BLTH 10-K
American Battery Materials, Inc. (BLTH)
UNITED STATES
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
FORM 10-K
December 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Except for historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, assumptions, and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on our business, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and stock price. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” “will,” “would”, “if, “shall”, “might”, “will likely result, “projects”, “goal”, “objective”, or “continues”, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Additionally, statements concerning future matters such as our business strategy, development of new products, sales levels, expense levels, cash flows, future commercial and financing matters, future partnering opportunities and other statements regarding matters that are not historical are forward-looking statements.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We believe that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report, which include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern; |
| ● | the need for additional capital to fund our operations; |
| ● | potential challenges and uncertainties in our new lithium extraction operation, such as unexpected geological formations, technological hurdles, regulatory changes, unforeseen costs, and construction delays; |
| ● | anticipated exploration results, feasibility assessments, regulatory approvals, and property development plans; |
| ● | expected growth in the lithium battery market; |
| ● | intense competition in our market and the lack of sufficient financial and other resources to maintain and enhance our competitive position; |
| ● | our expectations, beliefs, future plans, strategies, and anticipated developments; |
| ● | anticipated government regulations concerning electric and gas-powered vehicles; |
| ● | evaluation of strategic alternatives related to our business; |
| ● | timeframe for addressing internal control weaknesses and improving disclosure controls; |
| ● | our expectation of obtaining or renewing permits; |
| ● | other risks detailed in the “Risk Factors” section. |
The risks described above should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read with the other cautionary statements in this Annual Report.
Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments may differ materially from statements made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. The matters summarized under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “Business”, and elsewhere in this Annual Report could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in our forward-looking statements. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.
We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time-to-time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Moreover, except as required by law, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Annual Report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. You should, however, review the risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Annual Report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Annual Report.
Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.
CERTAIN REFERENCES AND NAMES OF OTHERS USED HEREIN
This Annual Report may contain additional trade names, trademarks, and service marks of others, which are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks, or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.
OTHER INFORMATION
As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “BLTH”, the “registrant”, and the “Company” refer to AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC., a Delaware corporation, unless otherwise stated. “SEC” and the “Commission” refer to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Reverse split occurred and is reflected (p. 41)
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PART I
Item 1. Business.
Overview of Our Company
We operate as a U.S. based renewable energy company focused on the extraction, refinement and distribution of technical minerals in an environmentally responsible manner. On November 5, 2021, we acquired the rights to 102 federal mining claims located in the Lisbon Valley of Utah for $100,000 plus the future payment of royalties based on a percentage of the net revenue (2%) from the sale of all minerals produced from this portion of the mining property. The acquisition was driven by historical mineral data from seven existing wells with brine aquifer access. We have not yet commenced any mining operations, and we are an exploration stage issuer, as defined in SEC Regulation S-K Item 1300 (“Regulation S-K 1300”). An independent third-party technical report indicated that further investment and development in the claims was warranted, although no determination has been made whether we have any reserves of minerals. Similarly, no determination has been made whether mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted. We have no mineral reserves as defined by Regulation S-K 1300 and have had no mining revenue to date.
In July 2023, we acquired and staked additional mining claims adjacent to our Lisbon Valley Project in Utah. The new claims have been registered with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). We now own a total of 743 placer claims over 14,320 acres, comprised of the 102 original claims held and the 641 new claims.
Our Growth Strategy
Our strategic goal is to become a producer of lithium and magnesium in the United States. Currently, the U.S. has no domestic primary magnesium production since the last facility idled in 2020 amid high energy costs, stringent regulations, and competition from low-cost Chinese import, leaving the nation 100% import-dependent for primary magnesium metal. We are one of only three major domestic efforts underway to restart primary production: alongside startups like Magrathea Metals (developing seawater electrolysis tech with DoD backing) and Tidal Metals (pioneering zero-carbon electrical extraction from seawater brines), Our company is positioned to help rebuild a secure, sustainable U.S. supply chain for this critical mineral essential to defense, automotive lightweighting, and clean energy technologies.
We believe that a strategy centered on advanced brine extraction technologies, specifically Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), a process that pumps lithium-rich brine to the surface and selectively extracts lithium on-site using sorbents, ion exchange, or membranes before reinjecting the lithium-depleted brine back into the subsurface, represents the most cost-effective, environmentally responsible, and capital-efficient pathway currently available for domestic lithium and magnesium production compared to traditional hard-rock mining or conventional solar evaporation. DLE enables accelerated production timelines (months rather than years), lithium recovery rates exceeding 90%, markedly lower water consumption, a minimal surface footprint, and the ability to co-produce high-value magnesium while reinjecting spent brine into the formation to maintain reservoir pressure and eliminate tailings entirely. By avoiding surface disturbance and permanent land deconstruction, this closed-loop approach aligns fully with our sustainability and ESG objectives. We intend to develop our projects on a measured timeline that balances near-term cash flow generation with long-term value maximization, delivering secure, low-carbon domestic supply of these critical minerals in a manner that is both economically superior and environmentally responsible.
We have been executing the necessary steps to determine analytical results for our technical report, which should provide current results, analytical, geotechnical modeling, aquifer modeling, recharge, flows and depth. We have engaged RESPEC Company LLC (“RESPEC”) as our geotechnical, engineering and resource management firm to assist in the exploration of the Lisbon Valley brine extraction project (the “Lisbon Valley Project”). Leveraging the expertise of both our management team and RESPEC, our plan is to focus on several initiatives, including:
| ● | advancement of geotech, engineering, geology and fieldwork to complete technical reports on the Lisbon Valley Project; |
| ● | understanding Lisbon Valley brines, on and around owned leases; |
| ● | develop a well plan to re-enter, sample and test the “Superior Well,” that has a historical lithium concentration of 340 ppm (parts per million) and 74,400 ppm of magnesium; |
| ● | enter other prospective plugged and abandoned wells, taking brine samples and performing hydrological testing at each identified high potential zone to evaluate the properties of the clastic formation; |
| ● | as information collection and analysis advances, prepare technical reports following the Regulation S-K Subpart 1300’s standards of disclosure for mineral projects, including an initial assessment, preliminary feasibility study and feasibility study; |
| ● | not only test the collected brines for lithium and magnesium, but also for previously identified high value elements such as cobalt, manganese, suites of metals in the alkaline earth metals, transition metals and halogens group; and |
| ● | based on the results of the Superior well, develop area resource estimates. |
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The Lisbon Valley of Utah provides a number of collaborative benefits to attain these initiatives, including:
| ● | an area historically rich with industrial and natural resource extraction; |
| ● | a developed infrastructure including access to high voltage electrical power as well as proximity to major roadways and rail spurs; and |
| ● | state and local agency support through the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (UDOGM) and the Trust Land Administration (SITLA). |
We will also look to expand our holdings in the Lisbon Valley area with the acquisition of additional mineral claims and joint venture opportunities. We continue to explore and evaluate opportunities to further expand our resource base and production capacity through the possible acquisition of properties and projects in other areas of the United States and South America.
As part of our strategy for growth, our projects and strategic investments will be developed on a measured timeline, and we will evaluate all opportunities to further expand our resource base and production capacity. We understand that our timelines are subject to a variety of risks and variables, including, without limitation, obtaining permits, approvals and funding. We are also focused on the implementation of direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies, which we believe have the potential to significantly increase the supply of lithium and magnesium from our brine projects, similar to the impact which shale did for oil.
To achieve our goal of becoming a producer of lithium, we will rely on our competitive strengths and experienced management team to explore and consider all opportunities to generate revenue and increase our projects, properties and assets, as well as all potential funding options. Some opportunities for growth may be in the form of (i) strategic partnerships, (ii) off-take agreements, (iii) diversification of projects and properties, (iv) acquisitions of companies and technologies, and (v) participation in related commercial development activities.
The Lithium and Magnesium Market
Lithium and magnesium are on the list of the 35 minerals considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States, as first published by the U.S. Department of the Interior on May 18, 2018.
On March 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an Executive Order aimed at increasing American mineral production to enhance national security, reduce reliance on foreign minerals, and create jobs. The order directs federal agencies to expedite permitting for mineral projects, prioritize critical mineral deposits on federal lands, and utilize the Defense Production Act to expand domestic capacity. The Executive also establishes a critical minerals fund and encourages collaboration with private industry to secure a resilient supply chain for materials like rare earths, uranium, copper, and coal. Highlighting the strategic importance of critical minerals for emerging technologies and military readiness, the administration seeks to address the U.S.’s significant import dependence—particularly on China, which supplies 70% of rare earths— and signal a clear shift in focus toward U.S.-centric projects and national security. In an article from April 4, 2024, titled “US lithium demand predicted to grow nearly 500% by 2030”, Fastmarkets forecasts a significant growth in demand for lithium in the US of 487% to almost 412,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent by 2030.
In August 16, 2022, Section 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit (AMPTC) was enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act. For critical minerals listed under Section 45X(c)(6) (explicitly including lithium and magnesium) the credit delivers a 10% cash tax credit (or direct-pay equivalent for certain entities) on the taxpayer’s eligible costs of production. IRS final regulations issued October 28, 2024 clarified that the cost basis can include U.S.-based extraction costs and both direct and indirect material costs (even if sourced internationally), provided proper supplier certifications are obtained to prevent double-claiming. On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed H.R.1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), into law, introducing revisions to the Section 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit for critical minerals. The OBBBA eliminates this exemption, imposing a phasedown to 75% (7.5%) in 2031, 50% (5%) in 2032, and 25% (2.5%) in 2033 before full termination on December 31, 2033, limiting full access to pre-2032 operational projects.
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In June 2021, the U.S. Department of Energy published a report titled “National Blueprint for Lithium Batteries 2021-2030” (the “NBLB Report”) which was developed by the Federal Consortium for Advanced Batteries (“FCAB”), a collaboration by the U.S. Departments of Energy, Defense, Commerce, and State. According to the Report, one of the main goals of this U.S. government effort is to “secure U.S. access to raw materials for lithium batteries”. The NBLB Report summarizes the U.S. government’s views on the need for lithium and the expected growth of the lithium battery market as follows:
| ● | “A robust, secure, domestic industrial base for lithium-based batteries requires access to a reliable supply of raw, refined, and processed material inputs…”; and | |
| ● | “The worldwide lithium battery market is expected to grow by a factor of 5 to 10 in the next decade.” |
The magnesium market presents significant growth opportunities across multiple high-demand sectors. In the automotive industry, magnesium’s lightweight properties are essential for meeting stringent weight performance metrics in cars and trucks, enhancing fuel efficiency and performance. Similarly, in aerospace, magnesium’s exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and efficient heat dissipation make it indispensable for cutting-edge applications. Furthermore, magnesium’s designation as a critical mineral by the U.S. Geological Survey (2022) qualifies it for Defense Production Act Title III support, bolstering domestic supply chains and reinforcing its strategic importance. The U.S. budget reconciliation bill’s allocation of $20 billion to domestic munitions production underscores the need for reliable magnesium supplies, critical for advanced weaponry. The U.S. now relies entirely on magnesium imports and recycling to meet domestic demand. Global primary magnesium production in 2023 was estimated at 940,000 metric tons, with China dominating at nearly 90% of the supply. The last remaining primary facility, US Magnesium LLC’s electrolytic plant in Rowley, Utah (which drew magnesium chloride brine from the Great Salt Lake) effectively ceased primary magnesium output in late 2019/early 2020 and has remained idled ever since.
The growth in electric vehicles (“EVs”) will provide the greatest needs for lithium-based batteries. The BloombergNEF Electric Vehicle Outlook 2024 presents an optimistic view of EV demand and sales growth, albeit not at the accelerated pace witnessed during 2020-2024. According to that report, global passenger EV sales are projected to climb from 13.9 million in 2023 to over 30 million by 2027, with the EV share of new vehicle sales reaching 33%, driven by declining battery costs—down 90% over the past decade—and innovative models from automakers. Meanwhile, the report notes that the commercial sector is accelerating, with electric vans and buses poised for significant gains; sales of electric light-duty delivery vans and trucks are spreading rapidly in China, South Korea, and Europe, approaching one-third of sales by 2030, while municipal buses are expected to exceed 60% of sales by the same year.
The U.S. EV market is showing promising growth, with Kelley Blue Book reporting in an article from January 14, 2025, titled “America Set EV Sales Record in 2024” that 1.3 million EVs were sold in 2024—a 7.3% rise from 2023—bolstered by a strong fourth quarter where sales grew over 15% compared to the previous year. Cox Automotive’s 2025 outlook offers a positive forecast, predicting EVs and hybrids will account for 25% of U.S. car sales, with full EVs expected to reach 10%, up from 7.5% last year, suggesting steady progress in electrification. Despite uncertainties around tariffs and potential changes to federal clean vehicle credits, EV adoption continues to climb—Rho Motion, in a press release from March 12, 2025 titled “Global EV Sales Up 50% in February 2025”, notes an encouraging 28% increase in sales for fully electric and plug-in hybrid models in the first two months of 2025 in the U.S. and forecast a 16% growth in U.S. and Canada in 2025 versus 2024, reflecting a resilient and growing interest in EVs among American buyers.
The Canaccord Genuity report from March 20, 2025, highlights that while EV sales are expected to grow at a slower pace —with a revised forecast showing more modest 10% CAGR to 2035, down from a 40% CAGR between 2020 and 2024—the burgeoning Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) market will help offset this decline. BESS installations have surged at a 150% CAGR since 2020, reaching 166 GWh in 2024, and are projected to grow to 2,100 GWh by 2035 at a 20% CAGR. This growth is driven not only by traditional grid and behind-the-meter applications but also by increasing integration with renewable energy sources for data centers, which are expected to account for 5% of global electricity demand by 2035 (up from 3%). This expansion in BESS capacity provides a robust counterbalance to the tempered EV market, supporting continued demand for battery materials despite the EV slowdown.
Despite current oversupply and low prices in battery raw material markets, in an article from January 7, 2025, titled “Battery minerals deficits continue to be expected within a decade”, Benchmark Minerals forecasts significant deficits within a decade, with lithium and nickel facing shortfalls of 572,000 tonnes and 839,000 tonnes by 2034—seven times larger than today’s surpluses. To meet 2030 battery demand, $514 billion in investment is needed, including $220 billion for upstream projects, with nickel ($66 billion) and lithium ($51 billion) requiring the most. Lithium is seen as the primary bottleneck, needing mined supply to jump from over 1 million tonnes in 2024 to 2.7 million tonnes by 2030, driven largely by EVs. Western efforts to reduce reliance on China, where costs are lower due to lax regulations, may increase this investment figure, while the slow pace of mine development (5-25 years) versus faster midstream/downstream projects (under 5 years) highlights a critical disconnect, underscoring the urgent need for upstream investment to support gigafactories and future EV growth.
While these figures are robust relative to historical data, there can be no guarantee that ultimate consumer adoption for EVs and plug-in-hybrid vehicles will drive lithium demand as predicted.
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Lithium and Magnesium Brine Deposits and Direct Lithium Extraction
Lithium and magnesium are mined from three different deposit types: brine deposits, pegmatite deposits (also referred to as “hard rock”) and sedimentary deposits (also referred to as clay deposits). Brine deposits are the most common, accounting for more than half of the world’s known lithium reserves and often contain magnesium as a significant co-occurring element. The economic focus in pegmatite and sedimentary deposits typically remains on lithium or other primary minerals. All of our current projects focus on brine deposits, where both lithium and magnesium are present, with magnesium often considered a key co-product or impurity. In 2023, Fastmarkets projected that by 2030, 13% of global lithium production will come from DLE, with Chile and Argentina currently leading in brine-based lithium production.
