Able View Global Inc F-1/A, filed Dec 22, 2023
Able View Global Inc. (ABLV)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 22, 2023
Registration Statement No. 333-275626
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No.1 to
Form F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Able
View Global Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Cayman Islands | 5960 | Not Applicable | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary standard industrial classification code number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
Floor 16, Dushi Headquarters Building
No. 168, Middle Xizang Road
Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
Tel: +86 185 0177 0425
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Puglisi &
Associates
850 Library Avenue, Suite 204
Newark, DE 19711
302-738-6680
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Elizabeth
F. Chen, Esq.
Pryor Cashman LLP
7 Times Square
New York, NY 10036
(212) 326-0199
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
| † | The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling securityholders may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED December 22, 2023
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Able View Global Inc.
Up to 14,147,750 Class B Ordinary Shares
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders or their permitted transferees (collectively, the “selling securityholders”) of up to 14,147,750 Class B ordinary shares, par value of $0.0001 per share (“Class B Ordinary Shares”), of Able View Global Inc. (the “Company” or “Pubco”) originally issued to certain selling securityholders concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination (as defined below) for a consideration of $10.64 per share, with the exception of the 2,100,650 Class B Ordinary Shares held by HMAC Sponsor (as defined below), which was originally acquired by HMAC Sponsor as the sponsor of HMAC (as defined below), for an average consideration of approximately $1.64 per Class B Ordinary Share. This prospectus also covers any additional securities that may become issuable by reason of share splits, share dividends or other similar transactions.
We are registering the resale of these securities by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus, or their transferees, pledgees, donees or assignees or other successors-in-interest that receive any of the shares as a gift, distribution, or other non-sale related transfer. The selling securityholders may offer all or part of the securities for resale from time to time through public or private transactions, at either prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. The resale of these securities are being registered to permit the selling securityholders to sell securities from time to time, in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. The selling securityholders may sell these securities through ordinary brokerage transactions, directly to market makers of our shares or through any other means described in the section titled “Plan of Distribution”. We will pay certain expenses associated with the registration of the resale of these securities covered by this prospectus, as described in the section titled “Plan of Distribution”.
All of the Class B Ordinary Shares offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the selling securityholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of Class B Ordinary Shares by the selling securityholders or the issuance of Class B Ordinary Shares by us pursuant to this prospectus.
The shares being registered for resale by this registration statement will be considerable relative to the Company’s public float. As a result, sales of shares on this registration statement could have significant negative impact on the public trading price of the Class B Ordinary Share of the Company.
Our Class B Ordinary Shares are currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “ABLV.” Our public warrants trade on Nasdaq under the symbol “ABLVW.” Our Class B Ordinary Shares and our public warrants began trading on Nasdaq on August 18, 2023. The closing price of our Class B Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on December 21, 2023 was $2.78 per ordinary share and the closing price of our public warrants on December 21, 2023 was $0.0353.
Each of Pubco and Able View is not an operating company but a Cayman Islands holding company with operations primarily conducted by Able View’s subsidiaries in China, such corporate structure involves unique risks to investors, which, if happens, may result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of the securities we are registering for sale, including that it may cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this structure, which may cause the incapability to continue operation without changing the corporate structure or switching the business focus. This may in turn cause the value of the securities to significantly decline or even become worthless. According to the Foreign Investment Law in China, the State Council shall promulgate or approve a list of special administrative measures for market access of foreign investments, or the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries specified as either “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment in the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign-invested entities operating in “restricted” or “prohibited” industries will require market entry clearance and other permissions or approvals from relevant PRC government authorities. On December 27, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission of China (“NDRC”) and the Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) jointly issued the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2021 Edition), effective January 1, 2022. As a company operating its business in distributing and selling beauty and personal care products online, which are not included in the 2021 Negative List, Able View believes its business is not subject to any ownership restrictions. However, since the Negative List has been adjusted and updated almost on an annual basis in the recent years, we cannot assure you that the aforementioned business segments will continuously be beyond the “prohibited” category, which would likely result in a material change in our operations or in the value of our securities, if that happens, it could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. The PRC government has also established a foreign investment information reporting system, according to which foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall submit investment information to the competent department for commerce concerned through the enterprise registration system and the enterprise credit information publicity system, and a security review system under which the security review shall be conducted for foreign investment affecting or likely affecting the state security. For a detailed description of the risks associated with Pubco and Able View’s corporate structure, please refer to risks disclosed under “Risk Factors — Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.” in this prospectus.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, $2,050,000 was transferred from Able View to Able View Brands, one of the subsidiaries. Able View Brands transferred $8,926 (equivalent of HKD 70,000) to Able View, and $950,000 was transferred from Able View to Able View Enterprise, one of the subsidiaries. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, $1,350,000 was transferred from Able View to Able View Brands, one of the subsidiaries. Able View Brands transferred $451,493 to Able View. Other than the transfers mentioned above, as of the date of this prospectus, Able View has not made any other transfers, dividends or distributions between the holding company, any of its subsidiaries or to investors. We do not have any current intentions to distribute further earnings. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our subsidiaries by way of dividend payments. See “Ticker Symbol And Dividends”, “Risk Factors — Able View is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our PRC Operating Entities for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares” for more information. The company currently does not have any cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred.
Increasing Able View’s registered capital in a mainland China subsidiary requires the filing with the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”) or its local bureau, while a shareholder loan requires a filing with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local bureau. Foreign direct investment and loans must be approved by and/or registered in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations promulgated in 1996, as amended in 2008. The total amount of loans we can make to our subsidiaries in mainland China cannot exceed statutory limit which is the difference between the amount of total investment as approved by the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart and the amount of registered capital or a multiple (currently set as 2.5 times) of its net worth of our subsidiaries in mainland China. PRC Laws currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and PRC Laws, after set aside, at a minimum, 10% of their net income after taxes, based on PRC accounting standards, each year as statutory surplus reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital, such reserves may not be distributed as cash dividends. PRC Laws and regulations allow an offshore holding company to provide funding to mainland China subsidiaries only through loans or capital contributions, subject to the filing or approval of government authorities and limits on the amount of capital contributions and loans. See Prospectus Summary, Summary or Risk Factors, and Risk Factors Sections for more details.
Able View’s PRC Operating Entities (as defined below) face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China. For Example, Able View’s PRC Operating Entities face risks associated with regulatory approvals on offshore offerings, anti-monopoly regulatory actions, and oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy. These risks could result in a material adverse change in Able View’s business operations and the value of Pubco Class B Ordinary Shares, significantly limit or hinder Pubco’s ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. For a detailed description of risks related to doing business in China, see “Risk Factors — Risk Factors Relating to Doing Business in China” in this prospectus.
Able View may encounter several limitations related to cash transfer among its PRC Operating Entities, the holding company and its investors. Any funds we transfer to the PRC Operating Entities, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to permission and approval by or registration with relevant governmental authorities in China. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign invested enterprises in China, capital contributions to our PRC Operating Entities are subject to the registration with the State Administration for Market Regulation or its local counterpart and registration with a local bank authorized by SAFE. In addition, (i) any foreign loan procured by our PRC Operating Entities is required to be registered with the SAFE or its local branches and (ii) any of our PRC Operating Entities may not procure loans which exceed the difference between its total investment amount and registered capital or, as an alternative, only procure loans subject to the calculation approach and limitation as provided by the People’s Bank of China. See “Risk Factors — PRC regulations of loans to PRC entities and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC Operating Entities.” Furthermore, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”) company may only make a distribution out of profits available for distribution or other distributable reserves; and there can be no assurance that in the future the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on our Hong Kong entity’s ability to transfer or distribute cash/assets to entities outside of Hong Kong, which could result in an inability or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to us and adversely affect our business. In addition, to the extent funds and/or assets are in mainland China, the funds and/or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations by the government in mainland China. See Risk Factors Summary and “Risk Factor — Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenue effectively. To the extent our cash in the business is in mainland China, such cash may not be available to freely convert or be changed at favorable rate, and such cash may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government in mainland China to transfer cash.” An “indirect transfer” of PRC assets, including a transfer of equity interests in an unlisted non-PRC holding company of a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of the underlying PRC assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Such limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. Pursuant to the Arrangement between the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise, as the beneficial owner, owns no less than 25% of a PRC entity. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including, without limitation, that (a) the Hong Kong entity must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong entity must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC entity during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In current practice, a Hong Kong entity must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC Operating Entities to their respective immediate holding company in Hong Kong. See “Risk Factors — Able View is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our PRC Operating Entities for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares.” and “Risk Factors — Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ordinary shares or ordinary shares by our foreign investors may become subject to PRC tax law.”
As Pubco, through its subsidiaries, operates business, and has most of the assets and executive officers in China, it may be difficult for Pubco’s shareholders to effect foreign service of process upon Pubco or those executives or officers inside China. Apart from that, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts in China would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts, as the United States and China do not have a treaty or other arrangements providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts of the United States in civil and commercial matters. However, a foreign judgment may be enforced in Hong Kong under common law by bringing an action in a Hong Kong court. Please see “Risk Factors —You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against Pubco or its management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws.” and “Enforceability Of Civil Liability” for more details.
Able View may also be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, which includes the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (the “PDPO”) and the Personal Data (Privacy) (Amendment) Ordinance 2021 (the “PDPAO”). Our directors are of the view that Able View is in compliance with the PDPO and the PDPAO, because our services do not require users’ personal information and our possession to personal information is minimal. We cannot assure you that the governmental authorities will not interpret or implement the laws or regulations in ways that negatively affect us, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, due to long arm provisions under the current Mainland China laws and regulations, the PRC government may apply laws and regulations relating to data protection, cybersecurity review and the anti-monopoly that have not been listed in Annex III of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (“Basic Law”) to the Hong Kong subsidiary of Able View. In the event that the Hong Kong subsidiary of Able View were to become subject to laws and regulations of Mainland China relating to data protection, cybersecurity review or the anti-monopoly, it may be subject to the cybersecurity review or trigger anti-monopoly concern. Please see “Risk Factors — We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity, data protection or anti-monopoly, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” for more details.
Able View also may face risks related to certain PCAOB determinations, which may cause Pubco securities to be delisted from a U.S. stock exchange or prohibited from being traded over-the-counter in the future under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”), if the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate Able View’s auditor completely for two consecutive years beginning in 2021. The delisting or the cessation of trading of Pubco securities, or the threat of their being delisted or prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which proposes to reduce the period of time for foreign companies to comply with PCAOB audits from three to two consecutive years. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the “CAA”) was signed into law, which officially reduced the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two, thus, would reduce the time before an applicable issuer’s securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC its determinations that is the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, respectively, and identifies the registered public accounting firms in China and Hong Kong that are subject to such determinations. Able View’s auditor, Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (formerly known as Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP), an independent registered public accounting firm is headquartered in Manhattan, New York, was not included in the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. Able View’s auditor is currently subject to inspections and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis with the last inspection in 2020. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced and signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Protocol”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China. The Protocol provides the PCAOB with: (1) sole discretion to select the firms, audit engagements and potential violations it inspects and investigates, without any involvement of Chinese authorities; (2) procedures for PCAOB inspectors and investigators to view complete audit work papers with all information included and for the PCAOB to retain information as needed; (3) direct access to interview and take testimony from all personnel associated with the audits the PCAOB inspects or investigates. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a new Determination Report which concluded that it was able to inspect and investigate completely PCAOB-registered accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022, and the PCAOB vacated the December 16, 2021 Determination Report. Should the PCAOB again encounter impediments to inspections and investigations in mainland China or Hong Kong as a result of positions taken by any authority in either jurisdiction, including by the CSRC or the MOF, the PCAOB will make determinations under the HFCAA as and when appropriate. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to conduct inspections and investigations completely to its satisfaction of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of Able View’s, and Able View’s auditor’s, control, including positions taken by authorities of the PRC. The PCAOB is expected to continue to demand complete access to inspections and investigations against accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in the future and states that it has already made plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond. The PCAOB is required under the HFCAA to make its determination on an annual basis with regards to its ability to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms based in the mainland China and Hong Kong. Should the PCAOB again encounter impediments to inspections and investigations in mainland China or Hong Kong as a result of positions taken by any foreign authority including but is not limited to mainland China or Hong Kong jurisdiction, the PCAOB will act expeditiously to consider whether it should issue a new determination. See “Risk Factors — The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, and the related regulations continue to evolve. Further implementations and interpretations of or amendments to the HFCAA or the related regulations, or a PCAOB determination of its lack of sufficient access to inspect our auditor, might pose regulatory risks to and impose restrictions on us because of our operations in mainland China.”
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and are therefore eligible to take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements otherwise applicable to other public companies.
We are also a “foreign private issuer,” as defined in the Exchange Act and are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that impose certain disclosure obligations and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Moreover, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.
Investing in our Class B Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any Class B Ordinary Shares you should carefully read the discussion of material risks of investing in such securities in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This prospectus is dated December 22, 2023.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
This document, which forms part of a registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) by Pubco, constitutes a prospectus of Pubco under Section 5 of the Securities Act. The selling securityholders may, from time to time, sell the securities offered by them described in this prospectus. We are not offering any Class B Ordinary Shares for sale under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the securities by such selling securityholders under this prospectus.
This document does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction or to any person to whom it would be unlawful to make such offer.
Neither we nor the selling securityholders have authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information, other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we may have referred you, and neither we nor they take any responsibility for, or provide any assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders are making an offer to sell Class B Ordinary Shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale thereof is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our Class B Ordinary Shares.
We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement together with the additional information to which we refer you in the sections of this prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”
For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the selling securityholders have taken any action to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction other than the United States where action for that purpose is required. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the Class B Ordinary Shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Under the rules of the SEC, we are currently eligible for treatment as a “foreign private issuer.” As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic registrants whose securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to the term “Able View” or “Target” refer to Able View Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company. All references to the term the “Company,” “Pubco,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to Able View Global Inc., together with its subsidiaries after the closing (“Closing”) of the Business Combination with Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp, after which Able View became a wholly owned subsidiary of Pubco.
This prospectus includes trademarks, tradenames and service marks, certain of which belong to us or Able View and others that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks, tradenames and service marks referred to in this prospectus appear without the ®, TM and SM symbols, but the absence of those symbols is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert our or their rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights to these trademarks, tradenames and service marks to the fullest extent under applicable law. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.
ii
This prospectus contains estimates, projections, and other information concerning our industry and business, as well as data regarding market research, estimates, and forecasts prepared by our management. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research, or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties, and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances that are assumed in this information. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this industry, business, market, and other data from reports, research surveys, studies, and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry and general publications, government data, and similar sources. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which this data is derived. When we refer to one or more sources of data in any paragraph, you should assume that other data of the same type appearing in the same paragraph is derived from such sources, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires. While we have compiled, extracted, and reproduced industry data from third-party sources (including any sources that we may have paid for, sponsored, or conducted), we have not independently verified the data. Forecasts and other forward-looking information with respect to industry, business, market, and other data are subject to the same qualifications and additional uncertainties regarding the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. See the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
iii
This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the annexes. See also the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.” Certain figures included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation and, as a result, percentages may not sum to 100%.
Overview
Able View.
Able View is one of the largest comprehensive brand management partners of international beauty and personal care brands in China. The Company enjoys a market share of 16.5% in beauty and personal care cross-border brand management and a market share of 38.1% in functional beauty and personal care brand management in 2022, as measured by gross merchandise value (GMV), according to the Independent Market Research Report on the Beauty and Personal Care Brand Full-Service Partners in China by iResearch Co. Ltd. dated October 17, 2022, and updated February 13, 2023 (the “iResearch Report”). To purchase from global brand owners and conduct sales in China, Able View’s comprehensive brand management capabilities encompass all segments of the brand management value chain, including strategy, branding, digital and social marketing, omni-channel sales, customer service, overseas logistics, warehouse and fulfilment. The Company’s mission is to help global brands enter, grow and succeed in China.
As a brand management partner, Able View generates revenue from product sales by distributing and selling cross-border products from various global brand owners to Chinese consumers. Able View regards the brand companies as Able View’s suppliers and purchases goods from these suppliers to sell to consumers either directly through online e-commerce stores or offline counters operated by Able View, or indirectly to distribution channels which include mainstream horizontal online marketplaces, vertical online marketplaces, social E-commerce platforms and a wide variety of online and offline distributors, dealers and agents.
With the rapid growth of demand for beauty and personal care products in China, more global brands and brand managers are targeting China for strategic entry. The Chinese market is inherently complex and such complexity is rapidly increasing, caused by a combination of the following factors: diverse, competing, but overlapping and interdependent sales channels; changing of consumer tastes, habits, and abilities to pay; fragmented, emerging, and highly-regulated and monitored social media and other online platforms; unique, deep, and evolving business practice. Able View has the experience to manage such complexity, including market resources and know-how, consumer data and access, social media and industry experience, as well as local infrastructure and operation teams. International brands look to Able View as a trusted partner to establish themselves in China without the heavy investment needed to build such experience on their own. In particular, Able View help its brand partners navigate the challenges imposed by COVID-19 and the resulting policy and regulations in China.
Able View’s experience has allowed it to steadily expand its engagement in terms of number of brand partners, whom Able View regard as Able View’s suppliers. Able View now serves as brand manager in China for well-known international brands such as Clarins, Caudalie, and SATO. The brand portfolio mainly covers the segments of skin care and personal care (products used in personal hygiene and personal grooming). Among the two segments, Able View is particularly focused on functional products, which include both dermo-cosmetics (skincare products designed for people with skin problems such as dry skin) and functional personal care products (personal care products including functional ingredients, such as Over the Counter (OTC) drugs and supplements). After seven years of steady operation, as of December 31, 2022 Able View managed 38% (as the second largest brand manager) of the international functional beauty and personal care products in China in terms of GMV, according to the iResearch Report.
As China’s consumer market is complex and ever evolving, innovation is essential to Able View’s culture and mission. Able View encourages all its teams to improve and innovate by trial and error. In the past three years, Able View has helped its brand partners redesign product packaging and delivery, create new marketing schemes, deploy emerging algorithmic social media analysis and improve supply chain operation. The Company believes innovation is crucial for its success in an emerging market such as China, and a key element to Able View’s value proposition to its international brand partners.
1
Recent Developments
The Business Combination with Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp.
On August 17, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), Able View Global Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company” or “Pubco”), consummated the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2022 (the “Business Combination Agreement”) and as modified by that certain Waiver Agreement, dated as of June 12, 2023, by and among (i) the Company, (ii) Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“HMAC”), (iii) Able View Inc. (d/b/a Able View), a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Target”), (iv) Able View Corporation Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”), and (v) each of the holders of the Target’s outstanding shares named on Annex I of the Business Combination Agreement (collectively, the “Sellers”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Business Combination Agreement.
On the Closing Date, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement:
(a) HMAC merged with Merger Sub, with HMAC continuing as the surviving entity in the merger (the “Merger”), as a result of which: (i) HMAC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and (ii) each issued and outstanding security of HMAC immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger was no longer outstanding and automatically cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holder thereof to receive a substantially equivalent security of the Company specified below, and (b) the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Target held by the Sellers in exchange for the Class B Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Share Exchange” and, collectively with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements (as defined below), the “Business Combination” or “Transactions”). As a result of the Transactions, HMAC and Target each became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
Immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, all outstanding Units (each of which consisting of (i) one ordinary share of HMAC (“HMAC ordinary share”), (ii) one warrant entitling its holder to purchase one HMAC ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per whole share (“HMAC warrant”), and (iii) one right (“HMAC right”) to receive one-tenth of one HMAC ordinary share upon the consummation of an initial business combination) separated into their individual components of HMAC Class B Ordinary Shares, HMAC warrants and HMAC rights ceased separate existence and trading. Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the equity holdings of the HMAC shareholders were exchanged as follows:
| ● | Each HMAC ordinary share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Business Combination (other than any redeemed shares) was automatically cancelled and ceased to exist and, for each HMAC ordinary share, the Company issued to each HMAC shareholder (other than HMAC shareholders who exercised their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination) one validly issued the Company ordinary share; |
| ● | Each HMAC warrant issued and outstanding immediately prior to effective time of the Business Combination converted into a Company Warrant to purchase one Class B ordinary share of the Company (each, a “Warrant”) (or equivalent portion thereof). The Warrants have substantially the same terms and conditions as set forth in the HMAC warrants; and |
| ● | The holders of HMAC rights issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Business Combination received one-tenth (1/10) of one Class B ordinary share of the Company in exchange for the cancellation of each Right, subject to rounding. |
Following the closing of the Business Combination, the Company has 24,871,433 Class A Ordinary Shares and 17,487,800 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, 7,241,500 warrants to purchase Class B Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $11.50 per share issued and outstanding.
As a result of the Business Combination, Target and HMAC have become wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company. On August 18, 2023, the Company’s Class B Ordinary Shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “ABLV” and the HMAC warrants to purchase HMAC Class A Common Stock that were converted into warrants to purchase Class B Ordinary Shares of Pubco at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (“public warrants”) commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ABLVW.”
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Corporate Information
The Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on October 11, 2021 solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination, which was consummated on August 17, 2023. See “Recent Developments – The Business Combination with Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp” above for further details of the Business Combination. See also a description of the material terms of the Business Combination as described in the Form F-4 in the section entitled, “The Business Combination Proposal”. The Company owns no material assets other than its interests in Target and HMAC acquired in the Business Combination and does not operate any business other than through Target, its wholly-owned subsidiary and the subsidiaries of the Target. Target is Cayman Islands exempted company.
The mailing address of the Company’s principal executive office is Floor 16, Dushi Headquarters Building, No. 168, Middle Xizang Road, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China, and its telephone number is +86 185 0177 0425. The information contained on, or accessible through, the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider it a part of this prospectus.
The Company is subject to certain of the informational filing requirements of the Exchange Act. Since the Company is a “foreign private issuer”, the officers, directors and principal shareholders of the Company are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act with respect to their purchase and sale of Class B Ordinary Shares. In addition, the Company is not required to file reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. public companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, the Company is required to file with the SEC an Annual Report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent accounting firm. On July 5, 2023, the Company and HMAC furnished to its shareholders a prospectus relating to the Business Combination. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports and other information that the Company files with or furnishes electronically to the SEC.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer
Emerging Growth Company
We are an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). We will be an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenues; the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; the issuance, in any three-year period, by us of more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination.
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As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other publicly traded entities that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include: (i) the option to present only two years of audited financial statements and related discussion in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus; (ii) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; (iii) not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis); (iv) not being required to submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency,” and “say-on-golden parachutes”; and (v) not being required to disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of these accounting standards until they would otherwise apply to private companies.
We have elected not to opt out of, and instead to take advantage of, such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Foreign Private Issuer
We report under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including: (i) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iii) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specific information, and current reports on Form 8-K upon the occurrence of specified significant events.
Foreign private issuers are also exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent compensation and other disclosures required of companies that are neither an emerging growth company nor a foreign private issuer.
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THE OFFERING
| Securities offered by the selling securityholders | We are registering the resale by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus, or their permitted transferees, of an aggregate of 14,147,750 Class B Ordinary Shares. | |
| Shares outstanding prior to the offering | As of December 21, 2023, we had 24,871,433 Class A Ordinary Shares and 17,487,800 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. The number of Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding excludes 7,241,500 warrants to purchase Class B Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $11.50 per share as of December 21, 2023. | |
| Use of proceeds | All of the Class B Ordinary Shares offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the selling securityholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from such sales. | |
| Risk factors | See “Risk Factors” and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our Class B Ordinary Shares. |
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Summary of Risk Factors
You should consider all the information contained in this prospectus in deciding whether to invest in our Class B Ordinary Shares. In particular, you should consider the risk factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. Such risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
| ● | If the complexities and challenges faced by brand partners seeking to sell online diminish, or if our brand partners increase their in-house e-commerce capabilities as an alternative to our solutions and services, demand for our solutions and services could be adversely affected. |
| ● | If we fail to maintain our relationships with e-commerce channels or adapt ourselves to emerging e-commerce channels, or if e-commerce channels otherwise curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our solutions with their channels, our solutions would be less appealing to existing and potential brand partners. |
| ● | A variable portion of the revenues we generate from certain brand partners is based upon the amount of GMV, and any change to such pricing mechanism may adversely affect our financial results. |
| ● | We rely on marketing and promotional arrangements we signed with online services, search engines, and other websites to drive traffic to the stores we operate and for our other customers. If we are unable to enter into or properly maintain and manage these marketing and promotional arrangements, our ability to generate revenue could be adversely affected. |
| ● | Our service partners’ failure to effectively manage the capacity and utilization of the warehouse we use could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operation. |
| ● | If we are unable to provide high-quality customer service, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or required by PRC Laws and regulations may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. |
| ● | Our leased property interests may be defective and our right to lease and use the properties affected by such defects may be challenged, or we may fail to extend or renew our current leases or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities on commercially acceptable terms, which could cause significant disruption to our business. |
| ● | We depend on key management as well as experienced and capable personnel generally, and any failure to attract, motivate and retain our staff could severely hinder our ability to maintain and grow our business. |
| ● | Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the Cybersecurity Law and the impact it may have on our business operations. |
| ● | We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties and violating content restrictions of relevant laws. |
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Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China
| ● | Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies. |
| ● | There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC Laws, rules and regulations and sudden or unexpected changes in laws, rules and regulations in China could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us. |
| ● | The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. |
| ● | Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations. |
| ● | PRC regulations regarding acquisitions impose significant regulatory approval and review requirements, which could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions. |
| ● | The permission or approval of, or filing to, the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in future offerings or financings, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such permission or approval, or timely clear the filing requirements. |
| ● | Recent statements by the Chinese government indicate an intent to exert more oversight and more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such actions by the Chinese government could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer its securities to investors and cause the value of the securities being registered hereby to significantly decline or become worthless. |
| ● | The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, and the related regulations continue to evolve. Further implementations and interpretations of or amendments to the HFCAA or the related regulations, or a PCAOB determination of its lack of sufficient access to inspect our auditor, might pose regulatory risks to and impose restrictions on us because of our operations in mainland China. |
| ● | Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenue effectively. To the extent our cash in the business is in mainland China, such cash may not be available to freely convert or be changed at favorable rate, and such cash may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government in mainland China to transfer cash. |
Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong
| ● | We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity, data protection or anti-monopoly, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. |
Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco’s Securities
| ● | Able View is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our PRC Operating Entities for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares. |
| ● | Current or future sales or perceived sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public market could have a material adverse effect on the prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares and our ability to raise capital in the future, and may result in dilution of your shareholdings. |
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this prospectus (including information incorporated by reference herein) may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:
| ● | the Company’s plans to expand its customers base with market trends; |
| ● | the Company’s work to provide comprehensive brand management of international beauty and personal care brands in China; |
| ● | the Company’s future financial performance following the Business Combination, including any expansion plans and opportunities; |
| ● | the Company’s success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, its officers, key employees or directors following the Business Combination or any other initial business combination; |
| ● | changes in the Company’s strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenue and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans; |
| ● | the implementation, market acceptance and success of the Company’s business model; |
| ● | the Company’s expectations surrounding the growth of its digital platform as a part of its revenues; |
| ● | the Company’s expectations surrounding the insurance it will maintain going forward; |
| ● | the Company’s ability to utilize the “controlled company” exemption under the rules of Nasdaq; and |
| ● | the Company’s ability to maintain the listing of its Class B Ordinary Shares or Warrants on Nasdaq. |
We caution you against placing undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect current beliefs and are based on information currently available as of the date a forward-looking statement is made. Forward-looking statements set forth herein speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We do not undertake any obligation to revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events, changes in circumstances, or changes in beliefs. In the event that any forward-looking statement is updated, no inference should be made that we will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters, or any other forward-looking statements. Any corrections or revisions and other important assumptions and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, including discussions of significant risk factors, may appear, in our public filings with the SEC, which are or will be (as appropriate) accessible at www.sec.gov, and which you are advised to consult. For additional information, please see the section titled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.
Market, ranking and industry data used throughout this prospectus, including statements regarding market size and technology adoption rates, is based on the good faith estimates of our management, which in turn are based upon our management’s review of internal surveys, independent industry surveys and publications, and other third party research and publicly available information. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented herein, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus.
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In this prospectus, unless otherwise stated, references to:
“$,” “USD,” “US$” and “U.S. dollar” each refers to the United States dollar.
“Able View” refers to Able View Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly owned subsidiary of Pubco after the Business Combination.
“Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company adopted prior to consummation of the Business Combination.
“Ancillary Agreements” means certain additional agreements entered into or to be entered into pursuant to or in connection with the Business Combination Agreement.
“CAGR” means compound annual growth rate.
“China” or the “PRC”, in each case, means the People’s Republic of China, including Hong Kong and Macau. The term “Chinese” has a correlative meaning for the purpose of this prospectus.
“Class A Ordinary Shares” means, the Class A ordinary shares of the Company, each with par value $0.0001 per share.
“Class B Ordinary Shares” means, the Class B ordinary shares of the Company, each with par value $0.0001 per share.
“Closing” means the closing of the Transactions.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Companies Act” means the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Company” or “Pubco” means Able View Global Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company.
“Constitutional Documents” means the formation documents of any of the entities listed herein, including the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, as they may be amended.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Form F-4” means the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (333-270675) initially filed with the SEC on March 17, 2023 and declared effective by the SEC on June 30, 2023.
“HMAC” or “Purchaser” means Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company.
“HMAC Sponsor” means Bright Winlong LLC, the sponsor of HMAC.
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“iResearch Report” means the Independent Market Research Report on the Beauty and Personal Care Brand Full-Service Partners in China dated October 17, 2022 and updated on February 13, 2023, issued by iResearch Co. Ltd. which was commissioned by Able View.
“JOBS Act” means the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.
“Listing Rules of Nasdaq” refers to the listing rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
“Ordinary Shares” means, collectively, the Class A Ordinary Shares and the Class B Ordinary Shares.
“PRC Laws” means all the laws, administrative measures, regulations, rules promulgated in mainland China by the government of mainland China.
“PRC Operating Entities” means all the subsidiaries of Able View Inc. that are operating in PRC, including in mainland China and Hong Kong.
“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as may be amended.
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“U.S.” means the United States of America.
“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.
“Waiver Agreement” means the Waiver Agreement which modifies the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of June 12, 2023, by and among HMAC, Pubco, Target, Merger Sub and the Sellers, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2.2.
“Warrants” means warrants of the Company, each exercisable for one Class B Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share.
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Investing in our securities involves risks. In considering purchasing our securities, you should carefully consider the following information about these risks, as well as the other information included in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition.” The risks and uncertainties described below are those significant risk factors, currently known and specific to us, that we believe are relevant to an investment in our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm us and adversely affect our shares.
Risks Related to Able View’s Business and Industry
If the e-commerce market in China does not grow, or grows more slowly than we expect, demand for our services and solutions could be adversely affected.
Able View, as a brand management partner, generates revenue from product sales by distributing and selling cross-border products from various global brand owners to Chinese consumers through e-commerce platforms, and therefore, continued demand from our existing and potential future brand partners to use our services and solutions depends on whether e-commerce market will continue to grow. Our future results of operations will depend on numerous factors affecting the development of the e-commerce industry in China, which may be beyond our control. These factors include:
| ● | the growth of internet, broadband, personal computer and mobile penetration and usage in China, and the rate of any such growth; |
| ● | the trust and confidence level of online retail consumers in China, as well as changes in consumers’ demographics, tastes and preferences; |
| ● | whether alternative retail channels or business models that better address the needs of consumers emerge in China; and |
| ● | the development of fulfilment, payment and other ancillary services associated with online purchases. |
If consumer’s utilization of e-commerce channels in China does not grow or grows more slowly than we expect, demand for our services and solutions would be adversely affected, our revenues would be negatively impacted and our ability to pursue our growth strategy would be compromised.
If the complexities and challenges faced by brand partners seeking to sell online diminish, or if our brand partners increase their in-house e-commerce capabilities as an alternative to our solutions and services, demand for our solutions and services could be adversely affected.
One of the key attractions of our solutions and services to brand partners is our ability to help cope with the complexities and difficulties they face in the e-commerce market in China. If the level of such complexities and difficulties declines as a result of changes in the e-commerce landscape or otherwise, or if our brand partners choose to increase their in-house support capabilities as an alternative to our e-commerce solutions and services, our solutions and services may become less important or attractive to our brand partners, and demand for our solutions and services may decline.
Our success is tied to the success of our existing and future brand partners for which we operate their brand e-commerce business, in addition to our ability to attract brand partners and customers.
Our success is substantially dependent upon the continued success of our current brand partners. As we continue to expand and optimize our brand partner base, our future success will also be tied to the success of our future brand partners. We cannot assure you that our efforts to attract new brand partners and optimize our brand partner base will continue being successful. If such efforts fail, it may have a material adverse impact on our business performance or results of operation. The retail business in China is intensely competitive. If our brand partners were to experience any significant decline in their brand reputations due to any reason, such as newly identified quality or safety issues or decreased popularity of their products, or if they were to have any financial difficulties, suffer impairment of their brands or if the profitability of, or demand for, their products decreases for any other reason, it could adversely affect our results of operations and our ability to maintain and grow our business. Our business could also be adversely affected if our brand partners’ product sales, marketing, brands or retail stores are not successful or if our brand partners reduce their marketing efforts.
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If we are unable to retain our existing brand partners, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We provide service to help distribute and sell cross-border products from various global brand owners through e-commerce platforms for brand partners primarily pursuant to contractual arrangements with a term typically ranging from 12 to 36 months. The contract renewal process usually starts at the beginning of the next year, and takes around one month to negotiate the annual minimum purchase target. As of the date of this prospectus, all of our contracts with our brand partners have been renewed for the calendar year of 2023. Although we are fairly confident that we will be able to renew the contracts annually with these brand partners, there is possibility that these contracts may not be renewed or, if renewed, may not be renewed under the same or more favorable terms for us. We may not be able to accurately predict future trends in brand partners renewals, and our brand partners’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate due to factors such as level of satisfaction with our capacities, as well as factors beyond our control, such as level of competition faced by our brand partners, their level of success in e-commerce and their spending levels.
In particular, some of our existing brand partners have had years of cooperation with us and we generated a significant portion of our net revenue through the sale of products from our brand partners in the stores operated by us. Net revenues related to our top three brand partners as ranked by net revenues comprised approximately 57%, 10% and 8% of our total net revenues, respectively, in 2021. We had 11 brand partners contributing all of our gross merchandise value (GMV) in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the products sales of two of Able View’s brand partners contributed over 10% of the Company’s revenue, with the top brand partner, Clarins, contributing 54%. Able View established partnership relations with four new brands in the first half of 2023.If any brand partner terminates or does not renew its business relationship with us, our GMV may be materially and adversely affected. In the past, some brand partners did not renew their business relationships with us, and we cannot assure you that our existing brand partners will renew their business relationships with us in the future. If some of our existing brand partners, in particular brand partners with years of cooperation with us, terminate or do not renew their business relationships with us or renew on less favorable terms, and we do not acquire replacement brand partners or otherwise grow our brand partner base, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
The non-compete provisions in some of our contracts with existing brand partners may restrict us from selling product of, or providing service to other brand partners, may negatively influence our development and expansion of our brand partner base.
Some of our contracts with existing brand partners were based on standard forms proposed by such brand partners that contain non-compete provisions prohibiting us from selling products of, or providing similar services to, competitors of such brand partners. Such provision has restricted and may continue to restrict the development and expansion of our business with some of our brand partners. As our business further expands, we may engage in business with multiple brand partners that may be in competition with each other and may be subject to similar non-compete restrictions requested from other existing brand partners or future brand partners. We cannot assure you that we will not be found to be in breach of such non-compete provisions with our existing or future brand partners if any of our brand partners brings claims against us for breach of such provisions. If any such claim is brought against us and we are found to be in breach of any non-compete provision, we may be subject to potential liabilities and penalties for breach of contracts, including liquidated damages and forfeiture of sales bonuses, and our brand partners may decide to terminate their contracts with us, which may cause us to lose revenue. As a result of such potential breach, our reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
In several of our contractual arrangements with our brand partners, there is a provision that specifies a sales volume target for us to fulfil within a certain period of time. If we fail to fulfill the sales target number, our brand partners have the right to unilaterally terminate the agreement, which may materially and adversely affect our business.
We may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our business or optimally implement our business strategies.
To realize our mission of providing comprehensive brand management capabilities to our brand partners, we have expanded our business, and plan to continue expanding our business. We have been widening our relationships with existing brand partners to include more offerings, procuring new brand partners with different products, improving our logistic and fulfillment capabilities to support our expanded offering and growing through acquisitions of complementary businesses. This expansion has contributed to a heightened level of complexity of our business, in terms of both the type and scale of our operations, which may place a significant strain on our operational, financial and technical resources and increase demands on our management and employees. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage our expansion successfully, and failure to do so may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We are also continuously executing a number of growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans designed to enhance our business. The anticipated benefits from these efforts are based on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Moreover, we may not be able to successfully complete these growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans and realize all of the benefits that we expect to achieve, such as expanding our product and service offerings, expanding our offline channel coverage, or it may be more costly to do so than we anticipate. In addition, profitability, if any, in the new areas that we expand into may be lower than the profitability in our existing business, and we may not be successful enough in these newer areas to recoup our investments in them. If any of these circumstances were to occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
If we fail to maintain our relationships with e-commerce channels or adapt ourselves to emerging e-commerce channels, or if e-commerce channels otherwise curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our capabilities with their channels, our capabilities would be less appealing to existing and potential brand partners.
We generate substantially all of our revenues in distributing and selling cross-border products from various global brand owners to Chinese consumers from multiple e-commerce channels, including (i) via online marketplaces (ii) via distributors (iii) directly to end consumers from e-commerce stores operated by Able View. These e-commerce channels have no obligation to do business with us or to allow us to have access to their channels in the long term. If we fail to maintain our relationships with these channels, they may decide at any time and for any reason to significantly curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our capabilities with their channels. A majority of our platform service agreements have been renewed on an annual basis.
Additionally, these channels may decide to make significant changes to their respective business models, policies, systems or plans, and those changes could impair or inhibit our ability or our partners’ ability to leverage our capabilities to sell their products on those channels, or may adversely affect the amount of GMV that our partners can sell on those channels, or otherwise reduce the desirability of selling on those channels. Further, any of these channels could decide to acquire capabilities that would allow them to compete with us. If we are unable to adapt to new e-commerce channels as they emerge, our capabilities may be less attractive to our partners. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
If certain mainstream e-commerce channels, such as Tmall and JD.com., fail, we may be negatively influenced.
A significant portion of our GMV is derived from merchandise sold or services rendered on Tmall and JD.com, which comprise 31% and 32%, 18% and 31%, 20% and 32%, respectively of our total GMV in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. If e-commerce channels such as Tmall and JD.com are not successful in attracting consumers or their reputations are adversely affected for whatever reasons, our brand partners may have to cease to sell their products on these channels. As our results of operations rely on the sales performance on these e-commerce channels, a decrease in the use of these channels would reduce demands for our services, and we may have to push for more sales in other channels, which requires search and transition time. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our business and results of operations will not be negatively influenced in the short term if such situation arises.
A variable portion of the revenues we generate from certain brand partners is based upon the amount of GMV, and any change to such pricing mechanism may adversely affect our financial results.
A portion of the revenues we generate from certain brand partners is variable based on GMV generated through such partners’ online stores that we operate, based on terms we negotiate with the brand partners. If that GMV were to decline, does not grow as expected, or if our partners demand pricing terms that do not provide for variability based on the value of purchases transacted and settled on the stores operated by us, our revenue, profitability and business prospects may be adversely affected.
In addition, the ratio of our revenues as a percentage of GMV generated through the online stores that we operate for brand partners could vary as their bargaining power increases or our service scope reduces, which could adversely affect our financial results. We also intend to focus on high quality GMV categories. Although we are focused on achieving a higher ratio of our revenues as a percentage of GMV generated through the partners’ online stores that we operate, there is no guarantee that we will successfully achieve this and our failure to do so could adversely affect our financial results.
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We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
We face intense competition in the market for being comprehensive brand management partner, and we expect competition to continue to intensify in the future. Our contracts with our brand partners are generally not written on an exclusive basis and we generally do not have contractual rights to exclude other agents to sell the products of our brand partners under the distribution model. As a result, once brand partners decide to switch part of their products sales to our competitors, we may face competitions with other brand management providers that our brand partners work with. Increased competition may result in reduced pricing for providing the products or a decrease in our market share, any of which could negatively affect our ability to retain existing brand partners and attract new brand partners, our future financial and operating results, and our ability to grow our business.
A number of competitive factors could cause us to lose potential sales including:
| ● | Potential brand partners may choose to use or develop applications or build e-commerce teams or infrastructures in-house, rather than engage us for product sales and brand management; |
| ● | The e-commerce channels themselves, which typically offer, often free, software tools that allow brand partners to connect to the e-commerce channels, may decide to compete more vigorously with us; |
| ● | Competitors may adopt more aggressive pricing policies and offer more attractive sales terms, adapt more quickly to new technologies and changes in brand partners’ requirements, and/or devote greater resources to the promotion and sales than we can; |
| ● | Current and potential competitors may offer software or services that addresses one or more online channel management and logistics functions at a lower price point or with greater depth than our solutions and may be able to devote greater resources to those than we can; and |
| ● | Software vendors could bundle channel management solutions with other solutions or offer such products at a lower price as part of a larger product sale. |
In addition, competition may intensify as our competitors raise additional capital and as established companies in other market segments or geographic markets expand into our market segments or geographic markets. If we cannot compete successfully against our competitors, our business and our operating and financial results could be adversely affected.
Material disruption of e-commerce channels could prevent us from providing services to our brand partners and reduce sales in stores operated by us.
E-commerce channels could cease operations unexpectedly due to a number of events, including interruptions in telecommunication services, computer viruses or unlawful access to e-commerce channels. Any material channel downtime or disruption could prevent us from providing services to our brand partners and reduce sales in stores operated by us. If one or more of the e-commerce channels we operate on experience downtime or disruption, the adverse effects of such downtime and disruption could be significant to our operations as a whole.
The proper functioning of the technology platforms provided by third parties is essential to our business. Any failure to maintain the satisfactory performance of such platform could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation.
The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of the technology platforms provided by third parties are critical to our success and our ability to attract and retain brand partners and provide quality customer services. Any system interruptions caused by telecommunications failures, errors encountered during system upgrades or system expansions, computer viruses, hacking or other attempts to harm our systems that result in the unavailability or slowdown of the technology platform, degraded order fulfillment performance, or additional shipping and handling costs may, individually or collectively, materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
We use platforms and applications provided by third parties, such as those provided by Tmall and JD to manage and operate our business, which we regard to be the best method to maximize our profitability. If any of these platforms fails, becomes disabled or is disrupted, even for a limited period of time, our businesses may be disrupted and we could suffer financial loss, liability to clients, loss of clients, or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition. In addition, these third-party providers may cease providing us the access to use the platforms, elect to not renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, breach their agreements with us or fail to satisfy our expectations, which could adversely impact our operations and require us to incur costs which could materially adversely affect our results of operation or financial condition.
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In addition, any system failure or interruption could cause material damage to our reputation and brand image if our systems are perceived to be insecure or unreliable. The servers may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could lead to system interruptions, website slowdown or unavailability, delays or errors in transaction processing, loss of data or the inability to accept and fulfill consumers’ orders. Security breaches, computer viruses and hacking attacks have become more prevalent in our industry. We have experienced system failure and interruption in the past and may experience in the future such attacks and unexpected interruptions. We can provide no assurance that the current security mechanisms will be sufficient to protect the IT systems we are using from any third-party intrusions, viruses or hacker attacks, information or data theft or other similar activities. Any such future occurrences could materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, system upgrade and improvement are essential to support our business growth, and failure to do so could impede our growth. However, we cannot assure you that these third-parties who provide us the access to the platforms will be executing these system upgrades and improvement strategies in a timely fashion, or succeed in doing so at all. In particular, the systems may experience interruptions during upgrades, and the new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with the existing systems on a timely basis, or at all. If the technology platform we are using or will use does not function properly, it could cause system disruptions and slow response times, affecting data transmission, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We also rely on technologies that we license from third parties, such as Microsoft, Adobe and certain management information systems. These licenses may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all in the future. As a result, we may be required to obtain substitute technologies. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such substitute technologies on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could negatively affect the functionality of our technology platform and our business operations.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent years, and failure to manage our growth and return to or maintain profitability could harm our business and prospects.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Our total net revenues increased from $0.14 million in 2016 to $145.3 million in 2022, representing a compound annual growth rate of 217%. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to maintain our historical growth rates in future periods. Our revenue growth may slow or our revenues may decline for many reasons, including competition, slower growth of the China retail or China online retail sales, fulfillment bottlenecks, emergence of alternative business models, changes in government policies and other general economic conditions.
Our growth has placed, and continues to place, significant strain on our management and resources. We anticipate that we will need to implement new or upgraded operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, including the improvement of our accounting and other internal management systems. We also need to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce and manage our relationships with our partners, suppliers, third-party merchants and other service providers. To return to or maintain profitability, we must implement such upgrades, manage our workforce cost-effectively and manage our cost of products and operating expenses. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage our growth or return to or maintain profitability or execute our strategies effectively, and any failure to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. Accordingly, our historical performance may not be indicative of future operating results.
