sort of medical or so that's one you know area we are kind of keeping an eye on you know that we've seen a lot of names performing well there but that has sort of has mattered you know retention has mattered that's been across kind of dental as well you know so that is probably you know what I'd say one names where we've seen some of the marks and we went through the script I mean four names throw 50 odd percent of that PRG which has been a tough name for a long ago though the rest of it I would just probably put in the camp ups on some hands and then I guess you know the three kind of other
non-legacy names you mentioned, as well as at least I think one of the new non-accrual names seem to be either, you know, software-centric or software-adjacent, if I'm not mistaken. I'm just curious if, you know, we're obviously hearing a lot about the emergence of AI and the risks that poses to, you know, software companies, wondering if, you know, any kind of pressure
from that dynamic. Yeah, no, it's a very fair question considering what's, you know, going on news wise I mean the overall portfolio from software for us is about 16% you know I think we have been evaluating what I would call AI risk in that portfolio for some time you know not just on the back of the recent news flow you know we do have the benefit of working with our private equity colleagues and have come up with this sort of what I'll call framework looking at 20 different, you know, data points to assess, you know, what might be high risk or not. You know, I think from an investing perspective, we have focused on what I would call mission critical products, you know, those that are sort of hard to rip out or have focused on, you know, those businesses that, you know, in our opinion, truly have proprietary data. You know, I think we have not been active in the ARR space, right? You know, we do have one ARR loan left which is Medallia which we sort of talked about you know I think when you put all that together you know when we look at our portfolio we got sort of roughly 2% of the names that we think have a high AI risk attached to them of the names you you've got a referred to you look at you know the the ones that you know were talked about as it relates to driving the mark I don't think that they actually had anything to do with AI as it relates to you know under performance it's it's really more in that operational camp you know the one that did would be Lionsbridge right you know that that business is a language translation business and sort of a gaming business you know the language business has you know in our opinion had some headwinds from that we think the gaming business is quite attractive I think for a you know for a long time, and I think we still might believe we could be covered from that gaining. Really not AI-driven. Thanks very much for that. Thank you. Your next
Operator
question comes from the line of Aaron Siganovich with Truist Securities. Your line is now open. Thanks.
The 2026 goal. The line's not great, but I think the
question was around sort of maximizing value. So if I don't answer it fully, please add to it. I think we did talk about our 26 goals, right? I mean, clearly addressing these underperforming assets has to be top of that list. You know, I think the other parts of it relate to getting more diversification in the portfolio. You know, got a deep and solid, you know, specifically those who function on the work outside. You know, we've got 25 odd people focused on portfolio monitoring. You know, I do think, Aaron, it's a little bit of a case-by-case basis. I think there are some things that I would expect to be you know multi-year events you know and and you know somebody PRG has been multi-year already I think there are some where we think there could be a you know either faster sale process either because it be a creative or sort of a risk management point you know in several of these businesses we have replaced management teams you know brought in new senior leadership, you know, used our senior advisor network. So, you know, it will be case by case. I would caution to say that, you know, it's not an overnight thing, right? We do believe it will take some, you know.
And maybe you can just provide a little more details on the JV equity, you know, change there and, you know, what drove that and how much of a drag will that be from the dividend
income associated with that? Yeah, you know, fair question. You know, we've been happy with the joint venture. I think that's the starting point, right? We've talked about a lot on target number of, you know, roughly 10 to 15 percent. It's been at the upper end of that range. We do want to see it continue time, which that was really the driver here. You know, South Carolina has been a great partner for us. You know, then putting additional capital in, I think you can just equate to a kind of selling a set sort of that, you know, kind of the mark, and then you can use that those proceeds to reinvest into other places. So there's some offset to that, to your question around, you know, any sort of dividend reduction. But the point and the purpose of it was, you know, to allow the entity to grow you know my guess is you know over time you will see our percentage potentially sort of take back up as we could continue to put additional sort of capital in there you know that's not necessarily automatically will happen but it's about trying to you know continue to grow I think it will have us out of the gate big thank you your next question comes
Operator
to the line of Casey Alexander with compass point research and trading your
line is now open yeah hi good morning and thank you for taking my questions i i have one question and one follow-up my first question is look i hate to bring up what might seem like a tired old refrain but at the moment you know the stock is trading at 55 percent a book and and that's you know kind of screams not to invest in new loans but to take repayments and start buying the stock Could you guys give us some feeling for your temper in regards to beginning to initiate, you know, meaningful stock repurchases? And I know, look, I know the employees have bought the stock. I know the advisors bought the stock. But at this point in time, your only road to increasing NAV at this point in time is accretive share repurchases at such a dramatic discount to book value.
