abrdn Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust S-3ASR, filed Jan 7, 2022
abrdn Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust (GLTR)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 7, 2022
Registration No. 333-[______]
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| UNITED STATES |
| SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |
| WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 |
| FORM S-3 |
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER |
| THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
| ABERDEEN
STANDARD PRECIOUS METALS BASKET ETF TRUST |
| (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) |
| New York | 27-2780046 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) | |
c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor | ||
| New York, NY 10019 | ||
| 844-383-7289 | ||
| (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, | ||
| of Registrant’s principal executive offices) | ||
| c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC | ||
| 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor | ||
| New York, NY 10019 | ||
| (844) 383-7289 | ||
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) | ||
| Copies to: | ||
| Thomas C. Bogle, Esq. |
| Stephanie A. Capistron, Esq. |
| Dechert LLP |
| 1900 K Street, NW |
| Washington, DC 20006 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.
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If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.
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If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
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If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
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If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
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If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company |
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| If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. | ☐ |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
| Title
of each class of securities to be registered |
Amount
to be registered) |
Proposed
maximum offering price per unit |
Proposed
maximum aggregate offering price |
Amount
of registration fee |
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| Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF | (1) | (1) | (1) | (2)(3) | ||||||||||||
| (1) | In accordance with Rule 456(d) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF (“Trust”) is registering an indeterminate number of units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust (“Shares”) as may from time to time be offered hereunder at indeterminate prices. | |
| (2) | The registrant will calculate registration fees, if any, in accordance with Rules 456(d) and 457(u) under the Securities Act. In accordance with Rules 456(d) under the Securities Act, the registrant is deferring payment of these registration fees and will pay these registration fees on an annual net basis no later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year. | |
| (3) | In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, when registration fees become due under Rule 456(d), the registration fee for the Shares will be partially offset by the registration fee associated with unsold securities registered pursuant to that certain registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-234723) filed by the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust on November 27, 2019 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). A registration fee of $65,227.15 was paid in connection with the registration pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement of 7,950,000 Shares, of which 1,900,000 remain unsold as of the date hereof and for which a filing fee of $15,588.88 was previously paid with respect to the unsold Shares. The filing fee for any remaining unsold Shares as of the date of effectiveness of this registration statement will be applied to partially offset filing fees when, and if, they become due under Rule 456(d). |
This registration statement shall become effective immediately upon filing, as provided in Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act of 1933.
Shares of Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF
Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust
The Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust (Trust) issues Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF (Shares) which represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust. Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC is the sponsor of the Trust (Sponsor), The Bank of New York Mellon is the trustee of the Trust (Trustee), and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is the custodian of the Trust (Custodian). The Trust intends to issue additional Shares on a continuous basis.
The Shares may be purchased from the Trust only in one or more blocks of 50,000 Shares (a block of 50,000 Shares is called a Basket). The Trust issues Shares in Baskets to certain authorized participants (Authorized Participants) on an ongoing basis as described in “Plan of Distribution.” Baskets will be offered continuously at the net asset value (NAV) for 50,000 Shares on the day that an order to create a Basket is accepted by the Trustee. The Trust will not issue fractions of a Basket.
The Shares trade on the NYSE Arca under the symbol “GLTR.”
Investing in the Shares involves significant risks. See “Risk Factors” starting on page 6.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities offered in this prospectus, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor or the Trustee.
The Trust issues Shares from time to time in Baskets, as described in “Creation and Redemption of Shares.” It is expected that the Shares will be sold to the public at varying prices to be determined by reference to, among other considerations, the prices of the gold, silver, platinum and palladium metal (“Bullion”) represented by each Share and the trading price of the Shares on the NYSE Arca at the time of each sale.
The date of this prospectus is January 7, 2022.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This prospectus, including the materials incorporated by reference herein, contains information you should consider when making an investment decision about the Shares. You may rely on the information contained in this prospectus. The Trust and the Sponsor have not authorized any person to provide you with different information and, if anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the Shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of the Shares is not permitted.
The Shares are not registered for public sale in any jurisdiction other than the United States.
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STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and within the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These forward-looking statements may relate to the Trust’s financial conditions, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by or that include words such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or similar expressions are intended to identify some of the forward-looking statements. All statements (other than statements of historical fact) included in this prospectus that address activities, events or developments that will or may occur in the future, including such matters as changes in commodity prices and market conditions (for gold, silver, platinum, palladium and the Shares), the Trust’s operations, the Sponsor’s plans and references to the Trust’s future success and other similar matters are forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. These statements are based upon certain assumptions and analyses the Sponsor made based on its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors appropriate in the circumstances. Whether or not actual results and developments will conform to the Sponsor’s expectations and predictions, however, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the special considerations discussed in this prospectus, general economic, market and business conditions, changes in laws or regulations, including those concerning taxes, made by governmental authorities or regulatory bodies, and other world economic and political developments. See “Risk Factors.” Consequently, all the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments the Sponsor anticipates will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the expected consequences to, or have the expected effects on, the Trust’s operations or the value of the Shares. Neither the Trust nor the Sponsor is under a duty to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform such statements to actual results or to reflect a change in the Sponsor’s expectations or predictions.
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In this prospectus, each of the following quoted terms have the meanings set forth after such term:
“Allocated Account Agreement”—The agreement between the Trustee and the Custodian which establishes the Trust Allocated Account. The Allocated Account Agreement and the Unallocated Account Agreement are sometimes referred to together as the “Custody Agreements.”
“ANAV”—Adjusted NAV. See “Description of the Trust Agreement—Valuation of Bullion, Definition of Net Asset Value and Adjusted Net Asset Value” for a description of how the ANAV of the Trust is calculated. The ANAV of the Trust is used to calculate the fees of the Sponsor.
“Authorized Participant”—A person who (1) is a registered broker-dealer or other securities market participant such as a bank or other financial institution which is not required to register as a broker-dealer to engage in securities transactions, (2) is a participant in DTC, (3) has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Trustee and the Sponsor and (4) has established an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account. Only Authorized Participants may place orders to create or redeem one or more Baskets.
“Authorized Participant Agreement”—An agreement entered into by each Authorized Participant, the Sponsor and the Trustee which provides the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets and for the delivery of the Bullion and any cash required for such creations and redemptions.
“Authorized Participant Unallocated Account”—An unallocated Bullion account, either loco London or loco Zurich, established with the Custodian or a Bullion clearing bank by an Authorized Participant. Each Authorized Participant’s Authorized Participant Unallocated Account is used to facilitate the transfer of Bullion deposits and Bullion redemption distributions between the Authorized Participant and the Trust in connection with the creation and redemption of Baskets.
“Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement”—The agreement between an Authorized Participant and the Custodian or a Bullion clearing bank which establishes the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account.
“Basket”—A block of 50,000 Shares is called a “Basket.”
“Book Entry System”—The Federal Reserve Treasury Book Entry System for United States and federal agency securities.
“Bullion”—Gold, silver, platinum and palladium metals, as applicable and in their capacity as bullion metals represented by each Share.
“CEA”—Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended.
“CFTC”—Commodity Futures Trading Commission, an independent agency with the mandate to regulate commodity futures, options, swaps and derivatives markets in the United States.
“Clearing Agency”—Any clearing agency or similar system other than the Book Entry System or DTC.
“Code”—The United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Creation Basket Deposit”—The total deposit required to create a Basket. The deposit will be an amount of Bullion and cash, if any, that is in the same proportion to the total assets of the Trust (net of estimated accrued but unpaid fees, expenses and other liabilities) on the date an order to purchase one or more Baskets is properly received as the number of Shares comprising the number of Baskets to be created in respect of the deposit bears to the total number of Shares outstanding on the date such order is properly received. The Bullion comprising a deposit is in a proportion equal to 0.03 ounces of gold, 1.1 ounces of silver, 0.004 ounces of platinum and 0.006 ounces of palladium.
“Custodian” or “JPMorgan”—JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a national banking association and a market maker, clearer and approved weigher under the rules of the LBMA and LPPM. JPMorgan is the custodian of the Trust’s Bullion.
“Custody Agreements”—The Allocated Account Agreement together with the Unallocated Account Agreement.
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“Custody Rules”—The rules, regulations, practices and customs of the LBMA, the LPPM, the Bank of England or any applicable regulatory body which apply to Bullion made available in physical form by the Custodian.
“DTC”—The Depository Trust Company. DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under New York law, a member of the US Federal Reserve System and a clearing agency registered with the SEC. DTC acts as the securities depository for the Shares.
“DTC Participant”—A participant in DTC, such as a bank, broker, dealer or trust company.
“Evaluation Time”—The time at which the Trustee evaluates the Bullion held by the Trust and determines both the NAV and the ANAV of the Trust, which is currently as promptly as practicable after 4:00 p.m., New York time, on each day other than (1) a Saturday or Sunday or (2) any day on which the NYSE Arca is not open for regular trading.
“Exchange” or “NYSE Arca”—NYSE Arca, Inc., the venue where Shares are listed and traded.
“FCA”—The Financial Conduct Authority, an independent non-governmental body which exercises statutory regulatory power under the FSM Act and which regulates the major participating members of the LBMA and the LPPM in the United Kingdom.
“FINRA”—The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
“FSM Act”—The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
“Good Delivery”—With respect to gold, gold in bar form with a minimum fineness and purity of 99.5% weighing between 350 and 430 troy ounces. With respect to silver, silver in bar form with a minimum fineness and purity of 99.9% weighing between 750 and 1,100 troy ounces. With respect to platinum or palladium, platinum or palladium in plate or ingot form with a minimum fineness and purity of 99.95% weighing between 32.151 and 192.904 troy ounces. One troy ounce equals 31.103 grams meeting the Good Delivery Standards.
“Good Delivery Standards”—The specifications for weight, dimensions, fineness (or purity), identifying marks and appearance of gold and silver bars as set forth in “The Good Delivery Rules for Gold and Silver Bars” published by the LBMA and for platinum and palladium plates and ingots as set forth in “The Good Delivery Rules for Platinum and Palladium Plates and Ingots” published by the LPPM. The Good Delivery Standards as of December 2021 are described in “Operation of the Bullion Markets.”
“IBA” — ICE Benchmark Administration, the authorized benchmark administrator responsible for the LBMA Gold Price and LBMA Silver Price.
“Indirect Participants”—Those banks, brokers, dealers, trust companies and others who maintain, either directly or indirectly, a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant.
“LBMA”—The London Bullion Market Association. The LBMA is the trade association that acts as the coordinator for activities conducted on behalf of its members and other participants in the London bullion market. In addition to coordinating market activities, the LBMA acts as the principal point of contact between the market and its regulators. A primary function of the LBMA is its involvement in the promotion of refining standards by maintenance of the “Good Delivery List,” which is the list of LBMA accredited refiners of gold and silver. Further, the LBMA coordinates market clearing and vaulting, promotes good trading practices and develops standard documentation. The major participating members of the LBMA are regulated by the FCA in the United Kingdom under the FSM Act.
“LBMA Gold Price” — The USD price for an ounce of gold set by the LBMA-accredited participating bullion banks or market makers in an electronic, tradable and auditable over-the-counter auction, operated by IBA at 10:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. London time, on each London business day and disseminated electronically by IBA to selected major market data vendors, such as Refinitiv and Bloomberg.
“LBMA PM Gold Price”— The USD price for an ounce of gold set by the LBMA-accredited participating bullion banks or market makers in an electronic, tradable and auditable over-the-counter auction, operated by IBA at 3:00 p.m. London time, on each London business day and disseminated electronically by IBA to selected major market data vendors, such as Refinitiv and Bloomberg. See “Operation of the Bullion Markets—The Gold Bullion Market” for a description of the operation of the LBMA PM Gold Price electronic auction process.
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“LBMA Silver Price” (previously named the “London Silver Price”) — means the price for an ounce of silver set by LBMA-authorized participating bullion banks or market makers in the electronic, tradeable and auditable over-the-counter auction administered by IBA at approximately 12:00 noon London time, on each London business day and disseminated by major market vendors. See “Operation of the Bullion Markets–The Silver Bullion Market” for a description of the operation of the LBMA Silver Price electronic auction process.
“LME”—The London Metal Exchange. The LME, which is owned by Hong Kong Exchanges & Clearing Ltd., was founded in 1877 and is a leading venue for the trading of industrial metals. The majority of all non-ferrous metal futures business is transacted on LME platforms. As a recognized investment exchange, the LME is regulated by the FCA. The LME administers the determination of the LME PM Fix.
“LME PM Fix”—With respect to platinum, the afternoon session of the twice daily fix of the price of a troy ounce of platinum which starts at 2:00 PM London, England time and is performed by an electronic auction system (LMEbullion) administered by the LME in London in which participating members of the LPPM directly and other market participants indirectly through participating members of the LPPM submit buying and selling orders. With respect to palladium, the afternoon session of the twice daily fix of the price of an ounce of palladium which starts at 2:00 PM London, England time and is performed by an electronic pricing system (LMEbullion) administered by the LME in London in which participating members of the LPPM directly and other market participants indirectly through participating members of the LPPM submit buying and selling orders. See “Operation of the Bullion Markets” for a description of the operation of the LME PM Fix electronic auction process for platinum and palladium.
“London Metal Price” means, with respect to gold, the LBMA PM Gold Price, with respect to platinum and palladium, the LME PM Fix and, with respect to silver, the LBMA Silver Price.
“LPPFCL” — The London Platinum and Palladium Fixing Company Limited. The LPPFCL had the responsibility of establishing twice each London trading day, a clearing price or “fix” for platinum and palladium bullion transactions. As of December 1, 2014, the LPPFCL transferred ownership of the historic and future intellectual property of the twice daily “fix” for platinum and palladium bullion transactions to a subsidiary company of the LBMA.
“LPPM”—The London Platinum and Palladium Market. The LPPM is the trade association that acts as the coordinator for activities conducted on behalf of its members and other participants in the London platinum and palladium markets. In addition to coordinating market activities, the LPPM acts as the principal point of contact between the market and its regulators. A primary function of the LPPM is its involvement in the promotion of refining standards by maintenance of the “London/Zurich Good Delivery Lists,” which are the lists of LPPM accredited refiners and assayers of platinum and palladium. Further, the LPPM coordinates market clearing and vaulting, promotes good trading practices and develops standard documentation.
“Marketing Agent”— ALPS Distributors, Inc., a Colorado corporation.
“NAV”—Net asset value. See “Description of the Trust Agreement—Valuation of Bullion, Definition of Net Asset Value and Adjusted Net Asset Value” for a description of how the NAV of the Trust and the NAV per Share are calculated.
“NFA”—The National Futures Association, a futures association and self-regulatory organization organized under the CEA and CFTC regulations with the mandate to regulate intermediaries trading in futures, swaps and options.
“OTC”—The global Over-the-Counter market for the trading of Bullion which consists of transactions in spot, forwards, and options and other derivatives.
“Ounces” — With respect to gold, fine troy ounces and with respect to silver, platinum and palladium, troy ounces, each as described in “Operation of the Bullion Markets”.
“Securities Act”—The Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Shareholders”—Owners of beneficial interests in the Shares.
“Shares”—Units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust which are issued by the Trust and named “Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF”.
“Sponsor”—Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
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“Sponsor’s Fee”—The remuneration due to the Sponsor in exchange for which the Sponsor has agreed to assume the ordinary administrative and marketing expenses that the Trust is expected to incur. The fee accrues daily and is payable in-kind in Bullion monthly in arrears.
“tonne”—One metric tonne which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or 32,150.7465 troy ounces.
“Trust”—The Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, a common law trust, formed on October 18, 2010 under New York law pursuant to the Trust Agreement.
“Trust Agreement”—The Depositary Trust Agreement between the Sponsor and the Trustee under which the Trust is formed and which sets forth the rights and duties of the Sponsor, the Trustee and the Custodian.
“Trust Allocated Account”—The allocated Bullion account of the Trust established with the Custodian by the Allocated Account Agreement. The Trust Allocated Account is used to hold the Bullion deposited with the Trust in allocated form (i.e., as individually identified bars of gold and silver and plates and ingots of platinum and palladium).
“Trustee” or “BNYM”—The Bank of New York Mellon, a banking corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York with trust powers. BNYM is the trustee of the Trust.
“Trust Unallocated Account”—The unallocated Bullion account of the Trust established with the Custodian by the Unallocated Account Agreement. The Trust Unallocated Account is used to facilitate the transfer of Bullion deposits and Bullion redemption distributions between Authorized Participants and the Trust in connection with the creation and redemption of Baskets and the sale of Bullion made by the Trustee for the Trust.
“Unallocated Account Agreement”—The agreement between the Trustee and the Custodian which establishes the Trust Unallocated Account. The Allocated Account Agreement and the Unallocated Account Agreement are sometimes referred to together as the “Custody Agreements.”
“Zurich Sub-Custodian”—The Zurich Sub-Custodian is any firm selected by the Custodian to hold the Trust’s platinum and palladium in the Trust Allocated Account in the firm’s Zurich vault premises on a segregated basis and whose appointment has been approved by the Sponsor. The Custodian will use reasonable care in selecting the Zurich Sub-Custodian. As of the date of the Custody Agreements, the Zurich Sub-Custodian that the Custodian uses is UBS AG.
“US Shareholder”—A Shareholder that is (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (2) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for US federal tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; (3) an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for US federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or (4) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more US persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
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This is only a summary of the prospectus and, while it contains material information about the Trust and its Shares, it does not contain or summarize all of the information about the Trust and the Shares contained in this prospectus which is material and/or which may be important to you. You should read this entire prospectus, including “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6, and the materials incorporated by reference herein, before making an investment decision about the Shares.
Trust Structure
The Trust is a common law trust, formed on October 18, 2010 under New York law pursuant to the Trust Agreement. The Trust holds Bullion and from time to time issues Baskets in exchange for deposits of Bullion and distributes Bullion in connection with redemptions of Baskets. The investment objective of the Trust is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the prices of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium, in the proportions held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses. The Sponsor believes that, for many investors, the Shares represent a cost-effective investment in Bullion. The material terms of the Trust Agreement are discussed in greater detail under the section “Description of the Trust Agreement.” The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust and are traded under the ticker symbol “GLTR” on the NYSE Arca.
The Trust’s Sponsor is Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC (known as ETF Securities USA LLC prior to October 1, 2018), a Delaware limited liability company formed on June 17, 2009. Prior to April 27, 2018, the Sponsor was wholly-owned by ETF Securities Limited, a Jersey, Channel Islands based company. Effective April 27, 2018, ETF Securities Limited sold its membership interest in the Sponsor to abrdn Inc. (known as Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. prior to January 1, 2022), a Delaware corporation. As a result of the sale, abrdn Inc. became the sole member of the Sponsor. abrdn Inc. is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of abrdn plc, which together with its affiliates and subsidiaries, is collectively referred to as “abrdn.” The Trust is governed by the Trust Agreement. Under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and the governing documents of the Sponsor, abrdn Inc., the sole member of the Sponsor, is not responsible for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Sponsor solely by reason of being the sole member of the Sponsor.
Effective October 1, 2018, the name of the Trust changed from the ETFS Precious Metals Basket Trust to the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust. In addition, effective October 1, 2018, the name of the Shares changed from ETFS Physical PM Basket Shares to Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF.
The Sponsor arranged for the creation of the Trust and is responsible for the ongoing registration of the Shares for their public offering in the United States and the listing of the Shares on the NYSE Arca. The Sponsor has agreed to assume the organizational expenses of the Trust and the following administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust: the Trustee’s monthly fee and out-of-pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and expenses reimbursable under the Custody Agreements, Exchange listing fees, SEC registration fees, printing and mailing costs, audit fees and up to $100,000 per annum in legal expenses.
The Trustee is The Bank of New York Mellon. The Trustee is generally responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Trust. This includes (1) transferring the Trust’s Bullion as needed to pay the Sponsor’s Fee in Bullion (Bullion transfers for payment of the Sponsor’s Fee are expected to occur approximately monthly in the ordinary course), (2) calculating the NAV of the Trust and the NAV per Share, (3) receiving and processing orders from Authorized Participants to create and redeem Baskets and coordinating the processing of such orders with the Custodian and The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and (4) selling the Trust’s Bullion as needed to pay any extraordinary Trust expenses that are not assumed by the Sponsor. The general role, responsibilities and regulation of the Trustee are further described in “The Trustee.”
The Custodian is JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The Custodian is responsible for the safekeeping of the Trust’s Bullion deposited with it by Authorized Participants in connection with the creation of Baskets. The Custodian also facilitates the transfer of Bullion in and out of the Trust through Bullion accounts it maintains for Authorized Participants and the Trust. The Custodian is a market maker, clearer and approved weigher of gold and silver under the rules of the London Bullion Market Association (“LBMA”) and of platinum and palladium under the rules of the London Platinum and Palladium Market (“LPPM”). The Custodian holds the Trust’s loco London allocated Bullion in its London, England vaulting premises on a segregated basis and may select one or more Zurich Sub-Custodians to hold the Trust’s loco Zurich allocated platinum and palladium on the Custodian’s behalf at any such Zurich Sub-Custodian’s Zurich, Switzerland vaulting premises on a segregated basis. The general role, responsibilities and regulation of the Custodian are further described in “The Custodian” and “Custody of the Trust’s Bullion.”
Detailed descriptions of certain specific rights and duties of the Trustee and the Custodian are set forth in “Description of the Trust Agreement” and “Description of the Custody Agreements.”
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Trust Overview
The investment objective of the Trust is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the price of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the proportions held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses. The Shares are designed for investors who want a cost-effective and convenient way to invest in Bullion with minimal credit risk.
The Trust is one of several exchange-traded products (“ETPs”) that seek to track the price of physical precious metals (“Bullion ETPs”). Some of the distinguishing features of the Trust and its Shares include holding of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium bullion in the specified ratio, vaulting of Trust gold and silver in London and the vaulting of Trust platinum and palladium in London or Zurich, the experience of the Sponsor’s management team, the use of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Custodian, third-party vault inspection and the allocation of almost all of the Trust’s Bullion. See “Business of the Trust.”
Investing in the Shares does not insulate the investor from certain risks, including price volatility. See “Risk Factors.”
Principal Offices
The Trust’s office is located at 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, NY 10019 and its telephone number is 844-383-7289. The Sponsor’s office is c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, NY 10019 and its telephone number is 844-383-7289. The Trustee has a trust office at 240 Greenwich Street,, New York, NY 10286. The Custodian is located at 25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5JP, United Kingdom. The Zurich Sub-Custodian that the Custodian currently uses is UBS AG, which is located at 45 Bahnhofstrasse, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
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| Offering | The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust. | |
| Use of proceeds | Proceeds received by the Trust from the issuance and sale of Baskets, including the Shares (as described on the front page of this prospectus), consist of Bullion deposits and, possibly from time to time, cash. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, during the life of the Trust such proceeds will only be (1) held by the Trust, (2) distributed to Authorized Participants in connection with the redemption of Baskets or (3) disbursed to pay the Sponsor’s Fee or sold as needed to pay the Trust’s expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. | |
| Exchange symbol | GLTR | |
| CUSIP | 003263100 | |
| Creation and redemption | The Trust expects to create and redeem the Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 50,000 Shares). The creation and redemption of Baskets requires the delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of Bullion and any cash represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed, the amount of which will be based on the combined NAV of the number of Shares included in the Baskets being created or redeemed. On October 18, 2010, the Trust’s formation date, the initial amount of Bullion required for deposit with the Trust to create Shares was 1,500 ounces of gold, 55,000 ounces of silver, 200 ounces of platinum and 300 ounces of palladium per Basket. The number of ounces of Bullion required to create a Basket or to be delivered upon the redemption of a Basket gradually decreases over time, due to the accrual of the Trust’s expenses and the sale or delivery of the Trust’s Bullion to pay the Trust’s expenses. See “Business of the Trust—Trust Expenses.” Baskets may be created or redeemed only by Authorized Participants, who pay a transaction fee for each order to create or redeem Baskets and may sell the Shares included in the Baskets they create to other investors. The Trust will not issue fractions of a Basket. See “Creation and Redemption of Shares” for more details. | |
| Net Asset Value | The NAV of the Trust is the aggregate value of the Trust’s assets less its liabilities (which include estimated accrued but unpaid fees and expenses). In determining the NAV of the Trust, the Trustee values the prices of Bullion as determined by the relevant London Metal Price. The gold held by the Trust is valued on the basis of the daily price of an ounce of gold as set by the LBMA-authorized participating bullion banks or market makers in an electronic, tradeable and auditable OTC auction conducted by IBA at 3:00 p.m. London, England time and disseminated electronically by IBA to selected major market data vendors such as Refinitiv and Bloomberg (LBMA PM Gold Price). Silver held by the Trust is valued on the basis of the daily price of an ounce of silver as set by LBMA-authorized participating bullion banks or market makers in an electronic, tradeable and auditable over-the-counter auction administered by IBA at approximately 12:00 noon London, England time, and disseminated by major market vendors (LBMA Silver Price). Platinum held by the Trust is valued on the basis of the price of an ounce of platinum as set by the afternoon session of the twice daily fix of the price of a troy ounce of platinum which starts at 2:00 p.m. London, England time (“LME PM Fix”) and is performed by an electronic pricing system (LMEbullion) administered by the London Metal Exchange (LME) in London in which participating members of the LPPM directly and other market participants indirectly through participating members of the LPPM submit buying and selling orders. Palladium held by the Trust is valued on the basis of the price of a troy ounce of palladium as set by the afternoon session of the twice daily fix of the price of a troy ounce of palladium which starts at 2:00 p.m. London, England time and is performed by an electronic pricing system (LMEbullion) administered by the LME in London in which participating members of the LPPM directly and other market participants indirectly through participating members of the LPPM submit buying and selling orders. See “Operation of the Bullion Markets” for a description of the operation of the electronic auction market process for the LBMA PM Gold Price, the LME PM Fix for platinum and palladium and the LBMA Silver Price. The Trustee determines the NAV of the Trust on each day the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading, as promptly as practicable after 4:00 p.m. New York time. If no London Metal Price is made for gold, silver, platinum or palladium on a particular evaluation day or has not been announced by 4:00 p.m. New York time on a particular evaluation day, the next most recent London Metal Price announced for such metal or metals will be used in the determination of the NAV of the Trust, unless the Sponsor determines that such price is inappropriate to use as basis for such determination. The Trustee also determines the NAV per Share, which equals the NAV of the Trust, divided by the number of outstanding Shares. | |
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| Trust expenses | The Trust’s only ordinary recurring charge is expected to be the Sponsor’s Fee. In exchange for the Sponsor’s Fee, the Sponsor has agreed to assume the organizational expenses of the Trust and the following administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust: the Trustee’s monthly fee and out-of-pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and reimbursement of the Custodian’s expenses under the Custody Agreements, Exchange listing fees, SEC registration fees, printing and mailing costs, audit fees and up to $100,000 per annum in legal expenses. | |
| Secondary Market Trading | While the Trust’s investment objective is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the prices of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the proportions held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses, only Authorized Participants can buy or sell Shares at NAV per Share. Shares may trade in the secondary market on the NYSE Arca at prices that are lower or higher relative to their NAV. The amount of the discount or premium in the trading price relative to the NAV per Share may be influenced by non-concurrent trading hours between the NYSE Arca and the London and Zurich bullion markets. While the Shares trade on the NYSE Arca until 4:00 p.m. New York time, liquidity in the global gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets is reduced after the close of the Commodity Exchange, Inc. (COMEX), a member of the CME Group of exchanges (CME Group) at 1:30 p.m. New York time. As a result, during this time, trading spreads, and the resulting premium or discount, on the Shares may widen. | |
| Sponsor’s Fee | The Sponsor’s Fee accrues daily at an annualized rate equal to 0.60% of the adjusted NAV (“ANAV”) of the Trust and is payable in-kind in Bullion monthly in arrears. Bullion used to pay the Sponsor’s Fee shall be comprised of gold, silver, platinum and palladium in such proportion so as to ensure that the Bullion held by the Trust following such transfer is in the same ratio of metals as the Bullion required for a Creation Basket Deposit. The Sponsor, from time to time, may waive all or a portion of the Sponsor’s Fee at its discretion for stated periods of time. The Sponsor is under no obligation to continue a waiver after the end of such stated period, and, if such waiver is not continued, the Sponsor’s Fee will thereafter be paid in full. Presently, the Sponsor does not intend to waive any of its fee. The Trustee, from time to time, delivers Bullion in such quantity as may be necessary to permit payment of the Sponsor’s Fee and sells Bullion in such quantity as may be necessary to permit payment in cash of Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. The Trustee is authorized to sell Bullion at such times and in the smallest amounts required to permit such cash payments as they become due, it being the intention to avoid or minimize the Trust’s holdings of assets other than Bullion. Accordingly, the amount of Bullion to be sold varies from time to time depending on the level of the Trust’s expenses and the market price of gold, silver, platinum and palladium. See “Business of the Trust—Trust Expenses.” | |
| Each delivery or sale of Bullion by the Trust to pay the Sponsor’s Fee or other expenses shall be delivered or sold in such proportion of gold, silver, platinum and palladium so as to ensure that the Bullion held by the Trust following such transfer is in the same ratio of metals as the Bullion required for a Creation Basket Deposit, and such delivery or sale will be a taxable event to Shareholders. See “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of US Shareholders.” | ||
| Termination events | The Trustee will terminate and liquidate the Trust if one of the following events occurs: |
| ● | the Shares are delisted from the NYSE Arca and are not approved for listing on another national securities exchange within five business days of their delisting; |
| ● | Shareholders acting in respect of at least 75% of the outstanding Shares notify the Trustee that they elect to terminate the Trust; |
| ● | 60 days have elapsed since the Trustee notified the Sponsor of the Trustee’s election to resign and a successor trustee has not been appointed and accepted its appointment; |
| ● | the SEC determines that the Trust is an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Trustee has actual knowledge of that determination; |
| ● | the aggregate market capitalization of the Trust, based on the closing price for the Shares, was less than $350 million (as adjusted for inflation by reference to the US Consumer Price Index) at any time after the first anniversary after the Trust’s formation and the Trustee receives, within six months after the last trading date on which the aggregate market capitalization of the Trust was less than $350 million, notice from the Sponsor of its decision to terminate the Trust; |
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| ● | the CFTC determines that the Trust is a commodity pool under the CEA and the Trustee has actual knowledge of that determination; |
| ● | the Trust fails to qualify for treatment, or ceases to be treated, for US federal income tax purposes, as a grantor trust, and the Trustee receives notice from the Sponsor that the Sponsor determines that, because of that tax treatment or change in tax treatment, termination of the Trust is advisable; |
| ● | 60 days have elapsed since DTC ceases to act as depository with respect to the Shares and the Sponsor has not identified another depository which is willing to act in such capacity; or |
| ● | the Trustee elects to terminate the Trust after the Sponsor is deemed conclusively to have resigned effective immediately as a result of the Sponsor being adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Sponsor or of its property being appointed, or a trustee or liquidator or any public officer taking charge or control of the Sponsor or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation. |
Upon the termination of the Trust, the Trustee will sell the Trust’s Bullion and, after paying or making provision for the Trust’s liabilities, distribute the proceeds to Shareholders surrendering Shares. See “Description of the Trust Agreement—Termination of the Trust.” | |
| Authorized Participants | Baskets may be created or redeemed only by Authorized Participants. Each Authorized Participant must (1) be a registered broker-dealer or other securities market participant such as a bank or other financial institution which is not required to register as a broker-dealer to engage in securities transactions, (2) be a participant in DTC, (3) have entered into an agreement with the Trustee and the Sponsor (Authorized Participant Agreement) and (4) have established an unallocated Bullion account with the Custodian or a physical Bullion clearing bank (Authorized Participant Unallocated Account). The Authorized Participant Agreement provides the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets and for the delivery of Bullion and any cash required for such creations or redemptions. A list of the current Authorized Participants can be obtained from the Trustee or the Sponsor. See “Creation and Redemption of Shares” for more details. |
| Clearance and settlement | The Shares are evidenced by one or more global certificates that the Trustee issues to DTC. The Shares are available only in book entry form. Shareholders may hold their Shares through DTC, if they are participants in DTC, or indirectly through entities that are participants in DTC. |
Summary of Financial Condition
As of the close of business on January 3, 2022, the NAV of the Trust, which represents the value of the Bullion deposited into and held by the Trust, was $970,465,000 and the NAV per Share was $89.03.
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You should consider carefully the risks described below before making an investment decision. You should also refer to the other information included in this prospectus, including the Trust’s financial statements and the related notes, as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference herein.
RISKS RELATED TO BULLION
The value of the Shares relates directly to the value of the Bullion held by the Trust and fluctuations in the price of gold, silver, platinum or palladium could materially adversely affect an investment in the Shares.
The Shares are designed to mirror as closely as possible the performance of the price of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the proportions held by the Trust, and the value of the Shares relates directly to the value of the Bullion held by the Trust, less the Trust’s liabilities (including estimated accrued but unpaid expenses). The prices of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium have fluctuated widely over the past several years. Several factors may affect the price of these metals, including:
| ● | A change in economic conditions, such as a recession, can adversely affect the price of Bullion. Bullion is used in a wide range of industrial applications, and an economic downturn could have a negative impact on its demand and, consequently, its price and the price of the Shares; |
| ● | Investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation; |
| ● | Currency exchange rates; |
| ● | Interest rates; |
| ● | Investment and trading activities of hedge funds and commodity funds; |
| ● | Global or regional political, economic or financial events and situations; and |
| ● | Global Bullion supply and demand. |
| ● | A significant change in investor interest, including in response to online campaigns or other activities specifically targeting investments in Bullion. |
In addition, investors should be aware that there is no assurance that gold, silver, platinum or palladium will maintain their long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future. In the event that the price of any metal held by the Trust declines, the Sponsor expects the value of an investment in the Shares to be impacted proportionately to the Trust’s interest in such metal.
Several factors may have the effect of causing a decline in the prices of Bullion and a corresponding decline in the price of Shares. Among them:
| ● | A significant increase in Bullion hedging activity by Bullion producers. Should there be an increase in the level of hedge activity of Bullion producing companies, it could cause a decline in world Bullion prices, adversely affecting the price of the Shares. |
| ● | A significant change in the attitude of speculators and investors towards Bullion. Should the speculative community take a negative view towards any Bullion metals, it could cause a decline in world prices for such Bullion metals, negatively impacting the price of the Shares. |
| ● | A widening of interest rate differentials between the cost of money and the cost of Bullion could negatively affect the price of Bullion which, in turn, could negatively affect the price of the Shares. |
| ● | A combination of rising money interest rates and a continuation of the current low cost of borrowing Bullion could improve the economics of selling Bullion forward. This could result in an increase in hedging by Bullion mining companies and short selling by speculative interests, which would negatively affect the price of Bullion. Under such circumstances, the price of the Shares would be similarly affected. |
Conversely, several factors may trigger a temporary increase in the price of Bullion prior to your investment in the Shares. For example, sudden increased investor interest in silver may cause an increase in world silver prices, increasing the price of the Shares. If that is the case, you will be buying Shares at prices affected by the temporarily high prices of silver, and you may incur losses when the causes for the temporary increase disappear.
A decline in the automobile industry may have the effect of causing a decline in the prices of platinum and palladium and a corresponding decline in the price of Shares.
Autocatalysts, automobile components for emissions control that use platinum and palladium, accounted for approximately 30% of the net global demand in platinum and 37% of the global demand in palladium in 2020. Reduced automotive industry sales may result in a decline in autocatalyst demand which may impact the price of platinum and palladium and affect the price of the Shares.
Crises may motivate large-scale sales of gold, silver, platinum or palladium which could decrease the price of such Bullion and adversely affect an investment in the Shares.
The possibility of large-scale distress sales of Bullion in times of crisis may have a short-term negative impact on the price of Bullion and adversely affect an investment in the Shares. For example, the 2008 financial credit crisis resulted in significantly depressed prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium largely due to forced sales and deleveraging from institutional investors. Crises in the future may impair Bullion’s price performance which would, in turn, adversely affect an investment in the Shares.
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The price of Bullion may be affected by the sale of ETVs tracking the gold, silver, platinum or palladium markets.
To the extent existing exchange traded vehicles (“ETVs”) tracking the gold, silver, platinum or palladium markets represent a significant proportion of demand for physical Bullion, large redemptions of the securities of these ETVs could negatively affect physical Bullion prices and the price and NAV of the Shares.
RISKS RELATED TO THE SHARES
The Shares and their value could decrease if unanticipated operational or trading problems arise.
There may be unanticipated problems or issues with respect to the mechanics of the Trust’s operations and the trading of the Shares that could have a material adverse effect on an investment in the Shares. In addition, although the Trust is not actively “managed” by traditional methods, to the extent that unanticipated operational or trading problems or issues arise, the Sponsor’s past experience and qualifications may not be suitable for solving these problems or issues.
Discrepancies, disruptions or unreliability of the LBMA PM Gold Price, the LBMA Silver Price, or the LME PM Fix could impact the value of the Trust’s Bullion and the market price of the Shares.
The Trustee values the Trust’s gold, silver, platinum and palladium pursuant to the LBMA PM Gold Price for gold, the LBMA Silver Price for silver, and the LME PM Fix for platinum and palladium. In the event that the LBMA PM Gold Price, the LBMA Silver Price, or the LME PM Fix (the “London Metal Prices”) prove to be inaccurate benchmarks, or such London Metal Prices vary materially from the prices determined by other mechanisms for valuing precious metals, the value of the Trust’s Bullion and the market price of the Shares could be adversely impacted. Any future developments in the London Metal Prices, to the extent they have a material impact on the London Metal Prices, could adversely impact the value of the Trust’s Bullion and the market price of the Shares. It is possible that electronic failures or other unanticipated events may occur that could result in delays in the announcement of, or the inability of the benchmarks to produce, the London Metal Prices on any given date. Furthermore, any actual or perceived disruptions that result in the perception that the London Metal Prices are vulnerable to actual or attempted manipulation could adversely affect the behavior of market participants, which may have an effect on the prices of gold, silver, platinum or palladium. If the London Metal Prices are unreliable for any reason, the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium and the market price for the Shares may decline or be subject to greater volatility.
If the process of creation and redemption of Baskets encounters any unanticipated difficulties, the possibility for arbitrage transactions intended to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the prices of the underlying Bullion may not exist and, as a result, the price of the Shares may fall.
If the processes of creation and redemption of Shares (which depend on timely transfers of Bullion to and by the Custodian) encounter any unanticipated difficulties, potential market participants who would otherwise be willing to purchase or redeem Baskets to take advantage of any arbitrage opportunity arising from discrepancies between the price of the Shares and the prices of the underlying Bullion may not take the risk that, as a result of those difficulties, they may not be able to realize the profit they expect. If this is the case, the liquidity of Shares may decline and the price of the Shares may fluctuate independently of the prices of the underlying Bullion and may fall. Additionally, redemptions could be suspended in any period during which (1) the NYSE Arca is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE Arca is suspended or restricted, or (2) an emergency exists as a result of which delivery, disposal or evaluation of the Bullion is not reasonably practicable.
A possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of Shares that largely exceeds supply may lead to price volatility in the Shares.
Investors may purchase Shares to hedge existing exposure to Bullion or to speculate on the price of Bullion. Speculation on the price of Bullion may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of Shares available for purchase (for example, in the event that large redemption requests by Authorized Participants dramatically affect Share liquidity), investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase Shares for delivery to Share lenders. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of the Shares until additional Shares are created through the creation process. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in Shares that are not directly correlated to the price of Bullion.
The liquidity of the Shares may be affected by the withdrawal from participation of one or more Authorized Participants.
In the event that one or more Authorized Participants having substantial interests in Shares or otherwise responsible for a significant portion of the Shares’ daily trading volume on the Exchange withdraw from participation, the liquidity of the Shares will likely decrease which could adversely affect the market price of the Shares and result in Shareholders incurring a loss on their investment.
Shareholders do not have the protections associated with ownership of shares in an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or the protections afforded by the CEA.
The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not required to register under such act. Consequently, Shareholders do not have the regulatory protections provided to investors in investment companies. The Trust does not and will not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts, “commodity interests” or any other instruments regulated by the CEA, as administered by the CFTC and the NFA. Furthermore, the Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the CEA, and neither the Sponsor nor the Trustee is subject to regulation by the CFTC as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading advisor in connection with the Trust or the Shares. Consequently, Shareholders do not have the regulatory protections provided to investors in CEA-regulated instruments or commodity pools operated by registered commodity pool operators or advised by registered commodity trading advisors.
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The Trust may be required to terminate and liquidate at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.
If the Trust is required to terminate and liquidate, such termination and liquidation could occur at a time which is disadvantageous to Shareholders, such as when Bullion prices are lower than the Bullion prices at the time when Shareholders purchased their Shares. In such a case, when the Trust’s Bullion is sold as part of the Trust’s liquidation, the resulting proceeds distributed to Shareholders will be less than if Bullion prices were higher at the time of sale.
The lack of an active trading market for the Shares may result in losses on investment at the time of disposition of the Shares.
Although Shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, it cannot be assumed that an active trading market for the Shares will be maintained. If an investor needs to sell Shares at a time when no active market for Shares exists, such lack of an active market will most likely adversely affect the price the investor receives for the Shares (assuming the investor is able to sell them).
Shareholders do not have the rights enjoyed by investors in certain other vehicles.