We intend to recover lithium, magnesium and other potential minerals from brine through DLE rather than evaporation ponds. We believe the DLE method has been gaining favor in the lithium industry over the last several years because it does not involve the use of evaporation ponds. DLE is more acceptable from an environmental standpoint because it requires a much smaller footprint and minimal water consumption. To date, we have not done any testing for the possibility of using DLE and will not be able to do any testing until samples of brine are acquired from the target formations. See “Risk Factors – Our success as a company producing lithium, magnesium and related products depends to a great extent on our research and development capabilities for direct lithium extraction and our ability to secure capital for the implementation of brine processing plants.”
Direct extraction technologies isolate lithium and magnesium out of brine using filters, membranes, ceramic beads or other equipment, which is often housed in a small warehouse, significantly shrinking the environmental footprint of evaporation ponds used to produce commercial quantities of lithium and magnesium. In DLE, subsurface lithium and magnesium from brine is pumped to a processing unit where an adsorption, resin or membrane material is used to extract only the lithium and magnesium from the brine, while spent brine can be reinjected into the basin aquifers. The extracted solution is then polished of impurities to yield battery-grade lithium or magnesium chloride product suitable for sale in the global market for batteries and other applications. The more rapid production timeframe and possible brine reinjection into the aquifer is a key environmental differentiator between the DLE process and traditional lithium process that uses evaporation ponds.
Removing magnesium from brines prior to the DLE process significantly enhances its efficiency by addressing the challenges posed by high Mg/Li ratios, which often exceed 40:1 in natural brines. Implementing a dedicated magnesium extraction (DME) package before DLE reduces this ratio, enabling higher lithium selectivity and recovery rates by minimizing magnesium’s interference with sorbents or extractants. This pretreatment also prolongs the lifespan of adsorbents by preventing magnesium-induced fouling or scaling, which can degrade equipment performance and increase maintenance costs. By reducing these operational costs through lower maintenance and reagent consumption, magnesium stripping further optimizes the process. Additionally, if pH adjustments are required during DLE, removing magnesium first allows the resulting solid waste to be repurposed as magnesia salt, creating a value-added byproduct stream that enhances the process’s economic viability. By streamlining lithium extraction and mitigating operational issues, magnesium stripping optimizes DLE efficiency and supports sustainable, cost-effective lithium production.
There are several technologies to extract lithium and magnesium, broadly grouped into four main categories: adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction and chemical precipitation:
| ● | Adsorption physically absorbs lithium chloride (“LiCl”) or magnesium chloride (“MgCl2”) molecules onto the surface of a sorbent from a loaded solution, with the lithium and magnesium then stripped from the surface of the sorbent using water. | |
| ● | Ion exchange takes lithium or magnesium ions from the solution and replaces them with a different positively charged cation that is contained in the sorbent material. An acidic (or basic) solution is required to strip the lithium and magnesium from the material and regenerate the sorbent material. | |
| ● | Solvent extraction removes lithium and magnesium ions from solution by contacting the solution with an immiscible fluid (i.e., oil or kerosene) that contains an extractant that attaches to lithium and magnesium ions and brings them into the immiscible fluid, with the lithium and magnesium then stripped from the fluid with water or chemical treatment. This is the most effective direct extraction technology for magnesium and reduces the Mg/Li ratio in the brine, facilitating easier lithium extraction. | |
| ● | Chemical precipitation is a physical-chemical process that uses a water-soluble salt that reacts with dissolved Li or Mg ions generating an insoluble salt that is removed from solution by filtration. This typically occurs in the pH adjustment of brines or for the isolation of magnesium from seawater and brine. |
Our identification as an “environmentally minded” business is evidenced by our commitment to deploy DLE rather than the typical extraction techniques of hard-rock mining or underground brine water. Unlike those traditional methods for producing lithium and magnesium, DLE uses filters, membranes or resin materials to extract the mineral from brine water, resulting in:
| ● | usage of less water; | |
| ● | recycling of the majority of the brine water used; | |
| ● | consumption of less fossil fuels; | |
| ● | reduction in the need for additional processing and alternative mining sources; and | |
| ● | leaving an anticipated smaller physical and environmental footprints than would be required for the use of evaporation ponds. |
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Traditionally, lithium and magnesium produced from brine water is stored in evaporation ponds. As the water evaporates, the other elements of the brine such as magnesium or calcium precipitate out, leaving the brine more concentrated to produce lithium carbonate or magnesium chloride. The evaporation process can take from 9 to 18 months depending on the type of project and weather conditions. With DLE, that process can be shortened to days or even hours. DLE also reduces the amount of land required for the pond evaporation process, while the potential to reinject the remaining brine water after the process further reduces the environmental impact.
Our Market Opportunity
Our Lisbon Valley Project (the “Project”) is located in San Juan County, Utah, approximately 35 miles southeast of the city of Moab, part of an area known as the Paradox Basin. The Lisbon Valley Project consists of 743 placer mining claims staked on U. S. government land administered by the BLM covering 14,320 acres, part of a semi-contiguous group named the LVL Group. The map below shows the location of our Lisbon Valley Project, including the Superior 88-21 Peterson Federal ST1 well, and the approximate location of our claims:
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The maps above are referenced with Professional Land Survey System (“PLSS”) and a latitude/longitude reference coordinate, accurate to 50 feet.
Our placer claims are plotted on the figures above, which is a Public Land Survey System (PLSS) map using Salt Lake City Prime Meridian. The claims are located in Southeast Utah in sections 17-18, 20-22, 25-29, 33-35 of Township 30 South and Range 25 East; sections 1, 3, 4, 8-15 of Township 31 South and Range 25 East; sections 31 of Township 30 South and Range 26 East and sections 5-9, 17 and 18 of Township 31 South and Range 26 East. The latitude and longitude of the southeast corner of Section 36, Township 30 South, 25 East is noted on the figure is accurate to +/- 50 feet.
Oil and gas drilling and production, along with ranching, have made the area relatively accessible. There is a network of dirt and paved roads within the claims area, which service the oil and gas wells and the Lisbon Valley copper mine. The Lisbon Valley copper mine is in the heart of the Lisbon Valley and is currently producing copper cathode. Two existing natural gas pipelines traverse the claims. High voltage electrical power is supplied to the Lisbon Valley copper mine, also within the claim area, for use in the electrowinning copper recovery process. Nine wellbores (eight oil and gas and one potash) are available for re-entry and nearby water rights and private land are available for sale or lease.
The region has a history of mining, primarily uranium and vanadium, that dates back as far as 1881. Moab, Utah, the nearest population center to the property, is a city of 5,336 persons (2020 Census). It is located in a relatively remote portion of Utah but is easily accessed by U.S. Highway 191. Highway 191 intersects with Interstate 70 about 30 miles (48 kilometers) north of Moab, at Crescent Junction. Moab is a tourist destination and has numerous motels and restaurants. Moab is the nearest source of labor.
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There has been no exploration or drilling conducted on the property by ABM; however, historical drilling by oil, gas, and potash operators on ABM claims, as well as in the surrounding area, has contributed valuable data registered with the United States Geological Survey (USGS). It will be necessary for us to re-enter an existing well or drill a new well to obtain brine samples for further analysis and metallurgical testing. The exploration permit for the site has been obtained from both the Federal BLM and the State UDOGM. ABM is currently preparing for the operational drilling phase of the project subject to obtaining financing.
We believe there is abundant evidence from oil, gas and potash wells drilled in the Paradox Basin indicating a probability of identifying and producing super saturated brines from beneath the Project. The geology of the area of the Project and of the Paradox Basin as a whole is complex, although zones have been targeted and proven and they are mappable within and beyond the claims area. It is not likely that the same zones vary significantly in terms of reservoir quality and thickness as evidenced by log analysis; however, these parameters have not been confirmed by actual testing by us.
We have not calculated mineral and resource estimation and has no revenue being generated from the subject property. The only way to determine if the lithium enriched brines exist and can be economically produced from the target zones is to drill exploration wells to produce and test brine from the targeted zones. We through our wholly owned operating company Mountain Sage Minerals, LLC intends to drill two appraisal wells on the subject property to evaluate reservoir properties (porosity, permeability and pressure), flow rates and in situ mineral concentrations. Information from the two wells will be used to assess the resource potential and devise a detailed development plan.
The subsurface data collected from the two wells will be used to refine our proprietary subsurface model. The development model will include a proprietary 3D seismic survey to refine the subsurface model and delineate reservoir(s) continuity below the subject property and allow the team to select optimal spacing of future well locations and the network of production and injection wells required to fully develop potential mineral (brine) resources. Based on a substantial number of studies with lithium analyses from the Paradox Basin, we believe there is a substantial indication that lithium mineralization in brines occurs beneath the Project.
We have retained a third-party consulting firm to assist with drilling, completion and review of test results for the two appraisal wells. Any extracted brines should be tested to determine lithium and other important mineral concentrations and to prove the economic viability of a pilot and permanent production program. We have identified an appraisal and development program that is proprietary. This information will be disclosed in an advanced technical report after the appraisal wells are drilled and individual zones are identified and fully evaluated. Cost estimates and authority for expenditures for both well tests and the 3D Survey are currently in process.
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The Technical Report Summary on the Project prepared by Bradley C. Peek, MSc. of CPG Peek Consulting, Inc., in accordance with Regulation S-K 1300, is included as an exhibit to our registration statement, filed on February 12, 2024. The effective date of the report is October 31, 2023.
Internal Controls
Even though we have yet to establish mineral resource and reserve estimates, we have established internal controls for reviewing and documenting the information we intend to use to support mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates. We have engaged third party service providers and specialists in geosciences, and data and engineering for exploration and mine productivity and efficiency. A review of all progress on the development of our mineral resources and reserves estimates, including related assumptions, is undertaken and finalized by our qualified person (“QP”).
When determining resources and reserves, as well as the differences between resources and reserves, our QP will develop specific criteria, each of which must be met to qualify as a resource or reserve, respectively. The QP and our management must agree on the reasonableness of the criteria for the purposes of estimating resources and reserves. These criteria, such as demonstration of economic viability, points of reference, and grade, must be specific and attainable. All estimates require a combination of historical data and key assumptions and parameters. When possible, historical data and resources, data from public information, and generally accepted industry sources will be used to develop these estimations.
We have developed quality control and quality assurance (“QC/QA”) procedures at our Lisbon Valley property, which were reviewed by our QP to ensure the process for developing mineral resource and reserve estimates is sufficiently accurate. QC/QA procedures include independent checks on samples by third party laboratories, and duplicate sampling, among others. In addition, our QP will review the consistency of historical production as part of its analysis of the QC/QA procedures.
We recognize the risks inherent in mineral resource and reserve estimates, such as the geological complexity, interpretation and extrapolation of data, changes in operating approach, macroeconomic conditions and new data, among others. Overestimated resources and reserves resulting from these risks could have a material effect on future profitability.
Raw Materials
We do not have any material dependence on any raw materials or raw material suppliers. All the raw materials that we need are available from numerous suppliers and at market-driven prices.
Intellectual Property
We do not own or license any intellectual property which we consider to be material.
Sales and Marketing
We currently do not have the commercial capabilities required to market and distribute lithium and magnesium. There is no assurance that we will be able to attain the necessary sales and marketing capabilities or secure the services of a firm to provide those capabilities, to achieve our sales expectations.
Customers
We have no customers and have no off-take agreements with customers at this stage of our development.
Future Production and Sales
We expect the demand for our lithium and magnesium, if and when in production, to be facilitated by increasing global demand for lithium and magnesium. We intend on utilizing intermediaries for sales in order to focus on our core competencies of exploration and extraction.
Competition and Market Barriers
We compete with other mineral and chemical processing companies in connection with the acquisition of suitable exploration properties and the engagement of qualified personnel. Many of our competitors possess greater financial resources and technical facilities than we do. Although we aspire to be a leading lithium and magnesium producer, the lithium and magnesium mining and chemical industries are fragmented. We are one of many participants in these sectors. Many of our competitors, as compared to us, have been in business longer, have established more strategic partnerships and relationships, and have greater financial accessibility.
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While we compete with other exploration companies in acquiring suitable properties, we believe there will be readily available purchasers of lithium and magnesium chemical products or other industrial minerals if they are produced from any of our owned or leased properties. The price of our planned products may be affected by factors beyond our control, including fluctuations in the market prices for lithium and magnesium, supplies of lithium and magnesium, demand for lithium and magnesium, and mining activities of others. If we identify lithium and magnesium mineralization that is determined to be of economic grade and in sufficient quantity to justify production, additional capital would be required to develop, mine and sell that production.
Government Regulation
Exploration and development activities for our projects are subject to extensive laws and regulations, which are overseen and enforced by multiple U.S. federal, state and local authorities as well as foreign jurisdictions. These applicable laws govern exploration, development, production, exports, various taxes, labor standards, occupational and mine health and safety, waste disposal, protection and remediation of the environment, protection of endangered and protected species, and other matters. Various permits from government bodies are required for drilling, mining, or manufacturing operations to be undertaken, and we cannot be assured such permits will be received. Environmental laws and regulations may also, among other things:
| ● | require notice to stakeholders of proposed and ongoing exploration, drilling, environmental studies, mining, or production activities; |
| ● | require the installation of pollution control equipment; |
| ● | restrict the types, quantities and concentrations of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with exploration, drilling, mining, lithium manufacturing, or other production activities; |
| ● | limit or prohibit drilling, mining, lithium manufacturing or other production activities on lands located within wetlands, areas inhabited by endangered species and other protected areas, or otherwise restrict or prohibit activities that could impact the environment, including water resources; |
| ● | impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from current or former operations on or for any preexisting environmental impacts from our projects; |
| ● | require significant reclamation obligations in the future as a result of our extraction and chemical operations; and |
| ● | require preparation of an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement. |
Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may impose substantial costs on us, subject us to significant potential liabilities, and have an adverse effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations, or competitive position. Violations and liabilities with respect to these laws and regulations could result in significant administrative, civil, or criminal penalties, remedial clean-ups, natural resource damages, permit modifications and/or revocations, operational interruptions and/or shutdowns, and other liabilities, as well as reputational harm, including damage to our relationships with customers, suppliers, investors, governments or other stakeholders. The costs of remedying such conditions may be significant, and remediation obligations could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Federal, state, and local legislative bodies and agencies frequently revise environmental laws and regulations, and any changes in these regulations, or the interpretations thereof, could require us to expend significant resources to comply with new laws or regulations or changes to current requirements and could have a material adverse effect on our business operations. As of December 31, 2025, we have not been required to spend material amounts on compliance regarding environmental regulations.
Permits
Obtaining and renewing governmental permits is a complex and time-consuming process and involves numerous jurisdictions, public hearings, and possibly costly undertakings. The timeliness and success of permitting efforts are contingent upon many variables not within our control, including the interpretation of permit approval requirements administered by the applicable permitting authority. We may not be able to obtain or renew permits that are necessary for our planned operations, or the cost and time required to obtain or renew such permits may exceed our expectations. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the permitting process could delay the exploration, development and/or operation of our projects.
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Environmental, Social and Governance
We are committed to ESG causes. As we start to hire employees for our projects, our hiring efforts will focus on hiring workers from communities near our project areas. Many such communities have high levels of unemployment.