Yeah. And good morning, Casey. Thanks for the questions. You know, I think we understand the point there. You know, I think as the entity, you know, these numbers might not be perfect, but I think we have historically bought back $350 million of stock. That's probably more than sort of most out there. it is something that we do have to consider I think the only thing on the other side of that that I just need to be mindful about is you know the market noise and or volatility and I do believe some of that is overdone out there broadly but that's kind of top of mind and then where we're at vis-a-vis sort of leverage and target leverage but it is yeah something yeah I and the
The fact that maybe some of the movement in the stock is related to broader market noise would argue even more, I would think, to buying it here, because some of that will then be relieved by the absence of the market noise, and this would be the most accretive level. My second question is, you know, there have been multiple reports of, you know, pretty material dislocation in the fix and flip market, and FSK has a significant investment in TORAC, and so I was wondering if you could remind us what the structure of the TORAC investment is and how it's performing.
Yeah. So if you go back, I mean, that investment was initially made in 2016. It, in a lot of ways, started out in probably thinking about it almost as a trade, meaning that there was no institutional footprint out there. We wanted to capitalize on that. when we did the deal back in 2016, I probably would have been happy if we did $1 to $2 billion of loans. I think when we do look at it today, we've done $12.5 billion of loans. I think the cumulative losses for the entity over the 10 years have been roughly $100 million, so that's you know, held up pretty well. You know, I think we have seen, and I don't think your point's wrong, Casey. I'll come back to the other side of that. I think we have seen some positive sort of points. Their direct origination business did almost $800 million or $820 million last year. They do have a business in the UK that's been quite effective and quite strong. You know, I think we have seen higher delinquencies in the U.S., you know, roughly 10%, you know, although that's been, you know, sort of stabilizing. I think we have seen ROEs challenged, right? Some of that relates to the delinquency number. Some of that relates to the rate environment where the interest rate on the loans did not move anywhere near the financing cost did, right? That has had an impact on us, right? Our dividends out of TORAC, which have historically been roughly 10% per year, have been lower. We've seen some impact to the mark there, but arguably over the 10-year period has been a positive story. It is treated like a portfolio company, meaning it is an active originator on a direct basis as well as a buyer of loans in the U.S. And, you know, and so we can either be the benefactor of those cash flows, some of the loans that have originated, especially from some, I think the ROE has been the best.
Okay, thank you for taking my question.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question, come to the line of brick. Shane with J.P. Morgan, your line is now open.
Hey, guys, thanks for taking my questions this morning. Look, Casey really covered, I think, as far as I'm concerned, the most important structural issue in terms of repurchasing shares. Look, you guys had over $5 billion come in last year, $5 billion the year before that. Presumably, the run rate in terms of repayments will be similar this year, which should provide a fair amount of liquidity for repurchases. You know, I haven't, listening to all the BDC calls, I haven't heard anybody make a super compelling case for, wow, there's this incredible dislocation, this opportunity to deploy capital into new loans that's so attractive. What is out there that's actually more accretive to both earnings and, again, to NAV than repurchasing shares at this point?
yeah and thanks for the question Rick I I think the you know the investing environment has been you know maybe the right word is is interesting over the last handful of years right there's been a a lot of you know different forms of market events you're the market I think on the direct lending side to be fair has felt decently tight in terms of you have seen spread compression. I think a lot of that has had to do with inflows were high. I do think the inflows from the wealth channel was a driver of that, and that was really coupled with what's called lower than normal M&A volumes. You can talk about a little bit of a market technique. You know, I think the offset to that is, you know, I think the quality of the companies that have been accessing the market is strong. I think the size of the companies that have been accessing the market has been good. You know, I think we prefer to. You know, I think the thing we have tried to focus on is getting diversification in the book, right? So that was, you know, growing the joint venture was one form of that. You know, we got up to the target number. You know, we have seen some compelling. a friendly environment as we go through. I think that will very much skew based upon how open the capital markets is, which it is pretty open right now. I think you'll see the flows maybe sort of temper a bit, and then you'll have to see what happens in the capital markets as a very driver.
I appreciate the answer. Look, there's the old curse, may you live in interesting times. I'm not sure about you guys, but I'm tired of interesting times. That's it for me. Thanks, guys.
Operator
Thank you. Next question comes to the line of Robert Dodd with Raymond James. Your line is now open.
Excuse me. Sorry, I'm a cuffing from that thing at Rick's line because I agree with him on that one. So a couple of questions on credit, not surprising. On the main markdowns this quarter, I mean, PRG, Medallia, Paraton, I mean, Qubik's already on non-acrual. Those are the three. I mean, PRG just came off non-acrual. It's marked down. I mean, looking at the scale of the marks, I got a question. Is there a high probability that those businesses end up on non-acrual as well, or large segments of them? Do they have to go through aggressive restructurings where even if they don't go on protocol, you equitize a bunch of the debt? And, you know, and those, you know, is there an incremental risk? In addition, obviously, to the five new ones this quarter, those three, you know, PRG, which has been a process already, but the first restructuring didn't stick. you know, is there a material risk that there's more earnings loss to come from those assets?
