Good day, everyone, and welcome to the PDF Solutions Incorporated conference call to discuss its financial results for the third quarter ending Wednesday, August 31, 2022. All participants are in a listen-only mode. If you have not received a copy of the press release, it is available on PDF’s website at www.pdf.com. Some statements made during this conference are forward-looking, including those about PDF’s future financial results, performance, growth rates, and demand for its solutions. Actual results may differ significantly. Please refer to the Risk Factors section on Pages 17 through 30 of PDF’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and similar disclosures in subsequent SEC filings. The forward-looking statements and risks mentioned are based on information available to PDF at this time, and PDF does not have an obligation to update them. Now, I’d like to introduce John Kibarian, PDF’s President and Chief Executive Officer, and Adnan Raza, PDF’s Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Kibarian, please proceed.

Thank you for joining us on today’s call. If you’ve not already seen our earnings press release, management report, and 10-Q for the third quarter, please go to the Investors section of our website where each has been posted. I will start the discussion by providing commentary on the third quarter and early part of the fourth quarter. From there, I’ll provide our impressions of the current state of the semiconductor industry, the situation concerning geopolitical factors, and the potential impact of the general economy on our business. I will conclude with our expectations for PDF business for the remainder of the year before handing the call over to Adnan for a more detailed financial update. On our last quarter’s call, we expressed our confidence in the second half of 2022 bookings. We pointed out that the protracted nature of some of our large multi-element engagements with customers meant that bookings would be lumpy and generally stronger in the second half than the first half. The third and early fourth quarter bookings show that we are realizing that prediction. Notable events include bookings of Cimetrix on-time licenses that were near all-time highs, even as our equipment partners continue to experience part shortages that limited some of their shipments. Bookings of Exensio in the quarter included an eight-figure contract with a large integrated device manufacturer to renew cloud-hosted manufacturing analytics for several additional years and to add deployment of test operations for both the customers’ internal test and multiple assets, which enables this customer to leverage the platform benefits. At the beginning of the fourth quarter, we booked a multi-year renewal for characterization and DFI infrastructure and for services for a customer using PDF systems on the leading edge. The last contract enables our customer’s engineers to use the cloud-based Exensio Analytics and our software for IP hardening, design manufacturing co-optimization, as well as characterization vehicle test chips and our DFI systems on-premise. The contract term is through 2027, and while the total value of the contract is the largest in our history, it is also just the minimum commitment by the customer. Outlined in the contract is a mechanism that allows the customer to order additional elements such as additional cloud capacity or additional eProbe tools on a subscription basis. Revenue in the quarter was a significant step-up over Q2, and Adnan will go through the details. This included additional revenue from organic growth and Gainshare at 28-nanometer volumes at multiple customers, particularly in China, which grew substantially for the third quarter. Gainshare from the most significant 28-nanometer contract runs through the end of the decade and is not subject to any current geopolitical restrictions. A year ago, when our legacy Gainshare contracts ended, we felt that Q3 2021 would be the bottom for Gainshare revenue, and we expected to see a rebound. For years, we have said that we expect Gainshare on 28-nanometer, particularly in China, would increase at some point, and we are pleased to see the increase this year. Turning to partnerships, we continue to increase activity. As you may have seen, Advantest has announced their app store with four Exensio apps already available. We anticipate releasing additional apps to the Advantest store in the fourth quarter this year and early next year. We booked additional licenses for our first integrated product, Dynamic Parametric Test, or DPT, that was originally released in 2021. With the success of DPT and these new apps available for the ACS Edge box, we believe our relationship with Advantest will continue to progress. You may have also seen that Exensio is now featured on the Manufacturing Intelligence section of the Amazon website, covering AWS solutions for high-tech electronics and semiconductors. Overall, we anticipate that our investments in strategic collaborations will bear more fruit in the coming years. With strong bookings in Exensio, Cimetrix connectivity, characterization, and DFI systems as well as continued progress with our partners, the third quarter demonstrated PDF Solutions’ broad value and strategic relevance across the IC ecosystem. From equipment companies to system manufacturers, PDF’s data analytics platform is becoming ubiquitous in the IC industry. Moreover, our strong bookings in the year so far mean we will end 2022 with a strong backlog. Remember that our backlog does not include Gainshare, Cimetrix’s on-time licenses, or overage charges for Exensio usage. When factoring in our expectations for these as well as our committed backlog, we expect to enter 2023 in our strongest position ever. Now let me turn to our perspective on the geopolitical situation, IC industry, and the general economy. As many of you have seen, as of October 7, the U.S. government placed restrictions on U.S. entities and persons from shipping edge logic, DRAM, or flash facilities in China that are not owned by multinationals. We have been studying these regulations closely and have worked with outside counsel and the U.S. government for clarification. In addition to any potential impact on our ability to sell or support our products and services, we believe these new regulations may impact our customers in China that are developing advanced nodes and change their buying habits. At the least, it may delay some buying decisions on their part. As a result, although our current business is not immediately impacted significantly, we are being conservative in estimating the potential impact on our future business in 2023 at this time. There is a silver lining here, and you see it in our revenue from China this year when compared to last. China revenue in the third quarter of this year is up 80% over last year’s comparable quarter, primarily due to Cimetrix licenses, Exensio, and Gainshare, even after adjusting for onetime Gainshare in Q3. Moreover, PDF has been in China since 2006, and particularly through the pandemic, has built out a team that can support and serve our customers locally. We have not had any U.S. expats in China since 2018. Hence, while there may be restrictions on some of our products, we anticipate our Chinese customers investing less in the leading-edge technologies and more in 28 and above, as well as in fabless entities moving to production. We, therefore, expect that we will have important products we can sell them, complete with fully local support. We believe China is an important market for PDF to continue to serve while ensuring full compliance with the U.S. rules and regulations. As for the IC industry and general economy, it is clear that our customers to varying degrees, whether they are in the equipment, foundry, fabless, or system business, are either experiencing or anticipating a slowdown. At the same time, the economic slowdown is occurring, the CHIPS Act has passed in the U.S. and other countries, and there are significant movements in the supply chain with customers expanding capacity globally. As a result, it is a particularly active time in the industry, with both benefits for and pressures on our business. So far, the benefits have greatly outweighed the pressures. We believe this is due in part to the choices we have made over the years that have made the business more resilient. This is evidence that PDF Solutions is well on the way to becoming the platform of choice for advanced data and analytics solutions for the IC ecosystem. I want to thank our employees for their commitment to the company, our customers, and their colleagues, which has helped us thrive through the COVID lockdown, grow through the chip shortage, navigate the geopolitical landscape, and manage the chip supply corrections. With a large backlog, a strong PDF team located around the world, valued products and services, and committed customers, we expect to continue success in driving adoption of our solutions. Now, I’ll turn the call over to Adnan for a review of the financials, after which we will open the call for your questions.