Any occurrence of a natural disaster, health epidemic or similar development could have a material adverse effect on our business. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic had and may continue to have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, snowstorms, typhoon, or fires, widespread health epidemics, such as avian influenza, swine flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, Ebola, Zika, COVID-19, or other events, such as wars, acts of terrorism, environmental accidents, power shortage or communication interruptions. Such developments in China or elsewhere could disrupt our business and operations, cause a temporary closure of facilities we use for our operations, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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In recent years, there have been outbreaks of health epidemics in various countries globally, including the outbreak of COVID-19. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, disruptions to supply chains, and temporary closure of stores and facilities in China and globally. Especially in the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic slowed down our growth pace and caused us to incur incremental costs, such as additional fulfillment expenses and general and administrative expenses, which resulted in a decrease in our income from operations and net income in the first quarter of 2020. In addition, not only COVID-19, other similar epidemics may also disrupt supply chains and diminishing e-commerce fulfilment and logistics capabilities, as well as result in weaker consumer demand; all these consequences may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. To the extent that the COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause harm, or any other epidemic or pandemic causes harm, to global economy, our results of operations will likely be further adversely and materially affected. We cannot assure you that, for the year ending December 31, 2023 or any future period, we will be able to achieve the same level of net income that we previously achieved. Any potential impact on our financial results will depend on, to a large extent, future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or affect its impact, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable. Potential impacts include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | temporary closure of offices, travel restrictions or suspension of business operations of our brand partners and other customers have negatively affected, and could continue to negatively affect, the demand for our services and the goods sold in the stores or the platform operated by us; |
| ● | our brand partners may encounter supply chain disruptions, which could significantly reduce supply of goods; |
| ● | our brand partners may require additional time to pay us or fail to pay us at all, which could significantly increase the amount and turnover days of our accounts receivable and require us to record additional allowances for doubtful accounts; |
| ● | our consumers may decrease their level of spending on the products we or our brand partners sold, which could significantly increase our inventory amount and turnover days; |
| ● | the acquisition of new brand partners and ramp up of operations for newly-added brand partners may be negatively impacted, which could significantly reduce revenues contribution from new brand partners; |
| ● | any disruption of our logistics providers and disruptions to our fulfilment and logistics capabilities could adversely impact our business and results of operations, including materially delay delivery to consumers, which may also lead to loss of consumers, as well as reputational, competitive and business harm to us; |
| ● | any precautionary measures intended to minimize the risks of COVID-19 to our employees and business partners, including temporarily requiring our employees to work remotely, cancelling or postponing industry events and business travel, could compromise our efficiency and productivity during such periods and incur additional costs, slow down our branding and marketing efforts, and result in short-term fluctuations in our results of operations. |
Because of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the financial impact related to the outbreak of and response to the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. As the worldwide health crisis caused by COVID-19 continues to evolve and affect the global economy and financial markets, it may potentially result in a further sustained economic downturn, thereby having an additional material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our results of operations are subject to fluctuations due to the seasonality of our business and other events.
We expect to experience seasonal fluctuations in our revenues. These seasonal patterns have caused and will continue to cause fluctuations in our operating results. Our results of operations historically have been seasonal primarily because consumers increase their purchases during particular promotional activities, such as Singles Day (an online sales promotions event that falls on or around November 11 each year) promotion and the impact of seasonal buying patterns within certain categories such as sunscreen. In addition, we generally experience a lower level of sales activity in the first quarter due to the Chinese New Year holiday, during which consumers generally spend less time shopping online and businesses in China are generally closed.
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In anticipation of increased sales activity during peak seasons, we increase our inventory levels and incur additional expenses. After Able View goes public, if our seasonal revenues are below expectations, our operating results could be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. Due to the nature of our business, it is difficult to predict the impact of this seasonality on our business and financial results. In the future, our seasonal sales patterns may become more pronounced, may strain our personnel, customer service operations, fulfillment operations and shipment activities and may cause a shortfall in revenues compared to expenses in a given period. As a result, the trading price of Pubco’s ordinary shares may fluctuate from time to time due to seasonality following the consummation of the Business Combination.
In addition, if too many consumers access the online stores operated by us within a short period of time due to increased promotions or other demand surges, we may experience system interruptions that make such online stores unavailable or prevent us from transmitting orders to our fulfillment operations. Any such system interruptions may reduce the volume of transactions in the stores that we operate as well as the attractiveness of such online stores to consumers. In anticipation of increased sales activity during peak seasons, we and our brand partners increase our inventory levels. If we and our brand partners do not increase inventory levels for popular products in sufficient amounts or are unable to restock popular products in a timely manner, we and our brand partners may fail to meet customer demand which could reduce the attractiveness of such online stores. Alternatively, if we overstock products, we may be required to take significant inventory markdowns or write-offs under the distribution model, which could reduce profits. Either of these outcomes may lead our brand partners to reduce their engagement with us.
Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.
We have a substantial amount of short term indebtedness at various interest rates. As of December 31, 2022, we had a total short term indebtedness liability of approximately $26.97 million and total long term indebtedness liability of approximately $18.35 million, relative to a twelve-month net income of approximately $7.90 million in the twelve months ended at the same date and a total liability of approximately $49.09 million as of the same date. This short term indebtedness includes short term borrowings from banks, financial institutions, third parties and related parties.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company entered into one loan agreement with a bank, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $57.06 million with maturity date due through May 2023. The borrowing bore interest rates ranging of 3.5% per annum. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repaid borrowings of $50.63 million. As of the date of this prospectus/proxy statement, this loan has been fully repaid. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company entered into certain loan agreements with three financial institutions. Pursuant to which the Company borrowed $28.50 million and $34.53 million from these financial institutions with maturity dates due through December 31, 2023. The borrowings bore interest rates ranging between 6.0% and 12.3% per annum. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company repaid borrowings of $22.15 million and $34.30 million, respectively.
Our substantial level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including the following:
| ● | we must use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay interest and principal on these loans, which will reduce funds available to us for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures, other general corporate purposes and potential acquisitions; |
| ● | our ability to refinance such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes may be impaired; |
| ● | we will be exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates; |
| ● | our leverage may be greater than that of some of our competitors in the same markets, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage and reduce our flexibility in responding to current and changing industry and financial market conditions; |
| ● | we may be more vulnerable to the economic downturns and adverse developments in our business; |
| ● | we may be unable to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants in our debt agreements, which could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, may result in adverse effect on our business and prospects, and force us into bankruptcy or liquidation; and |
| ● | in the event of insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up of our business, if there are not sufficient assets remaining to pay all creditors, then all or a portion of the amounts due on some of our indebtedness then outstanding may remain unpaid. |
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We may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our existing indebtedness. For example, we may incur additional debt to fund our business and strategic initiatives. If we incur additional debt and other obligations, the risks associated with our leverage and the ability to service such debt would increase.
Our ability to meet expenses, to remain in compliance with our covenants under our debt arrangements and to make future principal and interest payments in respect of our debt arrangements depends on, among other things, our operating performance, competitive developments and financial market conditions, all of which are significantly affected by financial, business, economic and other factors. We are not able to control many of these factors. Accordingly, our cash flow may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations. If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under our indebtedness.
If we fail to manage our accounts receivable effectively or fail to collect our accounts receivable, our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity may be materially and adversely affected.
We generally receive funds which is created by our flagship online stores from the e-commerce platforms within no more than two weeks, and from other e-commerce platforms and third-party distributor within one to two months after online consumers have confirmed receipt of goods. We normally provide our brand partners with a credit period of one month to four months. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our accounts receivable amounted to $21.1 million and $10.4 million, respectively. Our accounts receivable turnover days were 40 days and 33 days in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amount and turnover days of our accounts receivable may increase in the future, which will make it more challenging for us to manage our working capital effectively and our results of operations, financial conditions and liquidity may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if some brand partners refuse to settle their accounts receivable, we may need to initiate legal proceedings for collection. There is no guarantee that we will finally collect such accounts receivable.
If we fail to manage our inventory effectively, our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity may be materially and adversely affected.
We assume inventory ownership of the products of all of our brand partners and thus are subject to inventory risk. We deploy different strategies to deal with non-seasonal and seasonal demands and make adjustments to our procurement plan in order to minimize the chance of excess unsold inventory and manage our product costs. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the time inventory is ordered and the date by which we target to sell it. Demand may be affected by seasonality, new product launches, fashion trends, changes in product cycles and pricing, product defects, changes in consumer spending patterns and habits, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products and other factors. In addition, when we begin selling a new product, it may be difficult to determine appropriate product selection and accurately forecast demand.
Our inventories were $18.7 million and $10.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increases in our inventories over these periods reflected the additional inventories required to support our expanded product sales volumes. Our inventory turnover days were 46 days and 32 days in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Inventory turnover days for a given period are equal to the average inventory balances as of the beginning and the end of the period divided by total cost of products during the period and multiplied by the number of days during the period.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our inventories and product costs. The amount and turnover days of our inventories may increase in the future, which will make it more challenging for us to manage our working capital effectively. If we fail to manage our inventory effectively, we may be subject to a heightened risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in inventory values, and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs. Our inventory may also be damaged due to natural disasters or accidents, such as fire accidents. In addition, we may be required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory level, which may lead to lower margins. Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
On the other hand, if we underestimate demand for our products, or if our brand partners under the distribution model fail to supply quality products in a timely manner or if there is any natural disaster or outbreak of pandemic or epidemic that disrupts supply chain, we may experience inventory shortages, which might result in missed sales, diminished brand loyalty and lost revenues, any of which could harm our business and reputation.
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We rely on marketing and promotional arrangements we signed with online services, search engines, and other websites to drive traffic to the stores we operate and for our other customers. If we are unable to enter into or properly maintain and manage these marketing and promotional arrangements, our ability to generate revenue could be adversely affected.
We have entered into marketing and promotional arrangements with online services, search engines, and other websites to provide content, advertising banners and other links to our brand partners’ e-commerce businesses. We expect to rely on these arrangements as significant sources of traffic to our brand partners’ e-commerce businesses and to attract new brand partners. We also provide digital marketing services to our other customers. If we are unable to maintain these relationships or enter into new arrangements on acceptable terms, our ability to attract new brand partners and new customers could be harmed. Further, many of the parties with which we may have online advertising arrangements provide advertising services for other marketers of goods. As a result, these parties may be reluctant to enter into or maintain relationships with us. Failure to achieve sufficient traffic or generate sufficient revenue from purchases originating from third parties may limit our brand partners’ and our ability to maintain market share and revenue and affect our profitability. Moreover, if we are unable to manage and conduct marketing and promotional activities for our clients cost-effectively, they may turn to other alternatives, reducing our revenues and potentially materially adversely affecting our business and reputation.
We may not be able to respond to rapid changes in e-commerce platform’s developments.
The e-commerce marketplace is characterized by rapid technological changes and frequent changes in rules, specifications and other requirements for our brand partners to be able to sell their merchandise on particular channels. Our ability to retain and attract brand partners depends in large part on our ability to improve our existing capabilities and introduce new practices that can adapt quickly to the emerging channels, such as Douyin and Xiaohongshu, and these changes in channel technologies. To achieve market acceptance for our practices, we must effectively anticipate and conduct activities that meet emerging channels and frequently changing channel requirements in a timely manner. If we fail to do so, our ability to renew our contracts with existing brand partners will be impaired.
If we and our brand partners fail to anticipate changes in consumers’ buying preferences and adjust product offering and merchandising of the stores that we operate accordingly, our results of operation may be materially and adversely impacted.
Our success depends, in part, upon our ability and our brand partners’ ability to anticipate and respond to consumer trends with respect to products sold through the stores that we operate and other channels we distribute products to. Constantly changing consumer preferences have affected and will continue to affect the retail industry. We must stay abreast of emerging consumer preferences and anticipate product trends that will appeal to existing and potential consumers. Our dedicated online store operation teams work closely with our brand partners to manage inventory and site content of the brand stores that we operate. In order to be successful, we and our brand partners must accurately predict consumers’ tastes and avoid overstocking or understocking products. If we or our brand partners fail to identify or respond to changes in merchandising and consumer preferences, sales on our brand partners’ e-commerce businesses could suffer and we or our brand partners could be required to mark down unsold inventory, which could negatively impact our financial results.
Any deficiencies in China’s telecommunication infrastructure could impair our ability to conduct e-commerce and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the telecommunication infrastructure in China. The availability of the technology platforms provide by third parties depends on telecommunications carriers and other third-party providers for communications and storage capacity, including bandwidth and server storage, among other things. Almost all access to the internet and mobile network is maintained through state-owned telecommunication carriers under administrative control, and we obtain access to end-user networks operated by such telecommunications carriers and service providers to present our internet platform to consumers. We have experienced service interruptions in the past, which were typically caused by service interruptions at the underlying external telecommunications service providers, such as the internet data centers and broadband carriers from which we lease services. Service interruptions prevent brand partners from utilizing our technology platform, and frequent or extended interruptions could frustrate consumers and discourage them from attempting to place orders, which could cause us and our brand partners to lose consumers and adversely affect our results of operations.
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Software failures or human errors could cause us to oversell our brand partners’ inventory or misprice their offerings, which would hurt our reputation.
We, on behalf of our brand partners, automate the allocation of the inventories simultaneously across multiple online channels, as well as to ensure that the sales comply with the policies of each channel. In the event that our automated allocations do not function properly, or if there are human errors on the part of our service staff, we may sell more inventories than we actually have in stock or make sales that violate channel policies. Errors in the software we use or human error could cause transactions to be incorrectly processed that would cause GMV and our fees to be overstated. We have experienced rare instances of such errors in the past and might experience similar occurrences in the future which could hurt our business reputation. Brand partners could also seek recourse against us in these cases.
Any interruption in our fulfillment operations for an extended period may have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
Our ability to process and fulfill orders accurately depends on the smooth operation of our fulfillment and warehousing network. Warehouses rent by us may be vulnerable to damage caused by fire, flood, power outage, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquake, human error and other events. If any of our fulfillment and logistics infrastructures were rendered incapable of operations, then we may be unable to fulfill any orders from the affected infrastructure. We do not carry business interruption insurance to protect us from natural disasters and force majeure risks, and the occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on third-party delivery service providers to deliver products to consumers, and if they fail to provide reliable delivery services our business and reputation may be materially and adversely affected.
We rely on third-party delivery service providers to deliver products to consumers, and any major interruptions to or failures in these third parties’ delivery services could prevent the timely or successful delivery of products. These interruptions may be due to unforeseen events that are beyond our control or the control of these third-party delivery companies, such as inclement weather, natural disasters, transportation interruptions, fire incidents, labor unrest or shortage, pandemics or epidemics. If products are not delivered on time or are delivered in a damaged state, consumers may refuse to accept products and may claim refund from us or our brand partners, and brand partners and consumers may have less confidence in our services. As a result, we may lose brand partners, and our financial condition and reputation could suffer.
Our service partners’ failure to effectively manage the capacity and utilization of the warehouse we use could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operation.
As of the date of this prospectus, all of our warehouses are operated and managed by third parties, which we engage with through several service agreements. These service partners may not be able to effectively manage our inventories or timely provide enough space for our storage, and we may have to enforce the agreements through legal remedies, which may be expensive and costly. If they fail to effectively manage the warehouse facilities, we may have to find more service partners to provide similar services, and our costs will rise as a percentage of revenue. In addition, since we operate the warehouse through our services providers relying on service agreements, we cannot control the method on how they manage the warehouse and our inventories, and if their management cannot satisfy or sudden incident occur during their management, we may be forced to switch to other warehouses managed by other services providers. We cannot assure we are able to find substitute immediately. There can be no assurance that failure to manage our warehouse capacity and utilization will not have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operation.
We are subject to third-party payment processing related risks.
We accept payments using a variety of methods, including online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major banks in China, payment through third-party online payment platforms such as Alipay and WeChat Pay, and payment on delivery. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower our profitability. We may also be subject to fraud and other illegal activities in connection with the various payment methods we offer, including online payment and payment on delivery options. We are also subject to various rules, regulations and requirements, regulatory or otherwise, governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from consumers, process electronic funds transfers or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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If we are unable to provide high-quality customer service, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We depend on our customer service representatives in our customer service center to provide live assistance to customers. If our online customer service representatives fail to satisfy the individual needs of consumers, the sales of our brand partners’ products could be negatively affected, and we may lose potential or existing brand partners, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper use or disclosure of such data could harm our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.
Negative publicity, including negative internet postings, about us, our Able View brand, management, brand partners and product offerings may have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and the trading price of our ordinary shares.
Negative publicity about us, our Able View brand, management, brand partners and product offerings may arise from time to time. Negative comments about the stores operated by us, products offered in such stores, our business operation and management may appear in internet postings and other media sources from time to time and we cannot assure you that other types of negative publicity of a more serious nature will not arise in the future. For example, if our customer service representatives fail to satisfy the individual needs of our consumers, our consumers may become disgruntled and disseminate negative comments about our product offerings and services. In addition, our brand partners may also be subject to negative publicity for various reasons, such as consumers’ complaints about the quality of their products and related services or other public relation incidents of such brand partners, which may adversely affect the sales of products of these brand partners in the stores operated by us and indirectly affect our reputation.
Moreover, negative publicity about other online retailers or brand management player in China may arise from time to time and cause consumers and suppliers to lose confidence in the products and services we offer. Any such negative publicity, regardless of veracity, may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results, our reputation and the trading price of our ordinary shares.
If counterfeit products are sold in the stores we operate or other channels where the products are distributed, our reputation and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.
We represent reputable brands, and we source goods from our brand partners directly or through third party procurement agents authorized by our brand partners. However, their measures of safeguarding against counterfeit products may not be adequate. Although we have indemnity clauses in most of our contracts with our brand partners, sales could decline and we may suffer reputational harm. We may be subject to sanctions under applicable laws and regulations if we are deemed to have participated or assisted in infringement activities associated with counterfeit goods, which may include injunctions to cease infringing activities, rectification, compensation, administrative penalties and even criminal liability, depending on the gravity of such misconduct. Furthermore, counterfeit products may be defective or inferior in quality as compared to authentic products and may pose safety risks to consumers. If consumers are injured by counterfeit products sold through the stores we operate or the platform we operated, we may be subject to lawsuits, severe administrative penalties and criminal liability. We believe our reputation is extremely important to our success and our competitive position. The discovery of counterfeit products sold through the stores we operate or the platform we operated may severally damage our reputation among brand partners, and they may refrain from using our services in the future, which would materially and adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business or failure to comply with PRC Laws and regulations may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our mainland China subsidiaries are subject to supervision and regulation by relevant PRC government authorities, including without limitation the Ministry of the Commerce, or the MOFCOM, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT, the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR and National Medical Products Administration. These government authorities promulgate and enforce regulations that cover many aspects of online retailing and distribution of products such as food and medical devices, including scope of permitted business activities, licenses and permits for business operation, and restriction on foreign investments. Meanwhile, the brand partners we partner with are also obliged to hold licenses and meet regulatory requirements in order to sell products themselves or through our e-commerce capabilities. While we currently hold all material licenses and permits required for our business operations, we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew these licenses and permits upon their expiration or to expand the current business scope of these licenses and permits when required, obtain any license or permit that is in application, or obtain new licenses or permits in the future as a result of our business expansion, change in our business operations or change in laws and regulations applicable to us.
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As e-commerce business via internet and mobile network is still evolving in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time, and substantial uncertainties exist regarding interpretation and implementation of current and future PRC Laws and regulations applicable to our business operations. We cannot assure you that our current business activities will not be found in violation of any future laws and regulations or any of the laws and regulations currently in effect due to changes in the relevant authorities’ interpretation of these laws and regulations. For example, the MIIT released the new Classified Catalog of Telecommunications Services, or the Telecommunication Catalog, on December 28, 2015, which came into effect on March 1, 2016 and later amended on June 6, 2019 and specifies that information services provided through mobile networks are recognized as internet information services. According to relevant MIIT rules, service providers, like operators of mobile application stores, will be required to meet certain qualifications, including obtaining a value-added telecommunication license, or a VAT License, covering internet information services rendered through mobile network, or an ICP License. In addition, according to the Telecommunication Catalog and other MIIT rules, operating a marketplace platform that connects sellers and buyers is categorized as online data processing and transaction processing services, and therefore such service providers are required to obtain a VAT License covering online data processing and transaction processing services. Given that the current business conducted by our PRC Operating Entities does not involve in operating a marketplace platform or providing any services concerning online data processing and transaction processing, we are not required to obtain the VAT License or ICP License. However, we cannot assure you that our current business activities will not be required to obtain such licenses in the future due to changes in the relevant MIIT laws and regulations or the authorities’ interpretation of these laws and regulations. With the expansion of our business in the future, we may be required to obtain other required licenses or expand the current scope of the licenses we hold to cover internet information services rendered through mobile networks or to cover other scopes such as online data processing and transaction processing service (in addition to operational e-commerce) that may be required by the government authorities from time to time.
Our business as operated by our Hong Kong subsidiaries is also subject to supervision and regulation by relevant government authorities in Hong Kong, including without limitation the Companies Registry and Business Registration Office, which, among other things, require us to complete certain registrations and to obtain various licenses and permits for our operations. As of the date of this prospectus, our Hong Kong subsidiaries is not required to obtain any special licenses and permits other than certificates of incorporation and business registration certificates, which are basic corporate documents for each company. While we currently hold all licenses and permits required for our business operation in Hong Kong, we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew these licenses and permits upon their expiration or to expand the current business scope of these licenses and permits when required, obtain any license or permit that is in application, or obtain new licenses or permits in the future as a result of our business expansion, change in our business operations or change in laws and regulations applicable to us.
If we fail to adapt to any new regulatory requirement or any competent government authority considers that we operate our business operation without any requisite license, permit or approval, or otherwise fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, we may be subject to administrative actions and penalties, including fines, confiscation of our incomes, revocation of our licenses or permits, or, in severe cases, cessation of certain business. In addition, if our brand partners are found by government authorities to have operated their business through us without requisite approvals, licenses or permits or otherwise to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations, they may be ordered to take rectification actions. Any of these actions may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our leased property interests may be defective and our right to lease and use the properties affected by such defects may be challenged, or we may fail to extend or renew our current leases or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities on commercially acceptable terms, which could cause significant disruption to our business.
We lease 8 premises in mainland China for our offices, as of the date of this prospectus. Some of the lessors of these leases have not provided us with sufficient documents to prove their ownership of the premises or their rights to lease the premises to us for our intended use. We may not be able to maintain such leases if the lessors are not legal owners of the properties or do not have competent authorizations from the legal owners of the properties or have not obtained requisite governmental approvals in respect of our leases. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully extend or renew our leases upon expiration of the current term or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and may therefore be forced to relocate our affected operations. Pursuant to the Administrative Measure for Commodity House Leasing, the parties to house leasing shall, within 30 days after the execution of the house leasing contract, submit the house leasing registration and filing formalities at the relevant construction or real estate administrative department at the place where the leased house is located. Otherwise, anyone failing to complete the leasing registration and filing will be ordered to make corrections within a prescribed time limit and/or be subject to a fine ranging from RMB 1,000 (approximately USD140) to RMB 10,000 (approximately USD1,403) if we fail to make corrections within such prescribed time limit. A substantial portion of our leasehold interests in leased properties have not been registered with the relevant PRC government authorities as required by the PRC law, which may expose us to potential fines if we fail to remediate after receiving any notice from the relevant PRC government authorities. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any actions, claims or investigations being contemplated by government authorities with respect to the defects in our leased real properties or any challenges by third parties to our use of these properties. However, if third parties who purport to be property owners challenge our right to use the leased properties, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully protect our leasehold interest, to extend or renew our leases upon expiration of the current term or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and may therefore be forced to relocate our affected operations, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
In addition, we may acquire certain land use right and titles in the relevant buildings for business operation purposes from time to time. Our use of the land and buildings we acquired may not be consistent with their approved usage, and some approvals, licenses and permits may be yet to be obtained for the construction and continuous use of such buildings. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully remedy the defects or obtain all the requisite approvals, licenses or permits. These could disrupt our operations and result in significant relocation expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we compete with other businesses for premises at certain locations or of certain sizes. As a result, even if we could extend or renew our leases, rental payments may significantly increase as a result of the high demand for the leased properties. In addition, we may not be able to locate desirable alternative sites for our facilities as our business continues to grow and failure in relocating our affected operations could adversely affect our business and operations.
We may be subject to product liability claims that could be costly and time-consuming.
We sell products manufactured by third parties, some of which may be defective. If any product that we sell were to cause personal injury or injury to property, the injured party or parties could bring claims against us as the retailer of the product. These claims will not be covered by insurance as we do not maintain any product liability insurance. Similarly, we could be subject to claims that consumers of the online stores operated by us were harmed due to their reliance on our product information, product selection guides, advice or instructions. If a successful claim were brought against us, it could adversely affect our business. We may have the right under applicable laws, rules and regulations to recover from the relevant brand partners’, manufacturers’ or distributors’ compensation that we are required to make to consumers or end users in connection with a product liability, personal injury or a similar claim, if such relevant party is found responsible. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover all or any amounts from these parties. We may encounter some call back of the products sold to consumers due to defective products, which may cause adverse effect on our operations. Any future product liability claim or large scale of call back due to defective products discovered, regardless of its merit or success, could result in the expenditure of funds and management time, adverse publicity and reputational harm and could have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.
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We depend on key management as well as experienced and capable personnel generally, and any failure to attract, motivate and retain our staff could severely hinder our ability to maintain and grow our business.
Our future success is significantly dependent upon the continued service of our key executives and other key employees. If we lose the services of any member of management or key personnel, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new staff, which could severely disrupt our business and growth.
Competition for talent in China is intense, and the availability of suitable and qualified candidates in China is limited. Competition for these individuals could cause us to offer higher compensation and other benefits to attract and retain them. Even if we were to offer higher compensation and other benefits, there is no assurance that these individuals will choose to join or continue to work for us. Any failure to attract or retain key management and personnel could severely disrupt our business and growth.
If we are unable to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel or sufficient workforce while controlling our labor costs, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on our ability to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel, particularly technical, fulfillment, marketing and other operational personnel with experience in the e-commerce industry. Since our industry is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent and labor, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain qualified staff or other highly skilled employees that we will need to achieve our strategic objectives. Particularly, our fulfillment infrastructure is labor intensive and requires a substantial number of blue-collar workers, and these positions tend to have higher than average turnover. We may need to but may be unable to hire additional employees in connection with the strengthening of our fulfillment capabilities.
We have observed an overall tightening of the labor market and an emerging trend of shortage of labor supply. Failure to obtain stable and dedicated warehousing, delivery and other labor support may lead to underperformance of these functions and cause disruption to our business. Labor costs in China have increased with China’s economic development, particularly in the large cities where we operate our fulfillment centers and more generally in the urban areas where we maintain our delivery and pickup stations. It is also costly to employ qualified personnel who have the knowledge and experience of working with leading global brands. In addition, our ability to train and integrate new employees into our operations may also be limited and may not meet the demand for our business growth on a timely fashion, or at all, and rapid expansion may impair our ability to maintain our corporate culture.
Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper storage, use or disclosure of such data could harm our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.
Our business generates and processes a large quantity of personal, transaction, demographic and behavioral data. We face risks inherent in handling and protecting large volumes of data. In particular, we face challenges relating to data derived from transactions and other activities on our platform, including:
| ● | protecting data in and hosted on our system, including against attacks on our system by outside parties or fraudulent behavior or improper use by our employees; |
| ● | addressing data privacy, security and other concerns; and |
| ● | complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use, disclosure or security of personal information, including any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to such data. |
Significant capital and other resources may be required to protect against information security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches or to comply with our privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations. The resources required may increase over time as the methods used by hackers and others engaged in online criminal activities are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by us to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, could cause our consumers to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims. Any perception by the public that online transactions or the privacy of user information are becoming increasingly unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could inhibit the growth of online retail and other online services generally.
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The PRC regulatory and enforcement regime with regard to data security and data protection is evolving. On July 1, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, or the SCNPC promulgated the National Security Law of the PRC, or the New National Security Law, which took effect on the same date and replaced the former National Security Law promulgated in 1993. The New National Security Law covers various types of national security including technology security and information security. According to the New National Security Law, the state shall ensure that the information system and data in important areas are secure and controllable. In addition, according to the New National Security Law, the state shall establish national security review and supervision institutions and mechanisms, and conduct national security reviews of key technologies and IT products and services that affect or may affect national security. In particular, we are legally obligated under the New National Security Law to safeguard national security by, for example, providing evidence related to activities endangering national security, providing convenience and assistance for national security work, and providing necessary support and assistance for national security institutions, public security institutions as well as military institutions. As such, we may have to provide data to PRC government authorities and military institutions for compliance with the New National Security Law, which may increase our expenses and subject us to negative publicity that could harm our reputation with users and negatively affect the trading price of our ordinary shares. In addition, on June 10, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Data Security Law of the PRC, or the Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law provides a national security review procedure for those data activities that may affect national security, and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information. As of the date of this prospectus, there are uncertainties on how the New National Security Law will be implemented in practice. PRC regulators, including the SCNPC, the MIIT and the Cybersecurity Administration of China, or the CAC, have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection. For example, on November 7, 2016, the SCNPC promulgated the Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017, strengthens the administration on cyber security. See “Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the Cybersecurity Law and the impact it may have on our business operations.” The Data Security Law sets forth data security and privacy related compliance obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data related activities. The Data Security Law also introduces a data classification and layered protection system based on the importance of data and the degree of impact on national security, public interests or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked or illegally acquired or used. We expect that these areas will receive greater attention and focus from regulators, as well as attract public scrutiny and attention going forward. This greater attention, scrutiny and enforcement, including more frequent inspections, could increase our compliance costs and, subject us to heightened risks and challenges associated with data security and protection. If we are unable to manage these risks, our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Please see “Risk Factors — We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity, data protection or anti-monopoly, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” for potential risks due to data protection in Hong Kong. As we expand our operations, we will be subject to additional laws and regulations in other jurisdictions where our brand partners, consumers and other customers are located, such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and the United States. The laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions may be at a more mature stage of development, be more comprehensive and nuanced in their scope, and impose more stringent or conflicting requirements and penalties than those in the mainland China, compliance with which could require significant resources and costs. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our privacy policies or with any regulatory requirements or privacy protection-related laws, rules and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. These proceedings or actions could subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase our costs and severely disrupt our business.
Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the Cybersecurity Law and the impact it may have on our business operations.
The Cybersecurity Law requires network operators in the PRC to take actions to prevent security attacks and data loss, including data classification and backup and encryption. The Cybersecurity Law specifies requirements on user information protection applicable to network operators, who are prohibited from disclosing without permission or selling individual information with limited exceptions. When network operators become aware of any information that is prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, they are required to immediately cease transmission of such information, and take measures such as deletion of relevant information to prevent its dissemination. Operators must maintain a record of these incidents when they occur and report them to the relevant authorities, who may also request for such reports. Where any prohibited information comes from outside the territory of China, the authorities may additionally request that all relevant institutions take measures to stop the dissemination of such prohibited information.
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In addition, on November 14, 2021, the Regulations on the Network Data Security (Draft for Comments), or the Network Data Security Draft Regulations, was proposed by the CAC for public comments until December 13, 2021, which applies to activities relating to the use of networks to carry out data processing activities within the territory of the PRC. The Network Data Security Draft Regulations set out general guidelines, protection of personal information, security of important data, security management of cross-border data transfer, obligations of internet platform operators, supervision and management, and legal liabilities. In accordance with the Network Data Security Draft Regulations, data processors shall apply for a cybersecurity review for the following activities: (i) merger, reorganization or division of internet platform operators that have acquired a large number of data resources related to national security, economic development or public interests to the extent that affects or may affect national security; (ii) listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users’ personal information; (iii) data processors listing in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security; or (iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. Besides, data processors that are listed overseas shall carry out an annual data security assessment. As of the date of this prospectus, the Network Data Security Draft Regulation was released for public comment only and its final version and effective date may be subject to change with substantial uncertainty.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC, and other twelve PRC regulatory authorities jointly revised and promulgated the Measures for Cyber Security Review, or the New Measures for Cyber Security Review, which came into effect on February 15, 2022 and replace the prior Measures for Cyber Security Review promulgated on April 13, 2020. The New Measures for Cyber Security Review provides that, among others, (i) the purchase of cyber products and services by critical information infrastructure operators and the network platform operators engaging in data processing activities that affects or may affect national security should be subject to the cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office, the department which is responsible for the implementation of cybersecurity review under the CAC; (ii) network platform operators with personal information data of more than one million users are obliged to apply for a cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office before listing abroad; and (iii) relevant governmental authorities in the PRC may initiate cybersecurity review if they determine the relevant network products or services or data processing activities affect or may affect national security.
As advised by our PRC counsel, we are not subject to mandatory cybersecurity review, since we (i) are not a network platform operator engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security; (ii) are not a critical information infrastructure operator purchasing cyber products or services that affect or may affect national security; (iii) are not a network platform operator with personal information data of more than one million users. Therefore, we do not need to obtain any permission or approval from the CAC for the listing of Pubco’s securities in accordance with the New Measures for Cyber Security Review. However, PRC governmental authorities have broad discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and there remains significant uncertainty on the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations. In particular, due to lack of details on the implementation of the Cybersecurity Law and the New Measures for Cyber Security Review, we cannot assure you that we would be able to comply with the requirements in a timely manner, or whether we should be deemed subject to it. Failure to comply with the requirements may lead to fines, revocation of business permits or licenses and other sanctions.
National laws adopted by the PRC are not applicable in Hong Kong, except for those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law. Further, there is no legislation stating that the laws in Hong Kong should commensurate with those in the PRC. With regard to the potential regulatory actions related to data security in Hong Kong, please refer to our disclosures in “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong — We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity, data protection or anti-monopoly, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” on page 44. Apart from the foregoing, there is no other impact on our ability to conduct our business as presently conducted, accept foreign investments, or list on a U.S. or foreign exchange.
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Based on the facts that the New Measures for Cyber Security Review and the Network Data Security Draft Regulations were newly adopted or have not been formally adopted and are still subject to further guidance, we cannot assure you that we would be able to comply with the requirements in a timely manner. Failure to comply with the requirements may lead to fines, revocation of business permits or licenses and other sanctions.
Finally, we procure equipment or software for storage, encryption and decryption from time to time. It remains unclear whether such equipment or software will fall into the category of the so-called “critical network equipment” or “dedicated network security products” due to lack of criteria or standards in the Cybersecurity Law. On June 1, 2017, the MIIT and other three PRC regulatory authorities jointly promulgated the Catalog of Critical Network Equipment and Dedicated Network Security Products (Batch One), which provides that any equipment and product listed in this catalog shall not be sold or supplied unless it is certified or tested by qualified organizations. In addition, pursuant to the Announcement on Uniform Issuance of the Security Certification and Security Testing Results of Critical Network Equipment and Dedicated Network Security Products, the critical network equipment and dedicated network security products which have been certified or tested by qualified organizations and meet the mandatory requirements of relevant national standards shall be published. To the date of this prospectus, eight batches of qualified critical network equipment have been published on the website of the MIIT. As such, we cannot assure you that the equipment and software we have procured or may procure in the future comply with the requirements, and we may incur additional costs to comply with the requirements.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
We rely on a combination of trademark, fair trade practice, and trade secret protection laws in China and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to protect our intellectual property rights. We typically enter into confidentiality agreements with certain senior management and core personnel who may access our proprietary information, and we rigorously control access to our proprietary technology and information.
Intellectual property protection may not be sufficient in China or other countries in which we operate. confidentiality agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China or elsewhere. In addition, policing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, time-consuming and costly and the steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Under the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, or the PRC Foreign Investment Law, promulgated by the National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019, which became effective on January 1, 2020, the PRC government encourages technology cooperation on the basis of free will and business rules in the process of foreign investment; no administrative agency or its employee may force the transfer of any technology by administrative means. However, because the PRC Foreign Investment Law is relatively new, there remain high uncertainties with regard to how the law will be interpreted and enforced.
Able View is also subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding intellectual property rights in Hong Kong, including but are not limited to the Trade Marks Ordinance (Chapter 559 of the Laws of Hong Kong), which provides for the registration of trademarks, the use of registered trademarks and related matters. Intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our clients.
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We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties and violating content restrictions of relevant laws.
Third parties may claim that the technology or content used in our operation of online stores or our service offerings infringe upon their intellectual property rights. We have been in the past subject to non-material legal proceedings and claims relating to infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. The possibility of intellectual property claims against us increases as we continue to grow, particularly internationally. Such claims, whether having merit, may result in our expenditure of significant financial and management resources, injunctions against us or payment of damages. We may need to obtain licenses from third parties who allege that we have infringed their rights, but such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. These risks have been amplified by the increase in the number of third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims. In addition, we have registered or are in the process of registering some marks we used for our business but some of our applications have been or may be rejected by the governmental authority. As some third parties have already registered or may register the trademarks which are similar to the marks we used in our business, infringement claims may be asserted against us, and we cannot assure you that a government authority or a court will hold the view that such similarity will not cause confusion in the market. In this case, we may be required to explore the possibility of acquiring these trademarks from, or entering into exclusive licensing agreements with the third parties, which will cause us to incur additional costs.
China has enacted laws and regulations governing internet access and the distribution of products, services, news, information, audio-video programs and other content through the internet. The PRC government has prohibited the distribution of information through the internet that it deems to be in violation of PRC Laws and regulations. If any of the information disseminated through the online stores operated by us were deemed by the PRC government to violate any content restrictions, we would not be able to continue to display such content and could become subject to penalties, including confiscation of income, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The outcome of any claims, investigations and proceedings is inherently uncertain, and in any event defending against these claims could be both costly and time-consuming, and could significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management and other personnel. An adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings could cause us to pay damages, as well as legal and other costs, limit our ability to conduct business or require us to change the manner in which we operate.
Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from growing.
We may in the future be required to raise capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. Additional equity or equity linked financing may dilute the interests of our shareholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could restrict our operational flexibility and reduce our profitability. The resale of the shares being registered by this registration statement will be considerable relative to the Company’s public float. Misters Wenming Mu, Jing Tang and Jun Wang, beneficial owners of over 5% of our outstanding shares each and over 25% in the aggregate, will be able to sell all of their shares for so long as the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is available for use. As a result, any potential sales of a substantial portion of shares, when and if occurs over a short period of time, under this registration statement could have significant negative impact on the public trading price of the Class B Ordinary Share of the Company and our ability to raise capital in the future.
Our ability to obtain additional financing in the future is subject to many uncertainties, including our future financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, trading price of our ordinary shares, liquidity of international capital and lending markets and PRC governmental regulations over foreign investment and cross-border financing and the Internet industry in the PRC. For example, the National Development and Reform Commission of China, or the NDRC, has issued a number of rules requiring filing with the NDRC of foreign debt issuance since September 2015. In May 2016, the NDRC also specifically required offshore incorporated companies directly or indirectly controlled by PRC domestic enterprises, and although not explicitly required by statute, individual PRC residents, to complete filings with the NDRC before pricing and closing of any offshore debt issuance, and to furnish post-issuance reporting to the NDRC, otherwise, the offshore incorporated companies directly or indirectly controlled by PRC domestic enterprises or individual PRC residents will be put on a blacklist of credits and such information will be published on the PRC credit information sharing platform. The NDRC and other relevant authorities may also impose joint sanctions on the issuers listed on the blacklist. Pursuant to Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance on Improving the Market Restraint Mechanism and Strictly Preventing Foreign Debt Risks and Local Debt Risks effective in May 2018, among others, enterprises that plan to borrow medium-term and long-term foreign debts shall establish and improve a sound and standardized corporate governance structure, management and decision-making mechanisms and financial management rules and properly disclose relevant information. We may be considered as an offshore incorporated company indirectly controlled by individual PRC residents and thus our issuance of foreign debt may be subject to these requirements. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.
Furthermore, according to the risk alert dated May 25, 2016 published on the NDRC’s website, issuers who fail to furnish the post-issuance reporting will be put on a blacklist and the PRC credit information sharing platform, which may potentially result in restrictions on the offshore debt issuance in the future.
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We may not have sufficient insurance coverage to fully cover our business risks, which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.
We have not obtained any insurance, such as business interruption insurance or product liability insurance, nor do we maintain key-man life insurance to cover potential risks in the daily operation of the business. This could leave us exposed to potential claims and losses. As for the inventory in the warehouse we are using, we depend on the insurance held by our third-party service partners to cover our loss, if any. Therefore, we do not have any control over which insurance is selected by them and we cannot confirm whether our third-party service partners have obtained any insurance at all. In addition, insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products. As a result, even if we are successful in our claims against third-party service providers when certain accidents occurred, the insurance bought by our third-party service providers may not be able to fully, or at all, pay the damages resulting from such accidents. Our third-party service providers, if any, may also fail to purchase insurance or maintain effective insurance. Under these circumstances, we have to claim compensation directly from our service providers through friendly negotiation or other legal proceedings, such as arbitrations or litigations, which may be time-consuming and costly, and we cannot be sure that we can any adequate compensation for losses. Any business disruption, litigation, regulatory action, outbreak of epidemic disease, accidents, or natural disaster could also expose us to substantial costs and diversion of resources. We cannot assure you that the insurance coverage if any, provided by our third-party service providers’ insurance coverage is sufficient to prevent us from any loss or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our current insurance policy on a timely basis, or at all. If we incur any loss that is not covered by our insurance policies, or the compensated amount is significantly less than our actual loss, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The financial soundness of financial institutions with which we place our cash and cash equivalents could affect our financial conditions, business and result of operations.
We place our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions, which include (i) banks incorporated in China, which are all authorized to operate banking business by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and other relevant agencies, and (ii) overseas financial institutions regulated by competent regulatory authorities in their relevant jurisdictions such as Hong Kong. On February 17, 2015, the PRC State Council, or the State Council, promulgated the Deposit Insurance Regulation, which became effective on May 1, 2015. The Deposit Insurance Regulation requires that banks registered within China shall provide insurance premises to the deposit insurance fund management organization. However, pursuant to the Deposit Insurance Regulation, the insurance provided by the banks has a coverage limit of RMB500,000 (US$78,461). In Hong Kong, the Deposit Protection Scheme (the “Scheme”) was introduced in 2006 under the Deposit Protection Scheme Ordinance (Chapter 581 of the Laws of Hong Kong) to protect depositors by paying them compensation in the event of the failure of a bank which is a member of the Scheme. A depositor is entitled to be compensated up to a maximum of HK$500,000. Most of the commonly placed deposits with Scheme members, whether denominated in Hong Kong dollar, renminbi or any other currency, qualify for this protection. These include current accounts, savings accounts, secured deposits and time deposits with maturity not exceeding five years.
Nevertheless, any deterioration of financial soundness of these banks or financial institutions or any failure of such deposit insurance to fully cover our bank deposits would cause credit risks to our cash and cash equivalents placed with them and thus could have a material adverse effect on our financial conditions, business and results of operations.
A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy or tensions in the relationship between China and other countries could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
Recently, there have been strained relationships between China and other countries, including surrounding Asian countries, which may potentially lead to foreign investors closing down their business or withdrawing their investment in China and thus exiting the China market, and other economic effects. In addition, there have been concerns on the relationship between China and the U.S. following rounds of tariffs imposed by the U.S and retaliatory tariffs imposed by China. Trade tension between China and the United States may intensify. Political tensions between the United States and China have escalated since the COVID-19 outbreak and the PRC National People’s Congress’ passage of Hong Kong national security legislation, the imposition of U.S. sanctions on certain Chinese officials from China’s central government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by the U.S. government, the imposition of sanctions on certain individuals from the U.S. by the Chinese government, various executive orders issued by former U.S. President Donald J. Trump, such as the one issued in August 2020 that prohibits certain transactions with certain Chinese companies, the executive order issued in November 2020 that prohibits U.S. persons from transacting publicly traded securities of certain “Communist Chinese military companies” named in such executive order, various actions taken by the U.S. government in response to concerns regarding forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, as well as the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures promulgated by MOFCOM on January 9, 2021, which will apply to situations where the extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, in violation of international law and the basic principles of international relations, unjustifiably prohibits or restricts the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China from engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third country (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other organizations.
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Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trades, investments, technological exchanges and other economic activities between the two major economies, which would have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and what effects they may have on the global political and economic conditions in the long term. We engage in business with various international brand partners, many of whom have their home market in the U.S. Escalating political and trade tensions between China and the U.S. may cause some of these brands to downscale their operations in China, or in the extreme case, exit China completely, which may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. If we were unable to conduct our business as it is currently conducted or our business partners were unable to conduct their business as it is currently conducted, as a result of such regulatory changes, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, there is considerable uncertainty in the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. Also, the conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of broad economic sanctions on Russia raised energy prices and disrupted global markets. Unrest, terrorist and war threats in the Middle East and elsewhere may further increase market volatility across the globe. Any prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, and continued turbulence in the international markets may adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs.
Our growth and profitability depend on the overall economic and political conditions and level of consumer confidence and spending in China.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations are sensitive to changes in overall economic and political conditions that affect consumer spending in China. For example, changes to trade policies, treaties and tariffs in China, or the perception that these changes could occur, could adversely affect the financial and economic conditions in China, as well as our financial condition and results of operations. The U.S.-China trade tension may impact tariff of products imported by our brand partners, which could impact the pricing of their products and in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, the retail industry is highly sensitive to general economic changes. Many factors outside of our control, including inflation and deflation, interest rates, volatility of equity and debt securities markets, taxation rates, employment and other government policies can adversely affect consumer confidence and spending. The domestic and international political environments, including trade disputes, political turmoil or social instability, may also adversely affect consumer confidence and spending, which could in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely on certain key operating metrics to evaluate the performance of our business, and any perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.
We rely on certain key operating metrics, such as GMV, to evaluate the performance of our business. Our operating metrics may differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics used by other companies due to differences in methodology and assumptions. If these metrics are perceived to be inaccurate by investors or investors make investment decisions based on operating metrics we disclosed but with their own methodology and assumptions or those published or used by third parties or other companies, our reputation may be harmed, which could negatively affect our business, and we may also face potential lawsuits or disputes.