Human Capital Management
As of March 19, 2026, we had three full-time employees, who are our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer. We also utilize four independent contractors, two to provide us with accounting support and two for geological expertise. We are committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion as part of our growth strategy. We will treat each employee and job applicant without regard to race, color, age, sex, religion, national origin, citizenship, sexual orientation, gender identity, ancestry, veteran status, or any other category protected by law. We believe in allocating resources and establishing, in an equitable manner, policies and procedures that are fair, impartial, and just. To provide a diverse and inclusive workplace, we will focus our efforts on creating a culture where all employees can contribute their skills and talents and be themselves.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all the other information in this Annual Report. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Further, if we fail to meet the expectations of the public market in any given period, the market price of our common stock could decline. We operate in a competitive environment that involves significant risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside of our control. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business and financial condition could suffer and the price of our stock could decline. We caution you that the risks, uncertainties and other factors referred to below and elsewhere in our Annual Report may not contain all the risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may affect our future results and operations. Our future results and operations could also be affected by factors, events, or uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently do not consider to present a material risk. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks.
Business Risks
Our future performance is difficult to evaluate because we have a limited operating history in the lithium and magnesium industry.
We entered the lithium industry in November 2021. We have not realized any revenues to date from the sale of lithium or magnesium, and our operating cash flow needs have been financed primarily through issuances of debt and equity securities, and not through cash flows derived from our operations. As a result, we have little historical financial and operating information from our lithium and magnesium business to help you evaluate our performance.
We have a history of losses and expect to continue to incur losses in the future.
We have an accumulated deficit of $30,957,121 as of December 31, 2025. We expect to continue to incur losses unless and until such time as our projects or one of our future acquired properties enters into commercial production and generates sufficient revenues to fund continuing operations and we are able to develop at least one economic deposit. We recognize that if we are unable to generate cash flows from our operations, we will not be able to earn profits or continue operations. At this early stage of our lithium and magnesium operations, we also expect to face the risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties encountered by companies at the mineral exploration stage. We cannot be sure that we will be successful in addressing these risks and uncertainties and our failure to do so could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition. In the report by our auditor dated March 19, 2026, the auditor expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
There is uncertainty regarding our ability to implement our business plan and to grow our operations with our existing financial resources without additional financing. Our ability to implement our business plan is dependent on us generating cash from operations, the sale of our stock and/or obtaining debt financing. Historically, we have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of debt and equity securities. Management’s plan to fund our capital requirements and ongoing operations includes the generation of revenue from our lithium and magnesium operations and projects. Management’s secondary plan to cover any shortfall is selling our equity securities and obtaining debt financing. There is no assurance that we will be successful in implementing our business plan or that we will be able to generate sufficient cash from operations, sell securities or borrow funds on favorable terms or at all. Our inability to generate significant revenue or obtain additional financing could have a material adverse effect on our ability to fully implement our business plan and grow our business to a greater extent than we can with our existing financial resources.
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We are an exploration stage company, and there is no guarantee that our development will result in the commercial extraction of mineral deposits.
As defined under Regulation S-K 1300, we are an exploration stage company as we have no known mineral reserves, and we have not yet conducted any mining operations. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will ever realize any profits. Any profitability in the future from our business will be dependent upon the development of an economic deposit of minerals and further exploration and development of other economic deposits of minerals, each of which is subject to numerous risk factors. Further, we cannot assure you that any of our property interests can be commercially mined or that any exploration programs will result in profitable commercial mining operations. The exploration and development of mineral deposits involves a high degree of financial risk over a significant period of time, which may or may not be reduced or eliminated through a combination of careful evaluation, experience, and skilled management. While discovery of additional ore-bearing deposits may result in substantial rewards, few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenses may be required to construct processing facilities and to establish reserves.
Our exploration prospects may not contain any reserves and any funds spent on evaluation and exploration may be lost. We do not know with certainty that economically recoverable lithium and magnesium exist on our properties. In addition, the quantity of any reserves may vary depending on commodity prices. Any material change in the quantity or grade of reserves may affect the economic viability of our properties.
Exploration and development projects like ours have no operating history upon which to base estimates of future operating costs and capital requirements. Actual operating costs and economic returns of any and all exploration projects may materially differ from the costs and returns estimated, and accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows may be negatively affected.
We may be exposed to certain regulatory and financial risks related to climate change.
Growing concerns about climate change may result in the imposition of additional regulations or restrictions to which we may become subject. Climate changes include changes in rainfall and in storm patterns and intensities, water shortages, significantly changing sea levels and increasing atmospheric and water temperatures, among others. A number of governments or governmental bodies have introduced or are contemplating regulatory changes in response to climate change, including regulating greenhouse gas emissions and the SEC’s recently adopted rules that require public companies to make additional climate change and greenhouse gas emissions related disclosures. Potentially, additional U.S. federal regulation will be forthcoming with respect to greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon dioxide) and/or legislation that could impact our operations.
The outcome of new legislation or regulation in the United States may result in new or additional requirements, additional charges to fund energy efficiency activities and fees or restrictions on certain activities. While certain climate change initiatives may result in new business opportunities for us by increasing the demand for EVs and lithium-ion batteries, compliance with these initiatives may also result in additional costs to us, including, among other things, increased production costs, additional taxes, reduced emission allowances or additional restrictions on production or operations. Adopted future climate change regulations could also negatively impact our ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such limitations. Even without such regulation, increased public awareness and adverse publicity about potential impacts on climate change emanating from us or our industry could harm us. We may not be able to recover the cost of compliance, depending on the extent and scope of new or more stringent laws and regulations, which could adversely affect our business and negatively impact our growth. Furthermore, the potential impact of climate change and related regulation on our customers is highly uncertain and there can be no assurance that it will not have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Historical presence of lithium and magnesium recorded in brine waters at previously drilled Paradox Basin sites may not be indicative of the potential for future development or revenue.
The historical presence of lithium and magnesium recorded in brine waters from existing oil and gas wells encompassed under our Paradox Basin claims, including the Superior 88-21 Peterson Federal ST1 well, cannot be relied upon as an indication that such sites will have commercially feasible lithium and magnesium reserves. Investors should not rely on historical operations as an indication that sufficient mineral reserves exist to support commercial production of lithium and magnesium. There is no assurance that our properties will be of merit since our exploration programs are based on historical data. We expect to incur losses unless and until such time as the properties enter into commercial production and generate sufficient revenue to fund our continuing operations.
We face numerous risks related to exploration, construction, and extraction of mineral deposits.
Our level of profitability, if any, in future years will depend to a great degree on lithium and magnesium prices and whether our properties can be brought into production. Exploration and development of lithium and magnesium resources are highly speculative in nature, and it is impossible to ensure that any of our existing properties will establish reserves. Whether it will be economically feasible to extract lithium and magnesium depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade, and proximity to infrastructure; (ii) lithium prices; (iii) extraction, processing, and transportation costs; (iv) the willingness of lenders and investors to provide project financing; (v) labor costs and possible labor strikes; (vi) non-issuance of permits; and (vii) governmental regulations, including, without limitation, regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting materials, foreign exchange, environmental protection, employment, worker safety, transportation, and reclamation and closure obligations.
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We are also subject to the risks normally encountered in the lithium and magnesium industry, which include, without limitation:
| ● | the discovery of unusual or unexpected geological formations; |
| ● | accidental fires, floods, earthquakes, severe weather, seismic activity, or other natural disasters; |
| ● | unplanned power outages and water shortages; |
| ● | construction delays and higher than expected capital costs due to, among other things, supply chain disruptions, higher transportation costs, and inflation; |
| ● | the ability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment, or labor; |
| ● | shortages in materials or equipment and energy and electrical power supply interruptions or rationing; |
| ● | environmental liability; and |
| ● | other unknown risks involved in the conduct of lithium and magnesium exploration and operations. |
The nature of these risks is such that liabilities could exceed any applicable insurance policy limits or could be excluded from coverage. There are also risks against which we cannot insure or against which we may elect not to insure. The potential costs, which could be associated with any liabilities not covered by insurance or in excess of insurance coverage, or compliance with applicable laws and regulations may cause substantial delays and require significant capital outlays, adversely affecting our future earnings, competitive position, and potentially our financial viability.
The mineral and chemical processing industry is intensely competitive.
The mineral and chemical processing industry is intensely competitive. We may be at a competitive disadvantage because we must compete with other individuals and companies, many of which have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities than we do. Increased competition could adversely affect our ability to attract necessary capital funding or acquire suitable exploration properties. We may also encounter increasing competition from other mineral and chemical processing companies in our efforts to locate acquisition targets, hire experienced mining professionals and acquire exploration resources.
Our quarterly and annual operating and financial results and our revenue are likely to fluctuate significantly in future periods.
Our quarterly and annual operating and financial results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period. Our revenues, net income and results of operations may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors that are outside our control including, but not limited to, lack of sufficient working capital, equipment malfunction and breakdowns, inability to timely find spare machines or parts to fix the broken equipment, regulatory or licensing delays and severe weather phenomena.
Our long-term success will depend ultimately on our ability to generate revenues, achieve and maintain profitability, and develop positive cash flows from our lithium and magnesium activities.
Our ability to (i) acquire additional lithium and magnesium projects, and (ii) initiate and continue exploration, development, commissioning of lithium and magnesium ultimately depends on our ability to generate revenues, achieve and maintain profitability, and generate positive cash flow from our operations. The economic viability of our future extraction activities has many risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to:
| ● | significant, prolonged decrease in the market price of lithium and magnesium; |
| ● | significantly higher than expected construction and extraction costs; |
| ● | significantly lower than expected lithium and magnesium extraction; |
| ● | significant delays, reductions, or stoppages in lithium and magnesium extraction activities; |
| ● | significant shortages of adequate and skilled labor or a significant increase in labor costs; |
| ● | significantly more stringent regulatory laws and regulations; and |
| ● | significant difficulty in marketing and/or selling lithium or magnesium; |
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It is common for a new lithium and magnesium extraction operation to experience unexpected costs, problems, and delays during construction, commissioning and start-up. Most similar projects suffer delays during these periods due to numerous factors, including the factors listed above. Any of these factors could result in changes to economic returns or cash flow estimates of the project or have other negative impacts on our financial position. There is no assurance that our projects will commence commercial production on schedule, or at all, or will result in profitable operations. If we are unable to develop our projects into a commercial operating mine, our business and financial condition will be materially adversely affected. Moreover, even if a feasibility study supports a commercially viable project, there are many additional factors that could impact the project’s development, including terms and availability of financing, cost overruns, litigation or administrative appeals concerning the project, delays in development, and any permitting changes, among other factors.
Our future lithium and magnesium extraction activities may change as a result of any one or more of these risks and uncertainties. We cannot assure you that any of our activities will result in achieving and maintaining profitability and developing positive cash flows.
We depend on our ability to successfully access the capital and financial markets. Any inability to access the capital or financial markets may limit our ability to meet our liquidity needs and long-term commitments, fund our ongoing operations, execute our business plan or pursue investments that we may rely on for future growth.
Until commercial production is achieved from our planned projects, we will continue to incur operating and investing net cash outflows associated with including, but not limited to, maintaining and acquiring exploration properties, undertaking exploration activities, and the development of our planned projects. As a result, we rely on access to capital markets as a source of funding for our capital and operating requirements. We require additional capital to meet our liquidity needs related to expenses for our various corporate activities, including the costs related to our status as a publicly traded company, fund our ongoing operations, explore and define lithium and magnesium mineralization, and establish any future lithium and magnesium operations. We cannot assure you that such additional funding will be available to us on satisfactory terms, or at all.
To finance our future ongoing operations, and future capital needs, we may require additional funds through the issuance of additional equity or debt securities. Depending on the type and terms of any financing we pursue, stockholders’ rights and the value of their investment in our common stock could be reduced. Any additional equity financing will dilute shareholdings. If the issuance of new securities results in diminished rights to holders of our common stock, the market price of our common stock could be negatively impacted. New or additional debt financing, if available, may involve restrictions on financing and operating activities. In addition, if we issue secured debt securities, the holders of the debt would have a claim to our assets that would be prior to the rights of stockholders until the debt is paid. Interest on such debt securities would increase costs and negatively impact operating results.
If we are unable to obtain additional financing, as needed, at competitive rates, our ability to fund our current operations and implement our business plan and strategy will be affected. These circumstances may require us to reduce the scope of our operations and scale back our exploration, development and extraction programs. There is, however, no guarantee that we will be able to secure any additional funding or be able to secure funding to provide us with sufficient funds to meet our objectives, which may adversely affect our business and financial position.
We are dependent upon key management employees.
The responsibility of overseeing the day-to-day operations and the strategic management of our business depends substantially on our senior management and key personnel. Loss of any such personnel may have an adverse effect on our performance. The success of our operations will depend upon numerous factors, many of which, in part, are beyond our control, including our ability to attract and retain additional key personnel in sales, marketing, technical support, and finance. Certain areas in which we operate are highly competitive and competition for qualified personnel is significant. We may be unable to hire suitable field personnel for our technical team or there may be periods of time where a particular position remains vacant while a suitable replacement is identified and appointed. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining the personnel required to grow and operate our business profitably.
Our ability to manage growth will have an impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Future growth may place strains on our financial, technical, operational, and administrative resources and cause us to rely more on project partners and independent contractors, thus, potentially adversely affecting our financial position and results of operations. Our ability to grow will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:
| ● | our ability to develop existing prospects; |
| ● | our ability to identify and acquire or lease new exploratory prospects; |
| ● | our ability to maintain or enter into new relationships with project partners and independent contractors; |
| ● | our ability to continue to retain and attract skilled personnel; |
| ● | our access to capital; |
| ● | the market price for lithium and magnesium products; and |
| ● | our ability to enter into agreements for the sale of lithium and magnesium products. |
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Lawsuits may be filed against us and an adverse ruling in any such lawsuit may adversely affect our business, financial condition, or liquidity or the market price of our common stock.
We may become involved in, named as a party to, or be the subject of, various legal proceedings, including regulatory proceedings, tax proceedings, and legal actions relating to personal injuries, property damage, property taxes, land rights, the environment, and contract disputes. The outcome of future legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and may be determined adversely to us and as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our assets, liabilities, business, financial condition, or results of operations. Even if we prevail in any such legal proceeding, the proceedings could be costly, time-consuming, and may divert the attention of management and key personnel from our business operations, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
Our success as a company producing lithium, magnesium and related products depends to a great extent on our research and development capabilities for direct lithium extraction and our ability to secure capital for the implementation of brine processing plants.
Our success as a producer of lithium, magnesium and related products is dependent on our ability to develop and implement more efficient production capabilities based on mineral rich brine and implementation of direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies, which while having the potential to significantly increase the supply of lithium and magnesium from brine projects, the technology for DLE remains subject to many questions. A number of DLE technologies are emerging and being tested at scale, with a handful of projects already in commercial construction. However, there remain challenges around scalability and water consumption/ brine reinjection. We expect to make significant investment in research and development of the DLE process, and we will need to continue to invest heavily to scale our manufacturing to ultimately producing sufficient amounts of lithium and magnesium. We cannot assure you that our future product research and development projects and financing efforts will be successful or be completed within the anticipated time frame or budget. There is no guarantee we will achieve anticipated sales target or in a profitable manner. In addition, we cannot assure you that our existing or potential competitors will not develop products which are similar or superior to our products or are more competitively priced. As it is often difficult to project the time frame for developing new products and the duration of market window for these products, there is a substantial risk that we may have to abandon a potential product that is no longer commercially viable, even after we have invested significant resources in the development of such product and our facilities. If we fail in our product launching efforts, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
The development of non-lithium battery technologies could adversely affect us.