Thank you, John. Good afternoon, everyone. Good to speak again with you today, and I hope all of you and your families are keeping safe. We are pleased to review the financial results of the third quarter and to bring you up to date on the progress of the business. We have posted our earnings release and management report on the Investor Relations section of our website. Our Form 10-Q has also been filed with the SEC today. Please note that all of the financial results we discuss on today’s call will be on a non-GAAP basis, and a reconciliation to GAAP financials is provided in the materials on our website. Financial results for the third quarter of 2022 were strong and continued our momentum with record revenue and solid year-over-year performance. It is worth noting that with the Cimetrix acquisition, which closed in 2020, this year 2022 will reflect an entirely organic revenue growth year versus last year. We are pleased to report that third quarter total revenue was $39.9 million, up 35% from the comparable quarter last year and up 15% versus the prior quarter of Q2 this year. Our strong results were positively impacted by four factors. First, our 2022 bookings through today surpassed our full year 2021 bookings. The largest deal for the third quarter was a multi-year $10-plus million Exensio deal, with revenue recognition over time, which we believe has the opportunity to expand over the contract term and sets us up well for renewal from future elevated levels. Q4 bookings through today exceed $100 million and will be recognized over multiple years. Including this, bookings for the second half of the year are already two times larger than bookings for the first half of the year. Second, we experienced onetime increases this quarter in customer-reported Gainshare shipments of approximately $2 million related to customer production rates earlier in the year. Third, our Exensio business also had onetime services-related revenues recognized this quarter, which were significantly smaller than the onetime increases in Gainshare I just mentioned. Fourth, our Gainshare during Q3 was more than three times the Gainshare in the year-ago quarter, even after adjusting for the onetime Gainshare in the quarter. While quarter-to-quarter, we may experience fluctuations due to customer production driven by two factors, internal constraints and end market demands. Over the longer term, we expect Gainshare to be a strong contributor to our results through the end of the decade. Turning to the components of our revenue. Analytics revenue was up 21% to $39 million in Q3 this quarter versus the same quarter last year and was up 6% sequentially versus the prior quarter of this year. Across the board, we are pleased with the strong year-over-year growth from all pieces of our analytics platform. Exensio Analytics leading-edge and Cimetrix connectivity. IYR revenue for the quarter was $7 million, a strong increase of 196% for the same quarter on a year-over-year basis and 97% versus Q2 of the year. All this said, as we look at 2023, we remain cautious about the macro, geopolitical, and regulatory environment, and continue to evaluate the various restrictions, especially U.S.-China relations. On expenses, our combined spend from cost of sales and operating expenses for the quarter was up $1.9 million over the last quarter, driven primarily by increases in headcount to support our growing business, some cloud costs, and small increases in travel expenses as we visit customers. Our gross margin for the quarter of 72% benefited from the onetime high-margin Gainshare during this quarter. As we have said before, while we have a strong focus on managing expenses from quarter-to-quarter, we will make the necessary investments to enhance our technological capabilities and competitive position to further cement the strategic relevance of our data analytics platform. We are pleased with the positive $0.20 of non-GAAP EPS reported this quarter as a result of a combination of both items, strong revenues and minimum expenses. For the year-to-date through Q3, we have now generated $0.41 of non-GAAP EPS. We look forward to Q4 and delivering on a strong year. Given this – bookings growth, we expect to close this year with record backlog, meaningfully above last year’s level. We also track uncontracted backlog of what we internally call shadow backlog, which is not reported in our committed backlog numbers and encompasses estimates for Gainshare, Cimetrix licenses, and overages on Exensio cloud usage. While strong backlog will position us well for the coming years, with multiple macroeconomic and regulatory changes, we are evaluating our models for 2023 and will provide an update on the next earnings call concluding fiscal year 2022 results. Turning to the balance sheet, we ended the quarter with cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of approximately $116 million and no debt. Now turning to forecast for the full year revenue for 2022, we believe we can close out 2022 with a year-over-year growth rate approaching 30%. Purely organically, this would be 26% year-over-year growth we delivered for 2021. We believe we are just at the start of the multiyear growth cycles of PDF and our stockholders where we have established our data analytics, collection, and connectivity platform and are starting to garner attention and recognition from the leading cloud and professional players, ERP leaders, and semiconductor test software and hardware platforms.