As interests in an investment trust, the Shares have none of the statutory rights normally associated with the ownership of shares of a corporation (including, for example, the right to bring “oppression” or “derivative” actions). In addition, the Shares have limited voting and distribution rights (for example, Shareholders do not have the right to elect directors or approve amendments to the Trust Agreement, and do not receive dividends).
An investment in the Shares may be adversely affected by competition from other methods of investing in Bullion.
The Trust competes with other financial vehicles, including traditional debt and equity securities issued by companies in the gold, silver, platinum and palladium industries and other securities backed by or linked to Bullion, direct investments in Bullion and investment vehicles similar to the Trust. Market and financial conditions, and other conditions beyond the Sponsor’s control, may make it more attractive to invest in other financial vehicles or to invest in Bullion directly, which could limit the market for the Shares and reduce the liquidity of the Shares.
The amount of Bullion represented by each Share will decrease over the life of the Trust due to the recurring deliveries of Bullion necessary to pay the Sponsor’s Fee in-kind and potential sales of Bullion to pay in cash the Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. Without increases in the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium sufficient to compensate for that decrease, the price of the Shares will also decline proportionately over the life of the Trust.
The amount of Bullion represented by each Share decreases each day by the Sponsor’s Fee. In addition, although the Sponsor has agreed to assume all organizational and certain administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust (the Trustee’s monthly fee and out-of-pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and reimbursement of the Custodian’s expenses under the Custody Agreements, Exchange listing fees, SEC registration fees, printing and mailing costs, audit fees and up to $100,000 per annum in legal expenses), in exceptional cases certain Trust expenses may need to be paid by the Trust. Because the Trust does not have any income, it must either make payments in-kind by deliveries of Bullion (as is the case with the Sponsor’s Fee) or it must sell Bullion to obtain cash (as in the case of any exceptional expenses). The result of these sales of Bullion and recurring deliveries of Bullion to pay the Sponsor’s Fee in-kind is a decrease in the amount of Bullion represented by each Share. New deposits of Bullion, received in exchange for new Baskets issued by the Trust, will not reverse this trend.
A decrease in the amount of Bullion represented by each Share results in a decrease in each Share’s price even if the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium do not change. To retain the Share’s original price, the price of Bullion must increase, whether that is the price of gold, silver, platinum, palladium or any combination thereof. Without that increase, the lesser amount of Bullion represented by the Share will have a correspondingly lower price. If these increases do not occur, or are not sufficient to counter the lesser amount of Bullion represented by each Share, Shareholders will sustain losses on their investment in Shares.
An increase in Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, or the existence of unexpected liabilities affecting the Trust, will require the Trustee to sell larger amounts of Bullion, and will result in a more rapid decrease of the amount of Bullion represented by each Share and a corresponding decrease in its value.
The sale of the Trust’s Bullion to pay expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, or unexpected liabilities affecting the Trust, at a time of low Bullion prices could adversely affect the value of the Shares.
The Trustee sells Bullion held by the Trust to pay Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor on an as-needed basis irrespective of then-current gold, silver, platinum and palladium prices. The Trust is not actively managed and no attempt will be made to buy or sell Bullion to protect against or to take advantage of fluctuations in the price of any Bullion metal. Consequently, the Trust’s Bullion may be sold at a time when the Bullion prices are low, resulting in the sale of more Bullion than would be required if the Trust sold when prices were higher. The sale of the Trust’s Bullion to pay expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, or unexpected liabilities affecting the Trust, at a time of low Bullion prices could adversely affect the value of the Shares.
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The value of the Shares will be adversely affected if the Trust is required to indemnify the Sponsor or the Trustee under the Trust Agreement.
Under the Trust Agreement, each of the Sponsor and the Trustee has a right to be indemnified from the Trust for any liability or expense it incurs without gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, willful malfeasance or reckless disregard on its part. That means the Sponsor or the Trustee may require the assets of the Trust to be sold in order to cover losses or liability suffered by it. Any sale of that kind would reduce the NAV of the Trust and the value of the Shares.
The Shares may trade at a price which is at, above or below the NAV per Share and any discount or premium in the trading price relative to the NAV per Share may widen as a result of non-concurrent trading hours between the NYSE Arca and London, Zurich and COMEX.
The Shares may trade at, above or below the NAV per Share. The NAV per Share fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Trust’s assets. The trading price of the Shares fluctuates in accordance with changes in the NAV per Share as well as market supply and demand. The amount of the discount or premium in the trading price relative to the NAV per Share may be influenced by non-concurrent trading hours between the NYSE Arca and the major Bullion markets. While the Shares trade on the NYSE Arca until 4:00 p.m. New York time, liquidity in the market for gold, platinum and palladium is reduced after the close of the major world markets for gold, platinum and palladium, including London, Zurich and the COMEX and liquidity in the market for silver will be reduced after the close of the major world silver markets, including London and the COMEX. As a result, during these periods, trading spreads, and the resulting premium or discount on the Shares, may widen.
Purchasing activity in the platinum and palladium markets associated with Basket creations or selling activity following Basket redemptions may affect the prices of platinum and palladium and Share trading prices. These price changes may adversely affect an investment in the Shares.
Purchasing activity associated with acquiring the Bullion required for deposit into the Trust in connection with the creation of Baskets may increase the market prices of platinum and palladium, which will result in higher prices for the Shares. Increases in the market prices of platinum and palladium may also occur as a result of the purchasing activity of other market participants. Other market participants may attempt to benefit from an increase in the market prices of platinum and palladium that may result from increased purchasing activity of platinum and palladium connected with the issuance of Baskets. If, the prices of platinum and palladium decline, the trading price of the Shares will also decline.
Selling activity associated with sales of platinum and palladium withdrawn from the Trust in connection with the redemption of Baskets may decrease the market price of platinum and palladium, which will result in lower prices for the Shares. Decreases in the market price of platinum and palladium may also occur as a result of the selling activity of other market participants. If the price of platinum and palladium declines, the trading price of the Shares will also decline in proportion to the Trust’s interest in platinum and palladium.
Since there is no limit on the amount of platinum and palladium that the Trust may acquire, the Trust, as it grows, may have an impact on the supply and demand of platinum and palladium that ultimately may affect the price of the Shares in a manner unrelated to other factors affecting the global markets for platinum and palladium.
The Trust Agreement places no limit on the amount of platinum and palladium the Trust may hold. Moreover, the Trust may issue an unlimited number of Shares, subject to registration requirements, and thereby acquire an unlimited amount of platinum and palladium. The global market for platinum and palladium is characterized by supply and demand constraints that are generally not present in the markets for other precious metals such as gold and silver. Between 2013 to 2020, world platinum mine supply averaged 5.8 million ounces, while world net demand averaged 8.1 million ounces. During the same period, total global supply measured 7.7 million ounces of platinum and 5.8 million ounces of palladium. If the amount of platinum and palladium acquired by the Trust is large enough in relation to global platinum and palladium supply and demand, further in-kind creations and redemptions of Shares could have an impact on the supply and demand of platinum and palladium unrelated to other factors affecting the global markets for platinum and palladium. Such an impact could affect the prices for platinum and palladium that would directly affect the price at which Shares are traded on the Exchange or the price of future Baskets created or redeemed by the Trust.
The Trust and the Sponsor cannot provide Shareholders any assurance that the metal holdings of the Trust will have a similar impact or have no long-term metal price impact thereby affecting Share trading prices.
RISKS RELATED TO THE CUSTODY OF BULLION
The Trust’s Bullion may be subject to loss, damage, theft or restriction on access.
There is a risk that part or all of the Trust’s Bullion could be lost, damaged or stolen. Access to the Trust’s Bullion could also be restricted by natural events (such as an earthquake) or human actions (such as a terrorist attack). Any of these events may adversely affect the operations of the Trust and, consequently, an investment in the Shares.
The Trust’s lack of insurance protection and the Shareholders’ limited rights of legal recourse against the Trust, the Trustee, the Sponsor, the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodians and any other sub-custodian exposes the Trust and its Shareholders to the risk of loss of the Trust’s Bullion for which no person is liable.
The Trust does not insure its Bullion. The Custodian maintains insurance with regard to its business on such terms and conditions as it considers appropriate in connection with its custodial obligations and is responsible for all costs, fees and expenses arising from the insurance policy or policies. The Trust is not a beneficiary of any such insurance and does not have the ability to dictate the existence, nature or amount of coverage. Therefore, Shareholders cannot be assured that the Custodian maintains adequate insurance or any insurance with respect to the Bullion held by the Custodian on behalf of the Trust. In addition, the Custodian and the Trustee do not require the Zurich Sub-Custodians or any other direct or indirect sub-custodians to be insured or bonded with respect to their custodial activities or in respect of the Bullion held by them on behalf of the Trust. Further, Shareholders’ recourse against the Trust, the Trustee and the Sponsor under New York law, the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodians and any sub- custodian under English law, and any other sub-custodian under the law governing their custody operations is limited. Consequently, a loss may be suffered with respect to the Trust’s Bullion which is not covered by insurance and for which no person is liable in damages.
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The Custodian’s limited liability under the Custody Agreements and English law may impair the ability of the Trust to recover losses concerning its Bullion and any recovery may be limited, even in the event of fraud, to the market value of the Bullion at the time the fraud is discovered.
The liability of the Custodian is limited under the Custody Agreements. Under the Custody Agreements between the Trustee and the Custodian which establish the Trust Unallocated Account and the Trust Allocated Account, the Custodian is only liable for losses that are the direct result of its own negligence, fraud or willful default in the performance of its duties. Any such liability is further limited to the market value of the Bullion lost or damaged at the time such negligence, fraud or willful default is discovered by the Custodian, provided the Custodian notifies the Trust and the Trustee promptly after discovery of the loss or damage. Under each Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement (between the Custodian and an Authorized Participant establishing an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account), the Custodian is not contractually or otherwise liable for any losses suffered by any Authorized Participant or Shareholder that are not the direct result of its own gross negligence, fraud or willful default in the performance of its duties under such agreement, and in no event will its liability exceed the market value of the balance in the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account at the time such gross negligence, fraud or willful default is discovered by the Custodian. For any Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement between an Authorized Participant and another Bullion clearing bank, the liability of the Bullion clearing bank to the Authorized Participant may be greater or lesser than the Custodian’s liability to the Authorized Participant described in the preceding sentence, depending on the terms of the agreement. In addition, the Custodian will not be liable for any delay in performance or any non-performance of any of its obligations under the Allocated Account Agreement, the Unallocated Account Agreement or the Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement by reason of any cause beyond its reasonable control, including acts of God, war or terrorism. As a result, the recourse of the Trustee or a Shareholder, under English law, is limited. Furthermore, under English common law, the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodian, or any other sub-custodian will not be liable for any delay in the performance or any non-performance of its custodial obligations by reason of any cause beyond its reasonable control.
The obligations of the Custodian, any Zurich Sub-Custodian and any other sub-custodians are governed by English law, which may frustrate the Trust in attempting to seek legal redress against the Custodian, a Zurich Sub-Custodian or any other sub-custodian concerning its Bullion.
The obligations of the Custodian under the Custody Agreements are, and the Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreements may be, governed by English law. The Custodian has entered into arrangements with the Zurich Sub-Custodian and may enter into arrangements with any other sub-custodians for the temporary custody or holding of the Trust’s Bullion, which arrangements may also be governed by English law. The Trust is a New York common law trust. Any United States, New York or other court situated in the United States may have difficulty interpreting English law (which, insofar as it relates to custody arrangements, is largely derived from court rulings rather than statute), LBMA or LPPM rules or the customs and practices in the London custody market. It may be difficult or impossible for the Trust to sue any Zurich Sub-Custodian or any other sub-custodian in a United States, New York or other court situated in the United States. In addition, it may be difficult, time consuming and/or expensive for the Trust to enforce in a foreign court a judgment rendered by a United States, New York or other court situated in the United States.
Although the relationships between the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodians concerning the Trust’s allocated Bullion are expressly governed by English law, a court hearing any legal dispute concerning their arrangements may disregard that choice of law and apply Swiss law, in which case the ability of the Trust to seek legal redress against any Zurich Sub-Custodian may be frustrated.
The obligations of the Zurich Sub-Custodians under their arrangements with the Custodian with respect to the Trust’s allocated Bullion are or will be expressly governed by English law. Nevertheless, a court in the United States, England or Switzerland may determine that English law should not apply and, instead, apply Swiss law to those arrangements. Not only might it be difficult or impossible for a United States or English court to apply Swiss law to the Zurich Sub-Custodians’ arrangements, but application of Swiss law may, among other things, alter the relative rights and obligations of the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodians to the extent that a loss to the Trust’s Bullion may not have adequate or any legal redress. Further, the ability of the Trust to seek legal redress against the Zurich Sub-Custodian may be frustrated by application of Swiss law.
The Trust may not have adequate sources of recovery if its Bullion is lost, damaged, stolen or destroyed.
If the Trust’s Bullion is lost, damaged, stolen or destroyed under circumstances rendering a party liable to the Trust, the responsible party may not have the financial resources sufficient to satisfy the Trust’s claim. For example, as to a particular event of loss, the only source of recovery for the Trust might be limited to the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodians or any other sub- custodian or, to the extent identifiable, other responsible third parties (e.g., a thief or terrorist), any of which may not have the financial resources (including liability insurance coverage) to satisfy a valid claim of the Trust.
10
Shareholders and Authorized Participants lack the right under the Custody Agreements to assert claims directly against the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodian, and any other sub-custodian.
Neither the Shareholders nor any Authorized Participant have a right under the Custody Agreements to assert a claim of the Trust against the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodian or any other sub-custodian. Claims under the Custody Agreements may only be asserted by the Trustee on behalf of the Trust.
The Custodian is reliant on the Zurich Sub-Custodians for the safekeeping of the Trust’s platinum and palladium held in Zurich on an allocated basis. Furthermore, the Custodian has limited obligations to oversee or monitor the Zurich Sub-Custodians. As a result, failure by a Zurich Sub-Custodian to exercise due care in the safekeeping of the Trust’s platinum and palladium could result in a loss to the Trust.
While some trading occurs in London, platinum and palladium generally trade on a loco Zurich basis, whereby the physical precious metal is held in vaults located in Zurich or is transferred into accounts established in Zurich. The Custodian does not have a vault in Zurich and will be reliant on one or more Zurich Sub-Custodians for the safekeeping of that portion of the Trust’s allocated platinum and palladium that is held in Zurich. Other than obligations to (1) use reasonable care in appointing a Zurich Sub-Custodian, (2) require the Zurich Sub-Custodians to segregate the platinum and palladium held by it for the Trust from any other platinum and palladium held by it for the Custodian and any other customers of the Custodian by making appropriate entries in its books and records and (3) ensure that a Zurich Sub-Custodian provides confirmation to the Trustee that it has undertaken to segregate the platinum and palladium held by it for the Trust, the Custodian is not liable for the acts or omissions of the Zurich Sub-Custodians. Other than as described above, the Custodian does not undertake to monitor the performance by the Zurich Sub- Custodians of their custody functions. The Trustee’s obligation to monitor the performance of the Custodian is limited to receiving and reviewing the reports of the Custodian. The Trustee does not monitor the performance of the Zurich Sub-Custodians or any other sub-custodian. In addition, the ability of the Trustee and the Sponsor to monitor the performance of the Custodian may be limited because, under the Custody Agreements, the Trustee and the Sponsor have only limited rights to visit the premises of the Custodian or a Zurich Sub-Custodian for the purpose of examining the Trust’s platinum or palladium and certain related records maintained by the Custodian or the Zurich Sub-Custodians.
As a result of the above, any failure by a Zurich Sub-Custodian to exercise due care in the safekeeping of the Trust’s platinum or palladium may not be detectable or controllable by the Custodian, the Sponsor or the Trustee and could result in a loss to the Trust.
Because the Trustee does not, and the Custodian has limited obligations to, oversee or monitor the activities of sub-custodians who may hold the Trust’s Bullion, failure by the sub-custodians to exercise due care in the safekeeping of the Trust’s Bullion could result in a loss to the Trust.
Under the Allocated Account Agreement described in “Description of the Custody Agreements”, the Custodian may appoint from time to time one or more sub-custodians to hold the Trust’s Bullion on a temporary basis pending delivery to the Custodian. The sub-custodians the Custodian currently uses are UBS AG for palladium and platinum and Malca Amit UK for silver. The custodian may use LBMA and LPPM market-making members that provide bullion vaulting and clearing services to third parties. The Custodian will select the Zurich Sub-Custodians, and each Zurich Sub-Custodian will maintain custody of that portion of the Trust’s allocated platinum and palladium to be held in Zurich for the Custodian. The Custodian is required under the Allocated Account Agreement to use reasonable care in appointing the Zurich Sub-Custodians and any other sub-custodian, making the Custodian liable only for negligence or bad faith in the selection of such sub-custodians, and has an obligation to use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain delivery of the Trust’s Bullion from any sub-custodians appointed by the Custodian. Otherwise, the Custodian is not liable for the acts or omissions of its sub-custodians. These sub-custodians may in turn appoint further sub-custodians, but the Custodian is not responsible for the appointment of these further sub-custodians. The Custodian does not undertake to monitor the performance by sub-custodians of their custody functions or their selection of further sub-custodians. The Trustee does not monitor the performance of the Custodian other than to review the reports provided by the Custodian pursuant to the Custody Agreements and does not undertake to monitor the performance of any sub-custodian. Furthermore, except for the Zurich Sub-Custodian, the Trustee may have no right to visit the premises of any sub-custodian for the purposes of examining the Trust’s Bullion or any records maintained by the sub-custodian, and no sub-custodian will be obligated to cooperate in any review the Trustee may wish to conduct of the facilities, procedures, records or creditworthiness of such sub-custodian. In addition, the ability of the Trustee to monitor the performance of the Custodian may be limited because under the Allocated Account Agreement and the Unallocated Account Agreement the Trustee has only limited rights to visit the premises of the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian for the purpose of examining the Trust’s Bullion and certain related records maintained by the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian. See “Custody of the Trust’s Bullion” for more information about sub-custodians that may hold the Trust’s bullion.
The obligations of any sub-custodian of the Trust’s Bullion are not determined by contractual arrangements but by LBMA and LPPM rules and London or Zurich Bullion market customs and practices, which may prevent the Trust’s recovery of damages for losses on its Bullion custodied with sub-custodians.
Except for the Custodian’s arrangements with the Zurich Sub-Custodians, there are expected to be no written contractual arrangements between sub-custodians that hold the Trust’s Bullion and the Trustee or the Custodian because traditionally such arrangements are based on the LBMA’s and the LPPM’s rules and on the customs and practices of the London or Zurich Bullion markets. In the event of a legal dispute with respect to or arising from such arrangements, it may be difficult to define such customs and practices. The LBMA’s and the LPPM’s rules may be subject to change outside the control of the Trust. Under English law, neither the Trustee nor the Custodian would have a supportable breach of contract claim against a sub-custodian for losses relating to the safekeeping of Bullion. If the Trust’s Bullion is lost or damaged while in the custody of a sub-custodian, the Trust may not be able to recover damages from the Custodian or the sub-custodian. Whether a sub-custodian will be liable for the failure of sub-custodians appointed by it to exercise due care in the safekeeping of the Trust’s Bullion will depend on the facts and circumstances of the particular situation. Shareholders cannot be assured that the Trustee will be able to recover damages from sub-custodians whether appointed by the Custodian or by another sub-custodian for any losses relating to the safekeeping of Bullion by such sub-custodian.
11
Physical Bullion allocated to the Trust in connection with the creation of a Basket may not meet the Good Delivery Standards and, if a Basket is issued against such Bullion, the Trust may suffer a loss.
Neither the Trustee nor the Custodian independently confirms the fineness of the physical gold, silver, platinum or palladium allocated to the Trust in connection with the creation of a Basket. The Bullion allocated to the Trust by the Custodian may be different from the reported fineness or weight required by the LBMA’s standards for gold and silver bars or the LPPM’s standards for platinum and palladium plates and ingots delivered in settlement of a Bullion trade (“Good Delivery Standards”), the standards required by the Trust. If the Trustee nevertheless issues a Basket against such Bullion, and if the Custodian fails to satisfy its obligation to credit the Trust the amount of any deficiency, the Trust may suffer a loss.
Bullion held in the Trust’s unallocated Bullion account and any Authorized Participant’s unallocated Bullion account will not be segregated from the Custodian’s assets. If the Custodian becomes insolvent, its assets may not be adequate to satisfy a claim by the Trust or any Authorized Participant. In addition, in the event of the Custodian’s insolvency, there may be a delay and costs incurred in identifying the gold and silver bars and platinum and palladium plates and ingots held in the Trust’s allocated Bullion account.
Bullion which is part of a deposit for a purchase order or part of a redemption distribution is held for a time in the Trust Unallocated Account and, previously or subsequently, in the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account of the purchasing or redeeming Authorized Participant. During those times, the Trust and the Authorized Participant, as the case may be, have no proprietary rights to any specific bars of gold or silver or plates or ingots of platinum or palladium held by the Custodian and each is an unsecured creditor of the Custodian with respect to the amount of Bullion held in such unallocated accounts. In addition, if the Custodian fails to allocate the Trust’s Bullion in a timely manner, in the proper amounts or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Unallocated Account Agreement, or if a sub-custodian fails to so segregate Bullion held by it on behalf of the Trust, unallocated Bullion will not be segregated from the Custodian’s assets, and the Trust will be an unsecured creditor of the Custodian with respect to the amount so held in the event of the insolvency of the Custodian. In the event the Custodian becomes insolvent, the Custodian’s assets might not be adequate to satisfy a claim by the Trust or the Authorized Participant for the amount of Bullion held in their respective unallocated Bullion accounts.
In the case of the insolvency of the Custodian, a liquidator may seek to freeze access to the Bullion held in all of the accounts held by the Custodian, including the Trust Allocated Account. Although the Trust would be able to claim ownership of properly allocated Bullion, the Trust could incur expenses in connection with asserting such claims, and the assertion of such a claim by the liquidator could delay creations and redemptions of Baskets.
In issuing Baskets, the Trustee relies on certain information received from the Custodian which is subject to confirmation after the Trustee has relied on the information. If such information turns out to be incorrect, Baskets may be issued in exchange for an amount of Bullion which is more or less than the amount of Bullion which is required to be deposited with the Trust.
The Custodian’s definitive records are prepared after the close of its business day. However, when issuing Baskets, the Trustee relies on information reporting the amount of Bullion credited to the Trust’s accounts which it receives from the Custodian during the business day and which is subject to correction during the preparation of the Custodian’s definitive records after the close of business. If the information relied upon by the Trustee is incorrect, the amount of Bullion actually received by the Trust may be more or less than the amount required to be deposited for the issuance of Baskets.
GENERAL RISKS
The Trust relies on the information and technology systems of the Trustee, the Custodian, the Marketing Agent and the Sponsor, which could be adversely affected by information systems interruptions, cybersecurity attacks or other disruptions which could have a material adverse effect on the Trust’s record keeping and operations.
The Custodian, the Trustee the Marketing Agent and the Sponsor depend upon information technology infrastructure, including network, hardware and software systems to conduct their business as it relates to the Trust. A cybersecurity incident, or a failure to protect their computer systems, networks and information against cybersecurity threats, could result in a loss of information and adversely impact their ability to conduct their business, including their business on behalf of the Trust. Despite implementation of network and other cybersecurity measures, their security measures may not be adequate to protect against all cybersecurity threats.
The Trust as well as the Sponsor and its service providers are vulnerable to the effects of public health crises, including the ongoing novel coronavirus pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions to economies and markets around the world, including the markets in which the Trust invests, and which has and may continue to negatively impact the value of certain of the Trust’s investments. Although vaccines for COVID-19 and variants thereof are becoming more widely available, the COVID-19 pandemic and impacts thereof may continue for an extended period of time and may vary from market to market. To the extent the impacts of COVID-19 continue, the Trust may experience negative impacts to its business that could exacerbate other risks to which the Trust is subject. Policy and legislative changes in countries around the world are affecting many aspects of financial regulation, and governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have previously responded to serious economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes.
12
Uncertainty regarding the effects of Brexit could adversely affect the price of the Shares.
The United Kingdom (the “UK”) left the European Union (the “EU”) (“Brexit”) on January 31, 2020, subject to a transitional period ending December 31, 2020. During the transitional period, although the UK was no longer a member state of the EU, it remained subject to EU law and regulations as if it were still a member state. The UK and the EU were to negotiate the terms of their future trading relationship during the transitional period. On December 24, 2020, negotiators representing the UK and the EU came to a preliminary trade agreement (the “TCA”), which was subsequently ratified by the UK Parliament on December 30, 2020. On May 1, 2021, the EU Parliament ratified the TCA and the TCA entered into force. Despite the existence of the TCA, many aspects of the trade relationship between the EU and the UK, including matters related to financial services, are subject to future negotiation. It is not possible to predict the nature of the future trading relationship between the EU and the UK due to political uncertainty.
The unavoidable uncertainties and events related to Brexit could increase taxes and costs of business and cause volatility in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Brexit could adversely affect the performance of contracts in existence at the date of Brexit and European, UK or worldwide political, regulatory, economic or market conditions and could contribute to instability in political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets. Brexit could also lead to legal uncertainty and politically divergent national laws and regulations as a new relationship between the UK and EU is defined and the UK determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. Any of these effects of Brexit, and others that cannot be anticipated, could adversely affect the price of the Shares. The impact of Brexit on the Trust, the Trust’s service providers, and markets generally may not be fully known for some time.
Potential conflicts of interest may arise among the Sponsor or its affiliates and the Trust.
Conflicts of interest may arise among the Sponsor and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the Trust and its Shareholders, on the other hand. As a result of these conflicts, the Sponsor may favor its own interests and the interests of its affiliates over the Trust and its Shareholders. As an example, the Sponsor, its affiliates and their officers and employees are not prohibited from engaging in other businesses or activities, including those that might be in direct competition with the Trust.
13
Proceeds received by the Trust from the issuance and sale of Baskets, including the Shares (which are described on the front page of this prospectus) consist of gold, silver, platinum and palladium deposits and, possibly from time to time, cash. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, during the life of the Trust such proceeds will only be (1) held by the Trust, (2) distributed to Authorized Participants in connection with the redemption of Baskets or (3) disbursed to pay the Sponsor’s Fee or sold as needed to pay the Trust’s expenses not assumed by the Sponsor.
OVERVIEW OF THE BULLION INDUSTRIES
Overview of the Bullion Industries
Introduction
This section provides a brief introduction to the gold, silver, platinum and palladium industries by looking at some of the key participants, detailing the primary sources of demand and supply and, with respect to the gold and silver industries, outlining the role of the “official” sector (i.e., central banks) in the markets.
The Gold Industry
Market Participants.
The participants in the world gold market may be classified in the following sectors: the mining and producer sector, the banking sector, the official sector, the investment sector, and the manufacturing sector. A brief description of each follows.
Mining and Producer Sector.
This group includes mining companies that specialize in gold and silver production, mining companies that produce gold as a by-product of other production (such as a copper or silver producer), scrap merchants and recyclers.
Banking Sector.
Gold bullion banks provide a variety of services to the gold market and its participants, thereby facilitating interactions between other parties. Services provided by the gold bullion banking community include traditional banking products as well as mine financing, physical gold purchases and sales, hedging and risk management, inventory management for industrial users and consumers, and gold deposit and loan instruments.
The Official Sector.
The official sector encompasses the activities of the various central banking operations of gold-holding countries. According to statistics released by the World Gold Council, central banks are estimated to hold approximately 35,000 tonnes (when used herein “tonne” refers to one metric tonne, which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or 32,151 troy ounces) of gold reserves, or approximately 20% of existing above-ground stocks. From 2009 to 2019, the European Central Bank and other central banks of Europe operated under a series of four Central Bank Gold Agreements (“CBGA”). The CBGA limited the amount of gold that these banks were allowed to sell for the duration of each agreement, helping to stabilize the gold market. The CBGA had the desired effect, and the gold market has become more balanced, eliminating the need for a formal agreement going forward.
The Investment Sector.
This sector includes the investment and trading activities of both professional and private investors and speculators. These participants range from large hedge and mutual funds to day-traders on futures exchanges, and retail-level coin collectors.
The Manufacturing Sector.
The fabrication and manufacturing sector represents all the commercial and industrial users of gold for whom gold is a daily part of their business. The jewelry industry is a large user of gold. Other industrial users of gold include the electronics and dental industries.
14
World Gold Supply and Demand 2011-2020 (in tonnes)
The following table sets forth a summary of the world gold supply and demand for the period from 2011 to 2020 and is based on information reported by the World Gold Council.
| (tonnes) | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supply | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mine production |
2,868 | 2,882 | 3,076 | 3,180 | 3,222 | 3,251 | 3,247 | 3,332 | 3,530 | 3,473 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scrap | 1,698 | 1,700 | 1,303 | 1,159 | 1,180 | 1,306 | 1,210 | 1,178 | 1,281 | 1,302 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Hedging Supply | 18 | (40 | ) | (39 | ) | 108 | 21 | 32 | (41 | ) | 8 | (0.7 | ) | (52) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Supply | 4,584 | 4,542 | 4,340 | 4,447 | 4,423 | 4,589 | 4,416 | 4,518 | 4,810 | 4,723 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jewelry Fabrication | 2,099 | 2,066 | 2,726 | 2,559 | 2,464 | 1,953 | 2,214 | 2,129 | 2,122 | 1,327 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial Fabrication | 470 | 432 | 428 | 411 | 376 | 366 | 380 | 391 | 326 | 302 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronics | 342 | 310 | 306 | 297 | 267 | 264 | 277 | 288 | 262 | 248 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dental & Medical | 43 | 39 | 36 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 13.9 | 11.9 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Industrial | 85 | 84 | 85 | 80 | 76 | 71 | 73 | 74 | 49.8 | 42 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Official Sector | 457 | 544 | 409 | 466 | 443 | 269 | 366 | 536 | 668 | 255 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail Investment | 1,617 | 1,407 | 1,871 | 1,162 | 1,160 | 1,043 | 1,028 | 1,097 | 871 | 899 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bars | 1,248 | 1,057 | 1,444 | 886 | 875 | 786 | 780 | 800 | 579.6 | 537 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coins | 369 | 350 | 426 | 276 | 284 | 257 | 248 | 297 | 292 | 292 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Demand | 4,643 | 4,449 | 5,434 | 4,598 | 4,443 | 3,631 | 3,988 | 4,153 | 3,987 | 3,731 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Surplus/Deficit | (59 | ) | 93 | (1,094 | ) | (151 | ) | (20 | ) | 958 | 428 | 365 | 823 | 1,066 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ETF Inventory Build | 189 | 279 | (879 | ) | (155 | ) | (117 | ) | 539 | 177 | 59 | 398 | 873 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange Inventory Build | (6 | ) | (10 | ) | (98 | ) | 1 | (48 | ) | 86 | — | (21 | ) | — | — |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Balance | (242 | ) | (176 | ) | (117 | ) | 3 | 145 | 333 | 251 | 327 | 425 | 193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: World Gold Council Gold Survey 2021
The following are some of the main characteristics of the gold market illustrated by the table:
One factor which separates gold from other precious metals is that there are large above-ground stocks which can be quickly mobilized. As a result of gold’s liquidity, gold often acts more like a currency than a commodity.
Over the past ten years, (new) mine production of gold has experienced a modest rise of an average of 2.40% per annum. Of the three sources of supply, mine production accounts for 73.5% in 2020. Recycled gold volumes have ranged from 1,069 tonnes to 1,637 tonnes over the past 10 years.
On the demand side, jewelry is clearly the greatest source of demand. Industrial demand has fluctuated between 8% and 14% of total demand over the past 10 years. Exchange traded product inventory build had seen strong growth through 2012, followed by outflows in 2013, 2014 and 2015 as the price of gold fell by a cumulative 30% between 2013 and 2015. Exchange traded product inventory build has been positive each year from 2016 to 2020. During the 2013 price crash, retail coin and bar demand rose to a 10-year high as retail investors, especially from China, were enticed by the falling prices. Retail coin and bar demand has since tapered off. Investor inflows into ETFs returned in 2016 amid heightened market uncertainty and continued to see 873 tonnes of inflows in 2020.
15
Historical Chart of the Price of Gold
The price of gold is volatile and fluctuations are expected to have a direct impact on the value of the Shares. However, movements in the price of gold in the past are not a reliable indicator of future movements. Movements may be influenced by various factors, including announcements from central banks regarding a country’s reserve gold holdings, agreements among central banks, political uncertainties around the world, and economic concerns.
The following chart illustrates the movements in the price of an ounce of gold in U.S. Dollars from December 31, 2010 to December 30, 2021:
Source: Bloomberg, abrdn. Data from 12/31/10 to 12/30/21. Spot Gold Price = GOLDLNPM Index
The gold price tends to rise during periods of low real interest rates and high monetary expansion, as they are often associated with currency debasement and systemic financial failures. The gold price peaked at US$1,943.2 per ounce in January 2021 as the uncertainties regarding the pandemic drove prices higher. 2021 proved to be a volatile year for gold as major market events and continued pandemic uncertainty, coupled with new variants, allowed gold to remain in the investment picture during the year. Additionally, the trends of 3 years of investor outflows in global ETFs and net negative investor sentiment in gold futures positioning reversed in 2016 and continued through 2021. Continued low real interest rates, tepid economic growth, and concerns regarding the recovery of the pandemic were key tailwinds for gold that sparked a return of investor interest.
16
The Silver Industry
Market Participants.
The participants in the world silver market may be classified in the following sectors: the mining and producer sector, the banking sector, the official sector, the investment sector, and the manufacturing sector. A brief description of each follows.
Mining and Producer Sector.
This group includes mining companies that specialize in silver and silver production, mining companies that produce silver as a by-product of other production (such as a copper or gold producer), scrap merchants and recyclers.
Banking Sector.
Bullion banks provide a variety of services to the silver market and its participants, thereby facilitating interactions between other parties. Services provided by the bullion banking community include traditional banking products as well as mine financing, physical silver purchases and sales, hedging and risk management, inventory management for industrial users and consumers and silver leasing.
The Official Sector.
There are no official statistics published by the International Monetary Fund, Bank of International Settlements, or national banks on silver holdings by national governments. The main reason for this is that silver is generally not recognized as a reserve asset. Consequently, there are very limited silver stocks held by governments. According to The Silver Institute’s World Silver Survey 2021, the identifiable silver bullion inventories are as follows:
| Identifiable Silver Bullion Inventories* | ||||||||||||||||
| Million ounces | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | Y/Y | ||||||||||||
| London Vaults | 1,137.7 | 1,162.2 | 1,080.5 | -7 | % | |||||||||||
| Comex | 293.9 | 317.2 | 396.5 | 25 | % | |||||||||||
| SGE | 68.5 | 108.2 | 130.0 | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| SHFE | 35.8 | 63.2 | 95.2 | 51 | % | |||||||||||
| Total | 1,535.9 | 1,650.8 | 1,702.3 | 3 | % | |||||||||||
| * Year-end; Source: Metals Focus, LBMA, Comex, SGE, SHFE | ||||||||||||||||
The Investment Sector.
This sector includes the investment and trading activities of both professional and private investors and speculators. These participants range from large hedge and mutual funds to day-traders on futures exchanges, and retail-level coin collectors.
The Manufacturing Sector.
The fabrication and manufacturing sector represents all the commercial and industrial users of silver. Industrial applications comprise the largest use of silver. The jewelry and silverware sector is the second largest, followed by the photographic industry (although the latter has been declining over a number of years as a result of the spread of digital photography).
17
World Silver Supply and Demand 2011-2020
The following table sets forth a summary of the world silver supply and demand for the period from 2011 to 2020 and is based on information reported by the World Silver Survey 2021, published by The Silver Institute.
| (in millions of ounces) | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supply | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mine Production | 758.3 | 791.7 | 823.3 | 867.8 | 895.1 | 888.6 | 852.1 | 855.7 | 836.5 | 784.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Government Sales | 12.0 | 7.4 | 7.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scrap | 261.2 | 253.8 | 191.0 | 165.4 | 141.1 | 139.7 | 138.1 | 151.3 | 169.9 | 182.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Hedging Supply | 12.2 | (47.1 | ) | (34.8 | ) | 16.8 | 7.8 | (18.9 | ) | 1.4 | (2.8 | ) | 15.7 | ) | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Supply | 1,043.8 | 1,005.8 | 987.4 | 1,050.0 | 1,044.0 | 1,009.4 | 991.6 | 1,004.2 | 1,022.1 | 976.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jewelry | 191.5 | 187.4 | 220.6 | 226.4 | 226.7 | 205.0 | 209.1 | 212.5 | 201.3 | 148.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coins & Bars | 212.7 | 159.7 | 241.1 | 234.1 | 292.1 | 207.8 | 151.1 | 181.2 | 186.1 | 200.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Silverware | 47.5 | 43.8 | 59.3 | 61.2 | 63.2 | 52.4 | 58.4 | 61.1 | 59.8 | 32.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial Fabrication | 661.5 | 600.1 | 604.6 | 596.3 | 583.2 | 576.8 | 599.0 | 578.6 | 510.9 | 486.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical & Electronics | 290.8 | 266.7 | 266.0 | 263.9 | 246.0 | 233.9 | 242.9 | 248.5 | 230.0 | 304.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazing Alloys & Solders | 63.2 | 61.1 | 63.7 | 66.7 | 61.5 | 55.3 | 57.5 | 58.0 | 50.0 | 44.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Photography | 61.2 | 54.2 | 50.5 | 48.5 | 46.6 | 45.2 | 44.0 | 39.3 | 33.7 | 27.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Photovoltaic | 75.8 | 58.2 | 55.9 | 51.8 | 59.2 | 79.3 | 94.1 | 80.5 | 98.7 | 101.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethylene Oxide | 6.2 | 4.7 | 7.7 | 5.0 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Industrial | 164.2 | 155.1 | 160.8 | 160.6 | 159.8 | 152.9 | 153.7 | 146.9 | 94.5 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ETP Inventory Build | (24.0 | ) | 55.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | (17.8 | ) | 49.8 | 2.4 | (20.3 | ) | 81.7 | 331.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange Inventory Build | 12.2 | 62.2 | 8.8 | (5.3 | ) | 12.6 | 79.8 | 6.8 | 71.2 | 10.0 | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Demand | 1,101.4 | 1,108.5 | 1,136.9 | 1,114.1 | 1,160.0 | 1,171.6 | 1,026.8 | 1,084.3 | 1,049.8 | 1,206.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Balance | (57.5 | ) | (102.6 | ) | (149.5 | ) | (64.0 | ) | (116.1 | ) | (162.1 | ) | (35.2 | ) | (80.1 | ) | (27.8 | ) | (230.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Source: The Silver Institute - World Silver Survey 2021
The following are some of the main characteristics of the silver market illustrated by the table.
Like gold, silver has also been used as a currency in the past. However, the main difference between gold and silver is that while approximately half of gold demand is used for jewelry, approximately half of silver fabrication demand is used for industrial applications.
New mine production accounts for approximately 80% of total silver supply. Recycled silver accounts for around 18.5% of total supply.
Industrial applications and jewelry demand accounted for over 52% of total demand in 2020. Photography has been taking a lower share of overall silver demand falling from 6% in 2010 to 2% in 2020, while photovoltaic demand has risen in recent years accounting for 9% in 2020. Investment in ETP’s rose significantly in 2020 and represented 28% of demand in 2020.
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Historical chart of the price of Silver
The price of silver is volatile and fluctuations are expected to have a direct impact on the value of the Shares. However, movements in the price of silver in the past are not a reliable indicator of future movements. Movements may be influenced by various factors, including announcements from central banks regarding a country’s reserve silver holdings, agreements among central banks, political uncertainties around the world, and economic concerns. The following chart illustrates the movements in the price of an ounce of silver in dollars from December 31, 2010 to December 30, 2021 and is based on information provided by Bloomberg:
Source: Bloomberg, abrdn. Data from 12/31/10 to 12/30/21. Spot Silver = SLVRLND Index
Starting in early 2011, when prices peaked at $48.44 per ounce, silver prices began a downward trend, albeit with multiple upwards rallies (that have often lasted several months). The rise in the value of the U.S. Dollar, sluggish industrial growth and a tame inflation environment (which led some investors to revise their expectations of the effects of monetary expansion) were some of the drivers behind the fall in silver prices from 2011 to 2019. Silver reversed course in 2020, as prices rose 46.75%, closing at $26.49 per ounce, making it the top performer of the four metals (gold, silver, platinum, palladium). In 2021, silver took a slight step back after its historic performance in 2020 as it returned -14% (as of December 30, 2021). As the world emerged out of the pandemic, silver took a backseat to riskier asset classes such as equities which is a reason for its negative performance during the year.
Platinum Group Metals
Platinum and palladium are the two best known metals of the six platinum group metals (“PGMs”). Platinum and palladium have the greatest economic importance and are found in the largest quantities. The other four—iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium—are produced only as co-products of platinum and palladium.
PGMs are found primarily in South Africa and Russia. South Africa is the world’s leading platinum producer and one of the largest palladium producers. Russia is the largest producer of palladium and most production is concentrated in the Norilsk region. All of South Africa’s production is sourced from the Bushveld Igneous Complex, which hosts the world’s largest resource of PGMs. Together, South Africa and Russia accounted for over 82% of platinum supply in 2020 and 78% of palladium supply in 2020.
