Invesco DB Oil Fund 10-Q for FY2025 Q1
Invesco DB Oil Fund (DBO)
About this 10-Q
Invesco DB Oil Fund filed this 10-Q on May 8, 2025, covering the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (FY2025 Q1).
Headline figures
Quarter ended March 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Net income
- $2.69M
- down 90.0% from net income of $26.82M a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(A Series of Invesco DB Multi-Sector Commodity Trust)
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
(Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer |
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Non-Accelerated Filer |
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Smaller reporting company |
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Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
Indicate the number of outstanding Shares as of March 31, 2025:
INVESCO DB OIL FUND
(A SERIES OF INVESCO DB MULTI-SECTOR COMMODITY TRUST)
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page |
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PART I. |
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1 |
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ITEM 1. |
1 |
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7 |
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ITEM 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
17 |
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ITEM 3. |
25 |
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ITEM 4. |
27 |
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PART II. |
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Item 1. |
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Item 1A. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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Item 5. |
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Item 6. |
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30 |
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Statements of Financial Condition
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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Assets |
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, at value (cost $ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Affiliated investments, at value (cost $ |
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Other investments: |
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Variation margin receivable - Commodity Futures Contracts |
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— |
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Cash held by Custodian |
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— |
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Deposit with Commodity Broker |
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— |
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Receivable for: |
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Dividends from affiliates |
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Total assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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Liabilities |
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Payable for: |
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Management fees |
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$ |
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$ |
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Brokerage commissions and fees |
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Total liabilities |
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$ |
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$ |
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Equity |
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Shareholder's equity—General Shares |
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Shareholders' equity—Shares |
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Total shareholders' equity |
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Total liabilities and equity |
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$ |
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$ |
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General Shares outstanding |
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Shares outstanding |
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Net asset value per share |
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$ |
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$ |
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Market value per share |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements which are an integral part of the financial statements.
1
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Schedule of Investments
March 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Description |
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Percentage of |
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Value |
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Principal Value |
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United States Treasury Obligations (a) |
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U.S. Treasury Bills, |
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% |
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$ |
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Total United States Treasury Obligations (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Affiliated Investments |
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Shares |
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Exchange-Traded Fund |
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Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Money Market Mutual Fund |
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Invesco Government & Agency Portfolio, |
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Total Affiliated Investments (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Total Investments in Securities (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Open Commodity Futures Contracts |
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Number of Contracts |
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Expiration Date |
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Notional |
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Value(e) |
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Unrealized |
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Long Futures Contracts |
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NYMEX WTI Crude |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements which are an integral part of the financial statements.
2
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Schedule of Investments
December 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Description |
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Percentage of |
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Value |
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Principal Value |
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United States Treasury Obligations (a) |
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U.S. Treasury Bills, |
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% |
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$ |
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$ |
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U.S. Treasury Bills, |
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% |
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Total United States Treasury Obligations (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Affiliated Investments |
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Shares |
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Exchange-Traded Fund |
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Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Money Market Mutual Fund |
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Invesco Government & Agency Portfolio, |
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Total Affiliated Investments (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Total Investments in Securities (cost $ |
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% |
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$ |
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Open Commodity Futures Contracts |
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Number of Contracts |
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Expiration Date |
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Notional |
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Value(e) |
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Unrealized |
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Long Futures Contracts |
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NYMEX WTI Crude |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements which are an integral part of the financial statements.
3
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Statements of Income and Expenses
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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Income |
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Interest Income |
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$ |
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$ |
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Dividends from Affiliates |
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Total Income |
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Expenses |
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Management Fees |
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Brokerage Commissions and Fees |
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Interest Expense |
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Total Expenses |
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Less: Waivers |
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Net Expenses |
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Net Investment Income (Loss) |
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Net Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on |
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Net Realized Gain (Loss) from |
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United States Treasury Obligations |
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( |
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— |
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Commodity Futures Contracts |
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( |
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Net Realized Gain (Loss) |
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( |
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Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) from |
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United States Treasury Obligations |
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( |
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Affiliated Investments |
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( |
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( |
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Commodity Futures Contracts |
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Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
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Net Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
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Net Income (Loss) |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements which are an integral part of the financial statements.
4
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
(Unaudited)
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General Shares |
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Shares |
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Total |
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Shares |
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Total |
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Shares |
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Total |
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Shareholders' |
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Balance at December 31, 2024 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Purchases of Shares |
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Redemption of Shares |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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Net Increase (Decrease) due to Share Transactions |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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Net Income (Loss) |
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Net Investment Income (Loss) |
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Net Realized Gain (Loss) on United States Treasury |
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Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on United |
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Net Income (Loss) |
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Net Change in Shareholders' Equity |
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— |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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Balance at March 31, 2025 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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General Shares |
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Shares |
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Total |
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Shares |
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Total |
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Shares |
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Total |
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Shareholders' |
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Balance at December 31, 2023 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Purchases of Shares |
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Redemption of Shares |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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Net Increase (Decrease) due to Share Transactions |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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Net Income (Loss) |
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Net Investment Income (Loss) |
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Net Realized Gain (Loss) on United States Treasury |
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( |
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Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on United |
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Net Income (Loss) |
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Net Change in Shareholders' Equity |
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— |
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( |
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Balance at March 31, 2024 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements which are an integral part of the financial statements.
5
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Statements of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net Income (Loss) |
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$ |
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$ |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating |
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Cost of securities purchased |
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Proceeds from securities sold and matured |
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Cost of affiliated investments purchased |
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Proceeds from affiliated investments sold |
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Net accretion of discount on United States Treasury Obligations |
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( |
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( |
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Net realized (gain) loss on United States Treasury Obligations and |
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Net change in unrealized (gain) loss on United States Treasury Obligations |
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Change in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Variation margin- Commodity Futures Contracts |
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( |
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Dividends from affiliates |
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Management fees |
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( |
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( |
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Brokerage commissions and fees |
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Deposit with Commodity Broker |
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( |
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— |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Distributions paid to shareholders |
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Proceeds from purchases of Shares |
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Redemption of Shares |
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( |
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( |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
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( |
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( |
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Net change in cash |
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( |
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Cash at beginning of period |
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Cash at end of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |
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Cash paid for interest |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements which are an integral part of the financial statements.
6
Invesco DB Oil Fund
Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements
March 31, 2025
Note 1 - Organization
Invesco DB Oil Fund (the “Fund”), a separate series of Invesco DB Multi-Sector Commodity Trust (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust organized in
Invesco Capital Management LLC has served as the managing owner (the “Managing Owner”), commodity pool operator and commodity trading advisor of the Trust and the Fund since
The Fund seeks to track changes, whether positive or negative, in the level of the DBIQ Optimum Yield Crude Oil Index Excess Return™ (the “Index”) over time, plus the excess, if any, of the sum of the Fund’s interest income from its holdings of United States Treasury Obligations (“Treasury Income”), dividends from its holdings in money market mutual funds (affiliated or otherwise) (“Money Market Income”) and dividends or distributions of capital gains from its holdings of T-Bill ETFs (as defined below) (“T-Bill ETF Income”) over the expenses of the Fund. The Fund invests in futures contracts in an attempt to track its Index. The Index is intended to reflect the change in market value of the crude oil sector. The single commodity comprising the Index is Light Sweet Crude Oil (WTI) (the “Index Commodity”).
The Fund may invest directly in United States Treasury Obligations. The Fund may also gain exposure to United States Treasury Obligations through investments in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) (affiliated or otherwise) that track indexes that measure the performance of United States Treasury Obligations with a maximum remaining maturity of up to
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and certain futures exchanges impose position limits on futures contracts that reference the Index Commodity (the “Index Contracts”).
The Managing Owner may determine to invest in other futures contracts if at any time it is impractical, including in scenarios wherein the futures market for an Index Contract is thinly traded, or inefficient to gain full or partial exposure to the Index Commodity through the use of Index Contracts. These other futures contracts may or may not be based on the Index Commodity. When they are not, the Managing Owner may seek to select futures contracts that it reasonably believes tend to exhibit trading prices that correlate with an Index Contract.
The Fund offers common units of beneficial interest (the “Shares”) only to certain eligible financial institutions (the “Authorized Participants”) in
This Quarterly Report (the “Report”) covers the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The accompanying unaudited financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, all material adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the interim period financial statements have been made. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full-year period. These financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025.