Andrew, do you have a question?

Yes. So on the last call, you talked about having identified, I think, a valuable application at DFI and sort of your initial customer's usage has noticeably risen and sort of enthusiasm for selling either additional tools and driving further adoption and commercialization. Perhaps you could give us a little bit more of an update? Does that deal that you signed in early Q4 include an additional machine? Any other sort of color you could provide on that would be great.

Sure, Andrew. Yes. The contract that we described in that we signed in early Q4 does include and it’s actually the piece of it are these applications, a particular one that we talked about on the last call for design for inspection in the eProbe and does include eProbe shipment in the contract. As I said in the prepared remarks, it also includes the ability to consume additional machines as negotiated in the terms of the contract as well. So they have the ability to expand beyond what is minimally committed in the contract also. That’s why I spoke with some confidence in the last call. And as I said in prepared remarks, these are very large significant contracts that bookings tend to be lumpy. So one eight-figure contract closed in the quarter in Q3. The other contracts that we talked about had a total bookings value in excess of $100 million in Q4, which was signed in the early part of Q4.

Second, that eight-figure, I think IDM Exensio deal sounded like it was both servicing internally as well at their OSAT. Is this I think you’ve talked in the past about trying to secure some like deep thread customers to really ramp or expand the DEX networks at OSATs to create this sort of virtuous ability to share information throughout the ecosystem. Is that involved here? Am I reading too much into that?