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World Platinum Supply and Demand 2011-2020
The following table sets forth a summary of the world platinum supply and demand from 2011 to 2020 and is based on information prepared for World Platinum Investment Council by Metals Focus Limited (2019 onwards) and prior years by SFA (Oxford).
| (thousands of ounces) | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Supply | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| South Africa | 4,860 | 4,110 | 4,208 | 3,547 | 4,572 | 4,392 | 4,459 | 4,467 | 4,402 | 3,298 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Russia | 835 | 801 | 736 | 700 | 670 | 717 | 692 | 687 | 716 | 704 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Others | 790 | 769 | 891 | 896 | 865 | 988 | 961 | 959 | 979 | 987 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Supply | 6,485 | 5,680 | 5,835 | 5,143 | 6,107 | 6,097 | 6,112 | 6,113 | 6,097 | 4,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand by Application | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Autocatalyst | 3,185 | 3,158 | 3,000 | 3,103 | 3,228 | 3,330 | 3,292 | 3,051 | 2,885 | 2,365 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical | 470 | 452 | 528 | 523 | 502 | 475 | 504 | 540 | 698 | 585 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical | 230 | 176 | 218 | 225 | 228 | 230 | 234 | 266 | 145 | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Glass | 515 | 153 | 100 | 212 | 227 | 246 | 364 | 478 | 224 | 423 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment | 460 | 450 | 871 | 277 | 451 | 620 | 356 | 67 | 1,253 | 1,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Jewelry | 2,475 | 2,783 | 3,028 | 2,897 | 2,746 | 2,412 | 2,296 | 2,269 | 2,100 | 1,820 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical & Biomedical | 230 | 223 | 214 | 214 | 215 | 218 | 220 | 221 | 249 | 239 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Petroleum | 210 | 112 | 159 | 165 | 140 | 176 | 220 | 372 | 219 | 109 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 320 | 395 | 433 | 438 | 441 | 458 | 476 | 582 | 577 | 501 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Gross Demand | 8,095 | 7,902 | 8,551 | 8,054 | 8,178 | 8,165 | 7,962 | 7,846 | 8,350 | 7,726 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Recycling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Autocatalyst | -1,240 | -1,120 | -1,206 | -1,272 | -1,112 | -1,159 | -1,279 | -1,338 | -1,630 | -1,438 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Jewelry | -810 | -895 | -790 | -762 | -574 | -738 | -638 | -36 | -477 | -422 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | -10 | -22 | -24 | -27 | -29 | -32 | -34 | -731 | -58 | -56 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Recycling | -2,060 | -2,037 | -2,020 | -2,061 | -1,715 | -1,929 | -1,951 | -2,105 | -2,165 | -1,916 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Net Demand | 6,035 | 5,865 | 6,531 | 5,993 | 6,463 | 6,236 | 6,011 | 5,741 | 6,185 | 5,810 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Movements in Stocks | 450 | -185 | -696 | -850 | -356 | -139 | 101 | 372 | -88 | -904 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Prepared for World Platinum Investment Council by Metals Focus Limited (2019 onwards) and prior years by SFA (Oxford).
The following are some of the main characteristics of the platinum market illustrated by the table:
The main supplier of platinum is South Africa, providing over 67% of total mine supply in 2020. Russia is the second largest supplier of platinum. Its share of world mine production has averaged around 12.3% of total mine supply over the past ten years. Scrap supply from recycling of autocatalyst and other sources have accounted for about 25% from 2016 to 2020, on average.
Over the past decade, jewelry demand for platinum peaked at 36% of total demand in 2014. Jewelry demand has since declined to 24% of total demand in 2020, consistent with the year prior. Autocatalyst demand for platinum accounted for around 31% of total demand at the end of 2020. Investment demand increased again to 20% of total demand in 2020, above the 15% of total demand in 2019.
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Historical Chart of the Price of Platinum
The price of platinum is volatile and fluctuations are expected to have a direct impact on the value of the Shares. However, movements in the price of platinum in the past are not a reliable indicator of future movements. The following chart illustrates the movements in the price of an ounce of platinum in U.S. Dollars from December 31, 2010 to December 30, 2021 and is based on information provided by Bloomberg:
Source: Bloomberg, abrdn. Data from 12/31/10 to 12/30/21. Spot Platinum = PLTMLNPM Index
Platinum prices had been on the rise until the Japanese earthquake in early 2011, coupled with the unfolding of the European financial crisis with Portugal being bailed out, weighed on platinum performance in the second half of 2011. Platinum prices dropped by 26% in the six months to December 2011, from a high of $1,840 per troy ounce in June to a low of $1,369 per troy ounce in December 2011. Continued weakness in the European auto market weighed on platinum performance since then, with prices only partially recovering from 2011 lows. In 2012, platinum prices rose on the back of supply disruptions in South Africa, which accounts for over 80% of the world’s supply of platinum. A strike at one of South Africa’s biggest platinum mines caused the price of platinum to rise from $1,387 to $1,709 per ounce in August 2012. At the beginning of 2013, Anglo American Platinum, the world’s biggest producer of the metal, announced its intention to close four mine shafts and its consideration of selling another mine complex as part of a radical overhaul of its South African operations. This statement prompted a strong reaction on platinum prices, which rose from $1,656 to $1,736 per ounce in the days following the announcement, on fears of a further tightening in platinum supply. However, platinum’s correlation to gold weighed on platinum prices in 2013 overall. Prolonged strikes at South African mines in 2014 led to the deepest supply deficit in platinum since 1975 (the earliest date we have supply and demand data). However, that failed to arrest the price slide which saw prices fall 11% in 2014, highlighting the extent of negative sentiment towards industrially-exposed precious metals. Despite autocatalyst demand for platinum increasing in 2015, tightening nitrogen oxide emission standards have led to pessimism about the future demand for platinum-heavy diesel autocatalysts relative to palladium-heavy gasoline autocatalysts. Further pessimistic outlook for South Africa’s economy and its currency the South African Rand weighed on platinum prices throughout 2017, and platinum continued to fall in 2018 driven by lackluster investor sentiment, a stronger US dollar, weaker diesel demand and rising mine supply. Platinum prices bounced back, rising 19.9% to $952 per ounce at the end of 2019. After seeing the price fall as low as $593 per ounce on March 19, 2020, platinum rebounded from pandemic lows and finished the year at $1,068 per ounce. The steep climb in palladium price has led some investors to conclude that platinum appears under-valued, in view of its potential to substitute for palladium in automotive applications in the future. Additionally, the outlook for mining in South Africa is increasingly uncertain, with producers facing steep increases in electricity prices, periodic disruption to power supplies and a risk of industrial action during forthcoming wage negotiations. Similarly to other precious metals, platinum took a back seat to risky assets during 2021 as it returned -10% (as of December 30, 2021). The autocatalyst market took a major step back in 2020, largely related to the pandemic, which was a major reason for the negative price performance in 2021.
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Palladium
World Palladium Supply and Demand 2011-2020
The following table sets forth a summary of the world palladium supply and demand for the period from 2011 to 2020 and is based on information reported by SFA (Oxford).
| (thousands of ounces) | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |||||||||||
| Supply | |||||||||||||||||||||
| South Africa | 2,560 | 2,359 | 2,465 | 2,125 | 2,684 | 2,570 | 2,554 | 2,543 | 2,648 | 1,845 | |||||||||||
| Russia | 3,480 | 2,887 | 2,628 | 2,589 | 2,434 | 2,773 | 2,407 | 2,976 | 2,802 | 2,810 | |||||||||||
| Others | 1,320 | 1,239 | 1,305 | 1,389 | 1,337 | 1,417 | 1,410 | 1,458 | 1,444 | 1,740 | |||||||||||
| Total Supply | 7,360 | 6,485 | 6,398 | 6,103 | 6,455 | 6,760 | 6,371 | 6,977 | 6,894 | 6,395 | |||||||||||
| Demand by Application | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Autocatalyst | 6,155 | 6,673 | 7,061 | 7,512 | 7,622 | 7,941 | 8,391 | 8,721 | 9,677 | 7,360 | |||||||||||
| Chemical | 440 | 524 | 440 | 358 | 451 | 414 | 529 | 565 | 511 | 600 | |||||||||||
| Dental | 540 | 510 | 457 | 468 | 468 | 430 | 398 | 364 | 323 | 200 | |||||||||||
| Electrical | 1,375 | 1,190 | 1,070 | 1,014 | 903 | 871 | 840 | 807 | 728 | 695 | |||||||||||
| Investment | -565 | 467 | -8 | 943 | -659 | -646 | -386 | -574 | -57 | 40 | |||||||||||
| Jewelry | 505 | 442 | 354 | 272 | 222 | 191 | 173 | 157 | 140 | 150 | |||||||||||
| Other | 110 | 104 | 109 | 111 | 134 | 151 | 134 | 182 | 180 | 125 | |||||||||||
| Total Gross Demand | 8,560 | 9,910 | 9,483 | 10,678 | 9,141 | 9,352 | 10,079 | 10,222 | 11,502 | 9,170 | |||||||||||
| Recycling | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Autocatalyst | -1,695 | -1,675 | -1,905 | -2,158 | -1,897 | -2,001 | -2,404 | -2,633 | -2,932 | -2,010 | |||||||||||
| Other | -690 | -637 | -620 | -563 | -521 | -502 | -503 | -491 | -484 | -385 | |||||||||||
| Total Recycling | -2,385 | -2,312 | -2,525 | -2,721 | -2,418 | -2,503 | -2,907 | -3,124 | -3,416 | -2,395 | |||||||||||
| Total Net Demand | 6,175 | 7,598 | 6,958 | 7,957 | 6,723 | 6,849 | 7,172 | 7,098 | 8,086 | 6,775 | |||||||||||
| Movements in stocks | 1,185 | -1,113 | -560 | -1,854 | -268 | -89 | -801 | -121 | -1,192 | -30 | |||||||||||
Source: SFA (Oxford), Palladium supply & demand –2021
The following are some of the main characteristics of the palladium market illustrated by the table:
Russia has traditionally been the largest producer of palladium, providing on average 40% of supply over the past 10 years. South Africa has, on average, supplied approximately 33% of production over the past 10 years. In 2020, Russia provided 44% of mine supplies, while South Africa produced 29%. North America contributes approximately 15% of mine supply in 2020. Autocatalysts continue to be the largest component of palladium demand, representing more than 80% of total gross demand in 2020, down slightly from 84% of total demand in 2019. Jewelry demand for palladium contributed 1.7% of total demand in 2020, up from 1.0% in 2019. Other industrial demand (chemical, dental and electrical) has fallen from 24% of total demand in 2010 to 16% of total demand in 2020.
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Historical Chart of the Price of Palladium
The price of palladium is volatile and fluctuations are expected to have a direct impact on the value of the Shares. However, movements in the price of palladium in the past are not a reliable indicator of future movements. The following chart illustrates the movements in the price of an ounce of palladium in U.S. Dollars from December 31, 2010 to December 30, 2021and is based on information provided by Bloomberg:
Source: Bloomberg, abrdn. Data from 12/31/2010 to 12/30/21. Spot Palladium = PLDMLNPM Index
Rising palladium prices tempered in 2011, but concerns over supply shortages due to labor problems at mines in South Africa and dwindling Russian stocks provided some price support into mid-2012. Palladium rose to a 13 year high of $907 per ounce in September 2014, a 27% increase from the start of the year. The rally was driven by supply side concerns following the longest strike in South African mining history and escalating tensions between Russia and Ukraine. The strong rally in 2014 was completely unwound in 2015, when South African mine supply resumed back to pre-strike levels and pessimism about industrial demand in China overwhelmed the true tightness in the market. Palladium was then the top performer of the precious metals complex for 3 consecutive years from 2017 to 2019, where it rose nearly 182% from $676 per troy ounce on December 31, 2016 to $1,905 per troy ounce on December 31, 2019. The price of palladium reached an all-time high of $2,781/oz on February 19, 2020, before closing out the year at a price of $2,342/oz on December 31, 2020. The deficit in the palladium market looks set to widen dramatically, with stricter emissions legislation forecast to trigger a steep change in demand from Chinese automakers. Similarly to other precious metals, palladium took a step back in 2021 as it returned -16% (as of December 30, 2021). A decline in autocatalyst demand due to the pandemic was a big reason for the negative performance seen during the year.
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OPERATION OF THE BULLION MARKETS
The global trade in Bullion consists of Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) transactions in spot, forwards, and options and other derivatives, together with exchange-traded futures and options.
Global Over-The-Counter Market
The OTC market trades on a 24-hour per day continuous basis and accounts for most global Bullion trading.
Market makers, as well as others in the OTC market, trade with each other and with their clients on a principal-to-principal basis. All risks and issues of credit are between the parties directly involved in the transaction.
For gold and silver, market makers include the market-making members of the London Bullion Market Association (“LBMA”), the trade association that acts as the coordinator for activities conducted on behalf of its members and other participants in the London bullion market. The twelve market-making members of the LBMA are: BNP Paribas, Citibank N.A., HSBC, Goldman Sachs International, ICBC Standard Bank Plc, JPMorgan Chase Bank, Credit Suisse AG Zurich, Merrill Lynch International, Morgan Stanley & Co. International Ltd., Standard Chartered Bank, Toronto-Dominion Bank and UBS AG.
For platinum and palladium, five member participants of the London Platinum and Palladium Market (“LPPM”), the trade association that acts as the coordinator for activities conducted on behalf of its members and other participants in the LPPM, are currently participating in the London Metal Exchange Fix (“LME Fix”). The OTC market provides a relatively flexible market in terms of quotes, price, size, destinations for delivery and other factors. Bullion dealers customize transactions to meet clients’ requirements. The OTC market has no formal structure and no open-outcry meeting place.
The main centers of the OTC market are London, Zurich and New York for gold and silver and London, New York, Hong Kong and Zurich for platinum and palladium. Mining companies, central banks, manufacturers of jewelry and industrial products, together with investors and speculators, tend to transact their business through one of these market centers. Centers such as Dubai and several cities in the Far East also transact substantial OTC market business, typically involving jewelry and small bars of gold or silver and small plates or ingots of platinum or palladium (1 kilogram or less) and will hedge their exposure by selling into one of these main OTC centers. Precious metals dealers have offices around the world and most of the world’s major bullion dealers are either members or associate members of the LBMA and/or the LPPM.
In the OTC market for gold, the standard size of trades between market makers ranges between 5,000 and 10,000 ounces. Bid-offer spreads are typically 50 US cents per ounce. Certain dealers are willing to offer clients competitive prices for much larger volumes, including trades over 100,000 ounces, although this will vary according to the dealer, the client and market conditions, as transaction costs in the OTC market are negotiable between the parties and therefore vary widely. Cost indicators can be obtained from various information service providers as well as dealers.
In the OTC market for silver, the standard size of trades between market makers is 100,000 ounces.
In the OTC market for platinum and palladium, the standard size of trades between market makers is 1,000 ounces.
Liquidity in the OTC market can vary from time to time during the course of the 24-hour trading day. Fluctuations in liquidity are reflected in adjustments to dealing spreads—the differential between a dealer’s “buy” and “sell” prices. The period of greatest liquidity in the Bullion markets generally occurs at the time of day when trading in the European time zones overlaps with trading in the United States, which is when OTC market trading in London, New York, Zurich and other centers coincides with futures and options trading on the Commodity Exchange, Inc. (“COMEX”), a designated contract market within the CME Group. This period lasts for approximately four hours each New York business day morning.
The Gold Bullion Market
The London Gold Bullion Market
Although the market for physical gold is distributed globally, most OTC market trades are cleared through London. In addition to coordinating market activities, the LBMA acts as the principal point of contact between the market and its regulators. A primary function of the LBMA is its involvement in the promotion of refining standards by maintenance of the “Good Delivery List,” which is the list of LBMA accredited refiners of gold. The LBMA also coordinates market clearing and vaulting, promotes good trading practices and develops standard documentation.
The terms “loco London” gold and “loco Zurich” gold refer to gold physically held in London and Zurich, respectively, that meets the specifications for weight, dimensions, fineness (or purity), identifying marks (including the assay stamp of a LBMA acceptable refiner) and appearance set forth in “The Good Delivery Rules for Gold and Silver Bars” published by the LBMA. Gold bars meeting these requirements are described in this prospectus from time to time as “London Good Delivery Bars.” The unit of trade in London is the troy ounce, whose gram conversion is: 1,000 grams equals 32.1507465 troy ounces and 1 troy ounce equals 31.1034768 grams. A London Good Delivery Bar is acceptable for delivery in settlement of a transaction on the OTC market. Typically referred to as 400-ounce bars, a London Good Delivery Bar must contain between 350 and 430 fine troy ounces of gold, with a minimum fineness (or purity) of 995 parts per 1,000 (99.5%), be of good appearance and be easy to handle and stack. The fine gold content of a gold bar is calculated by multiplying the gross weight of the bar (expressed in units of 0.025 troy ounces) by the fineness of the bar. A London Good Delivery Bar must also bear the stamp of one of the refiners who are on the LBMA approved list. Unless otherwise specified, the gold spot price always refers to that of a London Good Delivery Bar. Business is generally conducted over the phone and through electronic dealing systems.
24
On March 20, 2015, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”) began administering the operation of an “equilibrium auction,” which is an electronic, tradable and auditable, over-the-counter auction market with the ability to settle trades in US Dollars (“USD”), Euros or British Pounds for LBMA-authorized participating gold bullion banks or market makers (“gold participants”) that establishes a reference gold price for that day’s trading. IBA’s equilibrium auction is the gold valuation replacement selected by the LBMA for the London gold fix previously determined by the London Gold Market Fixing Ltd. that was discontinued on March 19, 2015. IBA’s equilibrium auction, like the previous gold fixing process, establishes and publishes fixed prices for troy ounces of gold twice each London trading day during fixing sessions beginning at 10:30 a.m. London time (the “LBMA AM Gold Price”) and 3:00 p.m. London time (the “LBMA PM Gold Price”).
Daily during London trading hours the LBMA AM Gold Price and the LBMA PM Gold Price each provide reference gold prices for that day’s trading. Many long-term contracts will be priced on either the basis of the LBMA AM Gold Price or the LBMA PM Gold Price, and market participants will usually refer to one or the other of these prices when looking for a basis for valuations. The LBMA AM Gold Price and the LBMA PM Gold Price, determined according to the methodologies of IBA and disseminated electronically by IBA to selected major market data vendors, such as Refinitiv and Bloomberg, are widely used benchmarks for daily gold prices and are quoted by various financial information sources as the London gold fix was previously. The Trust values its gold on the basis of the LBMA PM Gold Price.
The LBMA PM Gold Price is the result of an “equilibrium auction” because it establishes a price for a troy ounce of gold that clears the maximum amount of bids and offers for gold entered by order-submitting gold participants each day. The opening bid and subsequent bid prices are generated by an algorithm based method, and each auction is actively supervised by IBA staff. There are currently sixteen direct gold participants (Bank of China, Bank of Communications, Citibank N.A. London Branch, Coins ‘N Things Inc., DRW Investments, LLC, Goldman Sachs, HSBC Bank USA NA, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Jane Street Global Trading, LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. London Branch, Koch Supply and Trading LP, Marex, Morgan Stanley, Standard Chartered Bank, StoneX Financial Ltd. and Toronto-Dominion Bank), and IBA uses ICE’s front-end system, WebICE, as the technology platform that allows direct participants as well as sponsored clients to manage their orders in the auction in real time via their own screens.
The IBA auction process begins with a notice of an auction round issued to gold participants before the commencement of the auction round stating a gold price in U.S. Dollars, at which the auction round will be conducted. An auction round lasts 30 seconds. Gold participants electronically place bid and offer orders at the round’s stated price and indicate whether the orders are for their own account or for the account of clients. Aggregate bid and offer volume will be shown live on WebICE, providing a level playing field for all participants.
At the end of the auction round, the IBA system evaluates the equilibrium of the bid and offer orders submitted. If bid and offer orders indicate an imbalance outside of acceptable tolerances established for the IBA system (normally 10,000 oz) (e.g., too many purchase orders submitted compared to sell orders or vice versa), the auction chairman calculates a new auction round price principally based on the volume weighting of bid and offer orders submitted in the immediately completed auction round. For instance, if the order imbalance indicates that purchase orders (bids) outweigh sales orders (offers) then a new auction round price will be issued that will be increased over that used in the prior auction round. Likewise, the new auction round price will be decreased from the prior round’s price if offers outweigh bids. To clear the imbalance, the IBA system then issues another notice of auction round to gold participants at the newly calculated price. During this next 30 second auction round, gold participants again submit orders, and after it ends, the IBA system evaluates for order imbalances. If order imbalances persist, a new auction price is calculated and a further auction round will occur. This auction round process continues until an equilibrium within specified tolerances is determined to exist. Once the IBA system determines that orders are in equilibrium within system tolerances, the auction process ends and the equilibrium auction round price becomes the LBMA PM Gold Price.
The LBMA PM Gold Price and all bid and offer order information for all auction rounds become publicly available electronically via IBA instantly after the conclusion of the equilibrium auction. Since April 1, 2015, the LBMA Gold Price has been regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in the United Kingdom (“UK”). IBA also has an Oversight Committee, made up of market participants, industry bodies, direct participant representatives, infrastructure providers and IBA. The Oversight Committee allows the LBMA to continue to have significant involvement in the oversight of the auction process, including, among other matters, changes to the methodology and accreditation of direct participants. Additionally, IBA watches over the price discovery process for the LBMA Gold Price and ensures that it meets the International Organization of Securities Commission’s (IOSCO) Principles for Financial Benchmarks (the “IOSCO Principles”).
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The LBMA PM Gold Price is widely viewed as a full and fair representation of all or material market interest at the conclusion of the equilibrium auction. IBA’s LBMA PM Gold Price electronic auction methodology is similar to the non-electronic process previously used to establish the London gold fix where the London gold fix process adjusted the gold price up or down until all the buy and sell orders are matched, at which time the price was declared fixed. Nevertheless, the LBMA PM Gold Price has several advantages over the previous London gold fix. The LBMA PM Gold Price auction process is fully transparent in real time to the gold participants and, at the close of each equilibrium auction, to the general public.
The LBMA PM Gold Price auction process is also fully auditable by third parties since an audit trail exists from the time of each notice of an auction round. Moreover, the LBMA PM Gold Price’s audit trail and active, real time surveillance of the auction process by IBA as well as FCA’s oversight of IBA, deters manipulative and abusive conduct in establishing each day’s LBMA PM Gold Price.
Since March 20, 2015, the Sponsor determined that the London gold fix, which ceased to be published as of March 19, 2015, could no longer serve as a basis for valuing gold bullion received upon purchase of the Trust’s Shares, delivered upon redemption of the Trust’s Shares and otherwise held by the Trust on a daily basis, and that the LBMA PM Gold Price is an appropriate alternative for determining the value of the Trust’s gold each trading day. The Sponsor also determined that the LBMA PM Gold Price fairly represents the commercial value of gold bullion held by the Trust and the “Benchmark Price” (as defined in Trust Agreement) as of any day is the LBMA PM Gold Price for such day.
The Zurich Gold Bullion Market
After London, the second principal center for spot or physical gold trading is Zurich. For eight hours a day, trading occurs simultaneously in London and Zurich—with Zurich normally opening and closing an hour earlier than London. During these hours, Zurich closely rivals London in its influence over the spot price because of the importance of the three major Swiss banks—Credit Suisse, Swiss Bank Corporation, and Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS)—in the physical gold market. Each of these banks has long maintained its own refinery, often taking physical delivery of gold and processing it for other regional markets. The loco Zurich bullion specification is the same as for the London bullion market, which allows for gold physically located in Zurich to be quoted loco London and vice versa.
Futures Exchanges
The most significant gold futures exchanges are the COMEX, a designated contract market within the CME Group., and the Tokyo Commodity Exchange (“TOCOM”). The COMEX is the largest exchange in the world for trading precious metals futures and options and has been trading gold since 1974. The TOCOM has been trading gold since 1982. Trading on these exchanges is based on fixed delivery dates and transaction sizes for the futures and options contracts traded. Trading costs are negotiable. As a matter of practice, only a small percentage of the futures market turnover ever comes to physical delivery of the gold represented by the contracts traded. Both exchanges permit trading on margin. Margin trading can add to the speculative risk involved given the potential for margin calls if the price moves against the contract holder. The COMEX trades gold futures almost continuously (with one short break in the evening) through its CME Globex electronic trading system and clears through its central clearing system. On June 6, 2003, TOCOM adopted a similar clearing system. In each case, the exchange acts as a counterparty for each member for clearing purposes.
Other Exchanges
There are other gold exchange markets, such as the Istanbul Gold Exchange (trading gold since 1995), the Shanghai Gold Exchange (trading gold since 2002), the Hong Kong Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society (trading gold since 1918) and the Singapore Mercantile Exchange (trading gold since 2010).
The Silver Market
The London Silver Bullion Market
Although the market for physical silver is distributed globally, most OTC market trades are cleared through London. In addition to coordinating market activities, the LBMA acts as the principal point of contact between the market and its regulators. A primary function of the LBMA is its involvement in the promotion of refining standards by maintenance of the “Good Delivery List,” which is the list of LBMA accredited refiners of silver. The LBMA also coordinates market clearing and vaulting, promotes good trading practices and develops standard documentation.
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The term “loco London” silver refers to silver physically held in London that meets the specifications for weight, dimensions, fineness (or purity), identifying marks (including the assay stamp of a LBMA acceptable refiner) and appearance set forth in “The Good Delivery Rules for Gold and Silver Bars” published by the LBMA. Silver bars meeting these requirements are described in this prospectus from time to time as “Silver Good Delivery Bars.” The unit of trade in London is the troy ounce, whose conversion between grams is: 1,000 grams equals 32.1507465 troy ounces and 1 troy ounce equals 31.1034768 grams. A Silver Good Delivery Bar is acceptable for delivery in settlement of a transaction on the OTC market. A Silver Good Delivery Bar must contain between 750 troy ounces and 1,100 troy ounces of silver with a minimum fineness (or purity) of 999.0 parts per 1,000. A Silver Good Delivery Bar must also bear the stamp of one of the refiners who are on the LBMA-approved list. Unless otherwise specified, the silver spot price always refers to that of a Silver Good Delivery Bar. Business is generally conducted over the phone and through electronic dealing systems.
On July 14, 2017, the LBMA announced that ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”) had been selected to be the third-party administrator for the “LBMA Silver Price”. Effective from October 2, 2017, IBA is providing the auction platform and methodology as well as the overall administration and governance for the LBMA Silver Price benchmark. IBA operates an “equilibrium auction”, which is an electronic, tradable and auditable, over-the-counter auction for LBMA-authorized participating silver bullion banks or market makers and sponsored clients of direct participants (“silver participants”) that establishes a reference silver price for that day’s trading, often referred to as the “LBMA Silver Price”. The LBMA Silver Price equilibrium auction operated by CME Group Inc. and Refinitiv prior to October 2, 2017 was selected by the LBMA as the silver valuation replacement for the London silver fix previously determined by the London Silver Market Fixing Ltd. that was discontinued on August 14, 2014. The LBMA Silver Price has become a widely used benchmark for daily silver prices and is quoted by various financial information sources as the London silver fix was previously.
The LBMA Silver Price is the result of an “equilibrium auction” because it establishes a price for a troy ounce of Silver Good Delivery Bars that clears the maximum amount of bids and offers for silver entered by order-submitting silver participants each day. IBA uses ICE’s front-end system, WebICE, as the technology platform that allows direct participants, as well as sponsored clients of direct participants, to manage their orders in the auction in real time via their own desktops. As the IBA electronic silver auction market develops, IBA expects to admit additional silver participants to the order submission process. The benchmark is published when the auction finishes, typically a few minutes after 12:00 noon (London time).
At the opening of each auction, IBA in the role of auction chairman (“Chairman”) announces an opening price (in U.S. Dollars), that takes into account current market conditions and begins auction rounds, with an expected duration of at least 30 seconds each. During each auction round, participants may enter the volume they wish to buy or sell at that price, and such orders will be part of the price formation. Aggregate bid and offer volume is shown live on WebICE. At the end of each auction round, the total net volume is calculated. If this “imbalance” is larger than the imbalance tolerance (normally 500,000 oz.) then the Chairman sets a new price (based on the current market conditions, and the direction and magnitude of the imbalance in the round) and begins a new auction round. If the imbalance is less than the tolerance, then the auction is complete with all volume tradeable at that price. The price is then set in U.S. Dollars and also converted into other currencies, including Australian Dollars, British Pounds, Canadian Dollars, Euros, Onshore and Offshore Yuan, Indian Rupees, Japanese Yen, Malaysian Ringgit, Russian Rubles, Singapore Dollars, South African Rand, Swiss Francs, New Taiwan Dollars, Thai Baht and Turkish Lira. The auction is run at 12:00 noon (London time).
During the auction, the price at the start of each round, and the volumes at the end of each round are available through major market data vendors. As soon as the auction finishes, the final prices and volumes are available through major market data vendors. IBA also publishes transparency reports, detailing the prices, volumes and times for each round of the auction. These transparency reports are available through major market data vendors and IBA when the auction finishes. The process can also be observed real-time through a WebICE screen. The auction mechanism provides a complete audit trail.
There are currently thirteen direct participants who have been accredited to contribute to the LBMA Silver Price: Citibank N.A. London Branch, Coins ‘N Things Inc., DRW Investments, LLC; Goldman Sachs, HSBC Bank USA NA, Jane Street Global Trading LLC, JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A London Branch, Koch Supply and Trading LP, Marex, Morgan Stanley, Standard Chartered Bank, StoneX Financial Ltd and The Toronto Dominion Bank.
Since April 1, 2015, the LBMA Silver Price has been regulated by the FCA in the UK. IBA is authorized as a regulated benchmark administrator by the FCA. Under the UK benchmark regulation, the governance structure for a regulated benchmark must include an Oversight Committee, made up of market participants, industry bodies, direct participant representatives, infrastructure providers and the administrator (i.e., IBA). Through the Oversight Committee the LBMA continues to have significant involvement in the oversight of the auction process, including, among other matters, changes to the methodology and accreditation of direct participants. The price discovery process for the LBMA Silver Price is subject to surveillance by IBA. IBA has been formally assessed against the IOSCO Principles. In order to meet the IOSCO Principles, the price discovery used for the LBMA Silver Price benchmark is auditable and transparent.
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The LBMA Silver Price is viewed as a full and fair representation of all market interest at the conclusion of the auction. IBA’s auction process is similar to CME Group’s auction process, which in turn was similar to the non-electronic process previously used to establish the London silver fix where the London silver fix process adjusted the silver price up or down until all the buy and sell orders are matched, at which time the price was declared fixed. Nevertheless, the LBMA Silver Price has several advantages over the previous London silver fix. IBA’s auction process is fully transparent in real-time to direct participants and sponsored clients and, at the close of each auction, to the general public. IBA’s auction process is also fully auditable since an audit trail exists for every change made in the process. Moreover, the audit trail and active surveillance of the auction process by IBA, as well as the FCA’s oversight of IBA, deters manipulative and abusive conduct in establishing each day’s LBMA Silver Price.
Since August 15, 2014, the Sponsor determined that the London silver fix, which ceased to be published as of that date, would be an inappropriate basis for valuing silver bullion received upon purchase of the Trust’s Shares, delivered upon redemption of the Trust’s Shares and otherwise held by the Trust on a daily basis, and that the LBMA Silver Price is an appropriate alternative for determining the value of the Trust’s silver each trading day. The Sponsor also determined that the LBMA Silver Price fairly represents the commercial value of silver bullion held by the Trust and that the “Benchmark Price” (as defined in the Trust Agreement) as of any day is the LBMA Silver Price for such day.
Futures Exchanges
The most significant silver futures exchanges are the COMEX and the TOCOM. Futures exchanges seek to provide a neutral, regulated marketplace for the trading of derivatives contracts for commodities. Futures contracts are defined by the exchange for each commodity. For each commodity traded, this contract specifies the precise quality and quantity standards. The contract’s terms and conditions also define the location and timing of physical delivery.
An exchange does not buy or sell those contracts, but seeks to offer a transparent forum where members, on their own behalf or on the behalf of customers, can trade the contracts in a safe, efficient and orderly manner. During regular trading hours at the COMEX, the commodity contracts are traded on CME Globex system, an electronic auction in which all bids, offers and trades must be publicly announced to all members and, upon execution, centrally cleared. Electronic trading is offered by the exchange almost 24 hours a day (except for a short break in the evening), six days a week.
In addition to the public nature of the pricing, futures exchanges in the United States are regulated at two levels: internal and external governmental supervision. The internal is performed through self-regulation and consists of regular monitoring of the following: the central algorithmic matching process to ensure that it is conducted in conformance with all exchange rules; the orderly trading and settlement of futures and options; the financial condition of all exchange member firms to ensure that they continuously meet financial commitments; and the volume positions of commercial and non-commercial customers to ensure that physical delivery and other commercial commitments can be met, and that pricing is not being improperly affected by the size of any particular customer positions. External governmental oversight is performed by the CFTC, which reviews all the rules and regulations of United States futures exchanges and clearing houses and monitors their enforcement.
The Platinum Market
The Zurich and London Platinum Bullion Market
Although the market for physical platinum is distributed globally, most platinum is stored and most OTC market trades are cleared through Zurich. As of September 1, 2009, London also serves as a center for the clearing of OTC trades in platinum. In addition to coordinating market activities, the LPPM acts as the principal point of contact between the market and its regulators. A primary function of the LPPM is its involvement in the promotion of refining standards by maintenance of the “London/Zurich Good Delivery Lists,” which are the lists of LPPM accredited refiners of platinum. The LPPM also coordinates market clearing and vaulting, promotes good trading practices and develops standard documentation.
Platinum is traded generally on a “loco Zurich” basis, meaning the precious metal is physically held in vaults in Zurich or is transferred into accounts established in Zurich. As of September 1, 2009, platinum began trading on a “loco London” basis as well, meaning the precious metal is physically held in vaults in London or is transferred into accounts established in London. The basis for settlement and delivery of a loco Zurich spot trade is payment (generally in U.S. Dollars) two business days after the trade date against delivery. Delivery of the platinum can either be by physical delivery or through the clearing systems to an unallocated account.
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The unit of trade in London and Zurich is the troy ounce, whose conversion between grams is: 1,000 grams is equivalent to 32.1507465 troy ounces, and one troy ounce is equivalent to 31.1034768 grams. A good delivery platinum plate or ingot is acceptable for delivery in settlement of a transaction on the OTC market (a “Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot”). A Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot must contain between 32 and 192 troy ounces of platinum with a minimum fineness (or purity) of 999.5 parts per 1,000 (99.95%), be of good appearance, and be easy to handle and stack. The platinum content of a platinum Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot is calculated by multiplying the gross weight by the fineness of the plate or ingot. A Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot must also bear the stamp of one of the refiners who are on the LPPM approved list. Unless otherwise specified, the platinum spot price always refers to the “Good Delivery Standards” set by the LPPM. Business is generally conducted over the phone and through electronic dealing systems.
Since December 1, 2014, the LME has been administering the operation of an electronic platinum bullion price fixing systems (“LMEbullion”) that replicates electronically the manual London platinum fix processes previously employed by the London Platinum and Palladium Fixing Company Ltd (“LPPFCL”), as well as providing electronic market clearing processes for platinum bullion transactions at the fixed prices established by the LME pricing mechanism. The LME’s electronic price fixing processes, like the previous London platinum fix processes, establishes and publishes fixed prices for troy ounces of platinum twice each London trading day during fixing sessions beginning at 9:45 a.m. London time (the “LME AM Fix”) and 2:00 p.m. London time (the “LME PM Fix”). In addition to utilizing the same London platinum fix standards and methods, the LME also supervises the platinum electronic price fixing processes through its market operations, compliance, internal audit and third-party complaint handling capabilities in order to support the integrity of the LME PM Fix. The LME, in administering LMEbullion, uses a pricing methodology that meets the administrative and regulatory needs of platinum market participants, including the IOSCO Principles.
Daily during London trading hours the LME AM Fix and the LME PM Fix each provide reference platinum prices for that day’s trading. Many long-term contracts are priced on the basis of either the LME AM Fix or the LME PM Fix, and market participants will usually refer to one or the other of these prices when looking for a basis for valuations. The Trust values its platinum on the basis of the LME PM Fix.
The LME PM Fix results from LMEbullion. Formal participation in the LME PM Fix is limited to participating LPPM members. Five LPPM member participants are currently participating in establishing the LME PM Fix (Goldman Sachs International, HSBC Bank USA NA, ICBC Standard Bank plc, Johnson Matthey plc and BASF Metals Ltd.). Any other market participant wishing to participate in the trading on the LME PM Fix is required to do so through one of the participating LPPM members.
Orders are placed either with one of the participating LPPM member participants or with another precious metals dealer who will then be in contact with a participating LPPM member during the fixing. The fix begins with the chair of the pricing function submitting an opening price into the administration screen in LMEbullion, reflecting the market price and other data, prevailing at the opening of the fix. This is relayed by the LPPM member participants to their dealing rooms which have direct communication with all interested parties. Any member participant may enter the fixing process at any time, or adjust or withdraw his order. The platinum price is adjusted up or down until all the buy and sell orders are electronically matched, at which time the price is declared fixed. All orders are transacted on the basis of this fixed price, which is instantly relayed to the market through various media.
The LBMA and the LME have asserted that the LME’s electronic price fixing processes are similar to the non-electronic processes previously used to establish the applicable London platinum fix where the London platinum fix process adjusted the platinum price up or down until all the buy and sell orders entered by the participating LPPM members are matched, at which time the price was declared fixed. Nevertheless, the LME PM Fix has several advantages over the previous London platinum fix. The LME’s electronic price fixing processes are intended to be transparent. The LME asserts that its electronic price fixing processes are fully auditable by third parties since an audit trail exists from the beginning of each fixing session. The LME also asserts that the market operation, compliance, internal audit and third-party complaint handling capabilities of the LME will support the integrity of the LME PM Fix.
Since December 1, 2014, the Sponsor determined that the London platinum fix, which has been revised based on the new LME method and is now known as the LBMA Platinum Price (PM), which we refer to herein as the LME PM Fix, is an appropriate basis for valuing platinum bullion received upon purchase of the Trust’s Shares, delivered upon redemption of the Trust’s Shares and for determining the value of the Trust’s platinum bullion each trading day. The “Benchmark Price” (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of the Trust’s platinum bullion as of any day is the LME PM Fix for such day.
As of December 1, 2014, the LPPFCL transferred the ownership of the historic and future intellectual property of the twice daily “fix” for platinum and palladium bullion to a subsidiary company of the LBMA.
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Futures Exchanges
The most significant platinum futures exchanges are the COMEX and the TOCOM. The COMEX is the largest exchange in the world for trading precious metals futures and options and launched platinum futures in 1956, followed with options in 1990. The TOCOM has been trading platinum since 1984. Trading on these exchanges is based on fixed delivery dates and transaction sizes for the futures and options contracts traded. Trading costs are negotiable. As a matter of practice, only a small percentage of the futures market turnover ever comes to physical delivery of the platinum represented by the contracts traded. Both exchanges permit trading on margin. Margin trading can add to the speculative risk involved given the potential for margin calls if the price moves against the contract holder. The COMEX trades platinum futures almost continuously (with one short break in the evening) through its CME Globex electronic trading system and clears through its central clearing system. On June 6, 2003, the TOCOM adopted a similar clearing system. In each case, the exchange acts as a counterparty for each member for clearing purposes.
The Palladium Market
The Zurich and London Palladium Bullion Markets
Although the market for physical palladium is distributed globally, most palladium is stored and most OTC market trades are cleared through Zurich. As of September 1, 2009, London also serves as a center for the clearing of OTC trades in palladium. In addition to coordinating market activities, the LPPM acts as the principal point of contact between the market and its regulators. A primary function of the LPPM is its involvement in the promotion of refining standards by maintenance of the “London/Zurich Good Delivery Lists,” which are the lists of LPPM accredited refiners of palladium. The LPPM also coordinates market clearing and vaulting, promotes good trading practices and develops standard documentation.
Palladium is traded generally on a loco Zurich basis, meaning the precious metal is physically held in vaults in Zurich or is transferred into accounts established in Zurich. As of September 1, 2009, palladium began trading on a loco London basis as well, meaning that the precious metal is physically held in vaults in London or is transferred into accounts established in London. The basis for settlement and delivery of a loco Zurich spot trade is payment (generally in U.S. Dollars) two business days after the trade date against delivery. Delivery of the palladium can either be by physical delivery or through the clearing systems to an unallocated account.
The unit of trade in London and Zurich is the troy ounce, whose conversion between grams is: 1,000 grams equals 32.1507465 troy ounces, and one troy ounce equals 31.1034768 grams. A good delivery palladium plate or ingot on the LPPM approved list is acceptable for delivery in settlement of a transaction on the OTC market (a “Good Delivery Plate or Ingot”). A Good Delivery Plate or Ingot must contain between 32 and 192 troy ounces of palladium with a minimum fineness (or purity) of 999.5 parts per 1,000 (99.95%), be of good appearance, and be easy to handle and stack. The palladium content of a palladium plate or ingot is calculated by multiplying the gross weight by the fineness of the plate or ingot. A Good Delivery Plate or Ingot must also bear the stamp of one of the refiners who are on the LPPM approved list. Unless otherwise specified, the palladium spot price always refers to that of “Good Delivery Standards” set by the LPPM. Business is generally conducted over the phone and through electronic dealing systems.