The development and adoption of new battery technologies that rely on inputs other than lithium compounds could significantly impact our prospects and future revenues. Current and next generation high energy density batteries for use in electric vehicles rely on lithium compounds as a critical input. Alternative materials and technologies are being researched with the goal of making batteries lighter, more efficient, faster charging and less expensive, and some of these could be less reliant on lithium compounds. We cannot predict which new technologies may ultimately prove to be commercially viable and on what time horizon. Commercialized battery technologies that use no, or significantly less, lithium could materially and adversely impact our prospects and future revenues.
Lithium and magnesium prices are subject to unpredictable fluctuations.
We expect to derive revenues, if any, from the extraction and sale of lithium and magnesium. The prices of lithium and magnesium may fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including international, economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to new extraction developments and improved extraction and production methods and technological changes in the markets for the end products. The effect of these factors on the prices of lithium, magnesium and byproducts and therefore the economic viability of any of our exploration properties, cannot accurately be predicted.
Changes in technology or other developments could adversely affect demand for lithium and magnesium compounds or result in preferences for substitute products.
Lithium, magnesium and its derivatives are preferred raw materials for certain industrial applications, such as rechargeable batteries. For example, current and future high energy density batteries for use in electric vehicles will rely on lithium compounds as a critical input. The pace of advancements in current battery technologies, development and adoption of new battery technologies that rely on inputs other than lithium compounds, or a delay in the development and adoption of future high nickel battery technologies that utilize lithium could significantly impact our prospects and future revenues. Many materials and technologies are being researched and developed with the goal of making batteries lighter, more efficient, faster charging and less expensive, some of which could be less reliant on lithium or other lithium compounds. Some of these technologies, such as commercialized battery technologies that use no, or significantly less, lithium compounds, could be successful and could adversely affect demand for lithium batteries in personal electronics, electric and hybrid vehicles and other applications. We cannot predict which new technologies may ultimately prove to be commercially viable and on what time horizon. In addition, alternatives to industrial applications dependent on lithium compounds may become more economically attractive as global commodity prices shift. Any of these events could adversely affect demand for and market prices of lithium, thereby resulting in a material adverse effect on the economic feasibility of extracting any mineralization we may discover and reducing or eliminating any reserves we may identify.
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Our business is subject to cybersecurity risks.
Our operations depend on effective and secure information technology systems. Threats to information technology systems, such as cyberattacks and cyber incidents, continue to increase. Cybersecurity risks include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to our data and the unauthorized release, corruption or loss of our data and personal information, as well as interruptions in communication and operations. It is possible that our business, financial, and other systems could be compromised, which could go unnoticed for a prolonged period of time. We have not experienced a material breach of our information technologies. Nevertheless, we continue to take steps to mitigate these risks by employing a variety of measures, including employee training, technical security controls, and maintenance of backup and protective systems. Despite these mitigation efforts, cybersecurity attacks and other threats exist and continue to increase, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Regulatory and Industry Risks
We will be required to obtain governmental permits and approvals in order to conduct development and extraction operations, a process that is often costly and time-consuming. There is no certainty that all necessary permits and approvals for our planned operations will be granted.
We are required to obtain and renew governmental permits and approvals for our exploration and development activities and, prior to extracting any mineralization we discover, we will be required to obtain additional governmental permits and approvals that we do not currently possess. Obtaining and renewing any of these governmental permits is a complex, time consuming and uncertain process involving numerous jurisdictions, public hearings, and possibly costly undertakings. The timeliness and success of permitting efforts are contingent upon many variables not within our control, including the interpretation of approval requirements administered by the applicable governmental authority.
We may not be able to obtain or renew permits or approvals that are necessary to our planned operations, or we may discover that the cost and time required to obtain or renew such permits and approvals exceeds our expectations. Any unexpected delays, costs or conditions associated with the governmental approval process could delay our planned exploration, development and extraction operations, which in turn could materially adversely affect our prospects, revenues, and profitability. In addition, our prospects may be adversely affected by the revocation or suspension of permits or by changes in the scope or conditions to use of any permits obtained.
Private parties, such as environmental activist organizations, frequently attempt to intervene in the permitting process to persuade regulators to deny necessary permits or seek to overturn permits that have been issued. These third-party actions can materially increase the costs, cause delays in the permitting process, and could cause us to not proceed with the development or operation of a property. In addition, our ability to successfully obtain key permits and approvals to explore for, develop, operate, and expand operations will likely depend on our ability to undertake such activities in a manner consistent with the creation of social and economic benefits in the surrounding communities, which may or may not be required by law. Our ability to obtain permits and approvals and to successfully operate in particular communities may be adversely affected by real or perceived detrimental events associated with our activities.
Our operations face substantial regulation of health and safety.
Our operations are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations governing worker health and safety across our operating regions and our failure to comply with applicable legal requirements can result in substantial penalties. Future changes in applicable laws, regulations, permits and approvals or changes in their enforcement or regulatory interpretation could substantially increase costs to achieve compliance, lead to the revocation of existing or future exploration or mining rights or otherwise have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position.
Our mining claims are inspected on a regular basis by government regulators who may issue citations and orders when they believe a violation has occurred under local mining regulations. If inspections result in an alleged violation, we may be subject to fines, penalties or sanctions and our mining operations could be subject to temporary or extended closures.
In addition to potential government restrictions and regulatory fines, penalties or sanctions, our ability to operate (including the effect of any impact on our workforce) and thus, our results of operations and our financial position (including because of potential related fines and sanctions), could be adversely affected by accidents, injuries, fatalities or events detrimental (or perceived to be detrimental) to the health and safety of our employees, the environment or the communities in which we operate.
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Compliance with environmental regulations and litigation based on environmental regulations could require significant expenditures.
Environmental regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards, land development, and land reclamation, and set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage, and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner that may require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for mining companies and their officers, directors, and employees. We may incur environmental costs that could have a material adverse effect on financial condition and results of operations. Any failure to remedy an environmental problem could require us to suspend operations or enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy.
Moreover, governmental authorities and private parties may bring lawsuits based upon damage to property and injury to persons resulting from the environmental, health, and safety impacts of prior and current operations. These lawsuits could lead to the imposition of substantial fines, remediation costs, penalties, and other civil and criminal sanctions, as well as reputational harm, including damage to our relationships with customers, suppliers, investors, governments or other stakeholders. Such laws, regulations, enforcement, or private claims may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Lithium and magnesium prices are subject to unpredictable fluctuations.
We expect to derive revenues, if any, from the extraction and sale of lithium and magnesium. The prices of lithium and magnesium may fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including international, economic, and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to new extraction developments and improved extraction and production methods and technological changes in the markets for the end products. The effect of these factors on the prices of lithium, magnesium and byproducts, and therefore the economic viability of any of our exploration properties, cannot accurately be predicted.
Changes in technology or other developments could adversely affect demand for lithium and magnesium compounds or result in preferences for substitute products.
Lithium and its derivatives are preferred raw materials for certain industrial applications, such as rechargeable batteries. For example, current and future high energy density batteries for use in electric vehicles will rely on lithium compounds as a critical input. The pace of advancements in current battery technologies, development and adoption of new battery technologies that rely on inputs other than lithium compounds, or a delay in the development and adoption of future high nickel battery technologies that utilize lithium could significantly impact our prospects and future revenues. Many materials and technologies are being researched and developed with the goal of making batteries lighter, more efficient, faster charging, and less expensive, some of which could be less reliant on lithium or other lithium compounds. Some of these technologies, such as commercialized battery technologies that use no, or significantly less, lithium compounds, could be successful and could adversely affect demand for lithium batteries in personal electronics, electric and hybrid vehicles, and other applications. We cannot predict which new technologies may ultimately prove to be commercially viable and on what time horizon. In addition, alternatives to industrial applications dependent on lithium and magnesium compounds may become more economically attractive as global commodity prices shift. Any of these events could adversely affect demand for and market prices of lithium and magnesium, thereby resulting in a material adverse effect on the economic feasibility of extracting any mineralization we discover and reducing or eliminating any reserves we identify.
Land reclamation and exploration restoration requirements may be burdensome and costly.
Land reclamation and exploration restoration requirements are generally imposed on mineral exploration companies, such as ours, which require us, among other things, to minimize the effects of land disturbance. Such requirements may include controlling the discharge of potentially dangerous effluents from a site and restoring a site’s landscape to its pre-exploration form. The actual costs of reclamation and exploration restoration requirements are uncertain and planned expenditures may differ from the actual expenditures required. Therefore, the amount that we are required to spend could be materially higher than any current or future estimates. Any additional amounts required to be spent on reclamation and exploration restoration may have a material adverse effect on our financial performance, financial position and results of operations and may cause us to alter our operations. Should we develop an operating mine, we will also be required to reclaim and restore future mining operations once the mine has closed. Such amounts may be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance, financial position and results of operations and may cause us to alter our operations.
We also may be required to maintain financial assurances, such as letters of credit, to secure reclamation obligations under certain laws and regulations. The failure to acquire, maintain or renew such financial assurances could subject us to fines and penalties or suspension of our operations. Letters of credit or other forms of financial assurance may represent only a portion of the total amount of money that will be spent on reclamation over the life of a mine’s operation. Although we expect to include liabilities for estimated reclamation, exploration restoration, and mine closure costs in our financial statements, it may be necessary to spend more than what we projected to fund required reclamation, exploration restoration and mine closure activities.
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Risks Related to an Investment in Our Common Stock
An active trading market for our common stock may not develop, and you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.
Our common stock trading over the counter has not been historically active. An active trading market for our shares may never develop or be sustained. No assurance can be given that our common stock will be accepted to trade on a national securities exchange. In the absence of an active trading market for our common stock, shareholders may not be able to sell their common stock at or above the price they paid for them.
Our stock price may be volatile, and the market price of our common stock may drop below the price you pay due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control.
The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations, and it may decline. Market prices for securities of early-stage companies have historically been particularly volatile. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the price you paid for them. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:
| ● | fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to our company; |
| ● | changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by securities analysts; |
| ● | failure of our business to achieve or maintain market acceptance in the lithium and magnesium industry; |
| ● | changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
| ● | success of competitive service offerings or technologies; |
| ● | changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of debt; |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of significant services, contracts, acquisitions, or strategic alliances; |
| ● | changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
| ● | regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries, or both; |
| ● | litigation involving us; |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel; |
| ● | investors’ general perception of us; and |
| ● | other events or factors, including those resulting from macroeconomic conditions, geopolitical crises, outbreak of hostilities or acts of war such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Israeli-Hamas war, and Houthi rebel ship attacks in the Red Sea, incidents of terrorism, global pandemics such as the Covid-19 pandemic, natural disasters, and similar events, as well as responses to these and similar events. |
In addition, if the market for lithium and magnesium and technology sector stocks or the stock market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition, or results of operations. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall and may expose us to class action lawsuits that, even if unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to management.
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Stockholders may experience substantial dilution in the future.
In the future, your percentage ownership in us may be diluted if we issue additional shares of our common stock or convertible debt securities in connection with acquisitions, capital market transactions, or other corporate purposes, including equity awards that we may grant to our directors, officers and employees.
Officers and directors have significant voting power and may take actions that may not be in the best interests of other stockholders.
Our executive officers and directors currently own or control 44.1% of our outstanding shares of common stock. If these stockholders act together, they will be able to exert significant control over our management and affairs requiring stockholder approval, including approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock. This concentration of ownership may not be in the best interests of all of our stockholders.
We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders may need to rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.
Our indemnification of officers and directors and limitations on their liability could limit our recourse against them.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain broad indemnification and liability limiting provisions regarding our officers, directors and employees, including the limitation of liability for certain violations of fiduciary duties. Stockholders therefore will have only limited recourse against these individuals.
If we fail to implement and maintain proper and effective internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements and public reports could be impaired, which could adversely affect our operating results, our ability to operate our business and investors’ views of us.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires our company to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in each annual report on Form 10-K.
We have identified our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective and that material weaknesses exist in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses consist of an insufficient complement of qualified accounting personnel and controls associated with segregation of duties and ineffective controls associated with identifying and accounting for complex and non-routine transactions in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, there may be errors in our consolidated financial statements and in the accompanying footnote disclosures that could require restatements. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and disclosure, which could negatively impact our stock price.
We do not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Over time, controls may become inadequate because changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may occur. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
We have additional common stock and preferred stock available for issuance, which, if issued, could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares of our common stock, and up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The common stock and the preferred stock can be issued by the Board of Directors without stockholder approval. As of March 19, 2026, there were 3,727,085 shares of our common stock outstanding and 0 shares of our preferred stock issued and outstanding.
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports, or publish unfavorable research or reports about our business, our stock price and trading volume may decline.
The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us, our business, our markets and our competitors. We do not control these analysts. If securities analysts do not cover our common stock, the lack of research coverage may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Further, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary about us or our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fails to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the market and interest in our stock could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline and may also impair our ability to develop our business.
Future sales and issuances of our common stock could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our share price to fall.
We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations, including hiring new personnel, developing our properties, and continuing activities as an operating public company. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights superior to our existing stockholders.
We may be at risk of securities class action litigation.
We may be at risk of securities class action litigation. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business and results in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
Financial reporting obligations of being a public company in the U.S. are expensive and time-consuming, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to compliance matters.
As a publicly traded company we incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses. The obligations of being a public company in the U.S. require significant expenditures and place significant demands on our management and other personnel, including costs resulting from public company reporting obligations under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations regarding corporate governance practices, including those under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. These rules require the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and procedures, internal control over financial reporting and changes in corporate governance practices, among many other complex rules that are often difficult to implement, monitor and maintain compliance with. Moreover, despite recent reforms made possible by the JOBS Act, the reporting requirements, rules, and regulations will make some activities more time-consuming and costly, particularly after we are a “smaller reporting company.” Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to ensure that we comply with all of these requirements and to keep pace with new regulations, otherwise we may fall out of compliance and risk becoming subject to litigation or being delisted, among other potential problems.
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control, which may cause our stock price to decline.
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if closing such a transaction would be beneficial to our stockholders. We are authorized to issue up to 10 million shares of preferred stock. This preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our board of directors without further action by stockholders. The terms of any series of preferred stock may include voting rights (including the right to vote as a series on particular matters), preferences as to dividend, liquidation, conversion and redemption rights and sinking fund provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could materially adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock, and therefore, reduce the value of our common stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell our assets to, a third party and thereby preserve control by the present management.
Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws and Delaware law also could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or making a tender offer or delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a stockholder might consider favorable. Such provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. In particular, our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law, as applicable, among other things:
| ● | provide the board of directors with the ability to alter our Bylaws without stockholder approval; | |
| ● | place limitations on the removal of directors; and | |
| ● | provide that vacancies on the board of directors may be filled by a majority of directors in office, although less than a quorum. |
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Our stock is a penny stock subject to SEC penny stock regulations, which could restrict the trading activity and limit the ability to buy and sell our stock.
Our company’s stock qualifies as a penny stock, as defined by Rule 15g-9 of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), due to its market price being below $5.00 per share. This classification subjects our stock to regulatory restrictions imposed by the SEC and FINRA.
Under SEC regulations, broker-dealers are required to comply with additional sales practice requirements when trading penny stocks with individuals who are not established customers or accredited investors. These requirements include the delivery of a standardized risk disclosure document approved by the SEC, provision of current bid and offer quotations, disclosure of broker-dealer compensation, and issuance of monthly account statements to customers holding penny stocks. Prior to executing a transaction involving penny stocks, broker-dealers must assess the suitability of the investment for the purchaser and obtain written agreement from the purchaser.
Furthermore, FINRA mandates that broker-dealers must have reasonable grounds to believe that an investment is suitable for a customer before recommending it. This requirement necessitates gathering information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives, and other relevant details. FINRA’s regulations regarding speculative low-priced securities create additional hurdles for broker-dealers in recommending or trading our company’s common stock.