7
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The financial statements of the Fund have been prepared using U.S. GAAP.
The Fund has determined that it meets the definition of an investment company and has prepared the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP for investment companies in conformity with accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services — Investment Companies.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates by a significant amount. In addition, the Fund monitors for material events or transactions that may occur or become known after the period-end date and before the date the financial statements are issued.
The Fund represents a single operating segment. Subject to the oversight and, when applicable, approval of the Board of Managers, the Fund's Managing Owner acts as the Fund's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), assessing performance and making decisions about resource allocation within the Fund. The CODM monitors the operating results as a whole and the Fund's long-term strategic asset allocation is determined in accordance with the terms of its prospectus based on a defined investment strategy. The financial information provided to and reviewed by the CODM is consistent with that presented in the Fund's financial statements.
Investments in open-end and closed-end registered investment companies that do not trade on an exchange are valued at the end-of-day net asset value (“NAV”) per share. Investments in open-end and closed-end registered investment companies that trade on an exchange are valued at the last sales price or official closing price as of the close of the customary trading session on the exchange where the security is principally traded.
United States Treasury Obligations are fair valued using an evaluated quote provided by an independent pricing service. Evaluated quotes provided by the pricing service may be determined without exclusive reliance on quoted prices, and may reflect appropriate factors such as developments related to specific securities, yield, quality, type of issue, coupon rate, maturity, individual trading characteristics and other market data. All debt obligations involve some risk of default with respect to interest and/or principal payments.
Futures contracts are valued at the final settlement price set by an exchange on which they are principally traded.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available or became unreliable are valued at fair value as determined in good faith following procedures approved by the Managing Owner. Issuer-specific events, market trends, bid/asked quotes of brokers and information providers and other data may be reviewed in the course of making a good faith determination of a security’s fair value.
Valuations change in response to many factors including the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of the issuer’s assets, general market conditions which are not specifically related to the particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues, changes in interest or currency rates, regional or global instability, natural or environmental disasters, widespread disease or other public health issues, war, acts of terrorism or adverse investor sentiment generally and market liquidity. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, the values reflected in the financial statements may materially differ from the value received upon actual sale of those investments.
Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade date basis. Realized gains or losses from the sale or disposition of securities or derivatives are determined on a specific identification basis and recognized in the Statements of Income and Expenses in the period in which the contract is closed or the sale or disposition occurs, respectively. Interest income on United States Treasury Obligations is recognized on an accrual basis when earned. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the United States Treasury Obligations. Dividend income (net of withholding tax, if any) is recorded on the ex-dividend date.
Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, income and expenses are allocated pro rata to the Managing Owner as holder of the General Shares and to the Fund's shareholders ("Shareholders") monthly based on their respective percentage interests as of the close of the
8
last trading day of the preceding month. Distributions (other than redemption of units) may be made at the sole discretion of the Managing Owner on a pro rata basis in accordance with the respective capital balances of the Shareholders.
The Managing Owner is responsible for all routine operational, administrative and other ordinary expenses of the Fund, including, but not limited to, computer services, the fees and expenses of the Trustee, legal and accounting fees and expenses, tax preparation expenses, filing fees and printing, mailing and duplication costs. The Fund does not reimburse the Managing Owner for the routine operational, administrative and other ordinary expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, such expenses are not reflected in the Statements of Income and Expenses of the Fund.
The Fund pays all non-recurring and unusual fees and expenses, if any, of itself, as determined by the Managing Owner. Non-recurring and unusual fees and expenses include fees and expenses, such as legal claims and liabilities, litigation costs, indemnification expenses or other non-routine expenses. Non-recurring and unusual fees and expenses, by their nature, are unpredictable in terms of timing and amount. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Fund did not incur such expenses.
The Fund incurs all brokerage commissions, including applicable exchange fees, National Futures Association ("NFA") fees, give-up fees, pit brokerage fees and other transaction related fees and expenses charged in connection with trading activities by the Commodity Broker (as defined below). These costs are recorded as Brokerage Commissions and Fees in the Statements of Income and Expenses. The Commodity Broker’s brokerage commissions and trading fees are determined on a contract-by-contract basis. On average, total charges paid to the Commodity Broker, as applicable were less than $
J.
The Fund is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Fund will generally not incur U.S. federal income taxes. No provision for federal, state, and local income taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements, as investors are individually liable for income taxes, if any, on their allocable share of the Fund’s income, gain, loss, deductions and other items.
The Managing Owner has reviewed all of the Fund’s open tax years and major jurisdictions and concluded that there is no tax liability resulting from unrecognized tax benefits relating to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in future tax returns. The Fund is also not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months. The major tax jurisdiction for the Fund and the earliest tax year subject to examination: United States, 2021.
K.
The Fund utilizes derivative instruments to achieve its investment objective. A commodity futures contract is an agreement between counterparties to purchase or sell a specified underlying commodity for a specified price, or to pay or receive a cash amount based on the value of an index or other reference instrument, at a future date. Initial margin deposits required upon entering into futures contracts are satisfied by the segregation of specific securities or cash as collateral with the Commodity Broker. During the period that the commodity futures contracts are open, changes in the value of the contracts are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by recalculating the value of the contracts on a daily basis. Subsequent or variation margin payments can be received or made depending upon whether unrealized gains or losses are incurred. These amounts, if any, are reflected as a receivable or payable on the Statements of Financial Condition. Otherwise, the variation margin excess or deficit can be netted with cash held at the Commodity Broker. These amounts, if any, are reflected as Deposit with Commodity Broker on the Statements of Financial Condition. When the contracts are closed or expire, the Fund recognizes a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds from, or cost of, the closing transaction and the Fund’s basis in the contract. Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on open positions are determined on a specific identification basis and recognized in the Statements of Income and Expenses in the period in which the contract is closed or the changes occur, respectively.
9
Note 3 - Financial Instrument Risk
In the normal course of its business, the Fund is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. The term “off-balance sheet risk” refers to an unrecorded potential liability that, even though it does not appear on the balance sheet, may result in a future obligation or loss in excess of the amounts shown on the Statements of Financial Condition. The financial instruments used by the Fund are commodity futures contracts, the values of which are based upon an underlying asset and generally represent future commitments that have a reasonable possibility of being settled in cash or through physical delivery. The financial instruments are traded on an exchange and are standardized contracts.
Market risk is the potential for changes in the value of the financial instruments traded by the Fund due to market changes, including fluctuations in commodity prices. In entering into these futures contracts, there exists a market risk that such futures contracts may be significantly influenced by adverse market conditions, resulting in such futures contracts being less valuable. If the markets should move against all of the futures contracts at the same time, the Fund could experience substantial losses.
Credit risk is the possibility that a loss may occur due to the failure of the Commodity Broker and/or clearing house to perform according to the terms of a futures contract. Credit risk with respect to exchange-traded instruments is reduced to the extent that an exchange or clearing organization acts as a counterparty to the transactions. The Commodity Broker, when acting as the Fund’s futures commission merchant (“FCM”) in accepting orders for the purchase or sale of domestic futures contracts, is required by CFTC regulations to separately account for and segregate as belonging to the Fund all assets of the Fund relating to domestic futures trading. The Commodity Broker is not allowed to commingle such assets with other assets of the Commodity Broker. In addition, CFTC regulations also require the Commodity Broker to hold in a secure account assets of the Fund related to foreign futures trading. The Fund’s risk of loss in the event of counterparty default is typically limited to the amounts recognized in the Statements of Financial Condition and not represented by the futures contract or notional amounts of the instruments.
The Fund has not utilized, nor does it expect to utilize in the future, special purpose entities to facilitate off-balance sheet financing arrangements and has no loan guarantee arrangements or off-balance sheet arrangements of any kind, other than agreements entered into in the normal course of business noted above.
Note 4 – Service Providers and Related Party Agreements
The Trustee
Under the Trust Agreement, Wilmington Trust Company, the trustee of the Trust and the Fund (the “Trustee”), has the power and authority to execute and file certificates as required by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and to accept service of process on the Fund in the State of Delaware. The Managing Owner has the exclusive management and control of all aspects of the business of the Trust and the Fund. The Trustee will serve in that capacity until such time as the Managing Owner removes the Trustee or the Trustee resigns and a successor is appointed by the Managing Owner. The Trustee will have no duty or liability to supervise or monitor the performance of the Managing Owner, nor will the Trustee have any liability for the acts or omissions of the Managing Owner.