Since December 1, 2014, the LME has been administering the operation of electronic palladium bullion price fixing systems (“LMEbullion”) that replicate electronically the manual London palladium fix processes previously employed by the London Platinum and Palladium Fixing Company Ltd (“LPPFCL”) as well as providing electronic market clearing processes for palladium bullion transactions at the fixed prices established by the LME pricing mechanism. The LME’s electronic price fixing processes, like the previous London palladium fix processes, establishes and publishes fixed prices for troy ounces of palladium twice each London trading day during fixing sessions beginning at 9:45 a.m. London time (the LME AM Fix) and 2:00 p.m. London time (the LME PM Fix). In addition to utilizing the same London palladium fix standards and methods, the LME also supervises the palladium electronic price fixing processes through its market operations, compliance, internal audit and third-party complaint handling capabilities in order to support the integrity of the LME PM Fix. The LME, in administering LMEbullion, uses a pricing methodology that meets the administrative and regulatory needs of palladium market participants, including the International Organization of Securities Commission’s (IOSCO) Principles for Financial Benchmarks.
Daily during London trading hours the LME AM Fix and the LME PM Fix each provide reference palladium prices for that day’s trading. Many long-term contracts will be priced on the basis of either the LME AM Fix or the LME PM Fix, and market participants will usually refer to one or the other of these prices when looking for a basis for valuations. The Trust values its palladium on the basis of the LME PM Fix.
Formal participation in the LME PM Fix is limited to participating LPPM members. Five LPPM members are currently participating in establishing the LME PM Fix (Goldman Sachs International, HSBC Bank USA NA, ICBC Standard Bank plc, Johnson Matthey plc and BASF Metals Ltd.). Any other market participant wishing to participate in the trading on the LME PM Fix is required to do so through one of the participating LPPM members.
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Orders are placed either with one of the participating LPPM member participants or with another precious metals dealer who will then be in contact with a participating LPPM member during the fixing. The fix begins with the chair reflecting the market price and other data, prevailing at the opening of the fix. This is relayed by the LPPM member participants to their dealing rooms which have direct communication with all interested parties. Any market member may enter the fixing process at any time, or adjust or withdraw his order. The palladium price is adjusted up or down until all the buy and sell orders are electronically matched, at which time the price is declared fixed. All fixing orders are transacted on the basis of this fixed price, which is instantly relayed to the market through various media.
The LBMA and the LME have asserted that the LME’s electronic price fixing processes are similar to the non-electronic processes previously used to establish the applicable London palladium fix where the London palladium fix process adjusted the palladium price up or down until all the buy and sell orders entered by the participating LPPM members are matched, at which time the price was declared fixed. Nevertheless, the LME PM Fix has several advantages over the previous London palladium fix. The LME’s electronic price fixing processes are intended to be transparent. The LME asserts that its electronic price fixing processes are fully auditable by third parties since an audit trail exists from the beginning of each fixing session. The LME also asserts that the market operation, compliance, internal audit and third-party complaint handling capabilities of the LME will support the integrity of the LME PM Fix.
Since December 1, 2014, the Sponsor determined that the London palladium fix, which has been revised based on the new LME method and is now known as the LME PM Fix, is an appropriate basis for valuing palladium bullion received upon purchase of the Trust’s Shares, delivered upon redemption of the Trust’s Shares and for determining the value of the Trust’s palladium bullion each trading day. The Sponsor also has determined that the LME PM Fix will fairly represent the commercial value of palladium bullion held by the Trust and, the “Benchmark Price” (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of the Trust’s palladium bullion as of any day is the LME PM Fix for such day.
As of December 1, 2014, the LPPFCL transferred ownership of the historic and future intellectual property of the twice daily “fix” for platinum and palladium bullion to a subsidiary company of the LBMA.
Futures Exchanges
The most significant palladium futures exchanges are the COMEX and the TOCOM. The COMEX is the largest exchange in the world for trading precious metals futures and options and launched palladium futures in 1968, followed with options in 2010. The TOCOM has been trading palladium since 1992. Trading on these exchanges is based on fixed delivery dates and transaction sizes for the futures and options contracts traded. Trading costs are negotiable. As a matter of practice, only a small percentage of the futures market turnover ever comes to physical delivery of the palladium represented by the contracts traded. Both exchanges permit trading on margin. Margin trading can add to the speculative risk involved given the potential for margin calls if the price moves against the contract holder. The COMEX trades palladium futures almost continuously (with one short break in the evening) through its CME Globex electronic trading system and clears through its central clearing system. On June 6, 2003, the TOCOM adopted a similar clearing system. In each case, the exchange acts as a counterparty for each member for clearing purposes.
Market Regulation
The global gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets are overseen and regulated by both governmental and self-regulatory organizations. In addition, certain trade associations have established rules and protocols for market practices and participants. In the United Kingdom, responsibility for the regulation of the financial market participants, including the major participating members of the LBMA and the LPPM, falls under the authority of the FCA as provided by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSM Act”). Under this act, all UK-based banks, together with other investment firms, are subject to a range of requirements, including fitness and properness, capital adequacy, liquidity, and systems and controls.
The FCA is responsible for regulating investment products, including derivatives, and those who deal in investment products. Regulation of spot, commercial forwards, and deposits of Bullion not covered by the FSM Act is provided for by The London Code of Conduct for Non-Investment Products, which was established by market participants in conjunction with the Bank of England.
The TOCOM has authority to perform financial and operational surveillance on its members’ trading activities, scrutinize positions held by members and large-scale customers, and monitor the price movements of futures markets by comparing them with cash and other derivative markets’ prices. To act as a Futures Commission Merchant Broker on the TOCOM, a broker must obtain a license from Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (“METI”), the regulatory authority that oversees the operations of the TOCOM.
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The CFTC regulates trading in commodity contracts, such as futures, options and swaps. In addition, under the CEA, the CFTC has jurisdiction to prosecute manipulation and fraud in any commodity (including precious metals) traded in interstate commerce as spot as well as deliverable forwards. The CFTC is the exclusive regulator of U.S. commodity exchanges and clearing houses.
Not A Regulated Commodity Pool
The Trust does not trade in gold, silver, platinum or palladium futures contracts on the COMEX or on any other futures exchange and does not enter into swaps or option on gold, silver, platinum or palladium and does not trade other commodity contracts that would qualify as “commodity interests”. The Trust takes delivery of physical Bullion that complies with the LBMA gold and silver delivery rules and the LPPM platinum and palladium delivery rules as applicable. Because the Trust does not trade in Bullion futures contracts on any futures exchange or trade any other derivatives on silver (e.g., options or swaps), the Trust is not regulated by the CFTC under the CEA as a “commodity pool,” and is not operated by a CFTC-regulated commodity pool operator. Investors in the Trust do not receive the regulatory protections afforded to investors in regulated commodity pools, nor may the COMEX or any futures exchange enforce its rules with respect to the Trust’s activities. In addition, investors in the Trust do not benefit from the protections afforded to investors in Bullion futures contracts on regulated futures exchanges.
The activities of the Trust are limited to (1) issuing Baskets in exchange for the Bullion deposited with the Custodian as consideration, (2) delivering Bullion as necessary to cover the Sponsor’s Fee and selling Bullion as necessary to pay Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor and other liabilities and (3) delivering Bullion in exchange for Baskets surrendered for redemption. The Trust is not actively managed. It does not engage in any activities designed to obtain a profit from, or to ameliorate losses caused by, changes in the price of gold, silver, platinum and palladium.
Trust Objective
The investment objective of the Trust is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the prices of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the proportions held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses. The Shares are intended to constitute a simple and cost-effective means of making an investment similar to a proportional investment in gold, silver, platinum and palladium. An investment in physical Bullion requires expensive and sometimes complicated arrangements in connection with the assay, transportation, warehousing and insurance of the metal. Although the Shares are not the exact equivalent of an investment in Bullion, they provide investors with an alternative that allows a level of participation in the gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets through the securities market.
Strategy Behind the Shares
The Shares are intended to offer investors an opportunity to participate in the gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets through an investment in securities. The Bullion representing a Share in the initial Baskets was comprised of 0.03 ounces of gold, 1.1 ounces of silver, 0.004 ounces of platinum and 0.006 ounces of palladium. This ratio of gold, silver, platinum and palladium held by the Trust will be maintained for the life of the Trust, although the actual weights of the metals represented by a Share will decrease over time as the Trust accrues expenses. The logistics of storing Bullion are dealt with by the Custodian and the related expenses are built into the price of the Shares. Therefore, the investor does not have any additional tasks over and above those associated with dealing in any other publicly traded security.
The Shares are intended to provide institutional and retail investors with a simple and cost-efficient means, with minimal credit risk, of gaining investment benefits similar to those of holding physical Bullion metals in the proportions held by the Trust. The Shares offer an investment that is:
| • | Easily Accessible and Relatively Cost Efficient. Investors can access the gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets through a traditional brokerage account. The Sponsor believes that investors will be able to more effectively implement strategic and tactical asset allocation strategies that use Bullion by using the Shares instead of using the traditional means of purchasing, trading and holding Bullion and for many investors, transaction costs related to the Shares will be lower than those associated with the purchase, storage and insurance of physical Bullion. |
| • | Exchange Traded and Transparent. The Shares trade on the NYSE Arca, providing investors with an efficient means to implement various investment strategies. The Shares are eligible for margin accounts and are backed by the assets of the Trust and the Trust does not hold or employ any derivative securities. Furthermore, the value of the Trust’s holdings are reported on the Trust’s website daily. |
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| • | Minimal Credit Risk. The Shares represent an interest in physical Bullion owned by the Trust (other than amounts of gold and silver held in unallocated form which are not sufficient to make up a whole bar, amounts of platinum and palladium held in unallocated form which are not sufficient to make up a whole plate or ingot, or amounts of Bullion which are held temporarily in unallocated form to effect a creation or redemption of Shares). Physical Bullion of the Trust in the Custodian’s possession is not subject to borrowing arrangements with third parties. Other than the Bullion temporarily being held in an unallocated Bullion account with the Custodian, the physical Bullion of the Trust is not subject to counterparty or credit risks. See “Risk Factors—Bullion held in the Trust’s unallocated Bullion account and any Authorized Participant’s unallocated Bullion account is not segregated from the Custodian’s assets....” This contrasts with most other financial products that gain exposure to Bullion through the use of derivatives that are subject to counterparty and credit risks. |
The Trust differentiates itself from competing Bullion ETPs in the following ways:
| • | Location of Bullion Vault. The Trust’s Custodian holds gold and silver bullion in a secure vault in London. The Trust’s Custodian holds platinum and palladium bullion in a secure vault in London or with a sub-custodian in Zurich. This custodial arrangement differentiates the Trust from other Bullion ETPs, which may custody bullion in locations such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom or Switzerland or which may use financial instruments to seek their investment objectives. The geographic and political considerations of owning gold and silver in London and platinum and palladium in London or Zurich may appeal to certain investors. |
| • | Experienced Management Team. The Sponsor has operated the Trust since its inception on October 18, 2010. The management team of the Sponsor has established a long track record of operating precious metals ETPs backed by physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium. Prior to April 27, 2018, the Sponsor was wholly-owned by ETF Securities Limited, a Jersey, Channel Islands based company. Effective April 27, 2018, ETF Securities Limited sold its membership interest in the Sponsor to abrdn Inc. See “Prospectus Summary—Trust Structure” for more information regarding abrdn Inc.’s acquisition of the Trust’s Sponsor. |
| • | Bullion Bar and Ingot and Plate List. In the interests of transparency, the Custodian maintains a list of the uniquely identifiable gold and silver bars and platinum and palladium ingots and plates held by the Trust. This list is updated daily and published at www.abrdn.com/usa/etf. Although some Bullion ETPs that custody physical bullion, such as the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust, may utilize similar disclosure, United States and non-United States precious metals ETPs that do not hold Bullion in allocated form do not maintain inventory reports of bullion holdings. |
| • | Vault Inspection. The Sponsor has contracted with a specialist bullion assaying firm to provide biannual inspections of the Bullion bars held on behalf of the Trust. One audit will be conducted at the end of each calendar year and the other at random, with the consent of the Custodian, on a date selected by the assaying firm. Other Bullion ETPs may not allow third party inspections of bullion bar, plate or ingot holdings. |
| • | Custodian. The Custodian of the Trust’s platinum is JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The Custodian may be different for other platinum ETPs. |
| • | Allocated Bullion. The Trust holds physical gold and silver in allocated form with the Custodian in the Custodian’s London vaulting premises. The Trust holds physical platinum and palladium in allocated form with the Custodian in the Custodian’s London vaulting premises or the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s Zurich vaulting premises. The physical allocated Bullion of the Trust is not subject to counterparty or credit risks. A small portion of the Trust’s physical Bullion, which amount is not expected to exceed 430 ounces of gold, 1,100 ounces of silver, 192 ounces of platinum and 192 ounces of palladium on any given day, will be held in unallocated form. This may differ from other Bullion ETPs that provide bullion exposure through other means, such as the use of financial instruments. |
| • | Structure. The Shares intend to track the performance of the price of Bullion in a proportion equal to 0.03 ounces of gold, 1.1 ounces of silver, 0.004 ounces of platinum and 0.006 ounces of palladium, less the Trust’s expenses. The Trust seeks to achieve this objective by holding physical Bullion. This structure may be different from other Bullion ETPs that seek to track the performance of the price of physical bullion through the use of commodity futures contracts or through derivatives. |
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| • | Sponsor’s Fee. The Sponsor’s Fee associated with the Trust is a competitive factor that may influence an investor’s decision to purchase Shares. |
Secondary Market Trading
While the Trust’s investment objective is for the Shares to reflect the performance of prices of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the proportions held by the Trust, less the expenses of the Trust, the Shares may trade in the secondary market on the NYSE Arca at prices that are lower or higher relative to their NAV per Share. The amount of the discount or premium in the trading price relative to the NAV per Share may be influenced by non-concurrent trading hours between the NYSE Arca and the COMEX and the London and Zurich bullion markets. While the Shares trade on the NYSE Arca until 4:00 p.m. New York time, liquidity in the global gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets is reduced after the close of the COMEX at 1:30 p.m. New York time. As a result, during this time, trading spreads, and the resulting premium or discount, on the Shares may widen.
Trust Expenses
The Trust’s only ordinary recurring expense is the Sponsor’s Fee. In exchange for the Sponsor’s Fee, the Sponsor has agreed to assume the organizational expenses of the Trust and the following administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust: the Trustee’s monthly fee and out-of-pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and reimbursement of the Custodian’s expenses under the Custody Agreements, Exchange listing fees, SEC registration fees, printing and mailing costs, audit fees and up to $100,000 per annum in legal expenses.
The Sponsor’s Fee accrues daily at an annualized rate equal to 0.60% of the ANAV of the Trust and is payable monthly in arrears. The Sponsor, from time to time, may temporarily waive all or a portion of the Sponsor’s Fee at its discretion for a stated period of time. Presently, the Sponsor does not intend to waive any of its fee.
Furthermore, the Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, agree to rebate all or a portion of the Sponsor’s Fee attributable to Shares held by certain institutional investors subject to minimum shareholding and lock up requirements as determined by the Sponsor to foster stability in the Trust’s asset levels. Any such rebate will be subject to negotiation and written agreement between the Sponsor and the investor on a case by case basis. The Sponsor is under no obligation to provide any rebates of the Sponsor’s Fee. Neither the Trust nor the Trustee will be a party to any Sponsor’s Fee rebate arrangements negotiated by the Sponsor. Any Sponsor’s Fee rebate shall be paid from the funds of the Sponsor and not from the assets of the Trust.
The Sponsor’s Fee is paid by delivery of Bullion to an account maintained by the Custodian for the Sponsor on an unallocated basis, monthly on the first business day of the month in respect of fees payable for the prior month. The delivery is of that number of ounces of gold, silver, platinum and palladium which equals the daily accrual of the Sponsor’s Fee for such prior month calculated at the applicable London Metal Price. The gold, silver, platinum and palladium delivered to pay the Sponsor’s Fee shall be in such proportion so as to ensure that the Bullion held by the Trust following such transfer is in the same ratio of metals as the Bullion delivered for the Creation Basket Deposits.
The Trustee will, when directed by the Sponsor, and, in the absence of such direction, may, in its discretion, sell Bullion in such quantity and at such times as may be necessary to permit payment in cash of Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. The Trustee is authorized to sell Bullion at such times and in the smallest amounts required to permit such payments as they become due, it being the intention to avoid or minimize the Trust’s holdings of assets other than Bullion. Accordingly, the amount of Bullion to be sold will vary from time to time depending on the level of the Trust’s expenses and the market prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium. The Custodian is authorized to purchase from the Trust, at the request of the Trustee, Bullion needed to cover Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor at the prices used by the Trustee to determine the value of the Bullion held by the Trust on the date of the sale.
Cash held by the Trustee pending payment of the Trust’s expenses will not bear any interest. Each delivery or sale of Bullion by the Trust to pay the Sponsor’s Fee or other Trust expenses will be a taxable event to Shareholders. See “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of US Shareholders.”
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Impact of Trust Expenses on the Trust’s Net Asset Value
The Trust delivers Bullion to the Sponsor to pay the Sponsor’s Fee and sells Bullion to raise the funds needed for the payment of all Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. The purchase price received as consideration for such sales is the Trust’s sole source of funds to cover its liabilities. The Trust does not engage in any activity designed to derive a profit from changes in the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium. Bullion not needed to redeem Baskets, or to cover the Sponsor’s Fee and Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, is held in physical form by the Custodian (except for residual amounts of gold not exceeding 430 ounces, the maximum weight to make one London Good Delivery Bar, residual amounts of silver not exceeding 1,100 ounces, the maximum weight to make one Silver Good Delivery Bar, residual amounts of platinum not exceeding 192 ounces, the maximum weight to make one Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot, and residual amounts of palladium not exceeding 192 ounces, the maximum weight to make one Good Delivery Palladium Plate or Ingot, which will be held in unallocated form by the Custodian on behalf of the Trust). As a result of the recurring deliveries of Bullion necessary to pay the Sponsor’s Fee in-kind and potential sales of Bullion to pay in cash the Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, the NAV of the Trust and, correspondingly, the fractional amount of physical Bullion represented by each Share will decrease proportionately over the life of the Trust. New deposits of Bullion, received in exchange for additional new Baskets issued by the Trust, will not reverse this trend.
Hypothetical Expense Example
The following table, prepared by the Sponsor, illustrates the anticipated impact of the deliveries and sales of Bullion discussed above on the fractional amount of Bullion represented by each outstanding Share for three years. It assumes that the only dispositions of Bullion will be those deliveries needed to pay the Sponsor’s Fee and that the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium and the number of Shares remain constant during the three-year period covered. The table does not show the impact of any extraordinary expenses the Trust may incur. Any such extraordinary expenses, if and when incurred, will accelerate the proportional decrease in the fractional amount of Bullion represented by each Share. In addition, the table does not show the effect of any waivers of the Sponsor’s Fee that may be in effect from time to time.
| Year | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Hypothetical gold price per ounce | $ | 1,800.00 | $ | 1,800.00 | $ | 1,800.00 | ||||||
| Hypothetical silver price per ounce | $ | 25.00 | $ | 25.00 | $ | 25.00 | ||||||
| Hypothetical platinum price per ounce | $ | 1,000.00 | $ | 1,000.00 | $ | 1,000.00 | ||||||
| Hypothetical palladium price per ounce | $ | 1,900.00 | $ | 1,900.00 | $ | 1,900.00 | ||||||
| Sponsor’s Fee | 0.60 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.60 | % | ||||||
| Shares of Trust, beginning | 100,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | |||||||||
| Ounces of gold in Trust, beginning | 3,000.00 | 2,982.00 | 2,964.11 | |||||||||
| Hypothetical value of gold in Trust | $ | 5,400,000 | $ | 5,367,600 | $ | 5,335,394 | ||||||
| Ounces of silver in Trust, beginning | 110,000.00 | 109,340.00 | 108,683.96 | |||||||||
| Hypothetical value of silver in Trust | $ | 2,750,000 | $ | 2,733,500 | $ | 2,717,099 | ||||||
| Ounces of platinum in Trust, beginning | 400.00 | 397.60 | 395.21 | |||||||||
| Hypothetical value of platinum in Trust | $ | 400,000 | $ | 397,600 | $ | 395,214 | ||||||
| Ounces of palladium in Trust, beginning | 600.00 | 596.40 | 592.82 | |||||||||
| Hypothetical value of palladium in Trust | $ | 1,140,000 | $ | 1,133,160 | $ | 1,126,361 | ||||||
| Beginning adjusted net asset value of the Trust | $ | 9,690,000 | $ | 9,631,860 | $ | 9,574,069 | ||||||
| Beginning NAV per share | $ | 96.90 | $ | 96.32 | $ | 95.74 | ||||||
| Ounces of gold to be delivered to cover the Sponsor’s Fee | 18.00 | 17.89 | 17.78 | |||||||||
| Ounces of gold in Trust, ending | 2,982.00 | 2,964.11 | 2,946.32 | |||||||||
| Ounces of silver to be delivered to cover the Sponsor’s Fee | 660.00 | 656.04 | 652.10 | |||||||||
| Ounces of silver in Trust, ending | 109,340.00 | 108,683.96 | 108,031.86 | |||||||||
| Ounces of platinum to be delivered to cover the Sponsor's Fee | 2.40 | 2.39 | 2.37 | |||||||||
| Ounces of platinum in Trust, ending | 397.60 | 395.21 | 392.84 | |||||||||
| Ounces of palladium to be delivered to cover the Sponsor's Fee | 3.60 | 3.58 | 3.56 | |||||||||
| Ounces of palladium in Trust, ending | 596.40 | 592.82 | 589.26 | |||||||||
| Ending adjusted net asset value of the Trust | $ | 9,631,860 | $ | 9,574,069 | $ | 9,516,624 | ||||||
| Ending NAV per share | $ | 96.32 | $ | 95.74 | $ | 95.17 | ||||||
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The Trust is a common law trust, formed on October 18, 2010 under New York law pursuant to the Trust Agreement. Prior to October 1, 2018, the name of the Trust was ETFS Precious Metals Basket Trust. Effective October 1, 2018, the name of the Trust changed to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust. The Trust holds Bullion and is expected from time to time to issue Baskets in exchange for deposits of Bullion and to distribute Bullion in connection with redemptions of Baskets. The investment objective of the Trust is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the prices of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the proportions held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses. The Sponsor believes that, for many investors, the Shares represent a cost-effective investment relative to traditional means of investing in Bullion. The material terms of the Trust Agreement are discussed under “Description of the Trust Agreement.” The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust. The Trust is not managed like a corporation or an active investment vehicle. The Bullion held by the Trust will only be delivered to pay the Sponsor’s Fee, distributed to Authorized Participants in connection with the redemption of Baskets or sold (1) on an as-needed basis to pay Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, (2) in the event the Trust terminates and liquidates its assets, or (3) as otherwise required by law or regulation. The delivery or sale of Bullion to pay fees and expenses by the Trust is a taxable event to Shareholders. See “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of US Shareholders.”
The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not required to register under such act. The Trust does not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts, “commodity interests” or any other instruments regulated by the CEA, as administered by the CFTC or NFA. The Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the CEA, and neither the Sponsor nor the Trustee is subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading adviser in connection with the Trust or Shares.
The Trust creates and redeems Shares from time to time but only in Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 50,000 Shares). The number of outstanding Shares is expected to increase and decrease from time to time as a result of the creation and redemption of Baskets. The creation and redemption of Baskets requires the delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of Bullion and any cash represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed. The total amount of Bullion and any cash required for the creation of Baskets is based on the combined NAV of the number of Baskets being created or redeemed. The initial amount of Bullion required for deposit with the Trust to create Shares was 1,500 ounces of gold, 55,000 ounces of silver, 200 ounces of platinum and 300 ounces of palladium per Basket. The number of ounces of Bullion required to create a Basket or to be delivered upon a redemption of a Basket gradually and proportionally decreases over time. This is because the Shares comprising a Basket represent a decreasing amount of Bullion due to the delivery or sale of the Trust’s Bullion to pay the Sponsor’s Fee or the Trust’s expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. Baskets may be created or redeemed only by Authorized Participants, who pay the Trustee a transaction fee of $500 for each order to create or redeem Baskets. Authorized Participants may sell to other investors all or part of the Shares included in the Baskets they purchase from the Trust. See “Plan of Distribution.”
The Trustee determines the NAV of the Trust on each day that the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading, as promptly as practicable after 4:00 p.m. New York time. The NAV of the Trust is the aggregate value of the Trust’s assets less its estimated accrued but unpaid liabilities (which include accrued expenses). In determining the Trust’s NAV, the Trustee values (1) the gold held by the Trust based on the LBMA PM Gold Price for an ounce of gold, (2) the silver held by the Trust based on the LBMA Silver Price for an ounce of silver, (3) the platinum held by the Trust based on the LME PM Fix price for a troy ounce of platinum , and (4) the palladium held by the Trust based on the LME PM Fix price for a troy ounce of palladium, or such other publicly available prices as the Sponsor may deem fairly represent the commercial value of the Trust’s Bullion. The Trustee also determines the NAV per Share. If on a day when the Trust’s NAV is being calculated the London Metal Price is not available or has not been announced by 4:00 p.m. New York time, for any Bullion metal the price from the next most recent LBMA PM Gold Price, LME PM Fix or LBMA Silver Price, as applicable, for such Bullion metal is used, unless the Sponsor determines that such price is inappropriate to use.
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The Trust’s assets consist of allocated physical Bullion, Bullion credited to an unallocated Bullion account and, from time to time, cash, which is used to pay expenses not assumed by the Sponsor. Except for the transfer of Bullion in or out of the Trust Unallocated Account in connection with the creation or redemption of Baskets, upon a delivery of Bullion to pay the Sponsor’s Fee or upon a sale of Bullion to pay the Trust’s expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, it is anticipated that only a small amount of unallocated gold, silver, platinum and palladium will be held in the Trust Unallocated Account. Cash held by the Trust will not generate any income. Each Share represents a proportional interest, based on the total number of Shares outstanding, in the Bullion and any cash held by the Trust, less the Trust’s liabilities (which include accrued but unpaid fees and expenses). The Sponsor expects that the secondary market trading price of the Shares will fluctuate over time in response to the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium. In addition, the Sponsor expects that the trading price of the Shares will reflect the estimated accrued but unpaid expenses of the Trust.
Investors may obtain on a 24-hour basis gold, silver, platinum and palladium pricing information based on the spot price for an ounce of each Bullion metal from various financial information service providers. Current spot prices are also generally available with bid/ask spreads from physical Bullion dealers. In addition, the Trust’s website (www.abrdn.com/usa/etf) provides ongoing pricing information for the Shares and the performance of the price of Bullion in a proportion equal to 0.03 ounces of gold, 1.1 ounces of silver, 0.004 ounces of platinum and 0.006 ounces of palladium. Market prices for the Shares are available from a variety of sources including brokerage firms, information websites and other information service providers. The NAV of the Trust is published by the Sponsor on each day that the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading and is posted on the Trust’s website.
The Trust has no fixed termination date.
The Sponsor is a Delaware limited liability company.
The Sponsor’s office is located at c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, NY 10019. Prior to April 27, 2018, the Sponsor was wholly-owned by ETF Securities Limited, a Jersey, Channel Islands based company. Effective April 27, 2018, ETF Securities Limited sold its membership interest in the Sponsor to abrdn Inc. (known as Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. prior to January 1, 2022), a Delaware corporation. As a result of the sale, abrdn Inc. became the sole member of the Sponsor. abrdn Inc. is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of abrdn plc, which together with its affiliates and subsidiaries, is collectively referred to as “abrdn.” Under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and the governing documents of the Sponsor, the sole member of the Sponsor, abrdn Inc., is not responsible for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Sponsor solely by reason of being the sole member of the Sponsor.
Prior to October 1, 2018, the name of the Sponsor was ETF Securities USA LLC. Effective October 1, 2018, the name of the Sponsor changed to Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC.
The Sponsor’s Role
The Sponsor arranged for the creation of the Trust and is responsible for the ongoing registration of the Shares for their public offering in the United States and the listing of the Shares on the NYSE Arca. The Sponsor has agreed to assume the organizational expenses of the Trust and the following administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust: the Trustee’s monthly fee and out-of-pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and the reimbursement of the Custodian’s expenses under the Custody Agreements, Exchange listing fees, SEC registration fees, printing and mailing costs, audit fees and up to $100,000 per annum in legal expenses. The Sponsor also paid the costs of the Trust’s organization and the initial sale of the Shares, including the applicable SEC registration fees.
The Sponsor does not exercise day-to-day oversight over the Trustee or the Custodian. The Sponsor may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee (1) if the Trustee ceases to meet certain objective requirements (including the requirement that it have capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $150 million); (2) if, having received written notice of a material breach of its obligations under the Trust Agreement, the Trustee has not cured the breach within 30 days; or (3) if the Trustee refuses to consent to the implementation of an amendment to the Trust’s initial Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Sponsor also has the right to replace the Trustee during the 90 days following any merger, consolidation or conversion in which the Trustee is not the surviving entity or, in its discretion, on the fifth anniversary of the creation of the Trust or on any subsequent third anniversary thereafter. The Sponsor also has the right to approve any new or additional custodian that the Trustee may wish to appoint and any new or additional Zurich Sub-Custodian that the Custodian may wish to appoint.
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The Sponsor or one of its affiliates or agents (1) develops a marketing plan for the Trust on an ongoing basis, (2) prepares marketing materials regarding the Shares, including the content of the Trust’s website and (3) executes the marketing plan for the Trust.
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The Bank of New York Mellon, a banking corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York with trust powers (“BNYM”), serves as the Trustee. BNYM has a trust office at 2 Hanson Place, Brooklyn, New York 11217. BNYM is subject to supervision by the New York State Financial Services Department and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Information regarding creation and redemption Basket composition, NAV of the Trust, transaction fees and the names of the parties that have each executed an Authorized Participant Agreement may be obtained from BNYM. A copy of the Trust Agreement is available for inspection at BNYM’s trust office identified above. Under the Trust Agreement, the Trustee is required to have capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $150 million.
The Trustee’s Role
The Trustee is generally responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Trust, including keeping the Trust’s operational records. The Trustee’s principal responsibilities include (1) transferring the Trust’s Bullion as needed to pay the Sponsor’s Fee in Bullion (Bullion transfers are expected to occur approximately monthly in the ordinary course), (2) valuing the Trust’s Bullion and calculating the NAV of the Trust and the NAV per Share, (3) receiving and processing orders from Authorized Participants to create and redeem Baskets and coordinating the processing of such orders with the Custodian and DTC, (4) selling the Trust’s Bullion as needed to pay any extraordinary Trust expenses that are not assumed by the Sponsor, (5) when appropriate, making distributions of cash or other property to Shareholders, and (6) receiving and reviewing reports from or on the Custodian’s custody of and transactions in the Trust’s Bullion. The Trustee shall, with respect to directing the Custodian, act in accordance with the instructions of the Sponsor. If the Custodian resigns, the Trustee shall appoint an additional or replacement custodian selected by the Sponsor.
The Trustee intends to regularly communicate with the Sponsor to monitor the overall performance of the Trust. The Trustee does not monitor the performance of the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodian, or any other sub-custodian other than to review the reports provided by the Custodian pursuant to the Custody Agreements. The Trustee, along with the Sponsor, liaises with the Trust’s legal, accounting and other professional service providers as needed. The Trustee assists and supports the Sponsor with the preparation of all periodic reports required to be filed with the SEC on behalf of the Trust.
The Trustee’s monthly fees and out-of-pocket expenses are paid by the Sponsor.
Affiliates of the Trustee may from time to time act as Authorized Participants or purchase or sell Bullion or Shares for their own account, as agent for their customers and for accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. Affiliates of the Trustee are subject to the same transaction fee as other Authorized Participants.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorgan”) serves as the Custodian of the Trust’s Bullion. JPMorgan is a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States of America. JPMorgan is subject to supervision by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. JPMorgan’s London office is regulated by the FCA and is located at 25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5JP, United Kingdom. JPMorgan is a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. While the United Kingdom operations of the Custodian are regulated by the FCA, the custodial services provided by the Custodian and any sub-custodian, including the Zurich Sub-Custodian under the Custody Agreements, are presently not a regulated activity subject to the supervision and rules of the FCA. The Zurich Sub-Custodian that the Custodian currently uses is UBS AG, which is located at 45 Bahnhofstrasse, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
The Custodian’s Role
The Custodian is responsible for the safekeeping of the Trust’s Bullion deposited with it by Authorized Participants in connection with the creation of Baskets. The Custodian is also responsible for selecting the Zurich Sub-Custodian and its other direct sub- custodians, if any. The Custodian facilitates the transfer of Bullion in and out of the Trust through the unallocated Bullion accounts it maintains for each Authorized Participant and the unallocated and allocated Bullion accounts it maintains for the Trust. The Custodian holds at its London, England vault premises that portion of the Trust’s allocated Bullion to be held in London. The Zurich Sub-Custodian holds at its Zurich, Switzerland vault premises that portion of the Trust’s allocated platinum and palladium to be held in Zurich on behalf of the Custodian. The Custodian is responsible for allocating specific bars of physical gold and silver and specific plates or ingots of physical platinum and palladium to the Trust’s allocated Bullion account. The Custodian provides the Trustee with regular reports detailing the Bullion transfers in and out of the Trust’s unallocated and allocated Bullion accounts and identifying the gold and silver bars and the platinum and palladium plates or ingots held in the Trust’s allocated Bullion account.
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The Custodian’s fees and expenses under the Custody Agreements are paid by the Sponsor.
The Custodian and its affiliates may from time to time act as Authorized Participants or purchase or sell Bullion or Shares for their own account, as agent for their customers and for accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The Custodian and its affiliates are subject to the same transaction fee as other Authorized Participants.
Inspection of Bullion
Under the Custody Agreements, the Trustee, the Sponsor and the Trust’s auditors and inspectors may, only up to twice a year, visit the premises of the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian for the purpose of examining the Trust’s Bullion and certain related records maintained by the Custodian. Under the Allocated Account Agreement, the Custodian agreed to procure similar inspection rights from the Zurich Sub-Custodian. Visits by auditors and inspectors to the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s facilities will be arranged through the Custodian. Other than with respect to the Zurich Sub-Custodian, the Trustee and the Sponsor have no right to visit the premises of any sub-custodian for the purposes of examining the Trust’s Bullion or any records maintained by the sub-custodian, and no sub-custodian is obligated to cooperate in any review the Trustee or the Sponsor may wish to conduct of the facilities, procedures, records or creditworthiness of such sub-custodian.
The Sponsor has exercised its right to visit the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian, in order to examine the Bullion and the records maintained by them. Inspections were conducted by Inspectorate International Limited (“Inspectorate”), a leading commodity inspection and testing company retained by the Sponsor, as of August 14, 2020. Due to unprecedented social lock-down policies implemented in the UK and Switzerland to help prevent the spread of COVID-19, neither the Sponsor, nor Inspectorate, were able to perform a physical inspection of the Trust's Bullion on December 31, 2020. In lieu of a physical inspection, the Sponsor performed alternative procedures to verify the Bullion held by the Trust as of December 31, 2020. These procedures included confirmation of the Bullion list and total ounces of Bullion held by the Custodian at December 31, 2020, and an independent recalculation of ounces of Bullion for each creation or redemption transaction from August 14, 2020, the date of the last physical inspection, through December 31, 2020. The Sponsor and Inspectorate also virtually inspected a selection of Bullion held by the Custodian on behalf of the Trust, verifying the weight of the Bullion, and that the serial numbers of the Bullion selected matched the records of the Trust. Upon the relaxing of social lock-down policies in the UK and Switzerland, the Sponsor’s inspector, Inspectorate, was able to most recently conduct a physical inspection of the Bullion and execute its right to visit the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian as of July 23, 2021 as planned. The results can be found on www.abrdn.com/usa/etf.
There can be no guarantee that the Sponsor or the Trust’s auditors and inspectors will be able to perform physical inspections of the Trust’s Bullion as planned. Local policies, regulations, or ordinances, as well as polices or restrictions adopted by the Custodian or a sub-custodian, may temporarily prevent, or otherwise impair the ability of, the Sponsor or the Trust’s auditors and inspectors, from performing a physical inspection of the Trust’s Bullion on a desired date. In those situations, the Sponsor or the Trust’s auditors and inspectors may seek to verify the Bullion held by the Trust by alternate means, including through virtual inspections of the Trust’s Bullion and/or a review of pertinent records.
General
The Trustee is authorized under the Trust Agreement to create and issue an unlimited number of Shares. Prior to October 1, 2018, the name of the Shares was ETFS Physical PM Basket Shares. Effective October 1, 2018, the name of the Shares changed to Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF. The Trustee creates Shares only in Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 50,000 Shares) and only upon the order of an Authorized Participant. The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust and have no par value. Any creation and issuance of Shares above the amount registered on the Trust’s then-current and effective registration statement with the SEC will require the registration of such additional Shares.
Description of Limited Rights
The Shares do not represent a traditional investment and Shareholders should not view them as similar to “shares” of a corporation operating a business enterprise with management and a board of directors. Shareholders do not have the statutory rights normally associated with the ownership of shares of a corporation, including, for example, the right to bring “oppression” or “derivative” actions. All Shares are of the same class with equal rights and privileges. Each Share is transferable, is fully paid and non-assessable and entitles the holder to vote on the limited matters upon which Shareholders may vote under the Trust Agreement. The Shares do not entitle their holders to any conversion or pre-emptive rights, or, except as provided below, any redemption rights or rights to distributions.
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Distributions
If the Trust is terminated and liquidated, the Trustee will distribute to the Shareholders any amounts remaining after the satisfaction of all outstanding liabilities of the Trust and the establishment of such reserves for applicable taxes, other governmental charges and contingent or future liabilities as the Trustee shall determine. Shareholders of record on the record date fixed by the Trustee for a distribution will be entitled to receive their pro rata portion of any distribution.
Voting and Approvals
Under the Trust Agreement, Shareholders have no voting rights, except in limited circumstances. The Trustee may terminate the Trust upon the agreement of Shareholders owning at least 75% of the outstanding Shares. In addition, certain amendments to the Trust Agreement require advance notice to the Shareholders before the effectiveness of such amendments, but no Shareholder vote or approval is required for any amendment to the Trust Agreement.
Redemption of the Shares
The Shares may only be redeemed by or through an Authorized Participant and only in Baskets. See “Creation and Redemption of Shares” for details on the redemption of the Shares.
Book Entry Form
Individual certificates will not be issued for the Shares. Instead, one or more global certificates are deposited by the Trustee with DTC and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares outstanding at any time. Under the Trust Agreement, Shareholders are limited to (1) participants in DTC such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies (DTC Participants), (2) those who maintain, either directly or indirectly, a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant (Indirect Participants), and (3) those banks, brokers, dealers, trust companies and others who hold interests in the Shares through DTC Participants or Indirect Participants. The Shares are only transferable through the book entry system of DTC. Shareholders who are not DTC Participants may transfer their Shares through DTC by instructing the DTC Participant holding their Shares (or by instructing the Indirect Participant or other entity through which their Shares are held) to transfer the Shares. Transfers are made in accordance with standard securities industry practice.
CUSTODY OF THE TRUST’S BULLION
Custody of the physical gold and silver deposited with and held by the Trust is provided by the Custodian at its London, England vaults and by other sub-custodians on a temporary basis. Custody of the physical platinum and palladium deposited with and held by the Trust is provided by the Custodian at its London, England vaults and by the Zurich Sub-Custodian selected by the Custodian in its Zurich, Switzerland vaults and by other sub-custodians on a temporary basis. The Custodian is a market maker, clearer and approved weigher under the rules of the LBMA and the LPPM.
The Custodian is the custodian of the physical Bullion credited to the Trust Allocated Account in accordance with the Custody Agreements. The Custodian segregates the physical Bullion credited to the Trust Allocated Account from any other precious metal it holds or holds for others by entering appropriate entries in its books and records, and requires the Zurich Sub-Custodian to also segregate the physical platinum and palladium of the Trust that it holds from the other platinum and palladium held by it for other customers of the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s other customers. The Custodian requires the Zurich Sub-Custodian to identify in its books and records the Trust as having the rights to the physical platinum and palladium credited to its Trust Allocated Account. Under the Custody Agreements, the Trustee, the Sponsor and the Trust’s auditors and inspectors may inspect the vaults of the Custodian and the Zurich Sub-Custodian. See “Inspection of Bullion”.
The Custodian, as instructed by the Trustee on behalf of the Trust, is authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, deposits of Bullion in unallocated form. Acting on standing instructions specified in the Custody Agreements, the Custodian allocates Bullion deposited in unallocated form with the Trust by selecting bars of gold or silver or plates or ingots of platinum or palladium for deposit to the Trust Allocated Account or, with respect to platinum or palladium to be held in Zurich, requires the Zurich Sub-Custodian to allocate platinum or palladium deposited in unallocated form with the Trust by selecting plates or ingots of platinum or palladium for deposit for the benefit of the Trust Allocated Amount. All physical gold and silver allocated to the Trust must conform to the rules, regulations, practices and customs of the LBMA. All physical platinum and palladium allocated to the Trust must conform to the rules, regulations, practices and customs of the LPPM.
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The process of withdrawing Bullion from the Trust for a redemption of a Basket follows the same general procedure as for depositing Bullion with the Trust for a creation of a Basket, only in reverse. Each transfer of Bullion between the Trust Allocated Account and the Trust Unallocated Account connected with a creation or redemption of a Basket may result in a small amount of Bullion being held in the Trust Unallocated Account after the completion of the transfer. In making deposits and withdrawals between the Trust Allocated Account and the Trust Unallocated Account, the Custodian will use commercially reasonable efforts to minimize the amounts of gold, silver, platinum and palladium held in the Trust Unallocated Account as of the close of each business day. See “Creation and Redemption of Shares.”