These regulatory obligations may diminish the level of trading activity in the secondary market for our stock, potentially limiting investors’ ability to buy and sell our stock efficiently. Investors should be aware that these regulatory constraints on penny stock trading could impact the marketability and liquidity of our common stock.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Risk Management and Strategy
Our company recognizes the critical importance of addressing cybersecurity threats and managing associated risks. As part of our risk management strategy, our Board of Directors actively oversees and reviews our strategic direction, considering our risk profile and exposure.
Given
that our day-to-day operations involve a limited number of individuals, we rely on technology systems operated and managed by third parties.
We have established agreements with these
As
of the date of this filing, we are
For more detailed information about the specific cybersecurity risks our company faces, please refer to the risk factor titled “Our business is subject to cybersecurity risks” in Item IA. Risk Factors of this Form 10-K.
Item 2. Properties.
The Company’s address is 500 West Putnam Avenue, Suite 400, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830. We have contracted a third-party office provider to provide full office services on a need basis, with a monthly payment of $153.
Details about our mining claims can be found on pages 6-8 of this report, under the section titled “Our Lisbon Valley Lithium Project”.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. There are no material legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their property is the subject.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Act”) and Item 104 of Regulation S-K require certain mine safety disclosures to be made by companies that operate mines regulated under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. However, the requirements of the Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K do not apply as the Company does not engage in mining activities. Therefore, the Company is not required to make such disclosures.
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PART II
Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities.
There is no established public trading market for our Common Stock. Our Common Stock is currently quoted on the OTC Markets Group’s Pink (Current Information) Open Market under the trading symbol “BLTH”. For the periods indicated, the following table sets forth the high and low bid prices per share of Common Stock based on inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
| Fiscal Year 2024 | High Bid | Low Bid | ||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 5.00 | $ | 1.75 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 3.75 | $ | 1.25 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 2.45 | $ | 0.16 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 5.00 | $ | 1.35 | ||||
| Fiscal Year 2025 | High Bid | Low Bid | ||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 8.50 | $ | 0.73 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 7.98 | $ | 4.50 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 7.25 | $ | 2.18 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 7.00 | $ | 3.05 | ||||
The last reported sales price of our common stock on the OTC Pink on March 18, 2026, was $3.75. All stock prices reflect the 1-for-300 reverse stock split effective as of December 8, 2023, and the 1-for-5 reverse stock split effective January 24, 2025
The market value of our common stock is susceptible to significant changes driven by fluctuations in our quarterly operational results, general market trends, and various external factors, many of which are outside our direct control. Additionally, broader market volatility, along with general economic, business, and political conditions, may adversely affect the market demand for our common stock, regardless of our actual or forecasted performance.
Penny Stock Rules
The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system).
Our shares constitute penny stock under the Securities Exchange Act. The shares will remain penny stocks for the foreseeable future. The classification of penny stock makes it more difficult for a broker-dealer to sell the stock into a secondary market, which makes it more difficult for a purchaser to liquidate his/her investment. Any broker-dealer engaged by the purchaser for the purpose of selling his or her shares in us will be subject to Rules 15g-1 through 15g-10 of the Securities and Exchange Act. Rather than creating a need to comply with those rules, some broker-dealers will refuse to attempt to sell penny stock.
The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document, which:
| ● | contains a description of the nature and level of risk in the market for penny stock in both public offerings and secondary trading; |
| ● | contains a brief, clear, narrative description of a dealer market, including “bid” and “ask” price for the penny stock and the significance of the spread between the bid and ask price; |
| ● | contains a toll-free telephone number for inquiries on disciplinary actions; |
| ● | defines significant terms in the disclosure document or in the conduct of trading penny stocks; and |
| ● | contains such other information and is in such form (including language, type, size and format) as the SEC shall require by rule or regulation. |
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The broker-dealer also must provide, prior to effecting any transaction in a penny stock, to the customer:
| ● | the bid and offer quotations for the penny stock; |
| ● | the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction; |
| ● | the number of shares to which such bid and ask prices apply, or other comparable information relating to the depth and liquidity of the market for such stock; and |
| ● | monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. |
In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules; the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement, a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks, and a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements will have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our stock because it will be subject to these penny stock rules. Therefore, stockholders may have difficulty selling their securities.
Reports
We are subject to certain filing requirements and will furnish annual financial reports to our stockholders, audited by our independent registered public accounting firm, and will furnish un-audited quarterly financial reports in our quarterly reports filed electronically with the SEC. All reports and information filed by us can be found at the SEC website, www.sec.gov.
Issued and Outstanding Shares
The Company’s certificate of incorporation authorizes 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001; and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001. As of March 19, 2026, the Company had 3,727,085 shares of common stock, and 0 shares of preferred stock, issued and outstanding.
Stockholders
As of March 19, 2026, the Company had approximately 765 record holders of its common stock. This number does not include the number of persons whose shares are in nominee or in “street name” accounts through brokers.
Dividend Policy
The Company did not pay dividends during the years ending December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our common stock and intend to retain future earnings, if any, to support our operations and to finance expansion. Therefore, it does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future.
Stock Transfer Agent and Warrant Agent
The Company’s stock transfer agent is Transfer Online, 512 SE Salmon Street 2nd Floor, Portland, OR 97214-3444. The Company acts as its own warrant agent for its outstanding warrants and maintains all records for its preferred shares.
Recent Issuances of Unregistered Securities
The following information represents securities sold by the Company during the period covered by this Annual Report, and the subsequent period, which were not registered under the Securities Act. Included are sales of reacquired securities, as well as new issues, securities issued in exchange for property, services, or other securities, and new securities resulting from the modification of outstanding securities. All issuances were exempt under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act unless otherwise noted.
| ● | On January 15, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note for the principal amount of $25,000. | |
| ● | On February 10, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount of $10,000. | |
| ● | On February 11, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount of $10,000. |
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| ● | On February 27, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount of $10,000. | |
| ● | On April 7, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount of $50,000. | |
| ● | On April 15, 2025, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock to a party in exchange for services provided. | |
| ● | On April 15, 2025, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock to a party in exchange for services provided. | |
| ● | On April 15, 2025, the Company issued 15,000 shares of common stock to a party in exchange for services provided. | |
| ● | On April 21, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory for the principal amount of $25,000. | |
| ● | On April 25, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory for the principal amount of $25,000. | |
| ● | On May 6, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note for the principal amount of $25,000. | |
| ● | On May 8, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note for the principal amount of $50,000. | |
| ● | On May 19, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note for the principal amount of $50,000. | |
| ● | On June 5, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note for the principal amount of $20,000. | |
| ● | On August 1, 2025, a new convertible promissory note was issued to a related party, with a principal amount of $15,721.27 | |
| ● | On August 6, 2025, a new convertible promissory note was issued to a non-related party, with a principal amount of $50,000 | |
| ● | On August 6, 2025, a new convertible promissory note was issued to a non-related party, with a principal amount of $50,000 | |
| ● | Between August 1, 2025, and August 6, 2025, the Company entered into extension agreements with certain noteholders of its promissory and convertible notes. Under the terms of these agreements, the maturity dates of the notes were extended to October 31, 2025. In consideration for the extensions, the noteholders received a 10% increase in the principal amount of their notes and additional shares of common stock. The total additional shares issued in connection with these extensions amounted to 171,715 shares, and the aggregate principal increase was $646,498 | |
| ● | Most Favored Nation Adjustment: Three convertible promissory notes with original maturity dates of August 1, 2025, August 6, 2025 and August 6, 2025, and outstanding principal of $15,721.27, $50,000 and $50,000, respectively, received terms consistent with the extension agreements, including a 10% increase in principal and 378, 1,200 and 1,200 additional shares of common stock, respectively, pursuant to a Most Favored Nation clause. The maturity date of the notes is January 31, 2026. | |
| ● | On August 27, 2025, the company issued the 171,715 shares related to the note extensions and the 2,778 shares related to the Most Favored Nations clause. | |
| ● | On August 28, 2025, a new convertible promissory note was issued to a Adam Lipson, with a principal amount of $50,000. | |
| ● | On September 12, 2025, a new convertible promissory note was issued to a non-related party, with a principal amount of $25,000. | |
| ● | On October 23, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount of $200,000 for Accrued Payroll. | |
| ● | On October 23, 2025, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount of $34,200 for Accrued Expenses. |
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| ● | On October 31, 2025, the Company entered into extension agreements with certain noteholders of its promissory and convertible notes. Under the terms of these agreements, the maturity dates of the notes were extended to January 31, 2026. In consideration for the extensions, the noteholders received a 10% increase in the principal amount of their notes and additional shares of common stock. The total additional shares issued in connection with these extensions amounted to 196,557 shares, and the aggregate principal increase was $731,377. As of January 9, 2026, none of the promissory or convertible notes were in default. | |
| ● | On October 31, 2025, two convertible promissory notes with original maturity dates of January 31, 2026, and outstanding principal of $200,000 and $34,200, respectively, received terms consistent with the extension agreements, including a 10% increase in principal (aggregate amount of $23,420) and 4,811 and 823 additional shares of common stock, respectively, pursuant to a Most Favored Nation clause. The maturity date of the notes remains January 31, 2026. As of January 9, 2026, none of the promissory or convertible notes were in default. | |
| ● | On November 4, 2025, the Company issued 14,740 shares of common stock to three parties in exchange for services provided. | |
| ● | On January 16, 2026, the Company issued 35,013 shares of common stock for exercise of stock options. | |
| ● | On January 16, 2026, the Company issued 2,635 shares of common stock for services provided. | |
| ● | On February 23, 2026, the Company issued a promissory note for the principal amount of $50,000. |
| ● | On March 16, 2026, the Company issued 5,000 shares of common stock for services provided. | |
| ● | On March 16, 2026, the Company entered into extension agreements with certain noteholders of its promissory and convertible notes. Under the terms of these agreements, the maturity dates of the notes were extended to June 30, 2026. In consideration for the extensions, the noteholders received a 12.5% increase in the principal amount of their notes and additional shares of common stock. The total additional shares issued in connection with these extensions amounted to 542,066 shares, and the aggregate principal increase was $1,045,346. | |
● |
On March 18, 2026, the Company issued a promissory note for the principal amount of $25,000. |
Shares Repurchased by the Registrant
The Company did not purchase or repurchase any of its securities in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
On July 22, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and on July 26, 2011, stockholders holding a majority of shares of the Company approved, by written consent, the Plan and the issuance under the Plan of 16,667 shares. On November 16, 2017, the Board of Directors approved an increase of 33,334 shares to be made available for issuance under the Plan. Accordingly, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Plan is 50,000 shares. On August 13, 2024, the Board of Directors adopted the American Battery Materials Inc. 2024 Incentive Compensation Plan, which was deemed desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation, authorizing the executive officers to implement and administer this new plan, reserving 800,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance. Awards may be granted to employees, officers, directors, consultants, agents, advisors and independent contractors of the Company and its related companies. Such options may be designated at the time of grant as either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options. Stock based compensation includes expense charges related to all stock-based awards. Such awards include options, warrants and stock grants. Generally, the Company issues stock options that vest over three years and expire in 5 to 10 years.
The Company records share-based payments under the provisions of FASB ASC 718. Stock based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on certain assumptions. The Company estimated the expected volatility based on data used by peer group of public companies. The expected term was estimated using the simplified method. The risk-free interest rate assumption was determined using the equivalent U.S. Treasury bonds yield over the expected term. The Company has never paid any cash dividends and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the Company assumed an expected dividend yield of zero.
The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2025, regarding equity compensation plans under which the equity securities are authorized for issuance.
Equity Plan Compensation Information
| Plan Category | Number
of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted
average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number
of securities remaining available under equity compensation Plans | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by securities holders (1) | 566,000 | $ | 1.55 | 234,000 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | - | $ | - | |||||||||
| Total | 566,000 | $ | 1.61 | 234,000 | ||||||||
| (1) | Pursuant to the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan. |
Item 6. [Reserved].
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained herein constitute “forward-looking statements”. Except for the historical information contained herein, this report contains forward-looking statements (identified by the words “estimate,” “project,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “believe,” “hope,” “strategy” and similar expressions), which are based on our current expectations and speak only as of the date made. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those discussed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report, and those described herein that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated in the forward-looking statements, and the following:
| ● | Our expectations about the strength of the global demand for lithium and magnesium; |
| ● | Lithium prices may experience fluctuations due to market dynamics and economic conditions; |
| ● | The sustainability of industries relying on lithium and magnesium may be influenced by factors such as consumer preferences and regulatory requirements; |
| ● | Expected benefits from business activities, such as the expectation that we will derive revenue from lithium and magnesium extraction; |
| ● | Higher than expected capital costs due to, among other things, supply chain disruptions, higher transportation costs, and inflation; |
| ● | Anticipated production costs and production estimates. |
The following discussion and analysis provides information that our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial condition, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes that appear elsewhere in this report.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis is a supplement to our financial statements, including notes, referenced elsewhere in this Annual Report, and is provided to enhance your understanding of our operations and financial condition. Due to rounding, some parts of this discussion may not sum or calculate precisely to the totals and percentages provided in the tables.
Overview and Outlook
We are a U.S. based renewable energy company focused on the extraction, refinement and distribution of technical minerals in an environmentally responsible manner. On November 5, 2021, we acquired the rights to 102 federal mining claims located in the Lisbon Valley of Utah for $100,000 plus the future payment of royalties based on a percentage of the net revenue (2%) from the sale of all minerals produced from this portion of the mining property. The acquisition was driven by historical mineral data from seven existing wells with brine aquifer access. We are defined as an exploration stage issuer, under SEC Regulation S-K Item 1300. An independent third-party technical report indicated that further investment and development in the claims was warranted, although no determination has been made whether we have any reserves of minerals. Similarly, no determination has been made whether mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted. We have no mineral reserves as defined by Regulation S-K Item 1300 and have had no mining revenue to date.
In July 2023, we acquired and staked additional lithium mining claims adjacent to our Lisbon Valley Project in Utah. The new claims have been registered with the BLM. We now own a total of 743 placer claims over 14,320 acres (approximately 22 square miles), comprised of the 102 original mining claims and 641 new claims.
On April 25, 2023, we formed Mountain Sage Minerals, LLC, a Utah limited liability company. We plan to expand our holdings in the Lisbon Valley area with the acquisition of additional mineral claims and joint venture opportunities through this entity.
On June 1, 2023, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Seaport Global Acquisition II Corp. (“SGII”) and Lithium Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of SGII. SGII is a blank check company, also referred to as a special purpose acquisition company, formed for the purpose of effectuating a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses. As a result of the Merger Agreement, we would have become a wholly owned subsidiary of SGII. Following material changes to the transaction proposed by SGII making the transaction untenable to us, on November 20, 2023, SGII notified us that it had elected to terminate the Merger Agreement.
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We have been moving forward with our strategy of employing advanced brine extractive technology methodologies and have been in talks with numerous extraction providers. Selective mineral extraction is the most cost-effective and ESG friendly approach currently available. Technologies are being utilized that can extract the desired minerals and metals from the brine and then re-inject the brines back down into the aquifer. The prospective partners have been provided the analytical results from the technical reports, but will soon provide current results, analytical, geotech modeling, aquifer modeling, recharge, flows and depth. We will need funding to support continuing operations and support our growth strategy and we will need to finance operations by offering any combination of equity offerings, debt financing, collaborations, strategic alliances or other licensing arrangements. There is no assurance we will be able to raise sufficient capital to finance our operations.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2025, compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Revenue
For the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, our company had no revenue.