We rely on the e-commerce performance of certain product categories, and any significant downward industry trend of such categories may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We currently serve brand partners manufacturing beauty and personal care products. If the e-commerce performance of certain or various product categories is not successful in general, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China
Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.
Our business and operations are primarily based in the PRC and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in the PRC. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic, political and legal developments in the PRC.
The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
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While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past three decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, the PRC government has implemented in the past certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC Laws, rules and regulations and sudden or unexpected changes in laws, rules and regulations in China could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.
Our business and operations are primarily conducted in the PRC, and are governed by PRC Laws, rules and regulations. Our PRC Operating Entities are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.
In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past four decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the non-binding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation.
Uncertainties due to evolving laws and regulations could impede the ability of a China-based company to obtain or maintain permits or licenses required to conduct business in China. In the absence of required permits or licenses, governmental authorities could impose material sanctions or penalties on us. In addition, some regulatory requirements issued by certain PRC government authorities may not be consistently applied by other PRC government authorities (including local government authorities), thus making strict compliance with all regulatory requirements impractical, or in some circumstances impossible. For example, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, China may adopt more stringent standards in different business aspects, such as environmental protection or corporate social responsibilities, which may cause us to incur increased compliance costs or become subject to additional restrictions in our operations. Intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may also not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. In addition, we cannot predict the effects of future developments in the PRC legal system on our business operations, including the promulgation of new laws, or changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and our investors.
The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities in mainland China.
The Chinese government has exercised and will continue to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. The central or local governments of these jurisdictions may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties.
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As such, our business segments may be subject to various government and regulatory interference in the provinces in which they operate. We could be subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities, including various local and municipal agencies and government sub-divisions. We may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time with little advance notice, which could result in a material change in our operations in mainland China and in the value of our ordinary shares. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over transaction that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
We are subject to laws that are applicable to retailers, including advertising and promotion laws and consumer protection laws that could require us to modify our current business practices and incur increased costs.
As an online distributor of goods, we are subject to numerous PRC Laws and regulations that regulate retailers generally or govern online retailers specifically. For example, we are subject to laws in relation to advertising and online promotion, such as the Advertising Law of the PRC, Pricing Law of the PRC, Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the PRC, Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, and also Consumer Protection Laws that are applicable to retailers. In the past, Shanghai Jingyue, one of our PRC Operating Entities, had certain non-compliance issues in connection with its advertising of certain cosmetics products in 2022, and SAMR’s local counterpart imposed a fine of RMB 32,400 (approximately USD 4,547) on August 10, 2022 and a fine of RMB 2,600 (approximately USD 373.91) on December 14, 2022. We may be subject to such allegations of non-compliance with such laws and regulations in the future if we are not compliant to the PRC Laws and regulations. Such allegations, which may or may not have merit, may result in legal or administrative penalties and other costs to us, and we may need to adjust some of our advertising and promotional practices as a result.
If these regulations were to change or if we are found to be in violation with them, we may need to spend additional costs to rectify non-compliance, adjust our business practices and could be subject to fines or penalties or suffer reputational harm, which could reduce demand for the products or services offered by us and hurt our business and results of operations. For example, the amended Consumer Protection Law, which became effective in March 2014, further strengthened the protection of consumers and imposed more stringent requirements and onerous obligations on businesses, especially businesses that operate on the internet.
Pursuant to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests (2013 Amendment), consumers are generally entitled to return goods purchased within seven days upon receipt without giving any reasons if they purchase the goods over the internet. Consumers whose interests have been damaged due to their purchase of goods online may claim damages against sellers. Moreover, if we deceive consumers or knowingly sell substandard or defective products, we would not only be required to compensate consumers for their losses, but also pay additional compensation equal to three times the price of the goods or services.
Operators of online marketplace platforms, such as Tmall and JD.com who have partnered with us, are also subject to stringent obligations under the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests (2013 Amendment). For example, where platform operators are unable to provide the real names, addresses and valid contact details of the sellers, the consumers may also claim damages from the platform operators. Operators of online marketplace platforms that know or should have known that sellers use their platforms to infringe upon legitimate rights and interests of consumers but fail to take necessary measures will bear joint and several liabilities with the sellers. Therefore, operators of online marketplace platforms that we partner with may take measures and impose stricter requirements on us or our brand partners as a reaction to their enhanced obligations under the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests (2013 Amendment).
Similar legal requirements are frequently changed and subject to interpretation, and we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with these requirements or their effect on our operations. We may be required to make significant expenditures or modify our business practices to comply with existing or future laws and regulations or to satisfy compliance requests from the marketplace platforms we partnered with, which may increase our costs and materially limit our ability to operate our business.
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Failure to comply with the relatively new E-Commerce Law may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
As the e-commerce industry is still evolving in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time to address new issues that arise from time to time. For example, in August 2018, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the E-Commerce Law of the PRC, or the E-Commerce Law, which became effective on January 1, 2019. The E-Commerce Law generally provides that e-commerce operators must obtain administrative licenses if business activities conducted by the e-commerce operators are subject to administrative licensing requirements under applicable laws and regulations. In addition, the E-commerce Law imposes a number of obligations on e-commerce operators, including the obligations to disclose information about commodities or services in a comprehensive, faithful, accurate and timely manner; while displaying search results of commodities or services to consumers according to their interests, preferences, consumption habits and other personal characteristics, to provide consumers with options irrelevant to their personal characteristics; when to offer tie-in commodities or services, to warn consumers about the tie-in sale in a prominent position and not to set the tie-in commodities or services as the default option; and when charging consumers guarantee deposits as agreed thereby, to explicitly indicate how and under what procedures consumers may have the guarantee deposits refunded, and not to impose any unjustifiable conditions on the refund of guarantee deposits. Failure to comply with the relatively new regulatory requirements may have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. As no detailed interpretation and implementation rules have been promulgated, it remains uncertain how the newly adopted E-Commerce Law will be interpreted and implemented. We cannot assure you that our current business operations satisfy the obligations provided under the E-Commerce Law in all respects. If the PRC governmental authorities determine that we are not in compliance with all the requirements proposed under the E-Commerce Law, we may be subject to fines and/or other sanctions.
Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the PRC Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced three existing laws on foreign investments in China, namely, the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The PRC Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic invested enterprises in China. The PRC Foreign Investment Law establishes the basic framework for the access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign investments in view of investment protection and fair competition.
According to the PRC Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by one or more natural persons, business entities, or otherwise organizations of a foreign country (collectively referred to as “foreign investor”) within China, and the investment activities include the following situations: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within China; (ii) a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, shares in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise within China; (iii) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests in a new project within China; and (iv) investments in other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations, or the State Council.
According to the PRC Foreign Investment Law, the State Council will publish or approve to publish the “negative list” for special administrative measures concerning foreign investment. The PRC Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, or FIEs, except for those FIEs that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the “negative list”. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce publicly released the Directory of Industries to Encourage Foreign Investment (Encouraged Catalogue) (2020 Edition) and the Directory of Industries to Encourage Foreign Investment (Encouraged Catalogue) (2022 Edition) on December 28, 2020 and October 22, 2022 respectively, and the latter has been effective and replaced the former from January 1, 2023. On December 27, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission of China (“NDRC”) and the Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) jointly issued the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2021 Edition), and the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access in Pilot Free Trade Zones (Negative List) (2021 Edition), effective January 1, 2022, collectively the 2021 Negative List. As per these policies, the national negative list of foreign investment access was reduced from 33 to 31, and the negative list of foreign investment access in the FTZ was reduced from 30 to 27. Industries listed in the 2022 Encouraged Catalogue are the encouraged industries. On the other hand, industries listed in the 2021 Negative List are subject to special management measures. For example, establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is generally allowed in industries outside of the 2021 Negative List. Also, foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries that are expressly prohibited in the 2021 Negative List. The industries that are not expressly prohibited in the Negative List are still subject to government approvals and certain special requirements.
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Able View, as a comprehensive brand management partner, distribute and sell cross-border products from various global brand owners to Chinese consumers through multiple e-commerce channels. The industry of the wholesale and retail of cosmetics is not prohibited or restricted by the 2021 Negative List that is currently effective as of the date of this prospectus.
If in the future the Negative List does expand to include the wholesale and retail of cosmetics into the restricted category of the foreign investment, the Negative List may set out the shareholding limit for foreign investors to invest in a domestic company with the business of wholesale and retail of cosmetics, the requirements on the nationality of senior executives or other special administrative measures for the entry of foreign investment in the wholesale and retail of cosmetics. If the foreign investment is prohibited from the wholesale and retail of cosmetics, the foreign investors cannot invest in the sector of the wholesale and retail of cosmetics. Any of such change may negatively influence the business operation of Able View, force Able View to switch market focus, which may not be successfully, or cause Pubco’s securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
PRC regulations regarding acquisitions impose significant regulatory approval and review requirements, which could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Taxation Administration of the PRC, or the STA, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the PRC (currently known as SAMR), the CSRC, and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, jointly promulgated the Rules on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which came into effect on September 8, 2006 and were latest amended on June 22, 2009.
The M&A Rules established additional procedures and requirements that are expected to make merger and acquisition activities in China by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Rules of the MOFCOM on Implementation of Security Review System of Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, issued by the MOFCOM in August 2011, specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and prohibit any attempt to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In addition, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, our proposed formation of joint venture with, or acquisition of control of, or decisive influence over, any company with revenues above relevant thresholds would be subject to SAMR merger control review. Complying with the requirements of the relevant regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
Furthermore, outbound direct investments conducted by PRC enterprises are subject to approval, filing or reporting requirements under relevant NDRC, MOFCOM and SAFE rules. Currently we do not intend to make any outbound direct investment, but if in the future we conduct any such investments, we are subject to the requirements mentioned above and may be ordered to cease such outbound investments and subject to relevant legal and administrative liabilities. In addition, the NDRC issued the Administrative Measures for the Outbound Investment by Enterprises, or the Outbound Investment Measures, in December 2017 which came into effect on March 1, 2018. Under the Outbound Investment Measures, if an overseas entity controlled by PRC enterprises or individuals conducts an outbound investment with an investment amount of US$300 million or above in one of the non-sensitive areas, it shall file with the NDRC the relevant information before the closing of such investment. For any outbound investment by an overseas entity controlled by PRC enterprises or individuals in one of the sensitive areas listed in the Outbound Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018 Version) which was promulgated by the NDRC in January 2018 and came into effect on
March 1, 2018, or the Outbound Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018), such investment shall be subject to the NDRC approval requirement. We may be deemed by the regulatory authorities as an overseas entity controlled by PRC individuals and therefore our overseas acquisition may be subject to such filing or approval procedures.
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If the regulatory authorities’ practice remains unchanged, our ability to carry out our investment and acquisition strategy may be materially and adversely affected and there may be significant uncertainty as to whether transactions that we have taken or may undertake would subject us to fines or other administrative penalties and negative publicity and whether we will be able to complete large acquisitions in the future in a timely manner or at all.
The permission or approval of, or filing to, the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in future offerings or financings, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such permission or approval, or timely clear the filing requirements.
The M&A Rules requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC persons or entities to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. The interpretation and application of the regulations remain unclear, and our offshore offerings may ultimately require approval of the CSRC. If the CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain the approval and, even if we obtain such CSRC approval, the approval could be rescinded. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining the CSRC approval for any of our offshore offerings, or a rescission of such approval if obtained by us, would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, restrictions or limitations on our ability to pay dividends outside of China, and other forms of sanctions that may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
On December 24, 2021 CSRC published the Provisions of the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comment) (the “Draft Provisions”), and the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comment) (the “Draft Measures”, collectively with the Draft Provisions, the “Draft Rules”) for public comments. The Draft Rules lay out specific filing requirements for overseas listing and offering by PRC domestic companies and include unified regulation management and strengthening regulatory coordination.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”), which took effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures supersede the Draft Rules and clarified and emphasized several aspects, which include but are not limited to: (1) comprehensive determination of the “indirect overseas offering and listing by PRC domestic companies” in compliance with the principle of “substance over form” and particularly, an issuer will be required to go through the filing procedures under the Trial Measures if the following criteria are met at the same time: a) 50% or more of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by PRC domestic companies, and b) the main parts of the issuer’s business activities are conducted in mainland China, or its main places of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China; (2) exemptions from immediate filing requirements for issuers that a) have already been listed or registered but not yet listed in foreign securities markets, including U.S. markets, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, and b) are not required to re-perform the regulatory procedures with the relevant overseas regulatory authority or the overseas stock exchange, and c) whose such overseas securities offering or listing shall be completed before September 30, 2023, provided however that such issuers shall carry out filing procedures as required if they conduct refinancing or are involved in other circumstances that require filing with the CSRC, specifically, future securities offerings in an overseas stock exchange where the company has previously offered and listed shall be filed with the CSRC based on the Trial Measures within three working days after the offering is completed.; (3) a negative list (the “Trial Measures Negative List”) of types of issuers banned from listing or offering overseas, including but not limited to (a) issuers whose listing or offering overseas have been recognized by the State Council of the PRC as possible threats to national security, (b) issuers whose affiliates have been recently convicted of bribery and corruption, (c) issuers under ongoing criminal investigations, and (d) issuers under major disputes regarding equity ownership; (4) issuers’ compliance with web security, data security, and other national security laws and regulations; and (5) issuers’ filing and reporting obligations (the “Trial Measures Filing Obligations”), such as obligation to file with the CSRC after it submits an application for initial public offering to overseas regulators, and obligation after offering or listing overseas to report to the CSRC material events including change of control or voluntary or forced delisting of the issuer.
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The Trial Measures provide the CSRC with power to warn, fine, and issue injunctions against both PRC domestic companies, their controlling shareholders, and their advisors in listing or offering securities (collectively, the “Subject Entities”), as well as individuals directly responsible for these Subject Entities (the “Subject Individuals”). For failure to comply with the Trial Measures Negative List or the Trial Measures Filing Obligations, or materially false or misleading statements in the filing and reporting required by the Trial Measures: (1) PRC domestic companies, and their controlling shareholders if the controlling shareholders induced the PRC domestic companies’ failure to comply, severally, may face warnings, injunctions to comply, and fines between RMB 1 million and 10 million (approximately $145,647 and $1,456,473); the Subject Individuals in these entities may severally, face warnings and fines between RMB 0.5 million and 5 million (approximately $72,824 and $728,237). (2) Advisors in listing or offering securities that failed to dutifully advise the PRC domestic companies and their controlling shareholders in complying with the Trial Measures and caused such failures to comply can face warnings and fines between RMB 0.5 million and 5 million (approximately $72,824 and $728,237); the Subject Individuals in these advisor entities may, severally, face warnings and fines between RMB 0.2 million and 2 million (approximately $29,129 and $291,295).
Lastly, any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over transaction that are conducted overseas could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete our business combination transaction, delisting from the Nasdaq stock market even after listing and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, the Ministry of Finance, the National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the National Archives Administration jointly issued the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Confidentiality and Archives Provisions, which took effect from March 31, 2023. The Confidentiality and Archives Provisions specify that during the overseas securities offering and listing activities of domestic companies, domestic companies and securities companies and securities service institutions that provide relevant securities business shall, by strictly abiding by the relevant laws and regulations of the PRC and this Confidentiality and Archives Provisions, institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration systems, take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations, and shall not divulge any national secrets, work secrets of governmental agencies and harm national and public interests. Confidentiality and Archives Provisions provides that it is applicable to initial public offerings as well as other types of securities listing of PRC domestic enterprises, including de-SPAC transactions such as Pubco’s Business Combination, and any future issuance of securities and listing activities after the initial listing. Working papers generated in the PRC by securities companies and securities service providers that provide relevant securities services for overseas issuance and listing of securities by domestic companies shall be kept in the PRC. Confidentiality and Archives Provisions provide no explicit definition of working papers. In practice, the securities companies’ working papers usually refer to various important information and work records related to the securities business obtained and prepared by the securities companies and securities service providers and their representatives in the whole process of the securities businesses, such as due diligence work. Without the approval of relevant competent authorities, such as CSRC, MOF PRC National Administration of State Secrets Protection, and National Archives Administration of China, depending on the nature and transmission method of secrets, it shall not be transferred overseas. Where documents or materials need to be transferred outside of the PRC, it shall be subject to the approval procedures in accordance with relevant PRC regulations. The relevant competent authorities, such as, CSRC, MOF, PRC National Administration of State Secrets Protection, and National Archives Administration of China will regulate, supervise and inspect pursuant to their respective statutory mandates over matters of Confidentiality and Archives Administration concerning overseas offering and listing by domestic companies. As Confidentiality and Archives Administration is newly promulgated, there is substantial uncertainty regarding their specific requirements. If we fail to comply with related laws and regulation, we may be subject to fine, confiscation, blocking transmission or criminal offense. We have taken measures to adopt management systems for the compliance of Confidentiality and Archives Provisions. We believe our listing does not involve in national secrets, work secrets of governmental agencies and undermine national and public interests. There is no assurance that we will be able to meet all applicable regulatory requirements and guidelines, or comply with all applicable regulations at all times, or that we will not be subject to fines or other penalties in the future as a result of regulatory inspections.
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Based on the understanding of Company’s legal department, neither Pubco, nor any of its subsidiaries, including all the PRC Operating Entities are currently required to obtain any permissions or approvals from Chinese authorities, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, or Cybersecurity Administration Committee, or CAC, to list on U.S. exchanges or issue securities to foreign investors. We have not been denied any permissions or approvals either as of the date of this prospectus. However, if we were required to obtain any requisite permissions or approvals in the future and were denied permission or approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on any U.S. exchange, which would materially affect the interest of the investors. It is uncertain when and whether Pubco will be required to obtain any requisite permissions or approvals from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even when such permission or approval is obtained, whether it will be denied or rescinded. Although Pubco is currently not required to obtain permission or approval from any of the PRC government and has not received any denial to list on the U.S. exchange, our operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry.
PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC Operating Entities to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC Operating Entities or limit our PRC Operating Entities’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFE Circular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC Operating Entities of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its mainland China subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks shall examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015. Beneficial owners of the special purpose vehicle who are PRC citizens are also required to make annual filing with the local banks regarding their overseas direct investment status.
We may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not have control over our beneficial owners and cannot assure you that all of our PRC-resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, including the annual filing requirement. Furthermore, we may be unable to disclose change of our beneficial owners’ shareholding interests in us during the annual filing process of our PRC Operating Entities as required by SAFE. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC Operating Entities to fines and legal sanctions. As of the date of this prospectus, all our shareholders have duly registered as required. However, we cannot guarantee that in the future, any new shareholders or any existing shareholders can register or amend their registration in a timely manner. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC Operating Entities and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
PRC regulations of loans to PRC entities and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC Operating Entities.
We may transfer funds to our PRC Operating Entities which are Foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs under PRC Laws or finance such FIEs by means of shareholder loans or capital contributions, upon completion of our offerings. Any such loans to our FIEs cannot exceed statutory limits, which is either the difference between the registered capital and the total investment amount of such FIE or a multiple of the FIE’s net assets in the previous year, and shall be registered or filed with SAFE, or its local counterparts. Furthermore, if we make any capital contributions to FIEs, FIEs are required to register the details of the capital contribution with the local branch of SAMR and submit a report on the capital contribution via the online enterprise registration system to the MOFCOM.
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In addition, SAFE promulgated the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues concerning Administration Improvement of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, on August 29, 2008. SAFE promulgated the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Clarifying & Regulating Relevant Matters Concerning the Administration of Some Foreign Exchange Businesses under Capital Accounts, or Circular 45, on November 9, 2011 in order to clarify the application of Circular 142. Under Circular 142 and Circular 45, registered capital of a foreign-invested company settled in RMB converted from foreign currencies may only be used within the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments in the PRC. On March 30, 2015, SAFE released the Circular on the Reform of the Management Method for the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which came into force and superseded SAFE Circular 142 from June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular 19 has made certain adjustments to some regulatory requirements on the settlement of foreign exchange capital of foreign-invested enterprises, and some foreign exchange restrictions under Circular 142 are lifted. Under SAFE Circular 19, the settlement of foreign exchange by FIEs shall be governed by the policy of foreign exchange settlement at will. In June 2016, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, which removed certain restrictions previously provided under several SAFE circulars in respect of conversion by an FIE of foreign currency registered capital into RMB and use of such RMB capital. However, SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 also reiterate that the settlement of foreign exchange shall only be used for purposes within the business scope of the FIEs. On October 23, 2019, the SAFE issued the Circular on Further Promoting Cross-border Trade and Investment Facilitation, or SAFE Circular 28. Among others, SAFE Circular 28 relaxes prior restrictions and allows foreign-invested enterprises whose approved business scope does not include equity investments to use their capital funds obtained from foreign exchange settlement to make domestic equity investments in China, provided that such investments do not violate the Negative List and the target investment projects are genuine and in compliance with the laws.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, including SAFE Circulars referred to above, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or filings on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC Operating Entities or additional capital contributions by us to our PRC Operating Entities, and conversion of such loans or capital contributions into RMB. If we fail to complete such registrations or filings, our ability to provide loans or capital contributions to our PRC Operating Entities in a timely manner may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding our employee equity incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed companies due to their position as director, senior management or employees of the PRC Operating Entities of the overseas companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. Our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who have been granted options may follow SAFE Circular 37 to apply for the foreign exchange registration before our company becomes an overseas listed company. We and our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who have been granted options are subject to the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Share Option Rules, issued by SAFE in February 2012, according to which, employees, directors, supervisors and other management members participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC residents are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit the ability to make payment under our equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our wholly-foreign owned enterprises in China and limit our wholly-foreign owned enterprises’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law.
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In addition, the STA has issued circulars concerning employee share options or restricted shares. Under these circulars, employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or restricted share units, vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRC Operating Entities of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or restricted share units. In addition, the sales of our ordinary shares or ordinary shares held by such PRC individual employees after their exercise of the options, or the vesting of the restricted shares or restricted share units, are also subject to PRC individual income tax. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRC Operating Entities fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC Operating Entities may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government authorities.
Recent statements by the Chinese government indicate an intent to exert more oversight and more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such actions by the Chinese government could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer its securities to investors and cause the value of the securities being registered hereby to significantly decline or become worthless.
The Chinese government recently has published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding our industry that could require us to seek permission from Chinese authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, recent statements made by the Chinese government have indicated an intent to increase the government’s oversight and control over offerings of companies with significant operations in China that are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such action, once taken by the Chinese government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer its securities to investors, and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
In July 2021, the Chinese government provided new guidance on China-based companies raising capital outside of China. In light of such developments, the SEC has imposed enhanced disclosure requirements on China-based companies seeking to register securities with the SEC. In February 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. As substantially all of our operations are based in PRC jurisdictions, any future Chinese, U.S. or other rules and regulations that place restrictions on capital raising or other activities by companies with extensive operations in China could adversely affect our business and results of operations. If the business environment in China deteriorates from the perspective of domestic or international investment, or if relations between China and the United States or other governments deteriorate, the Chinese government may intervene with our operations and our business in China, as well as the value of the securities being offered, may also be adversely affected.
We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the EIT Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, and its implementing rules, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside of China with “de facto management bodies” located in China may be considered PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes and may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their global income. “De facto management body” refers to a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production and business, personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise. The STA issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on April 22, 2009, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2008. Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by foreign enterprises or individuals, the determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the STA’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises. If we were to be considered a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our global income. In such case, our profitability and cash flow generated from mainland China may be materially reduced as a result of our global income being taxed under the EIT Law. We believe that none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.”
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Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ordinary shares or ordinary shares by our foreign investors may become subject to PRC tax law.
Under the EIT Law and its implementation regulations issued by the State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC or which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ordinary shares or ordinary shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 10%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements between jurisdictions, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid on our ordinary shares or ordinary shares, and any gain realized from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ordinary shares, would be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and would as a result be subject to PRC taxation. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of ordinary shares or ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 20%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements between jurisdictions. It is unclear whether we or any of our subsidiaries established outside China are considered a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our ordinary shares or ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas. If dividends payable to our non-PRC investors, or gains from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ordinary shares by such investors are subject to PRC tax, the value of your investment in our ordinary shares or ordinary shares may decline significantly.
We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishment of a non-Chinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by non-Chinese companies.
On February 3, 2015, the STA issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7. Pursuant to Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be recharacterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to Bulletin 7, “PRC taxable assets” include assets attributed to an establishment in China, immoveable properties located in China, and equity investments in PRC resident enterprises, in respect of which gains from their transfer by a direct holder, being a non-PRC resident enterprise, would be subject to PRC enterprise income taxes. When determining whether there is a “reasonable commercial purpose” of the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into consideration include: whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant offshore enterprise derives from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consists of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income mainly derives from China; whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure; the duration of existence of the shareholders, business model and organizational structure of an overseas enterprise; the income tax payable abroad due to the indirect transfer of PRC taxable assets; the replicability of the transaction by direct transfer of PRC taxable assets; and the tax situation of such indirect transfer and applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income tax filing of the PRC establishment or place of business being transferred, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the immoveable properties located in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not related to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Where the payor fails to withhold any or sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Bulletin 7 does not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. On October 17, 2017, the STA, issued the Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax. Pursuant to Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37, both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes.
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We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries or investments. We may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if we are transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if we are transferee in such transactions, under Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37. For transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, or to pay tax pursuant to these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, and the related regulations continue to evolve. Further implementations and interpretations of or amendments to the HFCAA or the related regulations, or a PCAOB determination of its lack of sufficient access to inspect our auditor, might pose regulatory risks to and impose restrictions on us because of our operations in mainland China.
On April 21, 2020, SEC released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets. On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in “Restrictive Market”, (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or board of director for Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the Company’s auditors.
On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”) requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the Company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. On December 18, 2020, the HFCAA was signed into law. The HFCAA has since then been subject to amendments by the U.S. Congress and interpretations and rulemaking by the SEC. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which proposes to reduce the period of time for foreign companies to comply with PCAOB audits from three to two consecutive years. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the “CAA”) was signed into law, which officially reduced the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two, thus, would reduce the time before an applicable issuer’s securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted.
On December 16, 2021, PCAOB announced the PCAOB HFCAA determinations relating to the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in mainland China or Hong Kong. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firms’ audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause existing and potential investors in issuers operating in China to lose confidence in such issuers’ procedures and reported financial information and the quality of financial statements.
Our auditor, Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (formerly, Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP, “Marcum Asia”), the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditor’s compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is headquartered in Manhattan, New York, and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis with the last inspection in 2020. As of the date of this prospectus, our auditor is not among the firms listed on the PCAOB Determination List issued in December 2021.
On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced and signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Protocol”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (together, the “PRC Authorities”). The Protocol provides the PCAOB with: (1) sole discretion to select the firms, audit engagements and potential violations it inspects and investigates, without any involvement of Chinese authorities; (2) procedures for PCAOB inspectors and investigators to view complete audit work papers with all information included and for the PCAOB to retain information as needed; (3) direct access to interview and take testimony from all personnel associated with the audits the PCAOB inspects or investigates.
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On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced in its 2022 HFCAA Determination Report (the “2022 Report”) its determination that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate audit firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022, and the PCAOB Board voted to vacate previous determinations to the contrary. According to the 2022 Report, this determination was reached after the PCAOB had thoroughly tested compliance with every aspect of the Protocol necessary to determine complete access, including on-site inspections and investigations in a manner fully consistent with the PCAOB’s methodology and approach in the U.S. and globally. According to the 2022 Report, the PRC Authorities had fully assisted and cooperated with the PCAOB in carrying out the inspections and investigations according to the Protocol, and have agreed to continue to assist the PCAOB’s investigations and inspections in the future. However, as required by the HFCAA, if in the future the PCAOB determines it no longer can inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by any foreign authority, including but is not limited to mainland China or Hong Kong jurisdiction, the PCAOB will act expeditiously to consider whether it should issue a new determination.
Further developments related to the HFCAA could add uncertainties to our offering. We cannot assure you what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or the stock exchanges will take to address these issues and what impact such actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create uncertainty for investors, the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement. Such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our ordinary shares when you wish to do so, and would have a negative impact on the price of our ordinary shares.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against Pubco or its management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws.
Pubco is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, Pubco conducts substantially all of its operations in mainland China and in Hong Kong, with substantially all of Pubco’s assets being located there. In addition, both of Pubco’s senior executive officers, namely, Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu, Chairman, Director and Chief Executive Officer of the Pubco, and Mr. Tang Jing, Director and Chief Financial Officer of the Pubco, are PRC nationals who reside within China for a significant portion of the time each year. As a result, it may be difficult for Pubco’s shareholders to effect foreign service of process upon Pubco or those executives or officers inside China.
Shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including securities law class actions and fraud claims, generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. Although the local authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States have not been efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism.
Among Pubco’s directors and officers, Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu, Chairman, Director and Chief Executive Officer of the Pubco, Mr. Tang Jing, Director and Chief Financial Officer of the Pubco, and Mr. Yilun Wu, Mr. Yimin Zhou, and Mr. Zhifan Zhou, independent directors of the Pubco, are all residents of China and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands and many other countries and regions. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible. As a result, it may be difficult to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts or in Cayman Islands courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. It may also be difficult for a shareholder to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and these persons located in China.
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Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenue effectively. To the extent our cash in the business is in mainland China, such cash may not be available to freely convert or be changed at favorable rate, and such cash may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the government in mainland China to transfer cash.
As of December 31, 2022, Able View has six mainland China operating subsidiaries whose revenues are denominated in Renminbi. Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not freely convertible under the “capital account,” which includes foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries. The Outbound Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018) also lists certain industries as sensitive outbound investment industries, which are subject to NDRC pre-approval requirements prior to remitting investment funds offshore. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. Since we expect to maintain such corporate structure in the future, part of our revenue will continue being denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the mainland China or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ordinary shares and/or ordinary shares. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, SAFE and other relevant governmental authorities in mainland China. This could affect our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries. To the extent our funds in the business is in mainland China, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the government in mainland China to transfer cash.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses and could materially reduce the value of your investment.
The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the PBOC. Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollars, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC government. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi and U.S. dollar in the future. As Able View has six mainland China operating subsidiaries, part of our revenues and costs are denominated in Renminbi, any significant revaluation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ordinary shares and/or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our public offerings into Renminbi for our operations in mainland China, appreciation of Renminbi against U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the amount of Renminbi we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ordinary shares, or for other business purposes, appreciation of U.S. dollar against Renminbi would have a negative effect on the amounts of U.S. dollar available to us.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
Our deferred tax assets are subject to uncertainties and judgments.
In the application of our accounting policies, our management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Therefore, actual results may differ from these accounting estimates. As of December 31, 2021, we recorded deferred tax assets of $0.71 million. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change. In the event that a substantial reversal of deferred tax assets arises in future periods, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
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Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by the PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.
Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. In addition, we engage third-party human resources agencies to make social insurance and housing fund contributions for certain of our employees, and there is no assurance that such third-party agencies will make such contributions in full in a timely manner, or at all. Although some of our PRC entities incorporated in various locations in China have made the required employee benefit payments, we cannot assure you that we are able to make adequate contribution in a timely manner at all time. If we are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Outsourced services engaged by our PRC Operating Entities may be deemed as labor dispatch and thus may cause our PRC Operating Entities to violate the requirements under labor dispatch related PRC Laws and regulations.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security promulgated the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014. Pursuant to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch (the “Provisions”), the employment of workers by an employer in the name of contracting or outsourcing but in essence the workers work at the employer’s location, receive tasks directly from the employer shall be regarded as labor dispatch and subject to the Provisions. Pursuant to the Labor Contract Law of the PRC and the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch, the number of dispatched labor that an employer may employ shall not exceed 10 percent of the total number of its employees (i.e., the sum of employees executed labor contracts with such employer and the number of labor dispatch used by such employer). Any employer in violation to the aforementioned laws and regulations shall be ordered by competent labor administrative authorities to make correction within a stipulated period, and any failure to make the correction may subject such employer to a fine ranging from RMB 5,000 (approximately USD 702) to RMB 10,000 (approximately USD 1,403) per person. Three of our PRC Operating Entities have relatively few employees (i.e., less than 10) while most of the labor force used by such PRC Operating Entities are in the form of outsourced services. In addition, the workers, pursuant to the outsource service agreements executed by and between our PRC Operating Entities and the human resources company, will work at the office of these PRC Operating Entities, receive tasks directly from the management, and be paid social insurance by the PRC Operating Entities. Therefore, in practice, these PRC Operating Entities may be deemed by the competent labor administrative authorities as using the labor force in the form of labor dispatch. If the outsourced services used by any of our PRC Operating Entities is regarded as labor dispatch in the future, the number of such workers of that PRC Operating Entity employed would exceed the legally permitted number of labor dispatch worker a company may use. We may be required to reduce the number of outsourced service persons used to be compliant with the legal requirements, otherwise, we may be subject to fines by relevant labor administrative authorities, and we may be fined again for the same reason if such labor authority finds out that the Company commits the same non-compliance subsequently. If we cannot convert certain outsourced employees into employees to gain compliance in a timely manner, our business operations and financial conditions may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong
Able View is subject to a variety of laws and other obligations, including cybersecurity, data protection or anti-monopoly. Any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Able View is subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding data protection in Hong Kong. The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (the “PDPO”) came into force on December 20, 1996. The PDPO states that any person who controls the collection, holding, processing or use of personal data (the “data user”) shall not do any act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes any of the data protection principles set out in Schedule 1 to the PDPO (the “Data Protection Principles”) unless the act or practice, as the case may be, is required or permitted under the PDPO. Personal data means any data (a) relating directly or indirectly to a living individual; (b) from which it is practicable for the identity of the individual to be directly or indirectly ascertained; and (c) in a form in which access to or processing of the data is practicable.
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The Data Protection Principles set out that (1) personal data must be collected in a lawful and fair way, for a purpose directly related to a function or activity of the data user. Data subjects must be notified of the purpose for which the data is to be used and the classes of persons to whom the data may be transferred. Data collected should be adequate but not excessive; (2) personal data must be accurate and should not be kept for a period longer than necessary for the fulfillment of the purpose for which the data is or is to be used; (3) personal data must be used for the purpose for which the data is collected or for a directly related purpose unless voluntary and explicit consent with a new purpose is obtained from the data subject; (4) a data user shall take practicable steps to safeguard any personal data held against unauthorized or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use; (5) a data user shall take practicable steps to ensure that its policies and practices in relation to personal data, the kind of personal data it holds and the main purposes for which the personal data is or is to be used for are made known to the public; and (6) a data user shall be entitled to request access to personal data and must be allowed to correct the personal data if it is inaccurate.
Moreover, the Personal Data (Privacy) (Amendment) Ordinance 2021 (the “PDPAO”) came into effect on October 8, 2021. It amends the PDPO, particularly to: (i) criminalize doxing, i.e. unconsented disclosure of personal information of targeted individuals and groups; (ii) introduce a cessation notice regime to tackle doxing with extra-territorial reach; and (iii) substantially expand the investigation and enforcement powers of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, in contexts beyond doxing.
Our directors are of the view that Able View is in compliance with the PDPO and the PDPAO, for the following reasons: (i) using our products and services which do not require providing users’ personal information and (ii) we possess minimum amount, if not none of the personal information in our business operations. Nonetheless, we are subject to laws and regulations relating to the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, retention, security and transfer of personal information and other data. The interpretation and application of laws, regulations and standards on data protection and privacy are still uncertain and evolving. We cannot assure you that the governmental authorities will not interpret or implement the laws or regulations in ways that negatively affect us. We may be subject to investigations and inspections by government authorities regarding our compliance with laws and regulations on data privacy, and we cannot assure you that our practices will always fully comply with all applicable rules and regulatory requirements. In addition, laws, regulations and standards on data protection and privacy continue to develop and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Complying with emerging and changing international requirements may cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices.
In addition, the Competition Ordinance (Chapter 619 of the Laws of Hong Kong) prohibits and deters undertakings in all sectors from adopting anti-competitive conduct which has the object or effect of preventing, restricting, or distorting competition in Hong Kong. It provides for general prohibitions in three major areas of anti-competitive conduct described as the first conduct rule, the second conduct rule, and the merger rule. The first conduct rule prohibits undertakings from making or giving effect to agreements or decisions or engaging in concerted practices that have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction, or distortion of competition in Hong Kong. The second conduct rule prohibits undertakings that have a substantial degree of market power in a market from engaging in conduct that has as its object or effect the prevention, restriction, or distortion of competition in Hong Kong. The merger rule prohibits mergers that have or are likely to have the effect of substantially lessening competition in Hong Kong. The scope of application of the merger rule is limited to carrier licenses issued under the Telecommunications Ordinance (Chapter 106 of the Laws of Hong Kong). As of the date of this prospectus, we and our Hong Kong subsidiaries have complied with all three areas of anti-competition laws and requirements in Hong Kong. Our Hong Kong subsidiaries have not engaged in any concerted practices that have an object or effect to prevent, restrict, or distort competition in Hong Kong. Additionally, neither we nor our Hong Kong subsidiaries possess a substantial degree of market power in the Hong Kong market that could trigger the second conduct rule. The merger rule is equally not applicable to us or our Hong Kong subsidiaries since neither we nor our Hong Kong subsidiaries hold any carrier license issued under the Telecommunications Ordinance.
Except for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (“Basic Law”), national laws of the Mainland China do not apply in Hong Kong unless they are listed in Annex III of the Basic Law and applied locally by promulgation or local legislation. National laws that may be listed in Annex III are currently limited under the Basic Law to those which fall within the scope of defense and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the limits of the autonomy of Hong Kong. Therefore, laws and regulations of mainland China relating to data protection, cybersecurity review and the anti-monopoly have not been listed in Annex III and so do not apply directly to Hong Kong.
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However, due to long arm provisions under the current Mainland China laws and regulations, there remains regulatory and legal uncertainty with respect to the implementation of laws and regulations of Mainland China to Hong Kong. As a result, there is no guarantee that the PRC government may not choose to implement the laws of the Mainland China to Hong Kong and exercise significant direct influence and discretion over Hong Kong subsidiary of Able View in the future and, it will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations, due to changes in laws, political environment or other unforeseeable reasons.
In the event that the Hong Kong subsidiary of Able View were to become subject to laws and regulations of Mainland China, the legal and operational risks associated in Mainland China may also apply to our operations in Hong Kong, and we face the risks and uncertainties associated with the legal system in the Mainland China, complex and evolving Mainland China laws and regulation, and as to whether and how the recent PRC government statements and regulatory developments, such as those relating to data and cyberspace security and anti-monopoly concerns, would be applicable to Hong Kong subsidiary of Able View.
Risks Related to Ownership of Able View’s Securities
Payment of dividends is subject to restrictions under PRC Laws. There is no assurance whether and when we will pay dividends.
Under applicable PRC Laws, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits mean, as determined under PRC GAAP or U.S. GAAP, whichever is lower, our net profits for a period, plus the distributable profits or net of the accumulated losses, if any, at the beginning of such period, less appropriations to transaction risk reserve, statutory surplus reserve (determined under PRC GAAP) and discretionary surplus reserve (as approved by our shareholders’ meeting). As a result, we may not have sufficient profit to enable us to make future dividend distributions to our shareholders, even if one of our financial statements prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP or U.S. GAAP indicates that our operations have been profitable. After the completion of the Transaction, we may distribute dividends in the form of cash or by other means permitted by our Articles of Association. Any proposed distribution of dividends shall be formulated by our Board and will be subject to approval of our Shareholders. A decision to declare or to pay any dividends in the future, and the amount of any dividend, will depend upon a number of factors, including our earnings and financial condition, operating requirements, capital requirements, business prospects, statutory, regulatory and contractual restrictions on our declaration and payment of dividends, and any other factors that our Directors may consider important. Any history dividends distribution cannot be regarded as any form of indication of either the amount or the time we will distribute dividends. We cannot assure you that our dividend policies will not change in the future.
Able View is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our PRC Operating Entities for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares.
Able View is a holding company and conduct a significant part of our business in China through our PRC Operating Entities. We may rely on dividends to be paid by our PRC Operating Entities to fund our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. If our PRC Operating Entities incur debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us, and in turn affect our ability to pay dividends to our investors.
Under PRC Laws and regulations, our PRC Operating Entities may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our subsidiaries in China are required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory capital reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in China may further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to the optional capital reserve, the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation. If our PRC Operating Entities cannot generate enough revenues in the future, their abilities to pay dividends or make other distributions to us may be restricted, and in turn affect our ability to pay dividends to our investors.
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Our PRC Operating Entities generates primarily all of their revenue in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to use their Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put forward by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
In addition, the EIT Law, and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Operating Entities to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
Pursuant to the Arrangement between the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise, as the beneficial owner, owns no less than 25% of a PRC entity. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including, without limitation, that (a) the Hong Kong entity must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong entity must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC entity during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In current practice, a Hong Kong entity must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC Operating Entities to their respective immediate holding company in Hong Kong.
Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on the Ordinary Share for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Ordinary Share for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
Able View intends to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of the Ordinary Share will be at the sole discretion of Able View’s board of directors. Able View’s board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, the Able View’s financial condition and results of operations, Able View’s available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions, implications on the payment of dividends by Able View to its stockholders or by its subsidiaries to it and such other factors as Able View’s board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, Able View’s ability to pay dividends is limited by covenants of Able View’s existing and outstanding indebtedness and may be limited by covenants of any future indebtedness Able View incurs. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in Able View’s Ordinary Share unless you sell Able View’s Ordinary Share for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
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Our Ordinary Shares’ liquidity and market price may be volatile.
The price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile. The following factors, among others, may affect the trading volume and price of our Ordinary Shares:
| ● | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and results of operations; |
| ● | loss of significant customers or material defaults by our customers; |
| ● | major changes in our key personnel or senior management; |
| ● | announcements of competitive developments, acquisitions or strategic alliances in our industry; |
| ● | changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by financial analysts; |
| ● | involvement in litigation or regulatory investigations; |
| ● | general market conditions or other developments affecting us or our industry; |
| ● | fluctuations in stock market price and volume and other events or factors beyond our control; |
| ● | the release of lockup or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding Ordinary Shares, or sales or perceived sales of additional Ordinary Shares by us or other shareholders; and |
| ● | our inability to obtain or maintain regulatory approval for our business operations. |
In addition, stock markets and the shares of other companies listed on the Nasdaq with significant operations and assets in China have been experiencing increasing price and volume fluctuations in recent years, some of which have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of such companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares, and it is possible that our Ordinary Shares may be subject to changes in price not directly related to our performance.
If Able View or Pubco fails to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls to remediate its material weaknesses over financial reporting, Pubco may be unable to accurately report its results of operations, meets its reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of Pubco’s ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected.
Prior to the Business Combination, Able View had been a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address Able View’s internal controls and procedures. Neither Able View nor its independent registered public accounting firm undertook a comprehensive assessment of Able View’s internal control under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for purposes of identifying and reporting any material weakness in Able View’s internal control over financial reporting. Had Able View performed a formal assessment of Able View’s internal control over financial reporting or had Able View’s independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of Able View’s internal control over financial reporting, material weakness or control deficiencies may have been identified. Upon completion of the Business Combination, Pubco has become subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, will require that Pubco include a report from management on the effectiveness of Pubco’s internal control over financial reporting in Pubco’s annual report on Form 20-F beginning with Pubco’s annual report in Pubco’s second annual report on Form20-F after becoming a public company. In addition, once Pubco ceases to be an “emerging growth company” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, Pubco’s independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of Pubco’s internal control over financial reporting. Moreover, even if Pubco’s management concludes that Pubco’s internal control over financial reporting is effective, Pubco’s independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting if it is not satisfied with Pubco’s internal controls or the level at which Pubco’s controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from Pubco. In addition, after Pubco becomes a public company, Pubco’s reporting obligations may place a significant strain on Pubco’s management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. Pubco may be unable to timely complete its evaluation testing and any required remediation.
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During the course of documenting and testing Pubco’s internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, Pubco may identify other weaknesses and deficiencies in Pubco’s internal control over financial reporting. If Pubco fails to maintain the adequacy of its internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented, or amended from time to time, Pubco may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that it has effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. Generally speaking, if Pubco fails to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, it could result in material misstatements in Pubco’s financial statements and could also impair Pubco’s ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. As a result, Pubco’s businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of the ordinary shares, may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose Pubco to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject Pubco to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which Pubco lists, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. Pubco may also be required to restate its financial statements from prior periods. Pubco will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.
Being a public company incurs significant legal, accounting, and other expenses. For example, as a result of becoming a public company, Pubco is required to adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. Operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for it to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and Pubco may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, Pubco will incur additional costs associated with its public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for Pubco to find qualified persons to serve on its Board of directors or as executive officers.
After Pubco is no longer an “emerging growth company,” Pubco may incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC.
Current or future sales or perceived sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public market could have a material adverse effect on the prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares and our ability to raise capital in the future, and may result in dilution of your shareholdings.
The market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline as a result of current or future sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares or other securities relating to our Ordinary Shares in the public market or the issuance of new Ordinary Shares or other securities, or the perception that such sales or issuances may occur. Current or future sales, or perceived sales, of substantial amounts of our securities, including any future offerings, could also materially and adversely affect our ability to raise capital in the future at a time and at a price which we deem appropriate. In addition, our Shareholders may experience dilution in their holdings to the extent we issue additional securities in future offerings.