The Managing Owner
The Managing Owner serves as the Fund’s commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor and managing owner. The Fund pays the Managing Owner a management fee, monthly in arrears, in an amount equal to
The Managing Owner waived fees of $
The Distributor
Invesco Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) provides certain distribution services to the Fund. Pursuant to the Distribution Services Agreement among the Managing Owner, the Fund and the Distributor, the Distributor assists the Managing Owner and the Fund’s administrator, The Bank of New York Mellon, with certain functions and duties relating to distribution and marketing services to the Fund including reviewing and approving marketing materials.
The Managing Owner pays the Distributor a distribution fee out of the Management Fee.
10
The Commodity Broker
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, serves as the Fund’s futures clearing broker (the “Commodity Broker”). The Commodity Broker is registered with the CFTC as an FCM and is a member of the NFA in such capacity.
A variety of executing brokers execute futures transactions on behalf of the Fund. Such executing brokers give-up all such transactions to the Commodity Broker. In its capacity as clearing broker, the Commodity Broker may execute or receive transactions executed by others and clears all of the Fund’s futures transactions and performs certain administrative and custodial services for the Fund. The Commodity Broker is responsible, among other things, for providing periodic accountings of all dealings and actions taken by the Trust on behalf of the Fund during the reporting period, together with an accounting of all securities, cash or other indebtedness or obligations held by it or its nominees for or on behalf of the Fund.
The Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent
The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Administrator”, “Custodian” and “Transfer Agent”) is the administrator, custodian and transfer agent of the Fund. The Fund and the Administrator have entered into separate administrative and accounting, custodian, transfer agency and service agreements (collectively referred to as the “Administration Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, the Administrator performs or supervises the performance of services necessary for the operation and administration of the Fund (other than making investment decisions), including receiving and processing orders from Authorized Participants to create and redeem Creation Units, NAV calculations, accounting and other fund administrative services. The Administrator maintains certain financial books and records, including: Creation Unit creation and redemption records; fund accounting records; ledgers with respect to assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses; the registrar, transfer journals and related details; and trading and related documents received from the Commodity Broker. The Managing Owner pays the Administrator for its services out of the Management Fee.
Index Sponsor
The Managing Owner, on behalf of the Trust and the Fund, has appointed Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. to serve as the index sponsor (the “Index Sponsor”). The Index Sponsor calculates and publishes the daily index levels and the indicative intraday index levels. Additionally, the Index Sponsor also calculates the indicative value per Share of the Fund throughout each business day.
The Managing Owner pays the Index Sponsor a licensing fee and an index services fee out of the Management Fee for performing its duties.
Note 5 - Deposits with Commodity Broker and Custodian
The Fund defines cash as cash held by the Custodian. Cash deposits held by the Commodity Broker are reflected as Deposit with Commodity Broker on the Statements of Financial Condition. There were
The Fund may deposit cash, United States Treasury Obligations, T-Bill ETFs and money market mutual funds with the Commodity Broker as margin, to the extent permissible under CFTC rules. The combination of the Fund’s deposits with its Commodity Broker of cash and United States Treasury Obligations and the unrealized profit or loss on open futures contracts represents the Fund’s overall equity in its broker trading account. To meet the Fund’s maintenance margin requirements, the Fund holds United States Treasury Obligations and/or cash with the Commodity Broker. The Fund may utilize excess cash or otherwise transfer cash to the Commodity Broker to satisfy variation margin requirements. The Fund earns interest on any excess cash deposited with the Commodity Broker and incurs interest expense on any deficit balance with the Commodity Broker.
The brokerage agreement with the Commodity Broker provides for the net settlement of all financial instruments covered by the agreement in the event of default or termination of any one contract. The Managing Owner will utilize any excess cash held at the Commodity Broker to offset any realized losses incurred in the commodity futures contracts, if available. To the extent that any excess cash held at the Commodity Broker is not adequate to cover any realized losses, a portion of the United States Treasury Obligations and T-Bill ETFs, if any, on deposit with the Commodity Broker will be sold to make additional cash available. For financial reporting purposes, the Fund offsets financial assets and financial liabilities that are subject to legally enforceable netting arrangements.
The Fund’s remaining cash, United States Treasury Obligations, T-Bill ETFs and money market mutual fund holdings are on deposit with the Custodian. The Fund is permitted to temporarily carry a negative or overdrawn balance in its account with the Custodian. The Fund incurs interest expense on any overdraft balance with the Custodian. Such balances, if any at period-end, are shown on the Statements of Financial Condition under the payable caption Due to custodian.
Because the Fund’s assets are maintained with the Commodity Broker and Custodian, the distress, impairment or failure of the Commodity Broker or Custodian could result in the loss of or delay in access to Fund assets.
11
Note 6 - Additional Valuation Information
U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, under current market conditions. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods, giving the highest priority to readily available unadjusted quoted prices in an active market for identical assets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), generally when market prices are not readily available or are unreliable. Based on the valuation inputs, the securities or other investments are tiered into one of three levels. Changes in valuation methods or market conditions may result in transfers in or out of an investment’s assigned level:
Level 1: Prices are determined using quoted prices in an active market for identical assets.
Level 2: Prices are determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants may use in pricing a security. These may include quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, yield curves, loss severities, default rates, discount rates, volatilities and others.
Level 3: Prices are determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period), unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Fund’s own assumptions about the factors market participants would use in determining fair value of the securities or instruments and would be based on the best available information.
The levels assigned to the securities valuations may not be an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with investing in those securities. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, the values reflected in the financial statements may materially differ from the value received upon actual sale of those investments.
The following is a summary of the tiered valuation input levels as of March 31, 2025:
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
||||
Investments in Securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
United States Treasury Obligations |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Exchange-Traded Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Money Market Mutual Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total Investments in Securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|||
Other Investments - Assets(a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Commodity Futures Contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total Investments |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
The following is a summary of the tiered valuation input levels as of December 31, 2024:
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
||||
Investments in Securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
United States Treasury Obligations |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Exchange-Traded Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Money Market Mutual Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total Investments in Securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|||
Other Investments - Assets(a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Commodity Futures Contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total Investments |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
12
Note 7 – Derivative Instruments
The Fair Value of Derivative Instruments is as follows:
|
|
March 31, 2025 |
|
|
December 31, 2024 |
|
||||||||||
Risk Exposure/Derivative Type (a) |
|
Assets |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
Assets |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
||||
Commodity risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Commodity Futures Contracts |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
||
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income and Expenses is as follows:
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives |
|
March 31, |
|
|||||
Risk Exposure/Derivative Type |
Recognized in Income |
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
||
Commodity risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Commodity Futures Contracts |
Net Realized Gain (Loss) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
The table below summarizes the average monthly notional value of futures contracts held during the period:
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
|
March 31, |
|
|||||
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
||
Average Notional Value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Note 8 – Investments in Affiliates
The Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF, formerly known as the Invesco Treasury Collateral ETF, is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, whose shares are primarily purchased and sold on a national securities exchange. In seeking its investment objective, the Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF primarily holds U.S. Treasury Obligations that: (i) are issued in U.S. Dollars; (ii) have a minimum remaining of at least
The Invesco Government & Agency Portfolio is a Government Money Market Fund, as defined by Rule 2a-7, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, whose shares are primarily purchased and sold through financial intermediaries. In seeking its investment objective, the Invesco Government & Agency Portfolio primarily invests in cash, Government Securities, and repurchases agreements collateralized by cash or Government Securities. The Invesco Government & Agency Portfolio and the Fund are advised by investment advisers under common control of Invesco Ltd., and therefore the Invesco Government & Agency Portfolio is considered to be affiliated with the Fund.
13
The following is a summary of the transactions in, and earnings from, investments in affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
|
|
Value 12/31/2024 |
|
|
Purchases at Cost |
|
|
Proceeds from Sales |
|
|
Change in Unrealized Appreciation |
|
|
Realized Gain |
|
|
Value 03/31/2025 |
|
|
Dividend Income |
|
|||||||
Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
Investments in Affiliated Money |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Invesco Government & Agency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Value 12/31/2023 |
|
|
Purchases at Cost |
|
|
Proceeds from Sales |
|
|
Change in Unrealized Appreciation |
|
|
Realized Gain |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Dividend Income |
|
|||||||
Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|||
Investments in Affiliated Money |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Invesco Government & Agency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Note 9 - Share Purchases and Redemptions
(a) Purchases
On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer Agent to create
Unless otherwise agreed to by the Managing Owner and the Authorized Participant as provided in the next sentence, Creation Units are issued on the creation order settlement date as of 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on the business day immediately following the creation order date at the applicable NAV per Share as of the closing time of the NYSE Arca or the last to close of the exchanges on which its futures contracts are traded, whichever is later, on the creation order date, but only if the required payment has been timely received. Upon submission of a creation order, the Authorized Participant may request the Managing Owner to agree to a creation order settlement date up to one business day after the creation order date.