Operating Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025, were $1,863,256, an increase of $294,549 or 19%, compared to $1,568,707 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in operating expenses was mainly due to an increase in share-based compensation.
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment
During the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1,744,906 and $1,842,273, respectively.
Fair Value of Stock Issued for Note Modification
During the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded a fair value of stock issued for note modification of $2,082,423 and $449,660, respectively.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $719,979, as compared to $446,278 during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, the net loss for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $6,410,564 as compared to the net loss of $4,306,918 during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We require cash to fund our operating expenses and working capital requirements, including outlays for capital expenditures. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. Our company had a net loss of $6,410,564 during the year ended December 31, 2025, had accumulated losses totaling $30,957,121, and a working capital deficit of $10,502,348 as of December 31, 2025. These factors, among others, indicate that our company may be unable to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Since we acquired our first mining claims in November 2021, we have faced an increasingly challenging liquidity situation that has limited our ability to execute our operating plan. Our company will need to raise additional financing in order to fund its operations for the next 12 months and to allow us to continue the development of its business plans and satisfy its obligations on a timely basis. Should additional financing not be available, we will have to negotiate with its lenders to extend the repayment dates of its indebtedness. There can be no assurance that our company will be able to successfully restructure its debt obligations in the event it fails to obtain additional financing.
Sources of additional capital through various financing transactions or arrangements with third parties may include equity or debt financing, bank loans or revolving credit facilities. We may not be successful in locating suitable financing transactions in the time period required or at all and we may not obtain the capital we require by other means. Unless we can attract additional investment, our operating as a going concern is in doubt.
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If we are unable to obtain sufficient amounts of additional capital, we may have to cease filing the required reports and cease operations completely. If we obtain additional funds by selling any of our equity securities or by issuing common stock to pay current or future obligations, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, stockholders may experience additional dilution, or the equity securities may have rights preferences or privileges senior to the common stock.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2025, our company used $499,416 of cash in operating activities as a result of our net loss of $6,410,564, offset by gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt of $1,744,906, fair value of stock issued for note modification of $2,082,423, share-based compensation of $838,358, accrued interest of $698,990, and net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $546,471.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our company used $750,311 of cash in operating activities as a result of our net loss of $4,306,918, offset by gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt of $1,842,273 and amortization of debt discount of $28,497, fair value of stock issued for note modification of $449,660, share-based compensation of $67,586, accrued interest of $364,879 and net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $ 803,712.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our company had no investing activities.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2025, financing activities provided $490,000, resulting from $480,000 in proceeds from convertible notes and $10,000 in proceeds from promissory notes.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, financing activities provided $755,831, resulting from $210,000 in proceeds from convertible notes and $770,831 in proceeds from promissory notes, and offset by repayment of promissory notes of $225,000.
Critical Accounting Policies
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For certain of our financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to our short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by us. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
| ● | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. We consider active markets as those in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. |
| ● | Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. This category includes those derivative instruments that we value using observable market data. Substantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the term of the derivative instruments, can be derived from observable data, or supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. |
| ● | Level 3: Measured based on prices or valuation models that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and less observable from objective sources (i.e. supported by little or no market activity). |
Derivative Financial Instruments
We evaluate our financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. Certain warrants issued by us contain terms that result in the warrants being classified as derivative liabilities for accounting purposes. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair market value and then is revalued at each reporting date, with changes in fair value reported in the consolidated statement of operations. We do not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risks.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not required by smaller companies.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
December 31, 2025 and 2024
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of American Battery Materials, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern Considerations
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has suffered recurring losses since inception and has not achieved profitable operations, which raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
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Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
| I. | Accounting for Convertible Notes |
Critical Audit Matter Description
As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company issued multiple convertible notes during 2025, which contained embedded features. Under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, management is required to assess whether these embedded features should be bifurcated and accounted for separately as derivative liabilities.
The auditing of the Company’s convertible notes involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the complexity of the embedded features and the application of complex accounting guidance and consideration of various terms and conditions within the convertible note agreements.
Audit Response
Our audit procedures to address the accounting of the convertible notes included the following, among others:
| - | We obtained and read the terms and conditions of all convertible notes issued to understand the various features associated with the convertible notes. |
| - | We assessed whether the embedded features met the bifurcation criteria under ASC 815, including the evaluation of whether these features were clearly and closely related to the debt host. |
| - | We evaluated management’s application of ASC 815-15 and ASC 480 to determine whether the identified embedded features should be classified as derivatives and assessed the appropriateness of their conclusions. |
| - | We evaluated the competency and objectivity of management’s expert engaged by the Company to assist in the accounting analysis of the convertible notes. |
March 19, 2026
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
PCAOB
ID Number
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AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Noncurrent assets | ||||||||
| Mineral claims | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Promissory notes payable, net of discount | ||||||||
| Promissory notes payable – related party | ||||||||
| Convertible notes payable, net of discount | ||||||||
| Convertible notes payable – related party | ||||||||
| Current capital lease obligation | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ deficit | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ par value, shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value, shares authorized, and shares issued and outstanding, respectively | ||||||||
| Additional paid in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
| Year Ended | Year Ended | |||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other Expenses / Income | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Fair value of stock issued for note modification | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total other expenses / income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income (loss) from operations before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Provision for income taxes | ||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Weighted average common shares – basic and diluted | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit
Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
| Preferred stock | Common stock | Additional Paid in | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity/(Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for services | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for note modification | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for services | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for note modification | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| Year Ended | Year Ended | |||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | ||||||||
| Fair value of stock issued for note modification | ||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ||||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from convertible notes | ||||||||
| Proceeds from convertible notes – related party | ||||||||
| Proceeds from promissory notes | ||||||||
| Proceeds from promissory notes – related party | ||||||||
| Repayment of promissory notes | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| - | ||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash, beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures: | ||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of non-cash items: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued payable exchanged for convertible note | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Note 1 - Nature of the Business
American
Battery Materials Inc. (the “Company”) is a US based renewable energy company focused on the extraction, refinement and distribution
of technical minerals in an environmentally responsible manner. On November 5, 2021, the Company acquired the rights to 102 Federal Mining
Claims located in the Lisbon Valley of Utah for $
On
April 25, 2023, the Company formed Mountain Sage Minerals, LLC, a Utah limited liability company, of which it is the
On May 1, 2023, FINRA completed the processing of our application for a name change, and our name was officially changed to American Battery Materials Inc. At the same time, the Company’s trading symbol was changed to BLTH. These changes better reflect the business of the Company.
On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Seaport Global Acquisition II Corp., a Delaware corporation (“SGII”), and Lithium Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of SGII (“Merger Sub”). SGII is a blank check company, also referred to as a special purpose acquisition company, formed for the purpose of effectuating a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses. Following material changes to the transaction proposed by SGII making the transaction untenable to us, on November 20, 2023, SGII notified us that it had elected to terminate the Merger Agreement.
On January 16, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of Delaware to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common stock at a ratio of one share for every 5 shares outstanding prior to the effective date of the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split became effective on January 24, 2025. The total number of authorized shares of common stock was reduced from shares to shares. The par value of the class Common Stock will remain the same at $ per share. The authorized shares of the Corporation’s preferred stock, par value $ per share will not change. All per share amounts and number of shares in the consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the Reverse Split.
The Company has been moving forward with its strategy of employing advanced brine extractive technology methodologies and has been in talks with numerous extraction providers. Selective mineral extraction is clearly the most cost-effective and ESG friendly approach currently available. Technologies are being utilized that can extract the desired minerals and metals from the brine and then re-inject the brines back down into the aquifer. The prospective partners have been provided the analytical results from the technical reports, but will soon provide current results, analytical, geotech modeling, aquifer modeling, recharge, flows and depth.
Note 2 - Going Concern
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Company had a net loss of $
| 35 |
Until the Company can generate significant cash from operations, its ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining additional financing. The Company hopes to raise additional financing, potentially through the sale of debt or equity instruments, or a combination, to fund its operations for the next 12 months and allow the Company to continue the development of its business plans and satisfy its obligations on a timely basis. Should additional financing not be available, the Company will have to negotiate with its lenders to extend the repayment dates of its indebtedness. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully restructure its debt obligations in the event it fails to obtain additional financing. These conditions have raised substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements, which has not been alleviated.
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Company’s fiscal year end is December 31.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and be based on events different from those assumptions. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; estimating, therefore, requires the exercise of judgment. Thus, accounting estimates change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, or as additional information is obtained.
Property and Equipment
Property
and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful life of the assets. Equipment has estimated useful lives between three and
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If it is determined that an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value.
Mineral Rights and Properties
The
Company capitalizes acquisition costs until the Company determines the economic viability of the property. Since the Company does not
have proven and probable reserves as defined by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-K Item 1300, exploration
expenditures are expensed as incurred. The Company expenses mineral lease costs and repair and maintenance costs as incurred. The Company
reviews the carrying value of our properties for impairment, including mineral rights, upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances
that indicate the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. During the period ending December 31, 2023, the Company took action
to expand on its rights to 102 federal mining claims located in the Lisbon Valley of Utah that it purchased on November 5, 2021, for
$
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share reflect the actual weighted average of shares issued and outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are computed including the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares had been issued. In a loss period, the calculation for basic and diluted earnings per share is considered to be the same, as the impact of potential common shares is anti-dilutive.
| 36 |
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were approximately and shares respectively, potentially issuable under convertible debt agreements, options, warrants and preferred stock that could dilute basic earnings per share if converted that were excluded from the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net losses.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. Certain warrants issued by the Company contain terms that result in the warrants being classified as derivative liabilities for accounting purposes. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair market value and then is revalued at each reporting date, with changes in fair value reported in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risks.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
| ● | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. The Company considers active markets as those in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. | |
| ● | Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. This category includes those derivative instruments that the Company values using observable market data. Substantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the term of the derivative instruments, can be derived from observable data, or supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. | |
| ● | Level 3: Measured based on prices or valuation models that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and less observable from objective sources (i.e. supported by little or no market activity). Level 3 instruments include derivative warrant instruments. The Company does not have sufficient corroborating evidence to support classifying these assets and liabilities as Level 1 or Level 2. |
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” which requires all stock-based awards granted to employees, directors and non-employees to be measured at grant date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as expense. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally equivalent to the vesting period. The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The measurement date for the non-forfeitable awards to non-employees that vest immediately is the date the award is issued.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” the core principle of which is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of control for promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In applying the revenue recognition principles, an entity is required to identify the contract(s) with a customer, identify the performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognize revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied (i.e., either over time or at a point in time). ASC 606 further requires that companies disclose sufficient information to enable readers of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
The
Company recognized $
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Convertible Debt
The Company issues convertible notes as part of its financing strategy, which may contain embedded features such as conversion options, redemption provisions, and contractual adjustments like most favored nations clauses. Convertible debt is accounted for under ASC 470, Debt, as amended by ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options, adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2024. This standard simplifies the accounting by eliminating certain separation models for convertible instruments, requiring the Company to evaluate the debt as a single instrument unless bifurcation of embedded derivatives is required under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
Convertible notes are initially recorded at their principal amount, net of issuance costs or discounts, and classified as liabilities unless specific features mandate equity classification. Interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method over the notes’ terms.
The Company’s convertible debt instruments are debt host financial instruments containing embedded features, some of which would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt-host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic estimated fair value measurements under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Embedded features are assessed to determine if they require bifurcation as derivatives. Features are bifurcated if their economic characteristics and risks are not clearly and closely related to the debt host, the hybrid instrument is not remeasured at fair value through earnings, and the feature would qualify as a standalone derivative. Bifurcated derivatives are recorded at fair value, with subsequent changes recognized in earnings. However, features contingent on events with low probability (e.g., uplisting or an event of default) are assigned immaterial value. The Company continues to monitor its facts and circumstances in each reporting period to evaluate whether each immaterial embedded feature’s fair value or change to it is significant and would therefore need to be ascribed value.
Common stock issued with convertible notes are treated as freestanding equity instruments under ASC 815-40, recorded at fair value in additional paid-in capital, with proceeds allocated between the debt and shares using the relative fair value method. The fair value of the shares issued are treated as a discount to the value of the convertible debt issued.
Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized as additional interest expense over the debt term, unless allocated to bifurcated derivatives, in which case they are expensed immediately if material.
Refinancings of convertible and promissory notes previously issued by the Company are evaluated under ASC 470-50, Modifications and Extinguishments, or ASC 470-60, Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors. A refinancing is accounted for as an extinguishment if the present value of cash flows under the new terms differs by at least 10% from the original terms or if a substantive conversion option is added or eliminated. When an extinguishment occurs, the original debt is derecognized and the new debt is recorded at fair value, recognizing any gain or loss in earnings. If not extinguished, a refinancing is treated as a modification with no gain or loss recognition. If the Company were to experience multiple changes to the same debt within a one-year period, and the first of those changes were determined to be a modification, the Company would then evaluate the changes within the one-year period on a cumulative basis.
A refinancing is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Company is experiencing financial difficulty and the creditor grants a concession (e.g., reduced effective interest rate). For TDRs, the carrying amount is adjusted only if undiscounted future cash flows fall below the net carrying value of the original debt. When the undiscounted future cash flows of refinanced debt fall below the net carrying value of the original debt, the Company would record a gain for the difference. It would further adjust the carrying value of the debt to the future undiscounted cash flow amount with no interest expense recorded going forward. All future interest payments would then reduce the carrying value of the respective debt modified. If the undiscounted future cash flows are greater than the carrying value of the original debt, no gain would be recorded. The Company would then calculate a new effective interest rate based upon the carrying value of the original debt and the revised future cash flows under the terms of the new debt.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances disclosure requirements related to income taxes, including rate reconciliation and taxes paid by jurisdiction. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We will adopt ASU 2023-09 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026. We are currently evaluating the impacts of the improvements to income tax disclosure.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Liabilities—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 405-50): Recognition and Initial Measurement, clarifying accounting by a joint venture upon formation and requiring fair value measurement of contributed assets and liabilities. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2024, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company does not expect a material impact upon adoption.
| 38 |
In April 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-04, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, expanding the use of this method to additional tax credit structures. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company does not expect a material impact upon adoption.