The Class B Ordinary Shares being registered for resale by this registration statement were originally issued to the selling securityholders concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination for a consideration of $10.64 per share, with the exception of the 2,100,650 Class B Ordinary Shares held by HMAC Sponsor (as defined elsewhere in this prospectus), which was originally acquired by HMAC Sponsor as the sponsor of HMAC (as defined elsewhere in this prospectus), for an average consideration of approximately $1.64 per Class B Ordinary Share. On September 29, 2021, HMAC Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 1,725,000 founder shares of HMAC for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.014 per share. In addition, HMAC Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 341,500 private placement units, for a purchase price of $3,415,000 in the aggregate, or $10.00 per unit. Each private placement unit consists of one ordinary share, one private placement warrant exercisable to purchase one ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, and one private placement right to receive one-tenth of an ordinary share upon the consummation of the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, HMAC Sponsor’s founder shares and private placement warrants were exchanged for Pubco securities, including the 2,100,650 Class B Ordinary Shares registered for resale in this prospectus, and 341,500 Pubco Warrants.
The shares for resale being registered by this registration statement will be considerable relative to the Company’s public float. Misters Wenming Mu, Jing Tang and Jun Wang, beneficial owners of over 5% of our outstanding shares each and over 25% in the aggregate, will be able to sell all of their shares for so long as the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is available for use. Given the current and recent market trading price of our Class B Ordinary Shares, the selling securityholders, with the exception of HMAC Sponsor, are unlikely to realize a profit from the resale of their Class B Ordinary Shares. Nonetheless, sales of shares under this registration statement, in particular by the HMAC Sponsor, could have significant negative impact on the public trading price of the Class B Ordinary Share of the Company.
If we need to obtain external financing, we cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Our future liquidity needs and other business reasons could require us to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of additional indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations.
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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides protections for investors to a significantly lesser extent. In addition, Cayman Islands exempted companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.
Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, substantially all of our executive Directors and our senior management reside outside the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons’ assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons or to enforce against them or against us, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
We have appointed Puglisi & Associates as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any State of the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.
The United States and PRC do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts of the United States in civil and commercial matters and that a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any general or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws, would not automatically be enforceable in PRC, but will have to follow the procedure under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.
The United States and the Cayman Islands do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts of the United States in civil and commercial matters and that a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any general or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws, would not be automatically be enforceable in the Cayman Islands.
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All of the Class B Ordinary Shares offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the selling securityholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our Class B Ordinary Shares. We currently intend to retain any future earnings, if any, and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any further determination to pay dividends on our Class B Ordinary Shares would be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and would depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
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The following discussion of Cayman Islands, PRC and United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our Class B Ordinary Shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our Class B Ordinary Shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation, and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us or holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares levied by the government of the Cayman Islands, except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands.
The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the Class B Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the Class B Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the Class B Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
People’s Republic of China Taxation
Under the PRC EIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and most recently amended on December 29, 2018, an enterprise established outside the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. Under the implementation rules to the PRC EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and properties of an enterprise.
In addition, the SAT Circular 82 issued by the SAT in April 2009 specifies that certain offshore incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if the following are located or resident in the PRC:
| ● | senior management personnel and departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management; |
| ● | financial and personnel decision-making bodies; |
| ● | key properties, accounting books, company seal, minutes of board meetings and shareholders’ meetings; and |
| ● | half or more of the senior management or directors having voting rights. |
Further to SAT Circular 82, the SAT issued the SAT Bulletin 45, which took effect in September 2011, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82. SAT Bulletin 45 provides for procedures and administration details of determination on resident status and administration on post-determination matters. Our company is a company incorporated outside the PRC. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership interests in its subsidiaries, and its records (including the resolutions of its board of directors and the resolutions of its shareholders) are maintained outside the PRC. As such, we do not believe that our company meets all of the conditions above or is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. For the same reasons, we believe our other entities outside China are not PRC resident enterprises.
However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” There can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with us. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our Cayman Islands holding company is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. For example, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC enterprise shareholders.
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In addition, nonresident enterprise shareholders may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of Class B Ordinary Shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to our non-PRC individual shareholders and any gain realized on the transfer of Class B Ordinary Shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% (which, in the case of dividends, may be withheld at source by us).
These rates may be reduced by an applicable tax treaty, but it is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise.
Material U.S. Federal Income Taxation Considerations
The following discussion describes certain material United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (defined below) of an investment in our Class B Ordinary Shares. This summary applies only to investors that hold or will hold our Class B Ordinary Shares or Warrants as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This discussion is based on the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Internal Revenue Code”), as in effect on the date of this prospectus and on United States Treasury regulations in effect or, in some cases, proposed, as of the date of this prospectus, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below. The summary below does not discuss certain United States federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, such as consequences relating to the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income or the alternative minimum tax.
The following discussion neither deals with the tax consequences to any particular investor nor describes all of the tax consequences applicable to persons in special tax situations such as:
| ● | banks; |
| ● | certain financial institutions; |
| ● | insurance companies; |
| ● | regulated investment companies; |
| ● | real estate investment trusts; |
| ● | broker dealers; |
| ● | United States expatriates; |
| ● | traders that elect to use the mark-to-market method of accounting; |
| ● | tax-exempt entities; |
| ● | persons holding Class B Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction; |
| ● | persons that actually or constructively (including through the ownership of Warrants) own 10% or more of our stock, by total combined voting power or by value; |
| ● | persons who acquired Class B Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; or |
| ● | persons holding Class B Ordinary Shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities. |
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INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX RULES TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AS WELL AS THE STATE AND LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES RECEIVED UPON EXERCISE OF THE WARRANTS.
The discussion below of the United States federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to you if you are a beneficial owner of Class B Ordinary Shares or Warrants and you are, for United States federal income tax purposes,
| ● | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| ● | an estate, the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| ● | a trust (a) that is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States persons as described in Internal Revenue Code Section 7701(a)(30), or (b) that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person. |
If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes holds Class B Ordinary Shares or Warrants, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status and the activities of the partnership. A U.S. Holder that is a partner in a partnership holding Class B Ordinary Shares is urged to consult its tax advisor.
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Class B Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, the gross amount of any distributions we make to you with respect to our Class B Ordinary Shares (without reduction for any amounts withheld) generally will be includible in your gross income as foreign source dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under United States federal income tax principles). Any such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under United States federal income tax principles), such excess amount will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Class B Ordinary Shares, and then, to the extent such excess amount exceeds your tax basis in your Class B Ordinary Shares, as capital gain. However, we currently do not, and we do not intend to, calculate our earnings and profits under United States federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that any distribution will generally be reported as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
With respect to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends may be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to “qualified dividend income”, provided that (1) our Class B Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or we are eligible for the benefits of a qualifying income tax treaty with the United States, (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to you (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) the Class B Ordinary Shares are held for a holding period of more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date.
Class B Ordinary Shares are generally considered for the purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on Nasdaq, as our Class B Ordinary Shares currently are. If we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes (see “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “Treaty”). You should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income for any dividends paid with respect to our Class B Ordinary Shares.
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Any non-U.S. withholding tax (including any PRC withholding tax (see “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”)) paid (or deemed paid) by a U.S. Holder at the rate applicable to such Holder may be eligible for foreign tax credits (or deduction in lieu of such credits) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, subject to applicable limitations. Any dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will in general be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income and divided by the highest tax rate normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, any dividends distributed by us with respect to Class B Ordinary Shares will generally constitute “passive category income.”
The rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors to determine whether and to what extent a credit would be available in their particular circumstances, including the effects of any applicable income tax treaties.
Taxation of a Disposition of Class B Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, upon a sale or other disposition of Class B Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize a capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized (including the amount of any tax withheld) and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such Class B Ordinary Shares. Any such gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period in our Class B Ordinary Shares at the time of the disposition exceeds one year. Long-term capital gain of individual U.S. Holders generally will be subject to United States federal income tax at reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Any such gain or loss that you recognize generally will be treated as United States source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. However, if we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes, we may be eligible for the benefits of the Treaty. In such event, if PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of our Class B Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may elect to treat the gain as PRC source income for foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of gain or loss in their particular circumstances, including the effects of any applicable income tax treaties.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
A non-United States corporation will be a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if, after applying certain look-through rules, either:
| ● | at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income (the income test), or |
| ● | at least 50% of the total value of its assets (generally based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during such year) is attributable to assets, including cash, that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the asset test). |
For this purpose, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.
Passive income generally includes rents, royalties, dividends, interest and certain gains. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes. Goodwill is an active asset under the PFIC rules to the extent attributable to activities that produce active income. Although “passive income” generally includes rents, certain “active rental income” is not considered passive for purposes of determining whether a company is a PFIC.
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Based on the manner in which we currently operate our business, the expected composition of our income and assets, and the value of our assets, including goodwill, although not clear, we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, this is a factual determination that must be made annually after the close of each taxable year, and the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects. The value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC determination will generally be determined by reference to the market price of our Class B Ordinary Shares, which could fluctuate significantly. In addition, our PFIC status will depend on the manner in which we operate our workspace business (and the extent to which our income from workspace membership continues to qualify as active for PFIC purposes). Because of these uncertainties, there can be no assurance we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year, or will not be a PFIC in the future.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during your holding period for our Class B Ordinary Shares (or under proposed United States Treasury regulations, the Warrants), we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to you for all succeeding years during which you hold our Class B Ordinary Shares, and, although subject to uncertainty, potentially our Class B Ordinary Shares received upon exercise of the Warrants. Certain elections (such as a “deemed sale” election) may be available under certain circumstances.
For each taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you recognize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of our Class B Ordinary Shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period; |
| ● | the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year in your holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and |
| ● | the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, for each such year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
In addition, non-corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends received from us (as described above under “Taxation — Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Class B Ordinary Shares”) if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.
The tax liability for amounts allocated to taxable years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale or other disposition of our Class B Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital gains, even if you hold our Class B Ordinary Shares as capital assets.
If we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you for any taxable year, to the extent any of our subsidiaries are also PFICs or we make direct or indirect equity investments in other entities that are PFICs, you may be deemed to own a proportionate interest in such lower-tier PFICs that are directly or indirectly owned by us, and you may be subject to the adverse tax consequences described in the preceding paragraphs with respect to the shares of such lower-tier PFICs that you would be deemed to own. As a result, you may incur liability for any excess distribution described above if we receive a distribution from our lower-tier PFICs or if any shares in such lower-tier PFICs are disposed of (or deemed disposed of). You should consult your tax advisor regarding the applicability of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains. The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock.”. If you make a valid mark-to-market election for our Class B Ordinary Shares, you will include in income for each year that we are a PFIC an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of our Class B Ordinary Shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such Class B Ordinary Shares. You will be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of our Class B Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions are allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on our Class B Ordinary Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Class B Ordinary Shares will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment will also apply to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on our Class B Ordinary Shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or other disposition of our Class B Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Class B Ordinary Shares. Your basis in our Class B Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a mark-to-market election, any distributions that we make would generally be subject to the tax rules discussed above under “Taxation — Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Class B Ordinary Shares,” except that the lower rate applicable to qualified dividend income (discussed above) would not apply.
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The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in the applicable United States Treasury regulations, and may not include Warrants. Nasdaq is a qualified exchange. Our Class B Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants are listed on Nasdaq and, consequently, if you are a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants and our Class B Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants are regularly traded, the mark-to-market election might be available to you if we become a PFIC. Because a mark-to-market election may not be made for equity interests in any lower-tier PFICs we own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to its indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisors as to the availability and desirability of a mark-to-market election, as well as the impact of such election on interests in any lower-tier PFICs.
Alternatively, if a non-United States corporation is a PFIC, a holder of shares in that corporation may avoid taxation under the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains by making a “qualified electing fund” election (a “QEF Election”) to include in income its share of the corporation’s income on a current basis. However, you may make a QEF Election with respect to our Class B Ordinary Shares only if we agree to furnish you annually with certain tax information. We do not intend to provide information necessary for U.S. Holders to make QEF Elections which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.
A U.S. Holder of a PFIC is generally required to file an annual report with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. If we are or become a PFIC, you should consult your tax advisor regarding any reporting requirements that may apply to you.
You should consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Class B Ordinary Shares and our Class B Ordinary Shares received upon exercise of the Warrants.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Any dividend payments with respect to Class B Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of Class B Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and possible United States backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the United States information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your United States federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.
Additional Reporting Requirements
Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (and certain entities) are required to report information relating to an interest in our Class B Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Class B Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of these rules on the ownership and disposition of our Class B Ordinary Shares and our Class B Ordinary Shares received upon exercise of the Warrants.
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Prior to the Business Combination, the Company did not conduct any material activities other than those incidental to its formation and the matters contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, such as the making of certain required securities law filings and the establishment of merger subsidiaries. Upon the Closing, the Company became the direct parent of Target, and conducts its business through Target and Target’s subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we”, “us”, “our”, “Company” and similar first-person references are intended to mean the business and operations of Able View and its consolidated subsidiaries taken as a whole.
Overview of Able View
Able View is one of the largest comprehensive brand management partners of international beauty and personal care brands in China. The Company enjoys a market share of 16.5% in beauty and personal care cross-border brand management and a market share of 38.1% in functional beauty and personal care brand management in 2022, as measured by gross merchandise value (GMV), according to the iResearch Report. To purchase from global brand owners and conduct sales in China, Able View’s comprehensive brand management capabilities encompass all segments of the brand management value chain, including strategy, branding, digital and social marketing, omni-channel sales, customer service, overseas logistics, warehouse and fulfilment. The Company’s mission is to help global brands enter, grow and succeed in China.
As a brand management partner, Able View generates revenue from product sales by distributing and selling cross-border products from various global brand owners to Chinese consumers. Able View regards the brand companies as Able View’s suppliers and purchases goods from these suppliers to sell to consumers either directly through online e-commerce stores or offline counters operated by Able View, or indirectly to distribution channels which include mainstream horizontal online marketplaces, vertical online marketplaces, social E-commerce platforms and a wide variety of online and offline distributors, dealers and agents.
With the rapid growth of demand for beauty and personal care products in China, more global brands and brand managers are targeting China for strategic entry. The Chinese market is inherently complex and such complexity is rapidly increasing, caused by a combination of the following factors: diverse, competing, but overlapping and interdependent sales channels; changing of consumer tastes, habits, and abilities to pay; fragmented, emerging, and highly-regulated and monitored social media and other online platforms; unique, deep, and evolving business practice. Able View has the experience to manage such complexity, including market resources and know-how, consumer data and access, social media and industry experience, as well as local infrastructure and operation teams. International brands look to Able View as a trusted partner to establish themselves in China without the heavy investment needed to build such experience on their own. In particular, Able View help its brand partners navigate the challenges imposed by COVID-19 and the resulting policy and regulations in China.
Able View’s experience has allowed it to steadily expand its engagement in terms of number of brand partners, whom Able View regard as Able View’s suppliers. Able View now serves as brand manager in China for well-known international brands such as Clarins, Caudalie, and SATO. The brand portfolio mainly covers the segments of skin care and personal care (products used in personal hygiene and personal grooming). Among the two segments, the Company is particularly focused on functional products, which include both dermo-cosmetics (skincare products designed for people with skin problems such as dry skin) and functional personal care products (personal care products including functional ingredients, such as Over the Counter (OTC) drugs and supplements). After seven years of steady operation, as of December 31, 2022 Able View managed 38% (as the second largest brand manager) of the international functional beauty and personal care products in China in terms of GMV, according to the iResearch Report.
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Able View is an experienced and insightful brand manager in China’s vast, complex and ever-changing consumer market for beauty and personal care products. The Company’s comprehensive brand management capabilities encompass all segments of the brand management value chain. To achieve the sales target and business goal, Able View designs its brand management strategies jointly with its brand partners, and implements these strategies through Able View’s own dedicated brand management teams. The Company helps its brand partners establish supply chain and fulfilment infrastructures, devise market positioning and entry strategies, improve market exposure and penetration, and develop and manage channel strategies adapted to China’s vast and complex consumer demands. Able View’s omni-channel capabilities cover the entire range of 1) massive, horizontal, logistics-driven online marketplaces, such as Tmall.com, JD.com and NetEase Kaola (these are Chinese equivalents of Amazon and eBay); 2) specialized, vertical online marketplaces for the more purposeful consumers, such as Ali Health and Vipshop; 3) social, interactive E-commerce platforms such Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok), Kuaishou (a main competitor of TikTok), Xiaohongshu (a Chinese equivalent of Instagram) and WeChat (through its Moments which is like Facebook status and its Mini-Program apps); and 4) a wide variety of online and offline independent sellers, such as Watsons. The Company also maintains brick-and-mortar sales channels such as shopping mall counters and beauty chain stores including KKV and Harmay. To improve market presence and user traffic, the Company creates, manages and conducts comprehensive online sales campaigns and promotions through social platforms such as WeChat, Douyin, Kuaishou and Xiaohongshu, and through engaging KOLs and MCNs. Based the Company’s statistics, by the end of 2022, Able View has reached out to customers over 450 sales channels, over 300 KOLs, and 49 offline retail networks, reaching over 750 million consumers in China.
In addition to its marketing capabilities, the Company also values its logistics capabilities, which it outsources to third-parties, as a critical factor for success, including its logistics network and fulfilment capabilities. For each brand, Able View provides dedicated teams with deep domain experience and brand management experience. The Company provides its teams with regular training in the brand philosophy, product specification and market background of its brand partners. Able View manages reliable goods delivery through several nationwide logistics service providers. Able View coordinates with multiple service partners to provide warehouse management and storage in over 10 cities globally, with an aggregate over 3,000 cubic meters of storage space. All of these warehouses are close to either products manufacturing sites or warehouse of horizontal online marketplaces for supply chain efficiency.
Able View’s brand management methodology is driven by data and technology. The Company established a dedicated data analysis and research team to gather, analyze and process data, to extract insights that support decision making in concrete business scenarios. Each of the Company’s brand management team is trained in technology tools ranging from product research, user traffic tracking and conversion evaluation, consumer behavior analysis, product catalogue tracking, sales tracking, order management, and logistics and warehouse management. The Company currently utilizes online platforms provided by mainstream horizontal online marketplaces such as JD.com and Tmall, as well as back-end technology applications such as Jackyun provided by the Company’s business partners or third-party developers. These platforms and applications are designed to help improve operating efficiency and output.
As China’s consumer market is complex and ever evolving, innovation is essential to Able View’s culture and mission. Able View encourages all its teams to improve and innovate by trial and error. In the past three years, the Company has helped its brand partners redesign product packaging and delivery, create new marketing schemes, deploy emerging algorithmic social media analysis and improve supply chain operation. The Company believes innovation is crucial for its success in an emerging market such as China, and a key element to Able View’s value proposition to its international brand partners.
Able View does not generate revenue directly through its brand management services and the service cost is regarded as cost of sales undertaken by Able View. Instead, the Company generates revenue from the sales of the products of its brand partners. Any services that Able View provides to its brand partners in connection with its arrangements with its brand partners is factored into Able View’s overall budget when it resells the brand partners’ products to consumers in China. The Company sells products to three groups: (i) online marketplaces (ii) distributors (iii) directly to end consumers from e-commerce stores operated by Able View. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, net revenue from product sales came to $145.3 million and $117.3 million, respectively. In the same time periods, the Company realized operating profit of $10.1 million and $11.1 million, respectively. For the last six years, the Company experienced a steady growth of 68% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of revenue and 47% CAGR of operating profit.
Able View’s Competitive Strengths
Leading Position in China’s Cross-Border Brand Management in Beauty and Personal Care
Able View is one of the largest comprehensive brand management partners of international beauty and personal care brands in China. The Company enjoyed a market share of 16.5% in beauty and personal care cross-border brand management and a market share of 38.1% in functional beauty and personal care brand management in 2022, as measured by gross merchandise value (GMV), according to the iResearch Report. Able View is the trusted and comprehensive brand management partner of 11 category-leading global brands such as Clarins, Caudalie, and SATO. With its comprehensive and omni-channel capabilities, Able View helps the brand owners enter the China market while managing reasonable risks and costs. Able View accomplishes this through the access to supply chain capabilities it has access to, experienced execution team, established and well-connected online and offline channels and industry experience specialized in the beauty and personal care segments. In addition to its proven records, Able View believes its culture of innovation and adaptation to ever-evolving market trends in China are key to maintaining its leading position in the cross-border beauty and personal care brand management space in China.
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Comprehensive Capabilities and Omni-Channel Distribution
Able View’s comprehensive brand management capabilities encompass all segments of the brand management value chain, including strategy, branding, digital and social marketing, omni-channel sales, customer service, overseas logistics, warehouse and fulfilment. Able View designs and plans its brand management strategies jointly with its brand partners, and implements these strategies through Able View’s own dedicated brand management teams. Able View selects, implements, and manages sales channels to construct channel portfolios tailored to the different lifecycle stages of each brand and product. During implementation, Able View adapts brand and distribution strategies to complex and evolving market conditions through flexible and data-driven real time decisions. Able View believes its comprehensive capabilities and omni-channel coverage provide key values to brand partners with ambition of enter and compete in China’s vast and complex consumer market.
Brand Strategy and Marketing Capabilities
Able View believes brand strategy is a key essential to create sales potential and sustained value to its brand partners. The Company takes a long-term and comprehensive approach to brand strategy. The brand strategy teams study the evolving dynamics of market and consumer needs through data-driven analysis. The Company’s analytics lead to results that balance between growth, cost, and profit performance through the long term, adapted to each brand partner and products’ specific goals and requirements, which are often complex and unique for the Company’s international brand partners with ambitions to gain footholds in China. In terms of marketing capabilities, the Company can plan, design and implement cross-platform marketing integrating digital online marketing, social media marketing, traditional media marketing, offline marketing and marketing through creative contents, all specifically adapted to the diverse and complex target consumer base of China’s vast market.
Strong Relationships with Category-Leading Global Brand Owners
Able View believes that the brand image and value of its brand partners and their products open up more channels and better contractual terms with Able View’s distributors and service providers. Thus, Able View cultivates, establishes and strengthens symbiotic relationships with brand partners that fully realize the value of their intangible assets through cooperation. Able View’s brand portfolio consists of famous category-leading global brands, which has allowed the Company to bootstrap this goodwill and engage new brand partners. For the year ended December 31, 2022, two of Able View’s brand partners contributed over 10% of the Company’s revenue, with the top brand partner, Clarins, contributing 54%.
Knowledgeable and Experienced Management Team
Led by its three founders, Able View’s management team possesses an average of over a decade of experience in e-commerce, retail, branding, media or finance. Able View believes its past successes benefited from the industry knowledge, operation experience, innovative mindset and hard work of its management team. Able View has also recruited and trained a new generation of passionate and talented professionals to further build on the knowledge and experience of its founders. Able View believes that its motivated and engaged management will continue to be a key asset to its business.
Able View’s Business Strategies
Expand brand portfolio and products offering
Able View seeks opportunities to engage new products, brands and markets while continuing to create value for and strengthen relations with its existing brand partners. With its existing brand partners, Able View believes its comprehensive and omni-channel capabilities allow its business performance to scale up in terms of volume and product offerings with controlled and manageable costs. Within its current segment, Able View expects to continue expanding its brand portfolio by strictly selecting quality brands that target functional beauty and personal care needs of China’s consumers. Horizontally, the Company plans to leverage its existing experience in marketing and distribution to more OTC and wellness brands in broader segments of the healthcare market. Vertically, the Company seeks opportunities to cooperate with leading global brand management groups to leverage Able View’s experience in the China market.
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Expand distribution channel coverage
The consumer market in China is vast, complex, diverse and ever-evolving. There are still significant unmet demand and potential consumers over China’s vast geographic, economic, social and cultural landscape. In the past three years alone, emerging new online and offline retail channels and DTC (direct-to-customer) channels are growing rapidly to address the fragmented consumer market especially in the medium and smaller cities in China. Able View plans to continue expanding coverage of the above-described emerging market segments to capture the resulting growth opportunities, which would lead to improved revenue and income for both Able View and its brand partners. Able View is recruiting and training its professionals to build capabilities to capture these emerging channels and opportunities.
Elevate to-Customer cross-border products to to-Business cross-border products
China’s cross-border products broadly divide into two categories: to-C (to-Customer) and to-B (to-Business). To-C is the cross-border transaction mode where brand managers sell goods to customer first and then freight goods into China, while customers declare to customs office and pay tariffs. To-B is the cross-border transaction mode where brand owners or their brand managers apply for relevant regulatory sales approvals and freight goods into China, and declare to customs office and pay tariffs. The trade-off between to-C and to-B is primarily one between flexibility and economy of scale.
Since its founding, Able View has helped cross-border brands enter and compete in the China market primarily by branding and selling to-C cross-border products. The Company believes the operation and existing sales volume of some of the brands it manages have reached sufficient scale and stability for to-B cross-border mode, which would further increase sales volume. In to-B cross-border mode, Able View will help brand owners gather and compile materials for compliance through diverse government offices. For certain product categories such as OTC products, such regulatory process can be complex and time-consuming. But once the process is completed, to-B cross-border products have better volume and revenue potential because they are more accepted by mainstream horizontal marketplaces and platforms due to their lower variable costs and provide a better and easier purchasing experience for end customers. Able View is currently in the process of elevating several products under two of its managed brands from to-B to to-C. The Company expects to further and continue this process with more of its managed products and brands.
Further invest in data analytics and digital management systems
With growing need and importance of data in brand management, the Company plans to further invest in its data research and analytics capability by utilizing more third-party tools, consulting firms and technology partners, and hiring more talents in the Company’s data analytics team, which Able View currently has 7. Able View plans to establish in-house R&D teams to develop digital management systems to better streamline and manage the external tools and systems, daily operation efficiency, and innovative digital contents. Able View believes its efforts in digitization will help the Company to not only improve its brand management process, but also broaden access to more brand partners and consumers, extract insights from market data and improve the Company’s internal management efficiency.
Pursue strategic opportunities
After seven years of operation in the cross-border brand management space, Able View has experience and knowledge to evaluate cross-border brands. The Company believes that direct ownership of specific brands or brand operating rights in China could provide valuable strategic growth opportunities. However, the Company had no such ownership As of June 30, 2023. Able View believes its accumulated brand management experience enables it to value, select, acquire, and manage proprietary brands. Able View plans to pursue selective investment and acquisition opportunities to strengthen its brand portfolio and overall business model.
Able View’s Business Model
Able View helps global brands enter and compete in the China market in selling cross-border products primarily in the beauty and personal care segments. The Company deploys a full spectrum capabilities as an experienced and insightful brand manager in China’s vast, complex and ever-changing consumer market. The Company’s comprehensive brand management capabilities encompass all segments of the brand management value chain. Able View designs and plans its brand management strategies jointly with its brand partners, and implements these strategies through Able View’s own dedicated brand management teams. According to iResearch, the Company is a leading innovative comprehensive partner for beauty and personal care brands in China.
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The Company searches for, selects and negotiates with brand owners or global brand management groups with the ambition, growth potential, and competitive products to enter and succeed in the China market. After engagement, Able View and the brand company will design a working plan including sales projections and procurement schedules for specific products. As the plan is executed, Able View acts as the exclusive brand partner to manage supply chain, marketing strategy, sales channels and after-sales services. Able View generate revenue by purchasing goods from brand partners and conducting sales in China market.
Able View regards the brand companies as Able View’s suppliers. Able View purchases goods from the suppliers to sell to consumers either directly through online e-commerce stores or offline counters operated by Able View, or indirectly to distribution channels which include mainstream horizontal online marketplaces, vertical online marketplaces, social E-commerce platforms and a wide variety of online and offline distributors, dealers and agents. Able View owns the inventory of products of its brand partners and assume inventory risks, as the Company generally cannot return unsold inventories to the brand companies. Able View manages its inventory risks through strict brand and product screening and evaluation procedures, as well as standard inventory management techniques.
The following chart illustrates the overall business model of Able View:
The following flowchart illustrates Able View’s capabilities for its managed brand throughout the brand management value chain:
To-Customer and To-Business Product Categories
Able View enters into contractual arrangements with brand companies, some of which are exclusive arrangements, to sell their cross-border products in the China market. China’s cross-border products broadly divide into two categories: to-C (to-Customer) and to-B (to-Business).
Able View sells both to-C cross-border products and to-B cross-border products. For brand owners who has ambition to explore the China market without established local facility or teams in China, to-C cross-border is the first choice to gradually develop the brand and gain market exposure as well as a base volume of sales with the help of brand managers such as Able View. When the brand is proven to be popular with consumers, the brand company can decide to adopt the to-B cross-border mode and bear the fixed costs of regulation and compliance as well as the inventory risk of bulk local storage.
In the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, 73%, 80%, and 92% of Able View’s sales comes from to-C cross border products, respectively. The Company believes the operation and existing sales volume of some of the brands it manages have reached sufficient scale and stability for to-B cross-border mode. The Company has elevated several products from brand companies CSS and Cure into to-B cross-border mode. For these products Able View has initiated compliance process with China National Medical Products Administration, or NMPA.
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Focus Categories and Brand Groups
After seven years of operation, Able View has accumulated resources, industrial knowledge and domain know-how in the beauty and personal care segments. According to the iResearch Report, consumers in China are particularly interested in functional products. Functional products include dermo-cosmetics (skincare products designed for people with skin problems such as dry skin) and functional personal care (personal care products including functional ingredients, such as OTC drugs and supplements). The functional products in China market outperform overall skincare market in terms of GMV growth, according to the iResearch Report. Able View believes it enjoys a first mover advantage in the quick growth of the functional products category. The Company intends to continue to build and deepen its domain experience in this segment to further this advantage.
Since Able View acts as brand partner of cross-border products, it mainly works with global brands with ambition to enter the China market. Such global brands could be classified into i) multi-brand groups which are global companies each managing multiple brands and ii) single-brand groups which are companies that each operates a single brand. Able View works with both global leading multi-brand groups such as Clarins and single-brand companies such as Caudalie and CSS. For the global multi-brand groups, Able View helps them manage the brands not yet officially introduced to the China market but where unauthorized trading of the brand products already exists. The Company is experienced in reforming the market to reorganize channel structures, eliminate price discrepancies, establish marketing standards and organically improving sales volume. By December 31, 2022, three out of the Company’s total 12 managed brands are from multi-brand groups and the remainder are from single-brand groups.
Brand Strategy
Able View believes it is critical to form a complete, well-planned, innovative and executable brand strategy to help a cross-border brand enter and compete in the China market successfully.
Able View believes brand strategy is a key essential that differentiates a comprehensive brand manager such as Able View from other brand management players or fulfilment providers. The Company takes a long-term and comprehensive approach to brand strategy.
Market and consumer research: Before making any plan or executable items, Able View’s dedicated data and research teams conduct research of the target market to study the competitive landscape, market trends, comparable products, value proposition, sales channels and communication methods. The Company’s research teams will also study the consumers using online data sources, focus groups or online surveys to generate insights of consumer habits and needs. Such research often involves issues complex and unique for Able View’s international brand partners with ambitions to gain footholds in China
Training and consultation: Able View’s brand management teams conduct various training and consultation meetings and seminars with brand companies to transfer and adapt brand knowledge to appropriate business language, culture, and scenarios for the China market.
Brand and product positioning: Combining knowledge and know-how from Able View and brand company resulting from research and training, Able View’s brand management team typically works out a brand and product positioning strategy as overall guideline of the brand strategy. The brand positioning takes into consideration existing brand image, product competitive advantages, consumer preferences, competitive environments and market trends. Able View helps the brand company articulate the positioning to deliver accurate, attractive and vivid brand message to the target consumers.
Overall brand strategy execution: Able View typically works out an overall brand strategy which will clearly define the market entry strategy, working plan and expected business outcome. Once the overall strategy is confirmed by the brand company, each business unit of the brand management team will work out respective implementation plans including marketing, sales, supply chain operation and risk management. The Company’s budget team will also rely on this overall brand strategy and related product and marketing plans. Usually, Able View will generate brand strategies covering 1~3 years’ time scale.
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Omni-Channel Operation
Able View’s omni-channel capabilities cover the entire range of 1) massive, horizontal, logistics-driven online marketplaces, such as Tmall.com, JD.com and NetEase Kaola; 2) specialized, vertical online marketplaces for the more purposeful consumers, such as Ali Health and Vipshop; 3) social, interactive E-commerce platforms such Douyin, Kuaishou, Xiaohongshu and WeChat (through its Moments which is like Facebook status and its Mini-Program apps); and 4) a wide variety of online and offline independent sellers, such as Watsons. The Company also maintains brick-and-mortar sales channels such as shopping mall counters and beauty chain stores including KKV and Harmay. The Company also operates several flagship e-commerce stores under its own name on mainstream horizontal marketplaces which directly sell goods to consumers. Able View believes a full omni-channel coverage will optimize and adopt fitted channel portfolios tailored to the different lifecycle stages of each brand and product. During implementation, Able View adapts brand and distribution strategies to complex and evolving market conditions through flexible and data-driven real time decisions. Able View can also provide and implement cross-channel marketing plans with unified brand and product image across diverse channels and marketplaces. The Company’s online traffic operations and digital marketing campaigns benefit multiple distribution channels at once, creating cross-channel synergies and economies of scope.
Online flagship e-stores: Able View operates 9 online flagship e-stores on mainstream horizontal marketplaces such as Tmall and JD.com. All the e-stores are established and operated by request and permission from brand companies, and owned by Able View or its subsidiaries. Able View uses in these e-stores the brand names and image of the brand companies as their agent. In these e-stores, Able View controls store operation including merchandising, web content management, online event management, customer service and goods delivery, and sells goods directly to consumers. Our online flagship e-stores occupies 2%, 8% and 5% of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.
Mainstream horizontal marketplaces: Able View maintains close business relationships with massive, horizontal, logistics-driven online marketplaces in China such as Tmall and JD.com. Such mainstream horizontal marketplaces offer centralized marketplaces for a wide range of products from different industry segments, and broadly attract the majority of the entire consumer base. Since such mainstream horizontal marketplaces attract the majority of online shopping traffic in China, Able View devotes much effort to the operation and management of these channels. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, 72%, 59%, and 51% of the Company’s revenue comes from these mainstream horizontal marketplaces, respectively.
Typically, Able View acts as the supplier of the marketplaces and pays online marketplaces a pre-determined percentage of GMV when each transaction is settled. From the marketplaces’ perspective, Able View’s managed brand portfolio helps them offer higher quality brands and products at their marketplaces. To promote sales, Able View conducts digital marketing campaigns or online traffic operations to attract and direct more online shoppers to its managed brands. In addition to direct cooperation with the marketplaces, Able View also engages distributors and shop runners with their own online e-stores at these marketplaces for potential consumer traffic and expanded sales opportunities.
Vertical marketplaces: Different from mainstream horizontal marketplaces who provide wide ranges products from different segments to consumers, vertical marketplaces usually focus on specific product segments and targeted consumer groups providing differentiated products and selective brands. Since Able View’s managed brands focus on beauty and personal care segments, Able View works with various vertical marketplaces such as Ali Health and Vipshop as specialized sales channels to sell to more purposeful consumers. Able View provides goods either directly to such vertical marketplaces as supplier or to distributors proficient in operating on these platforms. Our vertical marketplace occupies 8%, 5% and 3% of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.
Social E-commerce channels: The emerging social, interactive e-commerce channels are attracting more user traffic and converting users into online shoppers, concurrent with the rise of internet usage in China. These social channels are evolving to become more algorithm-based, multimedia-presented, creative content oriented and driven by numerous KOLs uploading short video clips or live streaming. The social channels are fragmented into massive numbers of KOLs, bloggers, content owners and official representatives, making it complex and difficult to manage without experience and connections.
Able View works closely with social e-commerce channel touchpoints and continues to devise, learn and adopt methods and tools to manage and operate in this emerging space. By December 31, 2022, the Company has engaged over 300 KOLs on social channels such as Douyin, Kuaishou, Xiaohongshu and WeChat (through its Moments which is like Facebook status and its Mini-Program apps). To these KOLs and e-commerce channels the Company provides products as well as workshops and works with them to design and execute digital marketing campaigns, creative digital contents, online traffic operations and online sales events.
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Our social e-commerce channels occupy 2%, 3% and 3% of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.
Offline channels: To capture the still sizeable offline consumer segment in China, Able View cooperates with emerging offline beauty chain stores such as KKV and Harmay. Able View also sets up shopping mall counters for strategic brands who benefit from such exposure. In 2022, the Company did not expand any offline channels due to the COVID-19 resurgence in several cities in China. In 202, Able View has engaged several famous offline channels selling the Company’s managed brand products. Our offline channels occupy 1%, 3% and 1% of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.
Various other distributors: To complete its omni-channel strategy covering all segments of the massive and diverse consumer base in China, Able View developed various specialized distributors targeting fragmented independent sales scenarios. According to the iResearch Report, independent sales channels contribute 15.4% of the beauty and personal care market in China in terms of GMV in 2022. Such independent channels include small online stores on platforms such as Taobao (a marketplace to facilitate consumer-to-consumer retail) and Pinduoduo (an e-commerce platform focusing on agricultural products), small independent online stores, person-to-person transactions on social platforms and small offline beauty collection stores. Each channel has relatively small sales volume but stable and loyal consumer groups. The development and management of various independent channels can help brand companies generate revenues in the long tail market while simultaneously resolving price discrepancies, scalper trades, fake products and other issues which could damage the brand image and market efficiency. Our various other distributors occupy 15%, 22% and 37% of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.
Comprehensive Marketing
Able View has developed comprehensive marketing capabilities and the Company is able to plan, design and implement cross-platform and multi-channel marketing activities integrating digital online marketing, social media marketing, traditional media marketing, offline marketing and marketing through creative contents. To achieve sustained success, Able View typically generates flexible and progressive marketing plans in different stages of the brand and product lifecycle and in response to evolving market trends. The Company adopts a cautious, sustainable approach to marketing which avoids both short-term aggressive promotion activities that tarnish the brand image as well as over-invest in upfront brand exposure. Able View helps brand companies build solid and sustained brand development paths and aims to attract more brand partners who share the same approach and values.
Digital and traditional marketing: Able View commands diverse digital marketing capabilities including digital marketing strategy, digital marketing campaign, creative content, media distribution, traffic operation and data analysis support. Based on a managed brand’s positioning, development stage and sales channel status, Able View plans, designs and executes marketing activities which usually includes marketing campaigns and media communications. Able View implements marketing campaigns in specific marketplaces or across multiple channels. A campaign usually includes media advertisement to targeted audiences to better realize the marketing objective and increase ROI (return on investment). The Company manages to approach various types of media on horizontal and vertical marketplaces, social media platforms, popular online websites and individual KOLs. Able View also conducts traditional marketing campaigns or offline advertising activities when strategically useful.
Social marketing: Concurrent with the rise of internet usage, social media is booming in China with great amounts of user traffic and digital contents that are generated by both individual users and professional workshops. From Able View’s past experience and according to iResearch Report, when making a purchasing decision, the typical Chinese consumer is easily influenced by KOLs, famous bloggers, family members, close friends or colleagues who are usually regarded as trusted information sources. Such sales touchpoints are decentralized and received by potential consumers through active browsing as well as passive pushing to view through extensive social platforms such as Douyin, Kuaishou, Xiaohongshu and WeChat (through its Moments which is like Facebook status and its Mini-Program apps). Able View is dedicated to keep pace with the latest trends and command methodologies to leverage social media into our marketing strategies. The Company designs or engages with professional MCNs to produce creative multi-media contents to launch on preferred social media platforms, encouraging interactions from potential consumers and driving purchasing decisions. The management team study and catch the latest trends of contents and emerging forms of digital campaigns, integrating the ideas into social marketing plans and keeping continuous communication in response to consumer feedback from various platforms.
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Content management: Able View creates and maintains digital contents used in online e-stores, marketing campaigns, advertising and social media. The Company helps brand companies maintain unified designs and visual image for brand exposure, product presentation and creative promotion. Able View also produces by itself or engages with professional media studios to create innovative and up-to-date social media contents including review blogs, flash animations, short video clips and live streaming videos. The Company typically do not register copyrights for the marketing contents it creates. In order to protect brand assets, Able View also established dedicated copywrite teams to track and thwart the unauthorized, non-standard or false or misleading contents which may violate trust and confidence in the brands and products Able View manages.
Supply Chain Management
During its seven years of operation, Able View has established along the cross-border brand management value chain a robust logistics network and warehousing capacity to help ensure a smooth and reliable delivery experience. The Company engages third-party warehousing and logistic service providers to deliver goods from its designated warehouses. Able View has adopted a warehouse management system, or WMS system, anti-counterfeit practices, custom clearance, bonded warehousing and inventory management to add value to the fulfilment process.
Able View managed product logistics through several leading third-party logistics service providers. Able View also coordinates with several leading service partners in providing management and storage in more than 10 warehouses in over 10 cities globally, in Japan and China, with an aggregate over 3,000 cubic meters of storage space. The Company ships goods to distributors and individual consumers in over 8 cities across China with timely and reliable delivery. Able View monitors and adjusts inventory levels on an ongoing basis based on sales projections and the shipment schedules of brand companies. To realize cross-border distribution, the Company arranges bulk shipment from overseas warehouses to designated receiving points after custom clearance. In case of cross-border e-commerce, Able View arranges delivery of goods to bonded areas (government designated low-tax and low-tariff zones) in China where the goods shall be pending for custom clearance. Once a consumer finishes a purchase transaction, the Company will execute the custom clearance process for the specific goods and deliver the goods to the consumer. Able View typically enters into annual service agreements with warehousing and logistics service providers and assumes risks of damage and loss not attributable to the service provider’s fault.
Customer Service
Able View provides pre-sales and post-sales customer services while operating its flagship online e-stores. Consumers can reach the service staff through online messaging, phone call or emails. The pre-sales inquiry usually relates to product specification or promotion details. Able View believes the pre-sales customer service help the Company to collect consumer concerns which would help improve future operations, and it’s also important to leave a good impression to consumers through pre-sales service process to encourage purchases. The post-sales inquiry usually relates to delivery, exchange or return. Able View also guides and trains the distributors to implement quality customer service to end consumers by providing training seminars, guidance of standard service procedures and summary of service best practices.
Price Management
Able View believe it’s critical to maintain a healthy and orderly price system for stable brand operation. The Company sets up and adjusts pricing policies concerning brand company guidance, brand positioning, comparable products, promotion rules and consumer acceptance. Able View implements a strict price control system to crack down on fraudulent or deceptive pricing. The brand management team does regular inspections on the price from various platforms and make alerts when there’s any unusual price volatility. Able View publishes open and transparent penalty terms to all distribution channels and take actions such as written warning, deposit deduction and authorization cancellation when violation occurs.
Seasonality
Our results of operations historically have been seasonal primarily because consumers increase their purchases during particular promotional activities, such as Singles Day (an online sales promotions event that falls on or around November 11 each year) promotion and the impact of seasonal buying patterns within certain categories such as sunscreen. In addition, we generally experience a lower level of sales activity in the first quarter due to the Chinese New Year holiday, during which consumers generally spend less time shopping online and businesses in China are generally closed.
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In anticipation of increased sales activity during peak seasons, we increase our inventory levels and incur additional expenses. After Able View goes public, if our seasonal revenues are below expectations, our operating results could be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. Due to the nature of our business, it is difficult to predict the impact of this seasonality on our business and financial results. In the future, our seasonal sales patterns may become more pronounced, may strain our personnel, customer service operations, fulfillment operations and shipment activities and may cause a shortfall in revenues compared to expenses in a given period. As a result, the trading price of our ordinary shares may fluctuate from time to time due to seasonality.
Brand Development and Acquisition
Managed Brands
By December 31, 2022, Able View has engaged 12 brands as brand management partner in China, compared to a portfolio of 11 and 8 brands by the end of 2021 and 2020. Our purchase agreements with Cosmetic Skin Solutions LLC., which occupy approximately 7% of Company’s total revenues in each of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022, and has a term of three years. The Company engages brand companies under agency contracts with a term of 12 months. The contract renewal process usually starts at the beginning of the next year, and take around one month to negotiate the annual minimum purchase target. As of the date of this prospectus, all of our contracts with our brand partners have been renewed for the calendar year of 2023. The brand portfolio covers classes of beauty and personal care categories including hair care, nasal care, oral care, dermo skin care and OTC. The Company doesn’t have preference of country of origin and engage brands from United States, France, Spain, Japan and Korea. The brand companies are regarded as product suppliers to Able View and the contracts with brand companies are usually on an exclusive basis.
Brand Screening and Acquisition
Able View primarily focuses on brands with global recognition, proven records of leading position in specific product categories and good reputation among target consumers in China. As a brand partner and agent in China market, Able View believes it is critical to cooperate with qualified brands which has great potential to grow in its category and ability to recognize Able View’s value to generate accord in future operation. The Company implements strict screening procedures utilizing various sourcing channels from online industrial websites, e-commerce websites, social media, KOLs, domain expert recommendation and industry exhibitions. The Company also deploys a research and data team to analyze product category data from various sources such as number of topics and review blogs from social media, trend of sales from unauthorized channels and network popularity of similar products or effectiveness. As a result, from the brand sourcing practice, the Company typically maintains a potential pitching list of over 200 brands. Based on the Company’s analysis and industry experience, Able View carefully selects competitive, trusted, reputable and reliable brands for further discussion and negotiation.
Able View also strengthens cooperation with existing brand companies, of which three have multiple brands, adding loyalty and extending the brand portfolio by penetrate into other brands owned by these companies leveraging a track record of success cases and long-term cooperation experience. The Company conducts reviews on managed brands regarding sales, profitability, growth forecast, finance compliance and other criteria. To optimize the resource and improve operation efficiency, Able View has terminated relationship with two brands through its entire operating history.
During the selection and negotiation of brands, Able View considers long-term potential with relatively low inventory risk. As in most scenarios the Company engage the brand as the sole partner in the China market, Able View controls or has big influence of pricing and distribution policies, which can usually help the Company make flexible and time-efficient adjustments to ever evolving market conditions and consumer needs.