You’re correct, Andrew. Yes, this does include both support for their internal test floors, which is a closed world, as well as PDF supporting fully DEX nodes as their OSATs run on PDF’s environment so that they, as well as others, can enjoy real-time access to their test flow. Along with some other contracts that we’ve been doing, that some of which we’ll talk about in the future, expand the network of DEX nodes, and I think it gives customers more real-time access to their data around the world.

And then I guess maybe the last question I had was, obviously, great to see the strength in the bookings through this call. What are you seeing activity-wise, sort of as you look through the balance of the quarter? Is there still strong demand? Is there going to be a change in behavior at all?

Yes. It’s been obviously, the fourth quarter starts up very strong. We still have a number of contracts in discussion and negotiation with customers, and we expect we are not done yet for the quarter. We’re not sending everyone home on holiday in November or whatever date it is today. So there’s quite a bit to get done for the remainder of the year. We do see a lot of activity on the part of our customers and their desire to move forward. Obviously, we’re not immune to and not oblivious to the slowdown in the chip industry overall and the economy. But so far, it’s been very good for us and continues to be. We just don’t know what that means for 2023. We could look at it and say, "Well, it’s great. Everything is going to be super great," and when you look out and say, "Okay, the general economy is going to be bad." At this point, we have no reason to change our own outlook internally. I don’t know how you guys are all going to build your models, but I don’t know under what data you could use to meaningfully move models up or down in this environment because there have been a lot of local things that are quite good for us, and when you look in the general market and say, there are a lot of troubling things out there geopolitically and in the general economy anyway.

Great. Thank you.

We’ll now hear from Tom Diffely from D.A. Davidson.

Yes, hello, good afternoon. And it turns out that I pressed star 1 like 20 times and the last time it finally worked. So there was a little something wrong with the system getting to go. I’m sure there’s probably others that have been pressing star 1 as well. Anyway, John, I was wondering if you could just give us a little bit more of your view of how the geopolitical restrictions are going to impact you in the mid and long term. I know there are a lot of cross currents going on right now, but just from a big picture point of view.

Yes. So from a big picture perspective, Tom, we’ve been trying to square the circle. Of course, there are specific things regarding our products, which ones we can and can’t do in China and how we can operate in China. There are a number of layers to that. Not only do the products need to have no U.S. content, but also the way you operate that needs to be in situations where you don’t have U.S. people. If you’re going to work with ABC factories, what we call advanced node factories. We believe most of our activity with customers is not on leading-edge, but actually on trailing edge facilities, fabless companies accessing trailing edge fabs, and other parts of the supply chain. When we looked at our forecast out for bookings in 2023 and 2024, we think some of the things associated with leading-edge probably won’t happen for a variety of reasons, not the least of which they can’t get equipment to do what they need to do. At the same time, we see customers accelerating what they’re doing on trailing edge nodes in China. We think this is going to change their buying behavior, which is kind of reflected in my prepared remarks. We think we have plenty to sell them on those nodes and capabilities. Irrespective of what we are able to do with leading-edge fabs, it doesn’t really matter very much. We think most of the market for us in China will be on the mature nodes in 2023. What we don’t know is just how the buying patterns will change in China. Obviously, the U.S. has been very aggressive with these restrictions. We don’t know how the Chinese government will react and what that means. It gives us a moment of pause just to think, okay, we don’t really – even if we have customers that want to buy and we have things that we can sell them and ways of delivering, we don’t know what it really means over the long-term. In the short and medium term, it’s been quite good for us on 28-nanometers. We talked about the Gainshare on Exensio usage, etc. When we look further out, we’re going to assess what really is going to happen. It’s very hard to forecast the future in this regard.

Okay. That’s very helpful. When you look at the mature nodes, is it across the board of the mature nodes? Or is there a particular sector like power or silicon carbide that’s really driving a lot of that activity level right now?

It is across the board there. They have a big effort on the electrification of automobiles in China. So, you do see a lot on the high-voltage stuff going on in China. You also see 28-nanometer in microcontrollers and in IoT of things and everything in between. We do see quite a bit of activity with customers across many product families that are not subject to U.S. restrictions at this time.

Okay. And then moving over to the Gainshare. It sounded like there was about a $2 million onetime piece of that. Was that just for work done in prior quarters? Is it a catch-up period as well? Or is there something more to it?