DESCRIPTION OF THE CUSTODY AGREEMENTS
The Allocated Account Agreement between the Trustee and the Custodian establishes the Trust Allocated Account. The Unallocated Account Agreement between the Trustee and the Custodian establishes the Trust Unallocated Account. These agreements are sometimes referred to together as the “Custody Agreements” in this prospectus. The following is a description of the material terms of the Custody Agreements. As the Custody Agreements are similar in form, they are discussed together, with material distinctions between the agreements noted.
Reports
The Custodian provides the Trustee with reports for each business day, no later than the following business day, identifying the movements of gold, silver, platinum and palladium in and out of the Trust Allocated Account and the credits and debits of Bullion to the Trust Unallocated Account and containing sufficient information to identify each bar of gold and silver and each plate or ingot of platinum and palladium held in the Trust Allocated Account and whether the Custodian or a Zurich Sub-Custodian has possession of such bar, plate or ingot. The Custodian also provides the Trustee with monthly statements of account for the Trust Allocated Account and the Trust Unallocated Account as of the last business day of each month. Under the Custody Agreements, a “business day” generally means any day that is both a “London Business Day,” when commercial banks generally and the London Bullion market are open for the transaction of business in London, and a “Zurich Business Day,” when commercial banks generally and the Zurich Bullion market are open for the transaction of business in Zurich.
The Custodian’s records of all deposits to and withdrawals from, and all debits and credits to, the Trust Allocated Account and the Trust Unallocated Account which are to occur on a business day, and all end of business day account balances in the Trust Allocated Account and Trust Unallocated Account, are stated as of the close of the Custodian’s business (usually 4:00 p.m. London time) on such business day.
Zurich Sub-Custodian
Under the Allocated Account Agreement, the Custodian selects the Zurich Sub-Custodian, whose appointment is approved by the Sponsor, for the custody and safekeeping of the Trust’s physical platinum and palladium to be held in Zurich in its vault premises.
The Custodian will use reasonable care in selecting any Zurich Sub-Custodian. The Custodian must require the Zurich Sub- Custodian to segregate the platinum and palladium held by it for the Trust from platinum and palladium which it holds for its other customers, the Custodian, and any other customers of the Custodian by making appropriate entries in its books and records. The Custodian has required the Zurich Sub-Custodian to deliver, and the Zurich Sub-Custodian has delivered, to the Custodian (with a copy to the Sponsor and the Trustee) an acknowledgement and undertaking to segregate all physical platinum and palladium held by it for the Trust from any platinum and palladium which it owns or holds for others and which it holds for the Custodian and any other customers of the Custodian, and in each case make appropriate entries in its books and records reflecting such segregation of the Trust’s platinum and palladium. The Zurich Sub-Custodian that the Custodian currently uses is UBS AG.
Sub-custodians
Under the Allocated Account Agreement, the Custodian may select, with the exception of the Zurich Sub-Custodian, any other sub-custodians solely for the temporary holding of Bullion for it until transported to the Custodian’s London vault premises or the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s Zurich vault premises, as applicable. These sub-custodians may in turn select other sub-custodians to perform their duties, including temporarily holding Bullion for them, but the Custodian is not responsible for (and therefore has no liability in relation to) the selection of those other sub-custodians. The Allocated Account Agreement requires the Custodian to use reasonable care in selecting any sub-custodian and provides that, except for the Custodian’s obligation to use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain delivery of Bullion held by any other sub-custodians when necessary, the Custodian is not liable for the acts or omissions, or for the solvency, of any sub-custodian that it selects unless the selection of that sub-custodian was made negligently or in bad faith.
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The sub-custodians selected and used by the Custodian as of the date of this prospectus are UBS AG for palladium and platinum and Malca Amit UK for silver. The custodian may use LBMA and LPPM market-making members that provide bullion vaulting and clearing services to third parties. The Allocated Account Agreement provides that the Custodian will notify the Trustee if it selects any additional sub-custodians or stops using any sub-custodian it has previously selected.
Location and Segregation of Bullion; Access
Gold and silver held for the Trust Allocated Account by the Custodian is held at the Custodian’s London vault premises. Platinum and palladium held for the Trust Allocated Account by the Custodian is held at the Custodian’s London vault premises or by a Zurich Sub-Custodian in its Zurich vault premises. Bullion may be temporarily held for the Trust Allocated Account by any other sub-custodians selected by the Custodian and by sub-custodians of sub-custodians in vaults located in England, Zurich or in other locations. Where the physical Bullion is held for the Trust Allocated Account by any sub-custodian, the Custodian agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to promptly arrange for the delivery of any such physical Bullion held on behalf of the Trust to the Custodian’s London vault premises or the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s Zurich vault premises, as applicable, at the Custodian’s own cost and risk.
The Custodian segregates by identification in its books and records the Trust’s Bullion in the Trust Allocated Account from any other Bullion which it owns or holds for others and requires the Zurich Sub-Custodian and any other sub-custodians it selects to so segregate the Trust’s Bullion held by them. This requirement reflects the current custody practice in the London and Zurich Bullion markets, and, under the Allocated Account Agreement, the Custodian is required to communicate this segregation requirement to each Zurich Sub-Custodian, who in turn must provide written acknowledgment of this requirement to the Custodian. The Custodian’s books and records are expected, as a matter of current London and Zurich Bullion markets custody practice, to identify every bar of gold and silver and each plate or ingot of platinum and palladium held in the Trust Allocated Account in its own vault by refiner, assay or fineness, serial number and gross and fine weight. The Zurich Sub-Custodian and any other sub-custodians selected by the Custodian are also expected, as a matter of current industry practice, to identify in their books and records each bar of gold and silver and each plate or ingot of platinum and palladium, as applicable, held for the Custodian by serial number and such sub-custodians may use other identifying information.
The Trustee and the Sponsor and the Trust’s auditors and inspectors may, during normal business hours, visit the Custodian’s premises up to twice a year and examine the Trust’s Bullion held there and such records of the Custodian concerning the Trust Allocated Account and the Trust Unallocated Account as they may be reasonably required to perform their respective duties to investors in the Shares. With respect to the Trust Unallocated Account, a second visit to the Custodian’s premises in any calendar year shall require the consent of the Custodian, which consent may not be withheld unreasonably. Visits by auditors and inspectors to the Zurich Sub- Custodian’s facilities will be arranged through the Custodian.
Transfers into the Trust Unallocated Account
The Custodian credits to the Trust Unallocated Account the amount of Bullion it receives from the Trust Allocated Account, an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account or from other third party unallocated accounts for credit to the Trust Unallocated Account. Unless otherwise agreed by the Custodian in writing, the only Bullion the Custodian accepts in physical form for credit to the Trust Unallocated Account is Bullion that the Trustee has transferred from the Trust Allocated Account, an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account or a third party unallocated account.
Transfers from the Trust Unallocated Account
The Custodian transfers Bullion from the Trust Unallocated Account only in accordance with the Trustee’s instructions to the Custodian. A transfer of Bullion from the Trust Unallocated Account may only be made (1) by transferring Bullion to an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account; (2) by transferring Bullion to the Trust Allocated Account; (3) by transferring Bullion to pay the Sponsor’s Fee; (4) by making Bullion available for collection at the Custodian’s vault premises or at such other location as the Custodian may direct, at the Trust’s expense and risk; (5) by delivering the Bullion to such location as the Trustee directs, at the Trust’s expense and risk; or (6) by transfer to an account maintained by the Custodian or by a third party on an unallocated basis in connection with the sale of Bullion or other transfers permitted under the Trust Agreement. Transfers made pursuant to clauses (4), (5) and (6) will be made only on an exceptional basis, with transfers under clause (6) expected to include transfers made in connection with a sale of Bullion to pay expenses of the Trust not paid by the Sponsor or with the liquidation of the Trust. Any Bullion made available in physical form will be in a form which complies with the rules, regulations, practices and customs of the LBMA, the LPPM, the Bank of England or any applicable regulatory body (“Custody Rules”) or in such other form as may be agreed between the Trustee and the Custodian, and in all cases all gold made available will comprise one or more whole gold bars, all silver made available will comprise one or more whole silver bars, all platinum made available will comprise one or more whole platinum plates or ingots, and all palladium made available will comprise one or more whole palladium plates or ingots, in each case as selected by the Custodian.
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The Custodian uses commercially reasonable efforts to transfer Bullion from the Trust Unallocated Account to the Trust Allocated Account by 2:00 p.m. London time on each business day. In doing so, the Custodian shall identify bars and plates or ingots of a weight most closely approximating, but not exceeding, the appropriate balance for each Bullion metal in the Trust Unallocated Account and shall transfer such weight from the Trust Unallocated Account to the Trust Allocated Account.
Transfers into the Trust Allocated Account
The Custodian receives transfers of Bullion into the Trust Allocated Account only at the Trustee’s instructions given pursuant to the Unallocated Account Agreement by debiting Bullion from the Trust Unallocated Account and crediting such Bullion to the Trust Allocated Account.
Transfers from the Trust Allocated Account
The Custodian transfers Bullion from the Trust Allocated Account only in accordance with the Trustee’s instructions. Generally, the Custodian transfers Bullion from the Trust Allocated Account only by debiting Bullion from the Trust Allocated Account and crediting the Bullion to the Trust Unallocated Account.
Right to Refuse Transfers or Amend Transfer Procedures
The Custodian may refuse to accept instructions to transfer Bullion to or from the Trust Unallocated Account and the Trust Allocated Account if in the Custodian’s opinion they are or may be contrary to the rules, regulations, practices and customs of the LBMA or the LPPM, as applicable, or the Bank of England or contrary to any applicable law. The Custodian may amend the procedures for transferring Bullion to or from the Trust Unallocated Account or for the physical withdrawal of Bullion from the Trust Unallocated Account or the Trust Allocated Account or impose such additional procedures in relation to the transfer of Bullion to or from the Trust Unallocated Account as the Custodian may from time to time consider necessary due to a change in rules of the LBMA, the LPPM or a banking or regulatory association governing the Custodian. The Custodian will notify the Trustee within a commercially reasonable time before the Custodian amends these procedures or imposes additional ones.
The Custodian receives no fee under the Unallocated Account Agreement.
Trust Unallocated Account Credit and Debit Balances
No interest will be paid by the Custodian on any credit balance to the Trust Unallocated Account. The Trust Unallocated Account may not at any time have a debit or negative balance.
Exclusion of Liability
The Custodian uses reasonable care in the performance of its duties under the Custody Agreements and is only responsible for any loss or damage suffered by the Trust as a direct result of any negligence, fraud or willful default in the performance of its duties. The Custodian’s liability under the Allocated Account Agreement is further limited to the market value of the Bullion lost or damaged at the time such negligence, fraud or willful default is discovered by the Custodian, provided that the Custodian promptly notifies the Trustee after any discovery of such lost or damaged Bullion. The Custodian’s liability under the Unallocated Account Agreement is further limited to the amount of the Bullion lost or damaged at the time such negligence, fraud or willful default is discovered by the Custodian, provided that the Custodian promptly notifies the Trustee of after any discovery of such lost or damaged Bullion.
Furthermore, the Custodian has no duty to make or take or to require the Zurich Sub-Custodian or any other sub-custodians selected by it to make or take any special arrangements or precautions beyond those required by the Custody Rules or as specifically set forth in the Custody Agreements.
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Indemnity
The Trustee will, solely out of the Trust’s assets, indemnify the Custodian (on an after tax basis) on demand against all costs and expenses, damages, liabilities and losses which the Custodian may suffer or incur in connection with the Custody Agreements, except to the extent that such sums are due directly to the Custodian’s negligence, willful default or fraud.
Insurance
The Custodian maintains such insurance for its business, including its bullion and custody business, as it deems appropriate in connection with its custodial and other obligations and is responsible for all costs, fees and expenses arising from the insurance policy or policies attributable to its relationship with the Trust. Consistent with industry standards, the Custodian maintains a group insurance policy that covers all metal types held in its, its sub-custodians’, and the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s vaults for the accounts of all its customers for a variety of events. The Trustee and the Sponsor may, subject to confidentiality restrictions, be provided with details of this insurance coverage from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.
Force Majeure
The Custodian is not liable for any delay in performance or any non-performance of any of its obligations under the Custody Agreements by reason of any cause beyond its reasonable control, including acts of God, war or terrorism.
Termination
Beginning January 1, 2022, the Custody Agreements will automatically renew for successive one year terms unless otherwise terminated. The Trustee and the Custodian may each terminate any Custody Agreement for any reason, including if either the Custodian or the Zurich Sub-Custodian ceases to offer the services contemplated by the Custody Agreements to its clients or proposes to withdraw from the Bullion business, upon 90 business days’ prior notice. The Custody Agreements may also be terminated with immediate effect as follows: (1) by the Trustee, if the Custodian ceased to offer the services contemplated by either Custody Agreement to its clients or proposed to withdraw from the physical gold, silver, platinum or palladium business; (2) by the Trustee or the Custodian, if it becomes unlawful for the Custodian or the Trustee to be a party to either Custody Agreement or for the Custodian to provide or the Trustee or Trust to receive the services thereunder; (3) by the Custodian, if the Custodian determines in its reasonable view that the Trust is insolvent or faces impending insolvency; (4) by the Trustee if the Trustee determines in its sole view that the Custodian is insolvent or faces impending insolvency; (5) by the Trustee, if the Trust is to be terminated; or (6) by the Trustee or the Custodian, if either of the Custody Agreements ceases to be in full force and effect.
If redelivery arrangements acceptable to the Custodian for the Bullion held in the Trust Allocated Account are not made, the Custodian may continue to store the Bullion and continue to charge for its fees and expenses, and, after six months from the termination date, the Custodian may sell the Bullion and account to the Trustee for the proceeds. If arrangements acceptable to the Custodian for redelivery of the balance in the Trust Unallocated Account are not made, the Custodian may continue to charge for its fees and expenses payable under the Allocated Account Agreement, and, after six months from the termination date, the Custodian may close the Trust Unallocated Account and account to the Trustee for the proceeds.
Amendments
The Trustee and the Custodian entered into the Custody Agreements with effect on and from December 9, 2010. On September 20, 2018, the Trustee and the Custodian entered into amendments to the Custody Agreements (the “2018 Custody Amendments”), effective as of October 1, 2018, as approved and directed by the Sponsor on behalf of the Trust. The 2018 Custody Amendments reflect the changed name of the Trust from ETFS Precious Metals Basket Trust to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, the changed name of the Shares from ETFS Physical PM Basket Shares to Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF, and the changed name of the Sponsor from ETF Securities USA LLC to Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC. On June 5, 2020, the Trustee and the Custodian entered into amendments to the Custody Agreements (the “2020 Custody Amendments”, and together with the 2018 Custody Amendments, the “Custody Amendments”), as approved and directed by the Sponsor on behalf of the Trust. The 2020 Custody Amendments reflect changes to the terms of the Custody Agreements such that each Custody Agreement shall have a term ending December 31, 2021 and will automatically renew for successive one year terms unless otherwise terminated. No other material changes to the Custody Agreements were made in connection with the Custody Amendments.
Governing Law
The Custody Agreements and the Custodian’s arrangement with the Zurich Sub-Custodian are governed by English law. The Trustee and the Custodian both consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York and the federal courts located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Such consent is not required for any person to assert a claim of New York jurisdiction over the Trustee or the Custodian.
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CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
The Trust creates and redeems Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 50,000 Shares). The creation and redemption of Baskets is only made in exchange for the delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium and any cash represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed, the amount of which is based on the combined NAV of the number of Shares included in the Baskets being created or redeemed determined on the day the order to create or redeem Baskets is properly received.
Authorized Participants are the only persons that may place orders to create and redeem Baskets. Authorized Participants must be (1) registered broker-dealers or other securities market participants, such as banks and other financial institutions, which are not required to register as broker-dealers to engage in securities transactions, and (2) participants in DTC. To become an Authorized Participant, a person must enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Sponsor and the Trustee. The Authorized Participant Agreement provides the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets and for the delivery of the Bullion and any cash required for such creations and redemptions. The Authorized Participant Agreement and the related procedures attached thereto may be amended by the Trustee and the Sponsor, without the consent of any Shareholder or Authorized Participant. Authorized Participants pay a transaction fee of $500 to the Trustee for each order they place to create or redeem one or more Baskets. Authorized Participants who make deposits with the Trust in exchange for Baskets receive no fees, commissions or other form of compensation or inducement of any kind from either the Sponsor or the Trust for serving as an Authorized Participant, and no such person has any obligation or responsibility to the Sponsor or the Trust to effect any sale or resale of Shares.
Authorized Participants are cautioned that some of their activities will result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which would render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus-delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act, as described in “Plan of Distribution.”
Prior to initiating any creation or redemption order, an Authorized Participant must have entered into an agreement with the Custodian or a Bullion clearing bank to establish an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account in London or Zurich (“Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement”). Bullion held in Authorized Participant Unallocated Accounts is typically not segregated from the Custodian’s or other Bullion clearing bank’s assets, as a consequence of which an Authorized Participant will have no proprietary interest in any specific bars of gold or silver or plates or ingots of platinum or palladium held by the Custodian or the clearing bank. Credits to its Authorized Participant Unallocated Account are therefore at risk of the Custodian’s or other Bullion clearing bank’s insolvency. No fees will be charged by the Custodian for the use of the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account as long as the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account is used solely for Bullion transfers to and from the Trust Unallocated Account and the Custodian (or one of its affiliates) receives compensation for maintaining the Trust Allocated Account. Authorized Participants should be aware that the Custodian’s liability threshold under the Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement is generally gross negligence, not negligence, which is the Custodian’s liability threshold under the Trust’s Custody Agreements.
As the terms of the Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement differ in certain respects from the terms of the Trust’s Unallocated Account Agreement, potential Authorized Participants should review the terms of the Authorized Participant Unallocated Bullion Account Agreement carefully. A copy of the Authorized Participant Agreement may be obtained by potential Authorized Participants from the Trustee.
Certain Authorized Participants are expected to have the facility to participate directly in the physical gold, silver, platinum and palladium markets and the Bullion futures markets. In some cases, an Authorized Participant may from time to time acquire Bullion from or sell Bullion to its affiliated Bullion trading desk, which may profit in these instances. Each Authorized Participant must be registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and regulated by FINRA or be exempt from being or otherwise not be required to be so regulated or registered, and must be qualified to act as a broker or dealer in the states or other jurisdictions where the nature of its business so requires. Certain Authorized Participants are regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations. Each Authorized Participant has its own set of rules and procedures, internal controls and information barriers as it determines is appropriate in light of its own regulatory regime.
Authorized Participants may act for their own accounts or as agents for broker-dealers, custodians and other securities market participants that wish to create or redeem Baskets. An order for one or more Baskets may be placed by an Authorized Participant on behalf of multiple clients. As of the date of this prospectus, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc., Scotia Capital (USA) Inc., UBS Securities LLC and Virtu Financial BD, LLC have each signed an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Trust and, upon the effectiveness of such agreement, may create and redeem Baskets as described above. Persons interested in purchasing Baskets should contact the Sponsor or the Trustee to obtain the contact information for the Authorized Participants. Shareholders who are not Authorized Participants are only able to redeem their Shares through an Authorized Participant.
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All Bullion will be delivered to the Trust and distributed by the Trust in unallocated form through credits and debits between Authorized Participant Unallocated Accounts and the Trust Unallocated Account. Bullion transferred from an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account to the Trust in unallocated form will first be credited to the Trust Unallocated Account. Thereafter, the Custodian will allocate specific bars of gold and silver and allocate, or cause the allocation by the Zurich Sub-Custodian of, specific plates or ingots of platinum, in each case representing the amount of Bullion credited to the Trust Unallocated Account (to the extent such amount is representable by whole gold or silver bars or platinum or palladium plates or ingots) to the Trust Allocated Account. The movement of Bullion is reversed for the distribution of Bullion to an Authorized Participant in connection with the redemption of Baskets.
All physical gold represented by a credit to any Authorized Participant Unallocated Account and to the Trust Unallocated Account and all physical gold held in the Trust Allocated Account with the Custodian must be of at least a minimum fineness (or purity) of 995 parts per 1,000 (99.5%) and otherwise conform to the rules, regulations practices and customs of the LBMA, including the specifications for a London Good Delivery Bar.
All physical silver represented by a credit to any Authorized Participant Unallocated Account and to the Trust Unallocated Account and all physical silver held in the Trust Allocated Account with the Custodian must be of at least a minimum fineness (or purity) of 999.0 parts per 1,000 (99.9%) and otherwise conform to the rules, regulations, practices and customs of the LBMA, including the specifications for a Silver Good Delivery Bar.
All physical platinum or palladium represented by a credit to any Authorized Participant Unallocated Account and to the Trust Unallocated Account and all physical platinum or palladium held in the Trust Allocated Account with the Custodian or for the Custodian by the Zurich Sub-Custodians must be of at least a minimum fineness (or purity) of 999.5 parts per 1,000 (99.95%) and otherwise conform to the rules, regulations practices and customs of the LPPM, including the specifications for a Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot or a Good Delivery Palladium Plate or Ingot, as applicable
Under the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to indemnify the Authorized Participants against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Loco London and Loco Zurich Platinum and Palladium Delivery Elections. Although all delivery of gold and silver in relation to the creation or redemption of a Basket will be conducted loco London, Authorized Participants can elect to deliver platinum or palladium loco London or loco Zurich in connection with the creation of a Basket. Authorized Participants can also elect to receive delivery of platinum or palladium loco London or loco Zurich in connection with the redemption of a Basket. A Basket creation order that elects to deliver all Bullion loco London will cause the Custodian to effect an allocation of such Bullion to the Trust Allocated Account maintained by the Custodian in its London vault premises. A Basket creation order that elects to deliver (i) platinum, (ii) palladium or (iii) platinum and palladium loco Zurich will cause the Custodian to effect an allocation of such platinum or palladium to the Trust Allocated Account maintained by the Zurich Sub-Custodian in its Zurich vault premises and an allocation of the remaining Bullion constituting the Basket to the Trust Allocated Account maintained by the Custodian in its London vault premises. Likewise, a Basket redemption order that elects a total loco London delivery will cause the Custodian to effect a de-allocation of Bullion necessary to satisfy such redemption requests from the Trust Allocated Account maintained by the Custodian in London to the Trust Unallocated Account maintained by the Custodian in London. A Basket redemption order that elects a loco Zurich delivery for (i) platinum, (ii) palladium or (iii) platinum and palladium will cause the Custodian to effect a de-allocation of such platinum or palladium necessary to satisfy such redemption requests from the Trust Allocated Account maintained by the Zurich Sub-Custodian in Zurich to the Trust Unallocated Account maintained in Zurich and a de-allocation of the remaining Bullion constituting the Basket necessary to satisfy such redemption requests from the Trust Allocated Account maintained by the Custodian in London to the Trust Unallocated Account maintained by the Custodian in London.
In the event that there is not sufficient platinum or palladium in the Trust Allocated Account in London to satisfy loco London redemptions, the Custodian shall cause the Zurich Sub-Custodian to de-allocate sufficient platinum or palladium held by it for the Trust Allocated Account in Zurich and cause a transfer of such platinum or palladium from the Trust Unallocated Account maintained by the Custodian in Zurich to the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account maintained in London. Likewise, in the event that there is not sufficient platinum or palladium in the Trust Allocated Account in Zurich to satisfy loco Zurich redemptions, the Custodian will initiate the reverse procedure to transfer platinum or palladium from London to Zurich. These transfers between London and Zurich unallocated accounts will generally occur pursuant to loco swap arrangements and will not expose the Authorized Participant or the Trust to any additional expense. The Custodian has assumed the responsibility and expenses for loco swap transfers and shall bear any risk of loss related to the platinum or palladium being transferred. If no loco swap counterparty is available, the Custodian shall arrange, at its own expense and risk, for the physical transportation of platinum or palladium between the Zurich Sub-Custodian’s Zurich vault premises and the Custodian’s London vault premises. If such a loco swap or physical transfer is necessary to effect a loco London or loco Zurich redemption, the settlement of loco London or loco Zurich redemption deliveries may be delayed more than two, but not more than five, business days.
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The following description of the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets is only a summary and an investor should refer to the relevant provisions of the Trust Agreement and the form of Authorized Participant Agreement for more detail, each of which is attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for information about where you can obtain the registration statement.
Creation Procedures
On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Trustee to create one or more Baskets. Creation and redemption orders are accepted on “business days” the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading. Settlements of such orders requiring receipt or delivery, or confirmation of receipt or delivery, of Bullion in the United Kingdom, Zurich or another jurisdiction will occur on “business days” when (1) banks in the United Kingdom, Zurich and such other jurisdiction and (2) the London and Zurich Bullion markets are regularly open for business. If such banks or the London or Zurich Bullion markets are not open for regular business for a full day, such a day will only be a “business day” for settlement purposes if the settlement procedures can be completed by the end of such day. Settlement of orders requiring receipt or delivery, or confirmation of receipt or delivery, of Shares will occur, after confirmation of the applicable Bullion delivery, on “business days” when the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading. Purchase orders must be placed no later than 3:59:59 p.m. on each business day the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading. In the event of a level 3 market-wide circuit breaker resulting in a trading halt for the remainder of the trading day, the time of the market-wide trading halt is considered the close of regular trading and no creation orders for the current trade date will be accepted after that time (the “cutoff”). Orders placed after the cutoff will be deemed to be rejected and will not be processed. Orders should be placed in proper form on the following business day. The day on which the Trustee receives a valid purchase order is the purchase order date.
By placing a purchase order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deposit Bullion with the Trust. Prior to the delivery of Baskets for a purchase order, the Authorized Participant must also have wired to the Trustee the non-refundable transaction fee due for the purchase order.
Determination of required deposits
The amount of gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the required deposit is determined by dividing the number of ounces of each metal held by the Trust by the number of Baskets outstanding, as adjusted for the amount of Bullion constituting estimated accrued but unpaid fees and expenses of the Trust.
Fractions of a fine ounce of gold, silver, platinum and palladium smaller than 0.001 of a fine ounce which are included in the deposit amount are disregarded in the foregoing calculation. All questions as to the composition of a Creation Basket Deposit will be finally determined by the Trustee. The Trustee’s determination of the Creation Basket Deposit shall be final and binding on all persons interested in the Trust.
Delivery of required deposits
An Authorized Participant who places a purchase order is responsible for crediting its Authorized Participant Unallocated Account with the required Bullion deposit amount by the second business day in London or Zurich, as applicable, following the purchase order date. Upon receipt of the Bullion deposit amount, the Custodian, after receiving appropriate instructions from the Authorized Participant and the Trustee, will transfer on the second business day following the purchase order date the Bullion deposit amount from the Authorized Participant Unallocated Account to the Trust Unallocated Account and the Trustee will direct DTC to credit the number of Baskets ordered to the Authorized Participant’s DTC account. The expense and risk of delivery, ownership and safekeeping of Bullion until such Bullion has been received by the Trust shall be borne solely by the Authorized Participant. The Trustee may accept delivery of Bullion by such other means as the Sponsor, from time to time, may determine with the Trustee to be acceptable for the Trust, provided that the same is disclosed in a prospectus relating to the Trust filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act. If Bullion is to be delivered other than as described above, the Sponsor is authorized to establish such procedures and to appoint such custodians and establish such custody accounts in addition to those described in this prospectus, as the Sponsor determines to be desirable.
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Acting on standing instructions given by the Trustee, the Custodian will transfer the Bullion deposit amount from the Trust Unallocated Account to the Trust Allocated Account by transferring gold and silver bars from its inventory and platinum and palladium plates and ingots from its inventory or the inventory of the Zurich Sub-Custodian to the Trust Allocated Account. The Custodian will use commercially reasonable efforts to complete the transfer of Bullion to the Trust Allocated Account prior to the time by which the Trustee is to credit the Basket to the Authorized Participant’s DTC account; if, however, such transfers have not been completed by such time, the number of Baskets ordered will be delivered against receipt of the Bullion deposit amount in the Trust Unallocated Account, and all Shareholders will be exposed to the risks of unallocated Bullion to the extent of that Bullion deposit amount until the Custodian completes the allocation process or a Zurich Sub-Custodian completes the allocation process for the Custodian. See “Risk Factors—Bullion held in the Trust’s unallocated Bullion account and any Authorized Participant’s unallocated Bullion account will not be segregated from the Custodian’s assets....”
Because gold and silver are allocated only in multiples of whole bars and platinum and palladium are only allocated in multiples of whole plates or ingots, the amount of Bullion allocated from the Trust Unallocated Account to the Trust Allocated Account may be less than the total fine ounces of Bullion credited to the Trust Unallocated Account. Any balance will be held in the Trust Unallocated Account. The Custodian uses commercially reasonable efforts to minimize the amount of Bullion held in the Trust Unallocated Account; no more than 430 troy ounces of gold (maximum weight to make one London Good Delivery Bar), no more than 1,100 troy ounces of silver (maximum weight to make one Silver Good Delivery Bar), no more than 192.904 troy ounces of platinum (maximum weight to make one Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot) and no more than 192.904 troy ounces of palladium (maximum weight to make one Good Delivery Palladium Plate or Ingot) is expected to be held in the Trust Unallocated Account at the close of each business day.
Rejection of purchase orders
The Trustee may reject a purchase order or a Creation Basket Deposit if such order or Creation Basket Deposit is not presented in proper form as described in the Authorized Participant Agreement or if the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of counsel, might be unlawful. None of the Trustee, the Sponsor or the Custodian will be liable for the rejection of any purchase order or Creation Basket Deposit.
Redemption Procedures
The procedures by which an Authorized Participant can redeem one or more Baskets will mirror the procedures for the creation of Baskets. On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Trustee to redeem one or more Baskets. Redemption orders must be placed no later than 3:59:59 p.m. on each business day the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading. In the event of a level 3 market-wide circuit breaker resulting in a trading halt for the remainder of the trading day, the time of the market-wide trading halt is considered the close of regular trading and no redemption orders for the current trade date will be accepted after that time (the “cutoff”). Orders placed after the cutoff will be deemed to be rejected and will not be processed. Orders should be placed in proper form on the following business day. A redemption order so received is effective on the date it is received in satisfactory form by the Trustee. The redemption procedures allow Authorized Participants to redeem Baskets and do not entitle an individual Shareholder to redeem any Shares in an amount less than a Basket, or to redeem Baskets other than through an Authorized Participant.
By placing a redemption order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the Baskets to be redeemed through DTC’s book entry system to the Trust not later than the second business day following the effective date of the redemption order. Prior to the delivery of the redemption distribution for a redemption order, the Authorized Participant must also have wired to the Trustee the non-refundable transaction fee due for the redemption order.
Determination of redemption distribution
The redemption distribution from the Trust consists of a credit to the redeeming Authorized Participant’s Authorized Participant Unallocated Account, either loco London or loco Zurich, representing the amount of the Bullion (in the specified proportion of gold, silver, platinum and palladium) held by the Trust evidenced by the Shares being redeemed. Fractions of a fine ounce of Bullion included in the redemption distribution smaller than 0.001 of a fine ounce are disregarded. Redemption distributions will be subject to the deduction of any applicable tax or other governmental charges which may be due.
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Delivery of redemption distribution
The redemption distribution due from the Trust will be delivered to the Authorized Participant on the second business day following a loco Zurich redemption order date if, by 10:00 a.m. New York time on such second business day, the Trustee’s DTC account has been credited with the Baskets to be redeemed. The redemption distribution due from the Trust will be delivered to the Authorized Participant on or before the fifth business day following a loco London redemption order date if, by 10:00 a.m. New York time on the second business day after the loco London redemption order date, the Trustee’s DTC account has been credited with the Baskets to be redeemed. If a loco swap or physical transfer is necessary to effect a loco London or loco Zurich redemption, the redemption distribution due from the Trust will be delivered to the Authorized Participant on or before the fifth business day following such a loco London or loco Zurich redemption order date if, by 10:00 a.m. New York time on the second business day after the loco London or loco Zurich redemption order date, the Trustee’s DTC account has been credited with the Baskets to be redeemed. In the event that, by 10:00 a.m. New York time on the second business day following the order date of a redemption order, the Trustee’s DTC account has not been credited with the total number of Shares corresponding to the total number of Baskets to be redeemed pursuant to such redemption order, the Trustee shall send to the Authorized Participant and the Custodian via fax or electronic mail message notice of such fact and the Authorized Participant shall have two business days following receipt of such notice to correct such failure. If such failure is not cured within such two business day period, the Trustee (in consultation with the Sponsor) will cancel such redemption order and will send via fax or electronic mail message notice of such cancellation to the Authorized Participant and the Custodian, and the Authorized Participant will be solely responsible for all costs incurred by the Trust, the Trustee or the Custodian related to the cancelled order. The Trustee is also authorized to deliver the redemption distribution notwithstanding that the Baskets to be redeemed are not credited to the Trustee’s DTC account by 10:00 a.m. New York time on the second business day following the redemption order date if the Authorized Participant has collateralized its obligation to deliver the Baskets through DTC’s book entry system on such terms as the Sponsor and the Trustee may from time to time agree upon.
The Custodian transfers the redemption Bullion amount from the Trust Allocated Account to the Trust Unallocated Account and, thereafter, to the redeeming Authorized Participant’s Authorized Participant Unallocated Account. The Authorized Participant and the Trust are each at risk in respect of Bullion credited to their respective unallocated accounts in the event of the Custodian’s insolvency. See “Risk Factors—Bullion held in the Trust’s unallocated platinum account and any Authorized Participant’s unallocated Bullion account is not segregated from the Custodian’s assets....”
As with the allocation of Bullion to the Trust Allocated Account which occurs upon a purchase order, if in transferring Bullion from the Trust Allocated Account to the Trust Unallocated Account in connection with a redemption order there is an excess amount of Bullion transferred to the Trust Unallocated Account, the excess over the Bullion redemption amount will be held in the Trust Unallocated Account. The Custodian uses commercially reasonable efforts to minimize the amount of Bullion held in the Trust Unallocated Account; no more than 430 ounces of gold (maximum weight to make one London Good Delivery Bar), no more than 1,100 ounces of silver (maximum weight to make one Silver Good Delivery Bar), no more than 192 ounces of platinum (maximum weight to make one Good Delivery Platinum Plate or Ingot) and no more than 192 ounces of palladium (maximum weight to make one Good Delivery Palladium Plate or Ingot) is expected to be held in the Trust Unallocated Account at the close of each business day.
Suspension or rejection of redemption orders
The Trustee may, in its discretion, and will when directed by the Sponsor, suspend the right of redemption, or postpone the redemption settlement date, (1) for any period during which the NYSE Arca is closed other than customary weekend or holiday closings, or trading on the NYSE Arca is suspended or restricted or (2) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which delivery, disposal or evaluation of Bullion is not reasonably practicable. None of the Sponsor, the Trustee or the Custodian are liable to any person or in any way for any loss or damages that may result from any such suspension or postponement.
The Trustee will reject a redemption order if the order is not in proper form as described in the Authorized Participant Agreement or if the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of its counsel, might be unlawful.
Creation and Redemption Transaction Fee
To compensate the Trustee for services in processing the creation and redemption of Baskets, an Authorized Participant is required to pay a transaction fee to the Trustee of $500 per order to create or redeem Baskets. An order may include multiple Baskets. The transaction fee may be reduced, increased or otherwise changed by the Trustee with the consent of the Sponsor. From time to time, the Trustee, with the consent of the Sponsor, may waive all or a portion of the applicable transaction fee. The Trustee shall notify DTC of any agreement to change the transaction fee and will not implement any increase in the fee for the redemption of Baskets until 30 days after the date of the notice.
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Tax Responsibility
Authorized Participants are responsible for any transfer tax, sales or use tax, recording tax, value added tax or similar tax or governmental charge applicable to the creation or redemption of Baskets, regardless of whether or not such tax or charge is imposed directly on the Authorized Participant, and agree to indemnify the Sponsor, the Trustee and the Trust if they are required by law to pay any such tax, together with any applicable penalties, additions to tax or interest thereon.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AGREEMENT
The Trust operates under the terms of the Trust Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2010 between the Sponsor and the Trustee. A copy of the Trust Agreement is available for inspection at the Trustee’s office. The following is a description of the material terms of the Trust Agreement.
The Sponsor
This section summarizes some of the important provisions of the Trust Agreement which apply to the Sponsor. For a general description of the Sponsor’s role concerning the Trust, see “The Sponsor—The Sponsor’s Role.”
Liability of the Sponsor and indemnification
The Sponsor will not be liable to the Trustee or any Shareholder for any action taken or for refraining from taking any action in good faith, or for errors in judgment or for depreciation or loss incurred by reason of the sale of any Bullion or other assets of the Trust. However, the preceding liability exclusion will not protect the Sponsor against any liability resulting from its own gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith in the performance of its duties.
The Sponsor and its members, managers, directors, officers, employees, affiliates (as such term is defined under the Securities Act) and subsidiaries shall be indemnified from the Trust and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred without (1) gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or willful malfeasance on the part of such indemnified party arising out of or in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement and under each other agreement entered into by the Sponsor in furtherance of the administration of the Trust (including, without limiting the scope of the foregoing, the Custody Agreements and any Authorized Participant Agreement) or any actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement or (2) reckless disregard on the part of such indemnified party of its obligations and duties under the Trust Agreement. Such indemnity shall include payment from the Trust of the costs and expenses incurred by such indemnified party in defending itself against any claim or liability in its capacity as Sponsor. Any amounts payable to an indemnified party may be payable in advance or shall be secured by a lien on the Trust. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, undertake any action which it may deem necessary or desirable in respect of the Trust Agreement and the interests of the Shareholders and, in such event, the legal expenses and costs of any such actions shall be expenses and costs of the Trust and the Sponsor shall be entitled to be reimbursed therefor by the Trust.
The Sponsor may rely on all information provided by the Trustee for securities filings, including a free writing prospectus or marketing materials. If such information is incorrect or omits material information and is the foundation for a claim against the Sponsor, the Sponsor may be entitled to indemnification from the Trust.
Successor sponsors
If the Sponsor is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Sponsor or of its property is appointed, or a trustee or liquidator or any public officer takes charge or control of the Sponsor or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, the Trustee may terminate and liquidate the Trust and distribute its remaining assets. The Trustee has no obligation to appoint a successor sponsor or to assume the duties of the Sponsor and will have no liability to any person because the Trust is or is not terminated as described in the preceding sentence.
The Trustee
This section summarizes some of the important provisions of the Trust Agreement which apply to the Trustee. For a general description of the Trustee’s role concerning the Trust, see “The Trustee—The Trustee’s Role.”
Qualifications of the Trustee
The Trustee and any successor trustee must be (1) a bank, trust company, corporation or national banking association organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or any of its states, and authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers; (2) a participant in DTC or such other securities depository as shall then be acting with respect to the Shares; and (3) unless counsel to the Sponsor, the appointment of which is acceptable to the Trustee, determines that such requirement is not necessary for the exception under section 408(m)(3)(B) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), to apply, a banking institution as defined in Code section 408(n). The Trustee and any successor trustee must have, at all times, an aggregate capital, surplus, and undivided profits of at least $150 million.
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General duty of care of Trustee
The Trustee is a fiduciary under the Trust Agreement; provided, however, that the fiduciary duties and responsibilities and liabilities of the Trustee are limited by, and are only those specifically set forth in, the Trust Agreement. For limitations of the fiduciary duties of the Trustee, see the limitations on liability set forth in “The Trustee—Limitation on Trustee’s liability” and “The Trustee—Trustee’s liability for custodial services and agents.”
Limitation on Trustee’s liability
The Trustee will not be liable for the disposition of Bullion or moneys, or in respect of any evaluation which it makes under the Trust Agreement or otherwise, or for any action taken or omitted or for any loss or injury resulting from its actions or its performance or lack of performance of its duties under the Trust Agreement in the absence of gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on its part. In no event will the Trustee be liable for acting in accordance with or conclusively relying upon any instruction, notice, demand, certificate or document (1) from the Sponsor or a Custodian or any entity acting on behalf of either which the Trustee believes is given as authorized by the Trust Agreement or a Custody Agreement, respectively; or (2) from or on behalf of any Authorized Participant which the Trustee believes is given pursuant to or is authorized by an Authorized Participant Agreement (provided that the Trustee has complied with the verification procedures specified in the Authorized Participant Agreement). In no event will the Trustee be liable for acting or omitting to act in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants or any other person believed by it in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information. In addition, the Trustee will not be liable for any delay in performance or for the non-performance of any of its obligations under the Trust Agreement by reason of causes beyond its reasonable control, including acts of God, war or terrorism. The Trustee will not be liable for any indirect, consequential, punitive or special damages, regardless of the form of action and whether or not any such damages were foreseeable or contemplated, or for an amount in excess of the value of the Trust’s assets.
Trustee’s liability for custodial services and agents
The Trustee will not be answerable for the default of the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodian, or any other custodian or sub- custodian of the Trust’s Bullion employed at the direction of the Sponsor or selected by the Trustee with reasonable care. The Trustee does not monitor the performance of the Custodian, the Zurich Sub-Custodians, or any other sub-custodian other than to review the reports provided by the Custodian pursuant to the Custody Agreements. The Trustee may also employ custodians for Trust assets other than Bullion, agents, attorneys, accountants, auditors and other professionals and shall not be answerable for the default or misconduct of any of them if they were selected with reasonable care. The fees and expenses charged by custodians for the custody of Bullion and related services, agents, attorneys, accountants, auditors or other professionals, and expenses reimbursable to any custodian under a custody agreement authorized by the Trust Agreement, exclusive of fees for services to be performed by the Trustee, are expenses of the Sponsor or the Trust. Fees paid for the custody of assets other than Bullion will be an expense of the Trustee.