Brand Management and Service Teams
Able View typically assigns dedicated brand management teams to offer tailored operation and services led by experienced brand managers who are responsible for managing relationships with brand companies and complete business performance requirements. In addition to the brand management teams, Able View also maintains shared service of data analysis, research and supply chain to ensure a seamless experience to brand companies. Able View constantly reorganizes the structure of brand management teams to adapt to different brand lifecycle stages and provide qualified capabilities to help the managed brands grow.
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Technology Adoption
Able View adopts technology systems and tools provided by online marketplace or third-party providers. The Company’s brand management teams are trained and integrate technology tools into daily work from product research, traffic tracking and conversion evaluation, consumer behavior analysis, product catalogue tracking, sales tracking, order management and logistics and warehouse management. Although Able View does not own any technology infrastructure and related intellectual properties, it is planning to establish a dedicated technology team to develop and integrate in-house technology infrastructure and systems cross various applications.
Intellectual Property
We use our brand partners’ names, logos and other marks in connection with marketing and selling their products. Some of our agreements with our brand partners provide us with licenses, typically coterminous with the distribution agreements, to use their intellectual property for the said purposes; others require that we obtain the brand partner’s consent for specific uses of the brand partner’s intellectual property. We do not register our brand partners’ trademarks in China on their behalf.
We regard our trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and other intellectual property as critical to our success. To protect our proprietary rights in content, services and technology, we rely on trademark and trade secret protection laws in China. As of June 30, 2023, we own 11 registered trademarks and 25 trademarks applications, including those relating to our “Able View” brand names. We also own two registered trademarks in Hong Kong. As of the same date, we own ten domain names in mainland China and one domain name in Hong Kong.
Employees
As of June 30, 2023, we had a total of 117 full-time employees. We had a total of 67, 103 and 103 full-time employees as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. All of our employees are based in China. The following table lists the breakdown of the number of employees in different departments.
| Number of Employees as of | ||||||||||||||||
| June 30, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| Department | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Brand Operating | 62 | 57 | 53 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| Supply Chain | 8 | 8 | 8 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| IT Data Analysis | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Business Development | 18 | 18 | 18 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| Financial and administration Supporting | 22 | 22 | 18 | 15 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 117 | 112 | 103 | 67 | ||||||||||||
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As required by laws and regulations in China, we participate in various employee social security plans that are organized by municipal and provincial governments including, among other things, pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, on-the-job injury insurance and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated benefit contribution plan. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time.
We typically enter into standard employment agreements and confidentiality agreements or clauses with our senior management and core personnel. These agreements include a standard non-compete covenant that prohibits the employee from competing with us, directly or indirectly, during his or her employment and for six months after termination of his or her employment.
We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any material labor disputes.
Properties and Facilities
Our corporate office and headquarters are located in Shanghai, China. We also engaged warehouse service contracts, ask third-party service partners to manage our inventories and provide warehouse storage services in China, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Kunshan, Nansha and in Hong Kong and Japan. As of June 30, 2023, we leased an aggregate of approximately 2,111 square meters of office space and had an aggregate over 3,000 cubic meters of storage space that are provided and managed by third-party service partners. We believe that our existing properties and facilities are generally adequate for our current needs, but we expect to seek additional space as needed to accommodate our future growth.
Insurance
We provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical insurance for our employees. Additionally, we provide accident insurance and supplementary medical insurance for certain key personnel. We do not maintain business interruption insurance, product liability insurance or key-man life insurance. We consider our insurance coverage sufficient for our business operations in China.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. Except as disclosed in this prospectus, we are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings.
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The board of directors and executive officers of the Company are as follows.
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Executive Officers | ||||
| Stephen Jian Zhu | 44 | Chairman, Director and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Tang Jing | 50 | Director and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Non-Executive Directors | ||||
| Yilun Wu | 47 | Independent Director | ||
| Yimin Zhou | 61 | Independent Director | ||
| Zhifan Zhou | 38 | Independent Director |
Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu, aged 44, serves as Chairman, Director and Chief Executive officer of the Company. He has over 20 years of experience in marketing and business development area. From 2016 to present, he served as Chief Executive Officer of Able View where he was responsible for brand and business development for the Company through his expansive network in multiple beauty industry verticals and Responsible for the overall work of the Company. Previously, he served as the Chief Operating Officer of Search Tiger Media where he was responsible for national marketing and expansion into the media market. Mr. Zhu received a bachelor’s degree in Advertising and Marketing from Tongji University and a Master of Business Administration degree from Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business.
Mr. Tang Jing, aged 50, serves as Director and Chief Financial Officer of the Company. He has over 20 years of experience in finance and accounting area. From 2017 to present, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Able View where he is responsible for managing financial activities such as listing, financing, fund management, budgeting, mergers and acquisitions. He has held similar positions in other companies including AMH Media Holding Company. He received a bachelor’s degree in Finance and Accounting from Shanghai University and received his Master of Business Administration from University of Birmingham (United Kingdom). He is also a duly licensed Certified Public Accountant in China.
Mr. Yilun Wu, aged 47, serves as an independent director of the Company. He has over 20 years of experience in financial and accounting area. Since 2022, he is the China CFO of Johnson Controls Corporation (“JCI”). From 2015 to 2021, he served as Asia Finance Director, Finance Director for Global Industrial Refrigeration (IR) and Middle East & Africa and Finance Director for Global Products Asia and Middle East in JCI in different period of these 7 years, where he oversaw the finance operations of global products in the regional including indirect business, integrated supply chain, product management and engineering, and is responsible for all M&A deals and business/manufacturing integration in APAC. From 2008 to 2015, he served as a Corporate Audit Director, an Asia Finance Controller and an Asia Pacific Finance Director in Honeywell Inc in different period of these 8 years, where he oversaw the entire finance operation of Honeywell Sensing and Control in Asia Pacific and led the process of STRAP and AOP from finance. Mr. Wu received the Bachelor’s Degree of Arts in Accounting and Finance with honors in 1998 from University of Greenwich, and the Master’s Degree of Arts in International Finance in 1999 from Middlesex University.
Mr. Yimin Zhou, aged 61, serves as an independent director of the Company. He has over 30 years of experience in business operation. From June 2014 to October 2014 and from April 2018 to July 2020, he served as Vice President of Supply Chain and Operations in Great China Region in Fonterra, responsible for general management in importing, demand planning, warehousing, transportation, customer service and complaints, and third party manufacturing. From January 2001 to March 2014, he served as a Supply Chain Director of China Business Unit in Pepsi-Cola International, being responsible for making and executing the company’s strategies plan. He received the Bachelor’s Degree of Science in Inorganic Material Science and Engineering in August 1984 from East China University of Technology, the Master of Business Administration in Finance and Risk Management in August 1993 from St. John University, and the Executive Master of Business Administration in May 2018 from Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business.
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Mr. Zhifan Zhou, aged 38, serves as an independent director of the Company. Mr. Zhou has over ten years of experience in investment banking, audit, private equity and mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Zhou has served as the General Manager of Hainan Winlong Capital, an investment company, since April 2021, where he leads the mergers and acquisitions operations. Prior to that, Mr. Zhou served as Vice President and General Manager of Capital Operations of Shanzhinong Co., Ltd., a B2B e-commerce platform company, from March 2020 to April 2021, where he was responsible for acquiring assets of the agricultural sector in China. He also served as the Head of Finance Department of Wanda Information Stock Co., Ltd., a software company, from December 2019 to March 2020, where he was responsible for due diligence and integration of wholly-owned subsidiaries; Deputy General Manager of Xinghe Real Estate Financial Group Shanghai Company, a financial group company, from March 2018 to June 2019, where he was responsible for platform financing; Deputy General Manager of Cefc Anhui Internal Holding Co., Ltd., an investment company, from October 2014 to March 2018, where he participated in various mergers and acquisitions; and Senior Project Manager in the investment banking department of Zheshang Securities Co., Ltd., a securities company, from June 2013 to October 2014, where he participated in multiple mergers and acquisitions. From September 2010 to June 2013, Mr. Zhou served as Senior Consultant of PricewaterhouseCooper Consultants (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shanghai branch, a consulting company where he provided risk management and internal control services and was experienced with cross-border IPO audits.
Mr. Zhou received bachelor’s degrees in international economic law and accounting from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in July 2008, and a master’s degree in law from The Chinese University of Hong Kong in December 2010. Mr. Zhou has been a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and holds Certificate of Computer Application Techniques (CCAT) and Legal Profession Qualification Certificate in China.
The business and affairs of Pubco are managed by or under the supervision of the Pubco Board following completion of the Business Combination. Immediately after Closing, the Pubco Board consist of 5 directors: Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu, Mr. Tang Jing as executive directors, and Mr. Yilun Wu, Mr. Yimin Zhou and Mr. Zhifan Zhou as independent directors, with Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu serving as Chairman of the Pubco Board. The primary responsibilities of the Pubco Board is to provide oversight, strategic guidance, counselling and direction to Pubco’s management. The Pubco Board meets on a regular basis and additionally as required.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships between any of the Company’s executive officers and directors.
Able View’s Executive Compensation
The aggregate cash compensation accrued to Able View’s director and executive officers who were employed by Able View in fiscal year 2022 was approximately US$282,711 and in fiscal year 2021 was approximately $282,136.
Executive Officer and Director Compensation
Pubco is developing an executive compensation program that is consistent with existing compensation policies and philosophies of Nasdaq-listed peer companies, which are designed to align the interest of executive officers with those of its stakeholders, while enabling Pubco to attract, motivate and retain individuals who contribute to the long-term success of Pubco.
Foreign Private Issuer and Controlled Company
Pubco is a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act and, as such, Pubco is permitted to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country, the Cayman Islands, in lieu of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq applicable to U.S. domestic companies. For example, Pubco is not required to have a majority of the board consisting of independent directors nor have a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors. Pubco may elect to follow its home country’s corporate governance practices as long as its remains a foreign private issuer. As a result, Pubco’ shareholders may not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of U.S. domestic companies that are subject to Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. As a foreign private issuer, Pubco is also subject to reduced disclosure requirements and are exempt from certain provisions of the U.S. securities rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers such as the rules regulating solicitation of proxies and certain insider reporting and short-swing profit rules. Nonetheless, Pubco intends to align itself with the practices adopted by Nasdaq-listed U.S. domestic companies to the best of its ability to provide its shareholders with enhanced transparency and protection.
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Pubco is a “controlled company” as defined under the rules of Nasdaq, because Healthy Great Investing Company Limited is able to exercise approximately 93.4% of the aggregate voting power of Pubco’s total issued and outstanding shares (assuming no Public Shares are redeemed as described in this prospectus). Under the rules of Nasdaq, a “controlled company” may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. As a result, Pubco’s shareholders may not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Nonetheless, Pubco intends to align itself with the practices adopted by Nasdaq-listed non-controlled companies to the best of its ability to provide its shareholders with enhanced transparency and protection.
Independence of Directors
Pubco adheres to the rules of Nasdaq, as applicable to foreign private issuers and controlled companies, in determining whether a director is independent. The board of directors of Pubco has consulted, and will consult, with its counsel to ensure that the board of director’s determinations are consistent with those rules and all relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding the independence of directors. Mr. Yilun Wu, Mr. Yimin Zhou, and Mr. Zhifan Zhou are “independent directors” as defined in the rules of Nasdaq and applicable SEC rules.
Risk Oversight
The Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing Pubco’s risk management process. The Board focuses on Pubco’s general risk management strategy, the most significant risks facing the Company, and oversight of the implementation of risk mitigation strategies by the management of the Company. Pubco’s audit committee is responsible for discussing the Company’s policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management.
The Board appreciates the evolving nature of its business and industry and is actively involved with monitoring new threats and risks as they emerge. In particular, the Board is responsible for closely monitoring any epidemic, its potential effects on the Company’s business, and risk mitigation strategies. While the Company has not yet experienced significant impact on the situation in Ukraine caused by the Russian invasion, the Board also closely monitors the risks in relation to such development, including but not limited to risks related to cybersecurity, sanctions, supply chain, suppliers and service providers.
Our Board of Directors is responsible for the oversight of the operational risk management, which includes the cybersecurity risk management. In terms of the cybersecurity risk management, the Board receives periodic reporting from the Company’s officers on (i) material issues related to cybersecurity risks arising from the business operations, for instance the cooperation with our supply chain, suppliers and/or important service providers, and any methods adopted to resolve; and (ii) the legal compliance with cybersecurity and data protection. In addition, Able View’s board of directors has taken the following measures in overseeing cybersecurity risks:
1. Improve the awareness of network information security protection
Able View carries out network security protection awareness training for all employees from time to time, requiring employees not to register their real information during network operation, including name, address, telephone number, ID number, etc., and secondly, to follow secure password policies, such as length requirements; mixed use of numbers, upper and lower case letters, special characters; password life requirements and password history requirements, etc.
2. Firewall and anti-virus software installation
Employees are required to install firewall and anti-virus software to the host system of the Able View’s equipment, update the firewall version and virus library of anti-virus software in time, so as to cope with the continuous development of new viruses, and finally configure the protection level of firewall and anti-virus software according to the network security level.
3. Digital signature and file encryption technology
For important contracts and data within the company, digital signature or file encryption technology is required to protect files, so that data information will not be tampered or leaked arbitrarily, and file security is guaranteed.
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4. Contracts with confidentiality clauses
During Able View’s cooperation with suppliers, customers and service providers, confidentiality clauses are required to be added to relevant contracts and agreements. Any matter, information or materials obtained from the other party due to the signing or performance of the agreements or for any other reason, including but not limited to the business secret or other secret of the other party shall not be disclosed to any third party without permission. Confidential information includes but not limited to (i) any matter formulated in writing or orally or marked as confidential or financial information, and any matter that either party shall identify as confidential information according to the circumstances of disclosure; (ii) either party’s product plan, sales plan, incentive policy, customer information, financial information, trading information, operation system, etc., and non-patented technology, design, procedure, technical information, production method, information source, marketing, product strategy and business plan; (iii) any liaison between the parties and concerning the agreement; (iv) any duplicate, summary, briefing or any other form of aforesaid information; and (v) any information which may have already been disclosed before the agreement is signed and delivered.
Committees of the Board of directors
Audit Committee
Pubco’s audit committee consist of Mr. Yilun Wu, Mr. Yimin Zhou, and Mr. Zhifan Zhou, with Mr. Yilun Wu serving as chairperson. Pubco’s Board has determined that all such directors meet the independence requirements under the Nasdaq Listing Rules and under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. Each member of the audit committee is financially literate, in accordance with Nasdaq audit committee requirements, and possesses prior experience sitting in auditing committees of publicly-listed companies. In arriving at this determination, the Pubco Board examined each audit committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their prior and/or current employment.
Nomination Committee
Pubco’s nomination committee consist of Mr. Yimin Zhou, Mr. Yilun Wu, and Mr. Zhifan Zhou, with Mr. Yimin Zhou with serving as chairperson. The nomination committee is responsible for the assessment of the performance of the board, considering and making recommendations to the board with respect to the nominations or elections of directors and other governance issues.
Compensation Committee
Pubco’s compensation committee consist of Mr. Zhifan Zhou, Mr. Yilun Wu, and Mr. Yimin Zhou, with Mr. Zhifan Zhou serving as chairperson. The compensation committee is responsible for reviewing and making recommendations to the Pubco Board regarding its compensation policies for its officers and all forms of compensation. The compensation committee administers Pubco’s equity-based and incentive compensation plans and make recommendations to the Pubco Board about amendments to such plans and the adoption of any new employee incentive compensation plans.
Code of Ethics
Pubco will adopt a Code of Ethics that applies to all of its employees, officers, and directors. This includes Pubco’ principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. We intend to disclose on our website any future amendments of the Code of Ethics or waivers that exempt any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, persons performing similar functions, or our directors from provisions in the Code of Ethics.
Shareholder Communication with the Board of directors
Shareholders and other interested parties may communicate with the board of directors, including non-management directors, by sending a letter to us at Floor 16, Dushi Headquarters Building, No. 168, Middle Xizang Road, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China for submission to the board of directors or committee or to any specific director to whom the correspondence is directed. Shareholders communicating through this means should include with the correspondence evidence, such as documentation from a brokerage firm, that the sender is a current record or beneficial shareholder of Pubco. All communications received as set forth above will be opened by the Corporate Secretary or his or her designee for the sole purpose of determining whether the contents contain a message to one or more of our directors. Any contents that are not advertising materials, promotions of a product or service, patently offensive materials or matters deemed, using reasonable judgment, inappropriate for the board of directors will be forwarded promptly to the chairman of the board of directors, the appropriate committee or the specific director, as applicable.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Following and as a result of the Business Combination, the business of the Company is conducted through Target, the Company’s direct, wholly-owned subsidiary, and Target’s subsidiaries.
Business Overview
We are one of the largest comprehensive brand management partners of international beauty and personal care brands in China. We enjoy a market share of 16.5% in beauty and personal care cross-border brand management and a market share of 38.1% in functional beauty and personal care brand management in 2022, as measured by gross merchandise value (GMV), according to the Additional Independent Market Research Report by iResearch Co., Ltd. dated February 13, 2023. (the “iResearch Report”). To purchase from global brand owners and conduct sales in China, our comprehensive brand management capabilities encompass all segments of the brand management value chain, including strategy, branding, digital and social marketing, omni-channel sales, customer service, overseas logistics, warehouse and fulfilment. Our mission is to help global brands enter, grow and succeed in China.
We do not generate revenue directly through its brand management services and the service cost is regarded as cost of sales undertaken by us. Instead, we generate revenue from the sales of the products of its brand partners. Any services that we provide to its brand partners in connection with its arrangements with its brand partners is factored into our overall budget when it resells the brand partners’ products to consumers in China. We sell products to three groups: (i) online marketplaces (ii) distributors (iii) directly to end consumers from e-commerce stores operated by us. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, net revenue from product sales came to $81.7 million and $60.8 million, respectively. In the same time periods, we realized net income from operations of $8.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, net revenue from product sales came to $145.3 million and $117.3 million, respectively. In the same time periods, the Company realized net income from operations of $10.1 million and $11.1 million, respectively.
Factors Affecting Results of Operations
Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by a number of factors, which primarily include the following:
Overall economic and political conditions
Our business, financial condition and results of operations are sensitive to changes in overall economic and political conditions that affect consumer spending in China. In addition, the retail industry is highly sensitive to general economic changes. Many factors outside of our control, including inflation and deflation, interest rates, volatility of equity and debt securities markets, and other government policies can adversely affect consumer confidence and spending. The domestic and international political environments, including global inflation and uncertain financial markets or at all, could in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our ability to retain our existing brand partners
We provide service to help distribute and sell cross-border products from various global brand owners through e-commerce platforms for brand partners primarily pursuant to contractual arrangements with a term typically ranging from 12 to 36 months. As of the date hereof, all of our contracts with our brand partners have been renewed for the calendar year of 2023. Although we are fairly confident that we will be able to renew the contracts with these brand partners, there is possibility that these contracts may not be renewed or, if renewed, may not be renewed under the same or more favorable terms for us. We may not be able to accurately predict future trends in brand partners renewals, and our brand partners’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate due to factors such as level of satisfaction with our capacities, as well as factors beyond our control, such as level of competition faced by our brand partners, their level of success in e-commerce and their spending levels.
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Our ability to maintain our relationships with distribution channels
We generate a substantial majority of our revenues from the product sales on e-commerce channels, including marketplaces, social media and other emerging e-commerce channels. These e-commerce channels have no obligation to do business with us or to allow us to have access to their channels in the long term. If we fail to maintain our relationships with these channels, they may decide at any time and for any reason to significantly curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our brand management capabilities with their channels. We have annual platform service agreements with major online marketplaces, which may not be renewed in the future. A majority of our platform service agreements have been renewed on an annual basis. We endeavour to timely renew those platform service agreements before their expiration.
Additionally, these channels may decide to make significant changes to their respective business models, policies, systems or plans, and those changes could impair or inhibit our ability or our partners’ ability to sell their products on those channels, or may adversely affect the amount of GMV on those channels, or otherwise reduce the desirability of selling on those channels. Further, any of these channels could decide to acquire capabilities that would allow them to compete with us. If we are unable to adapt to new e-commerce channels as they emerge, our value may be less attractive to our partners. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our ability to manage our inventory
We assume inventory ownership of the products of some of our brand partners and thus are subject to inventory risk. We deploy different strategies to deal with non-seasonal and seasonal demands and make adjustments to our procurement plan in order to minimize the chance of excess unsold inventory and manage our product costs. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the time inventory is ordered and the date by which we target to sell it. Demand may be affected by seasonality, new product launches, fashion trends, changes in product cycles and pricing, product defects, changes in consumer spending patterns and habits, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products and other factors. In addition, when we begin selling a new product, it may be difficult to determine appropriate product selection and accurately forecast demand.
Our ability to respond to rapid changes in channel technologies or requirements
The e-commerce marketplaces that we operate in are characterized by rapid technological changes and frequent changes in rules, specifications and other requirements for our brand partners to be able to sell their merchandise on particular channels. Our ability to retain and attract brand partners depends in large part on our ability to improve our existing capabilities and introduce new marketing and sales operation that can adapt quickly to the emerging channels, such as Douyin and Xiaohongshu, and these changes in channel technologies. To achieve market acceptance for our operations, we must effectively anticipate and offer operations that meet emerging channels and frequently changing channel requirements in a timely manner. If we fail to do so, our ability to renew our contracts with existing brand partners will be impaired.
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Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenues
We generated revenue primarily from selling beauty and personal care products. We recognize the revenues on a gross basis, net of return allowances and consideration payable to customers when the products are delivered and title is passed to customers. Our revenues were $81.7 million and $60.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our revenues were $145.3 million and $117.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Cost of revenues
Our cost of revenues primarily consists of purchase price of products, inbound shipping charges and write-downs of inventories. Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of the products to the customers. Our cost of revenues were $62.0 million and $46.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our cost of revenues were $112.7 million and $90.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Selling and marketing expenses
Selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of (i) promotion and advertising expenses; (ii) payroll and welfare expenses, including salaries, social insurance and housing funds for our personnel in our sales department; (iii) freight expenses; (iv) warehouse expenses; (v) human resource service fee and IT service fees; and (vi) other miscellaneous expenses.
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Promotion and advertising expenses | $ | 5,217,861 | $ | 3,115,022 | ||||
| Payroll and welfare expenses | 1,287,284 | 872,829 | ||||||
| Freight expenses | 997,541 | 988,664 | ||||||
| Warehouse expenses | 769,687 | 298,599 | ||||||
| Human resource service fees and IT service fees | 231,069 | 1,401,961 | ||||||
| Others | 726,256 | 630,044 | ||||||
| $ | 9,229,698 | $ | 7,307,119 | |||||
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Promotion and advertising expenses | $ | 8,703,392 | $ | 5,355,338 | ||||
| Freight expenses | 3,320,485 | 2,733,977 | ||||||
| Payroll and welfare expenses | 2,239,233 | 2,039,771 | ||||||
| Human resource service fees and IT service fees | 2,358,420 | 1,345,107 | ||||||
| Warehouse expenses | 1,275,204 | 635,451 | ||||||
| Others | 386,526 | 497,164 | ||||||
| $ | 18,283,260 | 12,606,810 | ||||||
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General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of (i) professional expenses representing legal consulting fees for our daily operations and audit fees; (ii) office rental expenses; (iii) payroll and welfare expenses, including salaries, social insurance and housing funds for our personnel in our general and administrative department; and (iv) other miscellaneous expenses.
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Professional expenses | $ | 758,225 | $ | 170,079 | ||||
| Office rental expenses | 488,348 | 231,221 | ||||||
| Payroll and welfare expenses | 456,829 | 629,809 | ||||||
| Others | 661,748 | 444,962 | ||||||
| $ | 2,365,150 | $ | 1,476,071 | |||||
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Payroll and welfare expenses | $ | 1,544,091 | $ | 1,243,865 | ||||
| Professional expenses | 1,223,330 | 609,591 | ||||||
| Office rental expenses | 430,963 | 336,383 | ||||||
| Others | 913,015 | 457,071 | ||||||
| $ | 4,111,399 | 2,646,910 | ||||||
Taxation
Cayman Islands
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by us or our subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands to their shareholders, no withholding tax will be imposed.
Hong Kong
Under the Hong Kong tax laws, subsidiary in Hong Kong is subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. The applicable tax rate for the first HKD$2 million of assessable profits is 8.25% and assessable profits above HKD$2 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong, effective from the year of assessment 2018/2019.
China
Effective from January 1, 2008, the PRC’s statutory, EIT rate is 25% in accordance with the implementation rules of EIT Law.
Beijing Jingyuan, Shanghai Jinglu, Shanghai Jingnan, Zhejiang Jingxiu and CSS Shanghai are qualified as small and micro-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) from the year of 2022. In accordance with the implementation rules of EIT Law, SMEs are entitled to a reduced EIT rate of 20%, 87.5% reduction of taxable income for the first RMB1,000,000 taxable income and 75% reduction of taxable income between RMB 1,000,000 and RMB 3,000,000, and no reduction for the remaining taxable income for the period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, and are entitled to a reduced EIT rate of 5% for the first RMB 3 million of assessable profits, and 25% for assessable profits above RMB 3 million for the period from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2027.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. This information should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | Changes | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 81,663,901 | $ | 60,809,982 | $ | 20,853,919 | 34 | % | ||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (61,993,686 | ) | (46,486,931 | ) | (15,506,755 | ) | 33 | % | ||||||||
| 19,670,215 | 14,323,051 | 5,347,164 | 37 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | (9,229,698 | ) | (7,307,119 | ) | (1,922,579 | ) | 26 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | (2,365,150 | ) | (1,476,071 | ) | (889,079 | ) | 60 | % | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | (11,594,848 | ) | (8,783,190 | ) | (2,811,658 | ) | 32 | % | ||||||||
| Income from operations | 8,075,367 | 5,539,861 | 2,535,506 | 46 | % | |||||||||||
| Other income (expenses) | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expenses, net | (698,500 | ) | (263,161 | ) | (435,339 | ) | 165 | % | ||||||||
| Other income | 151,454 | 90,184 | 61,270 | 68 | % | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange loss | (856,930 | ) | (587,172 | ) | (269,758 | ) | 46 | % | ||||||||
| Income before provision for income tax | 6,671,391 | 4,779,712 | 1,891,679 | 40 | % | |||||||||||
| Income tax expenses | (1,022,634 | ) | (873,365 | ) | (149,269 | ) | 17 | % | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | 5,648,757 | $ | 3,906,347 | $ | 1,742,410 | 45 | % | ||||||||
Revenues
We generate revenues from sales of beauty and personal care products of international brands, over multiple sales channels. Our revenues increased by $20.9 million, or 34% from $60.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $81.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by our continuous investments in both acquisition of beauty and personal care brands and development of distribution channels.
Cost of revenues
Our cost of revenue increased by $15.5 million, or 33% from $46.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $62.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase of cost of revenues was in line with the increase of revenues.
Gross margin
As a result of foregoing, our gross margin kept stable at 24% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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Selling and marketing expenses
Our selling and marketing expenses increased by $1.9 million, or 26% from $7.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was mainly due to 1) an increase of $2.1 million in promotion and advertising expenses as we invested our efforts in online advertising activities to promote beauty and personal care brands and products; 2) an increase of $0.5 million in warehouse operations services to meet increased sales orders; 3) an increase of $0.4 million in payroll and welfare expenses because we hired more outsourced labours with increase of sales volume, partially offset against a decrease of $1.2 million in IT service fee as we had sufficient capability to deal with current business.
General and administrative expenses
Our general and administrative expenses increased by $0.9 million, or 60% from $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was mainly due to 1) an increase of $0.6 million in professional expenses as we engaged in more professionals for advisory services for our business, and 2) an increase of $0.3 million in office rental expenses because we moved to new office in February 2023, the rental fee of which cost higher than pervious office.
Income Tax Expenses
Our income tax expenses increased from $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded current income tax expenses of $1.3 million, as compared with $0.9 million for the same period of 2022. The increase in current income tax expenses was primarily attributable to increased taxable income in our profit-generating subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded deferred tax benefits of $0.3 million and deferred income tax expenses of $7,882. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we generated deferred income tax benefits. This is because we incurred net operating losses in certain of our subsidiaries which previously generated profits. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred deferred income tax expenses as we utilized net operating losses carry-forwards in certain subsidiaries.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing, our net income increased by $1.7 million, or 45%, from $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $5.6 million for the same period ended June 30, 2023.
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | Changes | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 145,256,256 | $ | 117,322,028 | $ | 27,934,228 | 24 | % | ||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (112,718,709 | ) | (90,925,259 | ) | (21,793,450 | ) | 24 | % | ||||||||
| 32,537,547 | 26,396,769 | 6,140,778 | 23 | % | ||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 22 | % | 22 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | (18,283,260 | ) | (12,606,810 | ) | (5,676,450 | ) | 45 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | (4,111,399 | ) | (2,646,910 | ) | (1,464,489 | ) | 55 | % | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | (22,394,659 | ) | (15,253,720 | ) | (7,140,939 | ) | 47 | % | ||||||||
| Income from operations | 10,142,888 | 11,143,049 | (1,000,161 | ) | (9 | )% | ||||||||||
| Other income (expenses) | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expenses, net | (612,554 | ) | (787,528 | ) | 174,974 | (22 | )% | |||||||||
| Other income | 351,347 | 15,057 | 336,290 | 2,233 | % | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange loss | (508,845 | ) | (314,183 | ) | (194,662 | ) | 62 | % | ||||||||
| Income before provision for income tax | 9,372,836 | 10,056,395 | (683,559 | ) | (7 | )% | ||||||||||
| Income tax expenses | (1,469,225 | ) | (1,360,611 | ) | (108,614 | ) | 8 | % | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | 7,903,611 | $ | 8,695,784 | $ | (792,173 | ) | (9 | )% | |||||||
79
Revenues
We generate revenues from sales of beauty and personal care products of international brands, over multiple sales channels. Our revenues increased by $27.9 million, or 24% to $145.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $117.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by our continuous investments in the expansion of our brand partners in beauty and personal care industry and development of distribution channels.
Cost of revenues
Our cost of revenue increased by $21.8 million, or 24% from $90.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $112.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of cost of revenues was in line with the increase of revenues.
Gross margin
As a result of foregoing, our gross margin kept stable at 22% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Selling and marketing expenses
Our selling and marketing expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 45% from $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was mainly due to 1) an increase of $3.3 million in promotion and advertising expenses as we invested our efforts in online advertising activities to promote beauty and personal care brands and products; 2) an increase of $0.6 million in freight expenses, which was due to the increase of sales orders; 3) an increase of $1.0 million in IT service fee to support online advertising activities; and 4) an increase of $0.6 million in warehouse operations services to meet increased sales orders.
General and administrative expenses
Our general and administrative expenses increased by $1.5 million, or 55% from $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was mainly due to 1) an increase of $0.3 million in payroll and welfare expenses because we increased our headcount to support our increased operations; and 2) an increase of $0.6 million in professional expenses as we engaged in more professionals for advisory services for our business.
Income Tax Expenses
Our income tax expenses increased from $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had stable current income tax expenses for both periods. This is mainly attributable to stable taxable income in our profit-generating subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded deferred tax benefits of $0.6 million and $0.7 million. The lower deferred tax benefits was primarily because in the year of 2022, we provided valuation allowance on net operating losses carryforwards for certain subsidiaries as we assessed that it is likely that the deferred tax assets arising from net operating losses carryforwards would not be realized.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing, our net income decreased by $0.8 million, or 9%, from $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $7.9 million for the same period ended December 31, 2022.
80
Discussion of Certain Balance Sheet Items
The following table sets forth selected information from our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. This information should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein.
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,149,339 | $ | 5,773,380 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 16,912,658 | 21,138,144 | ||||||
| Deferred offering cost | 1,524,580 | 374,633 | ||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 10,897,546 | 3,113,139 | ||||||
| Amount due from related parties | 1,858,756 | 3,053,451 | ||||||
| Inventories | 16,174,169 | 18,678,648 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 53,517,048 | 52,131,395 | ||||||
| Non-current Assets | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 1,084,651 | 686,380 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 727,630 | 374,005 | ||||||
| Right of use assets | 1,981,657 | 175,004 | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 1,480,957 | 1,254,547 | ||||||
| Total Non-current Assets | 5,274,895 | 2,489,936 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 58,791,943 | $ | 54,621,331 | ||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Short-term loans | $ | 9,873,115 | $ | 15,685,674 | ||||
| Accounts payable | 1,121,906 | 841,647 | ||||||
| Advance from customers | 270,881 | 219,431 | ||||||
| Income tax payable | 3,482,883 | 2,315,764 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, current | 868,112 | 299,461 | ||||||
| Other payable and accrued expenses | 1,910,571 | 1,978,440 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties | - | 9,380,129 | ||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 17,527,468 | 30,720,546 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, non-current | 1,391,554 | 19,394 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties, noncurrent | 28,629,568 | 18,350,020 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | 47,548,590 | $ | 49,089,960 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of funds deposited with banks and financial institutions and cash on hand, which are highly liquid and are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use.
The total balance of cash and cash equivalents were $6.1 million and $5.8 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The change of balance of cash and cash equivalents was primarily a result of cash of $7.3 million provided by our operating activities, partially net off against cash of $1.8 million used in our investing activities, and cash of $5.2 million used in our financing activities.
Accounts receivable
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the accounts receivable were $16.9 million and $21.1 million, respectively. The decrease in accounts receivable was mainly caused we collected certain aged accounts receivables for the six months ended June 30, 2023. These accounts receivables were delayed in payments from our customers as affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the PRC at the end of year 2022.
81
Prepayments and other current assets
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of prepayments and other current assets primarily consisted of the following items:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Prepayments to suppliers (a) | $ | 5,206,791 | $ | 1,295,355 | ||||
| Loans to third parties (b) | 1,204,152 | - | ||||||
| Prepaid marketing and advertising expenses | 2,434,115 | 1,525,715 | ||||||
| Due from a customer (c) | 1,012,745 | - | ||||||
| Payments on behalf of the sponsor of Manaslu Acquisition Corp. (“HMAC”) (d) | 662,250 | - | ||||||
| Tax recoverable | 90,814 | 290,590 | ||||||
| Others | 286,679 | 1,479 | ||||||
| $ | 10,897,546 | $ | 3,113,139 | |||||
| (a) | The balances of prepayments to suppliers represented advances to brand companies for purchase of cosmetics and other beauty products. |
| Compared with the balance as of December 31, 2022, the balance of prepayments to suppliers as of June 30, 2023 increased by $3.9 million. The increase was mainly because we made less prepayments to suppliers as of December 31, 2022, as we had sufficient stocks as of December 31, 2022 and reduced purchase plan. |
| (b) | For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we made loans of aggregating $1,236,742 to two third parties. The loans were interest and repayable on demand. As of the date hereof, the Company collected the outstanding loans of $736,111 from one third party and expects to collect the remaining balance before December 31, 2023. |
| (c) | To strengthen the supplier relationship, the Company assists the suppliers with online marketing campaigns to promote their products. The Company prepaid the advertising service fees to media, and charged the media cost from the suppliers. As of June 30, 2023, the balance represented the outstanding advertising service fees due from a supplier. |
| (d) | As of June 30, 2023, the balance of payments on behalf of the sponsor of HMAC represented the professional and consulting expenses paid on behalf of the sponsor of HMAC, with which the Company closed a business combination in August 2023. These expenses were reimbursed by the sponsor upon the closing of business combination. |
Inventories
The balance of inventories was $16.2 million and 18.7 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The decrease in inventories was primarily because we delayed delivery of stocks to our customers and distributors as our employees took sick leaves as affected spread of COVID-19 in December 2022, leading to higher stocks as of December 31, 2022.
Short-term loans
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of short-term borrowings primarily consisted of the following items:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Short-term loans from financial institutions(a) | $ | 2,531,127 | $ | 9,231,133 | ||||
| Short-term loans from banks(b) | 7,341,988 | 6,454,541 | ||||||
| $ | 9,873,115 | $ | 15,685,674 | |||||
| (a) | As of June 30, 2023, the balance of short-term loans from financial institutions decreased by $6.7 million as compared with the balance as of December 31, 2022. |
82
| During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we entered into one loan agreement with one bank. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we borrowed $30.4 million and $21.7 million with maturity dates due through May 2024. The borrowing bore interest rates of 3.5% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we repaid borrowings of $29.8 million and $14.8 million, respectively. | |
| During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we entered into one additional loan agreement with another bank, pursuant to which we borrowed $0.3 million with maturity dates due through March 2024. The borrowing bore interest rates of 4.0% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we did not repay bank borrowings. | |
| (b) | As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of short-term loans from banks was stable at $7.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively. |
| During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we entered into certain loan agreements with two financial institutions. Pursuant to which we borrowed $9.7 million and $12.0 million from these financial institutions with maturity dates due through May 2024. The borrowings bore interest rates ranging between 7.5% and 12.3% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we repaid borrowings of $16.3 million and $10.7 million, respectively. |
Amount due to related parties, current and noncurrent
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of amount due to related parties primarily consisted of the following items:
| June 30, 2023 |
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||
| Amount due to related parties, current | ||||||||
| Dividends payable(a) | $ | — | $ | 9,304,898 | ||||
| Accounts payable | — | 75,231 | ||||||
| $ | — | $ | 9,380,129 | |||||
| Amount due to related parties, noncurrent | ||||||||
| Dividends payable(a) | $ | 15,707,220 | $ | 6,530,067 | ||||
| Other payables(b) | 10,977,559 | 11,819,953 | ||||||
| Accounts payable | 1,944,789 | — | ||||||
| $ | 28,629,568 | $ | 18,350,020 | |||||
| (a) | As of December 31, 2022, the dividends payable represented the declared but unpaid dividends to the shareholders. The dividends payable was expected to be paid during the year ending December 31, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the shareholders agreed to extend the payments of dividends to January 2025 and the Company classified the balance to “due to related parties, non-current”. |
| For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Healthy Great and Smartest Star designated $4,750,174 and $2,009,749, respectively, out of dividends payable due to these two shareholders as amount due to Skinist Global, which was controlled by Mr. Wang Jun. The dividends payable is expected to be paid in January 2025. |
| (b) | As of June 30, 2023, the other payables represented borrowings were interest free and repayable before January 2025. |
83
The following table sets forth selected information from our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,773,380 | $ | 6,719,980 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 21,138,144 | 10,413,421 | ||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 3,487,772 | 7,640,844 | ||||||
| Amount due from related parties | 3,053,451 | 408,960 | ||||||
| Inventories | 18,678,648 | 9,984,597 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 52,131,395 | 35,167,802 | ||||||
| Non-current Assets | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 686,380 | 407,960 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 374,005 | 276,153 | ||||||
| Right of use assets | 175,004 | — | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 1,254,547 | 714,211 | ||||||
| Total Non-current Assets | 2,489,936 | 1,398,324 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 54,621,331 | $ | 36,566,126 | ||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Short-term loans | $ | 15,685,674 | $ | 3,556,088 | ||||
| Accounts payable | 841,647 | 3,215,758 | ||||||
| Advance from customers | 219,431 | 2,022,313 | ||||||
| Income tax payable | 2,315,764 | 1,446,087 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, current | 299,461 | — | ||||||
| Other payable and accrued expenses | 1,978,440 | 701,096 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties | 9,380,129 | 16,591,738 | ||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 30,720,546 | 27,533,080 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, non-current | 19,394 | — | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties, noncurrent | 18,350,020 | — | ||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | 49,089,960 | $ | 27,533,080 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of funds deposited with banks and financial institutions and cash on hand, which are highly liquid and are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use.
The total balance of cash and cash equivalents were $5.8 million and $6.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The change of balance of cash and cash equivalents was a result of cash of $12.85 million used in our operating activities, and cash of $1.1 million used in our investing activities, partially net off against cash of $12.9 million provided by our financing activities.
84
Accounts receivable
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the accounts receivable were $21.1 million and $10.4 million, respectively. The increase in accounts receivable was mainly caused by combined effects of i) increase of accounts receivable due from two renowned online marketplaces as a result of increase of sales orders from them, and ii) delay of payments from our customers as affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the PRC at the end of year 2022.
Prepayments and other current assets
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of prepayments and other current assets primarily consisted of the following items:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Prepayments to suppliers(a) | $ | 1,295,356 | $ | 5,661,596 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses(b) | 1,525,715 | 1,760,770 | ||||||
| Deferred offering costs | 374,633 | 148,453 | ||||||
| Tax recoverable | 290,590 | 61,670 | ||||||
| Others | 1,479 | 8,355 | ||||||
| $ | 3,487,772 | $ | 7,640,844 | |||||
| (a) | The balances of prepayments to suppliers represented advances to brand companies for purchase of cosmetics and other beauty products. |
| Compared with the balance as of December 31, 2021, the balance of prepayments to suppliers as of December 31, 2022 decreased by $4.4 million. The decrease was mainly because the Company had sufficient stocks as of December 31, 2022 and reduced purchase plan. |
| (b) | The balances of prepaid expenses primarily consisted of advances for purchase of online advertising services. Our prepaid marketing and advertising expenses decreased by $0.2 million as of December 31, 2022 as compared with that as of December 31, 2021, as we utilized more advertising services at the year end of 2022. |
Amount due from related parties
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of amount due from related parties primarily consisted of the following items:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Merit Zone | $ | 1,651,649 | $ | 259,616 | ||||
| Skinist Global | 24,102 | — | ||||||
| 1,675,751 | 259,616 | |||||||
| Other receivable(1) | ||||||||
| Jingrong | 1,920 | 6,545 | ||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | 354,435 | — | ||||||
| Jingqi | 1,021,345 | 142,799 | ||||||
| 1,377,700 | 149,344 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 3,053,451 | $ | 408,960 | ||||
| (1) | As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the other receivables due from related parties represented the administrative expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the related parties. The balances were interest free and were receivable on demand. |
85
Inventories
The balance of inventories was $18.7 million and $10.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in inventories was primarily because we cooperated with new brands, leading to increased stocks of merchant products of these brands, and we delayed delivery of stocks to our customers and distributors as our employees took sick leaves as affected by the spread of COVID-19 in December 2022.
Short-term loans
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of short-term borrowings primarily consisted of the following items:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Short-term loans from financial institutions(a) | $ | 9,231,133 | $ | 3,085,323 | ||||
| Short-term loans from banks(b) | 6,454,541 | 470,765 | ||||||
| $ | 15,685,674 | $ | 3,556,088 | |||||
| (a) | As of December 31, 2022, the balance of short-term loans from financial institutions increased by $6.1 million as compared with the balance as of December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company borrowed loans of $28.4 million and $34.1 million, respectively. In the same periods, the Company repaid loans of $22.1 million and $34.3 million, respectively. |
| (b) | As of December 31, 2022, the balance of short-term loans from banks increased by $6.0 million as compared with the balance as of December 31, 2021. The increase was caused by the Company’s entry into a loan agreement with one bank. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company borrowed loans of $57.1 million and repaid loans of $51.1 million. |
Amount due to related parties, current and noncurrent
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of amount due to related parties primarily consisted of the following items:
| June 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Amount due to related parties, current | ||||||||
| Dividends payable(a) | $ | 9,304,898 | $ | 7,562,531 | ||||
| Other payables(b) | — | 9,009,074 | ||||||
| Accounts payable | 75,231 | 20,133 | ||||||
| $ | 9,380,129 | $ | 16,591,738 | |||||
| Amount due to related parties, noncurrent | ||||||||
| Dividends payable(a) | $ | 6,530,067 | $ | — | ||||
| Other payables(b) | 11,819,953 | — | ||||||
| $ | 18,350,020 | $ | — | |||||
| (a) | As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of dividends payable represented declared but unpaid dividends due to shareholders. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company declared dividends of $15,189,681 and 7,059,271, respectively, to these related parties. Among the declared dividends of $15,189,681 in the year of 2022, dividends of $6,530,067 will not be due until the year of 2024. The Company reclassified the dividends payable of $6,530,067 as of December 31, 2022 as due to related parties, noncurrent. |
| For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid dividends of $190,203 and $2,631,003, respectively. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2022, Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu and Mr. Wang Jun designated $5,870,998 and $884,954, respectively, out of dividends payable due to these two shareholders as amount due to Skinist Global, which was controlled by Mr. Wang Jun. |
| (b) | As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances of other payables due to the related parties represented the borrowings from these related parties. Originally, the borrowings were interest free and repayable within 12 months from its borrowing. |
| In November 2022, Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu, Mr. Wang Jun and Mr. Tang Jing committed that they will not demand the Company to repay the borrowings before December 31, 2023. Accordingly the Company reclassified the outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2022 as due to related parties, noncurrent. |
86
Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operating and investing activities primarily through cash generated from operating activities, borrowings from financial institutions, third parties and related parties. As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents were $6.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents were $5.8 million. Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash and time deposits with terms of three months or less. Our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023 has materially underperformed compared to our revenue projections for fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. As a result, management of the Company expects that we will not be able to meet our revenue projections for the year 2023.
Moreover, given the current disparity between the exercise price of the Pubco Warrants and the current trading price of the Class B Ordinary Shares, we are unlikely to receive significant proceeds from exercises of the Pubco Warrants in the near future. If we need to obtain external financing, we cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Our future liquidity needs and other business reasons could require us to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of additional indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations.
Our results of operations are slightly affected due to the supply chain disruptions. As of the date hereof, our inventory turnover days were 51 days and 57 days in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the turnover days for accounts receivable for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were 42 days and 49 days, respectively. Our inventory turnover days were 46 days and 32 days in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In addition, the turnover days for accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were 40 days and 33 days, respectively. Longer turnover days for accounts receivable slightly affected our short-term liquidity. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the warehousing logistics costs increased by $0.6 million, or 101% as compared with that for the year of 2021.