(b) Redemptions
On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer Agent to redeem
Unless otherwise agreed to by the Managing Owner and the Authorized Participant as provided in the next sentence, by placing a redemption order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the Creation Units to be redeemed through DTC’s book-entry system to the Fund no later than the redemption order settlement date as of 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on the business day immediately following the redemption order date. Upon submission of a redemption order, the Authorized Participant may request the Managing Owner to agree to a redemption order settlement date up to one business day after the redemption order date. By placing a redemption order, and prior to receipt of the redemption proceeds, an Authorized Participant’s DTC account is charged the non-refundable transaction fee due for the redemption order.
14
The redemption proceeds from the Fund consist of the cash redemption amount. The cash redemption amount is equal to the NAV of the number of Creation Unit(s) requested in the Authorized Participant’s redemption order as of the closing time of the NYSE Arca or the last to close of the exchanges on which the Fund’s futures contracts are traded, whichever is later, on the redemption order date. The Managing Owner will distribute the cash redemption amount at the redemption order settlement date as of 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on the redemption order settlement date through DTC to the account of the Authorized Participant as recorded on DTC’s book-entry system.
The redemption proceeds due from the Fund are delivered to the Authorized Participant at 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on the redemption order settlement date if, by such time, the Fund’s DTC account has been credited with the Creation Units to be redeemed. If the Fund’s DTC account has not been credited with all of the Creation Units to be redeemed by such time, the redemption distribution is delivered to the extent of whole Creation Units received. Any remainder of the redemption distribution is delivered on the next business day to the extent of remaining whole Creation Units received if the Transfer Agent receives the fee applicable to the extension of the redemption distribution date which the Managing Owner may, from time to time, determine and the remaining Creation Units to be redeemed are credited to the Fund’s DTC account by 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on such next business day. Any further outstanding amount of the redemption order will be cancelled. The Managing Owner is also authorized to deliver the redemption distribution notwithstanding that the Creation Units to be redeemed are not credited to the Fund’s DTC account by 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on the redemption order settlement date if the Authorized Participant has collateralized its obligation to deliver the Creation Units through DTC’s book-entry system on such terms as the Managing Owner may determine from time to time.
Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies
The Managing Owner, either in its own capacity or in its capacity as the Managing Owner and on behalf of the Fund, has entered into various service agreements that contain a variety of representations, or provide indemnification provisions related to certain risks service providers undertake in performing services for the Fund. The Trust Agreement provides for the Fund to indemnify the Managing Owner and any affiliate of the Managing Owner that provides services to the Fund to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, subject to certain exceptions for disqualifying conduct by the Managing Owner or such an affiliate. The Fund's maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred. Further, the Fund has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts. Accordingly, the Managing Owner expects the risk of loss to be remote.
15
Note 11 - Financial Highlights
The Fund is presenting the following NAV and financial highlights related to investment performance for a Share outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. An individual investor’s return and ratios may vary based on the timing of capital transactions.
NAV per Share is the NAV of the Fund divided by the number of outstanding Shares at the date of each respective period presented.
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March 31, |
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Net Asset Value |
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Net asset value per Share, beginning of period |
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Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on |
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Net investment income (loss) (b) |
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Net income (loss) |
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Net asset value per Share, end of period |
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Market value per Share, beginning of period (c) |
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Market value per Share, end of period (c) |
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Ratio to average Net Assets (d) |
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Net investment income (loss) |
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Expenses, after waivers |
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Expenses, prior to waivers |
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Total Return, at net asset value (e) |
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Total Return, at market value (e) |
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16
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”). This Report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The matters discussed throughout this Report that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on the Fund’s and Invesco Capital Management LLC’s (the “Managing Owner”) current expectations, estimates and projections about the future results, performance, prospects and opportunities of the Fund and the Fund’s business and industry and their beliefs and assumptions about future events and speak only as of the date on which they are made. Words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “outlook” and “estimate,” as well as similar words and phrases, signify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results. Future economic and industry trends that could potentially impact the Fund and its performance are difficult to predict. Conditions and important factors, risks and uncertainties in the markets for financial instruments that the Fund trades, in the markets for related physical commodities, in the legal and regulatory regimes applicable to the Managing Owner, the Fund, and the Fund’s service providers, in the broader economy and in global politics may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed by such forward-looking statements. There can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements included in this Report will prove to be accurate. Factors that could cause results to differ from those expressed in the forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section of the Fund’s Prospectus and elsewhere in the Prospectus and in other SEC filings by the Fund, such as its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, together with the modified risk factor included in Item 1A of this Report, as well as the following:
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as expressly required by the Federal securities laws, the Fund and the Managing Owner undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or the risks, uncertainties or other factors described in this Report, as a result of new information, future events or changed circumstances or for any other reason after the date of this Report.
Overview / Introduction
Invesco DB Oil Fund (the “Fund”), a separate series of Invesco DB Multi-Sector Commodity Trust (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust organized in five separate series was formed on August 3, 2006. The term of the Fund is perpetual (unless terminated earlier in certain circumstances) as provided for in the Fifth Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust and Trust Agreement of the Trust, as amended (the “Trust Agreement”). The Fund has an unlimited number of shares authorized for issuance.
Invesco Capital Management LLC has served as the managing owner (the “Managing Owner”), commodity pool operator and commodity trading advisor of the Trust and the Fund since February 23, 2015. The Managing Owner is registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) as a commodity pool operator and a commodity trading advisor, and it is a member firm of the National Futures Association (“NFA”).
The Fund seeks to track changes, whether positive or negative, in the level of the DBIQ Optimum Yield Crude Oil Index Excess Return™ (the “Index”) over time, plus the excess, if any, of the sum of the Fund’s interest income from its holdings of United States Treasury Obligations (“Treasury Income”), dividends from its holdings in money market mutual funds (affiliated or otherwise) (“Money Market Income”) and dividends or distributions of capital gains from its holdings of T-Bill ETFs (as defined below) (“T-Bill ETF Income”) over the expenses of the Fund. The Fund invests in futures contracts in an attempt to track its Index. The Index is intended to reflect the change in market value of the crude oil sector. The single commodity comprising the Index is Light Sweet Crude Oil (WTI) (the “Index Commodity”).
17
The Fund may invest directly in United States Treasury Obligations. The Fund may also gain exposure to United States Treasury Obligations through investments in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) (affiliated or otherwise) that track indexes that measure the performance of United States Treasury Obligations with a maximum remaining maturity of up to 12 months (“T-Bill ETFs”). The Fund holds as collateral United States Treasury Obligations, money market mutual funds and T-Bill ETFs (affiliated or otherwise), if any, for margin and/or cash management purposes. While the Fund's performance reflects the appreciation and depreciation of those holdings, the Fund's performance, whether positive or negative, is driven primarily by its strategy of trading futures contracts with the aim of seeking to track the Index.
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing in a portfolio of exchange-traded commodity futures contracts that expire in a specific month and trade on a specific exchange (the “Index Contracts”). The Fund also holds United States Treasury Obligations, T-Bill ETFs and cash, if any, for deposit with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, the Fund’s commodity broker (the “Commodity Broker”) as margin, to the extent permissible under CFTC rules and United States Treasury Obligations, cash, money market mutual funds and T-Bill ETFs (affiliated or otherwise), if any, on deposit with The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Custodian”), for cash management purposes. The aggregate notional value of the commodity futures contracts owned by the Fund is expected to approximate the aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund, as opposed to the aggregate Index value.
The CFTC and certain futures exchanges impose position limits on Index Contracts.
The Managing Owner may determine to invest in other futures contracts if at any time it is impractical, including in scenarios wherein the futures market for an Index Contract is thinly traded, or inefficient to gain full or partial exposure to the Index Commodity through the use of Index Contracts. These other futures contracts may or may not be based on the Index Commodity. When they are not, the Managing Owner may seek to select futures contracts that it reasonably believes tend to exhibit trading prices that correlate with an Index Contract.