Yes. First of all, we are happy that, that Gainshare number is much higher than we expected. Overall, it helps the trend compared to Q3 of last year for what we are seeing. So yes, I think the right way to think about it is on a year-to-date basis in terms of progress. Yes, it’s related to later reporting from the customer, particularly some of those customers were experiencing some COVID-related shutdowns. So from a reporting standpoint, they’re caught up with the reporting during this quarter.

Okay. But it looks like if you take out that $2 million, you’re showing some nice growth in that line item?

Yes. I mean Q3, just for that particular customer and of itself, even if you took out the onetime adjustments, it was a very respectable growth compared to Q1 and Q2 of this year. Overall from this customer, we’re starting to see the volumes ramp up similar to what John said earlier, that is trailing edge volumes that we see picking up.

Great. And then finally, obviously, nice to see the Advantest offer the DPT come out. How many such projects do you think are rolling out over the next several years?

Well, certainly, it’s hard to forecast, Tom. But I can say over the next couple of quarters, we expect to put out a number of additional applications for Advantest that you’ll see us announce. There are also other activities with Siemens testing and productization going on, work with cell phone productization, and activities with SAP and the productization of the integration of analytics with ERP systems. Each one of these partnerships, when we take them on, we make a commitment on the development side, not just the marketing and press release side of it. There will be products associated at least one product associated with each of these releases. In the case of Advantest, where we have the most work going on, we are already at the four on the website plus DPT and a handful more of them in the next couple of quarters, so we’ll quickly be approaching 10 apps across just for them.

Yes, thanks for taking the question. I think I hit star 1 20 times. Real quick on this new contract you’ve got, part of it is DFI. It sounds like it is a subscription service? Or are you shipping a tool? And sort of what does that do to the availability of DFI tools after this transaction?

Sure. It does include shipping the tool. As I said in my prepared remarks, Exensio and our IT hardware, what we call Templatizer, our design manufacturing optimization software, are available on the Exensio Cloud, so they access that from the cloud. However, the characterization vehicle and the DFI infrastructure need to be on-premise. So those are on-premise, and that will ship. That will, of course, reduce the number of machines that we could ship. To be candid with you, Gus, we really only have a couple that we could truly ship to customers at this point beyond what we’re committed to in 2023. We also are very careful to ensure that our customers are maximizing the value of what we shipped and that they are moving appropriately. We think there’s plenty of revenue growth on the way we’ve structured the business to ensure we support the customers well so they get the full leverage of the capability. I think we’re well on the way to making that work with this existing installed base as well as being able to take on additional customers.

Got it. And then on the eight-figure deal, that was an existing customer. It sounds like it was a new contract. Could you give me a sense if they were at a certain run rate? How much did it increase in this new contract? And then, do you have other ones like it teed up?

Yes. Specific to how much it increased: it was in the tens of percent. The specific number, I don’t know off the top of my head. It is an expansion on all their test floors. It is a movement to the cloud for the infrastructure from a very distributed on-premise deployment. It also includes the ability for them to expand into advanced AI and analytics, connections to their ERP, and other things that are upsells, as well as expansions on the number of testers and cloud capacity. While it is a significant deal, I think it is the largest contract, with the exception of Advantest, that we’ve ever closed for Exensio. It has the ability to grow pretty substantially. Secondly, do we have others like this? Yes, many of our customers that are on Exensio cloud manufacturing analytics are starting to see the potential of connecting their cloud to the edge with our DEX nodes and edge capability, enabling them to get higher operational efficiency on their manufacturing assets, better product quality, and better product yields. In this case, we were able to demonstrate that to the customer, and we’re really excited about the commitment they made to Exensio. We are engaged with other customers on similar expansions. Some of them are partway through their contracts. This is a customer that was at the end of their time-based licenses. So it all got done as one renewal. Other customers may just tack on contract value, but the annual recurring run rate will be similar in size, if not larger.

Okay, so this was a transition from TBL to perpetual?

No, to cloud.

To cloud, rather.

Yes, not perpetual.

Yes, my bad. And then last one for me. On the deferred revenue line, it was up quite a bit sequentially. And I was just wondering what that was related to?

Yes. I mean part of it is going to be billings that happened within the quarter. We have some big customers, one of whom John mentioned related to Advantest. So when we bill, then the deferred revenue will move up because of that, and then we’ll work our way through consuming that. Of course, some of the bookings number, if they’ve been billed, we'll also start to reflect on that. So overall, it’s the billings-related impact that you will start to see in the deferred revenue, which we’re happy about.