Taxes
The Trustee will not be personally liable for any taxes or other governmental charges imposed upon the Bullion or its custody, moneys or other Trust assets, or on the income therefrom or the sale or proceeds of the sale thereof, or upon it as Trustee or upon or in respect of the Trust or the Shares which it may be required to pay under any present or future law of the United States of America or of any other taxing authority having jurisdiction in the premises. For all such taxes and charges and for any expenses, including counsel’s fees, which the Trustee may sustain or incur with respect to such taxes or charges, the Trustee will be reimbursed and indemnified out of the Trust’s assets and the payment of such amounts shall be secured by a lien on the Trust.
Indemnification of the Trustee
The Trustee, its directors, employees and agents shall be indemnified from the Trust and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense (including, but not limited to, the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) arising out of or in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement and under each other agreement entered into by the Trustee in furtherance of the administration of the Trust (including, without limiting the scope of the foregoing, the Custody Agreements and any Authorized Participant Agreement, including the Trustee’s indemnification obligations under these agreements) or by reason of the Trustee’s acceptance of the Trust incurred without (1) gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or willful malfeasance on the part of such indemnified party in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement or any such other agreement or any actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement or any such other agreement or (2) reckless disregard on the part of such indemnified party of its obligations and duties under the Trust Agreement or any such other agreement. Such indemnity shall include payment from the Trust of the costs and expenses incurred by such indemnified party in defending itself against any claim or liability in its capacity as Trustee. Any amounts payable to an indemnified party may be payable in advance or shall be secured by a lien on the Trust.
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Indemnity for actions taken to protect the Trust
The Trustee is under no obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action that in its opinion may involve it in expense or liability, unless it is furnished with reasonable security and indemnity against the expense or liability. The Trustee’s costs resulting from the Trustee’s appearance in, prosecution of or defense of any such action are deductible from and will constitute a lien against the Trust’s assets. Subject to the preceding conditions, the Trustee shall, in its discretion, undertake such action as it may deem necessary to protect the Trust and the rights and interests of all Shareholders pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement.
Protection for amounts due to Trustee
If any fees or costs owed to the Trustee under the Trust Agreement are not paid when due by the Sponsor, the Trustee may sell or otherwise dispose of any Trust assets (including Bullion) and pay itself from the proceeds provided, however, that the Trustee may not charge to the Trust unpaid fees owed to the Trustee by the Sponsor in excess of the fees payable to the Sponsor by the Trust without regard to any waiver by the Sponsor of its fees. As security for all obligations owed to the Trustee under the Trust Agreement, the Trustee is granted a continuing security interest in, and a lien on, the Trust’s assets and all Trust distributions.
Holding of Trust property other than Bullion
The Trustee holds and records the ownership of the Trust’s assets in a manner so that it is owned by the Trust and the Trustee as trustee thereof for the benefit of the Shareholders for the purposes of, and subject to and limited by the terms and conditions set forth in, the Trust Agreement. Other than issuance of the Shares, the Trust shall not issue or sell any certificates or other obligations or, except as provided in the Trust Agreement, otherwise incur, assume or guarantee any indebtedness for money borrowed.
All moneys held by the Trustee shall be held by it, without interest thereon or investment thereof, as a deposit for the account of the Trust. Such monies held shall be deemed segregated by maintaining such monies in an account or accounts for the exclusive benefit of the Trust. The Trustee may also employ custodians for Trust assets other than Bullion, agents, attorneys, accountants, auditors and other professionals and shall not be answerable for the default or misconduct of any such custodians, agents, attorneys, accountants, auditors and other professionals if such custodians, agents, attorneys, accountants, auditors or other professionals shall have been selected with reasonable care. Any Trust assets other than Bullion or cash are held by the Trustee either directly or through the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book Entry System for United States and federal agency securities (“Book Entry System”), DTC, or through any other clearing agency or similar system (“Clearing Agency”), if available. The Trustee will have no responsibility or liability for the actions or omissions of the Book Entry System, DTC or any Clearing Agency. The Trustee shall not be liable for ascertaining or acting upon any calls, conversions, exchange offers, tenders, interest rate changes, or similar matters relating to securities held at DTC.
Resignation, discharge or removal of Trustee; successor trustees
The Trustee may at any time resign as Trustee by written notice of its election so to do, delivered to the Sponsor, and such resignation shall take effect upon the appointment of a successor Trustee and its acceptance of such appointment.
The Sponsor may remove the Trustee in its discretion on the fifth anniversary of the date of the Trust Agreement by written notice delivered to the Trustee at least 90 days prior to such date or, thereafter, on the last day of any subsequent three-year period by written notice delivered to the Trustee at least 90 days prior to such date.
The Sponsor may also remove the Trustee at any time if the Trustee (1) ceases to be a Qualified Bank (as defined below), (2) is in material breach of its obligations under the Trust Agreement and fails to cure such breach within 30 days after receipt of written notice from the Sponsor or Shareholders acting on behalf of at least 25% of the outstanding Shares specifying such default and requiring the Trustee to cure such default, or (3) fails to consent to the implementation of an amendment to the Trust’s initial Internal Control Over Financial Reporting deemed necessary by the Sponsor and, after consultations with the Sponsor, the Sponsor and the Trustee fail to resolve their differences regarding such proposed amendment. Under such circumstances, the Sponsor, acting on behalf of the Shareholders, may remove the Trustee by written notice delivered to the Trustee and such removal shall take effect upon the appointment of a successor Trustee and its acceptance of such appointment.
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A “Qualified Bank” means a bank, trust company, corporation or national banking association organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or any State of the United States that is authorized under those laws to exercise corporate trust powers and that (1) is a DTC Participant or a participant in such other depository as is then acting with respect to the Shares; (2) unless counsel to the Sponsor, the appointment of which is acceptable to the Trustee, determines that the following requirement is not necessary for the exception under section 408(m) of the Code, to apply, is a banking institution as defined in section 408(n) of the Code and (3) had, as of the date of its most recent annual financial statements, an aggregate capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $150 million.
The Sponsor may also remove the Trustee at any time if the Trustee merges into, consolidates with or is converted into another corporation or entity in a transaction in which the Trustee is not the surviving entity. The surviving entity from such a transaction shall be the successor of the Trustee without the execution or filing of any document or any further act; however, during the 90-day period following the effectiveness of such transaction, the Sponsor may, by written notice to the Trustee, remove the Trustee and designate a successor Trustee.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed, the Sponsor, acting on behalf of the Shareholders, shall use its reasonable efforts to appoint a successor Trustee, which shall be a Qualified Bank. Every successor Trustee shall execute and deliver to its predecessor and to the Sponsor, acting on behalf of the Shareholders, an instrument in writing accepting its appointment, and thereupon such successor Trustee, without any further act or deed, shall become fully vested with all the rights, powers, duties and obligations of its predecessor; but such predecessor, nevertheless, upon payment of all sums due it and on the written request of the Sponsor, acting on behalf of the Shareholders, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor all rights and powers of such predecessor, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver all right, title and interest in the Trust’s assets to such successor, and shall deliver to such successor a list of the Shareholders of all outstanding Shares. The Sponsor or any such successor Trustee shall promptly mail notice of the appointment of such successor Trustee to the Shareholders.
If the Trustee resigns and no successor trustee is appointed within 60 days after the date the Trustee issues its notice of resignation, the Trustee will terminate and liquidate the Trust and distribute its remaining assets.
The Custodian and Custody of the Trust’s Bullion
This section summarizes some of the important provisions of the Trust Agreement which apply to the Custodian and the custody of the Trust’s Bullion. For a general description of the Custodian’s role, see “The Custodian—The Custodian’s Role.” For more information on the custody of the Trust’s Bullion, see “Custody of the Trust’s Bullion” and “Description of the Custody Agreements.”
The Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, entered into the Custody Agreements with the Custodian under which the Custodian maintains the Trust Allocated Account and the Trust Unallocated Account.
If upon the resignation of any custodian there would be no custodian acting pursuant to the Custody Agreements, the Trustee shall, promptly after receiving notice of such resignation, appoint a substitute custodian or custodians selected by the Sponsor pursuant to custody agreements approved by the Sponsor; provided, however, that the rights and duties of the Trustee under the Trust Agreement and such custody agreements shall not be materially altered without its consent. When directed by the Sponsor or if the Trustee in its discretion determines that it is in the best interest of the Shareholders to do so and with the written approval of the Sponsor (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), the Trustee shall appoint a substitute or additional custodian or custodians, which shall thereafter be one of the custodians under the Trust Agreement. The Trustee shall not enter into or amend any custody agreement with a custodian without the written approval of the Sponsor (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). When instructed by the Sponsor, the Trustee shall demand that a custodian of the Trust deliver such of the Trust’s Bullion held by it as is requested of it to any other custodian or such substitute or additional custodian or custodians directed by the Sponsor. Each such substitute or additional custodian shall, forthwith upon its appointment, enter into a custody agreement in form and substance approved by the Sponsor.
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The Sponsor will appoint accountants or other inspectors to monitor the accounts and operations of the Custodian and any successor custodian or additional custodian and for enforcing the obligations of each such custodian as is necessary to protect the Trust and the rights and interests of the Shareholders. The Trustee has no obligation to monitor the activities of any Custodian other than to receive and review such reports of the Bullion held for the Trust by such Custodian and of transactions in Bullion held for the account of the Trust made by such Custodian pursuant to the Custody Agreements. See “The Trustee—The Trustee’s Role” for a description of limitations on the ability of the Trustee to monitor the performance of the Custodian. In the event that the Sponsor determines that the maintenance of Bullion with a particular custodian is not in the best interests of the Shareholders, the Sponsor will direct the Trustee to initiate action to remove the Bullion from the custody of such custodian or take such other action as the Trustee determines appropriate to safeguard the interests of the Shareholders. The Trustee shall have no liability for any such action taken at the direction of the Sponsor or, in the absence of such direction, any action taken by it in good faith. The Trustee’s only contractual rights are to direct the Custodian pursuant to the Custody Agreements, and the Trustee has no contractual right or obligation to direct any Zurich Sub-Custodian.
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Valuation of Bullion, Definition of Net Asset Value and Adjusted Net Asset Value
On each day that the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading, as promptly as practicable after 4:00 p.m., New York time, on such day (“Evaluation Time”), the Trustee evaluates the Bullion held by the Trust and determines both the ANAV and the NAV of the Trust.
At the Evaluation Time, the Trustee will value the Trust’s Bullion on the basis of that day’s London Metal Price for such metal or, if no London Metal Price is made for a metal on such day or has not been announced by the Evaluation Time, the next most recent London Metal Price announced for such metal determined prior to the Evaluation Time will be used, unless the Sponsor determines that such price is inappropriate as a basis for evaluation. In the event the Sponsor determines that the applicable London Metal Price or such other publicly available price as the Sponsor may deem fairly represents the commercial value of the Trust’s Bullion metal is not an appropriate basis for evaluation of the Trust’s Bullion metal, it shall identify an alternative basis for such evaluation to be employed by the Trustee. Neither the Trustee nor the Sponsor shall be liable to any person for the determination that the London Metal Price or such other publicly available price is not appropriate as a basis for evaluation of the Trust’s Bullion or for any determination as to the alternative basis for such evaluation provided that such determination is made in good faith. See “Operation of the Bullion Markets” for a description of the London Metal Price for each Bullion metal.
Once the value of the Bullion has been determined, the Trustee subtracts all estimated accrued fees (other than the fees accruing for such day on which the valuation takes place computed by reference to the value of the Trust or its assets), expenses and other liabilities of the Trust from the total value of the Bullion and any other assets of the Trust. The resulting figure is the ANAV of the Trust. The ANAV of the Trust is used to compute the Sponsor’s Fee.
All fees accruing for the day on which the valuation takes place computed by reference to the value of the Trust or its assets are calculated using the ANAV calculated for such day on which the valuation takes place. The Trustee subtracts from the ANAV the amount of accrued fees so computed for such day and the resulting figure is the NAV of the Trust. The Trustee also determines the NAV per Share by dividing the NAV of the Trust by the number of the Shares outstanding as of the close of trading on the NYSE Arca (which includes the net number of any Shares created or redeemed on such evaluation day).
Any estimate of the accrued but unpaid fees, expenses and liabilities of the Trust for purposes of computing the NAV of the Trust and ANAV made by the Trustee in good faith shall be conclusive upon all persons interested in the Trust and no revision or correction in any computation made under the Trust Agreement will be required by reason of any difference in amounts estimated from those actually paid.
The Sponsor and the Shareholders may rely on any evaluation furnished by the Trustee, and the Sponsor has no responsibility for the evaluation’s accuracy. The determinations the Trustee makes will be made in good faith upon the basis of, and the Trustee will not be liable for any errors contained in, information reasonably available to it. The Trustee will not be liable to the Sponsor, DTC, Authorized Participants, the Shareholders or any other person for errors in judgment. However, the preceding liability exclusion will not protect the Trustee against any liability resulting from bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties.
Other Expenses
If at any time, other expenses are incurred outside the daily business of the Trust and the Sponsor’s Fee, the Trustee will at the direction of the Sponsor or in its own discretion sell the Trust’s Bullion as necessary to pay such expenses. The Trust shall not bear any expenses incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. These expenses shall be paid by the Sponsor.
Sales of Bullion
The Trustee will at the direction of the Sponsor or, in the absence of such direction, may, in its own discretion, sell the Trust’s Bullion as necessary to pay the Trust’s expenses not otherwise assumed by the Sponsor. The Trustee will not sell Bullion to pay the Sponsor’s Fee. The Sponsor’s Fee is paid through delivery of Bullion from the Trust Unallocated Account that had been de-allocated from the Trust Allocated Account for this purpose. When selling Bullion to pay other expenses, the Trustee is authorized to sell the smallest amounts of Bullion needed to pay expenses in order to minimize the Trust’s holdings of assets other than Bullion. The Trustee places orders with dealers (which may include the Custodian) as directed by the Sponsor or, in the absence of such direction, with dealers through which the Trustee may reasonably expect to obtain a favorable price and good execution of orders. The Custodian may be the purchaser of such Bullion at the price used by the Trustee to determine the value of the Trust’s Bullion on the date of sale. Neither the Trustee nor the Sponsor is liable for depreciation or loss incurred by reason of any sale. See “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of US Shareholders” for information on the tax treatment of Bullion sales.
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The Trustee will also sell the Trust’s Bullion if the Sponsor notifies the Trustee that sale is required by applicable law or regulation or in connection with the termination and liquidation of the Trust. The Trustee will not be liable or responsible in any way for depreciation or loss incurred by reason of any sale of Bullion directed by the Sponsor.
Any property received by the Trust other than Bullion, cash or an amount receivable in cash (such as, for example, an insurance claim) will be promptly sold or otherwise disposed of by the Trustee at the direction of the Sponsor.
Any disposition of Bullion by the Trustee to pay the Sponsor’s Fee, to pay other expenses of the Trust or for any other reason will be executed by the disposition of gold, silver, platinum and palladium in such proportions so as to ensure that the Bullion held by the Trust, if any, following such sale or sales is in the same ratio of metals as the Bullion required for a Creation Basket Deposit.
The Securities Depository; Book Entry-Only System; Global Security
DTC acts as securities depository for the Shares. DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities of DTC Participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions in such securities among the DTC Participants through electronic book-entry changes. This eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly. DTC is expected to agree with and represent to the DTC Participants that it will administer its book- entry system in accordance with its rules and by-laws and the requirements of law.
Individual certificates will not be issued for the Shares. Instead, one or more global certificates are signed by the Trustee on behalf of the Trust, registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC, and deposited with the Trustee on behalf of DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares outstanding at any time. The representations, undertakings and agreements made on the part of the Trust in the global certificates are made and intended for the purpose of binding only the Trust and not the Trustee or the Sponsor individually.
Upon the settlement date of any creation, transfer or redemption of Shares, DTC credits or debits, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the amount of the Shares so created, transferred or redeemed to the accounts of the appropriate DTC Participants. The Trustee and the Authorized Participants designate the accounts to be credited and charged in the case of creation or redemption of Shares.
Beneficial ownership of the Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Owners of beneficial interests in the Shares are shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants), the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants), and the records of Indirect Participants (with respect to Shareholders that are not DTC Participants or Indirect Participants). Shareholders are expected to receive from or through the DTC Participant maintaining the account through which the Shareholder has purchased their Shares a written confirmation relating to such purchase.
Shareholders that are not DTC Participants may transfer the Shares through DTC by instructing the DTC Participant or Indirect Participant through which the Shareholders hold their Shares to transfer the Shares. Shareholders that are DTC Participants may transfer the Shares by instructing DTC in accordance with the rules of DTC. Transfers are made in accordance with standard securities industry practice.
DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to Baskets and/or the Shares by giving notice to the Trustee and the Sponsor. Under such circumstances, the Sponsor will find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if a replacement is unavailable, the Trustee will terminate the Trust.
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The rights of the Shareholders generally must be exercised by DTC Participants acting on their behalf in accordance with the rules and procedures of DTC. Because the Shares can only be held in book-entry form through DTC and DTC Participants, investors must rely on DTC, DTC Participants and any other financial intermediary through which they hold the Shares to receive the benefits and exercise the rights described in this section. Investors should consult with their broker or financial institution to find out about procedures and requirements for securities held in book-entry form through DTC.
Share Splits
If the Sponsor believes that the per Share price in the secondary market for Shares has fallen outside a desirable trading price range, the Sponsor may direct the Trustee to declare a split or reverse split in the number of Shares outstanding and to make a corresponding change in the number of Shares constituting a Basket.
Books and Records
The Trustee will keep proper books of record and account of the Trust at its office located in New York or such office as it may subsequently designate. These books of record are open to inspection by any person who establishes to the Trustee’s satisfaction that such person is a Shareholder at all reasonable times during the usual business hours of the Trustee.
The Trustee will keep a copy of the Trust Agreement on file in its office which is available for inspection at all reasonable times during its usual business hours by any Shareholder.
Statements, Filings and Reports
After the end of each fiscal year, the Sponsor causes to be prepared an annual report for the Trust containing audited financial statements. The annual report is in such form and contains such information as is required by applicable laws, rules and regulations and may contain such additional information which the Sponsor determines shall be included. The annual report shall be filed with the SEC and the NYSE Arca and shall be distributed to such persons and in such manner, as shall be required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.
The Sponsor is responsible for the registration and qualification of the Shares under the federal securities laws and any other securities and blue sky laws of the US or any other jurisdiction as the Sponsor may select. The Sponsor will also prepare, or cause to be prepared, and file any periodic reports or updates required under the Exchange Act. The Trustee will assist and support the Sponsor in the preparation of such reports.
The accounts of the Trust are audited, as required by law and as may be directed by the Sponsor, by independent registered public accountants designated from time to time by the Sponsor. The accountant’s report will be furnished by the Trustee to Shareholders upon request.
The Trustee will make such elections, file such tax returns, and prepare, disseminate and file such tax reports, as it is advised to by its counsel or accountants or as required from time to time by any applicable statute, rule or regulation.
Fiscal Year
The fiscal year of the Trust is the 12 month period ending December 31 of each year. The Sponsor may select an alternate fiscal year.
Termination of the Trust
The Trustee will set a date on which the Trust shall terminate and mail notice of the termination to the Shareholders at least 30 days prior to the date set for termination if any of the following occurs:
| • | The Trustee is notified that the Shares are delisted from the NYSE Arca and are not approved for listing on another national securities exchange within five business days of their delisting; |
| • | Shareholders acting in respect of at least 75% of the outstanding Shares notify the Trustee that they elect to terminate the Trust; |
| • | 60 days have elapsed since the Trustee notified the Sponsor of the Trustee’s election to resign and a successor trustee has not been appointed and accepted its appointment; |
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| • | the SEC determines that the Trust is an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Trustee has actual knowledge of such SEC determination; |
| • | the aggregate market capitalization of the Trust, based on the closing price for the Shares, was less than $350 million (as adjusted for inflation) at any time after the first anniversary after the Trust’s formation and the Trustee receives, within six months after the last of those trading days, notice from the Sponsor of its decision to terminate the Trust; |
| • | the CFTC determines that the Trust is a commodity pool under the CEA and the Trustee has actual knowledge of that determination; |
| • | the Trust fails to qualify for treatment, or ceases to be treated, for US federal income tax purposes, as a grantor trust, and the Trustee receives notice from the Sponsor that the Sponsor determines that, because of that tax treatment or change in tax treatment, termination of the Trust is advisable; |
| • | 60 days have elapsed since DTC ceases to act as depository with respect to the Shares and the Sponsor has not identified another depository which is willing to act in such capacity; or |
| • | the Trustee elects to terminate the Trust after the Sponsor is deemed conclusively to have resigned effective immediately as a result of the Sponsor being adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Sponsor or of its property being appointed, or a trustee or liquidator or any public officer taking charge or control of the Sponsor or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation. |
On and after the date of termination of the Trust, the Shareholders will, upon (1) surrender of Shares then held, (2) payment of the fee of the Trustee for the surrender of Shares, and (3) payment of any applicable taxes or other governmental charges, be entitled to delivery of the amount of Trust assets represented by those Shares. The Trustee shall not accept any deposits of Bullion after the date of termination. If any Shares remain outstanding after the date of termination, the Trustee thereafter shall discontinue the registration of transfers of Shares, shall not make any distributions to Shareholders, and shall not give any further notices or perform any further acts under the Trust Agreement, except that the Trustee will continue to collect distributions pertaining to Trust assets and hold the same uninvested and without liability for interest, pay the Trust’s expenses and sell Bullion as necessary to meet those expenses and will continue to deliver Trust assets, together with any distributions received with respect thereto and the net proceeds of the sale of any other property, in exchange for Shares surrendered to the Trustee (after deducting or upon payment of, in each case, the fee of the Trustee for the surrender of Shares, any expenses for the account of the Shareholders in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Trust Agreement, and any applicable taxes or other governmental charges).
At any time after the expiration of 90 days following the date of termination of the Trust, the Trustee may sell the Trust assets then held under the Trust Agreement and may thereafter hold the net proceeds of any such sale, together with any other cash then held by the Trustee under the Trust Agreement, without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the Shareholders that have not theretofore surrendered their Shares. After making such sale, the Trustee shall be discharged from all obligations under the Trust Agreement, except to account for such net proceeds and other cash (after deducting, in each case, any fees, expenses, taxes or other governmental charges payable by the Trust, the fee of the Trustee for the surrender of Shares and any expenses for the account of the Shareholders in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Trust Agreement, and any applicable taxes or other governmental charges). Upon the termination of the Trust, the Sponsor shall be discharged from all obligations under the Trust Agreement except for its certain obligations to the Trustee that survive termination of the Trust Agreement.
Amendments
The Trustee and the Sponsor may amend any provisions of the Trust Agreement without the consent of any Shareholder. Any amendment that imposes or increases any fees or charges (other than taxes and other governmental charges, registration fees or other such expenses), or that otherwise prejudices any substantial existing right of the Shareholders will not become effective as to outstanding Shares until 30 days after notice of such amendment is given to the Shareholders. Amendments to allow redemption for quantities of Bullion smaller or larger than a Basket or to allow for the sale of Bullion to pay cash proceeds upon redemption shall not require notice pursuant to the preceding sentence. Every Shareholder, at the time any amendment so becomes effective, shall be deemed, by continuing to hold any Shares or an interest therein, to consent and agree to such amendment and to be bound by the Trust Agreement as amended thereby. In no event shall any amendment impair the right of the Shareholder to surrender Baskets and receive therefor the amount of Trust assets represented thereby, except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law.
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On September 20, 2018, the Sponsor entered into an amendment to the Trust Agreement with the Trustee (the “DTA Amendment”), effective as of October 1, 2018. The DTA Amendment reflects the changed name of the Trust from ETFS Precious Metals Basket Trust to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, the changed name of the Shares from ETFS Physical PM Basket Shares to Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF, and the changed name of the Sponsor from ETF Securities USA LLC to Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC. No other material changes to the Trust Agreement were made in connection with the DTA Amendment.
Governing Law; Consent to New York Jurisdiction
The Trust Agreement, and the rights of the Sponsor, the Trustee, DTC (as registered owner of the Trust’s global certificates for Shares) and the Shareholders under the Trust Agreement, are governed by the laws of the State of New York. The Sponsor, the Trustee and each Authorized Participant by its delivery of an Authorized Participant Agreement and each Shareholder by accepting a Share, consents to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York and any federal courts located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Such consent in not required for any person to assert a claim of New York jurisdiction over the Sponsor or the Trustee.
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following discussion of the material US federal income tax consequences that generally applies to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares by a US Shareholder, and certain US federal income tax consequences that may apply to an investment in Shares by a Non-US Shareholder (as defined below). The discussion represents, insofar as it describes conclusions as to US federal income tax law and subject to the limitations and qualifications described below, the opinion of Dechert LLP, counsel to the Sponsor and special US tax counsel to the Trust. An opinion of counsel, however, is not binding on the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or on the courts, and does not preclude the IRS from taking a contrary position. The discussion below is based on the Code, United States Treasury Regulations (“Treasury Regulations”) promulgated under the Code and judicial and administrative interpretations of the Code, all as in effect on the date of this prospectus and all of which are subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. The tax treatment of Shareholders may vary depending upon their own particular circumstances. Certain Shareholders (including broker-dealers, traders, banks and other financial institutions, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, tax-exempt entities, Shareholders whose functional currency is not the US dollar or other investors with special circumstances) may be subject to special rules not discussed below. In addition, the following discussion applies only to investors who hold Shares as “capital assets” within the meaning of Code section 1221 and not as part of a straddle, hedging transaction or a conversion or constructive sale transaction. Moreover, the discussion below does not address the effect of any state, local or foreign tax law or any transfer tax on an owner of Shares. Purchasers of Shares are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to all federal, state, local and foreign tax law or any transfer tax considerations potentially applicable to their investment in Shares.
For purposes of this discussion, a “US Shareholder” is a Shareholder that is:
| ● | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for US federal tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; |
| ● | an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for US federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or |
| ● | a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more US persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. |
A Shareholder that is not a US Shareholder (other than a partnership, or an entity treated as a partnership for US federal tax purposes) generally is considered a “Non-US Shareholder” for purposes of this discussion. For US federal income tax purposes, the treatment of any beneficial owner of an interest in a partnership, including any entity treated as a partnership for US federal income tax purposes, generally depends upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. Partnerships and partners in partnerships should consult their tax advisors about the US federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of Shares.
Taxation of the Trust
The Trust is classified as a “grantor trust” for US federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Trust itself is not subject to US federal income tax. Instead, the Trust’s income and expenses “flow through” to the Shareholders, and the Trustee reports the Trust’s income, gains, losses and deductions to the IRS on that basis.
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Taxation of US Shareholders
Shareholders generally are treated, for US federal income tax purposes, as if they directly owned a pro rata share of the underlying assets held by the Trust. Shareholders are also treated as if they directly received their respective pro rata share of the Trust’s income, if any, and as if they directly incurred their respective pro rata share of the Trust’s expenses. In the case of a Shareholder that purchases Shares for cash, its initial tax basis in its pro rata share of the assets held by the Trust at the time it acquires its Shares is equal to its cost of acquiring the Shares. In the case of a Shareholder that acquires its Shares as part of a creation of a Basket, the delivery of bullion to the Trust in exchange for the Shares is not a taxable event to the Shareholder, and the Shareholder’s tax basis and holding period for the Shares are the same as its tax basis and holding period for the bullion delivered in exchange therefor (except to the extent of any cash contributed for such Shares). For purposes of this discussion, it is assumed that all of a Shareholder’s Shares are acquired on the same date and at the same price per Share. Shareholders that hold multiple lots of Shares, or that are contemplating acquiring multiple lots of Shares, should consult their tax advisors.
When the Trust sells or transfers precious metal, for example to pay expenses, a Shareholder generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between (1) the Shareholder’s pro rata share of the amount realized by the Trust upon the sale or transfer and (2) the Shareholder’s tax basis for its pro rata share of the precious metal that was sold or transferred. Such gain or loss will generally be long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending upon whether the Shareholder has a holding period in its Shares of longer than one year. A Shareholder’s tax basis for its Shares generally will be determined by multiplying the Shareholder’s total basis for its share of all of the precious metal held in the Trust immediately prior to the sale, by a fraction the numerator of which is the amount of precious metal sold, and the denominator of which is the total amount of the precious metal held in the Trust immediately prior to the sale. After any such sale, a Shareholder’s tax basis for its pro rata share of the precious metal remaining in the Trust will be equal to its tax basis for its Shares immediately prior to the sale, less the portion of such basis allocable to its share of the precious metal that was sold.
Upon a Shareholder’s sale of some or all of its Shares, the Shareholder will be treated as having sold a pro rata share of the precious metal held in the Trust at the time of the sale. Accordingly, the Shareholder generally will recognize gain or loss on the sale in an amount equal to the difference between (1) the amount realized pursuant to the sale of the Shares, and (2) the Shareholder’s tax basis for the Shares sold, as determined in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.
A redemption of some or all of a Shareholder’s Shares in exchange for the underlying precious metal represented by the Shares redeemed generally will not be a taxable event to the Shareholder. The Shareholder’s tax basis for the precious metal received in the redemption generally will be the same as the Shareholder’s tax basis for the Shares redeemed. The Shareholder’s holding period with respect to the precious metal received should include the period during which the Shareholder held the Shares redeemed. A subsequent sale of the precious metal received by the Shareholder will be a taxable event.
An Authorized Participant and other investors may be able to re-invest, on a tax-deferred basis, in-kind redemption proceeds received from exchange-traded products that are substantially similar to the Trust in the Trust’s Shares. Authorized Participants and other investors should consult their tax advisors as to whether and under what circumstances the reinvestment in the Shares of proceeds from substantially similar exchange-traded products can be accomplished on a tax-deferred basis.
Under current law, gains recognized by individuals, estates or trusts from the sale of “collectibles,” including precious metal bullion, held for more than one year are taxed at a maximum federal income tax rate of 28%, rather than the 20% rate applicable to most other long-term capital gains. For these purposes, gains recognized by an individual upon the sale of Shares held for more than one year, or attributable to the Trust’s sale of any precious metal bullion which the Shareholder is treated (through its ownership of Shares) as having held for more than one year, generally will be taxed at a maximum rate of 28%. The tax rates for capital gains recognized upon the sale of assets held by an individual US Shareholder for one year or less or by a corporate taxpayer are generally the same as those at which ordinary income is taxed.
In addition, high-income individuals and certain trusts and estates are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax that is imposed on net investment income and gain. Shareholders should consult their tax advisor regarding this tax.
Brokerage Fees and Trust Expenses
Any brokerage or other transaction fees incurred by a Shareholder in purchasing Shares is treated as part of the Shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares. Similarly, any brokerage fee incurred by a Shareholder in selling Shares reduces the amount realized by the Shareholder with respect to the sale.
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Shareholders will be required to recognize a gain or loss upon a sale of precious metal by the Trust (as discussed above), even though some or all of the proceeds of such sale are used by the Trustee to pay Trust expenses. Shareholders may deduct their respective pro rata share of each expense incurred by the Trust to the same extent as if they directly incurred the expense. Shareholders who are individuals, estates or trusts, however, may be required to treat some or all of the expenses of the Trust, to the extent that such expenses may be deducted, as miscellaneous itemized deductions. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), miscellaneous itemized deductions, including expenses for the production of income, will not be deductible for either regular federal income tax or alternative minimum tax purposes for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026.
Investment by Regulated Investment Companies
Mutual funds and other investment vehicles which are “regulated investment companies” within the meaning of Code section 851 should consult with their tax advisors concerning (1) the likelihood that an investment in Shares, although they are a “security” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, may be considered an investment in the underlying bullion for purposes of Code section 851(b), and (2) the extent to which an investment in Shares might nevertheless be consistent with preservation of their qualification under Code section 851. In recent administrative guidance, the IRS stated that it will no longer issue rulings under Code section 851(b) relating to the determination of whether or not an instrument or position is a “security”, but, instead, intends to defer to guidance from the SEC for such determination.
United States Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax for US and Non-US Shareholders
The Trustee or the appropriate broker will file certain information returns with the IRS, and provides certain tax-related information to Shareholders, in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations. Each Shareholder will be provided with information regarding its allocable portion of the Trust’s annual income (if any) and expenses.
A US Shareholder may be subject to US backup withholding tax in certain circumstances unless it provides its taxpayer identification number and complies with certain certification procedures. Non-US Shareholders may have to comply with certification procedures to establish that they are not a US person in order to avoid the backup withholding tax.
The amount of any backup withholding tax will be allowed as a credit against a Shareholder’s US federal income tax liability and may entitle such a Shareholder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Income Taxation of Non-US Shareholders
The Trust does not expect to generate taxable income except for gains (if any) upon the sale of precious metal. A Non-US Shareholder generally is not subject to US federal income tax with respect to gains recognized upon the sale or other disposition of Shares, or upon the sale of precious metal by the Trust, unless (1) the Non-US Shareholder is an individual and is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the sale or other disposition, and the gain is treated as being from United States sources; or (2) the gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-US Shareholder of a trade or business in the United States.
Taxation in Jurisdictions other than the United States
Prospective purchasers of Shares that are based in or acting out of a jurisdiction other than the United States are advised to consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences, under the laws of such jurisdiction (or any other jurisdiction not being the United States to which they are subject), of their purchase, holding, sale and redemption of or any other dealing in Shares and, in particular, as to whether any value added tax, other consumption tax or transfer tax is payable in relation to such purchase, holding, sale, redemption or other dealing.
ERISA AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and/or Code section 4975 impose certain requirements on certain employee benefit plans and certain other plans and arrangements, including individual retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans, and certain commingled investment vehicles or insurance company general or separate accounts in which such plans or arrangements are invested (collectively, “Plans”), and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to the investment of “plan assets” of a Plan. Government plans and some church plans are not subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or the provisions of section 4975 of the Code, but may be subject to substantially similar rules under other federal law, or under state or local law (“Other Law”).
In contemplating an investment of a portion of Plan assets in Shares, the Plan fiduciary responsible for making such investment should carefully consider, taking into account the facts and circumstances of the Plan and the “Risk Factors” discussed above and whether such investment is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities under ERISA or Other Law, including, but not limited to: (1) whether the investment is permitted under the plan’s governing documents, (2) whether the fiduciary has the authority to make the investment, (3) whether the investment is consistent with the plan’s funding objectives, (4) the tax effects of the investment on the Plan, and (5) whether the investment is prudent considering the factors discussed in this prospectus. In addition, ERISA and Code section 4975 prohibit a broad range of transactions involving assets of a plan and persons who are “parties in interest” under ERISA or “disqualified persons” under section 4975 of the Code. A violation of these rules may result in the imposition of significant excise taxes and other liabilities. Plans subject to Other Law may be subject to similar restrictions.
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It is anticipated that the Shares will constitute “publicly offered securities” as defined in the Department of Labor “Plan Asset Regulations,” §2510.3-101 (b)(2) as modified by section 3(42) of ERISA. Accordingly, pursuant to the Plan Asset Regulations, only Shares purchased by a Plan, and not an interest in the underlying assets held in the Trust, should be treated as assets of the Plan, for purposes of applying the “fiduciary responsibility” rules of ERISA and the “prohibited transaction” rules of ERISA and the Code. Fiduciaries of plans subject to Other Law should consult legal counsel to determine whether there would be a similar result under the Other Law.
Investment by Certain Retirement Plans
Code section 408(m) provides that the acquisition of a “collectible” by an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or a participant-directed account maintained under any plan that is tax-qualified under Code section 401(a) (“Tax Qualified Account”) is treated as a taxable distribution from the account to the owner of the IRA, or to the participant for whom the Tax Qualified Account is maintained, of an amount equal to the cost to the account of acquiring the collectible. The term “collectible” is defined to include, with certain exceptions, “any metal or gem”. The IRS has issued several private letter rulings to the effect that a purchase by an IRA, or by a participant-directed account under a Code section 401(a) plan, of publicly-traded shares in a trust holding precious metals will not be treated as resulting in a taxable distribution to the IRA owner or Tax Qualified Account participant under Code section 408(m). However the private letter rulings provide that, if any of the Shares so purchased are distributed from the IRA or Tax Qualified Account to the IRA owner or Tax Qualified Account participant, or if any precious metal is received by such IRA or Tax Qualified Account upon the redemption of any of the Shares purchased by it, the Shares or precious metal so distributed will be subject to federal income tax in the year of distribution, to the extent provided under the applicable provisions of Code sections 408(d), 408(m) or 402. Accordingly, potential IRA or Tax Qualified Account investors are urged to consult with their own professional advisors concerning the treatment of an investment in Shares under Code section 408(m).
The Trust issues Shares in Baskets to Authorized Participants in exchange for deposits of Bullion on a continuous basis. The Trust does not issue fractions of a Basket. Because new Shares can be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during the life of the Trust, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, will be occurring. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some of their activities will result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which would render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus-delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client will be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases a Basket from the Trust, breaks the Basket down into the constituent Shares and sells the Shares directly to its customers; or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for the Shares. A determination of whether a particular market participant is an underwriter must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to designation as an underwriter.
Investors that purchase Shares through a commission/fee-based brokerage account may pay commissions/fees charged by the brokerage account. We recommend that investors review the terms of their brokerage accounts for details on applicable charges.
Dealers that are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus-delivery exemption provided by section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
The Sponsor intends to qualify the Shares in states selected by the Sponsor and that sales be made through broker-dealers who are members of FINRA. Investors intending to create or redeem Baskets through Authorized Participants in transactions not involving a broker-dealer registered in such investor’s state of domicile or residence should consult their legal advisor regarding applicable broker-dealer or securities regulatory requirements under the state securities laws prior to such creation or redemption.
The offering of Baskets is being made in compliance with applicable rules of FINRA. The Authorized Participants will not receive from the Trust or the Sponsor any compensation in connection with an offering of the Shares. Accordingly, there is, and will be, no payment of underwriting compensation in connection with any such offering of Shares in excess of 10% of the gross proceeds of the offering.
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Pursuant to a Marketing Agent Agreement (“Agent Agreement”) between ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Marketing Agent”) and the Sponsor, the Marketing Agent provides marketing services under contract to the Sponsor and is paid by the Sponsor a certain amount per annum, plus any fees or disbursements incurred by the Marketing Agent in connection with marketing of the Trust and its Shares. The Trust is not responsible for the payment of any amounts to the Marketing Agent. The Sponsor and its parent, ASII, are solely responsible for the payment of the amounts due to the Marketing Agent under the Agent Agreement.
On September 20, 2018, the Agent Agreement was novated from ETF Securities (US) LLC to the Sponsor and amended (the “Agent Agreement Novation and Amendment”), effective as of October 1, 2018. The Agent Agreement Novation and Amendment reflects the changed name of the Trust from ETFS Precious Metals Basket Trust to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, the changed name of the Shares from ETFS Physical PM Basket Shares to Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF, and the changed name of the Sponsor from ETF Securities USA LLC to Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC. No other material changes to the Agent Agreement were made in connection with the Agent Agreement Novation and Amendment.
See “Creation and Redemption of Shares” for additional information about the Trust’s procedures for issuance of Shares in Baskets.
Under the Agent Agreement, the Marketing Agent provides the following services to the Sponsor:
| • | Review marketing related legal documents and contracts; | |
| • | Consult with the Sponsor on the development of FINRA-compliant marketing campaigns; | |
| • | Consult with the Trust’s legal counsel on free-writing prospectus materials and disclosures in all marketing materials; | |
| • | Review and file with FINRA marketing materials that are not free-writing prospectus materials; | |
| • | Register and oversee supervisory activities of FINRA-licensed personnel; and | |
| • | Maintain books and records related to the services provided. | |
| The Shares trade on the NYSE Arca under the symbol “GLTR.” | ||
The validity of the Shares has been passed upon for the Sponsor by Dechert LLP, Washington, DC, who, as special US tax counsel to the Trust, also rendered an opinion regarding the material US federal income tax consequences relating to the Shares.
LBMA Gold Price and LBMA Silver Price
All references to LBMA Gold Price and LBMA Silver Price are used with the permission of IBA and have been provided for information purposes only. IBA accepts no liability or responsibility for the accuracy of the prices or the underlying product to which the prices may be referenced.
THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE, WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED AND PUBLISHED BY IBA, SERVES AS, OR AS PART OF, AN INPUT OR UNDERLYING REFERENCE FOR THE TRUST.
EACH OF THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE IS A TRADE MARK OF PRECIOUS METALS PRICES LIMITED, AND IS LICENSED TO IBA AS THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE. IBA IS A TRADE MARK OF IBA AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES. THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AM, LBMA GOLD PRICE PM, LBMA SILVER PRICE AND THE TRADE MARKS LBMA GOLD PRICE, LBMA SILVER PRICE AND IBA, ARE USED BY THE SPONSOR WITH PERMISSION UNDER LICENCE BY IBA.