The Shares are intended to provide investment results that generally correspond to the changes, positive or negative, in the levels of the Index over time. The value of the Shares is expected to fluctuate in relation to changes in the value of the Fund’s portfolio. The market price of the Shares may not be identical to the NAV per Share, but these two valuations are expected to be very close.
Index Description
The Managing Owner has entered into a license agreement with Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. (the “Index Sponsor”) to use the Index. The Managing Owner pays the Index Sponsor a licensing fee and an index services fee for performing its duties.
These fees constitute a portion of the routine operational, administrative and other ordinary expenses which are paid out of the management fee paid to the Managing Owner (the “Management Fee”) and are not charged to or reimbursed by the Fund.
Neither the Managing Owner nor any affiliate of the Managing Owner has any rights to influence the selection of the futures contracts underlying the Index.
The Fund is not sponsored or endorsed by Deutsche Bank AG, Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. or any subsidiary or affiliate of Deutsche Bank AG or Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. (collectively, “Deutsche Bank”). The DBIQ Optimum Yield Crude Oil Index Excess Return™ (the “Index”) is the exclusive property of Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. “DBIQ” and “Optimum Yield” are service marks of Deutsche Bank AG and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. Neither Deutsche Bank nor any other party involved in, or related to, making or compiling the Index makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, concerning the Index, the Fund or the advisability of investing in securities generally. Neither Deutsche Bank nor any other party involved in, or related to, making or compiling the Index has any obligation to take the needs of the Managing Owner, or its clients into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Index. Neither Deutsche Bank nor any other party involved in, or related to, making or compiling the Index is responsible for or has participated in the determination of the timing of, prices at, quantities or valuation of the Fund. Neither Deutsche Bank nor any other party involved in, or related to, making or compiling the Index has any obligation or liability in connection with the administration or trading of the Fund.
18
NEITHER DEUTSCHE BANK NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING THE INDEX, WARRANTS OR GUARANTEES THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. NEITHER DEUTSCHE BANK NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING THE INDEX, MAKES ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY INVESCO CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. NEITHER DEUTSCHE BANK NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING THE INDEX, MAKES ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL DEUTSCHE BANK OR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING THE INDEX HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES OR LOSSES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED TO THE CONTRARY, THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN DEUTSCHE BANK AND INVESCO CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC.
No purchaser, seller or holder of the Shares of this Fund, or any other person or entity, should use or refer to any Deutsche Bank trade name, trademark or service mark to sponsor, endorse, market or promote this Fund without first contacting Deutsche Bank to determine whether Deutsche Bank’s permission is required. Under no circumstances may any person or entity claim any affiliation with Deutsche Bank without the written permission of Deutsche Bank.
The Index Sponsor may from time to time subcontract the provision of the calculation and other services described below to one or more third parties.
The Index is composed of one underlying Index Commodity. The notional amount of the Index Commodity included in the Index is intended to reflect the changes in market value of the Index Commodity within the Index. The closing level of the Index is calculated on each business day by the Index Sponsor based on the closing price of the commodity futures contracts for the Index Commodity and the notional amount of such Index Commodity.
The composition of the Index may be adjusted in the event that the Index Sponsor is not able to calculate the closing price of the Index Commodity.
Market Risk
Trading in futures contracts involves the Fund entering into contractual commitments to purchase a particular commodity at a specified date and price. The market risk associated with the Fund’s commitments to purchase commodities is limited to the gross or face amount of the contracts held.
The Fund’s exposure to market risk is also influenced by a number of factors including the volatility of interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, the liquidity of the markets in which the contracts are traded and the relationships among the contracts held. The inherent uncertainty of the Fund’s trading as well as the development of drastic market occurrences could ultimately lead to a loss of all or substantially all of the investors’ capital.
Credit Risk
When the Fund enters into futures contracts, the Fund is exposed to credit risk that the counterparty to the contract will not meet its obligations. The counterparty for futures contracts traded on United States and on most foreign futures exchanges is the clearing house associated with the particular exchange. In general, clearing houses are backed by their corporate members who may be required to share in the financial burden resulting from the nonperformance by one of their members and, as such, is designed to disperse and mitigate the credit risk posed by any other member. In cases where the clearing house is not backed by the clearing members (i.e., some foreign exchanges), it may be backed by a consortium of banks or other financial institutions. There can be no assurance that any counterparty, clearing member or clearinghouse will meet its obligations to the Fund.
The Commodity Broker, when acting as the Fund’s futures commission merchant (“FCM”) in accepting orders for the purchase or sale of domestic futures contracts, is required by CFTC regulations to separately account for and segregate as belonging to the Fund all assets of the Fund relating to domestic futures trading. The Commodity Broker is not allowed to commingle such assets with other assets of the Commodity Broker. In addition, CFTC regulations also require the Commodity Broker to hold in a secure account assets of the Fund related to foreign futures trading. While these legal requirements are designed to protect the customers of FCMs, a failure by the Commodity Broker to comply with those requirements would be likely to have a material adverse effect on the Fund in the event that the Commodity Broker became insolvent or suffered other financial distress.
Liquidity
The Fund’s entire source of capital is derived from the Fund’s offering of Shares to Authorized Participants. The Fund in turn allocates its net assets to commodity futures trading. A significant portion of the NAV may be held in United States Treasury
19
Obligations or cash, which may be used as margin for the Fund’s trading in commodity futures contracts and United States Treasury Obligations or cash, money market mutual funds, cash and T-Bill ETFs, if any, which may be used for cash management purposes. The amount of cash and/or United States Treasury Obligations on deposit with the Commodity Broker may exceed the amount of margin required to be on deposit, depending on market conditions and comparative yields available from United States Treasury Obligations, money market funds, T-Bill ETFs and cash held on deposit with Commodity Broker. The percentage that United States Treasury Obligations bear to the total net assets will vary from period to period as the market values of the Fund’s commodity interests change. All remaining cash, money market mutual funds, T-Bill ETFs, if any, and United States Treasury Obligations are on deposit with the Custodian. Interest earned on the Fund’s interest-bearing funds and dividends from the Fund’s holdings of money market mutual funds are paid to the Fund. Any dividends or distributions of capital gains received from the Fund’s holdings of T-Bill ETFs, if any, are paid to the Fund.
The Fund’s commodity futures contracts may be subject to periods of illiquidity because of market conditions, regulatory considerations or for other reasons. For example, U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices that may occur during a single business day. These limits are generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits,” and the maximum or minimum price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” Once a limit price has been reached in a particular contract, it is usually the case that no trades may be made at a different price than specified in the limit. The duration of limit prices generally varies. Limit prices may have the effect of precluding the Fund from trading in a particular contract or requiring the Fund to liquidate contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. Either of those outcomes could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objective.
Because the Fund trades futures contracts, its capital is at risk due to changes in the value of futures contracts (market risk) or the inability of counterparties (including the Commodity Broker and/or exchange clearinghouses) to perform under the terms of the contracts (credit risk).
On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer Agent to redeem one or more blocks of 50,000 Shares (“Creation Units”). Redemption orders must be placed by 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time. The day on which the Managing Owner receives a valid redemption order is the redemption order date. The day on which a redemption order is settled is the redemption order settlement date. As provided below, the redemption order settlement date may occur up to one business day after the redemption order date. Redemption orders are irrevocable. The redemption procedures allow Authorized Participants to redeem Creation Units. Individual Shareholders may not redeem directly from the Fund. Instead, individual Shareholders may only redeem Shares in integral multiples of 50,000 and only through an Authorized Participant.
Unless otherwise agreed to by the Managing Owner and the Authorized Participant as provided in the next sentence, by placing a redemption order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the Creation Units to be redeemed through DTC’s book-entry system to the Fund no later than the redemption order settlement date as of 2:45 p.m., Eastern Time, on the business day immediately following the redemption order date. Upon submission of a redemption order, the Authorized Participant may request the Managing Owner to agree to a redemption order settlement date up to one business day after the redemption order date. By placing a redemption order, and prior to receipt of the redemption proceeds, an Authorized Participant’s DTC account is charged the non-refundable transaction fee due for the redemption order.