We generally granted our customers credit term ranging between 30 days and 90 days. The shorter turnover days for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was because we collected outstanding accounts receivables from our customers which delayed their payments as affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the PRC at the end of year 2022. The longer turnover days for the year ended December 31, 2022 was caused by increased accounts receivable due from two renowned online marketplaces, which had strong power bargain power over us.
We do not believe we have a material collection risk under our business model that will have a negative impact on collectability, and no significant written-off occurred historically. Therefore, we do not have substantial doubt on the collectability of the remaining accounts balances, and we do not provide allowance against accounts receivable as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, 22% and 30% of our revenues have been in the form of Renminbi. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 27% and 20% of our revenues have been in the form of Renminbi. We expect a material portion of revenues are likely to continue to be in the form of Renminbi. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior SAFE approval as long as certain routine procedural requirements are fulfilled. Therefore, our PRC Operating Entities are allowed to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior SAFE approval by following certain routine procedural requirements. However, current PRC regulations permit our PRC Operating Entities to pay dividends to us only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC Operating Entities are required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits after making up previous years’ accumulated losses each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Historically, our PRC Operating Entities have not paid dividends to us, and they will not be able to pay dividends until they generate accumulated profits. Furthermore, capital account transactions, which include foreign direct investment in and loans to our PRC Operating Entities, must be approved by and/or registered with SAFE, its local branches and certain local banks.
As a Cayman Islands exempted company and offshore holding company, the Cayman holding company is permitted under PRC Laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC Operating Entities only through loans or capital contributions, subject to the approval, filings or registration of government authorities and limits on the amount of capital contributions and loans. This may delay us from using the proceeds from any future offering to make loans or capital contributions to our PRC Operating Entities.
87
Cash flows
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 presented:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used) in operating activities | $ | 7,277,110 | $ | (12,453,162 | ) | |||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (1,775,014 | ) | (37,445 | ) | ||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (5,187,484 | ) | 10,385,545 | |||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 61,347 | 136,050 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 375,959 | (1,969,012 | ) | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 5,773,380 | 6,719,980 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 6,149,339 | $ | 4,750,968 | ||||
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 presented:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (12,849,693 | ) | $ | (1,897,990 | ) | ||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (1,107,279 | ) | 53,119 | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 12,944,067 | 4,504,857 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 66,305 | (248,242 | ) | |||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (946,600 | ) | 2,441,744 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 6,719,980 | 4,308,236 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 5,773,380 | $ | 6,719,980 | ||||
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $7.3 million, primarily attributable to net income of $5.6 million, adjusted for (i) a decrease of $3.9 million in accounts receivable as we collected certain aged accounts receivables from customers which delayed in payments as affected by the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of year 2022, (ii) an increase of $6.9 million in other current assets because we increased our prepayments to suppliers as we increased our purchase plan during the six months ended June 30, 2023; (iii) a decrease of $2.3 million in inventories we delivered stocks to our customers and distributors more promptly as we did not suffer lock-down policy under COVID-19 in the first half of 2023; and (iii) an increase of $1.2 million in income tax payable because we generated increased taxable income in our profit-making subsidiaries.
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $12.5 million, primarily attributable to net income of $3.9 million, adjusted for (i) an increase of $4.4 million in accounts receivable as we granted longer credit term to two renowned online market places in the year ended June 30, 2022, (ii) an increase of $9.8 million in inventories as a result of combined effects of (a) we cooperated with new brands and increased stocks of products these brands and (b) we delayed delivery of stocks to customers and distributors as affected by lock-down policy under COVID-19; and (iii) a decrease of $1.2 million in accounts payable because we accelerated payments to our vendors.
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Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $12.8 million, primarily attributable to net income of $7.9 million, adjusted for (i) an increase of $11.0 million in accounts receivable as we granted longer credit term to two renowned online market places in the year ended December 31, 2022, and (ii) an increase of $8.9 million in inventories as a result of combined effects of (a) we cooperated with new brands and increased stocks of products these brands and (b) we delayed delivery of stocks to customers and distributors as affected by spread of COVID-19 in December 2022.
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $1.9 million, primarily attributable to net income of $8.7 million, adjusted for (i) an increase of $6.4 million in prepayments and other current assets driven by the increase of in prepayments to suppliers for cosmetics and beauty products, and (ii) an increase of $4.0 million in inventories with increase of purchases of products. Both increases in prepayments and inventories were in line with increase of our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Investing activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we reported cash used in investing activities of $1.8 million, which was primarily used in loans of $1.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively, to third parties and related parties, partially offset against proceeds of $1.7 million from repayment of loans from related parties.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we reported minimal cash used in investing activities, which was primarily used in purchases of $0.1 million of property and equipment, and loans of $0.1 million to related parties, partially offset against proceeds of $0.2 million from repayment of loans from one related party.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we reported cash used in investing activities of $2.6 million, which was primarily used in purchase of property and equipment of $0.2 million, advances of $1.0 million to a related party, partially net off against collection of advances of $1.7 million from a related party.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, we reported cash provided by investing activities of $0.1 million, which was primarily provided by collection of advances of $0.4 million from a related party, partially net off against purchases of $0.2 million of property and equipment and advances of $0.1 million to one related party.
Financing activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we reported cash used in financing activities of $5.2 million, which was primarily used in repayment of short-term borrowings of $46.1 million, repayment of related party borrowings of $4.2 million, payment of offering costs of $1.1 million and payments of dividends of $57,402, partially net off against proceeds of $40.5 million from short-term borrowings, and proceeds of $5.8 million from borrowings from related parties.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we reported cash provided by financing activities of $10.4 million, which was primarily provided by proceeds of $36.5 million from short-term borrowings, proceeds of $8.7 million from borrowings from related parties, and proceeds of $3.0 million from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares to certain investors, partially net off against repayment of short-term borrowings of $26.0 million, repayment of related party borrowings of $11.5 million and payments of dividends of $0.2 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we reported cash provided by financing activities of $12.9 million, which was primarily provided by proceeds of $85.5 million from short-term borrowings, proceeds of $18.3 million from borrowings from related parties, proceeds of $3.0 million from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares to certain investors, and proceeds of $1.5 million from capital contribution from a shareholder, partially net off against repayment of short-term borrowings of $73.2 million, repayment of related party borrowings of $15.0 million and payments of dividends of $6.9 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, we reported cash provided by financing activities of $4.5 million, which was primarily provided by proceeds of $34.5 million from short-term borrowings, proceeds of $35.3 million from borrowings from related parties, partially net off against repayment of short-term borrowings of $34.3 million, repayment of related party borrowings of $28.3 million and payments of dividends of $2.6 million.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk of loss resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the RMB and other currencies in which we conduct business may affect our financial position and results of operations.
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Our functional currency is U.S. dollar, and we had three subsidiaries which are operating in Hong Kong with functional currency of Hong Kong dollar. We are mainly exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from our cash and cash equivalents dominated in RMB.
In addition, we have four subsidiaries which are operating in mainland China with all of the transactions settled in RMB. We consider that our business in mainland China is not exposed to any significant foreign exchange risk as there are no significant financial assets or liabilities of these subsidiaries denominated in the currencies other than the functional currency.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by excess cash, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits and financial products purchased from financial institutions. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates, and we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure.
Trend Information
Our results of operations are slightly affected due to the supply chain disruptions. As of the date hereof, our inventory turnover days were 51 days and 57 days in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the turnover days for accounts receivable for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were 42 days and 49 days, respectively. Our inventory turnover days were 46 days and 32 days in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In addition, the turnover days for accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were 40 days and 33 days, respectively. Longer turnover days for accounts receivable slightly affected our short-term liquidity. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the warehousing logistics costs increased by $0.6 million, or 101% as compared with that for the year of 2021.
Other than as disclosed above and elsewhere in this prospectus, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our revenues, net income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.
Research and Development
We have not engaged in any research and development activities since inception.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires our management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions. We continually evaluate these judgments, estimates and assumptions based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.
The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing our financial statements. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. You should read the following description of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included herein.
A list of critical accounting policies, judgements and estimates that are relevant to us is included in note 2 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
A list of recently issued accounting pronouncements that are relevant to us is included in note 2 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS
Relationship with related parties
| Name | Relationship with the Company | |
| Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu | Chief Executive Officer and, Director and 66.16% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Wang Jun | 14.77% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Tang Jing | Chief Financial Officer and 5.71% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Tang Yuhua | An immediate family member of Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Healthy Great Investing Company Limited (“Healthy Great”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu | |
| Smartest Star Investing Company Limited (“Smartest Star”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Scenery Investing Company Limited (“Scenery”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Scenery | |
| Skinist Global Company Limited (“Skinist Global”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Skinist Global Cosmetics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Skinist Shanghai”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Jingxin Trading Co. Ltd. (“Jingxin”) | Company controlled by Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu | |
| Shanghai Jingqi Developing Co., Ltd. (“Jingqi”) | Company controlled by Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu | |
| Shanghai Jingrong Information Co., Ltd. (“Jingrong”) | Company controlled by Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Shanghai Youshan Corporate Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Youshan”) | Company controlled by Ms. Mu Xuemei, the director of the Company | |
| Merit Zone Development Limited (“Merit Zone”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun before January 1, 2023. Mr. Wang Jun transferred the equity interest in Merit Zone in January 2023. | |
| Shanghai Jiantong Trade Center (“Jian Tong”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Shilin Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Shi Lin”) | Company controlled by Ms. Pan Yue, a supervisor of Weitong, a subsidiary of the Company | |
| Shanghai Tengxin Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Teng Xin”) | Company controlled by Ms. Pan Yue, a supervisor of Weitong, a subsidiary of the Company | |
| Shanghai Zhiwang Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (“Zhiwang”) | Company controlled by Ms. Mu Xuemei, a director of the Company | |
| Shanghai Yuancheng Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Yuancheng”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun |
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Transactions with related parties
| For the Years Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Sales of products to related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Merit Zone | $ | 2,093,584 | $ | 433,403 | $ | — | $ | 10,608 | ||||||||
| Skinist Global | 24,101 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Jing Xin | — | 8,030 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| $ | 2,117,685 | $ | 441,433 | $ | — | $ | 10,608 | |||||||||
| Purchase of products from related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | $ | 38,630 | $ | 16,753 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Rental expenses charged by related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Jingqi(1) | $ | 144,677 | $ | 96,866 | $ | 13,218 | $ | 73,307 | ||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | — | — | — | 36,479 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 144,677 | $ | 96,866 | $ | 13,218 | $ | 109,786 | |||||||||
| Service fees charged by related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Jingqi | $ | 93,380 | $ | — | $ | 2,139 | $ | 11,799 | ||||||||
| Jingrong | 84,119 | 107,948 | 43,301 | — | ||||||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | — | — | — | 5,900 | ||||||||||||
| Youshan(2) | 1,136 | 1,932,300 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| $ | 178,635 | $ | 2,040,248 | $ | 45,440 | $ | 17,699 | |||||||||
| Payment of dividends | ||||||||||||||||
| Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu | $ | 4,880,119 | $ | 19,298 | $ | 19,134 | $ | 132,814 | ||||||||
| Mr. Wang Jun | 2,406,889 | 2,592,407 | 19,134 | 38,334 | ||||||||||||
| Mr. Tang Jing | 19,156 | 19,298 | 19,134 | 19,167 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 6,946,164 | $ | 2,631,003 | $ | 57,402 | $ | 190,315 | |||||||||
(Advances to) Collection of advances from related parties
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Advances | Collection of advances | Advances | Collection of advances | |||||||||||||
| Skinist Global | $ | (1,673,674 | ) | $ | 1,465,822 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
| Jingqi | (163,100 | ) | — | (90,294 | — | |||||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | (48,962 | ) | 271,148 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Zhiwang | — | — | — | 140,452 | ||||||||||||
| Jingrong | — | — | — | 30,868 | ||||||||||||
| $ | (1,885,736 | ) | $ | 1,736,970 | $ | (90,294 | ) | $ | 171,320 | |||||||
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| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Advances | Collection of advances | Advances | Collection of advances | |||||||||||||
| Jingqi | $ | (2,610,257 | ) | $ | 1,563,382 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
| Jingrong | — | — | — | 114,425 | ||||||||||||
| Youshan | — | — | — | 254,662 | ||||||||||||
| Zhiwang | — | 135,236 | (141,068 | ) | — | |||||||||||
| $ | (2,610,257 | ) | $ | 1,698,618 | $ | (141,068 | ) | $ | 369,087 | |||||||
Borrowings from (Repayment of Borrowings to) related parties
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | Repayments | Borrowings | Repayments | |||||||||||||
| Skinist Global(3) | $ | 1,944,020 | $ | — | $ | 3,418,094 | $ | (8,941,184 | ) | |||||||
| Yuancheng(3) | 1,443,356 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Teng Xin(3) | 216,503 | (216,503 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Shi Lin(3) | 379,602 | (2,025,461 | ) | 4,645,707 | (2,350,635 | ) | ||||||||||
| Merit Zone(3) | 49,681 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian(3) | — | (1,443,356 | ) | — | (237,379 | ) | ||||||||||
| Mr. Tang Yuhua(3) | 1,563,154 | (526,825 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Wang Jixiang(3) | 288,672 | — | 617,370 | — | ||||||||||||
| $ | 5,835,307 | $ | (4,212,145 | ) | $ | 8,681,171 | $ | (11,529,198 | ) | |||||||
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | Repayments | Borrowings | Repayments | |||||||||||||
| Shi Lin(3) | $ | 6,739,486 | $ | (4,251,152 | ) | $ | 4,495,566 | $ | (1,798,226 | ) | ||||||
| Skinist Global(3) | 3,416,086 | (3,551,699 | ) | 23,816,693 | (23,680,180 | ) | ||||||||||
| Teng Xin(3) | 3,091,098 | (3,091,098 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Tang Yuhua(3) | 2,570,962 | (148,610 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu(3) | 1,486,104 | (1,604,994 | ) | 2,325,293 | (620,078 | ) | ||||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai(3) | 965,968 | (1,209,595 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Wang Jun(3) | — | (1,115,245 | ) | 372,047 | (93,012 | ) | ||||||||||
| Jian Tong(3) | — | — | 2,976,375 | — | ||||||||||||
| Jingqi(3) | — | — | 1,170,397 | (1,921,377 | ) | |||||||||||
| Zuandu(3) | — | — | 157,220 | (157,220 | ) | |||||||||||
| $ | 18,269,704 | $ | (14,972,393 | ) | $ | 35,313,591 | $ | (28,270,093 | ) | |||||||
| (1) | In February 2020, the Company entered into an office sub-lease agreement with Jingqi, pursuant to which the Company leased an office from Jingqi for a period of 3 years through February 2023. Jingqi charges the Company a monthly rental fee of approximately $12,056 and a monthly property management fee of approximately $2,007.In March 2021, the Company extended the office sub-lease agreement to February 2023. Jingqi charges the Company a monthly rental fee of approximately $12,887 and a monthly property management fee of approximately $2,085. |
| (2) | During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Youshan provided live video streaming services for the Company to advertise the Company’s cosmetics products. |
| (3) | During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company borrowed $5,835,307 and $8,681,171 from six and three related parties, respectively. The borrowings were interest free, and outstanding loans are repayable within twelve months from borrowings. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company borrowed $18,269,704 and $35,313,591 from six and seven related parties, respectively. The borrowings were interest free, and outstanding loans are repayable within twelve months from borrowings. |
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The following description of the material terms of the share capital of Pubco includes a summary of specified provisions of the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Pubco. This description is qualified by reference to Pubco’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association as will be in effect upon consummation of the Transactions, copies of which are attached herein as an exhibit. References in this section to “we”, “our” or “us” refer to Pubco.
The rights of shareholders described in this section are available only to Pubco’s shareholders. For the purposes of this section, a “shareholder” means a person who holds shares of Pubco.
Pubco, or Able View Global Inc., is a Cayman Islands exempted company and its affairs are governed by the memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the “Companies Act” below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.
The following includes a summary of the terms of Pubco Ordinary Shares, based on its Memorandum and Articles of Association and Cayman Islands law. According to Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, the authorized share capital of Pubco is $60,000 divided into 600,000,000 ordinary shares of par value of $0.0001 each, comprising (a) 100,000,000 Pubco Class A Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.0001 each and (b) 500,000,000 Pubco Class B Ordinary Shares of par value of $0.0001 each.
General. Pubco’s authorized share capital is US$60,000 divided into 600,000,000 ordinary shares of par value of $0.0001 each, comprising (a) 100,000,000 Pubco Class A Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.0001 each and (b) 500,000,000 Pubco Class B Ordinary Shares of par value of $0.0001 each. Pubco’s ordinary shares are divided into Pubco Class A ordinary shares and Pubco Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Pubco Class A ordinary shares and Pubco Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. All of Pubco’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Pubco may not issue share to bearer. Pubco’s shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and transfer their ordinary shares.
Dividends. The holders of Pubco’s ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by its Board of Directors subject to its Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act. In addition, Pubco’s shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by its directors. Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of Pubco’s profits, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from profits which its Board of Directors determines is no longer needed. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorized for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Act. No dividend may be declared and paid unless Pubco’s directors determine that, immediately after the payment, Pubco will be able to pay its debts as they become due in the ordinary course of business and Pubco has funds lawfully available for such purpose. Holders of Pubco Class A ordinary shares and Pubco Class B ordinary shares will be entitled to the same amount of dividends, if declared.
Voting Rights. In respect of all matters subject to a shareholders’ vote, each Pubco Class A ordinary share is entitled to 10 votes, and each Pubco Class B ordinary share is entitled to one vote, voting together as one class. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by poll and not on a show of hands.
A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of two or more shareholders holding not less than one-half of the votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote at general meetings present in person or by proxy or, if a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, Pubco is not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that Pubco may (but are not obliged to) in each year hold a general meeting as its annual general meeting in which case Pubco will specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting will be held at such time and place as may be determined by its directors. We, however, will hold an annual shareholders’ meeting during each fiscal year, as required by the Nasdaq Listing Rules. Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be an extraordinary general meeting. Shareholders’ annual general meetings and any other general meetings of Pubco’s shareholders may be called by a majority of its Board of Directors or its chairman or, in the case of an extraordinary general meeting only, upon a requisition of shareholders holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than one-third of the votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote at general meetings, in which case the directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, Pubco Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide its shareholders with any right to put any proposals before any annual general meetings or any extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. Advance notice of at least fifteen (15) days is required for the convening of Pubco’s annual general meeting and other general meetings unless such notice is waived in accordance with its articles of association.
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An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting, while a special resolution also requires the affirmative vote of no less than a majority of two-thirds of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Conversion. Each Pubco Class A ordinary share is convertible into one Pubco Class B ordinary share at any time at the option of the holder thereof. Pubco Class B ordinary shares are not convertible into Pubco Class A ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of Pubco Class A ordinary shares by a holder to any person or entity which is not an affiliate of such holder, such Pubco Class A ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the equivalent number of Pubco Class B ordinary shares.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions in Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association as set out below, any of Pubco’s shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by Pubco’s Board of Directors.
Pubco’s Board of Directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which Pubco has a lien. Pubco’s Board of Directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:
| ● | the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as Pubco’s Board of Directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; |
| ● | in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and |
| ● | a fee of such maximum sum as the Nasdaq may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as Pubco’s directors may from time to time require is paid to Pubco in respect thereof. |
If Pubco’s directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the Nasdaq, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as Pubco’s Board of Directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year as Pubco’s board may determine.
Liquidation. On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of ordinary shares), if the assets available for distribution amongst Pubco’s shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst Pubco’s shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to Pubco for unpaid calls or otherwise. If Pubco’s assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by Pubco’s shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them. Any distribution of assets or capital to a holder of ordinary share will be the same in any liquidation event. Any distribution of assets or capital to a holder of a Pubco Class A ordinary share and a holder of a Pubco Class B ordinary share will be the same in any liquidation event.
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Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares. Pubco may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at Pubco’s option or at the option of the holders thereof, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined, before the issue of such shares, by Pubco’s Board of Directors or by a special resolution of Pubco’s shareholders. Pubco may also repurchase any of its shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by its Board of Directors or are otherwise authorized by its Memorandum and Articles of Association. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of Pubco’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if the company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, Pubco may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.
Variations of Rights of Shares. If at any time Pubco’s share capital is divided into different classes or series of shares, the rights attached to any class or series of shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class or series), whether or not Pubco is being wound-up, may be varied with the consent in writing of a majority the holders of the issued shares of that class or series or with the sanction of an ordinary resolution at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of the class or series. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of Pubco Ordinary Shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of Pubco’s list of shareholders or its corporate records. (other than the memorandum and articles of association, the register of mortgages and charges and any special resolutions passed by shareholders). Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands. However, Pubco will provide its shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
Issuance of Additional Shares. Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association authorize its Board of Directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as its Board of Directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.
Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association also authorize its Board of Directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
| ● | the designation of the series; |
| ● | the number of shares of the series; |
| ● | the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and |
| ● | the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. |
Pubco’s Board of Directors may issue preferred shares without action by its shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of Pubco’s Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of Pubco or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize Pubco’s Board of Directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by its shareholders.
Exempted Company. Pubco is an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| ● | may issue shares with no par value; |
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| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
| ● | “Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on that shareholder’s shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil). |
Pubco Warrants
Set forth below is also a description of the publicly traded warrants of Pubco (the “Pubco Warrants”). Each Pubco Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase Pubco Class B Ordinary Share at a price of $11.50 per full share.
Pubco Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Pubco Warrants. No Pubco Warrants will be exercisable for cash unless Pubco has an effective and current registration statement covering the Class B Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pubco Warrants and a current prospectus relating to such Class B Ordinary Shares. Pubco has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of the Business Combination, Pubco will use its best efforts to file, and within 60 business days following the Business Combination to have declared effective, a registration statement covering the Class B Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pubco Warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the Class B Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Pubco Warrants is not effective within 60 business days, the holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when Pubco shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise the Pubco Warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. If an exemption from registration is not available, holders will not be able to exercise their Pubco Warrants on a cashless basis. The Pubco Warrants will expire five years from the consummation of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
Pubco may call the Pubco Warrants for redemption, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant:
| ● | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder, |
| ● | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of Class B Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $18 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading days period ending on the third trading day prior to the notice of redemption to warrant holders, and |
| ● | if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the issuance of Class B Ordinary Shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption. |
If Pubco calls the Pubco Warrants for redemption, Pubco’s management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Pubco Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis”. The exercise price and number of Class B Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pubco Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the Pubco Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Class B Ordinary Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will Pubco be required to net cash settle the Pubco Warrants.
If the foregoing conditions are satisfied and Pubco issues a notice of redemption, each warrant holder can exercise his, her or its Pubco Warrants prior to the scheduled redemption date. However, the price of the Pubco Ordinary Shares may fall below the $18.00 trigger price as well as the $11.50 warrant exercise price per full share after the redemption notice is issued and not limit Pubco’s ability to complete the redemption.
In the event Pubco determines to redeem Pubco Warrants, holders of redeemable Pubco Warrants will be notified of such redemption as described in a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and Pubco. Specifically, in the event Pubco elects to redeem all of the Pubco Warrants that are subject to redemption, Pubco will fix a date for the redemption. Notice of redemption shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, by Pubco not less than 30 days prior to the date fixed for redemption to the registered holders of the Pubco Warrants to be redeemed at their last addresses as they appear on the registration books. Any notice mailed in the aforesaid manner will be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder received such notice. In addition, beneficial owners of the redeemable Pubco Warrants will be notified of such redemption via posting of the redemption notice to DTC.
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As of the date of this prospectus, trading prices of HMAC’s Ordinary Shares have not exceeded the threshold that would allow HMAC to redeem HMAC’s Public Warrants.
Anti-dilution Adjustments
Following the conversion of the HMAC’s Warrants into Pubco Warrants, the Pubco Warrants will be subject to antidilution adjustments, as summarized in the paragraphs below.
If the number of issued and outstanding Pubco ordinary shares is increased by a capitalization payable in Pubco Ordinary Shares, or by a sub-division of ordinary shares or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such capitalization, sub-division or similar event, the number of Pubco Ordinary Shares issuable on exercise of each Pubco Warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the issued and outstanding Pubco Ordinary Shares. A rights offering to holders of Pubco Ordinary Shares entitling holders to purchase Pubco Ordinary Shares at a price less than the fair market value will be deemed a capitalization of a number of Pubco Ordinary Shares equal to the product of (i) the number of Pubco Ordinary Shares actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Pubco Ordinary Shares) multiplied by (ii) one minus the quotient of (x) the price per Pubco Ordinary Share paid in such rights offering divided by (y) the fair market value. For these purposes (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Pubco Ordinary Shares, in determining the price payable for Pubco Ordinary Shares, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion and (ii) fair market value means the volume weighted average price of ordinary shares as reported during the ten (10) trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the first date on which the ordinary shares trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such rights.
In addition, if we, at any time while the warrants are outstanding and unexpired, pay a dividend or make a distribution in cash, securities or other assets to the holders of Pubco Ordinary Shares on account of such Pubco Ordinary Shares (or other Pubco Ordinary Shares into which the warrants are convertible), other than (a) as described above, (b) any cash dividends or cash distributions which, when combined on a per share basis with all other cash dividends and cash distributions paid on the Pubco Ordinary Shares during the 365-day period ending on the date of declaration of such dividend or distribution does not exceed $0.50 (as adjusted to appropriately reflect any other adjustments and excluding cash dividends or cash distributions that resulted in an adjustment to the exercise price or to the number of ordinary shares issuable on exercise of each warrant) but only with respect to the amount of the aggregate cash dividends or cash distributions equal to or less than $0.50 per share, (c) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of Pubco Ordinary Shares in connection with a proposed initial business combination, (d) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of ordinary shares in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to provide holders of Pubco Ordinary Shares the right to have their shares redeemed in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination on or before July 14, 2023 (on or before February 14, 2024, 18 months after the consummation of HMAC’s IPO) or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of holders of our Pubco Ordinary Shares, (e) as a result of the repurchase of Public Shares by us if a proposed initial business combination is presented to our shareholders for approval, or (f) in connection with the redemption of our Public Shares upon our failure to complete our initial business combination, then the warrant exercise price will be decreased, effective immediately after the effective date of such event, by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value of any securities or other assets paid on each ordinary share in respect of such event.
If the number of issued and outstanding Pubco Ordinary Shares is decreased by a share consolidation, combination, reclassification of ordinary shares or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such share consolidation, combination, reclassification or similar event, the number of ordinary shares issuable on exercise of each warrant will be decreased in proportion to such decrease in issued and outstanding Pubco Ordinary Shares.
Whenever the number of Pubco Ordinary Shares purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants is adjusted, as described above, the warrant exercise price will be adjusted by multiplying the warrant exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction (x) the numerator of which will be the number of Pubco Ordinary Shares purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (y) the denominator of which will be the number of Pubco Ordinary Shares so purchasable immediately thereafter.
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In addition, if (x) we issue additional Pubco Ordinary Shares or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of our initial business combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per ordinary share (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by Pubco board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to our sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any founder shares, private placement units, or units upon conversion of working capital loans or extension loans held by our sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of our initial business combination on the date of the consummation of our initial business combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of our ordinary shares during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which we consummate our initial business combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.
In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the issued and outstanding Pubco Ordinary Shares (other than those described above or that solely affects the par value of such ordinary shares), or in the case of any merger or consolidation of us with or into another entity (other than a consolidation or merger in which we are the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares) in which any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) acquired more than 50% of the voting power of our securities, or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of us as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, the holders of the Pubco Warrants will thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the warrants and in lieu of the ordinary shares immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of Pubco Ordinary Shares or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the holder of the Pubco Warrants would have received if such holder had exercised their warrants immediately prior to such event. However, if such holders were entitled to exercise a right of election as to the kind or amount of securities, cash or other assets receivable upon such consolidation or merger, then the kind and amount of securities, cash or other assets for which each warrant will become exercisable will be deemed to be the weighted average of the kind and amount received per share by such holders in such consolidation or merger that affirmatively make such election.
The Pubco Warrants have been issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder for the purpose of (i) curing any ambiguity or correcting any mistake, including to conform the provisions of the warrant agreement to the description of the terms of the warrants and the warrant agreement set forth in this prospectus, or defective provision and (ii) adding or changing any provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the warrant agreement as the parties to the warrant agreement may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem to not adversely affect the rights of the registered holders of the warrants, provided that the approval by the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding warrants is required to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders. All adjustments made pursuant to the warrant agreement shall be made equally to all outstanding warrants. You should review a copy of the warrant agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the warrants.
Certain Differences in Corporate Law
Cayman Islands companies are governed by the Companies Act. The Companies Act is modeled on English law but does not follow recent English law statutory enactments, and differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the material differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. In certain circumstances, the Companies Act allows for mergers or consolidations between two Cayman Islands companies, or between a Cayman Islands company and a company incorporated in another jurisdiction (provided that it is facilitated by the laws of that other jurisdiction).
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Where the merger or consolidation is between two Cayman Islands companies, the directors of each company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation containing certain prescribed information. That plan of merger or consolidation must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution (usually a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes which are cast in person or by proxy by those shareholders who, being entitled to do so, attend and vote at a quorate general meeting of the relevant company or a unanimous written resolution of all of the shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting of the relevant company) of the shareholders of each company; and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. No shareholder resolution is required for a merger between a parent company (i.e., a company that owns at least 90% of the issued shares of each class in a subsidiary company) and its subsidiary company where the parent and subsidiary company are both incorporated under the Companies Act. The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest of a constituent company must be obtained, unless the court waives such requirement. If the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies is satisfied that the requirements of the Companies Act (which includes certain other formalities) have been complied with, the Registrar of Companies will register the plan of merger or consolidation.
Where the merger or consolidation involves a foreign company, the procedure is similar, save that with respect to the foreign company, the directors of the Cayman Islands company are required to make a declaration to the effect that, having made due enquiry, they are of the opinion that the requirements set out below have been met: (i) that the merger or consolidation is permitted or not prohibited by the constitutional documents of the foreign company and by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the foreign company is incorporated, and that those laws and any requirements of those constitutional documents have been or will be complied with; (ii) that no petition or other similar proceeding has been filed and remains outstanding or order made or resolution adopted to wind up or liquidate the foreign company in any jurisdictions; (iii) that no receiver, trustee, administrator or other similar person has been appointed in any jurisdiction and is acting in respect of the foreign company, its affairs or its property or any part thereof; and (iv) that no scheme, order, compromise or other similar arrangement has been entered into or made in any jurisdiction whereby the rights of creditors of the foreign company are and continue to be suspended or restricted.
Directors of a Cayman Islands company are further required to make a declaration to the effect that, having made due enquiry, they are of the opinion that the requirements set out below have been met: (i) that the foreign company is able to pay its debts as they fall due and that the merger or consolidation is bona fide and not intended to defraud unsecured creditors of the foreign company; (ii) that in respect of the transfer of any security interest granted by the foreign company to the surviving or consolidated company (a) consent or approval to the transfer has been obtained, released or waived; (b) the transfer is permitted by and has been approved in accordance with the constitutional documents of the foreign company; and (c) the laws of the jurisdiction of the foreign company with respect to the transfer have been or will be complied with; (iii) that the foreign company will, upon the merger or consolidation becoming effective, cease to be incorporated, registered or exist under the laws of the relevant foreign jurisdiction; and (iv) that there is no other reason why it would be against the public interest to permit the merger or consolidation.
Where the above procedures are adopted, the Companies Act provides for a right of dissenting shareholders to be paid a payment of the fair value of their shares upon their dissenting to the merger or consolidation if they follow a prescribed procedure. In essence, that procedure is as follows: (a) the shareholder must give his written objection to the merger or consolidation to the constituent company before the vote on the merger or consolidation, including a statement that the shareholder proposes to demand payment for his shares if the merger or consolidation is authorized by the vote; (b) within 20 days following the date on which the merger or consolidation is approved by the shareholders, the constituent company must give written notice to each shareholder who made a written objection; (c) a shareholder must within 20 days following receipt of such notice from the constituent company, give the constituent company a written notice of his intention to dissent including, among other details, a demand for payment of the fair value of his shares; (d) within seven days following the date of the expiration of the period set out in paragraph (c) above or seven days following the date on which the plan of merger or consolidation is filed, whichever is later, the constituent company, the surviving company or the consolidated company must make a written offer to each dissenting shareholder to purchase his shares at a price that the company determines is the fair value and if the company and the shareholder agree the price within 30 days following the date on which the offer was made, the company must pay the shareholder such amount; and (e) if the company and the shareholder fail to agree on a price within such 30 day period, within 20 days following the date on which such 30 day period expires, the company must (and any dissenting shareholder may) file a petition with the Cayman Islands Grand Court to determine the fair value and such petition by the company must be accompanied by a list of the names and addresses of the dissenting shareholders with whom agreements as to the fair value of their shares have not been reached by the company. At the hearing of that petition, the court has the power to determine the fair value of the shares together with a fair rate of interest, if any, to be paid by the company upon the amount determined to be the fair value. Any dissenting shareholder whose name appears on the list filed by the company may participate fully in all proceedings until the determination of fair value is reached. These rights of a dissenting shareholder are not available in certain circumstances, for example, to dissenters holding shares of any class in respect of which an open market exists on a recognized stock exchange or recognized interdealer quotation system at the relevant date and where the consideration for such shares are shares of any company listed on a national securities exchange or shares of the surviving or consolidated company.
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Moreover, Cayman Islands law has separate statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction or amalgamation of companies in certain circumstances, by way of schemes of arrangement, which will generally be more suited for complex mergers or other transactions involving widely held companies, commonly referred to in the Cayman Islands as a “scheme of arrangement” which may be tantamount to a merger. In the event that a merger was sought pursuant to a scheme of arrangement (the procedures for which are more rigorous and take longer to complete than the procedures typically required to consummate a merger in the United States), the arrangement in question must be approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the terms of the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder would have the right to express to the court the view that the transaction should not be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it satisfies itself that:
| ● | we are not proposing to act illegally or beyond the scope of our corporate authority and the statutory provisions as to majority vote have been complied with; |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question; |
| ● | the arrangement is such as a businessman would reasonably approve; and |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act or that would amount to a “fraud on the minority.” |
If a scheme of arrangement or takeover offer (as described below) is approved, any dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights (providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares), which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of United States corporations.
Squeeze-out Provisions. When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares to whom the offer relates within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, but this is unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith, collusion or inequitable treatment of the shareholders.
Further, transactions similar to a merger, reconstruction and/or an amalgamation may in some circumstances be achieved through means other than these statutory provisions, such as a share capital exchange, asset acquisition or control, or through contractual arrangements of an operating business.
Shareholders’ Suits. Derivative actions have been brought in the Cayman Islands courts, and the Cayman Islands courts have confirmed the availability for such actions. In most cases, we will be the proper plaintiff in any claim based on a breach of duty owed to us, and a claim against (for example) our officer or directors usually may not be brought by a shareholder. However, based both on Cayman Islands authorities and on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority and be applied by a court in the Cayman Islands, exceptions to the foregoing principle apply in circumstances in which:
| ● | a company is acting, or proposing to act, illegally or beyond the scope of its authority; |
| ● | the act complained of, although not beyond the scope of the authority, could be effected if duly authorized by more than the number of votes which have actually been obtained; or |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
A shareholder may have a direct right of action against us where the individual rights of that shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed.
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Special Considerations for Exempted Companies. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:
| ● | an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies |
| ● | an exempted company’s register of members is not open to inspection; |
| ● | an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| ● | an exempted company may issue shares with no par value; |
| ● | an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| ● | an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| ● | an exempted company may register as a limited duration company; and |
| ● | an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table shows the beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares as of December 21, 2023 by:
| ● | each person known by Pubco to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | each of Able View Global Inc.’s named executive officers and directors; and |
| ● | all of our executive officers and directors as a group. |
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. Except as otherwise noted herein, the number and percentage of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rule, beneficial ownership includes any Ordinary Shares and as to which the holder has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any Ordinary Shares which the holder has the right to acquire within 60 days of December 21, 2023 through the exercise of any option, conversion or any other right. The table does not include stock options and restricted shares held by the executive officers that do not vest or become exercisable, and do not provide voting rights, within 60 days of the date of this prospectus. As of December 21, 2023, there were 24,871,433 Class A Ordinary Shares and 17,487,800 Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding (excluding treasury shares).
| Pubco Class A | Pubco Class B | Voting | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary Shares | Ordinary Shares | Power | ||||||||||||||||||
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Number | % | Number | % | (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Executive Officers and Directors | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stephen Jian Zhu(1) | 24,871,433 | 58.7 | % | 93.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tang Jing(2) | 2,146,641 | 5.1 | % | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Yilun Wu(3) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Yimin Zhou(4) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Zhifan Zhou(5) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| All Executive Officers and Directors as a group | 24,871,433 | 58.7 | % | 2,146,641 | 5.1 | % | 94.2 | % | ||||||||||||
| 5% or Greater Holders | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Smartest Star Investing Company Limited(6) | 4,459,339 | 10.5 | % | 1.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Healthy Great Investing Company Limited(7) | 24,871,433 | 58.7 | % | 93.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Scenery Investing Company Limited(8) | 2,146,641 | 5.1 | % | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | The address of Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu is 61-65 Huqiu Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China. |
| (2) | The address of Mr. Tang Jing is Room 603, No. 73, Tianyao New Village, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. |
| (3) | The address of Mr. Yilun Wu is Room 702, 868 Nanjing West Road, Jing ‘an District, Shanghai, China. |
| (4) | The address of Mr. Yimin Zhou is Room 1201, No.18, Lane 2518, Longhua Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. |
| (5) | The address of Mr. Zhifan Zhou is B3406, 34F, West Tower, Block B, Guorui Building, 11 Guoxing Avenue, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China 570203. |
| (6) | Mr. Wang Jun, being the sole owner of Smartest Star Investing Company Limited, may, under the rules of the SEC, be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. |
| (7) | Mr. Stephen Jian Zhu, being the sole owner of Healthy Great Investing Company Limited, may, under the rules of the SEC, be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. |
| (8) | Mr. Tang Jing, being the sole owner of Scenery Investing Company Limited, may, under the rules of the SEC, be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. |
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This prospectus relates to the registration and resale by the selling securityholders set forth in the table below of up to 14,147,750 Class B Ordinary Shares.
In this prospectus, the term “selling securityholders” includes the entities identified in the table and in the footnotes in the table below (as such table may be amended from time to time by means of an amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part or by a supplement to this prospectus), and any donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors-in-interest (as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution, membership distribution or other transfer) that acquire any of the securities covered by this prospectus after the date of this prospectus from the named selling securityholders. The selling securityholders may from time to time offer and sell any or all of the securities set forth below pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. The selling securityholders identified below may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of some or all of their securities since the date on which the information in the following table is presented in transactions exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act. We cannot advise you as to whether the selling securityholders will, in fact, sell any or all of such securities.
The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the names of the selling securityholders, the aggregate number of Class B Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by such selling securityholder immediately prior to the offering, the number of Class B Ordinary Shares that may be sold by the selling securityholders under this prospectus and the number of Class B Ordinary Shares that the selling securityholders will beneficially own after the Class B Ordinary Shares are sold.
The percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on 24,871,433 Class A Ordinary Shares and 17,487,800 Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding as of December 21, 2023, adjusted for each owner’s warrants held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 21, 2023, if any. Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Class B Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them.
Selling securityholder information for each additional selling securityholder, if any, will be set forth by prospectus supplement to the extent required prior to the time of any offer or sale of such selling securityholder’s securities pursuant to this prospectus. Any prospectus supplement may add, update, substitute, or change the information contained in this prospectus, including the identity of each selling securityholder and the number of Class B Ordinary Shares registered on its behalf. A selling securityholder may sell all, some or none of such securities in this offering. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution.”
| Name of Selling Securityholder | Number of Class B Ordinary Shares Owned Before the Offering | Percent of Ordinary Shares (Class A and Class B) Owned Before the Offering | Class B Ordinary Shares Available for Sale Under This Prospectus | Number of Class B Ordinary Shares to be Owned After Completion of the Offering | Percent of Class B Ordinary Shares to be Owned After Completion of the Offering | |||||||||||||||
| FORTUNE MIGHTY INVESTMENT LIMITED(2) | 462,638 | 1.1 | % | 462,638 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| GOODFORTUNE AMBER STAR LIMITED(3) | 555,166 | 1.3 | % | 555,166 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| GOODFORTUNE STAR PLATINUM LIMITED(4) | 1,110,332 | 2.6 | % | 1,110,332 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| PERFECTSHINE HOLDING LIMITED(5) | 647,694 | 1.5 | % | 555,166 | 92,528 | (1) | 0.2 | %(1) | ||||||||||||
| PERFECTSHINE AMBER STAR LIMITED(6) | 1,110,332 | 2.6 | % | 1,110,332 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| PERFECTSHINE STAR PLATINUM LIMITED(7) | 555,166 | 1.3 | % | 555,166 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| SCENERY INVESTING COMPANY LIMITED(8) | 2,146,641 | 5.1 | % | 2,146,641 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| SMARTEST STAR INVESTING COMPANY LIMITED(9) | 4,459,339 | 10.5 | % | 4,459,339 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| WANG YI(10) | 1,092,320 | 2.6 | % | 1,092,320 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| BRIGHT WINLONG LLC(11) | 2,100,650 | 5.0 | % | 2,100,650 | — | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Because (a) each of the selling securityholders may offer all or some of the Class B Ordinary Shares that it holds in the offering contemplated by this prospectus, (b) the offering of Class B Ordinary Shares is not being underwritten, and (c) the selling securityholders could purchase additional Class B Ordinary Shares from time to time, no estimate can be given as to the number of shares or percent of our Class B Ordinary Shares that will be held by the selling securityholders upon completion of the offering. |
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| (2) | Mr. Wenming Mu, being the sole owner of Fortune Mighty Investment Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Intershore Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (3) | Mr. Wenming Mu, being the sole owner of Goodfortune Amber Star Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Intershore Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (4) | Mr. Wenming Mu, being the sole owner of Goodfortune Star Platinum Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Intershore Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (5) | Mr. Wenming Mu, being the sole owner of Perfectshine Holding Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (6) | Mr. Wenming Mu, being the sole owner of Perfectshine Amber Star Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Intershore Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (7) | Mr. Wenming Mu, being the sole owner of Perfectshine Star Platinum Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Intershore Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (8) | Mr. Jing Tang, being the sole owner of Scenery Investing Company Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Woodbourne Hall, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (9) | Mr. Jun Wang, being the sole owner of Smartest Star Investing Company Limited, under the rules of the SEC, is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity. The address of the entity is Woodbourne Hall, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
| (10) | The address of Mr. Yi Wang is No.51, A18 Building Hexie Road, Xiu Ying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, China. |
| (11) | Mr. Zhifan Zhou is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held by such entity under the rules of the SEC. The address of Bright Winlong LLC is Room 3406, West Tower, Guorui Building, No. 11 Guoxing Avenue, Haikou, Hainan Province, China. |
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We are registering the offer and sale, from time to time, by the selling securityholders of up to 14,147,750 Class B Ordinary Shares.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the securities by the selling securityholders. The aggregate proceeds to the selling securityholders from the sale of the securities will be the purchase price of the securities less any discounts and commissions. We will not pay any brokers’ or underwriters’ discounts and commissions in connection with the registration and sale of the securities covered by this prospectus. The selling securityholders reserve the right to accept and, together with their respective agents, to reject, any proposed purchases of securities to be made directly or through agents.
Upon effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the securities beneficially owned by the selling securityholders covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold from time to time by the selling securityholders.
Selling securityholders may be subject to the restrictions on transfer of shares of Rule 144 under the securities Act if such selling securityholder is deemed an “affiliate” of HMAC immediately prior to the Effective Time or an “affiliate” of Pubco following the Business Combination. Persons who may be deemed to be affiliates include individuals or entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with, Able View or HMAC (as appropriate) and may include the executive officers, directors and significant shareholders of Able View or HMAC (as appropriate).
The term “selling securityholders” include donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest selling securities received after the date of this prospectus from the selling securityholders as a gift, pledge, partnership or membership distribution or other transfer. The selling securityholders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each sale. Such sales may be made on one or more exchanges or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at prices and under terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price or in negotiated transactions. The selling securityholders and any of their permitted transferees may sell their securities offered by this prospectus on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions.
The securities offered by this prospectus may be sold from time to time to purchasers:
| ● | directly by the selling securityholders, |
| ● | to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, commissions or agent’s commissions from the selling securityholders or the purchasers of the securities, |
| ● | through trading plans entered into by a selling securityholder pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act that are in place at the time of an offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement hereto that provide for periodic sales of their securities on the basis of parameters described in such trading plans, |
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers, |
| ● | block trades in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction, |
| ● | directly to purchasers, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process or in privately negotiated transactions, |
| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law, and |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale. |
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Any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents who participate in the sale or distribution of the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act. As a result, any discounts, commissions or concessions received by any such broker-dealer or agents who are deemed to be underwriters will be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Underwriters are subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act and may be subject to certain statutory liabilities under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the selling securityholders for the purpose of satisfying the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. To our knowledge, there are currently no plans, arrangements or understandings between the selling securityholders and any underwriter, broker-dealer or agent regarding the sale of the securities by the selling securityholders.
The securities may be sold in one or more transactions at:
| ● | fixed prices; |
| ● | prevailing market prices at the time of sale; |
| ● | prices related to such prevailing market prices; |
| ● | varying prices determined at the time of sale; or |
| ● | negotiated prices. |
These sales may be effected in one or more transactions:
| ● | on any securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale, including Nasdaq; |
| ● | in the over-the-counter market; |
| ● | in transactions otherwise than on such exchanges or services or in the over-the-counter market; |
| ● | any other method permitted by applicable law; or |
| ● | through any combination of the foregoing. |
In addition, a selling securityholder that is an entity may elect to make a pro rata in-kind distribution of securities to its members, partners or stockholders pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part by delivering a prospectus with a plan of distribution. Such members, partners or stockholders would thereby receive freely tradeable securities pursuant to the distribution through a registration statement. To the extent a distributee is an affiliate of ours (or to the extent otherwise required by law), we may file a prospectus supplement in order to permit the distributees to use the prospectus to resell the securities acquired in the distribution. The selling securityholder also may transfer the securities in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors-in-interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. Upon being notified by a selling securityholder that a donee, pledgee, transferee, other successor-in-interest intends to sell our securities, we will, to the extent required, promptly file a supplement to this prospectus to name specifically such person as a selling securityholder.