In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Disclosure Framework—Changes to Income Tax Disclosure Requirements, which further refines disclosure requirements to improve consistency and comparability. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-07, Leases (Topic 842): Disclosures about Leasing Arrangements, which enhances qualitative and quantitative lease disclosures. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. The amendments clarify and reorganize existing interim reporting guidance, including the scope of Topic 270 and interim disclosure requirements, and introduce a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose material events or changes occurring since the most recent annual reporting period. ASU 2025-11 is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-11 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-12, Accounting Standards Codification Improvements, which clarifies guidance and makes minor improvements across various topics, including earnings per share, receivables, revenue, income taxes, and equity. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
The Company has examined recent accounting pronouncements and determined that they will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Note 4 – Debt
Promissory Notes Payable and Promissory Notes Payable - Related Party
In
2014 and 2016, the Company issued two promissory notes in the total principal amount of $
During
the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued two additional unsecured promissory notes and borrowed an aggregate amount of $
Accrued
interest at December 31, 2023, on these notes totaled $
During
the year ended December 31, 2024, the above-mentioned promissory notes were forgiven. The principal in the amount of $
During
the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company entered into 5 promissory note agreements in the aggregate amount of $
During the year ended December 31, 2024:
| ● | On
March 21, 2024, two (2) promissory note agreements with the related party in the aggregate amount of $ | |
| ● | On
March 22, 2024, one (1) promissory note in the aggregate amount of $ | |
| ● | On
March 22, 2024, one (1) promissory note agreement with the related party in the aggregate amount of $ |
| 39 |
| ● | On
March 28, 2024, one (1) promissory note agreement in the aggregate amount of $ |
| ● | Between
May 16 and August 28, 2024, five (5) short-term promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $ |
During
the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into short-term promissory note agreement in the amount of $
During
the year ended December 31, 2024, short-term promissory note in the amount of $
During
the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company entered into 4 promissory note agreements in the aggregate amount of $
Convertible Notes Payable and Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party
In
February 2023, the Company entered into a convertible promissory note agreement in the amount of $
| 40 |
During
the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into Note Purchase Agreements with seven investors not affiliated with the Company
(the “Purchasers”) pursuant to which the Purchasers purchased from the Company convertible notes (the “Convertible
Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $
The
Convertible Notes provide for a maturity of
(a) The Convertible Notes automatically convert into Conversion Shares upon the shares of the Company’s common stock being listed on a higher exchange due to the (i) pricing and funding of an S-1 registration statement; or, (ii) the closing of a transaction resulting in the uplist (either, a “Triggering Transaction”). The conversion price for the Conversion Shares in an automatic conversion shall be equal to:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(b)
The Purchasers have the right to convert into Conversion Shares, in whole or in part, at any time after 180-days following the Issuance
Date. The conversion price for the Conversion Shares in a voluntary conversion shall be equal to
During
the year ended December 31, 2024, notes with six investors not affiliated with the Company were amended with an increase in principal
from $
Conditions
of the note with one (1) purchaser were amended several times (once under the MFN provision) resulting in an increase in principal from
$
During
the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into ten convertible promissory note agreements in the aggregate amount of $
During the year ended December 31, 2025:
| ● | The
company entered into five convertible promissory note agreements in the aggregate amount of $ | |
| ● | The
company entered into seven convertible promissory note agreements in the aggregate amount of $ |
| 41 |
| ● | The
company entered into seven short-term convertible promissory note agreements in the aggregate amount of $ |
Scheduled maturities of debt remaining as of December 31, 2025, for each respective fiscal year end are as follows:
| 2026 | ||||
| Total | $ |
Note 5 - Capital Lease Obligations
During
the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company entered into various capital lease agreements. The leases expire at various points through
the year ended December 31, 2023. The remaining balance of $
Note 6 - Capital Stock
On January 16, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of Delaware to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common stock at a ratio of one share for every 5 shares outstanding prior to the effective date of the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split became effective on January 24, 2025. The total number of authorized shares of common stock was reduced from shares to shares. The par value of the class Common Stock will remain the same at $ per share. The authorized shares of the Corporation’s preferred stock, par value $ per share will not change.
The
Company filed a certificate of amendment to its certificate of incorporation, which effectuated as of December 8, 2023, a reverse split
of the Company’s common stock by a ratio of
On October 20, 2022 the Company, following receipt of written approval from stockholders acting without a meeting and holding at least the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting, filed an amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation to (i) change the name of the Company to “American Battery Materials, Inc.” (the “Name Change”); and (ii) increase the total number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ per share, from to (the “Authorized Share Increase”). The Authorized Share Increase was effective as of October 20, 2022. The Name Change was processed by FINRA and was effective as of May 1, 2023, at which time the Company’s trading symbol was changed to BLTH.
On
October 20, 2022, in addition to the Name Change and the Authorized Share Increase, the holder of
| 1. | Future amendment of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to implement a decrease in the authorized shares of the Company’s Common Stock from to a number of not less than and not more than (the “Authorized Share Reduction”), at any time prior to October 20, 2023 (the “Anniversary Date”), with the Board having the discretion to determine whether or not the Authorized Share Reduction is to be effected, and if effected, the exact number of the Authorized Share Reduction within the above range. | |
| 2. | Future
amendment of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to implement a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock
by a ratio of not less than |
| 42 |
Preferred Stock
The Company has authorization for preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to common stock. As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were shares of preferred stock authorized, and shares issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The Company has authorized shares of common stock, with and shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
During
the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock for services valued at
$
During
the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock for services valued at $
Warrants
As
of December 31, 2025, the Company had
| Post-split | Number of Warrants | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term | |||||||||
| Balance outstanding at December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||
| Exercised | - | |||||||||||
| Cancelled | - | |||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | - | |||||||||
| Balance outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2025 | $ | - | ||||||||||
Options
Stock
options are awarded to the Company’s employees, consultants and non-employee members of the board of directors under the Equity
Incentive Plan and are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the
date of grant. The aggregate fair value of these stock options granted by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2025, was determined
to be $
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term | ||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | |||||||||||
| Forfeited | - | |||||||||||
| Cancelled or expired | - | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| 43 |
Equity Incentive Plan
On July 22, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and on July 26, 2011, stockholders holding a majority of shares of the Company approved, by written consent, the Plan and the issuance under the Plan of shares. On November 16, 2017, the Board of Directors approved an increase of shares to be made available for issuance under the Plan. Accordingly, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Plan is shares. On August 13, 2024, the Board of Directors adopted the American Battery Materials Inc. 2024 Incentive Compensation Plan, which was deemed desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation, authorizing the executive officers to implement and administer this new plan, reserving shares of Common Stock for issuance. Awards may be granted to employees, officers, directors, consultants, agents, advisors and independent contractors of the Company and its related companies. Such options may be designated at the time of grant as either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options. Stock-based compensation includes expense charges related to all stock-based awards. Such awards include options, warrants and stock grants. Generally, the Company issues stock options that vest over three years and expire in to years. As of December 31, 2025, all outstanding awards have been granted under the Plan.
Earnings per share calculations are performed in accordance with ASC 260, ‘Earnings Per Share’. Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during the period, which were and for the year ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of potential common shares, such as those issuable under convertible debt agreements, stock options, warrants, and preferred stock, unless their inclusion is anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, approximately and potential common shares, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation due to the Company’s reported net losses, as their inclusion would have reduced the loss per share, rendering them anti-dilutive. The determination of anti-dilution was based on the application of the treasury stock method for options and warrants and the if-converted method for convertible debt and preferred stock, as applicable.
Note 9 - Segment Information
The
Company operates and manages its business as
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, the CODM regularly receives and reviews the Company’s net income, and significant operating expenses categories, which are integral to the measure of operating performance. The significant expense categories include employee compensation, office operations and professional services. These expenses are presented below as they are included in the net income measure used by the CODM:
| Year Ended | Year Ended | |||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Wages and related | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Office operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Professional services | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other Expenses / Income | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Fair value of stock issued for note modification | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total other expenses / income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| 44 |
Note 10 - Income Taxes
Loss from operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and associated tax provision (benefit) are summarized in the following table:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Domestic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Foreign | ||||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Current | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | ||||||
| State | ||||||||
| Foreign | ||||||||
| Total Current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| State | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign | ||||||||
| Total Deferred | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less Increase in Allowance | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Deferred | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total Income Tax Provision (Benefit) | $ | $ | ||||||
The significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are summarized below:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities): | ||||||||
| Net Operating Loss Carry-Forwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Depreciable and Amortizable Assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock Based Compensation | ||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | ||||||||
| Loss Reserve | ||||||||
| Accrued Compensation | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Less Valuation Allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) | $ | $ | ||||||
At
December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has available net operating loss carry-forwards for federal and state income tax purposes of
approximately $
| 45 |
Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (“Section 382”) imposes limitations on the availability of a company’s net operating losses and other corporate tax attributes as certain significant ownership changes occur. As a result of the historical equity instrument issuances by the Company, a Section 382 ownership change may have occurred and a study will be required to determine the date of the ownership change, if any. The amount of the Company’s net operating losses and other tax attributes incurred prior to any ownership change may be limited based on the Company’s value. A full valuation allowance has been established for the Company’s deferred tax assets, including net operating losses and any other corporate tax attributes.
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized uncertain tax positions in tax expense.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. The tax years 2022-2025 generally remain open to examination by the U.S. federal and state taxing authorities.
A reconciliation of the income tax provision using the statutory U.S. income tax rate compared with the actual income tax provision reported on the consolidated statements of operations is summarized in the following table:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Statutory United States federal rate | % | % | ||||||
| State income tax, net of federal benefit | ||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock based compensation | ( | ) | ||||||
| Permanent differences | ||||||||
| Tax rate differential between jurisdictions | ||||||||
| Other | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign net operating loss adjustment | - | - | ||||||
| Effective tax rate benefit (provision) | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
Note 11 - Subsequent Events
| ● | On January 16, 2026, the Company issued shares of common stock for exercise of stock options. | |
| ● | On January 16, 2026, the Company issued shares of common stock for services provided. |
| ● | On
February 23, 2026, the Company issued a promissory note for the principal amount of $ | |
| ● | On March 16, 2026, the Company issued shares of common stock for services provided. | |
| ● | On
March 16, 2026, the Company entered into extension agreements with certain noteholders of its promissory and convertible notes. Under
the terms of these agreements, the maturity dates of the notes were extended to | |
| ● | On March 18, 2026, the Company issued a promissory note for the principal amount of $ |
| 46 |
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Agustin Cabo (“Cabo”), who serves as our Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on its evaluation, management concluded as of December 31, 2025, that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, described below in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Notwithstanding the identified material weaknesses, management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly represent in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Cabo, as Principal Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. An evaluation was performed of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The evaluation was based on the framework in 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Based on our evaluation under the criteria set forth in 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2025, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective because of the identification of material weaknesses described as follows:
| ● | We did not have controls designed to validate the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the determination of accounting transactions. Accordingly, we believe we have a material weakness because there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to the interim or annual consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. |
| 47 |
| ● | We do not have written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures. Written documentation of key internal controls over financial reporting is a requirement of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which is applicable to us. Management evaluated the impact of our failure to have written documentation of our internal controls and procedures on our assessment of our disclosure controls and procedures and has concluded that the control deficiency that resulted represented a material weakness. |
| ● | We do not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions, which is a basic internal control. Due to our size and nature, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be economically feasible. However, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions should be performed by separate individuals. Management evaluated the impact of our failure to have segregation of duties on our assessment of our disclosure controls and procedures and has concluded that the control deficiency that resulted represented a material weakness. |
| ● | We have an inadequate number of personnel with requisite expertise in the key functional areas of finance and accounting. |
Remediation Plan for Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is committed to improving its internal controls and will (i) continue to use third party specialists to address shortfalls in staffing and to assist the Company with accounting and finance responsibilities; (ii) increase the frequency of independent reconciliations of significant accounts which will mitigate the lack of segregation of duties until there are sufficient personnel.
Management has discussed the material weaknesses noted above with our independent registered public accounting firm. Due to the nature of these material weaknesses, it is reasonably possible that misstatements which could be material to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements could occur that would not be prevented or detected during our financial close and reporting process.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
The
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections.
David Graber was appointed by the Board of Directors to serve as the Company’s sole Chief Executive Officer and remains the Company’s Chairman of the Board.
Sebastian Lux, resigned as the Company’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer, and remains as the President of the company in addition to being appointed as the Chief Operating Officer by the Board of Directors. Mr. Lux’s resignation did not result from any disagreement with the Company concerning any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.
Agustin Cabo, was appointed by the Board of Directors to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and principal financial and accounting officer.
For biographical information concerning Messrs. Graber, Lux and Cabo, see Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” in this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
| 48 |
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Directors and Executive Officers
| Name | Age | Position | Director/Officer Since | |||
| David Graber | 54 | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | February 2017 | |||
| Sebastian Lux | 54 | President, Chief Operating Officer and Director | July 2022 | |||
| Agustin Cabo | 40 | Chief Financial Officer | March 2024 | |||
| Dylan Glenn | 56 | Director | May 2023 | |||
| Jared Levinthal | 53 | Director | December 2018 | |||
| Andrew Suckling | 53 | Director | August 2022 | |||
| Justin Vorwerk | 66 | Director | August 2022 | |||
| Dr. Adam Lipson | 53 | Director | July 2022 |
The principal occupations for at least the past five years of each of our directors and executive officers are as follows:
David Graber served as the Chief Executive Officer and a director of our company from February 2017 to November 2018 and has served as a member of our Board since July 2022 and our co-CEO and Chairman of the Board since March 2023. On March 2024, he was appointed sole CEO of the company. Mr. Graber is the managing principal of Cobrador Capital Advisors, LLC, an investment advisory firm focused on the consumer sector and energy transition. Prior to Cobrador Capital Advisors, LLC, Mr. Graber was Managing Director, investment banking at New Century Capital Partners (2011-2014) and National Securities Corporation (2009-2010) where he focused on natural resources and energy transportation sectors. From 1994-2005, Mr. Graber was a senior vice president and director in the equities division of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and subsequently, Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) in New York and Los Angeles. Mr. Graber holds dual Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Columbia University Graduate School of Business in New York City and London Business School in the UK. He also holds a B.A. in Psychology from Tulane University. Mr. Graber brings extensive natural resource industry knowledge to our company and a deep background in corporate finance and capital market activities.
Sebastian Lux was appointed to serve previously as our CEO and interim CFO in July 2022, becoming the Co-CEO in March 2023, in addition to being appointed to our Board of Directors. On March 2024, he was appointed President and COO of the company. Mr. Lux has over 25 years’ of experience working with multinational companies. Immediately prior to joining us, Mr. Lux served as co-founder of Blue Duck Data, a cloud-based analytical solutions provider for end-to-end supply chain analysis. Previously, Mr. Lux served from 2015 through 2020 as co-founder and director of supply chain logistics for Genuine Origin, a division of Volcafe & ED&F Man. He is a multilingual professional experienced in strategic planning for international operations, data analytics, financial modeling, logistics, purchasing, product development, supplier partnership management, process improvements, negotiations, e-business, and franchise development. Mr. Lux earned an MBA in Entrepreneurship from Babson’s F.W. Olin Graduate School of Business, an MSAS in E-Commerce from Boston University, and a B.A. in Economics from Roanoke College. In addition to his operational leadership of our company, Mr. Lux has experience in entrepreneurial ventures in the United States, Europe and South America where he developed international supply chains for the distribution of coffee, food goods, and after-market auto-parts as well as having created multiple market entry programs and brand development projects for new and existing companies, making him well qualified as a member of the Board.
Agustin Cabo, CFA, CMA, was appointed to serve as our CFO in March 2024, previously serving as Director of Finance of the company. Prior to this, he was the CFO at Americhem Sales Company (2020-2023). Agustin also served as an Associate of Strategic Business Development at Scientific Games International (2018-2020), Additionally, he worked as a Senior Research Analyst at Crisil Limited, an S&P company (2010-2016). He holds an M.B.A. from Emory University’s Goizueta Business School, where he graduated in May 2018 as an Acosta International Scholar and a B.A. in Economics from University of Buenos Aires. Agustin is also a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and a member of the CFA Institute, having earned his certification in September 2015, and a Certified Management Accountant (CMA) and member of the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), certified in January 2024.