Redemption orders may be placed either (i) through the Continuous Net Settlement (“CNS”) clearing processes of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (the “NSCC”) (the “CNS Clearing Process”) or (ii) if outside the CNS Clearing Process, only through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC” or the “Depository”) (the “DTC Process”), or a successor depository, and only in exchange for cash. By placing a redemption order, and prior to receipt of the redemption proceeds, an Authorized Participant’s DTC account is charged the non-refundable transaction fee due for the redemption order and such fee is not borne by the Fund.
The Fund is unaware of any known trends or any known demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in the Fund's liquidity increasing or decreasing in any material way.
20
Capital Resources
The Fund does not have any material cash requirements as of the end of the latest fiscal period. The Fund is unaware of any known material trends, favorable or unfavorable, in the Fund’s capital resources.
In the normal course of its business, the Fund is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. The term
“off-balance sheet risk” refers to an unrecorded potential liability that, even though it does not appear on the balance sheet, may result in a future obligation or loss. The financial instruments used by the Fund are commodity futures, the values of which are based upon an underlying asset and generally represent future commitments which have a reasonable possibility to be settled in cash or through physical delivery. The financial instruments are traded on an exchange and are standardized contracts.
The Fund has not utilized, nor does it expect to utilize in the future, special purpose entities to facilitate off-balance sheet financing arrangements and has no loan guarantee arrangements or off-balance sheet arrangements of any kind, other than agreements entered into in the normal course of business noted above, which may include indemnification provisions related to certain risks service providers undertake in providing services to the Fund. While the Fund’s exposure under such indemnification provisions cannot be estimated, these general business indemnifications are not expected to have a material impact on the Fund’s financial position. The Managing Owner expects the risk of loss relating to indemnification to be remote.
The Fund has financial obligations to the Managing Owner and the Commodity Broker under the Trust Agreement and its agreement with the Commodity Broker (the “Commodity Broker Agreement”), respectively. Management Fee payments made to the Managing Owner, pursuant to the Trust Agreement, are calculated as a fixed percentage of the Fund’s NAV. Commission payments to the Commodity Broker, pursuant to the Commodity Broker Agreement, are on a contract-by-contract, or round-turn, basis. As such, the Managing Owner cannot anticipate the number of payments that will be required under these arrangements for future periods as NAVs and trading activity will not be known until a future date. The Fund’s agreement with the Commodity Broker may be terminated by either party for various reasons. All Management Fees and commission payments are paid to the Managing Owner and the Commodity Broker, respectively.
Cash Flows
A primary cash flow activity of the Fund is to raise capital from Authorized Participants through the issuance of Shares. This cash is used to invest in United States Treasury Obligations, money market mutual funds and T-Bill ETFs, if any, and to meet margin requirements as a result of the positions taken in futures contracts to match the fluctuations of the Index.
As of the date of this Report, each of ABN AMRO Clearing Chicago LLC, Bank of America Securities, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BNP Paribas Securities Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Citadel Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co., Goldman Sachs Execution & Clearing LP, Interactive Brokers LLC, Jane Street Capital LLC, Jefferies LLC, JP Morgan Securities Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Nomura Securities International Inc., RBC Capital Markets LLC, SG Americas Securities LLC, UBS Securities LLC, Virtu Americas LLC and Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC has executed a Participant Agreement and are the only Authorized Participants.
Operating Activities
Net cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities was $11.5 million and $19.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These amounts primarily include net income (loss), net purchases and sales of money market mutual funds and net purchases and sales of United States Treasury Obligations, affiliated investments and net deposits to/from the Commodity Broker. The Fund invests in United States Treasury Obligations, money market mutual funds, T-Bill ETFs (affiliated or otherwise) and cash, if any, for margin and/or cash management purposes. While the Fund's performance reflects the appreciation and depreciation of those holdings, the Fund's performance, whether positive or negative, is driven primarily by its strategy of trading futures contracts with the aim of seeking to track the Index.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, $0 was paid to purchase United States Treasury Obligations and $14.0 million was received from sales and maturing United States Treasury Obligations. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $13.6 million was paid to purchase United States Treasury Obligations and $14.0 million was received from sales and maturing United States Treasury Obligations. $82.3 million was received from sales of affiliated investments and $68.7 million was paid to purchase affiliated investments during the three months ended March 31, 2025. $82.8 million was received from sales of affiliated investments and $85.3 million was paid to purchase affiliated investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, net deposits to/from the Commodity Broker was $20.7 million. There were no net deposits to/from the Commodity Broker during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
21
Financing Activities
The Fund’s net cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities was $(12.5) million and $(19.8) million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This included $17.4 million and $20.0 million from Shares purchased by Authorized Participants and $29.9 million and $39.6 million from Shares redeemed by Authorized Participants during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, distributions paid to Shareholders were $0 and $0.2 million, respectively.
Results of Operations
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025 AND 2024
The following graphs illustrate the percentage changes in (i) the market price of the Shares (as reflected by the line “Market”), (ii) the Fund’s NAV (as reflected by the line “NAV”), and (iii) the closing levels of the Index (as reflected by the line “DBIQ Opt Yield Crude Oil Index ERTM”). Whenever the Treasury Income, Money Market Income and T-Bill ETF Income, if any, earned by the Fund exceeds Fund expenses, the price of the Shares generally exceeds the level of the Index primarily because the Share price reflects Treasury Income, Money Market Income and T-Bill ETF Income, if any, from the Fund’s collateral holdings whereas the Index does not consider such income. There can be no assurances that the price of the Shares or the Fund’s NAV will exceed the Index levels.
No representation is being made that the Index will or is likely to achieve closing levels consistent with or similar to those set forth herein. Similarly, no representation is being made that the Fund will generate profits or losses similar to the Fund’s past performance or changes in the Index closing levels.
22
COMPARISON OF MARKET, NAV AND DBIQ OPT YIELD CRUDE OIL INDEX ERTM FOR THE
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025 AND 2024
NEITHER THE PAST PERFORMANCE OF THE FUND NOR THE PRIOR INDEX LEVELS AND CHANGES, POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, SHOULD BE TAKEN AS AN INDICATION OF THE FUND’S FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
NEITHER THE PAST PERFORMANCE OF THE FUND NOR THE PRIOR INDEX LEVELS AND CHANGES, POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, SHOULD BE TAKEN AS AN INDICATION OF THE FUND’S FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
23
Performance Summary
This Report covers the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Past performance of the Fund is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
The Index is intended to reflect the change in market value of the Index Commodity. The DBIQ Optimum Yield Crude Oil Index Total Return™ (the “DBIQ-OY CL TR™”) consists of the same components as the Index plus 3-month United States Treasury Obligations returns. Past results of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™ are not necessarily indicative of future changes, positive or negative, in the closing levels of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™.
The section “Summary of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™ and Underlying Index Commodity Returns for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024” below provides an overview of the changes in the closing levels of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™ by disclosing the change in market value of the underlying component Index Commodity through a “surrogate” (and analogous) index that also reflects 3-month United States Treasury Obligations returns. Please note also that the Fund’s objective is to track the Index (not the DBIQ-OY CL TR™), and the Fund does not attempt to outperform or underperform the Index. The Index employs the optimum yield roll method with the objective of mitigating the negative effects of contango, the condition in which distant delivery prices for futures exceed spot prices, and maximizing the positive effects of backwardation, a condition opposite of contango.
Summary of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™ and Underlying Index Commodity
Returns for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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|||||
Underlying Index |
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2025 |
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|
2024 |
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DB Light Sweet Crude Oil (WTI) Indices |
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|
0.70 |
% |
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|
11.84 |
% |
If the Fund’s Treasury Income, Money Market Income and T-Bill ETF Income were to exceed the Fund’s fees and expenses, the aggregate return on an investment in the Fund would be expected to outperform the Index and underperform the DBIQ-OY CL TR™. The only difference between (i) the Index (the “Excess Return Index”) and (ii) the DBIQ-OY CL TR ™ (the “Total Return Index”) is that the Excess Return Index does not include interest income from fixed income securities while the Total Return Index does include such a component. Thus, the difference between the Excess Return Index and the Total Return Index is attributable entirely to the interest income attributable to the fixed income securities reflected in the Total Return Index. The Total Return Index does not actually hold any fixed income securities. If the Fund’s Treasury Income, Money Market Income and T-Bill ETF Income, if any, exceeds the Fund’s fees and expenses, then the amount of such excess is expected to be distributed periodically. The market price of the Shares is expected to closely track the Excess Return Index. The aggregate return on an investment in the Fund over any period is the sum of the capital appreciation or depreciation of the Shares over the period, plus the amount of any distributions during the period. Consequently, the Fund’s aggregate return is expected to outperform the Excess Return Index by the amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s Treasury Income, Money Market Income and T-Bill ETF Income over its fees and expenses. As a result of the Fund’s fees and expenses, however, the aggregate return on the Fund is expected to underperform the Total Return Index. If the Fund’s fees and expenses were to exceed the Fund’s Treasury Income, Money Market Income and T-Bill ETF Income, if any, the aggregate return on an investment in the Fund is expected to underperform the Excess Return Index.