Yeah, and Your Honor, thank you for that. I, you know, I think on each of those names, you know, there's what I would call, you know, some level of active dialogue, or, you know, over time, it's evolved to as much as a level two asset as some of that, you know so I think as we as you look go down the list of those right I think we're trying to make significant changes on the PRG large chunk of you know I think the lenders have been doing a lot of work on the cubic side but frankly
some headwinds on from the government I think prior time had some good news
right and then on onto the you mentioned this in response to another question I
mean that the health care and the roll-up issue I'm a few years ago physician office roll-off, I'm not just talking about your portfolio at this point, right, and then it became dental, I mean, you've got DCA, but a lot of other people at DCA and two other dental businesses went back on monocle this quarter elsewhere, and you had, I mean, obviously that's been an evolving theme, the roll-up issue within the healthcare space has become, it doesn't seem to be getting fixed, right, broadly across space, is there, you know, this it continues to spiral I mean there's still plenty of dental businesses that aren't currently feeling those pressures across in your portfolio and elsewhere and the same thing like with vets and you know what's the next shooters to drop on the roll-up strategy kind of breaking down as it exists in your
portfolio yeah I mean I think that is a fair question and I think you're you're correct it was for you know some period of time probably one of the darlings of both PE and direct lending you know we it is an emerging theme in our mind or it has been for you know the last handful of quarters you know I think we saw it initially on things that were let's call it consumer discretionary sort of focused right so they were sort of struggling we have seen as I talked about before kind of the wage inflation remains sort of a challenge there you know we have seen we'll call it very different performance you know even within the dental space on certain names you know so and some of that goes to we'll call it structure of business or how the employees are getting compensated you know whether they own part of their individual practice or whether everybody you own something sort of up top so you know it is it is a little case specific you know I think for us you know we're 5.7 percent of the portfolios and these medical sort of roll-ups you have 3.3 percent of that is dental you know DCA went on non accrual you know it's got sort of marked down this quarter I think we feel pretty good about that business that team you know I I think we were in, we'll call it, live discussions with the junior debt holders and sponsors there. You know, it feels like it's going to be a 1L-led solution. But, you know, that business is actually, you know, doing, we'll call it broadly okay or at least in line with plan, but I think being a 21 investment at a different rate environment just over leveraged. You know, we have seen some other names out there that have, you know, inside of this quarter, you know, struggled a bit more in the dental space, right? We have one of those in affordable care.
Operator
Thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes in a line of Dylan Hines with B. Riley Securities. Your line is now open.
Hey, how's it going? Thanks for taking the question. I know we talked about this quite a little bit here, but I guess what was the inflection point coming from last quarter's expectations of decreasing nonaccruals? You know, there's the pro forma guide of 3.6% in cost and 1.9% of fair value after PRG restructuring. But I guess, like, what, yeah, what was the, you know, the breaking point coming from that to where we are now?
Yeah. You'll get another fair question. I do think just to be there, I think the 3.6% was just kind of giving a pro forma knowing that PRG. I think that if you look at the non-accruals, really the three of the names are quite small from a market value perspective. The real drivers are really DC. I just talked about DC on the prior call. That was a live conversation with those who were subordinate to us. Lions Bridge, we were in an active sales process. We do think parts of that business. It was the one space. So I think the events.
Operator
Thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Finan O'Shea with Wells Fargo Securities. Your line is now open.
All right. Appreciate the follow. I'll be less abstract this time. No problem. I wanted to get an update on – I know you talked about the dividend a little bit, but part of the sort of to the finality here was the spillover item. Can you give us an update there? Did you, like, reach your target range, and or should we anticipate specials, like, on top of the supplemental program?
Yes, and I'll let Stephen kind of go through that. I think just for everybody's benefit on the call, we did change the dividend policy in the last call, you know, the 45 base.
Then we ended the year, I think the number in the 10K is the estimates. What I'd say in that is we have late 24 timing differences on that, and so we will know much more.
So it's not like last year, 45 is your true NOI target?
Yeah, I think what we've said in terms of the dividend is as gap net investment income moves quarter to quarter, then the dividend will move as well. then if we need to make an additional payment later on a related basis, we will be guaranteeing the market.
Operator
Thank you. This concludes the question and answer session, and I would now like to turn it back to Dan Peterczak for closing remarks.
Thank you, everyone, for your time on the call today. We very much appreciate it. We are available for any follow-up questions as needed, and if not, we look forward to speaking with you on our Q1 call.
Operator
Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you may now disconnect.