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IBA AND ITS AFFILIATES MAKE NO CLAIM, PREDICATION, WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM ANY USE OF THE LBMA GOLD PRICE, THE LBMA SILVER PRICE, OR THE APPROPRIATENESS OR SUITABILITY OF THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE TO WHICH IT MIGHT BE PUT, INCLUDING WITH RESPECT TO THE TRUST. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ALL IMPLIED TERMS, CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, AS TO QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PURPOSE, TITLE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, IN RELATION TO THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED, AND NONE OF IBA OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES WILL BE LIABLE IN CONTRACT OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), FOR BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY OR NUISANCE, OR UNDER ANTITRUST LAWS OR OTHERWISE, IN RESPECT OF ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS, OMISSIONS, DELAYS, FAILURES, CESSATIONS OR CHANGES (MATERIAL OR OTHERWISE) IN THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE, OR FOR ANY DAMAGE, EXPENSE OR OTHER LOSS (WHETHER DIRECT OR INDIRECT) YOU MAY SUFFER ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE LBMA GOLD PRICE AND LBMA SILVER PRICE OR ANY RELIANCE YOU MAY PLACE UPON IT.
The financial statements of the Trust as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 have been incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
At the time of the Trust’s inception, the Sponsor determined that the Trust was not an investment company within the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Codification of Accounting Standards, Topic 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies (“Topic 946”). Consequently, the Trust did not prepare the disclosures applicable to investment companies under Topic 946, including the presentation of its Bullion assets at “fair value” as defined in Topic 946. Instead, the Trust valued its Bullion assets at the lower of cost or fair value in accordance with ASC 330, Inventory and ASC 270, Interim Reporting.
Following the release of FASB Accounting Standards Update ASU 2013-08, Financial Services—Investments Companies (Topic 946): Amendments to the Scope, Measurement and Disclosure Requirements, the Sponsor re-evaluated whether the Trust met the revised definition of an investment company and has concluded that for reporting purposes, the Trust is classified as an investment company. The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not required to register under such act.
As a result of the change in the evaluation of investment company status, the Trust has, from January 1, 2014, presented its Bullion assets at “fair value” as defined in FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS
This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed by the Sponsor with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933. As permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, this prospectus does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information about the Trust and about the securities offered hereby, you should consult the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. You should be aware that statements contained in this prospectus concerning the provisions of any documents filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such document as so filed.
The SEC allows the “incorporation by reference” of information into this prospectus, which means that information may be disclosed to you by referring you to other documents filed or which will be filed with the SEC. The following documents filed or to be filed by the Trust are so incorporated by reference:
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In addition, unless otherwise provided therein, any reports filed by the Trust with the SEC pursuant to section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 after the initial filing date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and before the termination or completion of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to be a part of it from the filing dates of such documents and shall automatically update or replace, as applicable, any information included in, or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Certain statements in and portions of this prospectus update, modify, or replace information in the above listed documents incorporated by reference. Likewise, statements in or portions of a future document incorporated by reference in this prospectus may update, modify or replace statements in and portions of this prospectus or the above listed documents.
The Trust posts on its website (www.abrdn.com/usa/etf) its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. The Trust’s website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus. The Trust will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any and all reports or documents that have been incorporated by reference in the prospectus but which are not delivered with the prospectus; copies of any of these documents may be obtained free of charge through the Trust’s website or by contacting the Trust, c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, NY 10019, or by calling 844-383-7289.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized any person to provide you with different information or to make any representation not contained in this prospectus.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
The Sponsor has filed on behalf of the Trust a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement (including the exhibits to the registration statement), parts of which have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about the Trust or the Shares, please refer to the registration statement.
Information about the Trust and the Shares can also be obtained from the Trust’s website. The internet address of the Trust’s website is www.abrdn.com/usa/etf. This internet address is only provided here as a convenience to you to allow you to access the Trust’s website, and the information contained on or connected to the Trust’s website is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is part.
The Trust is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, will file quarterly and annual reports and other information with the SEC.
The SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
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 |
| PROSPECTUS |
Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust
Shares of Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals
Basket Shares ETF
| January 7, 2022 |
PART II—INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |||||
| Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution | II-2 | ||||
| Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers | II-2 | ||||
| Item 16. Exhibits | II-3 | ||||
| Item 17. Undertakings | II-4 | ||||
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Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The Registrant (“Registrant” or “Trust”) shall not bear any expenses incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. These expenses shall be paid by Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, the sponsor of the Registrant (“Sponsor”).
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 5.6(a) of the Registrant’s Depositary Trust Agreement (“Trust Agreement”) between The Bank of New York Mellon, the Registrant’s Trustee (“Trustee”), and the Sponsor provides that the Trustee, its directors, employees and agents (each a “Trustee Indemnified Party”) shall be indemnified from the Trust and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense (including, but not limited to, the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) arising out of or in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement and under each other agreement entered into by the Trustee in furtherance of the administration of the Trust (including, without limiting the scope of the foregoing, the Trust’s custody agreements and authorized participant agreements to which the Trustee is a party, including the Trustee’s indemnification obligations thereunder) or by reason of the Trustee’s acceptance of the Trust incurred without (1) gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or willful malfeasance on the part of such Trustee Indemnified Party in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement or any such other agreement or any actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement or any such other agreement or (2) reckless disregard on the part of such Trustee Indemnified Party of its obligations and duties under the Trust Agreement or any such other agreement. Such indemnity shall include payment from the Trust of the costs and expenses incurred by such Trustee Indemnified Party in defending itself against any claim or liability in its capacity as Trustee. Any amounts payable to a Trustee Indemnified Party under section 5.6(a) of the Trust Agreement may be payable in advance or shall be secured by a lien on the Trust.
Section 5.6(b) of the Trust Agreement provides that the Sponsor and its members, managers, directors, officers, employees, affiliates (as such term is defined under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”)) and subsidiaries (each a “Sponsor Indemnified Party”) shall be indemnified from the Trust and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred without (1) gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or willful malfeasance on the part of such Sponsor Indemnified Party arising out of or in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement and under each other agreement entered into by the Sponsor, in furtherance of the administration of the Trust (including, without limiting the scope of the foregoing, the Trust’s custody agreements and authorized participant agreements to which the Sponsor is a party) or any actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement or (2) reckless disregard on the part of such Sponsor Indemnified Party of its obligations and duties under the Trust Agreement. Such indemnity shall include payment from the Trust of the costs and expenses incurred by such Sponsor Indemnified Party in defending itself against any claim or liability in its capacity as Sponsor. Any amounts payable to a Sponsor Indemnified Party under section 5.6(b) of the Trust Agreement may be payable in advance or shall be secured by a lien on the Trust. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, undertake any action which it may deem necessary or desirable in respect of the Trust Agreement and the rights and duties of the parties hereto and the interests of the shareholders of the Trust and, in such event, the legal expenses and costs of any such actions shall be expenses and costs of the Trust and the Sponsor shall be entitled to be reimbursed therefor by the Trust.
The indemnities provided by section 5.6 of the Trust Agreement shall survive notwithstanding any termination of the Trust Agreement and the Trust or the resignation or removal of the Trustee or the Sponsor, respectively.
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(a) The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein:
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The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(a)(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-1, Form S-3, Form SF-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or, as to a registration statement on Form S-3, Form SF-3 or Form F-3, is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424 (b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(A) Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance or Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchase with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
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(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(b) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X is not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Philadelphia, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on January 7, 2022.
| ABERDEEN STANDARD INVESTMENTS ETFs SPONSOR LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Steven Dunn | ||
| Steven
Dunn President and Chief Executive Officer | |||
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes Steven Dunn and Andrea Melia, and each of them singly, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact with full power to sign on behalf of such person, in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to this registration statement and any subsequent related registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, and generally to do all such things in the name and on behalf of such person, in the capacities indicated below, to enable the Registrant to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, hereby ratifying and confirming the signature of such person as it may be signed by said attorneys-in-fact, or any of them, on any and all amendments to this registration statement or any such subsequent related registration statement.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities* and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Capacity | Date | ||||||
| /s/ Steven Dunn | President
and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) |
January 7, 2022 | ||||||
| Steven Dunn | ||||||||
| /s/ Andrea Melia | Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) |
January 7, 2022 | ||||||
| Andrea Melia | ||||||||
| * | The Registrant is a trust and the persons are signing in their capacities as officers of Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, the Sponsor of the Registrant. | |||||||
Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust S-3
Exhibit 4.2
AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT AGREEMENT
AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) dated as of [DATE] among (i) [AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT], a [company] organized under the laws of [JURISDICTION OF AP] (the “Authorized Participant”), (ii) The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York Banking corporation acting in its capacity as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”) of the Trust(s) listed on the attached Schedule A, which is a part of this Agreement (each a “Trust” and collectively, the “Trusts”), each Trust created under New York law pursuant to its respective Depositary Trust Agreement identified on the attached Schedule A (each a “Trust Agreement” and collectively, the “Trust Agreements”), and (iii) Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, in its capacity as sponsor of each Trust (in such capacity, the “Sponsor”).
R E C I T A L S
A. Pursuant to the provisions of the applicable Trust Agreements, each Trust may from time to time issue or redeem equity securities representing an interest in the assets of such Trust (“Shares”), in each case only in aggregate amounts as set out in Schedule A (such aggregate amount, a “Basket”), and integral multiples thereof, and only in transactions with a party who, at the time of the transaction, shall have signed and in effect an Authorized Participant Agreement with such Trust.
B. [AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT] has requested to become an “Authorized Participant” with respect to each Trust (as such term is defined in the applicable Trust Agreement), and the Sponsor and the Trustee have agreed to such request.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, hereto, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:
Section 1. Procedures. The Authorized Participant will purchase or redeem Baskets of Shares of the relevant Trust in compliance with the relevant Trust Agreement as supplemented by the Creation and Redemption Procedures attached to this Agreement as Schedule 1 (such procedures, as the same may be amended or modified from time to time in compliance with the provisions hereof and thereof, the “Procedures”), using either (i) the form attached thereto as Annex I (a “Purchase Order”, in the case of an order to purchase one or more Baskets of Shares issued by a specified Trust and a “Redemption Order”, in case of an order to redeem one or more Baskets of Shares issued by a specified Trust) or (ii) through the Trustee’s electronic order entry system, as such may be made available and constituted from time to time, the use of which shall be subject to the terms and conditions attached thereto as Annex II. All Purchase Orders and Redemption Orders (collectively, “Orders”) shall be placed and executed in accordance with the relevant Trust Agreement as supplemented by the Procedures. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the Procedures.
Section 2. Incorporation of Standard Terms. The Standard Terms attached hereto as Schedule 2 are hereby incorporated by reference into, and made a part of, this Agreement.
Section 3. Conflicts Rules. In case of any inconsistency between the provisions of this Agreement and an applicable Trust Agreement, the provisions of such Trust Agreement shall control. In case of inconsistency between the provisions incorporated by reference into this Agreement pursuant to Section 2 above and any other provision of this Agreement, the latter will control.
Section 4. Authorized Representatives. Pursuant to Section 2.01 of the Standard Terms, attached hereto as Schedule 3-A is a certificate listing the Authorized Representatives of the Authorized Participant.
Section 5. Additional Covenants. The Authorized Participant covenants and agrees:
(a) To use its best efforts to ensure that any Delivery of applicable Bullion to the Custodian, or any withdrawal of applicable Bullion from the appropriate Trust, in connection with a Purchase Order or Redemption Order placed by the Authorized Participant will take place only through one or more members of the London Bullion Market Association and/or the London Platinum and Palladium Market as appropriate under the terms of the applicable Trust Agreement.
(b) Promptly upon written demand therefore (accompanied by such reasonable evidence as the Authorized Participant may request), to reimburse the relevant Trust or the Custodian the amount of any taxes (including value added taxes) that may be imposed on the relevant Trust or the Custodian in connection with any Delivery of Bullion by or on behalf of the Authorized Participant to the Custodian (in the case of a Purchase Order placed by the Authorized Participant), or any Delivery of Bullion to or for the account of the Authorized Participant (in the case of a Redemption Order placed by the Authorized Participant).
Section 6. Notices. Except as otherwise specifically provided in the Procedures, all notices required or permitted to be given pursuant hereto shall be given in writing and delivered by personal delivery or by postage prepaid registered or certified United States first class mail, return receipt requested, or by telex or facsimile (with a confirming copy by mail) addressed as follows:
(i) If to the Trustee:
The Bank of New York Mellon
2 Hanson Place — Floor 9th
Brooklyn, NY 11217
Attn: Jarvis Joseph
Telephone: (718) 315-7500
Facsimile: (732) 667-9478
E-Mail: jarvis.joseph@bnymellon.com
(ii) If to the Sponsor:
Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC
c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments
712 Fifth Avenue – 49th Floor, New York, NY 10019
Attn: Adam Rezak
Telephone: 844-383-7289
E-Mail: adam.rezak@aberdeenstandard.com
2
(iii) If to the Authorized Participant:
[AUTHORIZED
PARTICIPANT]
Attn:
[AP’S ADDRESS]
Telephone:
Facsimile:
Telex:
or such other address as any of the parties hereto shall have communicated in writing to the remaining parties in compliance with the provisions hereof.
Section 7. Effectiveness, Termination and Amendment. This Agreement shall become effective upon execution and delivery by each of the parties hereto. This Agreement may be terminated at any time by any party upon sixty days prior written notice to the other parties and may be terminated earlier by the Trustee or the Sponsor at any time on the event of a breach by the Authorized Participant of any provision of this Agreement (including the Standard Terms incorporated by Section 2 hereof) or the Procedures. This Agreement, along with any other agreement or instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement, supersedes any prior agreement between or among the parties concerning the matters governed hereby. This Agreement may be amended by the Trustee and the Sponsor from time to time without the consent of the Authorized Participant or any Beneficial Owner by the following procedure: the Trustee or the Sponsor will mail a copy of the amendment to the Authorized Participant in compliance with the notice provisions of this Agreement; if the Authorized Participant does not object in writing to the amendment within fifteen (15) Business Days after receipt of the proposed amendment, the amendment will become part of this Agreement in accordance with its terms. Titles and section headings in this Agreement (and in the Standard Terms incorporated by Section 2 hereof and the Procedures) are included solely for convenient reference and are not a part of this Agreement.
Section 8. Governing Law. This Agreement and all the transactions hereunder shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York (regardless of the laws that might otherwise govern under applicable New York conflict law principles) as to all matters including matters of validity, construction, effect, performance and remedies. The parties irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or United States Federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of, or relating to, this Agreement.
Section 9. Assignment. No party to this Agreement shall assign any rights, or delegate the performance of any obligations, arising hereunder without the prior written consent of the other parties hereto, which shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, that any entity into which a party hereto may be merged or converted, or with which it may be consolidated, or any entity resulting from any merger, consolidation or conversion to which a party hereunder shall be a party, shall be the successor of such party hereto. The party resulting from any such merger, conversion, consolidation or succession shall promptly notify the other parties hereto of the change. Any purported assignment or delegation in violation of these provisions shall be null and void. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any successor Trustee appointed in compliance with the applicable Trust Agreement shall automatically become a party hereto and shall assume all the obligations, and be entitled to all the rights and remedies of the Trustee hereunder with respect to the applicable Trust.
3
Section 10. No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party.
Section 11. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument.
[Signatures Follow on Next Page]
4
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Authorized Participant Agreement as of the date set forth above.
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, in its capacity as
Trustee of the Trusts listed on Schedule A hereto
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Date: | ||
ABERDEEN STANDARD INVESTMENTS ETFs SPONSOR LLC, in its capacity as
Sponsor of the Trusts listed on Schedule A hereto
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Date: | ||
[AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT]
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Date: | ||
5
SCHEDULE A – APPLICABLE TRUSTS
| ● | Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust (issuer of Aberdeen Standard Physical Palladium Shares ETF), a trust created under New York Law pursuant to that certain Depositary Trust Agreement between the Trustee and the Sponsor, as may be amended from time to time |
| ● | Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust (issuer of Aberdeen Standard Physical Platinum Shares ETF), a trust created under New York Law pursuant to that certain Depositary Trust Agreement between the Trustee and the Sponsor, as may be amended from time to time |
| ● | Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust (issuer of Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF), a trust created under New York Law pursuant to that certain Depositary Trust Agreement between the Trustee and the Sponsor, as may be amended from time to time |
| ● | Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust (issuer of Aberdeen Standard Physical Silver Shares ETF), a trust created under New York Law pursuant to that certain Depositary Trust Agreement between the Trustee and the Sponsor, as may be amended from time to time |
| ● | Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust (issuer of Aberdeen Standard Physical Gold Shares ETF), a trust created under New York Law pursuant to that certain Depositary Trust Agreement between the Trustee and the Sponsor, as may be amended from time to time |
[Delivery Locations, Basket Sizes and Bullion Ounces per Share on Next Page]
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DELIVERY
LOCATIONS, BASKET SIZES
AND BULLION OUNCES PER SHARE
Description of Delivery and Basket Sizes:
| Delivery of Bullion | Shares per basket | Oz. per Share at inception | |
| Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust | Loco-London | 50,000 | 1.0 |
| Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust | Loco-Zurich/London | 100,000 | 0.1 0.01 (after share split effective 11/1/2019) |
| Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust | Loco-Zurich/London | 50,000 | 0.1 |
| Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust | Loco-Zurich/London | 25,000 | 0.1 |
| Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust | Loco-London (gold and silver)
Loco-Zurich/London (platinum and palladium) |
50,000 | Silver - 1.100 Gold - 0.030 Platinum - 0.004 Palladium - 0.006
|
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SCHEDULE 1- CREATION AND REDEMPTION PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS - SCHEDULE 1
| Page | ||
| ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION | ||
| Section 1.01 | Definitions | S1-2 |
| Section 1.02 | Interpretation | S1-6 |
| ARTICLE II CREATION PROCEDURES | ||
| Section 2.01 | Initial Creation of Shares | S1-7 |
| Section 2.02 | Subsequent Creation of Shares | S1-7 |
| ARTICLE III REDEMPTION PROCEDURES | ||
| Section 3.01 | Redemption of Shares | S1-9 |
| ANNEX I TO CREATION AND REDEMPTION PROCEDURES | ||
| Creation/Redemption Order Form | S1-13 | |
| ANNEX II TO CREATION AND REDEMPTION PROCEDURES | ||
| Order Entry System Terms and Conditions | S1-15 | |
S1-1
FOURTH
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CREATION AND REDEMPTION PROCEDURES
Adopted by the Sponsor and Trustee (each as defined below) as of December 18, 2019
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
Section 1.01. Definitions. For purposes of these Procedures, and the Standard Terms incorporated by reference into the Authorized Participant Agreement to which these Procedures are attached, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms will have the following meanings:
“1933 Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Affiliate” shall have the meaning given to it by Rule 501(b) under the 1933 Act.
“AP Indemnified Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 6.01.a of the Standard Terms.
“Authorized Participant” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in the introductory paragraph of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Authorized Participant Agreement” shall mean each Authorized Participant Agreement among the Authorized Participant, the Trustee and the Sponsor into which these Creation and Redemption Procedures are attached as Schedule 1 and the Standard Terms and Conditions attached as Schedule 2 shall have been incorporated by reference.
“Authorized Participant Client” means any party on whose behalf the Authorized Participant acts in connection with an Order (whether a customer or otherwise).
“Authorized Representative” shall mean, with respect to an Authorized Participant, each individual who, pursuant to the provisions of the Authorized Participant Agreement between such Authorized Participant, the Sponsor, and the Trustee, has the power and authority to act on behalf of the Authorized Participant in connection with the placement of Purchase Orders or Redemption Orders and is in possession of the personal identification number (PIN) assigned by the Trustee for use in any communications regarding Purchase or Redemption Orders on behalf of such Authorized Participant.
“Basket” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement.
“Basket Amount” shall mean the specific basket amount term defined in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement (e.g., the “Basket Silver Amount” in the case of the Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust; the “Basket Gold Amount” in the case of the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust;
S1-2
the “Basket Platinum Amount” in the case of the Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust; the “Basket Palladium Amount” in the case of the Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust; and the “Basket Bullion Amount” in the case of the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust).
“Benchmark Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement.
“Beneficial Owner” shall have the meaning given to it by Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
“Bullion” shall mean Silver, Gold, Platinum and/or Palladium as appropriate.
“Business Day” shall mean, if and as applicable, (i) each day the exchange on which the relevant Shares trade is open for regular trading, and/or (ii) a London Business Day, and/or (iii) a Zurich Business Day.
“Creation” means the process that begins when an Authorized Participant first indicates to the Trustee its intention to purchase one or more Baskets of a specified Trust pursuant to these Procedures and concludes with the issuance by the Trustee and Delivery to such Authorized Participant of the corresponding number of that Trust’s Shares.
“Creation and Redemption Line” shall mean a telephone number designated as such by the Trustee and specified in Annex I of the Procedures or otherwise communicated to each Authorized Participant in compliance with the notice provisions of the respective Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Custodial Allocated Account” shall mean the allocated bullion account established by the Trustee with the Custodian pursuant to the relevant Custodian Agreement.
“Custodial Unallocated Account” shall mean the unallocated bullion account established by the Trustee with the Custodian pursuant to the relevant Custodian Agreement.
“Custodian” shall mean, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust, the Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust, the Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust, the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as custodian under the Custodian Agreements and any successor thereto or additional or other custodian appointed in compliance with the provisions of the relevant Trust Agreements and relevant Custodian Agreement(s).
“Custodian Agreement” or “Custodian Agreements” shall mean the applicable Custodian Agreement by and between the Trustee and the Custodian with respect to the applicable Trust.
“Delivery” shall mean a delivery of Bullion or Shares, as applicable, in each case effected according to the definition of “Deliver” in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement.
S1-3
“Depositor” shall mean any Authorized Participant that deposits Bullion into the relevant Trust, either for its own account or on behalf of another Person that is the owner or beneficial owner of that Bullion.
“Deposit Property” means property which, in compliance with the provisions of the relevant Trust Agreement, must be transferred by the Authorized Participant to the relevant Trust in exchange for that Trust’s Shares.
“DTC” shall mean The Depository Trust Company, its nominees and their respective successors. “FINRA” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
“Gold” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the Trust Agreements of the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, as applicable, relating to gold.
“Initial Creation” shall mean the initial creation of Shares pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.01 hereof.
“LBMA” shall mean the London Bullion Market Association.
“London Business Day” shall mean a day (other than a Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday in England) on which commercial banks generally and the over-the-counter markets in silver, with respect to Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, and gold, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, each as coordinated by the LBMA, and in platinum, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, and palladium, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, each as coordinated by the LPPM, are open for the transaction of business in London.
“LPPM” shall mean the London Platinum and Palladium Market.
“Order” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 1 of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Order Cutoff Time” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement.
“Order Date” shall have, (i) with respect to a Purchase Order, the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 2.3(a) of the relevant Trust Agreement; and (ii) with respect to a Redemption Order, the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 2.6(a) of the relevant Trust Agreement.
“Ounce” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement.
S1-4
“Palladium” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the Trust Agreements of the Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, as applicable, relating to palladium.
“Person” shall mean any natural person or any limited liability company, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
“Platinum” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the Trust Agreements of the Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, as applicable, relating to platinum.
“Procedures” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 1 of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Prospectus” or “Prospectuses” means the current prospectus of the relevant Trust included in its effective registration statement, as supplemented or amended from time to time.
“Purchase Order” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 1 of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Redemption Order” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 1 of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Shares” means Shares issued by the relevant Trust pursuant to the provisions of the relevant Trust Agreement.
“Silver” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the Trust Agreements of the Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, as applicable, relating to silver.
“Sponsor” shall mean Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
“Sponsor Indemnified Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 6.01.b of the Standard Terms.
“Trustee” shall mean The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation, in its capacity as Trustee under each Trust Agreement, and any successor thereto in compliance with the provisions thereof.
“Trust” or “Trusts” shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the introductory paragraph of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
S1-5
“Trust Agreement” or “Trust Agreements” shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the introductory paragraph of the Authorized Participant Agreement.
“Unallocated Basis” shall have the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 1.1 of the relevant Trust Agreement.
“VAT” shall mean (a) any tax imposed pursuant to or in compliance with the Sixth Directive of the Council of the European Economic Communities (77/388/EEC) including, in relation to the United Kingdom, value added tax imposed by the Value Added Tax Act 1994 and legislation and regulations supplemental thereto; and (b) any other tax of a similar nature, whether imposed in a member state of the European Union or elsewhere, in substitution for, or levied in addition to, such tax referred to in “(a)”.
“Zurich Business Day” shall mean a day (other than a Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday in Switzerland) on which commercial banks generally and the over-the-counter markets in gold, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust, platinum, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust, the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, and palladium, with respect to the Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, are open for the transaction of business in Zurich.
Section 1.02. Interpretation. In these Procedures:
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to Sections, clauses, paragraphs, schedules or exhibits, are to Sections, clauses, paragraphs, schedules or exhibits in or to these Procedures.
To the extent that term(s) defined in Section 1.01 apply to a Trust that has not commenced operations as of any relevant date and such Trust is listed or to be listed on Schedule A of the Authorized Participant Agreement, such term(s) shall not be operative and any provisions relating to such a Trust and its Shares contained in the Authorized Participant Agreement shall have no effect until such Trust commences operations and its Trust Agreement and applicable Custodian Agreement have been executed and delivered whereupon such terms and provisions shall become automatically operative and effective without any further action by the parties to the Authorized Participant Agreement.
The words “hereof”, “herein”, “hereunder” and words of similar import shall refer to these Procedures as a whole, and not to any individual provision in which such words may appear.
A reference to any statute, law, decree, rule, regulation or other applicable norm shall be construed as a reference to such statute, law, decree, rule, regulation or other applicable norm as re-enacted, re-designated or amended from time to time.
A reference to any agreement, instrument or document shall be construed as a reference to such agreement, instrument or document as the same may have been amended from time to time in compliance with the provisions thereof.
S1-6
ARTICLE II CREATION
PROCEDURES
Section 2.01. Initial Creation of Shares. The initial creation of Shares of a Trust will take place in compliance with such procedures as the Trustee, the Sponsor and the initial Depositor may agree.
Section 2.02. Subsequent Creation of Shares. After the Initial Creation, the issuance and Delivery of Shares of a specified Trust shall take place only in integral numbers of Baskets in compliance with the following rules:
a. Authorized Participants wishing to acquire from the Trustee one or more Baskets shall place a Purchase Order with the Trustee no later than 3:59:59 p.m. (New York time) on any Business Day. Purchase Orders received by the Trustee on or after the Order Cutoff Time on a Business Day shall be considered received at the opening of business on the next Business Day and shall have as their Order Date such next Business Day.
b. For purposes of Section 2.02a. above, a Purchase Order shall be deemed “received” by the Trustee only when either of the following has occurred no later than 3:59:59 p.m. (New York time):
(i) Telephone/fax Order – An Authorized Representative shall have placed a telephone call to the Trustee’s Creation and Redemption Line and has received an Order Number from the Trustee for insertion in the Purchase Order, or
(ii) Web-based Order – An Authorized Representative shall have accessed the Trustee’s online services (www.etfservices.bankofny.com)
in either case informing the Trustee that the Authorized Participant wishes to place a Purchase Order for a specified number of Baskets and, in the case of a telephone order, within 15 minutes following such telephone call the Trustee shall have received a properly completed, irrevocable Purchase Order in the form set out in Annex I to these Procedures executed by an Authorized Representative of such Authorized Participant, via facsimile at the number specified in such Annex I.
c. The Trustee shall provide a written summary to the Sponsor and the Custodian of all accepted Purchase Orders for such Order Date no later than 5:30 p.m. (New York time).
d. As soon as reasonably practicable following receipt of a properly completed Purchase Order but not later than 5:30 p.m. (New York time) on the Order Date for such Purchase Order, the Trustee shall send to the Authorized Participant (with copy to the Custodian), via facsimile or electronic mail message, a copy of the corresponding Purchase Order endorsed “Accepted” by the Trustee and indicating the Basket Amount that the Authorized Participant shall Deliver to the Custodian in respect of each Basket. Prior to the transmission of the Trustee’s acceptance as specified above, a Purchase Order will only represent the Authorized Participant’s unilateral offer to deposit Bullion in exchange for Baskets of Shares and will have no binding effect upon the Trust or any other party. Following the transmission of the Trustee’s acceptance as specified above, a Purchase Order will be a binding agreement among the Trust and the Authorized Participant for the creation and purchase of Baskets of Shares and the deposit of Bullion pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Order and these Procedures. If a Purchase Order is rejected, the Trustee shall send to the Authorized Participant (with copy to the Custodian), via facsimile or electronic mail message, as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than 5:30 p.m. (New York time) on the Order Date for such Purchase Order, a copy of the corresponding Purchase Order endorsed “Declined” by the Trustee and indicating the reason. The preceding sentence notwithstanding, Purchase Orders not accepted by 5:30 p.m. (New York time) on the Order Date shall be deemed cancelled. A Purchase Order which is not properly completed will be deemed invalid and rejected by the Trustee; the Authorized Participant may submit a corrected Purchase Order within the time period specified in Section 1.09 of the Standard Terms.
S1-7
e. Each Purchase Order shall settle on the second Business Day following the Order Date. The Basket Amount corresponding to each Basket must be deposited in the Custodial Unallocated Account in unallocated Bullion (i) loco London with respect to Silver for the Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, (ii) loco London with respect to Gold for the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, (iii) loco Zurich or loco London with respect to Gold for the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust, and (iv) loco Zurich or loco London with respect to Platinum and Palladium for the Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust, the Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust and the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, no later than 10:00 a.m. (London time) on the second Business Day following the Order Date.
f. The Custodian shall advise the Trustee in writing of the deposits made to the Custodial Allocated Account in connection with each Purchase Order.
g. On the second Business Day following the Order Date corresponding to a Purchase Order, or on such earlier date and time as the Trustee in its absolute discretion may agree with the Authorized Participant, the Trustee shall issue the aggregate number of Shares corresponding to the Baskets ordered by the Authorized Participant and Deliver them, by credit to the account at DTC which the Authorized Participant shall have identified for such purpose in its Purchase Order, provided that, by 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on the date such issuance and Delivery is to take place:
(i) the Custodian shall have reported in writing to the Trustee that the corresponding required amount of Bullion has been deposited in the Trustee’s Custodial Unallocated Account in compliance with the provisions of Section 2.02e. above and
(ii) the Authorized Participant shall have paid or agreed to pay the Trustee a per order transaction fee in the amount of US$500, if applicable.
h. In all other cases, the Trustee shall issue the aggregate number of Shares corresponding to the Baskets ordered by the Authorized Participant and Deliver them by credit to the account at DTC which the Authorized Participant shall have identified for such purpose in its Purchase Order on the Business Day following the date on which all of the conditions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 2.02g. above shall have been met. In the event that, by 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on the second Business Day following the Order Date of a Purchase Order, the Trustee’s Custodial Unallocated Account shall not have been credited with the required amount of Bullion in compliance with the provisions of section 2.02e. above, the Trustee shall send to the Authorized Participant and the Custodian via fax or electronic mail message notice of such fact and the Authorized Participant shall have two (2) Business Days following receipt of such notice to correct such failure. If such failure is not cured within such two (2) Business Day period, the Trustee shall, unless the Sponsor shall otherwise direct, cancel such Purchase Order and will send via fax or electronic mail message notice of such cancellation to the Authorized Participant and the Custodian, and the Authorized Participant will be solely responsible for all costs incurred by the Trust, the Trustee or the Custodian related to the cancelled Order.
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i. The foregoing provisions notwithstanding, neither the Trustee nor the Custodian shall be liable for any failure or delay in making Delivery of Shares in respect of a Purchase Order arising from nuclear fission or fusion, radioactivity, war, terrorist event, invasion, insurrection, civil commotion, riot, strike, act of government, public authority, public service or utility problems, power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures, act of God such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, market conditions or activities causing trading halts, systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting a Trust, the Trustee, the Custodian or sub-custodian, metal clearing bank delays and similar extraordinary events beyond the Trustee’s control. In the event of any such delay, the time to complete Delivery in respect of a Purchase Order will be extended for a period equal to that during which the inability to perform continues.
j. Except as provided in Sections 2.02d., 2.02f. and 2.02h., none of the Trustee, the Sponsor, the Custodian, nor any sub-custodian are under any duty, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in any Purchase Order or the delivery of the Basket Amount, and shall not incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.
k. Purchase Orders may be rejected under the circumstances specified in the applicable Prospectus.
ARTICLE III REDEMPTION
PROCEDURES
Section 3.01. Redemption of Shares. Redemption of Shares of a specified Trust shall take place only in integral numbers of Baskets in compliance with the following rules:
a. Authorized Participants wishing to redeem one or more Baskets shall place a Redemption Order with the Trustee no later than 3:59:59 p.m. (New York time) on any Business Day. Redemption Orders received by the Trustee on or after the Order Cutoff Time on any Business Day shall be considered received at the opening of business on the next Business Day and shall have as their Order Date such next Business Day.
b. For purposes of Section 3.01a. above, a Redemption Order shall be deemed “received” by the Trustee only when either of the following has occurred no later than 3:59:59 p.m. (New York time):
(i) Telephone/fax Order – An Authorized Representative shall have placed a telephone call to the Trustee’s Creation and Redemption Line and has received an Order Number from the Trustee for insertion in the Redemption Order, or
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(ii) Web-based Order – An Authorized Representative shall have accessed the Trustee’s online services (www.etfservices.bankofny.com)
in either case informing the Trustee that the Authorized Participant wishes to place a Redemption Order for a specified number of Baskets and, in the case of a telephone order, within 15 minutes following such telephone call the Trustee shall have received a duly completed, irrevocable Redemption Order in the form set out in Annex I to these Procedures executed by an Authorized Representative of such Authorized Participant, via facsimile at the number specified in such Annex I.
c. Upon receipt of a properly completed Redemption Order, the Trustee shall send to the Authorized Participant (with copy to the Custodian), via facsimile or electronic mail message, as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than 5:30 p.m. (New York time) on the Order Date for such Redemption Order a copy of the corresponding Redemption Order endorsed “Accepted” by the Trustee and indicating the Basket Amount that the Custodian shall Deliver to the Authorized Participant in respect of each Basket being redeemed
d. The Trustee shall, by 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on the second Business Day following the Order Date of a Redemption Order, confirm in writing to the Custodian whether each of the following has occurred by 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the second Business Day following the Order Date of a Redemption Order:
(i) the Authorized Participant has Delivered to the Trustee’s account at DTC the total number of Shares to be redeemed by such Authorized Participant pursuant to such Redemption Order; and
(ii) the Authorized Participant has paid or agreed to pay the Trustee a per order transaction fee of US$500, if applicable.
Provided that the Custodian has received written confirmation from the Trustee that the conditions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 3.01d. above have been satisfied, the Custodian shall:
(1) on the same Business Day, Deliver:
| ● | unallocated Silver loco London; |
| ● | unallocated Gold loco London; |
| ● | unallocated Gold loco Zurich (for the Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust only); |
| ● | unallocated Platinum loco Zurich; |
| ● | unallocated Platinum loco London; |
| ● | unallocated Palladium loco Zurich; and/or |
| ● | unallocated Palladium loco London |
(as applicable to the specific Redemption Order)
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in the amounts specified in the communication sent in compliance with Section 3.01c. above, to the account indicated by the redeeming Authorized Participant in its Redemption Order (which shall be an appropriate bullion account with an LBMA member or LPPM member, as applicable for the type of Bullion involved). Having made such Delivery, the Custodian shall send written confirmation thereof to the Trustee who shall then cancel the Shares so redeemed.
e. In all other cases, Delivery must be completed by the Custodian as soon as, in the reasonable judgment of the Custodian, it is practicable following receipt of written confirmation from the Trustee that the conditions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 3.01d. above have been satisfied.
f. The foregoing provisions notwithstanding, neither the Trustee nor the Custodian shall be liable for any failure or delay in making Delivery of Bullion in respect of a Redemption Order arising from nuclear fission or fusion, radioactivity, war, terrorist event, invasion, insurrection, civil commotion, riot, strike, act of government, public authority, public service or utility problems, power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures, act of God such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, market conditions or activities causing trading halts, systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting a Trust, the Trustee, the Custodian or sub-custodian, metal clearing bank delays and similar extraordinary events beyond the Trustee’s control. In the event of any such delay, the time to complete Delivery in respect of a Redemption Order will be extended for a period equal to that during which the inability to perform continues.
g. In the event that, by 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the second Business Day following the Order Date of a Redemption Order, Trustee’s account at DTC shall not have been credited with the total number of Shares corresponding to the total number of Baskets to be redeemed pursuant to such Redemption Order, the Trustee shall send to the Authorized Participant and the Custodian via fax or electronic mail message notice of such fact and the Authorized Participant shall have two (2) Business Days following receipt of such notice to correct such failure. If such failure is not cured within such two (2) Business Day period, the Trustee (in consultation with the Sponsor) will cancel such Redemption Order and will send via fax or electronic mail message notice of such cancellation to the Authorized Participant and the Custodian, and the Authorized Participant will be solely responsible for all costs incurred by the Trust, the Trustee or the Custodian related to the cancelled Order. The Trustee is authorized to Deliver the Basket Amount for a Redemption Order notwithstanding that the Basket(s) to be redeemed are not credited to the Trustee’s DTC account by 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the second Business Day following the Order Date of a Redemption Order if the Authorized Participant has collateralized its obligation to deliver the Baskets through DTC’s book entry system on such terms as the Sponsor and the Trustee may from time to time agree upon.
h. The redemption of Shares may be suspended or rejected under the circumstances specified in the applicable Prospectus.
[Signatures Follow on Next Page]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Sponsor and the Trustee have executed these Fourth Amended and Restated Creation and Redemption Procedures as of the date set forth above.
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, in its capacity as Trustee
| By: | /s/ Phyllis A. Cietek | |
| Name: Phyllis A. Cietek | ||
| Title: Vice President | ||
ABERDEEN STANDARD INVESTMENTS ETFs SPONSOR LLC, in its capacity as Sponsor
| By: | /s/ Lucia Sitar | |
| Name: Lucia Sitar | ||
| Title: Vice President | ||
[Fourth Amended and Restated Creation and Redemption Procedures Signature Page]
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ANNEX I TO CREATION AND REDEMPTION PROCEDURES
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, TRUSTEE
CREATION/REDEMPTION ORDER FORM
UNALLOCATED ORDERS ONLY
CONTACT INFORMATION FOR ORDER EXECUTION:
| Telephone order number: | (718) 315-7500 | ||
| Fax order number: | (732) 667-9478 |
Authorized Participant must complete all items in Part 1. The Trustee in its discretion may reject any order not submitted in proper form.
I. TO BE COMPLETED BY AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT:
Name of Trust:
| ☐ Aberdeen Standard Silver ETF Trust | ☐ Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust |
| ☐ Aberdeen Standard Platinum ETF Trust | ☐ Aberdeen Standard Palladium ETF Trust |
| ☐ Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust |
| Date:_____________________________ | Time:__________________________________________ |
| Broker Name:______________________ | Authorized Participant Firm Name:___________________ |
| DTC Participant Number:_____________ | Fax Number:____________________________________ |
| Telephone Number:_________________ | Symbol:________________________________________ |
Type of order (Check Creation or Redemption please)
| Creation: ☐ | Redemption: ☐ |
| # of Baskets:______________________ | Number of Baskets written out:_____________________ |
| Order #__________________________ |
Please indicate Bullion clearing agent:
| JP Morgan ☐ | Other (please specify clearing agent):_______________________ |
Account number for Bullion delivery:____________________________________________
| (With respect to Silver only): | loco London ☐ | |
| (With respect to Gold involving the Aberdeen
Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust only): |
loco London ☐ | |
| (With respect to Gold involving the Aberdeen
Standard Gold ETF Trust only): |
loco London ☐ | loco Zurich ☐ |
| (With respect to Platinum only): | loco London ☐ | loco Zurich ☐ |
| (With respect to Palladium only): | loco London ☐ | loco Zurich ☐ |
This Purchase or Redemption Order is subject to the terms and conditions of the Trust Agreement of the Shares of the Trust as currently in effect and the Authorized Participant Agreement between the Authorized Participant, the Trustee and the Sponsor named therein. All representations and warranties of the Authorized Participant set forth in such Trust Agreement (including, if this is a Purchase Order, the representations in Section 3.2 of the Trust Agreement) and in the Authorized Participant Agreement are incorporated herein by reference and are true and accurate as of the date hereof.
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The undersigned does hereby certify as of the date set forth below that he/she is an Authorized Representative under the Authorized Participant Agreement and that he/she is authorized to deliver this Purchase or Redemption Order to the Trustee on behalf of the Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant acknowledges and agrees that (1) once accepted by the Trustee, this Purchase or Redemption Order will become a legally binding contract for the delivery by the Authorized Participant of the Basket Amount per Basket for a Purchase Order, or the number of Baskets for a Redemption Order, indicated above, and that the final Basket Amount will be announced at the conclusion of the trading day and, (2) any taxes (including Value Added Taxes) incurred in connection with this transaction will be the responsibility of, and will be reimbursed upon demand from the Custodian or the Trust by, the Authorized Participant if required pursuant to the Authorized Participant Agreement.
| Authorized Representative’s Signature | Date | ||||
II. TO BE COMPLETED BY TRUSTEE:
This certifies that the above order has been:
_______________Accepted by the Trustee
_______________Declined-Reason:____________________________________________________
Final # of Ounces:
______________________________(Gold)
______________________________(Silver)
______________________________(Platinum)
______________________________(Palladium)
Final # of Shares: _________________
Final Cash Due to BNYM _______________
| Date | Time | Authorized Signature of Trustee |
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ANNEX II TO CREATION AND REDEMPTION PROCEDURES
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEM TERMS AND CONDITIONS
This Annex II shall govern use by Authorized Participant of the electronic order entry system for placing Purchase Orders and Redemption Orders for Shares (the “System”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Schedule 1 of the Authorized Participant Agreement. In the event of any conflict between the terms of this Annex II and the main body of the Authorized Participant Agreement with respect to the placing of Purchase Orders and Redemption Orders, the terms of this Annex II shall control.