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At the time a particular offering of the Securities is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed, which will set forth the name of the selling securityholders, the aggregate amount of securities being offered and the terms of the offering, including, to the extent required, (1) the name or names of any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, (2) any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from the selling securityholders and (3) any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed to be paid to broker-dealers. We may suspend the sale of securities by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus for certain periods of time for certain reasons, including if the prospectus is required to be supplemented or amended to include additional material information.
The selling securityholder will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner, and size of each resale or other transfer. There can be no assurance that the selling securityholders will sell any or all of the securities under this prospectus. Further, we cannot assure you that the selling securityholder will not transfer, distribute, devise or gift the securities by other means not described in this prospectus. In addition, any securities covered by this prospectus that qualify for sale under Rule 144 under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than under this prospectus. The securities may be sold in some states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and complied with.
The selling securityholder and any other person participating in the sale of the securities will be subject to the Exchange Act. The Exchange Act rules include, without limitation, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the securities by the selling securityholder and any other person. In addition, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to the particular securities being distributed. This may affect the marketability of the securities and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the securities.
The Class B Ordinary Shares and the warrants held by certain of the selling securityholders are subject to transfer restrictions, as described in the section titled “Shares Eligible For Future Sale.”
With respect to those securities being registered pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement we have agreed to indemnify or hold harmless the selling securityholders and all of their officers, directors, and agents of each, and control persons, as applicable, against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act. Such selling securityholders have agreed to indemnify us in certain circumstances against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act. The selling securityholders may indemnify any broker or underwriter that participates in transactions involving the sale of the Securities against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
For additional information regarding expenses of registration, see the section titled “Use of Proceeds.”
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Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses which are expected to be incurred by us in connection with the offer and sale of our Class B Ordinary Shares by our selling securityholders. With the exception of the registration fee payable to the SEC, all amounts are estimates.
| Expense | Amount | |||
| SEC registration fee | $ | 3,476.87 | ||
| Legal fees and expenses | 120,000 | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | 50,000 | |||
| Miscellaneous | 25,000 | |||
| Total | $ | 198,476.87 | ||
The legality of the Pubco Class B Ordinary Shares on resale hereby and certain other Cayman Islands legal matters are passed upon for Pubco, as to matters of Cayman Islands law, by Harney Westwood & Riegels.
The consolidated financial statements of Able View Global Inc. as of December 31, 2022 and for the period from October 11, 2022 (inception) through December 31, 2022 and the consolidated financial statements of Able View Inc. as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on Form F-1, of which this prospectus forms a part, including exhibits, under the Securities Act with respect to the Class B Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus. The registration statement on Form F-1, including the attached exhibits and schedules, contains additional relevant information about us and our share capital. The rules and regulations of the SEC allow us to omit from this prospectus certain information included in the registration statement. For further information about us and the securities offered by this prospectus, you should refer to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed with the registration statement. With respect to the statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any agreement or any other document, in each instance, the statement is qualified in all respects by the complete text of the agreement or document, a copy of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information we have filed electronically with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.
We also make available on our website, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 20-F and the text of our reports on Form 6-K, including any amendments to these reports, as well as certain other SEC filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website address is www.Able View.com/investors. The reference to our website is an inactive textual reference only, and information contained therein or connected thereto is not incorporated into this prospectus.
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ABLE VIEW INC.
ABLE VIEW GLOBAL INC.
F-1
ABLE VIEW INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,149,339 | $ | 5,773,380 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 16,912,658 | 21,138,144 | ||||||
| Deferred offering costs | 1,524,580 | 374,633 | ||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 10,897,546 | 3,113,139 | ||||||
| Amount due from related parties | 1,858,756 | 3,053,451 | ||||||
| Inventories | 16,174,169 | 18,678,648 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 53,517,048 | 52,131,395 | ||||||
| Non-current Assets | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 1,084,651 | 686,380 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 727,630 | 374,005 | ||||||
| Rights of use assets | 1,981,657 | 175,004 | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 1,480,957 | 1,254,547 | ||||||
| Total Non-current Assets | 5,274,895 | 2,489,936 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 58,791,943 | $ | 54,621,331 | ||||
| LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Short-term loans | $ | 9,873,115 | $ | 15,685,674 | ||||
| Accounts payable | 1,121,906 | 841,647 | ||||||
| Advance from customers | 270,881 | 219,431 | ||||||
| Income tax payable | 3,482,883 | 2,315,764 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities | 868,112 | 299,461 | ||||||
| Other payable and accrued expenses | 1,910,571 | 1,978,440 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties | - | 9,380,129 | ||||||
| 17,527,468 | 30,720,546 | |||||||
| Lease liabilities, non-current | 1,391,554 | 19,394 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties, non-current | 28,629,568 | 18,350,020 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities | 47,548,590 | 49,089,960 | ||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies | ||||||||
| Mezzanine Equity (Aggregate liquidation preference of $3,255,781 as of June 30, 2023) | ||||||||
| Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares (par value $0.0001 per share, 15,750 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | 3,255,781 | 3,135,781 | ||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock ($0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 2,369,435 | 2,369,435 | ||||||
| Statutory reserve | 22,658 | 22,658 | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 5,536,297 | 7,540 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 59,082 | (4,143 | ) | |||||
| Total Shareholders’ Equity | 7,987,572 | 2,395,590 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 58,791,943 | $ | 54,621,331 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-2
ABLE VIEW INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||
| - Product sales to third parties | $ | 81,663,901 | $ | 60,799,374 | ||||
| - Product sales to related parties | - | 10,608 | ||||||
| Total revenue | 81,663,901 | 60,809,982 | ||||||
| Cost of revenue | (61,993,686 | ) | (46,486,931 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 19,670,215 | 14,323,051 | ||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | (9,229,698 | ) | (7,307,119 | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | (2,365,150 | ) | (1,476,071 | ) | ||||
| Total operating expenses | (11,594,848 | ) | (8,783,190 | ) | ||||
| Income from operations | 8,075,367 | 5,539,861 | ||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | ||||||||
| Interest expenses, net | (698,500 | ) | (263,161 | ) | ||||
| Other income | 151,454 | 90,184 | ||||||
| Foreign currency exchange loss | (856,930 | ) | (587,172 | ) | ||||
| Total other expenses, net | (1,403,976 | ) | (760,149 | ) | ||||
| Income before income taxes | 6,671,391 | 4,779,712 | ||||||
| Income tax expenses | (1,022,634 | ) | (873,365 | ) | ||||
| Net income | 5,648,757 | 3,906,347 | ||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | (120,000 | ) | (15,781 | ) | ||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s preferred shareholders | (85,728 | ) | (57,496 | ) | ||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s ordinary shareholders | $ | 5,443,029 | $ | 3,833,070 | ||||
| Net income | $ | 5,648,757 | $ | 3,906,347 | ||||
| Other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 63,225 | 220,662 | ||||||
| Comprehensive income | 5,711,982 | 4,127,009 | ||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | (120,000 | ) | (15,781 | ) | ||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s preferred shareholders | (85,728 | ) | (57,496 | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Able View Inc’s ordinary shareholders | $ | 5,506,254 | $ | 4,053,732 | ||||
| Earnings per share – basic and diluted | $ | 5.44 | $ | 3.65 | ||||
| Dividends declared per share – basic and diluted | $ | — | $ | 8.28 | ||||
| Weighted average shares – basic and diluted | $ | 1,000,000 | 1,050,000 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-3
ABLE VIEW INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| Common stock | Additional | Accumulated other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of stock | Amount | paid-in capital | Statutory reserve | Retained earnings | comprehensive (loss) income | shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 1,050,000 | $ | 105 | $ | 869,430 | — | $ | 8,455,252 | $ | (291,741 | ) | $ | 9,033,046 | |||||||||||||||
| Declaration of dividends | — | — | — | — | (8,688,985 | ) | — | (8,688,985 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | — | — | — | — | (15,781 | ) | — | (15,781 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 3,906,347 | — | 3,906,347 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | 220,662 | 220,662 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 1,050,000 | $ | 105 | $ | 869,430 | $ | — | $ | 3,656,833 | $ | (71,079 | ) | $ | 4,455,289 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 1,000,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,369,435 | $ | 22,658 | $ | 7,540 | $ | (4,143 | ) | $ | 2,395,590 | ||||||||||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | — | — | — | — | (120,000 | ) | — | (120,000 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 5,648,757 | — | 5,648,757 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | 63,225 | 63,225 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | 1,000,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,369,435 | $ | 22,658 | $ | 5,536,297 | $ | 59,082 | $ | 7,987,572 | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-4
ABLE VIEW INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 7,277,110 | (12,453,162 | ) | |||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (389,506 | ) | (118,471 | ) | ||||
| Loans made to third parties | (1,236,742 | ) | - | |||||
| Lending to related parties | (1,885,736 | ) | (90,294 | ) | ||||
| Repayment from related parties | 1,736,970 | 171,320 | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (1,775,014 | ) | (37,445 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term borrowings | 40,465,351 | 36,517,221 | ||||||
| Repayments of short-term borrowings | (46,111,031 | ) | (26,005,460 | ) | ||||
| Borrowings from related parties | 5,835,307 | 8,681,171 | ||||||
| Repayment of short-term borrowings to related parties | (4,212,145 | ) | (11,529,198 | ) | ||||
| Payment of offering costs | (1,107,564 | ) | (87,874 | ) | ||||
| Payments of dividends to shareholders | (57,402 | ) | (190,315 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares | - | 3,000,000 | ||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (5,187,484 | ) | 10,385,545 | |||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 61,347 | 136,050 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 375,959 | (1,969,012 | ) | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 5,773,380 | 6,719,980 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 6,149,339 | $ | 4,750,968 | ||||
| Supplemental cash flow information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest expense | $ | 711,891 | $ | 303,651 | ||||
| Cash paid for income tax | $ | 143,197 | $ | 300,286 | ||||
| Noncash financing activities | ||||||||
| Declared but unpaid dividends | $ | - | $ | 8,688,985 | ||||
| Redesignation of dividends payable as amount due to a related party | $ | - | $ | 6,759,923 | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,480,506 | $ | - | ||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | $ | 120,000 | $ | 15,781 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-5
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Able View Inc. (“Ableview Cayman”) was incorporated on January 21, 2021 under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability.
Ableview Cayman owns 100% of the equity interests of Ableview Capital Group Ltd (“Ableview BVI”), an entity incorporated under the laws of British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on February 10, 2021.
On October 11, 2022 and October 12, 2022, Ableview Cayman setup both Able View Global Inc. and Able View Corporation Inc. under the laws of the Cayman Islands as exempted companies with limited liability. Ableview Cayman owned 100% of the equity interests of Pubco and Merger Sub.
Ableview BVI owns 100% of the equity interests of Ableview Brands Limited (“Ableview Brands”), Ableview Management Limited (“Ableview Management”), and CSS Cosmetics (Hong Kong) Limited (“CSS HK”), all are business companies incorporated in accordance with the laws and regulations of Hong Kong on February 25, 2021, May 25, 2021 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
On April 1, 2021, November 16, 2022 and March 21, 2023, Ableview Brands established Shanghai Jingyue Trading Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jingyue”), Shanghai Jingnan Medicial Appliances Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jingnan”), and Zhejiang Jingxiu Trading Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Jingxiu”) all of which are wholly owned subsidiaries in China. On December 7, 2022, Ableview Brands also established Healthy Great Pte. Ltd. (“Ableview Singapore”), a wholly owned subsidiary in Singapore. On January 11, 2022, Ableview Management established CSS Cosmetics (Shanghai) Limited (“CSS Shanghai”), a wholly owned subsidiary in China.
Ableview Management acquired Shanghai Jinglu Trading Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jinglu”), and Beijing Jingyuan Trading Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Jingyuan”) from shareholders of Ableview Cayman, and such acquisition was accounted for as acquisition under common control. Shanghai Jinglu and Beijing Jingyuan were setup in China on November 24, 2020 and October 14, 2020, respectively.
Ableview Investment Limited (“Ableview Investment”) was incorporated on October 23, 2019 under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. The Company commenced operations on November 18, 2015, through its subsidiaries, Able View Enterprise Limited (“Able View”) and its wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Weitong Trading Co., Ltd. (“Weitong”). Able View is a limited liability company, which was registered and established under the laws of the Hong Kong on November 18, 2015. The PRC operating company, Weitong was incorporated as a PRC entity pursuant to PRC law on May 28, 2015 by two former shareholders. On November 21, 2017, Able View entered into a share transfer agreement with the former shareholders to acquire 100% of the equity interest of Weitong. Pursuant to the share transfer agreement, the closing date was November 21, 2017.
Reorganization
On April 28, 2022, Ableview Cayman entered into an equity transfer agreement with Ableview Investment and the shareholders of Ableview Investment. Pursuant to the equity transfer agreement, each of the shareholders of Ableview Investment transferred to Ableview Cayman their respective equity interests in Ableview Investment (“Equity Transfer”). Because the shareholders of Ableview Cayman and Able View Investment are of the same group, the Equity Transfer was agreed at nil consideration. Upon completion of the Equity Transfer, Ableview Investment became a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Ableview Cayman.
On April 28, 2022, Ableview Cayman completed the reorganization of entities under common control of its then existing shareholders, who collectively owned 100% of the equity interests of Ableview Investment prior to the reorganization. Ableview Cayman, Ableview BVI, Ableview Brands, and Ableview Management were established as holding companies of Ableview Investment and its subsidiaries, and all of these entities are under common control which results in the consolidation of Ableview Investment and its subsidiaries, which have been accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control at carrying value.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis as if the reorganization became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ableview Cayman and its subsidiaries (herein collectively referred to as the “Company”) are engaged in importing and selling cosmetics and other beauty products to E-commerce platforms and distributor customers.
F-6
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”).
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information as of June 30, 2023 and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 has been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and pursuant to Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP, have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, included in the Form F-4 filed on June 26, 2023.
In the opinion of the management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the same accounting policies as used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(b) Basis of consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly and majority owned subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
(c) Foreign currency translation
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates on the date of the balance sheet.
The reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is U.S. dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$.
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$, are translated into US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of shareholders’ equity.
F-7
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(c) Foreign currency translation (continued)
Translation of amounts from HKD and RMB into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| HKD exchange rate for balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | 7.8363 | 7.8015 | ||||||
| RMB exchange rate for balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | 7.2513 | 6.8972 | ||||||
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| HKD exchange rate for items in the statements of income and comprehensive income, and statements of cash flows | 7.8394 | 7.8260 | ||||||
| RMB exchange rate for items in the statements of income and comprehensive income, and statements of cash flows | 6.9283 | 6.4791 | ||||||
No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.
(d) Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded at the gross amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company determined no allowances for doubtful accounts were necessary for accounts receivable.
F-8
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(e) Inventories
Inventories, consisting of cosmetics and other beauty products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to the estimated net realizable value due to damaged goods and slow-moving merchandise, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Company takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company wrote down inventories of $nil and $31,202, respectively.
(f) Revenue recognition
The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) on January 1, 2017, using the modified retrospective approach. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.
In accordance with ASC 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised products is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products. The Company also evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales. When the Company is a principal, and the Company obtains control of the specified goods before they are transferred to the customers, the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the specified goods transferred. Revenues are recorded net of value-added taxes.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company generated revenues primarily from selling cosmetics and other beauty products. The Company identifies a single performance obligation from contracts which is the sales of cosmetics and other beauty products. The Company recognizes the product revenues on a gross basis as the Company is acting as a principal in these transactions and is responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods, subject to inventory risks and has the discretion in establishing prices. Payments received in advance from customers are recorded as “advance from customers” in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Advance from customers is recognized as revenue when the Company delivers the goods to its customers. In cases where transaction prices are collected after the sales, revenue and accounts receivable are recognized upon delivery of products to the customers.
The Company recognizes revenues net of return allowances and consideration payable to customers when the products are delivered and title is passed to customers. Significant judgement is required to estimate return allowances. For sales with return conditions, the Company reasonably estimates the possibility of return based on the historical experience, changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the amount of net revenues recognized. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not record return allowance because the Company historically incurred minimal returns from customers and the Company did not expect a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue.
F-9
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(g) Significant risks and uncertainties
1) Credit risk
Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and amounts due from related parties. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amount as at the balance sheet dates. As of June 30, 2023, the Company held cash and cash equivalents of $6,149,339, among which $3,996,036 were deposited in financial institutions located in Hong Kong, and $2,143,858 were deposited in financial institutions located in Mainland China. Each bank account in Mainland China is insured by the government authority with the maximum limit of RMB 500,000 (equivalent to approximately $69,000), while the bank accounts in Hong Kong, are not insured by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance or other insurance. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily place cash and cash equivalent deposits with large financial institutions in the PRC which management believes are of high credit quality and the Company also continually monitors their credit worthiness.
The risk with respect to accounts receivable and amounts due from related parties is mitigated by credit evaluations the Company performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring processes of outstanding balances.
The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of income may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC as well as by the general state of the PRC’s economy. In addition, the Company’s business may be influenced by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation among other factors.
2) Liquidity risk
The Company is also exposed to liquidity risk which is risk that it is unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet its commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, the Company will turn to other financial institutions and the shareholders to obtain short-term funding to meet the liquidity shortage.
3) Foreign currency risk
The Company has seven mainland China operating subsidiaries whose operating activities and their assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. Foreign exchange transactions conducted in these subsidiaries take place either through the Peoples’ Bank of China (“PBOC”) or other authorized financial institutions at exchange rates quoted by PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices and signed contracts. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market.
(h) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. The ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of ASU 2020-06 on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
F-10
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
(h) Recent Accounting Pronouncements (continued)
Prepayments and other current assets consist of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Prepayments to suppliers (a) | $ | 5,206,791 | $ | 1,295,355 | ||||
| Loans to third parties (b) | 1,204,152 | - | ||||||
| Prepaid marketing and advertising expenses (c) | 2,434,115 | 1,525,715 | ||||||
| Due from a supplier (d) | 1,012,745 | - | ||||||
| Payments on behalf of the sponsor of Manaslu Acquisition Corp. (“HMAC”) (e) | 662,250 | - | ||||||
| Tax recoverable | 90,814 | 290,590 | ||||||
| Others | 286,679 | 1,479 | ||||||
| $ | 10,897,546 | $ | 3,113,139 | |||||
| (a) | The balances represented advances to suppliers for purchase of cosmetics and other beauty products. |
| (b) | For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company made loans of aggregating $1,236,742 to two third parties to support their working capital. The loans were interest-free and repayable on demand. As of the date of this report, the Company collected the outstanding loans of $736,111 from one third party and expects to collect the remaining balance before December 31, 2023. |
| (c) | The balances represented advances for purchase of online advertising services, which was generally amortized to selling and marketing expenses within three months. |
| (d) | To strengthen the supplier relationship, the Company assists the suppliers with online marketing campaigns to promote their products. The Company prepaid the advertising service fees to media, and charged the media cost from the suppliers. As of June 30, 2023, the balance represented the outstanding advertising service fees due from a supplier. |
| (e) | As of June 30, 2023, the balance of payments on behalf of the sponsor of HMAC represented the professional and consulting expenses paid on behalf of the sponsor of HMAC, with which the Company closed a business combination in August 2023 (Note 14). These expenses were reimbursed by the sponsor upon the closing of business combination. |
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Vehicles | $ | 499,729 | $ | 454,589 | ||||
| Office equipment | 320,353 | 273,240 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvement | 436,232 | 118,132 | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (528,684 | ) | (471,956 | ) | ||||
| $ | 727,630 | $ | 374,005 | |||||
Depreciation expense was and $83,493 and $53,075 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
F-11
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5. SHORT-TERM LOANS
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Short-term loans from financial institutions | $ | 2,531,127 | $ | 9,231,133 | ||||
| Short-term loans from banks | 7,341,988 | 6,454,541 | ||||||
| $ | 9,873,115 | $ | 15,685,674 | |||||
Short-term loans from banks
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company entered into one loan agreement with one bank. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company borrowed $30,443,701 and $21,746,651 from the bank with maturity dates due through May 2024. The borrowing bore interest rate of 3.5% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company repaid borrowings of $29,835,664 and $14,814,639, respectively, to the bank.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company entered into one additional loan agreement with another bank, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $288,671 with maturity dates due through March 2024. The borrowing bore interest rate of 4.0% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not repay bank borrowings to the bank.
Short-term loans from financial institutions
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company entered into certain loan agreements with two financial institutions. Pursuant to which the Company borrowed $9,732,979 and $11,961,538 from these financial institutions with maturity dates due through May 2024. The borrowings bore interest rates ranging between 7.5% and 12.3% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company repaid borrowings of $16,275,367 and $10,727,794, respectively.
6. OPERATING LEASES
As of June 30, 2023, the Company leases office spaces in the PRC under non-cancelable operating leases, with terms ranging between 16.5 months and 48 months. The Company considers those renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of the lease term and initial measurement of right of use assets and lease liabilities. Lease expense for lease payment is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of the leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Company discount lease payments based on an estimate of the incremental borrowing rate.
For operating leases that include rent holidays and rent escalation clauses, the Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term from the date it takes possession of the leased property. The Company records the straight-line lease expense and any contingent rent, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The corporate office lease also requires the Company to pay real estate taxes, common area maintenance costs and other occupancy costs which are included in the general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
F-12
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6. OPERATING LEASES (CONTINUED)
For short-term leases, the Company records operating lease expense in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred.
The table below presents the operating lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Right of use assets | $ | 1,981,657 | $ | 175,004 | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | $ | 868,112 | $ | 299,461 | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | 1,391,554 | 19,394 | ||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,259,666 | $ | 318,855 | ||||
Other information about the Company’s leases is as follows:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Operating cash flows used in operating leases | $ | 293,214 | - | |||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | 2.33 | - | ||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | 4.75 | % | - | |||||
Operating lease expenses were $488,348 and $213,221, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023:
| June 30, 2023 | ||||
| For the six months ending December 31, 2023 | $ | 584,623 | ||
| For the year ending December 31, 2024 | 812,673 | |||
| For the year ending December 31, 2025 | 797,925 | |||
| For the year ending December 31, 2026 and thereafter | 210,362 | |||
| Total lease payments | 2,405,583 | |||
| Less: Imputed interest | (145,917 | ) | ||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 2,259,666 | ||
F-13
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7. INCOME TAXES
Hong Kong
Ableview Brands, Ableview Management, and Able View are incorporated in Hong Kong and is subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. The applicable tax rate for the first HKD$2 million of assessable profits is 8.25% and assessable profits above HKD$2 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong, effective from the year of assessment 2018/2019. Before that, the applicable tax rate was 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong.
PRC
Weitong, Beijing Jingyuan, Shanghai Jinglu, Shanghai Jingnan and CSS Shanghai are subject to PRC Corporate Income Tax (“CIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. Effective from January 1, 2008, the PRC’s statutory, Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) rate is 25%.
Beijing Jingyuan, Shanghai Jinglu, Shanghai Jingnan, Zhejiang Jingxiu and CSS Shanghai are qualified as small and micro-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) from the year of 2022. In accordance with the implementation rules of EIT Law, SMEs are entitled to a reduced EIT rate of 20%, 87.5% reduction of taxable income for the first RMB1,000,000 taxable income and 75% reduction of taxable income between RMB 1,000,000 and RMB 3,000,000, and no reduction for the remaining taxable income for the period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, and are entitled to a reduced EIT rate of 5% for the first RMB 3 million of assessable profits, and 25% for assessable profits above RMB 3 million for the period from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2027.
Singapore
Ableview is subject to corporate income tax for its business operation in Singapore. Tax on corporate income is imposed at a flat rate of 17%.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the income tax expenses (benefits) were comprised of the following:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Current income tax expenses | $ | 1,321,854 | $ | 865,483 | ||||
| Deferred income tax (benefits) expenses | (299,220 | ) | 7,882 | |||||
| $ | 1,022,634 | $ | 873,365 | |||||
Deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consist of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Net operating losses carryforwards | $ | 1,558,223 | $ | 1,335,778 | ||||
| Less: valuation allowance | (77,266 | ) | (81,232 | ) | ||||
| $ | 1,480,957 | $ | 1,254,546 | |||||
F-14
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
As of June 30, 2023, the Company had net operating loss carrying forwards of $6,745,593, among which $6,501,927 was from the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, which will expire as of beginning of December 31, 2026, and $243,666 was from the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiaries, which will not expire. The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law. The Company reviews deferred tax assets for a valuation allowance based upon whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be fully realized. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, valuation allowance of $77,266 and $81,232, respectively, was provided against deferred tax assets arising from net operation losses carryforwards as the Company assessed that it was more likely than not that that the net operating losses would not be fully utilized before expiration.
The Company operates its business through its subsidiaries. The Company does not file consolidated tax returns, therefore, losses from individual subsidiaries may not be used to offset other subsidiaries’ earnings within the Company. Valuation allowance is considered on each individual subsidiary basis.
Uncertain tax positions
The Company evaluates the level of authority for each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not believe that its uncertain tax position will materially change over the next twelve months.
8. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES
On May 11, 2022, the Company closed an issuance of 15,750 Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Preferred Shares”) to a third party, at a per share price of $190.4762. The Company raised $3,000,000 from the issuance of Preferred Shares. The following table summarized the roll-forward of the carrying amount of the convertible redeemable preferred shares for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares | ||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | - | ||
| Issuance of preferred shares in exchange of cash | 3,000,000 | |||
| Accretion of preferred shares | 15,781 | |||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | 3,015,781 | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 3,135,781 | ||
| Accretion of preferred shares | 120,000 | |||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 3,255,781 | ||
The key terms of the Preferred Shares are as follows:
Conversion
The holder of Preferred Share shall have the right, at such holder’s sole discretion, to convert all or any portion of the preferred shares into ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis at any time.
F-15
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES (CONTINUED)
Redemption
The holder of Preferred Shares shall have the right to redeem if the Qualified IPO has not been consummated by the 24th month from the closing of issuance of the Preferred Shares. A Qualified IPO is defined as a firm commitment underwritten public offering of the ordinary shares of the Company on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange, Shenzhen Stock Exchange or other internationally accepted stock exchange approved by the Sole Director, or a merger with a SPAC as a means of going public.
Liquidation preference
In the event of any liquidation, including deemed liquidation event, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, the holder of Preferred Shares shall firstly be entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, for each outstanding Preferred Shares held, the higher of the following two amounts: (1) an amount equal to 100% of the Preferred Shares Issue Price, plus (a) an annual simple interest of eight percent (8%) accrued on the Preferred Shares Issue Price (calculated commencing from the date of the Closing until the date when such Liquidation Event completes, and calculated on a pro-rata basis in the case of a partial year, on a basis of 365 days a year) and (b) all declared but unpaid dividends, or (2) the amount of the assets and funds of the Company that the holder of Preferred Shares are entitled to receive based on their shareholding percentage of the Company upon the conversion of Preferred Shares into Ordinary Shares.
A deemed liquidation event shall include 1) any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or share sale involving the Company with or into any other Person or other reorganization in which more than fifty percent (50%) of the Company’s voting power immediately after such consolidation, merger, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or reorganization, or any transaction or series of related transactions to which the Company is a party in which in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the Company’s voting power, is transferred, 2) a sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (or any series of related transactions resulting in such sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company), and 3) a sale, transfer, exclusive licensing or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s Intellectual Property to a third party (other than the software license during the ordinary course of business).
Voting rights
The holders of all convertible redeemable preferred shares and ordinary shares shall vote together based on their shareholding ratio.
Accounting for the Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares
The Company has classified the convertible redeemable preferred shares as mezzanine equity as these preferred shares are contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of an event not solely within the control of the Company. The issuance of the convertible redeemable preferred shares is recognized at issuance price at the date of issuance net of issuance costs. The Company did not incur issuance cost in relation to the issuance of preferred shares. In addition, the Company accretes changes in the redemption value of the convertible redeemable preferred shares based on the issuance price plus a pre-determined annualized return set forth in the agreement. The change in redemption value is recorded against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, against additional paid-in capital. Once additional paid-in capital has been exhausted, additional charges are recorded by increasing the accumulated deficit.
The Company has determined that there was no embedded derivative to be bifurcated and no beneficial conversion feature attributable to all of series preferred shares because the initial effective conversion price of these preferred shares were higher than the fair value of the Company’s common shares at the commitment date determined by the Company taking into account independent valuations.
F-16
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
9. EQUITY
Common stocks
Ableview Cayman’s authorized share capital is 500,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share. On August 1, 2019, Ableview Cayman issued 1,050,000 ordinary shares, which issuance was considered as being part of the reorganization of the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, Ableview Cayman cancelled 50,000 ordinary shares previously issued to its share-based compensation platform.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding common stocks of 1,000,000.
Declaration of dividends
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not declare dividends. In the same period, the Company paid dividends of $57,402, in the form of purchasing insurance policies, to three shareholders.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Able View declared dividends aggregating $8,688,985. In the same period, Able View paid dividends of $190,315 to their shareholders. In addition, two shareholders of Able View designated an aggregation of $6,759,922 out of dividends payable due to these two shareholders as amount due to an entity controlled by one of the two shareholders.
As of June 30, 2023, the Company had declared but unpaid dividends of $16,709,692, among which $15,707,219 was due to shareholders whose holding of beneficiary shares exceeded 5% (Note 11). As of December 31, 2022, the Company had declared but unpaid dividends of $16,841,910, among which $15,834,965 was due to shareholders whose holding of beneficiary shares exceeded 5% (Note 11).
According to PRC laws and regulations, after-tax profit can be distributed after a portion of net income has been set aside to fund certain reserve funds.
The board of directors will have the discretion to declare and pay dividends in the future, subject to applicable PRC regulations and Hong Kong regulations and restrictions. Payment of dividends in the future will depend upon our earnings, capital requirements, and other factors, which our board of directors may deem relevant.
Restricted net assets
The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by PRC subsidiaries only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations and after it has met the PRC requirements for appropriation to statutory reserves. Paid-in capital of the PRC subsidiaries included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated net assets are also non-distributable for dividend purposes. The results of income reflected in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries. The Company is required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. In addition, the Company may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
The statutory reserve is required to set aside annually. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s PRC profit generating subsidiaries had statutory reserve funds of $22,658 and $22,658 as one of the PRC subsidiaries generated profits in the year ended December 31, 2022.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had net restricted assets of $869,535, which represented paid-in capital that is included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated net assets.
F-17
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company has determined that its convertible redeemable preferred shares are participating securities as the preferred shares participate in undistributed earnings on an as-if-converted basis. The holders of the preferred shares are entitled to receive dividends on a pro rata basis, as if their shares had been converted into ordinary shares. Accordingly, the Company uses the two-class method of computing net income per share, for ordinary shares and preferred shares according to the participation rights in undistributed earnings.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding convertible redeemable preferred shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net earnings per ordinary share, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive for the periods prescribed.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Able View Inc. | $ | 5,648,757 | 3,906,347 | |||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | (120,000 | ) | (15,781 | ) | ||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s preferred shareholders | (85,728 | ) | (57,496 | ) | ||||
| Net Income Attributable to Able View Inc’s Ordinary Shareholders | $ | 5,443,029 | $ | 3,833,070 | ||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||
| Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding – basic and dilutive | 1,000,000 | 1,050,000 | ||||||
| Earnings per share | ||||||||
| Earnings per share – basic and dilutive | $ | 5.44 | $ | 3.65 | ||||
F-18
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
1) Nature of relationships with related parties
The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company, with which the Company entered into transactions during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, or recorded balances as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
| Name | Relationship with the Company | |
| Mr. Zhu Jian | Chief Executive Officer and, Director and 66.16% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Wang Jun | 14.77% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Tang Jing | Chief Financial Officer and 5.71% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Tang Yuhua | An immediate family member of Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Mr. Wang Jixiang | An immediate family member of Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Healthy Great Investing Company Limited (“Healthy Great”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Zhu Jian | |
| Smartest Star Investing Company Limited (“Smartest Star”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Scenery Investing Company Limited (“Scenery”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Skinist Global Company Limited (“Skinist Global”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Skinist Global Cosmetics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Skinist Shanghai”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Jingqi Developing Co., Ltd. (“Jingqi”) | Company controlled by Mr. Zhu Jian | |
| Shanghai Jingrong Information Co., Ltd. (“Jingrong”) | Company controlled by Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Merit Zone Development Limited (“Merit Zone”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun before January 1, 2023. Mr. Wang Jun transferred the equity interest in Merit Zone in January 2023. | |
| Shanghai Jiantong Trade Center (“Jian Tong”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Shilin Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Shi Lin”) | Company controlled by Ms. Pan Yue, a supervisor of Weitong, a subsidiary of the Company | |
| Shanghai Tengxin Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Teng Xin”) | Company controlled by Ms. Pan Yue, a supervisor of Weitong, a subsidiary of the Company | |
| Shanghai Zhiwang Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (“Zhiwang”) | Company controlled by Ms. Mu Xuemei, a director of the Company | |
| Shanghai Yuancheng Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Yuancheng”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun |
F-19
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
2) Transactions with related parties
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Sales of products to related parties | ||||||||
| Merit Zone | $ | - | $ | 10,608 | ||||
| Rental expenses charged by related parties | ||||||||
| Jingqi (1) | $ | 13,218 | $ | 73,307 | ||||
| Skinist Shanghai | - | 36,479 | ||||||
| $ | 13,218 | $ | 109,786 | |||||
| Service fees charged by related parties | ||||||||
| Jingqi | $ | 2,139 | 11,799 | |||||
| Jingrong | 43,301 | - | ||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | - | 5,900 | ||||||
| $ | 45,440 | $ | 17,699 | |||||
| Payment of dividends | ||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian | 19,134 | 132,814 | ||||||
| Mr. Wang Jun | 19,134 | 38,334 | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Jing | 19,134 | 19,167 | ||||||
| $ | 57,402 | $ | 190,315 | |||||
(Advances to) Collection of advances from related parties
| For the Six Months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Advances | Collection of advances | Advances | Collection of advances | |||||||||||||
| Skinist Global | $ | (1,673,674 | ) | $ | 1,465,822 | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||
| Jingqi | (163,100 | ) | - | (90,294 | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | (48,962 | ) | 271,148 | - | - | |||||||||||
| Zhiwang | - | - | - | 140,452 | ||||||||||||
| Jingrong | - | - | - | 30,868 | ||||||||||||
| $ | (1,885,736 | ) | $ | 1,736,970 | $ | (90,294 | ) | $ | 171,320 | |||||||
F-20
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
2) Transactions with related parties (continued)
Borrowings from (Repayment of Borrowings to) related parties
| For the Six Months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | Repayments | Borrowings | Repayments | |||||||||||||
| Skinist Global (2) | $ | 1,944,020 | $ | - | $ | 3,418,094 | $ | (8,941,184 | ) | |||||||
| Yuancheng (2) | 1,443,356 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Teng Xin (2) | 216,503 | (216,503 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||
| Shi Lin (2) | 379,602 | (2,025,461 | ) | 4,645,707 | (2,350,635 | ) | ||||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian (2) | - | (1,443,356 | ) | - | (237,379 | ) | ||||||||||
| Mr. Tang Yuhua (2) | 1,563,154 | (526,825 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||
| Mr. Wang Jixiang (2) | 288,672 | - | 617,370 | - | ||||||||||||
| $ | 5,835,307 | $ | (4,212,145 | ) | $ | 8,681,171 | $ | (11,529,198 | ) | |||||||
| (1) | In March 2021, the Company extended the office sub-lease agreement to February 2023. Jingqi charges the Company a monthly rental fee of approximately $12,887 and a monthly property management fee of approximately $2,085. |
| (2) | During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company borrowed $5,835,307 and $8,681,171 from six and three related parties, respectively. The borrowings were interest free, and outstanding loans are repayable within twelve months from borrowings. |
3) Balances with related parties
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balances with related parties were as follows:
- Due from related parties
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Skinist Global | $ | 193,184 | $ | 24,102 | ||||
| Merit Zone | - | 1,651,649 | ||||||
| 193,184 | 1,675,751 | |||||||
| Prepayments | ||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | 225,764 | - | ||||||
| 225,764 | - | |||||||
| Other receivable (1) | ||||||||
| Jingrong | 1,826 | 1,920 | ||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | 13,791 | 237,686 | ||||||
| Skinist Global | 324,165 | 116,749 | ||||||
| Jingqi | 1,100,026 | 1,021,345 | ||||||
| 1,439,808 | 1,377,700 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 1,858,756 | $ | 3,053,451 | ||||
| (1) | As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the other receivables due from related parties represented the administrative expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the related parties. The balances were interest free and were receivable on demand. |
F-21
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
3) Balances with related parties (continued)
- Due to related parties
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Dividends payable | ||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian (1) | $ | - | $ | 6,940,190 | ||||
| Mr. Wang Jun (1) | - | 1,340,268 | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Jing (1) | - | 1,024,440 | ||||||
| - | 9,304,898 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | - | 75,231 | ||||||
| Total | $ | - | $ | 9,380,129 | ||||
- Due to related parties, non-current
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Dividends payable | ||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian (1) | $ | 5,751,439 | $ | - | ||||
| Mr. Wang Jun (1) | 2,453,964 | - | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Jing (1) | 1,000,749 | - | ||||||
| Healthy Great (2) | 4,964,343 | 4,986,487 | ||||||
| Smartest Star (2) | 1,108,273 | 1,113,217 | ||||||
| Scenery (2) | 428,452 | 430,363 | ||||||
| 15,707,220 | 6,530,067 | |||||||
| Other payable (3) | ||||||||
| Shi Lin | 3,395,471 | 5,223,073 | ||||||
| Jian Tong | 2,647,801 | 2,783,738 | ||||||
| Skinist Global | 1,944,789 | - | ||||||
| Yuancheng | 1,379,063 | - | ||||||
| Jingrong | 41,372 | - | ||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian | - | 1,449,864 | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Yuhua | 3,238,040 | 2,363,278 | ||||||
| Mr. Wang Jixiang | 275,812 | - | ||||||
| 12,922,348 | 11,819,953 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 28,629,568 | $ | 18,350,020 | ||||
| (1) | As of December 31, 2022, the dividends payable represented the declared but unpaid dividends to the shareholders. The dividends payable was expected to be paid during the year ending December 31, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the shareholders agreed to extend the payments of dividends to January 2025 and the Company classified the balance to “due to related parties, non-current”. |
F-22
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
3) Balances with related parties (continued)
| (2) | For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Healthy Great and Smartest Star designated $4,750,174 and $2,009,749, respectively, out of dividends payable due to these two shareholders as amount due to Skinist Global, which was controlled by Mr. Wang Jun. The dividends payable is expected to be paid in January 2025. |
| (3) | As of June 30, 2023, the other payables represented borrowings were interest free and repayable before January 2025. |
12. CONCENTRATION
Customer concentration
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the following customers contributed revenues that were over 10% of total net revenues for the relevant periods. Customers accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues were as follows:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Customer A | 22 | % | 35 | % | ||||
| Customer B | * | 17 | % | |||||
| Customer C | 29 | % | 15 | % | ||||
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts receivable due from the following customers were over 10% of consolidated accounts receivable. The details are as follows:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Customer A | 28 | % | 60 | % | ||||
| Customer B | * | 14 | % | |||||
| Customer C | 29 | % | 17 | % | ||||
F-23
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. CONCENTRATION (CONTINUED)
Vendor concentration
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company purchased products from the following suppliers who charged over 10% of total cost of revenues for the relevant period. Suppliers accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s cost of revenues were as follows:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Vendor A | 38 | % | 31 | % | ||||
| Vendor B | * | 17 | % | |||||
| Vendor C | 35 | % | 16 | % | ||||
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts payable due to the following suppliers were over 10% of consolidated accounts payable. The details are as follows:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Vendor D | * | 47 | % | |||||
| Vendor E | * | 11 | % | |||||
| Vendor F | 32 | % | 19 | % | ||||
| Vendor G | 32 | % | * | |||||
| Vendor H | 24 | % | * | |||||
| * | Less than 10% |
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of income or liquidity.
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has completed its previously announced business combination with Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp. (Nasdaq: HMAC) (“HMAC”), a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company. The business combination was approved at an extraordinary general meeting of HMAC’s shareholders on August 2, 2023. Upon the closing of the business combination, HMAC and Able View Inc. each becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Able View Global Inc (“Able View”). Beginning August 18, 2023, Able View’s Class B ordinary shares and warrants will trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbols “ABLV” and “ABLVW,” respectively.
F-24
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Able View Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Able View Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019
New York, New York
April 28, 2023
NEW YORK OFFICE ● 7
Penn Plaza ● Suite 830 ● New York, New York ● 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 ● Fax 646.349.5200 ● www.marcumasia.com
F-25
ABLE VIEW INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,773,380 | $ | 6,719,980 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 21,138,144 | 10,413,421 | ||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 3,487,772 | 7,640,844 | ||||||
| Amount due from related parties | 3,053,451 | 408,960 | ||||||
| Inventories | 18,678,648 | 9,984,597 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 52,131,395 | 35,167,802 | ||||||
| Non-current Assets | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 686,380 | 407,960 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 374,005 | 276,153 | ||||||
| Right of use assets | 175,004 | — | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 1,254,547 | 714,211 | ||||||
| Total Non-current Assets | 2,489,936 | 1,398,324 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 54,621,331 | $ | 36,566,126 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Short-term loans | $ | 15,685,674 | $ | 3,556,088 | ||||
| Accounts payable | 841,647 | 3,215,758 | ||||||
| Advance from customers | 219,431 | 2,022,313 | ||||||
| Income tax payable | 2,315,764 | 1,446,087 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities | 299,461 | — | ||||||
| Other payable and accrued expenses | 1,978,440 | 701,096 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties | 9,380,129 | 16,591,738 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities | 30,720,546 | 27,533,080 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, noncurrent | 19,394 | — | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties, non-current | 18,350,020 | |||||||
| Total Liabilities | 49,089,960 | 27,533,080 | ||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies | ||||||||
| Mezzanine Equity (Aggregate liquidation preference of $3,135,781 as of December 31, 2022) | ||||||||
| Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares (par value $0.0001 per share, 15,750 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively) | 3,135,781 | — | ||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock ($0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively) | 100 | 105 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 2,369,435 | 869,430 | ||||||
| Statutory reserve | 22,658 | — | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 7,540 | 8,455,252 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (4,143 | ) | (291,741 | ) | ||||
| Total Shareholders’ Equity | 2,395,590 | 9,033,046 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 54,621,331 | $ | 36,566,126 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-26
ABLE VIEW INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||
| - Product sales to third parties | $ | 143,138,571 | $ | 116,880,595 | ||||
| - Product sales to related parties | 2,117,685 | 441,433 | ||||||
| Total revenue | 145,256,256 | 117,322,028 | ||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||
| - Product sales to third parties | (110,625,125 | ) | (90,483,937 | ) | ||||
| - Product sales to related parties | (2,093,584 | ) | (441,322 | ) | ||||
| Total cost of revenue | (112,718,709 | ) | (90,925,259 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 32,537,547 | 26,396,769 | ||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | (18,283,260 | ) | (12,606,810 | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | (4,111,399 | ) | (2,646,910 | ) | ||||
| Total operating expenses | (22,394,659 | ) | (15,253,720 | ) | ||||
| Income from operations | 10,142,888 | 11,143,049 | ||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | ||||||||
| Interest expenses, net | (612,554 | ) | (787,528 | ) | ||||
| Other income | 351,347 | 15,057 | ||||||
| Foreign currency exchange loss | (508,845 | ) | (314,183 | ) | ||||
| Total other (expenses) income, net | (770,052 | ) | (1,086,654 | ) | ||||
| Income before income taxes | 9,372,836 | 10,056,395 | ||||||
| Income tax expenses | (1,469,225 | ) | (1,360,611 | ) | ||||
| Net income | 7,903,611 | 8,695,784 | ||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | (135,781 | ) | — | |||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s preferred shareholders | (120,446 | ) | — | |||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s ordinary shareholders | $ | 7,647,384 | $ | 8,695,784 | ||||
| Net income | $ | 7,903,611 | $ | 8,695,784 | ||||
| Other comprehensive income (expenses) | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 287,598 | (342,181 | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive income | 8,191,209 | 8,353,603 | ||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | (135,781 | ) | — | |||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s preferred shareholders | (120,446 | ) | — | |||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Able View Inc’s ordinary shareholders | $ | 7,934,982 | $ | 8,353,603 | ||||
| Earnings per share – basic and diluted | $ | 7.65 | $ | 8.70 | ||||
| Dividends per share – basic and diluted | $ | 16.19 | $ | 7.06 | ||||
| Weighted average shares – basic and diluted | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-27
ABLE VIEW INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Additional | other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of stock | Amount | paid-in capital | Statutory reserve | Retained earnings | comprehensive (loss) income | Total’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | 1,050,000 | $ | 105 | $ | 869,430 | $ | — | $ | 6,818,739 | $ | 50,440 | $ | 7,738,714 | |||||||||||||||
| Declaration of dividends | — | — | — | — | (7,059,271 | ) | — | (7,059,271 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 8,695,784 | — | 8,695,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | (342,181 | ) | (342,181 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 1,050,000 | $ | 105 | $ | 869,430 | — | $ | 8,455,252 | $ | (291,741 | ) | $ | 9,033,046 | |||||||||||||||
| Cancellation of common stocks issued to share-based payment platform | (50,000 | ) | (5 | ) | 5 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution from shareholders | — | — | 1,500,000 | — | — | — | 1,500,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Declaration of dividends | — | — | — | — | (16,192,884 | ) | — | (16,192,884 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Appropriation of statutory reserve | — | — | — | 22,658 | (22,658 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | — | — | — | — | (135,781 | ) | — | (135,781 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 7,903,611 | — | 7,903,611 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | 287,598 | 287,598 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 1,000,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,369,435 | $ | 22,658 | $ | 7,540 | $ | (4,143 | ) | $ | 2,395,590 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-28
ABLE VIEW INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | 7,903,611 | $ | 8,695,784 | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation expenses | 131,101 | 125,603 | ||||||
| Provision against inventories | 31,202 | — | ||||||
| Deferred income tax benefits | (609,512 | ) | (705,555 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of right of use assets | 286,449 | — | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (10,936,029 | ) | (5,155,799 | ) | ||||
| Prepayment and other current assets | 4,122,329 | (6,424,991 | ) | |||||
| Amount due from related parties | (1,406,704 | ) | (134,935 | ) | ||||
| Inventories | (8,945,410 | ) | (4,019,788 | ) | ||||
| Other non-current assets | (299,514 | ) | (342,203 | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | (2,321,724 | ) | 2,924,629 | |||||
| Advance from customers | (1,795,432 | ) | 1,890,134 | |||||
| Income tax payable | 871,252 | 995,780 | ||||||
| Lease liabilities | (139,002 | ) | — | |||||
| Other payable and accrued expenses | 274,350 | 262,329 | ||||||
| Amount due to related parties, current | (16,660 | ) | (8,978 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in by operating activities | (12,849,693 | ) | (1,897,990 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (195,640 | ) | (174,900 | ) | ||||
| Advances to a related party | (2,610,257 | ) | (141,068 | ) | ||||
| Collection of advances from a related party | 1,698,618 | 369,087 | ||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (1,107,279 | ) | 53,119 | |||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term borrowings | 85,538,493 | 34,534,300 | ||||||
| Repayments of short-term borrowings | (73,220,207 | ) | (34,292,971 | ) | ||||
| Borrowings from related parties | 18,299,426 | 35,313,591 | ||||||
| Repayment of short-term borrowings to related parties | (15,002,115 | ) | (28,270,093 | ) | ||||
| Payment of offering costs | (225,376 | ) | (148,967 | ) | ||||
| Payments of dividends to shareholders | (6,946,154 | ) | (2,631,003 | ) | ||||
| Capital contribution from shareholders | 1,500,000 | — | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares | 3,000,000 | — | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 12,944,067 | 4,504,857 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 66,305 | (248,242 | ) | |||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (946,600 | ) | 2,441,744 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 6,719,980 | 4,308,236 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 5,773,380 | $ | 6,719,980 | ||||
| Supplemental cash flow information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest expense | $ | 619,536 | $ | 787,767 | ||||
| Cash paid for income tax | $ | 1,207,485 | $ | 1,070,386 | ||||
| Noncash financing activities | ||||||||
| Declared but unpaid dividends | $ | 16,192,884 | $ | 7,059,271 | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 272,600 | $ | — | ||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | $ | 135,781 | $ | — | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-29
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Able View Inc. (“Ableview Cayman”) was incorporated on January 21, 2021 under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability.