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025 COMPARED TO THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
Fund Share Price Performance
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the NYSE Arca market value of each Share increased from $14.31 per Share to $14.34 per Share. The Share price low and high for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and related change from the Share price on December 31, 2024 was as follows: Shares traded at a low of $13.36 per Share (-6.64%) on March 10, 2025 and a high of $15.90 per Share (+11.11%) on January 15, 2025. The total return for the Fund on a market value basis was +0.21%.
Crude Oil ended flat on the quarter but prices were volatile throughout the period. Crude Oil prices initially rallied in January on the prior U.S. administration's farewell sanctions on Russian oil and gas but then retreated as ceasefire developments provided relief on the geopolitical front. The new U.S. administrations's “drill, baby, drill” plans raised U.S. supply expectations, tariff headlines drove a risk-off move, and OPEC announced it would be gradually bringing back production. Oil prices recovered significantly in March, as the U.S. imposed a 25% tariff on any country buying Venezuelan oil and gas and issued fresh sanctions on Chinese refineries processing Iranian Crude Oil.
24
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the NYSE Arca market value of each Share increased from $13.92 per Share to $15.54 per Share. The Share price low and high for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and related change from the Share price on December 31, 2023 was as follows: Shares traded at a low of $13.81 per Share (+0.79%) on January 2, 2024 and a high of $15.54 per Share (+11.64%) on March 28, 2024. The total return for the Fund on a market value basis was +11.64%.
Crude oil prices gained in the first quarter of 2024 as escalating tensions in the Middle East and Ukraine raised supply disruption risk. In addition to geopolitics, an improving macro backdrop amid a resilient U.S. economy and expected Federal Reserve easing also supported broader risk assets like energy. Furthermore, the extended OPEC+ production cuts also helped to tighten global balances, providing a sturdy floor for prices.
Fund Share Net Asset Performance
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the NAV of each Share increased from $14.28 per Share to $14.35 per Share. Rising commodity futures contract prices for Light Sweet Crude Oil during the three months ended March 31, 2025 contributed to an overall 0.36% decrease in the level of the Index and to a 0.70% increase in the level of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™. The total return for the Fund on a NAV value basis was +0.49%.
Net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $2.7 million, primarily resulting from $2.1 million of income, net realized gain (loss) of $0 million, net change in unrealized gain (loss) of $1.0 million and net operating expenses of $0.4 million.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the NAV of each Share increased from $13.96 per Share to 15.57 per Share. Rising commodity futures contract prices for Light Sweet Crude Oil during the three months ended March 31, 2024 contributed to an overall 10.37% increase in the level of the Index and to a 11.84% increase in the level of the DBIQ-OY CL TR™. The total return for the Fund on a NAV value basis was +11.53%.
Net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $26.8 million, primarily resulting from $3.3 million of income, net realized gain (loss) of $(0.1) million, net change in unrealized gain (loss) of $24.1 million and net operating expenses of $0.5 million.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements relies on estimates and assumptions that impact the Fund’s financial position and results of operations. These estimates and assumptions affect the Fund’s application of accounting policies. In addition, please refer to Note 2 to the financial statements of the Fund for further discussion of the Fund’s accounting policies and Item 7 – Management’s Discussions and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
There were no material estimates, which involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and had or are reasonably likely to have had a material impact on the Fund’s financial condition, used in the preparation of these financial statements.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
INTRODUCTION
The Fund is designed to track the performance of the Index. The market sensitive instruments held by it are subject to the risk of trading loss. Unlike an operating company, the risk of market sensitive instruments is integral, not incidental, to the Fund’s main line of business.
Market movements can produce frequent changes in the fair market value of the Fund’s open positions and, consequently, in its earnings and cash flow. The Fund’s market risk is primarily influenced by changes in the prices of commodities.
25
QUANTIFYING THE FUND’S TRADING VALUE AT RISK
Quantitative Forward-Looking Statements
The following quantitative disclosures regarding the Fund’s market risk exposures contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor from civil liability provided for such statements by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). All quantitative disclosures in this section are deemed to be forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor, except for statements of historical fact (such as the U.S. dollar amount of maintenance margin required for market risk sensitive instruments held at the end of the reporting period).
Value at Risk (“VaR”) is a statistical measure of the value of losses that would not be expected to be exceeded over a given time horizon and at a given probability level arising from movement of underlying risk factors. Loss is measured as a decline in the fair value of the portfolio as a result of changes in any of the material variables by which fair values are determined. VaR is measured over a specified holding period (one day) and to a specified level of statistical confidence (99th percentile). However, the inherent uncertainty in the markets in which the Fund trades and the recurrence in the markets traded by the Fund of market movements far exceeding expectations could result in actual trading or non-trading losses far beyond the indicated VaR or the Fund’s experience to date (i.e., “risk of ruin”). In light of these considerations, as well as the risks and uncertainties intrinsic to all future projections, the following VaR presentation does not constitute any assurance or representation that the Fund’s losses in any market sector will be limited to VaR.
THE FUND’S TRADING VALUE AT RISK
The Fund calculates VaR using the actual historical market movements of the Fund’s net assets.
The following table indicates the trading VaR associated with the Fund’s net assets as of March 31, 2025.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2025 |
|
||||
Description |
|
Net Assets |
|
|
Daily Volatility |
|
|
VaR* |
|
|
Number of times |
|
||||
Invesco DB Oil Fund |
|
$ |
202,308,029 |
|
|
|
1.32 |
% |
|
$ |
6,234,105 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
The following table indicates the trading VaR associated with the Fund’s net assets as of December 31, 2024.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2024 |
|
||||
Description |
|
Net Assets |
|
|
Daily Volatility |
|
|
VaR* |
|
|
Number of times |
|
||||
Invesco DB Oil Fund |
|
$ |
212,125,752 |
|
|
|
1.28 |
% |
|
$ |
6,310,731 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
* The VaR represents the one day downside risk, under normal market conditions, with a 99% confidence level. It is calculated using historical market moves of the Fund’s net assets and uses a one year look-back.
THE FUND’S NON-TRADING MARKET RISK
The Fund has non-trading market risk as a result of investing in short-term United States Treasury Obligations, T-Bill ETFs and money market mutual funds. The market risk represented by these investments is not expected to be material. Although the Fund purchases and sells shares of T-Bill ETFs on an exchange, it does not establish or liquidate those positions for trading purposes.
QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES REGARDING PRIMARY TRADING RISK EXPOSURES
The following qualitative disclosures regarding the Fund’s market risk exposures—except for those disclosures that are statements of historical fact—constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The Fund’s primary market risk exposures are subject to numerous uncertainties, contingencies and risks. Government interventions, defaults and expropriations, illiquid markets, the emergence of dominant fundamental factors, political upheavals, changes in historical price relationships, an influx of new market participants, increased regulation and many other factors could result in material losses as well as in material changes to the risk exposures of the Fund. The Fund’s current market exposure may change materially. Investors may lose all or substantially all of their investment in the Fund.
26
The following were the primary trading risk exposures of the Fund as of March 31, 2025:
Light Sweet Crude Oil
The price of Light Sweet Crude Oil is volatile and is affected by numerous factors. The level of global industrial activity influences the demand for Light Sweet Crude Oil. In addition, various other factors can affect the demand for Light Sweet Crude Oil, such as weather, political events and labor activity. The supply of Light Sweet Crude Oil can be affected by many events, in particular, the meetings of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Market expectations about events that will influence either demand or supply can cause prices for Light Sweet Crude Oil to fluctuate greatly. A significant amount of the world oil production
capacity is controlled by a relatively small number of producers. Any large change in production by one of these producers could have a substantial effect on the price of Light Sweet Crude Oil.
QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES REGARDING NON-TRADING MARKET RISK EXPOSURE
As noted above, the Fund has non-trading market risk as a result of investing in short-term United States Treasury Obligations, T-Bill ETFs and money market mutual funds. The market risk represented by these investments is not expected to be material.
QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES REGARDING MEANS OF MANAGING RISK EXPOSURE
Under ordinary circumstances, the Managing Owner’s exercise of discretionary power is limited to determining whether the Fund will make a distribution. Under emergency or extraordinary circumstances, the Managing Owner’s use of its discretionary powers may increase. These special circumstances, for example, include the unavailability of the Index or certain natural or man-made disasters. The Managing Owner does not actively manage the Fund to avoid losses. The Fund only takes long positions in investments and does not employ “stop-loss” techniques.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
For purposes of this Item 4, all references to the “Fund” shall be read to specifically include the Fund and the Trust. Please note that the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting of the Trust are the aggregate disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting of the Fund and that of Invesco DB Agriculture Fund, Invesco DB Base Metals Fund, Invesco DB Energy Fund and Invesco DB Precious Metals Fund, each a series of the Trust.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the management of the Managing Owner, including Brian Hartigan, its Principal Executive Officer, and Kelli Gallegos, its Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, Investment Pools, the Fund carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, and, based upon that evaluation, Brian Hartigan, the Principal Executive Officer of the Managing Owner, and Kelli Gallegos, the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, Investment Pools, of the Managing Owner, concluded that the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information the Fund is required to disclose in the reports that it files or submits with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Fund in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management of the Managing Owner, including its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the Fund’s quarter ended March 31, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.
27
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Not applicable.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Except for the modified risk factor set forth below, there have been no material changes from risk factors as previously disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed February 26, 2024.
The Effect of Market Disruptions and Government Interventions Are Unpredictable and May Have an Adverse Effect on the Value of Your Shares.
The commodity futures markets may be subject to temporary distortions due to various factors, including, among others, lack of liquidity, congestion, disorderly closing periods, manipulation and disruptive conduct, limitations on deliverable supplies, excessive speculation, changes in trade regulation or economic sanctions, government regulation and intervention, technical and operational or system failures, nuclear accidents, terrorism, riots and acts of God.
Certain changes in the U.S. economy in particular, such as when the U.S. economy weakens or when its financial markets decline, may have a material adverse effect on global financial markets as a whole. Increasingly strained relations between the U.S. and foreign countries, including as a result of economic sanctions and tariffs, may also adversely affect commodities futures markets. A decrease in U.S. imports or exports, changes in trade regulations, including the threat or actual imposition of tariffs, trade wars or other economic sanctions on traditional allies or adversaries and their responses thereto, inflation, and/or an economic recession in the U.S. may have a material adverse affect on the U.S. economy, global financial markets as a whole and the commodities markets to which the Fund has exposure. Proposed and adopted policy and legislative actions in the U.S. may impact many aspects of financial and other regulations and may have a significant effect, including potentially adversely, on U.S. markets generally. The continued maintenance of elevated debt levels by the U.S. government as projected by governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations, or the imposition of U.S. austerity measures, could potentially constrain future economic growth and the ability to effectively respond to economic downturns. If these trends were to continue, they could adversely impact the U.S. economy, global financial markets as a whole and the commodities futures markets in particular.
Government intervention has in certain cases been implemented on an “emergency” basis, suddenly and substantially eliminating market participants’ ability to continue to implement certain strategies or manage the risk of their outstanding positions. These interventions have typically been unclear in scope and application, resulting in confusion and uncertainty which in itself has been materially detrimental to the efficient functioning of the markets as well as previously successful investment strategies.
The financial crisis of 2008-2009 and associated regulatory changes, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), are generally considered to have contributed to less credit being available to financial market participants. This is particularly the case for credit extended by banks and other traditional lending sources. The Fund does not borrow from lenders for the purpose of pursuing its investment objective. Nonetheless, restrictions on the availability of credit may adversely affect investors who borrow to purchase Shares and participants in the markets for financial instruments in which the Fund trades, including futures markets. Limitations on the availability of credit, whether in stressed market conditions or otherwise, may have a material adverse effect on investors and financial market participants, which in turn could affect the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objective. Among other things, fewer prospective investors may adversely affect the Fund’s asset levels, and fewer financial market participants may reduce liquidity and adversely affect pricing for the financial instruments that the Fund seeks to trade.
The Fund may incur major losses in the event of disrupted markets and other extraordinary events in which historical pricing relationships become materially distorted. The risk of loss from pricing distortions is compounded by the fact that in disrupted markets many positions become illiquid, making it difficult or impossible to close out or liquidate positions against which the markets are moving. The large size of the positions which the Fund may acquire increases the risk of illiquidity by both making its positions more difficult to liquidate and increasing the losses incurred while trying to do so.
The financing available to market participants is typically reduced in disrupted markets. Such a reduction may result in substantial losses to the affected market participants, including the Fund and its Shareholders.
28
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) There have been no unregistered sales of Shares. No Shares are authorized for issuance by the Fund under equity compensation plans.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) Although the Fund did not redeem Shares directly from its Shareholders, the Fund redeemed Creation Units from Authorized Participants during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as follows:
Period of Redemption |
|
Total Number of |
|
|
Average Price |
|
||
January 1, 2025 to January 31, 2025 |
|
|
1,600,000 |
|
|
$ |
15.21 |
|
February 1, 2025 to February 28, 2025 |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
|
14.29 |
|
March 1, 2025 to March 31, 2025 |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
13.45 |
|
Total |
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
14.97 |
|
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
During the period covered by this Quarterly Report, none of the members of the Managing Owner responsible for overseeing the business and operations of the Fund
Item 6. Exhibits.
31.1 |
Certification required under Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 (filed herewith) |
|
|
|
|
31.2 |
Certification required under Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 (filed herewith) |
|
|
|
|
32.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
32.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
101
|
Interactive data file pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Statements of Financial Condition of Invesco DB Oil Fund – March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (Unaudited), (ii) the Schedule of Investments of Invesco DB Oil Fund –March 31, 2025 (Unaudited), (iii) the Schedule of Investments of Invesco DB Oil Fund – December 31, 2024 (Unaudited), (iv) the Statements of Income and Expenses of Invesco DB Oil Fund – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited), (v) the Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity of Invesco DB Oil Fund – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited), (vi) the Statements of Cash Flows of Invesco DB Oil Fund – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited), and (vii) Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements of Invesco DB Oil Fund – March 31, 2025. |
|
|
101.INS
|
Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
|
|
101.SCH |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents |
|
|
104 |
The cover page of the Fund's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 formatted in Inline XBRL. |
29
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
|
Invesco DB Multi-Sector Commodity Trust on its own behalf and with respect to Invesco DB Oil Fund |
||
|
|
||
|
By: |
Invesco Capital Management LLC, its Managing Owner |
|
|
|
|
|
Dated: May 7, 2025 |
|
By: |
/s/ BRIAN HARTIGAN |
|
|
Name: |
Brian Hartigan |
|
|
Title: |
Principal Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
Dated: May 7, 2025 |
|
By: |
/s/ KELLI GALLEGOS |
|
|
Name: |
Kelli Gallegos |
|
|
Title: |
Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, Investment Pools |
|
|
|
|
30
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
I, Brian Hartigan, certify that:
Dated: May 7, 2025 |
/s/ Brian Hartigan |
|
Brian Hartigan |
|
Principal Executive Officer of Invesco Capital Management, LLC, the Managing Owner |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Kelli Gallegos, certify that:
Dated: May 7, 2025 |
/s/ Kelli Gallegos |
|
Kelli Gallegos |
|
Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, Investment Pools, of Invesco Capital Management, LLC, the Managing Owner |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
The undersigned, Brian Hartigan, Principal Executive Officer of Invesco Capital Management LLC, the Managing Owner of Invesco DB Oil Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Invesco DB Multi-Sector Commodity Trust, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
Dated: May 7, 2025 |
/s/ Brian Hartigan |
|
Brian Hartigan |
|
Principal Executive Officer |
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
The undersigned, Kelli Gallegos, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, Investment Pools of Invesco Capital Management LLC, the Managing Owner of Invesco DB Oil Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Invesco DB Multi-Sector Commodity Trust, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
Dated: May 7, 2025 |
/s/ Kelli Gallegos |
|
Kelli Gallegos |
|
Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, Investment Pools |