1. (a) Authorized Participant shall provide to The Bank of New York Mellon a duly executed authorization letter, in a form satisfactory to The Bank of New York Mellon, identifying those authorized persons who will access the System (the “Authorized Persons”). Authorized Participant shall notify The Bank of New York Mellon in writing in the event that any person’s status as an Authorized Person is revoked or terminated as soon as possible, in order to give The Bank of New York Mellon a reasonable opportunity to terminate such Authorized Person’s access to the System.
(b) It is understood and agreed that each Authorized Person shall be designated as an authorized user of Authorized Participant for the purpose of the Authorized Participant Agreement. Upon termination of the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Authorized Participant’s and each Authorized Person’s access rights with respect to System shall be immediately revoked.
2. The Bank of New York Mellon grants to Authorized Participant a personal, nontransferable and nonexclusive license to use the System solely for the purpose of transmitting Purchase Orders and Redemption Orders and otherwise communicating with The Bank of New York Mellon in connection with the same. Authorized Participant shall use the System solely for its own internal and proper business purposes. Except as set forth herein, no license or right of any kind is granted to Authorized Participant with respect to the System. Authorized Participant acknowledges that The Bank of New York Mellon and its suppliers retain and have title and exclusive proprietary rights to the System. Authorized Participant further acknowledges that all or a part of the System may be copyrighted or trademarked (or a registration or claim made therefor) by The Bank of New York Mellon or its suppliers. Authorized Participant shall not take any action with respect to the System inconsistent with the foregoing acknowledgments. Authorized Participant may not copy, distribute, sell, lease or provide, directly or indirectly, the System or any portion thereof to any other person or entity without The Bank of New York Mellon’s prior written consent. Authorized Participant may not remove any statutory copyright notice or other notice included in the System. Authorized Participant shall reproduce any such notice on any reproduction of any portion of the System and shall add any statutory copyright notice or other notice upon The Bank of New York Mellon’s request.
2. (a) Authorized Participant acknowledges that any user manuals or other documentation (whether in hard copy or electronic form) (collectively, the “Material”), which is delivered or made available to Authorized Participant regarding the System is the exclusive and confidential property of The Bank of New York Mellon. Authorized Participant shall keep the Material confidential by using the same care and discretion that Authorized Participant uses with respect to its own confidential property and trade secrets, but in no event less than reasonable care. Authorized Participant may make such copies of the Material as is reasonably necessary for Authorized Participant to use the System and shall reproduce The Bank of New York Mellon’s proprietary markings on any such copy. The foregoing shall not in any way be deemed to affect the copyright status of any of the Material which may be copyrighted and shall apply to all Material whether or not copyrighted. THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON AND ITS SUPPLIERS MAKE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, CONCERNING THE MATERIAL OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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(b) Upon termination of the Authorized Participant Agreement for any reason, Authorized Participant shall return to The Bank of New York Mellon all copies of the Material which is in Authorized Participant’s possession or under its control.
3. Authorized Participant agrees that it shall have sole responsibility for maintaining adequate security and control of the user IDs, passwords and codes for access to the System, which shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of The Bank of New York Mellon. The Bank of New York Mellon shall be entitled to rely on the information received by it from the Authorized Participant and The Bank of New York Mellon may assume that all such information was transmitted by or on behalf of an Authorized Person regardless of by whom it was actually transmitted.
4. The Bank of New York Mellon shall have no liability in connection with the use of the System, the access granted to the Authorized Participant and its Authorized Persons hereunder, or any transaction effected or attempted to be effected by the Authorized Participant hereunder, except for damages incurred by the Authorized Participant as a direct result of The Bank of New York Mellon’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, IT IS HEREBY AGREED THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON OR ANY MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF EQUIPMENT, SOFTWARE OR SERVICES BE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHICH THE AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT MAY INCUR OR EXPERIENCE BY REASON OF ITS HAVING ENTERED INTO OR RELIED ON THIS AGREEMENT, OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCESS GRANTED TO AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT HEREUNDER, OR ANY TRANSACTION EFFECTED OR ATTEMPTED TO BE EFFECTED BY AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT HEREUNDER, EVEN IF THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON OR SUCH MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, NOR SHALL THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON OR ANY SUCH MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER BE LIABLE FOR ACTS OF GOD, MACHINE OR COMPUTER BREAKDOWN OR MALFUNCTION, INTERRUPTION OR MALFUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION FACILITIES, LABOR DIFFICULTIES OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR OR DISSIMILAR CAUSE BEYOND SUCH PERSON'S REASONABLE CONTROL.
5. The Bank of New York Mellon reserves the right to revoke Authorized Participant’s access to the System immediately and without notice upon any breach by the Authorized Participant of the terms and conditions of this Annex II.
6. The Bank of New York Mellon shall acknowledge through the System its receipt of each Purchase Order or Redemption Order communicated through the System, and in the absence of such acknowledgment The Bank of New York Mellon shall not be liable for any failure to act in accordance with such orders and Authorized Participant may not claim that such Purchase Order or Redemption Order was received by The Bank of New York Mellon. The Bank of New York Mellon may in its discretion decline to act upon any instructions or communications that are insufficient or incomplete or are not received by The Bank of New York Mellon in sufficient time for The Bank of New York Mellon to act upon, or in accordance with such instructions or communications.
7. Authorized Participant agrees to use reasonable efforts to prevent the transmission through the System of any software or file which contains any viruses, worms, harmful component or corrupted data and agrees not to use any device, software, or routine to interfere or attempt to interfere with the proper working of the Systems.
8. Authorized Participant acknowledges and agrees that encryption may not be available for every communication through the System, or for all data. Authorized Participant agrees that The Bank of New York Mellon may deactivate any encryption features at any time, without notice or liability to Authorized Participant, for the purpose of maintaining, repairing or troubleshooting its systems.
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SCHEDULE 2- STANDARD TERMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS - SCHEDULE 2
| Page | ||
| ARTICLE I ORDERS FOR PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION | ||
| Section 1.01. Authorization to Purchase and Redeem Baskets | S2-1 | |
| Section 1.02. Procedures for Orders | S2-1 | |
| Section 1.03. Consent to Recording | S2-1 | |
| Section 1.04. Irrevocability | S2-1 | |
| Section 1.05. Costs and Expenses | S2-1 | |
| Section 1.06. Delivery of Property to the Trust | S2-2 | |
| Section 1.07. Title to Deposit Property and Shares Surrendered for Redemption | S2-2 | |
| Section 1.08. Certain Payments or Distributions | S2-3 | |
| Section 1.09. Ambiguous Instructions | S2-3 | |
| ARTICLE II AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES | ||
| Section 2.01. Certification | S2-4 | |
| Section 2.02. PIN Numbers | S2-4 | |
| Section 2.03. Termination of Authority | S2-5 | |
| Section 2.04. Verification | S2-5 | |
| ARTICLE III STATUS OF THE AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT | ||
| Section 3.01. Clearing Status | S2-5 | |
| Section 3.02. Broker-Dealer Status | S2-5 | |
| Section 3.03. Foreign Status | S2-6 | |
| Section 3.04. Compliance with Certain Laws | S2-6 | |
| Section 3.05. Authorized Participant Status | S2-6 | |
| ARTICLE IV ROLE OF AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT | ||
| Section 4.01. No Agency | S2-6 | |
| Section 4.02. Rights and Obligations of DTC Participant | S2-6 | |
| Section 4.03. Beneficial Owner Communications | S2-6 | |
| Section 4.04. Authorized Participant Customer Information | S2-7 | |
| ARTICLE V MARKETING MATERIALS AND REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES | ||
| Section 5.01. Authorized Participant’s Representation | S2-7 | |
| Section 5.02. Prospectus | S2-8 | |
| ARTICLE VI INDEMNIFICATION; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY | ||
| Section 6.01. Indemnification | S2-8 | |
| ARTICLE VII MISCELLANEOUS | ||
| Section 7.01. Commencement of Trading | S2-10 |
i
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED STANDARD TERMS FOR AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT AGREEMENTS (the “Standard Terms”) agreed to as of December 18, 2019 by and between The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation (the “Trustee”), and Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”).
ARTICLE I
ORDERS FOR PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION
Section 1.01. Authorization to Purchase and Redeem Baskets. Subject to the provisions of the Authorized Participant Agreement, during the term of the Authorized Participant Agreement the Authorized Participant will be authorized to purchase and redeem Baskets of Shares in compliance with the provisions of the relevant Prospectus.
Section 1.02. Procedures for Orders. Each party hereto agrees to comply with the provisions of the relevant Prospectus and the Procedures to the extent applicable to it.
Section 1.03. Consent to Recording. The phone lines used by the Trustee, the Custodian, the Sponsor and/or their affiliated persons may be recorded, and the Authorized Participant hereby consents to the recording of all calls with any of those parties. In the event that the Trustee, the Custodian, the Sponsor or any of their affiliated persons becomes legally compelled to disclose to any third party any recording involving communications with the Authorized Participant, the Sponsor agrees to provide the Authorized Participant with reasonable advance written notice identifying the recordings to be so disclosed unless prohibited by applicable rule, law or order, together with copies of such recordings, so that the Authorized Participant may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy with respect to the recordings or waive its right to do so. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or the Authorized Participant waives its right to seek such protective order or remedy, the Sponsor will use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain reliable assurance that confidential treatment will be accorded the recorded conversation. The Trustee, the Sponsor or any of their affiliated persons shall not otherwise disclose to any third party any recording involving communications with the Authorized Participant without the Authorized Participant’s express written consent, except the Trustee and the Sponsor may disclose to any regulatory or self-regulatory organization, to the extent required by applicable rule or law, any recording involving communications with the Authorized Participant.
Section 1.04. Irrevocability. The Authorized Participant agrees that delivery to the Trustee of an Order shall be irrevocable; provided that the Trust will reject any Order that is not properly completed. In the event that the purchase or redemption of Baskets is suspended by the Trustee or the Sponsor and such suspension affects any Order submitted by the Authorized Participant, the Trustee or Sponsor, as applicable, will promptly notify the Authorized Participant of such suspension. In such case, the Sponsor agrees to undertake commercially reasonable efforts to accommodate any request by the Authorized Participant to cancel a previously placed Order.
Section 1.05. Costs and Expenses. The Authorized Participant shall be responsible for the expenses and costs incurred by the Trust that can be directly attributable to Orders submitted by the Authorized Participant other than ordinary course expenses and costs which are reimbursed through payment of the fee contemplated in Section 2.02(g) of the Procedures. The Trustee or the Sponsor shall provide the Authorized Participant with reasonably detailed information relating to such expenses and costs upon request by the Authorized Participant.
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Section 1.06. Delivery of Property to the Trust and Shares Surrendered for Redemption. The Authorized Participant understands and agrees that in the event Deposit Property is not transferred to the Trust by the time specified for the Purchase Order, or Shares are not delivered to the Trustee by the time specified for the Redemption Order and, in each such case, in compliance with the Procedures and the relevant Prospectus, the Purchase Order or Redemption Order may be cancelled by the Trustee and the Authorized Participant will be solely responsible for all costs incurred by the Trust, the Trustee or the Custodian related to the cancelled Order. The Authorized Participant will not, however, be responsible for costs incurred by the Trust, the Trustee, or the Custodian related to cancelled Orders where the failure to transfer Deposit Property to the Trust is due to the gross negligence, bad faith, or reckless or willful misconduct of the Trustee, the Sponsor, or the Custodian. The foregoing provisions notwithstanding, the Authorized Participant shall not be liable for any failure or delay in making Delivery of Bullion in respect of a Purchase Order or for any failure or delay in surrendering Shares for redemption arising from nuclear fission or fusion, radioactivity, war, terrorist event, invasion, insurrection, civil commotion, riot, strike, act of government, public authority, public service or utility problems, power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures, acts of God, such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, market conditions or activities causing trading halts, systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Authorized Participant, or similar extraordinary events beyond the Authorized Participant’s control. In the event of any such delay, the time to complete Delivery in respect of a Purchase Order or Redemption Order will be extended for a period equal to that during which the inability to perform continues. Upon the deposit of any Bullion, the Authorized Participant as Depositor represents and warrants that (i) the Bullion meets the relevant requirements to be such Bullion and contains the required number of Ounces, (ii) the Authorized Participant is duly authorized to make such deposit of Bullion and (iii) at the time of delivery, the Bullion is free and clear of any lien, pledge, encumbrance, right, charge or claim.
Section 1.07. Title to Deposit Property and Shares Surrendered for Redemption. The Authorized Participant represents and warrants to the Trustee and the Sponsor that
a. in connection with each Purchase Order, the Authorized Participant will have the right and authority to transfer to the Trust the corresponding Deposit Property, and that upon delivery of such Deposit Property to the Custodian and/or the relevant sub- custodian in accordance with the Procedures, the Trust will acquire good and unencumbered title to such property, free and clear of all liens, charges, duties imposed on the transfer of assets and encumbrances and not subject to any adverse claims or transferability restrictions, whether arising by operation of law or otherwise; and
b. in connection with a Redemption Order, the Authorized Participant will have the right and authority to surrender to the Trustee for redemption the corresponding Shares, and upon such surrender the Trust will acquire good and unencumbered title to such Shares, free and clear of all liens, charges, duties imposed on the transfer of assets and encumbrances and not subject to any adverse claims, transferability restrictions (whether arising by operation of law or otherwise), loan, pledge, repurchase or securities lending agreements or other arrangements which, under such circumstances, would preclude the delivery of such Shares to the Trustee on the second Business Day following the date of the Redemption Order.
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Section 1.08. Certain Payments or Distributions.
a. With respect to any Purchase Order, the Trustee acknowledges and agrees to return to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client for which it is acting any payment, distribution or other amount paid to the Trust in respect of any Deposit Property transferred to the Trust that, based on the valuation of such Deposit Property at the time of transfer, should have been paid to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client. Likewise, the Authorized Participant acknowledges and agrees to return to the Trust any payment, distribution or other amount paid to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client in respect of any Deposit Property transferred to the Trust that, based on the valuation of such Deposit Property at the time of transfer, should have been paid to the Trust.
b. With respect to any Redemption Order, the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself and any Authorized Participant Client acknowledges and agrees to return to the Trust any payment, distribution or other amount paid to it or an Authorized Participant Client in respect of any property transferred to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client that, based on the valuation of such property at the time of transfer, should have been paid to the Trust. The Trustee is entitled to reduce the amount of any property due to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client by an amount equal to any payment, distribution or other sum to be paid to the Authorized Participant or to the Authorized Participant Client in respect of any property transferred to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client that, based on the valuation of such property at the time of transfer, should be paid to the Trust. If, however, the Trustee so reduces an amount of any property appropriately due to the Authorized Participant, the Authorized Participant shall not be required to return to the Trust payments, distributions or other amounts equal to such reduction that has been paid to the Authorized Participant or the Authorized Participant Client as is contemplated in the first sentence of this Section 1.08(b). Likewise, the Trust acknowledges and agrees to return to the Authorized Participant or any Authorized Participant Client any payment, distribution or other amount paid to it in respect of any Shares transferred to the Trust that, based on the valuation of such Shares at the time of transfer, should have been paid to the Authorized Participant or such Authorized Participant Client.
Section 1.09. Ambiguous Instructions. In the event that a Purchase Order or Redemption Order contains terms that differ from the information provided in the related telephone call or email transmission, the Trustee will attempt to contact the Authorized Participant to request confirmation of the terms of the order at the telephone number indicated in the Purchase Order or Redemption Order. If an Authorized Representative confirms the terms as they appear in the Purchase Order or Redemption Order, then the order will be accepted and processed. If an Authorized Representative contradicts the terms of the Purchase Order or Redemption Order, the order will be deemed invalid, and a corrected Purchase Order or Redemption Order must be received by the Trustee not later than the earlier of (i) within fifteen (15) minutes of such contact with the Authorized Representative or (ii) thirty (30) minutes after the Order Cutoff Time. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the invalidation of the initial Purchase Order or Redemption Order pursuant to this paragraph, a Purchase Order or Redemption Order that is otherwise in proper form shall be deemed submitted at the time of its initial submission for purposes of determining when orders are deemed “received.” If the Trustee is not able to contact an Authorized Person, then the Purchase Order or Redemption Order shall be accepted and processed in accordance with its terms notwithstanding any inconsistency from the terms of the telephone information. In the event that a Purchase Order or Redemption Order contains terms that are illegible, the submission will be deemed invalid and the Trustee will attempt to contact the Authorized Participant to request retransmission. A corrected Purchase Order or Redemption Order must be received by the Trustee, as applicable, not later than the earlier of (i) within fifteen (15) minutes of such contact with the Authorized Participant or (ii) thirty (30) minutes after the Order Cutoff Time.
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ARTICLE II
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES
Section 2.01. Certification. Concurrently with the execution of the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Authorized Participant shall deliver to the Trustee a certificate in a form as attached at Schedule 3-A to the Authorized Participant Agreement (an “Authorized Representative Certificate”) signed by the Authorized Participant’s Secretary or other duly authorized person setting forth the names, signatures, e-mail addresses and telephone and facsimile numbers of all persons authorized to give instructions relating to any activity contemplated hereby or any other notice, request or instruction on behalf of the Authorized Participant (each an “Authorized Representative”). Such certificate may be accepted and relied upon by the Trustee as conclusive evidence of the facts set forth therein and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until (i) receipt by the Trustee of a superseding Authorized Representative Certificate, or (ii) termination of the Authorized Participant Agreement. After such Authorized Representative Certificate is accepted by the Trustee, the Authorized Participant may authorize additional Authorized Representatives to give instructions relating to any activity contemplated hereby or any other notice, request or instruction on behalf of the Authorized Participant by delivering to the Trustee an addendum to the certificate described above in a form as attached at Schedule 3-B to the Authorized Participant Agreement.
Section 2.02. PIN Numbers. The Trustee shall issue to each Authorized Participant a unique personal identification number (“PIN Number”) by which such Authorized Participant shall be identified and instructions issued by the Authorized Participant shall be authenticated. The PIN Number shall be kept confidential and only provided to Authorized Representatives. The Authorized Participant may revoke the PIN Number at any time upon written notice to the Trustee, and the Authorized Participant shall be responsible for doing so in the event that it becomes aware that an unauthorized person has received access to its PIN Number or has or intends to use the PIN Number in an unauthorized manner. Upon receipt of such written request, the Trustee shall, as promptly as practicable, de-activate the PIN Number. If an Authorized Participant’s PIN Number is changed, the new PIN Number will become effective on a date mutually agreed upon by the Authorized Participant and the Trustee. Except as otherwise provided in these Standard Terms, the Authorized Participant agrees that, absent the Trustee’s fraud, gross negligence, bad faith or reckless or willful misconduct in failing to cancel the PIN Number promptly following a written request to do so from the Authorized Participant or the termination of the Authorized Participant Agreement, none of the Trust or the Trustee shall be liable for losses incurred by the Authorized Participant as a result of unauthorized use of the Authorized Participant’s PIN Number prior to the time when the Authorized Participant provides notice to the Trustee of the termination or revocation of authority pursuant to Section 2.03 and the Trustee has de-activated the PIN Number as provided for in this paragraph.
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Section 2.03. Termination of Authority. Upon the termination or revocation of authority of an Authorized Representative by the Authorized Participant, the Authorized Participant shall (i) give, as promptly as practicable under the circumstances, written notice of such fact to the Trustee and such notice shall be effective upon receipt by the Trustee; and (ii) request a new PIN Number. The Trustee shall, as promptly as practicable, de-activate the PIN Number upon receipt of such written notice.
Section 2.04. Verification. The Trustee may assume that all instructions issued to it using the Authorized Participant’s PIN Number have been properly placed by Authorized Representatives, unless the Trustee has actual knowledge to the contrary or the Authorized Participant has revoked its PIN Number. The Trustee shall have no duty to verify that an Order is being placed by an Authorized Representative that uses a valid PIN Number. The Authorized Participant agrees that the Trustee shall not be responsible, absent the Trustee’s fraud, gross negligence, bad faith or reckless or willful misconduct, for any losses incurred by the Authorized Participant as a result of an Authorized Representative identifying himself or herself as a different Authorized Representative or an unauthorized person identifying himself or herself as an Authorized Representative, unless the Trustee previously received from the Authorized Participant written notice to revoke its PIN Number.
ARTICLE III
STATUS OF THE AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT
Section 3.01. Clearing Status. The Authorized Participant represents, covenants and warrants that, as of the date of execution of the Authorized Participant Agreement, and at all times during the term of the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Authorized Participant is and will be entitled to use the clearing and settlement services of each of the national or international clearing and settlement organizations through which, in compliance with the Procedures, the transactions contemplated hereby will clear and settle. Any change in the foregoing status of the Authorized Participant shall terminate the Authorized Participant Agreement and the Authorized Participant shall give prompt written notice thereof to the Trustee.
Section 3.02. Broker-Dealer Status. The Authorized Participant represents and warrants that, if required under U.S. law, it is (i) registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (ii) qualified to act as a broker or dealer in the states or other jurisdictions where it transacts business to the extent so required by applicable law, and (iii) a member in good standing with FINRA. The Authorized Participant agrees that it will maintain such registrations, qualifications, and membership in good standing and in full force and effect throughout the term of the Authorized Participant Agreement. The Authorized Participant further agrees to comply with all applicable U.S. federal laws, the laws of the states or other jurisdictions concerned, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, to the extent such laws and regulations are applicable to the Authorized Participant’s transactions in Shares, and with the FINRA By-Laws and Conduct Rules of the NASD (or with comparable FINRA Conduct Rules, if such NASD Conduct Rules are subsequently repealed, rescinded, or are otherwise replaced by FINRA Conduct Rules) to the extent the foregoing relates to the Authorized Participant’s transactions in, and activities with respect to, Shares, and that it will not offer or sell Shares in any state or jurisdiction where they may not lawfully be offered and/or sold.
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Section 3.03. Foreign Status. If the Authorized Participant is offering and selling Shares in jurisdictions outside the several states, territories and possessions of the United States and is not otherwise required to be registered, qualified, or a member of FINRA as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Authorized Participant nevertheless agrees to observe the applicable laws of the jurisdiction in which such offer and/or sale is made and to conduct its business in accordance with the FINRA Conduct Rules, to the extent the foregoing relates to the Authorized Participant’s transactions in, and activities with respect to, Shares.
Section 3.04. Compliance with Certain Laws. If the Authorized Participant is subject to the requirements of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “U.S.A. PATRIOT Act”), the Authorized Participant has policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with the anti- money laundering and related provisions of the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act.
Section 3.05. Authorized Participant Status. The Authorized Participant understands and acknowledges that the method by which Baskets of Shares will be created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. For example, because new Baskets of Shares may be issued and sold by the Trust on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution”, as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur.
ARTICLE IV
ROLE OF AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT
Section 4.01. No Agency. The Authorized Participant acknowledges and agrees that for all purposes of the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Authorized Participant will have no authority to act as agent for the Trust or the Trustee in any matter or in any respect. The Authorized Participant agrees to make itself and its employees available, upon reasonable request, during normal business hours to consult with the Trustee, the Sponsor or their designees concerning the performance of the Authorized Participant’s responsibilities under the Authorized Participant Agreement; provided, however, that the Authorized Participant shall be under no obligation to divulge or otherwise disclose any information that the Authorized Participant reasonably believes (i) the disclosure of which to third parties is in violation of any applicable law or regulation or is otherwise prohibited, or (ii) is confidential or proprietary in nature.
Section 4.02. Rights and Obligations of DTC Participant. The Authorized Participant, as a DTC Participant, agrees that it shall be bound by all of the obligations of a DTC Participant in addition to any obligations that it undertakes hereunder or in accordance with the Procedures.
Section 4.03. Beneficial Owner Communications. The Authorized Participant agrees (i) subject to any limitations arising under federal or state securities laws relating to privacy, its internal privacy policies, or other obligations it may have to its customers, to assist the Trustee or the Sponsor in determining certain information regarding sales of Shares made by or through the Authorized Participant (including, without limitation, the ownership level of each beneficial owner relating to positions in Shares that the Authorized Participant may hold as record holder) upon the request of the Trustee or the Sponsor that is necessary for the Trustee or Sponsor to comply with their obligations to distribute information to beneficial owners of Shares under applicable state or federal securities laws or (ii) in lieu thereof, and at the option of the Authorized Participant, to forward to such beneficial owners written materials and communications received from the Sponsor or the Trustee in sufficient quantities to allow mailing thereof to such beneficial owners, including notices, annual reports, disclosure or other informational materials and any amendments or supplements thereto that may be required to be sent by the Sponsor or the Trustee to such beneficial owners pursuant applicable law or regulation or otherwise, or that the Sponsor or the Trustee reasonably wishes to distribute to such beneficial owners, in each case at the expense of the Sponsor and/or the Trust.
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Section 4.04. Authorized Participant Customer Information. The Sponsor and the Trustee agree that the names and addresses and other information concerning the Authorized Participant’s customers are and shall remain the sole property of the Authorized Participant, and none of the Sponsor, the Trust, or the Trustee, or any of their respective affiliates shall use such names, addresses or other information for any purpose except in connection with the performance of their duties and responsibilities under the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Procedures, the Standard Terms and the applicable Prospectus and except for servicing and informational mailings related to the Trust(s) referred to in Section 4.03 above.
ARTICLE V
MARKETING MATERIALS AND REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
Section 5.01. Authorized Participant’s Representation. The Authorized Participant represents, warrants and agrees that, in connection with any sale or solicitation of a sale of Shares, it will not make, or permit any of its representatives to make on its behalf, any representations concerning Shares other than those not inconsistent with the Trust’s then current Prospectus or any promotional materials or sales literature furnished to the Authorized Participant by the Sponsor. The Authorized Participant agrees not to furnish or cause to be furnished to any person or display or publish any information or materials relating to Shares (excluding, without limitation, promotional materials and sales literature, advertisements, press releases, announcements, statements, posters, signs or other similar materials not inconsistent with the Trust’s then current Prospectus and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and any materials prepared and used for the Authorized Participant’s internal use only or brokerage communications prepared by the Authorized Participant in the normal course of its business), except such information and materials as may be furnished to the Authorized Participant by the Sponsor and such other information and materials as may be approved in writing by the Sponsor. The Authorized Participant understands that the Trust will not be advertised as offering redeemable securities, and that any advertising materials will prominently disclose that the Shares are not redeemable units of beneficial interest in the Trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Authorized Participant and its Affiliates and representatives may, without the approval of the Sponsor, prepare and circulate in the regular course of their respective businesses, research, reports, marketing materials, sales literature or similar materials that include information, opinions or recommendations relating to Shares (i) for public dissemination, provided that such reports, research, marketing materials, sales literature or other similar materials comply with applicable FINRA rules and (ii) for internal use by the Authorized Participant and its Affiliates and representatives.
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Section 5.02. Prospectus. The Sponsor will provide, or cause to be provided, to the Authorized Participant copies of the then current Prospectus and any printed supplemental information in reasonable quantities upon request. The Sponsor will, as promptly as practicable under the circumstances, notify the Authorized Participant when a revised, supplemented or amended Prospectus for the Shares is available, and deliver or otherwise make available to the Authorized Participant copies of such revised, supplemented or amended Prospectus at such time and in such quantities as may be reasonable to permit the Authorized Participant to comply with any obligation the Authorized Participant may have to deliver such Prospectus to its customers. The Sponsor will make such revised, supplemented or amended Prospectus available to the Authorized Participant no later than its effective date. The Sponsor shall be deemed to have complied with this Section 5.02 when the Authorized Participant has received such revised, supplemented or amended Prospectus by e-mail, in printable form, with such number of hard copies as may be agreed from time to time by the parties promptly thereafter
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Section 6.01. Indemnification. The provisions of this Section 6.01 shall survive termination of the Agreement.
a. The Authorized Participant shall indemnify and hold harmless the Sponsor, in its capacity as sponsor of the applicable Trust, the Trustee, the Trust and their respective Affiliates, subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls such persons within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act (each an “AP Indemnified Party”) from and against any direct loss, liability, cost and expense (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by such AP Indemnified Party as a result of (i) any material breach by the Authorized Participant of any provision of the Authorized Participant Agreement that relates to the Authorized Participant; (ii) any material failure on the part of the Authorized Participant to perform any of its obligations set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement applicable to it; (iii) any material failure by the Authorized Participant to comply in all material respects with applicable laws, including rules and regulations of self-regulatory organizations to the extent such laws, rules and regulations are applicable to the transactions being undertaken pursuant to the Authorized Participant Agreement; or (iv) actions of such AP Indemnified Party pursuant to any instructions issued in accordance with the relevant Prospectus, Authorized Participant Agreement, the Procedures, or the Standard Terms reasonably believed by the AP Indemnified Party to be genuine and to have been given by the Authorized Participant except to the extent that the Authorized Participant had previously revoked a PIN Number used in giving such instructions or representations (where applicable) and such revocation was given by the Authorized Participant and received by the Trustee in accordance with the terms of Section 2.03 hereto. The Authorized Participant shall not be liable under its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph with respect to any claim made against any AP Indemnified Party unless the AP Indemnified Party shall have notified the Authorized Participant in writing of the claim within a reasonable time after the summons or other first written notification giving information of the nature of the claim was served upon the AP Indemnified Party (or after the AP Indemnified Party shall have received notice of service on any designated agent). However, failure to notify the Authorized Participant of any claim shall not relieve the Authorized Participant from any liability which it may have to any AP Indemnified Party against whom such action is brought otherwise than on account of its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph and shall only release it from such liability under this paragraph to the extent it has been materially prejudiced by such failure to give notice. The Authorized Participant shall be entitled to participate at its own expense in the defense, or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any claims, but if the Authorized Participant elects to assume the defense, the defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and satisfactory to the AP Indemnified Parties in the suit and who shall not, except with consent of the AP Indemnified Parties, be counsel to the Authorized Participant. If the Authorized Participant does not elect to assume the defense of any suit, it will reimburse the AP Indemnified Parties in the suit for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by them. The Authorized Participant shall not be liable to the AP Indemnified Party for any damages arising out of mistakes or errors in data provided to the Authorized Participant, or mistakes or errors by, or out of interruptions or delays of communications with the AP Indemnified Parties due to any action of a service provider to the Trust.
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b. The Sponsor hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Authorized Participant, its Affiliates, subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls such persons within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act (each a “Sponsor Indemnified Party”) from and against any loss, liability, cost and expense (including reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred by such Sponsor Indemnified Party as a result of (i) any breach by the Sponsor of any provision of the Authorized Participant Agreement that relates to the Sponsor; (ii) any failure on the part of the Sponsor to perform any of its obligations set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement applicable to it; (iii) any failure on the part of the Sponsor to comply in all material respects with applicable laws, including rules and regulations of self-regulatory organizations to the extent such laws, rules and regulations are applicable to the transactions being undertaken pursuant to the Authorized Participant Agreement; (iv) actions of such Sponsor Indemnified Party pursuant to any instructions issued or representations made in accordance with the relevant Prospectus, Authorized Participant Agreement, the Procedures, or the Standard Terms reasonably believed by the Sponsor Indemnified Party to be genuine and to have been given by the Sponsor; or (v) any untrue statements or omissions made in any promotional material or sales literature furnished to the Authorized Participant by the Sponsor or otherwise approved in writing by the Sponsor. The Sponsor shall not be liable under its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph with respect to any claim made against any Sponsor Indemnified Party unless the Sponsor Indemnified Party shall have notified the Sponsor in writing of the claim within a reasonable time after the summons or other first written notification giving information of the nature of the claim shall have been served upon the Sponsor Indemnified Party (or after the Sponsor Indemnified Party shall have received notice of service on any designated agent). However, failure to notify the Sponsor of any claim shall not relieve the Sponsor from any liability which it may have to any Sponsor Indemnified Party against whom such action is brought otherwise than on account of its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph and shall only release it from such liability under this paragraph to the extent it has been materially prejudiced by such failure to give notice. The Sponsor shall be entitled to participate at its own expense in the defense, or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any claims, but if the Sponsor elects to assume the defense, the defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and satisfactory to the Sponsor Indemnified Parties in the suit and who shall not, except with the consent of the Sponsor Indemnified Parties, be counsel to the Sponsor. If the Sponsor does not elect to assume the defense of any suit, it will reimburse the Sponsor Indemnified Parties in the suit for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by them.
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c. No indemnifying party, as described in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, shall, without the written consent of the AP Indemnified Party or the Sponsor Indemnified Party, as the case may be, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the AP Indemnified Party or Sponsor Indemnified Party, as the case may be, from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any AP Indemnified Party or Sponsor Indemnified Party, as the case may be.
d. The Authorized Participant shall not be liable to any AP Indemnified Party for any damages arising out of (i) mistakes or errors in data provided in connection with purchase or redemption transactions except for data provided by the Authorized Participant, or (ii) mistakes or errors by, or arising out of interruptions or delays of communications with, the Trustee or any AP Indemnified Party.
e. The indemnification provided for in Section 6.01(a) shall not apply to the extent any such losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses are incurred as a result of any fraud, gross negligence, bad faith or reckless or willful misconduct on the part of an AP Indemnified Party. The indemnification provided for in Section 6.01(b) shall not apply to the extent any such losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses are incurred as a result of any fraud, gross negligence, bad faith or reckless or willful misconduct on the part of a Sponsor Indemnified Party.
f. The indemnity agreements contained in this Section 6.01 shall remain in full force and effect and shall survive any termination of this Agreement. The Sponsor and the Authorized Participant agree promptly to notify each other of the commencement of any Proceeding against it and against any of their officers or directors in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares or in connection with the registration statement or the relevant Prospectus.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 7.01. Commencement of Trading. The Authorized Participant may not submit an Order prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, or amendment to the registration statement, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and pursuant to which the Authorized Participant is identified as such in the relevant Prospectus.
[Signatures Follow on Next Page]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Sponsor and the Trustee have executed these Second Amended and Restated Standard Terms as of the date set forth above.
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, in its capacity as Trustee
| By: | /s/ Phyllis A. Cietek | |
| Name: Phyllis A. Cietek | ||
| Title: Vice President | ||
ABERDEEN STANDARD INVESTMENTS ETFs SPONSOR LLC, in its capacity as Sponsor
| By: | /s/ Lucia Sitar | |
| Name: Lucia Sitar | ||
| Title: Vice President | ||
[Second Amended and Restated Standard Terms Signature Page]
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SCHEDULE 3-A : AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES OF THE AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT
Certificate of Authorized Representatives of the Authorized Participant
The following are the names, titles, signatures, phone numbers, and email addresses of all persons (each, an “Authorized Representative”) authorized to give instructions relating to any activity contemplated by the Authorized Participant Agreement between [AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT], The Bank of New York Mellon and Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC dated [DATE] (the “Agreement”) or any other notice, request or instruction on behalf of the Authorized Participant pursuant to the Agreement.
| Name: | Name: | ||||
| Title: | Title: | ||||
| Signature: | Signature: | ||||
| Phone: | Phone: | ||||
| Email: | Email: |
| Name: | Name: | ||||
| Title: | Title: | ||||
| Signature: | Signature: | ||||
| Phone: | Phone: | ||||
| Email: | Email: |
| Name: | Name: | ||||
| Title: | Title: | ||||
| Signature: | Signature: | ||||
| Phone: | Phone: | ||||
| Email: | Email: |
The undersigned, [AP’S AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY], does hereby certify that the persons listed above have been duly authorized to act as Authorized Representatives pursuant to the Authorized Participant Agreement.
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Date: | ||
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SCHEDULE
3-B : ADDENDUM TO CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZED
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT
[On AP’s Firm Letterhead]
[DATE]
Attn: Jarvis Joseph
The Bank of New York Mellon
2 Hanson Place — Floor 9th
Brooklyn, NY 11217
New York
| Re: | Addendum to the Certificate of Authorized Representatives for [AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT] under the Authorized Participant Agreement for the relevant Trusts sponsored by Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC dated [DATE] (the “Agreement”) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Pursuant to the Agreement, the following are the names, titles, signatures, phone numbers, and email addresses of additional Authorized Representatives of [AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT] (the “AP”) authorized to give instructions relating to any activity contemplated by the Agreement or any other notice, request or instruction on behalf of the AP pursuant to the Agreement. This list of Authorized Representatives is an addendum and adds further Authorized Representatives to the AP’s most recently executed certificate (entitled “Certificate of Authorized Representatives of the Authorized Participant”).
| Name: | Name: | ||||
| Title: | Title: | ||||
| Signature: | Signature: | ||||
| Phone: | Phone: | ||||
| Email: | Email: |
| Name: | Name: | ||||
| Title: | Title: | ||||
| Signature: | Signature: | ||||
| Phone: | Phone: | ||||
| Email: | Email: |
Please provide PIN numbers for those listed above.
The undersigned, [AP’S AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY], does hereby certify that the persons listed above have been duly authorized to act as Authorized Representatives pursuant to the Authorized Participant Agreement.
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Date: | ||
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Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust S-3
Exhibit 5.1
|
Three Bryan Park 1095 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-6797 +1 212 698 3500 Main +1 212 698 3599 Fax www.dechert.com |
January 7, 2022
Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC
as sponsor to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust
712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor
New York, NY 10019
| Re: |
Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust Registration Statement on Form S-3 |
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC (the “Company”), a Delaware limited liability company, the sponsor of Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, a New York investment trust (the “Trust”), in connection with the Trust’s filing on January 7, 2022 of its Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), relating to the issuance and sale by the Trust of an indeterminate number of shares of Aberdeen Standard Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares ETF (the “Shares”).
This opinion is limited to the laws of the State of New York governing investment trusts, and we express no opinion with respect to the laws of any other jurisdiction or to any other laws of the State of New York. Further, we express no opinion as to compliance with any state or federal securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of New York.
In connection with the opinions set forth herein, we have examined the following documents: the Depositary Trust Agreement between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee, dated as of October 18, 2010, as amended on October 1, 2018 (the “Depositary Trust Agreement”), and such other Trust records, certificates, resolutions, documents and statutes that we have deemed relevant in order to render the opinions expressed herein.
In rendering this opinion we have assumed, without independent verification, (i) the due authority of all individuals signing in representative capacities and the genuineness of signatures; (ii) the authenticity, completeness and continued effectiveness of all documents or copies furnished to us; (iii) that any resolutions provided have been duly adopted by the sole member of the Company; (iv) that the facts contained in the instruments and certificates or statements of public officials, officers and representatives of the Trust on which we have relied for the purposes of this opinion are true and correct; and (v) that no amendments, agreements, resolutions or actions have been approved, executed or adopted which would limit, supersede or modify the items described above. Where documents are referred to in resolutions approved by the sole member of the Company, or in the Registration Statement, we have assumed such documents are the same as in the most recent form provided to us, whether as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or otherwise.
|
Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC January 7, 2022 Page 2 |
Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms, conditions, requirements and procedures described in the Registration Statement, will be validly issued and, subject to the qualifications set forth in the Depositary Trust Agreement, fully paid and non-assessable beneficial interests in the Trust.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and to the reference to us and discussion of this opinion in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, however, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
| Very truly yours, | |
/s/ Dechert LLP |
Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust S-3
Exhibit 8.1
|
Three Bryan Park 1095 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-6797 +1 212 698 3500 Main +1 212 698 3599 Fax www.dechert.com |
January 7, 2022
|
Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC as Sponsor to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust 712 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor New York, NY 10019
|
|
The Bank of New York Mellon as Trustee to Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust 2 Hanson Place Brooklyn, NY 11217
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Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are acting as special U.S. tax counsel to the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust (the “Trust”) in connection with the preparation of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof. The Registration Statement relates to the proposed issuance by the Trust, an investment trust formed on October 18, 2010, under New York law pursuant to a Depositary Trust Agreement between Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC, as Sponsor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee, of an unlimited number of shares, representing units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust (the “Shares”).
In rendering this opinion, we have examined the Registration Statement and such other documents and materials as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to review for purposes of our opinion, and have made such investigations of law as we have deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinion expressed below. In addition, in rendering this opinion, we have relied upon and have assumed, with your permission, the accuracy of the statements contained in the Registration Statement, and that the Trust will operate in the manner discussed in its organizational documents and the prospectus included in the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”).
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Our opinion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In rendering this opinion, we are expressing our views only as to United States federal income tax law.
Based on and subject to the foregoing, the discussion relating to tax matters under the heading “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the Prospectus (subject to the qualifications contained therein) expresses our opinion as to the material aspects of the United States federal income tax treatment to a Shareholder, as of the date hereof, of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of a Share pursuant to the Prospectus.
Our opinion relies on, and is subject to, the facts, representations and assumptions set forth or referenced herein. Any inaccuracy or subsequent change in such facts, representations or assumptions could adversely affect our opinion.
We hereby consent to the filing with the SEC of this letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and the reference to this letter and to us under the heading “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the Prospectus. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Dechert LLP
| Dechert LLP |
Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust S-3
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the use of our reports dated February 26, 2021 with respect to the financial statements of the Aberdeen Standard Precious Metals Basket ETF Trust, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, incorporated herein by reference and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
January 7, 2022