Got it. All right. Thanks so much.

Thanks, Gus. Sorry about the technical difficulty.

Yes, it happens.

Next is from Christian Schwab of Hallum Capital Group.

Hey guys. So just a quick question, maybe it was in the prepared comments. I know we talked about greater than $100 million in bookings. I think last quarter, you said your backlog was at $184 million. Do you have an updated number for us?

Yes. We put it in the filing. It’s about $185 million, which, by the way, is only up about $1 million or so. But the reality is the fact that we had a record revenue quarter and still were able to incrementally move up the backlog is something that makes us very happy.

And the $100 million of bookings that we discussed on the call, Christian, you might have missed, was for Q4. So, what Adnan is referring to is the value at the end of Q3. So you would take that booking and make it additive to that backlog number.

Excellent. Okay, perfect. That’s where I was slightly confused. I appreciate, I think in the beginning of the prepared remarks, I think you guys were going to wait one more quarter to give the situation in China and slowdown in dislocations certain high-volume markets that the semiconductor industry is facing. That being said, we started the year thinking that we were at 20% to 25% business. We’re going to end up at 30%. We’ve added new partners. We’ve just talked about huge deals, and we talked about the huge bookings as they’re going to happen in Q4. I mean, as a baseline, I assume it’s safe for us to still think about 20% to 25% for 2023.

Yes. I mean, at this point, Christian, we really are – we normally would give this perspective in our February call, and we still want to. That would be in the year where there’s more visibility. This is a pretty crazy year. I jokingly said I like our house; I’m not sure about the neighborhood. When you just look around, we don’t know how that stuff isn’t going to affect us at some point. So far, it hasn’t. We had obviously a great year on the progress. We had a great year, so we are just being cautious. If I were, we’re not changing our internal models. I don’t know why someone would change the models on the outside yet until we get a little further along. It’s very easy to just go back and change them because I understand what you’re talking about; it’s all – when you look at our pattern, it’s very positive, and it’s easy to get excited. But at this point, prudence may suggest to not change things until we understand more about the world.

Great. And then my last question is just for clarity on China. So, you have limited exposure on leading-edge Memory or Foundry, Logic customers, where a lot of – well, where the government has stopped the ability of U.S. companies to work with. Did I hear that correct, first? And roughly, of your Chinese exposure, speaking nationalistically, not non-Chinese manufacturers have facilities there who already have received this but nationalistic Chinese-based companies, do you have a rough estimate of your exposure to the leading-edge?

Yes, we do. We believe that we’re relatively insulated from the leading edge on that piece. But we do look at a place where our own team had forecasted selling into leading-edge facilities that we have to go back and look at. I think the bigger factor than whether we can sell or not and what we can do or not is if you can’t get lithography systems, if you can’t get deposition tools, then there’s not a lot of data analyzed, and there’s nothing you can run a vehicle through. We think that’s going to change, and we’re already seeing how customers are reacting a little bit. We believe they’re going to pivot a lot more to mature nodes, where their ability to execute is unfettered – and they’re able to execute, as you can see, by nature of our Gainshare report this quarter. We expect this market to pivot that way. We’re still waiting to see. That would be very good if that happened, and we’re still waiting to see. These are practical business folks over there – they’re going to tilt the windmills if they can’t execute.

Right. Thank you for that. I think a lot of people agree you’ll just take the wafer starts and move it to where they can access the front-end equipment. They’re not going to stop making semiconductors. Great. All right. No other questions. Thank you.

Thank you, Christian.

And we’ll now hear from Blair Abernethy of Rosenblatt.

Thanks very much and nice quarter, guys. Adnan, I just wondered if you could just go back for a moment just before you were cut off in your prepared remarks. You started talking about the shadow backlog versus your, I guess, your RPO was $185.4 million this quarter. Can you just give us a little more insight into how you’re looking at that? And just any way you could size it for us.