Ableview Cayman owns 100% of the equity interests of Ableview Capital Group Ltd (“Ableview BVI”), an entity incorporated under the laws of British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on February 10, 2021.
On October 11, 2022 and October 12, 2022, Ableview Cayman setup both Able View Global Inc. (“Pubco”) and Able View Corporation Inc. (“Merger Sub”) under the laws of the Cayman Islands as a exempted companies with limited liability. Ableview Cayman owned 100% of the equity interests of Pubco and Merger Sub.
Ableview BVI owns 100% of the equity interests of Ableview Brands Limited (“Ableview Brands”), Ableview Management Limited (“Ableview Management”), and CSS Cosmetics (Hong Kong) Limited (“CSS HK”), all are business companies incorporated in accordance with the laws and regulations of Hong Kong on February 25, 2021, May 25, 2021 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
On April 1, 2021 and November 16, 2022, Ableview Brands established Shanghai Jingyue Trading Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jingyue”) and Shanghai Jingnan Medicial Appliances Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jingnan”), a wholly owned subsidiary in China. On January 11, 2022, Ableview Management established CSS Cosmetics (Shanghai) Limited (“CSS Shanghai”), a wholly owned subsidiary in China.
Ableview Management acquired Shanghai Jinglu Trading Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jinglu”), and Beijing Jingyuan Trading Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Jingyuan”) from shareholders of Ableview Cayman, and such acquisition was accounted for as acquisition under common control. Shanghai Jinglu and Beijing Jingyuan were setup in China on November 24, 2020 and October 14, 2020, respectively.
Ableview Investment Limited (“Ableview Investment”) was incorporated on October 23, 2019 under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. The Company commenced operations on November 18, 2015, through its subsidiaries, Able View Enterprise Limited (“Able View”) and its wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Weitong Trading Co., Ltd. (“Weitong”). Able View is a limited liability company, which was registered and established under the laws of the Hong Kong on November 18, 2015. The PRC operating company, Weitong was incorporated as a PRC entity pursuant to PRC law on May 28, 2015 by two former shareholders. On November 21, 2017, Able View entered into a share transfer agreement with the former shareholders to acquire 100% of the equity interest of Weitong. Pursuant to the share transfer agreement, the closing date was November 21, 2017.
| Reorganization |
On April 28, 2022, Ableview Cayman entered into an equity transfer agreement with Ableview Investment and the shareholders of Ableview Investment. Pursuant to the equity transfer agreement, each of the shareholders of Ableview Investment transferred to Ableview Cayman their respective equity interests in Ableview Investment (“Equity Transfer”). Because the shareholders of Ableview Cayman and Able View Investment are of the same group, the Equity Transfer was agreed at nil consideration. Upon completion of the Equity Transfer, Ableview Investment became a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Ableview Cayman.
On April 28, 2022, Ableview Cayman completed the reorganization of entities under common control of its then existing shareholders, who collectively owned 100% of the equity interests of Ableview Investment prior to the reorganization. Ableview Cayman, Ableview BVI, Ableview Brands, and Ableview Management were established as holding companies of Ableview Investment and its subsidiaries, and all of these entities are under common control which results in the consolidation of Ableview Investment and its subsidiaries, which have been accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control at carrying value.
The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis as if the reorganization became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Ableview Cayman, Ableview BVI, Ableview Brands, Ableview Management and Ableview Investment and its subsidiaries (herein collectively referred to as the “Company”) are engaged in importing and selling cosmetics and other beauty products to E-commerce platforms and distributor customers.
F-30
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
(b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly and majority owned subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
(c) Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts, valuation of deferred tax assets, and other provisions and contingencies.
(d) Foreign currency translation
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates on the date of the balance sheet.
The reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is U.S. dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$.
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$, are translated into US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of shareholders’ equity.
Translation of amounts from HKD and RMB into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| HKD exchange rate for balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | 7.8015 | 7.7996 | ||||||
| RMB exchange rate for balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | 6.8972 | 6.3726 | ||||||
F-31
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| HKD exchange rate for items in the statements of income and comprehensive income, and statements of cash flows | 7.8306 | 7.7727 | ||||||
| RMB exchange rate for items in the statements of income and comprehensive income, and statements of cash flows | 6.7290 | 6.4508 | ||||||
No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.
(e) Fair value of financial instruments
The Company’s financial instruments are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
| Level 1 — | inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| Level 2 — | inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. |
| Level 3 — | inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. |
The Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
(f) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdraw and use.
(g) Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded at the gross amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company determined no allowances for doubtful accounts were necessary for accounts receivable.
(h) Inventories
Inventories, consisting of cosmetics and other beauty products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to the estimated net realizable value due to damaged goods and slow-moving merchandise, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Company takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company wrote down inventories of $31,202 and $nil due to obsolescence.
F-32
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
(i) Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment primarily consist of office equipment, vehicles and leasehold improvements. Office equipment and vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less any provision required for impairment in value. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method with no residual value based on the estimated useful lives as follows:
| Office equipment | 3 – 5 years | |
| Vehicle | 3 – 5 years | |
| Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the remaining lease terms and the estimated 3 years |
Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of income.
(j) Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(k) Revenue recognition
The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) on January 1, 2017, using the modified retrospective approach. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.
In accordance with ASC 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised products is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products. The Company also evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales. When the Company is a principal, and the Company obtains control of the specified goods before they are transferred to the customers, the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the specified goods transferred. Revenues are recorded net of value-added taxes.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company generated revenues primarily from selling cosmetics and other beauty products. The Company identifies a single performance obligation from contracts which is the sales of cosmetics and other beauty products. The Company recognizes the product revenues on a gross basis as the Company is acting as a principal in these transactions and is responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods, subject to inventory risks and has the discretion in establishing prices. Payments received in advance from customers are recorded as “advance from customers” in the consolidated balance sheets. Advance from customers is recognized as revenue when the Company delivers the goods to its customers. In cases where transaction prices are collected after the sales, revenue and accounts receivable are recognized upon delivery of products to the customers.
The Company recognizes revenues net of return allowances and consideration payable to customers when the products are delivered and title is passed to customers. Significant judgement is required to estimate return allowances. For sales with return conditions, the Company reasonably estimates the possibility of return based on the historical experience, changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the amount of net revenues recognized. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not record return allowance because the Company historically incurred minimal returns from customers and the Company did not expect a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue.
F-33
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
(l) Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consists of purchase price of products, inbound shipping charges and write-downs of inventories. Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of the products to the customers.
(m) Selling and marketing expenses
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising and marketing costs, warehouse rental expenses, outbound shipping expenses and payroll and related expenses for employees involved in selling and marketing activities.
Advertising and marketing costs, which consist primarily of online advertising, offline television, movie and outdoor advertising, and incentive programs and branding promotion for the Company’s cosmetics products to attract or retain consumers, are expensed as incurred, and totaled $8,703,392 and $5,355,338 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Outbound shipping charges were shipping and freight expenses in connection with sales of products, and were expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred outbound shipping expenses of $3,320,485 and $2,773,977, respectively.
(n) General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee related expenses for administrative functions, including accounting, finance, tax, legal and human relations; costs associated with these functions including facilities and equipment depreciation expenses, rental and other general corporate related expenses.
(o) Employee benefits
The full-time employees of the Company are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, housing fund, pension benefits, unemployment insurance and other welfare, which are government mandated defined contribution plans. The Company is required to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ respective salaries, subject to certain ceilings, in accordance with the relevant PRC regulations, and make cash contributions to the state-sponsored plans out of the amounts accrued. Total expenses for the plans were $437,880 and $367,215 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In addition to the above government mandated defined contribution plans, the Company has no further obligations to employee benefits.
(p) Value-added tax
The Company is subject to value added tax (“VAT”) and related surcharges on the revenues earned for products sold in the PRC. The applicable rate of value added tax is 6%. The related surcharges for revenues derived from sales of products are deducted from gross receipts to arrive at net revenues.
(q) Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the U.S. GAAP for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method as required by this accounting standard, the recognition of deferred income tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the income tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Provision for income taxes consists of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes.
F-34
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
The charge for taxation is based on the results for the year as adjusted for items which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is more likely than not these items will be utilized against taxable income in the future. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. As of December 31, 2022, income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2021 remain open for statutory examination.
(r) Operating leases
The Company adopted the ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2022, using a modified retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard to leases existing at, or entered after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements.
The Company leases its offices, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Operating leases are required to record in the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients, which allows the Company not to reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company elected the short-term lease exemption as the lease terms are 12 months or less.
At the commencement date, the Company recognizes the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease.
The right-of-use asset is recognized initially at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. There was no impairment for right-of-use lease assets as of December 31, 2022.
(s) Comprehensive income
A Comprehensive income includes net income and other comprehensive income arising from foreign currency adjustments. Comprehensive income is reported in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
(t) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to the holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during period presented. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to the holders of ordinary shares as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary share equivalents, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the period. However, ordinary share equivalents are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.
F-35
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
(u) Commitments and contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations and tax matters. In accordance with ASC No. 450, the Company records accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.
(v) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), which is comprised of certain members of the Company’s management team. Consequently, the Company has determined that it has only one reportable operating segment.
(w) Recently issued accounting standards
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) provides that an emerging growth company (“EGC”) as defined therein can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an EGC to delay adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Group qualifies as an EGC as of December 31, 2021 and has elected to apply the extended transition period.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. This ASU requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of the Company’s portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements. The effective date was for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, for public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer and eligible to be Smaller Reporting Companies, or SRC, as defined by the SEC and all non-public business entities. As a nonpublic company, the Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period provided in the Securities Act Section 7(a)(2)(B) for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to private companies. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 and its related amendments effective January 1, 2023, and the Company evaluated that it have no material impact on its the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.
The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on its the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.
(x) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. The ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of ASU 2020-06 on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
F-36
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
(y) Significant risks and uncertainties
1) Credit risk
Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and amounts due from related parties. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amount as at the balance sheet dates. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held cash and cash equivalents of $5,773,380, among which $3,670,492 were deposited in financial institutions located in Hong Kong, and $2,075,329 were deposited in financial institutions located in Mainland China. Each bank account in Mainland China is insured by the government authority with the maximum limit of RMB 500,000 (equivalent to approximately $72,500), while the bank accounts in Hong Kong, are not insured. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily place cash and cash equivalent deposits with large financial institutions in the PRC and Hong Kong which management believes are of high credit quality and the Company also continually monitors their credit worthiness.
The risk with respect to accounts receivable and amounts due from related parties is mitigated by credit evaluations the Company performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring processes of outstanding balances.
Most of the Company’s operations are carried out in Hong Kong, while partial of the Company’s business is conducted in mainland China. As mainland China government has exerted more oversight in Hong Kong, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of income may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC as well as by the general state of the PRC’s economy. In addition, the Company’s business may be influenced by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation among other factors.
2) Foreign currency risk
Substantially all of the Company’s operating activities and the Company’s assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the Peoples’ Bank of China (“PBOC”) or other authorized financial institutions at exchange rates quoted by PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices and signed contracts. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market.
3) Other risk
While the outbreak of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has come under control in the PRC since the second quarter of 2020, there was a significant rise in COVID-19 cases, including the COVID-19 Delta and Omicron variant cases, in various cities in China in early 2022. The local governments of the affected cities, including Shanghai, have reinstated certain COVID-related measures, including travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders. The Company is headquartered in Shanghai, and advised all employees to work from home from late March through June 2022, as such the Company was able to continue servicing its customers with minimum interruption. Although the strict movement restrictions were imposed by the government, the Company has managed to deliver its products as agreed. In addition, all of the Company’s employees are well equipped and prepared for the remote work situations even before the outbreak. The Company generates a vast majority of its revenues from sales of products because its customers, which are mainly reputable marketplaces, who generate increasing online orders from end consumers. The Company believes currently it is not adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19.
F-37
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
In December 2022, China lifted most of its travel restrictions and quarantine requirements. There were surges of cases in many cities in the fourth quarter of 2022, which to some extent caused disruption to our operations. However, the Company’s business could continue being impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19. The Company’s offices are located in Shanghai China, where any outbreak of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments could have a negative impact on the Company’s business operations.
3. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepayments and other current assets consist of the following:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Prepayments to suppliers(a) | $ | 1,295,356 | $ | 5,661,596 | ||||
| Prepaid marketing and advertising expenses(b) | 1,525,715 | 1,760,770 | ||||||
| Deferred offering costs(c) | 374,633 | 148,453 | ||||||
| Tax recoverable | 290,590 | 61,670 | ||||||
| Others | 1,479 | 8,355 | ||||||
| $ | 3,487,772 | $ | 7,640,844 | |||||
| (a) | The balances represented advances to suppliers for purchase of cosmetics and other beauty products. |
| (b) | The balances represented advances for purchase of online advertising services, which was generally amortized to selling and marketing expenses within three months. |
| (c) | The balances represented the expenses directly related to the initial public offerings, which would be a reduction against additional paid-in capital from proceeds of initial public offering. |
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Vehicles | $ | 454,589 | $ | 285,765 | ||||
| Office equipment | 273,240 | 234,905 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvement | 118,132 | 127,856 | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (471,956 | ) | (372,373 | ) | ||||
| $ | 374,005 | $ | 276,153 | |||||
Depreciation expense was and $131,101 and $125,603 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
5. SHORT-TERM LOANS
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Short-term loans from financial institutions | $ | 9,231,133 | $ | 3,085,323 | ||||
| Short-term loans from a bank | 6,454,541 | 470,765 | ||||||
| $ | 15,685,674 | $ | 3,556,088 | |||||
Short-term loans from financial institutions
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company entered into certain loan agreements with three financial institutions, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $28,481,174 and $34,070,636 from these financial institutions with maturity dates due through December 31, 2023. The borrowings bore interest rates ranging between 6.0% and 12.3% per annum. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company repaid borrowings of $22,146,119 and $34,292,971, respectively.
F-38
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5. SHORT-TERM LOANS (cont.)
Short-term loans from a bank
In March 31, 2021, the Company entered into a one-year bank loan agreement with one bank pursuant to which the Company borrowed $463,664 with interest rate of 5.5% per annum. In March 2022, the Company repaid the bank loan of $445,831.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company entered into one loan agreement with another bank, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $57,057,319 with maturity dates due through May 2023. The borrowing bore interest rates of 3.5% per annum. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repaid borrowings of $50,628,257. The short-term loans were pledged by the accounts receivables due from customers.
6. OPERATING LEASE
As of December 31, 2022, the Company leases office spaces in the PRC under non-cancelable operating leases, with terms ranging between 16.5 months and 36.5 months. The Company considers those renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of the lease term and initial measurement of right of use assets and lease liabilities. Lease expense for lease payment is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of the leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Company discount lease payments based on an estimate of the incremental borrowing rate.
For operating leases that include rent holidays and rent escalation clauses, the Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term from the date it takes possession of the leased property. The Company records the straight-line lease expense and any contingent rent, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The corporate office lease also requires the Company to pay real estate taxes, common area maintenance costs and other occupancy costs which are included in the general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
For short-term leases, the Company records operating lease expense in its consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred.
The table below presents the operating lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Right of use assets | $ | 175,004 | $ | — | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | $ | 299,461 | $ | — | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | 19,394 | — | ||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 318,855 | $ | — | ||||
Other information about the Company’s leases is as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Operating cash flows used in operating leases | $ | 223,122 | — | |||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | 0.56 | — | ||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | 4.75 | % | — | |||||
Operating lease expenses were $430,963 and $293,488, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
F-39
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6. OPERATING LEASE (cont.)
The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022:
| December 31, 2022 | ||||
| For the year ending December 31, 2023 | 300,346 | |||
| For the year ending December 31, 2024 | 19,702 | |||
| Total lease payments | 320,048 | |||
| Less: Imputed interest | (1,193 | ) | ||
| Present value of lease liabilities | 318,855 | |||
7. INCOME TAXES
Hong Kong
Ableview Brands, Ableview Management, and Able View are incorporated in Hong Kong and is subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. The applicable tax rate for the first HKD$2 million of assessable profits is 8.25% and assessable profits above HKD$2 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong, effective from the year of assessment 2018/2019. Before that, the applicable tax rate was 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong.
| PRC |
Weitong, Beijing Jingyuan, Shanghai Jinglu, Shanghai Jingnan and CSS Shanghai are subject to PRC Corporate Income Tax (“CIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. Effective from January 1, 2008, the PRC’s statutory, Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) rate is 25%.
Beijing Jingyuan, Shanghai Jinglu, Shanghai Jingnan and CSS Shanghai are qualified as small and micro-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) from the year of 2022. In accordance with the implementation rules of EIT Law, SMEs are entitled to a reduced EIT rate of 20%, 87.5% reduction of taxable income for the first RMB1,000,000 taxable income and 75% reduction of taxable income between RMB 1,000,000 and RMB 3,000,000, and no reduction for the remaining taxable income for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The Components of the income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| PRC subsidiaries | (3,139,016 | ) | (2,840,089 | ) | ||||
| Hong Kong and Cayman subsidiaries | 12,511,852 | 12,896,484 | ||||||
| $ | 9,372,836 | $ | 10,056,395 | |||||
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the income tax expenses (benefits) were comprised of the following:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Current income tax expense | 2,078,737 | 2,066,166 | ||||||
| Deferred income tax benefit | (609,512 | ) | (705,555 | ) | ||||
| $ | 1,469,225 | $ | 1,360,611 | |||||
F-40
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7. INCOME TAXES (cont.)
Below is a reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Hong Kong statutory income tax rate | 16.5 | % | 16.5 | % | ||||
| Effect of different income tax rates in other jurisdictions | (2.7 | )% | (2.4 | )% | ||||
| Effect of non-includable items | 0.5 | % | (0.4 | )% | ||||
| Effect of preferential tax rates | 0.5 | % | (0.2 | )% | ||||
| Effect of non-deductible expenses | (0.1 | )% | 0.0 | % | ||||
| Effect of changes in valuation allowance | 1.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||||
| Effective tax rate | 15.7 | % | 13.5 | % | ||||
Deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of the following:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Net operating losses carryforwards | $ | 1,335,778 | $ | 714,210 | ||||
| Less: valuation allowance | (81,232 | ) | — | |||||
| $ | 1,254,546 | $ | 714,210 | |||||
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had net operating loss carrying forwards of $5,754,084 from the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, which will expire as of beginning December 31, 2026. The Company had no net operating loss carrying forwards from the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiaries. The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law. The Company reviews deferred tax assets for a valuation allowance based upon whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be fully realized. As of December 31, 2022, valuation allowance of $81,232 was provided against deferred tax assets arising from net operation losses carryforwards as the Company assessed that it was more likely than not that that the net operating losses would not be fully utilized before expiration. As of December 31, 2021, no valuation allowance was provided against deferred tax assets arising from net operation losses carryforwards.
The Company operates its business through its subsidiaries. The Company does not file consolidated tax returns, therefore, losses from individual subsidiaries may not be used to offset other subsidiaries’ earnings within the Company. Valuation allowance is considered on each individual subsidiary basis.
Uncertain tax positions
The Company evaluates the level of authority for each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not believe that its uncertain tax position will materially change over the next twelve months.
F-41
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES
On May 11, 2022, the Company closed an issuance of 15,750 Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Preferred Shares”) to a third party, at a per share price of $190.4762. The Company raised $3,000,000 from the issuance of Preferred Shares. The following table summarized the roll-forward of the carrying amount of the convertible redeemable preferred shares for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares | ||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | — | ||
| Issuance of preferred shares in exchange of cash | 3,000,000 | |||
| Accretion of preferred shares | 135,781 | |||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 3,135,781 | ||
The key terms of the Preferred Shares are as follows:
| Conversion |
The holder of Preferred Share shall have the right, at such holder’s sole discretion, to convert all or any portion of the preferred shares into ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis at any time. The conversion price is subject to adjustments in the events of i) share splits and combinations, ii) ordinary share dividends and distributions, iii) reorganizations, mergers, consolidations, reclassifications, exchanges, substitutions, and iv) other dividends.
| Redemption |
The holder of Preferred Shares shall have the right to redeem if the Qualified IPO has not been consummated by the 24th month from the closing of issuance of the Preferred Shares. A Qualified IPO is defined as a firm commitment underwritten public offering of the ordinary shares of the Company on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange, Shenzhen Stock Exchange or other internationally accepted stock exchange approved by the Sole Director, or a merger with a SPAC as a means of going public.
Liquidation preference
In the event of any liquidation, including deemed liquidation event, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, the holder of Preferred Shares shall firstly be entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, for each outstanding Preferred Shares held, the higher of the following two amounts: (1) an amount equal to 100% of the Preferred Shares Issue Price, plus (a) an annual simple interest of eight percent (8%) accrued on the Preferred Shares Issue Price (calculated commencing from the date of the Closing until the date when such Liquidation Event completes, and calculated on a pro-rata basis in the case of a partial year, on a basis of 365 days a year) and (b) all declared but unpaid dividends, or (2) the amount of the assets and funds of the Company that the holder of Preferred Shares are entitled to receive based on their shareholding percentage of the Company upon the conversion of Preferred Shares into Ordinary Shares.
A deemed liquidation event shall include 1) any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or share sale involving the Company with or into any other Person or other reorganization in which more than fifty percent (50%) of the Company’s voting power immediately after such consolidation, merger, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or reorganization, or any transaction or series of related transactions to which the Company is a party in which in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the Company’s voting power, is transferred, 2) a sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (or any series of related transactions resulting in such sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company), and 3) a sale, transfer, exclusive licensing or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s Intellectual Property to a third party (other than the software license during the ordinary course of business).
F-42
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES (cont.)
Voting rights
The holders of all convertible redeemable preferred shares and ordinary shares shall vote together based on their shareholding ratio.
Accounting for the Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares
The Company has classified the convertible redeemable preferred shares as mezzanine equity as these preferred shares are contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of an event not solely within the control of the Company. The issuance of the convertible redeemable preferred shares is recognized at issuance price at the date of issuance net of issuance costs. The Company did not incur issuance cost in relation to the issuance of preferred shares. In addition, the Company accretes changes in the redemption value of the convertible redeemable preferred shares based on the issuance price plus a pre-determined annualized return set forth in the agreement. The change in redemption value is recorded against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, against additional paid-in capital. Once additional paid-in capital has been exhausted, additional charges are recorded by increasing the accumulated deficit.
The Company has determined that there was no embedded derivative to be bifurcated and no beneficial conversion feature attributable to all of series preferred shares because the initial effective conversion price of these preferred shares were higher than the fair value of the Company’s common shares at the commitment date.
9. EQUITY
Ordinary shares
Ableview Cayman’s authorized share capital is 500,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share. On August 1, 2019, Ableview Cayman issued 1,050,000 ordinary shares, which issuance was considered as being part of the reorganization of the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, Ableview Cayman cancelled 50,000 ordinary shares previously issued to its share-based compensation platform.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, Ableview Cayman had outstanding ordinary shares of 1,000,000 and 1,050,000.
Declaration of dividends
For the year ended December 31, 2022, Ableview Brands and Able View declared dividends aggregating $16,192,884. In the same year, Able View paid dividends of $190,203 to their shareholders. In addition, two shareholders of Able View designated an aggregation of $6,755,952 out of dividends payable due to these two shareholders as amount due to an entity controlled by one of the two shareholders. Able View paid dividends of $6,755,952 to the related party (Note 11).
For the year ended December 31, 2021, Able View declared dividends of $7,059,271 and paid dividends of $2,631,003 to Able View’s shareholders.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had declared but unpaid dividends of $16,597,695, among which $15,590,750 was due to shareholders whose holding of beneficiary shares exceeded 5% (Note 11). As of December 31, 2021, the Company had declared but unpaid dividends of $7,562,531, all of which was due to shareholders whose holding of beneficiary shares exceeded 5% (Note 11).
According to PRC laws and regulations, after-tax profit can be distributed after a portion of net income has been set aside to fund certain reserve funds.
The board of directors will have the discretion to declare and pay dividends in the future, subject to applicable PRC regulations and Hong Kong regulations and restrictions. Payment of dividends in the future will depend upon our earnings, capital requirements, and other factors, which our board of directors may deem relevant.
F-43
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
9. EQUITY (cont.)
Restricted net assets
The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by PRC subsidiaries only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations and after it has met the PRC requirements for appropriation to statutory reserves. Paid in capital of the PRC subsidiaries included in the Company’s consolidated net assets are also non-distributable for dividend purposes. The results of income reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries. The Company is required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. In addition, the Company may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
The statutory reserve is required to set aside annually. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s PRC profit generating subsidiaries had statutory reserve funds of $22,658 and $nil as one of the PRC subsidiaries generated profits in the year ended December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had net restricted assets of $869,535, which represented paid-in capital that is included in the Company’s consolidated net assets.
10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company has determined that its convertible redeemable preferred shares are participating securities as the preferred shares participate in undistributed earnings on an as-if-converted basis. The holders of the preferred shares are entitled to receive dividends on a pro rata basis, as if their shares had been converted into ordinary shares. Accordingly, the Company uses the two-class method of computing net income per share, for ordinary shares and preferred shares according to the participation rights in undistributed earnings.
For the years ended December 31, 2022, the outstanding convertible redeemable preferred shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net earnings per ordinary share, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive for the periods prescribed.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | 7,903,611 | $ | 8,695,784 | ||||
| Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares | (135,781 | ) | — | |||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s preferred shareholders | (120,446 | ) | — | |||||
| Net income attributable to Able View Inc’s ordinary shareholders | $ | 7,647,384 | $ | 8,695,784 | ||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||
| Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding – basic and dilutive | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | ||||||
| Earnings per share | ||||||||
| Earnings per share – basic and dilutive | $ | 7.65 | $ | 8.70 | ||||
F-44
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
1) Nature of relationships with related parties
The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company, with which the Company entered into transactions during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, or recorded balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
| Name | Relationship with the Company | |
| Mr. Zhu Jian | Chief Executive Officer and, Director and 66.16% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Wang Jun | 14.77% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Tang Jing | Chief Financial Officer and 5.71% beneficial owner of the Company | |
| Mr. Tang Yuhua | An immediate family member of Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Healthy Great Investing Company Limited (“Healthy Great”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Zhu Jian | |
| Smartest Star Investing Company Limited (“Smartest Star”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Scenery Investing Company Limited (“Scenery”) | Wholly owned by Mr. Scenery | |
| Skinist Global Company Limited (“Skinist Global”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Skinist Global Cosmetics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Skinist Shanghai”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Jingxin Trading Co. Ltd. (“Jingxin”) | Company controlled by Mr. Zhu Jian | |
| Shanghai Jingqi Developing Co., Ltd. (“Jingqi”) | Company controlled by Mr. Zhu Jian | |
| Shanghai Jingrong Information Co., Ltd. (“Jingrong”) | Company controlled by Mr. Tang Jing | |
| Shanghai Youshan Corporate Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Youshan”) | Company controlled by Ms. Mu Xuemei, the director of the Company | |
| Merit Zone Development Limited (“Merit Zone”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Jiantong Trade Center (“Jian Tong”) | Company controlled by Mr. Wang Jun | |
| Shanghai Shilin Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Shi Lin”) | Company controlled by Ms. Pan Yue, a supervisor of Weitong, a subsidiary of the Company | |
| Shanghai Tengxin Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Teng Xin”) | Company controlled by Ms. Pan Yue, a supervisor of Weitong, a subsidiary of the Company | |
| Shanghai Zhiwang Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (“Zhiwang”) | Company controlled by Ms. Mu Xuemei, a director of the Company |
2) Transactions with related parties
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Sales of products to related parties | ||||||||
| Merit Zone | $ | 2,093,584 | $ | 433,403 | ||||
| Skinist Global | 24,101 | — | ||||||
| Jing Xin | — | 8,030 | ||||||
| $ | 2,117,685 | $ | 441,433 | |||||
| Purchase of products from related parties | ||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | $ | 38,630 | $ | 16,753 | ||||
| Rental expenses charged by related parties | ||||||||
| Jingqi(1) | $ | 144,677 | $ | 96,866 | ||||
F-45
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (cont.)
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Service fees charged by related parties | ||||||||
| Jingqi | $ | 93,380 | $ | — | ||||
| Jingrong | 84,119 | 107,948 | ||||||
| Youshan(2) | 1,136 | 1,932,300 | ||||||
| $ | 178,635 | $ | 2,040,248 | |||||
| Payment of dividends | ||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian | $ | 4,880,119 | $ | 19,298 | ||||
| Mr. Wang Jun | 2,406,889 | 2,592,407 | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Jing | 19,156 | 19,298 | ||||||
| $ | 6,946,154 | $ | 2,631,003 | |||||
(Advances to) Collection of advances from related parties
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Advances | Collection of advances | Advances | Collection of advances | |||||||||||||
| Jingqi(1) | $ | (2,610,257 | ) | $ | 1,563,382 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
| Jingrong | — | — | — | 114,425 | ||||||||||||
| Youshan | — | — | — | 254,662 | ||||||||||||
| Zhiwang | — | 135,236 | (141,068 | ) | — | |||||||||||
| $ | (2,610,257 | ) | $ | 1,698,618 | $ | (141,068 | ) | $ | 369,087 | |||||||
| (1) | During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid operating expenses on behalf of these related parties. |
Borrowings from (Repayment of Borrowings to) related parties
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | Repayments | Borrowings | Repayments | |||||||||||||
| Shi Lin(3) | $ | 6,739,486 | $ | (4,251,152 | ) | $ | 4,495,566 | $ | (1,798,226 | ) | ||||||
| Skinist Global(3) | 3,416,086 | (3,551,699 | ) | 23,816,693 | (23,680,180 | ) | ||||||||||
| Teng Xin(3) | 3,120,820 | (3,120,820 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Tang Yuhua(3) | 2,570,962 | (148,610 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian(3) | 1,486,104 | (1,604,994 | ) | 2,325,293 | (620,078 | ) | ||||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai(3) | 965,968 | (1,209,595 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Mr. Wang Jun(3) | — | (1,115,245 | ) | 372,047 | (93,012 | ) | ||||||||||
| Jian Tong(3) | — | — | 2,976,375 | — | ||||||||||||
| Jingqi(3) | — | — | 1,170,397 | (1,921,377 | ) | |||||||||||
| Zuandu(3) | — | — | 157,220 | (157,220 | ) | |||||||||||
| $ | 18,299,426 | $ | (15,002,115 | ) | $ | 35,313,591 | $ | (28,270,093 | ) | |||||||
| (1) | In February 2020, the Company entered into an office sub-lease agreement with Jingqi, pursuant to which the Company leased an office from Jingqi for a period of 3 years through February 2023. Jingqi charges the Company a monthly rental fee of approximately $12,056 and a monthly property management fee of approximately $2,007. |
| (2) | During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Youshan provided live video streaming services for the Company to advertise the Company’s cosmetics products. |
| (3) | During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company borrowed $18,299,426 and $35,313,591from six and seven related parties, respectively. The borrowings were interest free, and outstanding loans are repayable within twelve months from borrowings. |
F-46
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (cont.)
3) Balances with related parties
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances with related parties were as follows:
— Due from related parties
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Merit Zone | $ | 1,651,649 | $ | 259,616 | ||||
| Skinist Global | 24,102 | — | ||||||
| 1,675,751 | 259,616 | |||||||
| Other receivable(1) | ||||||||
| Jingrong | 1,920 | 6,545 | ||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | 237,686 | — | ||||||
| Skinist Global | 116,749 | — | ||||||
| Zhiwang | — | 142,799 | ||||||
| Jingqi | 1,021,345 | — | ||||||
| 1,377,700 | 149,344 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 3,053,451 | $ | 408,960 | ||||
| (1) | As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the other receivables due from related parties represented the administrative expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the related parties. The balances were interest free and were receivable on demand. |
— Due to related parties, current
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Dividends payable(1) | ||||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian | $ | 6,940,190 | $ | 6,046,827 | ||||
| Mr. Wang Jun | 1,340,268 | 907,704 | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Jing | 1,024,440 | 608,000 | ||||||
| 9,304,898 | 7,562,531 | |||||||
| Other payable | ||||||||
| Shi Lin(2) | — | 3,025,544 | ||||||
| Jian Tong(2) | — | 3,012,898 | ||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian(2) | — | 1,694,756 | ||||||
| Mr. Wang Jun(2) | — | 1,177,618 | ||||||
| Skinist Global | — | 19,375 | ||||||
| Jingqi | — | 78,883 | ||||||
| — | 9,009,074 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Skinist Shanghai | 75,231 | 20,133 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 9,380,129 | $ | 16,591,738 | ||||
| (1) | As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the dividends payable represented the declared but unpaid dividends to the shareholders. The dividends payable is expected to be paid during the year ending December 31, 2023. |
| (2) | As of December 31, 2021, the balances due to the related parties represented the borrowings from these related parties. The borrowings were interest free and repayable before December 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the related parties agreed to extend the payment terms and would not require of the Company to make payments before the year of 2024. Accordingly the Company reclassified these balances as of December 31, 2022 to “due to related parties, non-current”. |
F-47
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (cont.)
— Due to related parties, non-current
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Dividends payable(1) | ||||||||
| Healthy Great | $ | 4,986,487 | $ | — | ||||
| Smartest Star | 1,113,217 | — | ||||||
| Scenery | 430,363 | — | ||||||
| 6,530,067 | — | |||||||
| Other payable(2) | ||||||||
| Shi Lin | 5,223,073 | — | ||||||
| Jian Tong | 2,783,738 | — | ||||||
| Mr. Zhu Jian | 1,449,864 | — | ||||||
| Mr. Tang Yuhua | 2,363,278 | — | ||||||
| 11,819,953 | — | |||||||
| Total | $ | 18,350,020 | $ | — | ||||
| (1) | For the year ended December 31, 2022, Mr. Zhu Jian and Mr. Wang Jun designated $5,870,998 and $884,954, respectively, out of dividends payable due to these two shareholders as amount due to Skinist Global, which was controlled by Mr. Wang Jun. As of December 31, 2022, the dividends payable represented the declared but unpaid dividends to the shareholders. The dividends payable is expected to be paid during the year ending December 31, 2024. |
| (2) | As of December 31, 2022, the balances due to the related parties represented the borrowings from these related parties. The borrowings were interest free and not repayable until the year of 2024. |
12. CONCENTRATION
Customer concentration
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the following customers contributed revenues that were over 10% of total net revenues for the relevant periods. Customers accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues were as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Customer A | 32 | % | 31 | % | ||||
| Customer B | 15 | % | 18 | % | ||||
| Customer C | 19 | % | 16 | % | ||||
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, accounts receivable due from the following customers were over 10% of consolidated accounts receivable. The details are as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Customer A | 60 | % | 41 | % | ||||
| Customer B | 14 | % | 34 | % | ||||
| Customer C | 17 | % | * | |||||
| Customer D | * | 10 | % | |||||
F-48
ABLE VIEW INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. CONCENTRATION (cont.)
Vendor concentration
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company purchased products from the following vendors who charged over 10% of total cost of revenues for the relevant period, which include both brand partners and product distributors who distribute products from certain brands to us. Vendors accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s cost of revenues were as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Vendor A | 28 | % | 38 | % | ||||
| Vendor B | 21 | % | 14 | % | ||||
| Vendor C | 17 | % | 16 | % | ||||
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, accounts payable due to the following vendors were over 10% of consolidated accounts payable. The details are as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Vendor C | 47 | % | * | |||||
| Vendor D | 11 | % | 16 | % | ||||
| Vendor E | 19 | % | * | |||||
| Vendor F | * | 45 | % | |||||
| Vendor G | * | 20 | % | |||||
| Vendor H | * | 11 | % | |||||
| * | Less than 10% |
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of income or liquidity.
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events through April 28, 2023, the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements were issued, and the management determined that other than those that have been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and subsequent events disclosed above, no subsequent events that require recognition and disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
F-49
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Able View Global Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Able View Global Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ deficit and cash flows for the period from October 11, 2022 (inception) through December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from October 11, 2022 (inception) through December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022
New York, New York
May 31, 2023
NEW YORK OFFICE ● 7 Penn Plaza ● Suite
830 ● New York, New York ● 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 ● Fax 646.349.5200 ● www.marcumasia.com
F-50
Able View Global Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheet
(in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
| December 31, 2022 | ||||
| Total Assets | $ | — | ||
| Liabilities and Shareholder’s Deficit | ||||
| Due to a related party | $ | 5,870 | ||
| Total Liabilities | $ | 5,870 | ||
| Commitments and Contingencies | ||||
| Shareholders’ Deficit | ||||
| Common stock ($0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 1 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022) | 0 | |||
| Additional paid-in capital | (0 | ) | ||
| Accumulated losses | (5,870 | ) | ||
| Total Shareholders’ Deficit | (5,870 | ) | ||
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit | $ | — | ||
F-51
Able View Global Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
| For the period from October 11, 2022 (Inception) through December 31, 2022 | ||||
| Formation and operating costs | $ | 5,870 | ||
| Operating expenses | (5,870 | ) | ||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | (5,870 | ) | |
F-52
Able View Global Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit
For the Period from October 11, 2022 (Inception) through December 31, 2022
(Expressed in U.S. dollar)
| Common stock | Additional | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Number of stock | Amount | paid-in capital | Accumulated losses | shareholders’ deficit | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of October 11, 2022 (Inception), 2022 | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Issuance of common stocks | 1 | 0 | (0 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (5,870 | ) | (5,870 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 1 | $ | 0 | $ | (0 | ) | $ | (5,870 | ) | $ | (5,870 | ) | ||||||||
F-53
Able View Global Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
| For the period from October 11, 2022 (Inception) through December 31, 2022 | ||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||
| Net loss | $ | (5,870 | ) | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||
| Due to a related party | 5,870 | |||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | — | |||
| Net Change in Cash | — | |||
| Cash, Beginning of the Period | — | |||
| Cash, End of the Period | $ | — | ||
F-54
Able View Global Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Able View Global Inc. (“Able View Global”, or the “Company”) was incorporated as a private company under the laws of Cayman Islan on October 11, 2022, as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Able View Inc. (“Able View”).
The Company was formed for the purpose of becoming the ultimate parent company in the Able View Group following the transactions contemplated in the business combination agreement, dated November 21, 2022 (the “Business Combination Agreement”) by and among the Company, Able View, and Hainan Manaslu Acquisition Corp. (“HMAC”), a special purpose acquisition company. The Company maintains one direct wholly owned subsidiary, Able View Corporation Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Cayman Islands exemption company. Merger Sub was incorporated on October 12, 2022 to facilitate the consummation of the Business Combination Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, either of the Company or Merger Sub had no assets, liabilities, or operations.
In connection with the Business Combination Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into HMAC, pursuant to which the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease, with HMAC being the surviving corporation and becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the Company will be the surviving publicly-traded corporation. However, the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement is subject to numerous conditions, and there can be no assurances that such conditions will be satisfied.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
(b) Fair value of financial instruments
The Company’s financial instruments are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
| Level 1 — | inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| Level 2 — | inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. |
| Level 3 — | inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. |
(c) Transaction costs in an offering of equity securities
In the event of offering of equity securities, incremental costs that otherwise would not have been incurred are deferred and capitalized in the balance sheet as deferred offering costs which will be later deducted against additional paid-in capital upon completion of offering of equity securities.
3. EQUITY
The Company’s authorized share capital is 500,000,000 common stocks, par value $0.0001 per share. On October 11, 2022, the Company issued 1 common stock to Able View Inc. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had one outstanding common stock.
4. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated the subsequent event through May 31, 2023, the date of this report, and concluded that there are no material reportable subsequent events need to be disclosed.
F-55
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by a Cayman Islands court to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against fraud or willful default or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Charter provides for indemnification of its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law, including for any liability incurred in their capacities as such, except through their own actual fraud, willful default or willful neglect. We have or will maintain insurance on behalf of its directors and executive officers. We have entered into contracts with certain of our directors and executive officers providing indemnification of such directors and executive officers by us to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to certain limited exceptions.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is theretofore unenforceable.
Item 7. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Not applicable.
Item 8. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
| * | Filed herewith. |
** | Previously filed. |
| † | Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Registration S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedules to the Commission upon request. |
| ^ | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. |
II-1
Item 9. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
| (1) | to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; |
| (ii) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
| (iii) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by “Item 8.A. of Form 20-F” at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (6) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by such undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about such undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser |
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-2
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Shanghai, China on December 22, 2023.
| Able View Global Inc. | ||
| By: | /s/ Stephen Jian Zhu | |
| Name: | Stephen Jian Zhu | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Stephen Jian Zhu | Chief Executive Officer, Director | December 22, 2023 | ||
| Stephen Jian Zhu | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Jing Tang | Chief Financial Officer, Director | December 22, 2023 | ||
| Jing Tang | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ * | Director | December 22, 2023 | ||
| Yilun Wu | ||||
| /s/ * | Director | December 22, 2023 | ||
| William Zhou | ||||
| /s/ * | Director | December 22, 2023 | ||
| Zhifan Zhou |
| * By: | /s/ Jing Tang | |
| Jing Tang | ||
| Attorney-in-fact |
II-3
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 6(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement on Form F-1 has been signed on behalf of the registrant by the undersigned, solely in his capacity as the duly authorized representative of the registrant in the United States, on December 22, 2023.
| Puglisi & Associates | |||
| Authorized U.S. Representative | |||
| By: | /s/ Donald J. Puglisi | ||
| Name: | Donald J. Puglisi | ||
| Title: | Managing Director | ||
II-4
Exhibit 23.1
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent
We consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement of Able View Global Inc. on Amendment No. 1 to Form F-1 (file No. 333-275626) of our report dated April 28, 2023, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Able View Inc. as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for the two years ended December 31, 2022, which report appears in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the heading “Experts” in such Prospectus.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
New York, New York
December 22, 2023
NEW YORK OFFICE • 7 Penn Plaza • Suite 830 • New York, New York • 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 • Fax 646.349.5200 • www.marcumasia.com
Exhibit 23.2
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent
We consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement of Able View Global Inc. on Amendment No. 1 Form F-1 (file No. 333-275626) of our report dated May 31, 2023, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Able View Global Inc. as of December 31, 2022 and for the period from October 11, 2022 (inception) through December 31, 2022, which report appears in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the heading “Experts” in such Prospectus.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
New York, New York
December 22, 2023
NEW YORK OFFICE • 7 Penn Plaza • Suite 830 • New York, New York • 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 • Fax 646.349.5200 • www.marcumasia.com