Yes. Look, I mean, I’ll tell you to explain a little bit more about what we think goes into the shadow backlog and what it is. In terms of sizing, what we’re doing today is frankly just starting to talk to you all about this. Hopefully, in the future, we can discuss a little bit more about the sizing, that would be our desire. But in terms of how we measure backlog, it is and reported in our filings, it is the contracted number that we have from customers. What is not included are the pieces that we alluded to, which is what we call shadow backlog, which is really the Gainshare that would come in the future periods, which could also be the second piece of runtime licenses for Cimetrix, where we just get a customer order and fulfill it within the quarter. The third piece, of course, is the overages from Exensio cloud usage. Even this, we started to get some of those pieces in. If you look at each of those, let’s strike at each one of those. On the Gainshare side, there are customers with whom we have contracts all the way to the end of the decade. On the runtime licenses side, even if the world was to fall apart, there’s an argument we could say, okay, there are a certain number of customer shipments that would happen. It sounds like they would be zero. Some estimates would be fair to think about. Similarly, on Exensio usage, as that platform is becoming more relevant, more present, and broadly adopted within the organization, we have seen the usage go up, so we expect that we will be able to touch more.

Maybe I can provide a little bit of market depth to that answer. If you just look at Gainshare, we put in our backlog estimate zero. Yes, as we said, the customers surprised us in Q3 with a substantial number. We know it’s not going to zero in Q4. As Adnan said, those contracts run through the end of the decade. In our own model, we started to calculate, okay, what would be a likely value per quarter over the next seven years for those contracts. We used to do better in the old days, but we’ve just gotten so disappointed with the uptake in Gainshare in China that we stopped looking at it. Similarly with the runtime licenses. The way we work on Cimetrix is we sell a design kit, a software design kit, and development kit that the customer embeds within their equipment. We don’t put in the backlog any estimate for them selling equipment. However, they sold our runtime licenses last quarter, and those were obviously millions of dollars. The next quarter, they’re going to sell something, right? That’s the nature of how we work. To be clear, for that equipment to continue, every time they sell equipment, there will be a runtime license that will come our way. We’ve started to put some estimates on that, assuming a certain shelf life for a piece of equipment, up and down markets, etc. Again, it’s similar in nature to where we think about the Gainshare number. Lastly, in our Exensio contracts, if customers want to use more storage, load data faster, or connect more testers, often, there are overage charges in the contracts. Again, since those are not committed, they don’t go into our backlog. We’re starting to see customers go over and bill them. So we’re starting to understand a little bit about the overages. That’s the newest aspect for us; we’ve not been at the cloud business so long and we’re just still learning that one the most I would say that was one we had the least understanding of. The other two, we’re starting to understand a little bit better. That’s kind of the nature of the shadow backlog. It’s not insignificant, and we’ll start to quantify it for you all into next year.

That’s really helpful. Thank you very much. Just one other question on renewals. I guess if we’re looking at Cimetrix customers, as an example in particular, what’s the renewal profile look like? Is it for next year? Is it fairly evenly spread out? Or is it kind of more back-end loaded? And what kind of expansion or pricing opportunities you have on some of your renewals?

Yes. I can try to answer that a little bit more broadly. There are renewals every year. I don’t know that we’ve seen any particular pattern to it yet in terms of one year over the next or one quarter over the next. I don’t know if we could really give you an answer on the profile from that perspective. So far on the Exensio renewal year, the average contract value per year has gone up pretty substantially. I talked about them on the call in the last few quarters, but they’re in the tens of percent at least on our annual recurring run rate increases, which are usually pretty substantial. We are still quantifying that to get enough of a sample size that you can draw an inference from. As for Cimetrix specifically since you asked about that, there’s really two elements on backlog there. One is that the software development kits used to be perpetual; more and more, we’re selling those on time-based licenses. That is a smaller part of the Cimetrix revenue. The larger part of the Cimetrix revenue consists of those runtime licenses, which are perpetual licenses we recognize upon the customers accepting the license to put on the equipment to sell. There’s been a growing backlog on that over these last few quarters, including in the third quarter, we believe as customers, as I said in my prepared remarks, are not able to ship all the equipment they would have liked to have shipped in the quarter, likely due to the chip shortage. However, that backlog as a percentage of the total quarterly revenue is not like the Exensio business, where backlog is much greater than quarterly revenue because it represents most contracts are two, three, or four years long.

Okay, great. Thanks very much, guys.

At this time, there are no further questions. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes the program. Thank you for joining us today.