Dylan Glenn became a director of our company in May 2023. He has been a Senior Director at Eldridge, a diversified holding company headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut, where he has been since October 2021. He is the former Chairman of Guggenheim KBBO Partners, Ltd., a Dubai-based joint venture partnership between the KBBO Group and Guggenheim Partners. Prior to this role, Mr. Glenn was Senior Managing Director of Guggenheim Partners, where he worked for nearly 15 years. While at Guggenheim Partners, Mr. Glenn worked mostly in two capacities. First, he coordinated the joint venture – Guggenheim KBBO Partners, Ltd., a merchant banking business which leveraged Guggenheim’s investment banking and asset management capabilities with an important strategic partner in the Middle East. Additionally, he led Guggenheim’s Government Relations effort in Washington and was a Member of the Guggenheim Partners Public Affairs Committee. Prior to joining Guggenheim, Mr. Glenn served as Deputy Chief of Staff to Governor Sonny Perdue of Georgia. As a Deputy Chief of Staff, Mr. Glenn was responsible for all External Affairs. Mr. Glenn also served in the White House in Washington, D.C. as Special Assistant for President George W. Bush for Economic Policy. He was a member of the National Economic Council team advising the President on various economic issues. Mr. Glenn is a director of the George W. Bush Presidential Center. Mr. Glenn is a Director of the Renewable Energy Group, a leading global producer and supplier of renewable fuels like biodiesel, renewable diesel, renewable chemicals and other products. He is also a Director of Intellicheck, Inc., a leading authentication services company, since March 2020. Additionally, he serves on the Board of Managers of Stonebriar Commercial Finance based in Plano, Texas. Mr. Glenn is a Trustee of Davidson College, where he earned his B.A. degree and is also a Trustee of the Episcopal High School at Alexandria, Virginia. Mr. Glenn’s extensive experience in finance and economics, insight into regulatory affairs and his expertise in oversight and governance gained through service in the public sector, bring unique and valuable perspective to our Board and make him well qualified to be a member of the Board.
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Jared Levinthal has served as a Director of our company since December 2018. Mr. Levinthal, an attorney, is a partner with Lightfoot Franklin & White, PLLC in Houston, Texas. Mr. Levinthal is a graduate, with Honors, Order of the Coif, from the University of Texas School of Law. Mr. Levinthal is a graduate of Tulane University with a BA and is a member of the Texas Bar. Mr. Levinthal is well qualified to serve as a director due to his substantial knowledge and working knowledge in corporate governance and controls.
Andrew Suckling has served as a director of our company since August 2022. Mr. Suckling has over 25 years’ experience in the commodity industry and is currently the non-executive chairman of Cadence Minerals (AIM: KDNC), the non-executive director of Macarthur Minerals (TSX-V: MMS, ASX: MIO. Mr. Suckling started his professional career in 1994 as a trader on the London Metal Exchange, and subsequently became a founding partner, research analyst and trader with the multibillion fund management group, Ospraie. Mr. Suckling is a graduate of Brasenose College, Oxford University, earning a B.A. (Hons) in Modern History and an MA in Modern History. Mr. Suckling’s in-depth knowledge of the mining industry and the broad range of mineral companies in the industry make him well qualified as a member of the Board.
Justin Vorwerk has served as a director of our company since August 2022. For more than the past five years, Mr. Vorwerk has had a distinguished career in finance and capital markets, holding positions as a managing director in investment banking with Goldman Sachs, The Royal Bank of Scotland and Deutsche Bank Securities, as well as Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and Credit Suisse, where he co-headed the financial sponsors group. Mr. Vorwerk also served as head of investment banking and capital markets at CRT Capital Group, where he structured debt and equity products and advised on mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Vorwerk holds an MBA from The University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) and attended Princeton University, where he earned an A.B. degree in Economics. Mr. Vorwerk has extensive knowledge of capital markets, making his input invaluable to the Board’s discussions of our capital raising initiatives.
Dr. Adam Lipson was appointed to our Board of Directors in July 2022. Dr. Lipson is a world-renowned neurosurgeon, serving for more than the past five years as managing partner of IGEA Brain, Spine & Orthopedics in New York City and New Jersey, a private medical practice generating $30-40 million annual revenue with 75 employees. He has over a decade of experience as a private investor in over 20 biotechnology and biomedical device companies. He has co-founded several other companies, including IGEA Ventures and STRYDD. He is passionate about finding technologies that facilitate advances in energy transition, biomedical devices and cancer therapeutics. Dr. Lipson is a graduate of Dartmouth College with a B.A. degree in Chemistry and History and M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School, Honors Society in Neuroscience, and was a Fulbright Fellow at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. Dr. Lipson’s leadership of numerous medical and other technology growth companies and as an investor in many early-stage companies make him well qualified as a member of the Board.
Term of Office
Directors are elected to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified. Annual meetings of the stockholders, for the selection of directors to succeed those whose terms expire, are held at such time each year as designated by the Board of Directors. Our officers are elected by the Board of Directors, which is required to consider that subject at its first meeting after every annual meeting of shareholders. Each officer holds office until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We do not currently have any committees of the Board of Directors. We consider a majority of our Board members (consisting of Messrs. Glenn, Levinthal, Suckling and Vorwerk) to be independent directors under NYSE American rules.
Corporate Governance
We do not currently have an audit committee, compensation committee, or nominating and corporate governance committee. To date, the functions of each such committee have been performed by the entire Board of Directors. As part of our application to have our shares of common stock trade on the NYSE American, our corporate governance structure will be enhanced by, among other things, forming required Board committees with qualified individuals.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation
The following table discloses compensation received by our named executive officers, David E. Graber, Sebastian Lux and Agustin Cabo, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025.
The following table also sets forth information regarding all cash and non-cash compensation earned by or paid to the executive officers of our company who served during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, for services in all capacities to our company.
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Salary ($) |
Bonus ($) |
Stock Awards ($) | Option Awards ($) |
All Other Compensation ($) |
Total ($) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| David Graber | 2024 | 240,000 | - | 1,668 | 81,052 | - | 321,052 | |||||||||||||||||||
| CEO | 2025 | 240,000 | - | - | - | - | 240,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sebastian Lux | 2024 | 240,000 | - | 24,168 | 44,579 | - | 284,579 | |||||||||||||||||||
| President, COO | 2025 | 240,000 | - | - | - | - | 240,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Agustin Cabo | 2024 | 126,000 | - | 22,500 | 36,474 | - | 162,474 | |||||||||||||||||||
| CFO | 2025 | 126,000 | - | - | - | - | 126,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
Employment Arrangements
Messrs. Graber and Lux, in consultation with our independent directors, have agreed to receive a monthly salary as our Chief Executive Officer and President, respectively, at a rate of $20,000. Of this amount, $15,000 is payable in cash and $5,000 is accrued until such time as we are able to make the payment. Both Messrs. Graber and Lux work full-time for our company and there is no set term for their employment. Mr. Cabo became our Chief Financial Officer in March 2024 and was previously our Director of Finance. He works full-time for our company and there is no set term for his employment. He currently receives a monthly salary of $10,500.
Directors Compensation
Our non-employee directors do not currently receive cash compensation for their services as directors although they are provided reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending Board meetings.
Equity Incentive Plan
On July 22, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and on July 26, 2011, stockholders holding a majority of shares of the Company approved, by written consent, the Plan. The Plan provides for the grant of options intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” and “non-statutory stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, together with the grant of bonus stock and stock appreciation rights, at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Incentive stock options are issuable only to our eligible officers, directors and key employees. Non-statutory stock options are issuable only to our non-employee directors and consultants. Upon stockholder approval of the Plan, a total of 16,667 shares of common stock or appreciation rights may be issued under the Plan. The Plan will be administered by our full Board of Directors. Under the Plan, the Board will determine which individuals shall receive options, grants or stock appreciation rights, the time period during which the rights may be exercised, the number of shares of common stock that may be purchased under the rights and the option price. On August 13, 2025, the Board of Directors adopted the American Battery Materials Inc. 2025 Incentive Compensation Plan, which was deemed desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation, authorizing the executive officers to implement and administer this new plan, reserving 800,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 566,000 options outstanding under the Plan to employees, directors and outside consultants.
On November 16, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the increase of the 33,333 shares reserved under the Plan. On November 22, 2017, stockholders of the Company holding a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock approved, by written consent, an increase in the number of shares reserved under the Plan by 33,333 shares. After this increase of 33,333 shares, the total number of shares of common stock reserved under the Plan totals 50,000 shares. The 2011 Plan expired in 2021.
On August 13, 2024, the Board of Directors adopted the American Battery Materials Inc. 2024 Incentive Compensation Plan, which was deemed desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation, authorizing the executive officers to implement and administer this new plan, reserving 800,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had stock options outstanding to purchase 566,000 shares of common stock under the Plan held by employees, directors and outside consultants.
In October 15, 2025, following approval by our Board of Directors and by written consent of stockholders holding a majority of our outstanding common stock, we amended our 2024 Incentive Compensation Plan to provide for an automatic share reserve mechanism equal to 17.5% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis. Under this provision, the number of shares available for issuance under the plan automatically increases upon each issuance of common stock or convertible securities by an amount necessary to maintain the 17.5% reserve (calculated on a fully diluted basis), with no downward adjustment if the Company’s capitalization subsequently decreases. This amendment was designed to provide equity-based awards to an increasing employee pool.
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Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our certificate of Incorporation provides that no director will be liable to our company or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty acting in his/her capacity as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”); or, (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. If the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate action further limiting or eliminating the personal liability of a director, then the liability of a director to us shall be limited or eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended from time-to-time.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that we will indemnify any director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of our company (each a “Covered Person”) who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”), other than a Proceeding by or in the right of our company, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Covered Person, or, while a Covered Person, or is or was serving at the request of our company as a Covered Person of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of our company and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that such person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of our company and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful. We will also have the power to indemnify our Covered Persons as set forth in the DGCL or other applicable law.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws also provide that we will indemnify any person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding by or in the right of our company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Covered Person of our company or is or was serving at the request of our company as a Covered Person of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of our company and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to our company unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other court shall deem proper. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our company shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such person only if the commencement of such Proceeding (or part thereof) by such person was authorized in the specific case by the Board.
Our bylaws further provide that, to the extent that a Covered Person has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding referred to above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, we will indemnify such person against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.
Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by a Covered Person in defending a civil or criminal Proceeding may be paid by our company in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by our company. Such expenses may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board deems appropriate.
We may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Covered Person, or is or was serving at the request of our company as a Covered Person of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not our company would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of our bylaws.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
As of March 19, 2026, there were shares of common stock outstanding. The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of the outstanding common shares as of March 19, 2026, by (i) each person who owns beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding common stock; (ii) each of our executive officers and directors; and (iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group. The shares listed include as to each person any shares that such person has the right to acquire within 60 days from the date hereof. Except as otherwise indicated, each such person has sole investment and voting power with respect to such shares, subject to community property laws where applicable. The address of our executive officers and directors is at 500 West Putnam Avenue, Suite 400, Greenwich, CT, 6830.
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The following table sets forth, as of March 19, 2026, certain information with regard to the record and beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock by (i) each person known to the Company to be the record or beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company’s common stock; (ii) each director of the Company; (iii) each of the named executive officers; and, (iv) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group:
| Number
of Shares |
Percentage of | |||||||
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) | Beneficially Owned(2) |
Outstanding Shares(3) | ||||||
| Executive Officers and Directors: | ||||||||
| David E. Graber | 1,102,650 | (4) | 27.6 | % | ||||
| Sebastian Lux | 87,293 | (5) | 2.2 | % | ||||
| Agustin Cabo | 52,500 | (6) | 1.3 | % | ||||
| Dylan Glenn | 26,697 | (7) | 0.7 | % | ||||
| Jared Levinthal | 33,257 | (8) | 0.8 | % | ||||
| Adam C. Lipson, M.D. | 365,038 | (9) | 9.1 | % | ||||
| Andrew Suckling | 30,889 | (10) | 0.8 | % | ||||
| Justin Vorwerk | 63,829 | (11) | 1.6 | % | ||||
| All Executive Officers and Directors as a Group (8 persons) | 1,762,153 | 44.1 | % | |||||
| 5% Shareholders: | ||||||||
| Marilyn Kane | 296,818 | (12) | 7.4 | % | ||||
| Traverse Opportunity Fund LP | 271,047 |
6.8 | % | |||||
| (1) | The mailing address for each officer and director is c/o American Battery Materials Inc., 500 West Putnam Avenue, Suite 400, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830. The address for Marilyn Kane is 650 West Avenue, Miami Beach, Florida 33139. |
| (2) | Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Beneficial ownership also includes shares of stock subject to convertible notes and warrants convertible or exercisable currently or within 60 days of March 19, 2026. In determining the percent of common stock owned by a person or entity as of March 19, 2026, (a) the numerator is the number of shares of the class beneficially owned by such person or entity, including shares which may be acquired within 60 days on conversion or exercise of convertible notes and warrants; and (b) the denominator is the sum of (i) the total shares of common stock outstanding as of March 19, 2026, which is 3,727,085 and (ii) the total number of shares that the beneficial owner may acquire upon exercise of the derivative securities. Unless otherwise stated, each beneficial owner has sole power to vote and dispose of its shares. |
| (3) | Based on (i) 3,727,085 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 19, 2026, and (ii) 270,477 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of stock options. |
| (4) | Includes (i) 694,250 shares of common stock owned by Cobrador Multi-Strategy Partners, LLC, of which Mr. Graber is the managing partner, (ii) 94,447 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (5) | Includes (i) 51,947 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (6) | Includes (i) 42,500 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
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| (7) | Includes (i) 12,572 shares of common stock owned by Quail Run Holding LLC, of which Mr. Glenn is the managing partner (ii) 7,599 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (8) | Includes (i) 7,599 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (9) | Includes (i) 7,599 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (10) | Includes (i) 7,599 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (11) | Includes (i) 7,599 shares of common stock underlying options which can be exercised currently or within 60 days at his discretion. |
| (12) | Includes (i) 178,756 shares of common stock owned by (i) Automated Retail Leasing Partners, LP, of which Ms. Kane is the managing partner, and (ii) AJS Properties LLC, of which Ms. Kane is the manager. Mr. Graber owns a non-controlling interest in Automated Retail Leasing Partners |
Changes in Control
The issuance of 50,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Dr. Adam Lipson on August 23, 2022, was a change in control as it afforded Dr. Lipson the voting power of 60% of all shares of common stock issued and outstanding, giving Dr, Lipson voting control over all matters submitted to a vote of the common stockholders. The preferred stock was converted to common stock on August 23, 2023. We are not aware of any other arrangements that may result in “changes in control” as that term is defined by the provisions of Item 403 of Regulation S.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Given our small size and limited financial resources to date, we have not adopted formal policies and procedures for the review, approval or ratification of transactions with our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders. While we satisfy the requirements of the DGCL for such related party transactions, we intend to establish additional formal policies and procedures in the future so that such transactions will be subject to the review, approval or ratification of our Board of Directors, or an appropriate committee thereof.
Director Independence
As our common stock is currently quoted on the OTC Pink Open Market, we are not subject to the rules of any national securities exchange that requires a majority of a listed company’s directors and specified committees of the board of directors to meet independence standards prescribed by such rules. However, we consider a majority of our Board members (consisting of Messrs. Glenn, Levinthal, Suckling and Vorwerk) to be independent directors in accordance with NYSE American listing rules.
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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The following table provides information regarding the professional audit services and other services rendered to us by GreenGrowth CPAs for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024. All fees described below were approved by Board:
| Fee Type | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Audit Fees(1) | $ | 75,448 | $ | 57,386 | ||||
| Audit-Related Fees(2) | $ | 2,035 | $ | 4,809 | ||||
| Tax Fees(3) | $ | 1,100 | $ | 1,000 | ||||
| All Other Fees(4) | $ | 600 | $ | 995 | ||||
| Total | $ | 79,183 | $ | 64,190 | ||||
| (1) | “Audit Fees” consist of fees billed for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements, review of our quarterly financial statements, and services that are normally provided by GreenGrowth CPAs in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. |
| (2) | “Audit-Related Fees” consist of fees billed for professional services for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees. The services are rendered by legal counsel Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP. |
| (3) | “Tax Fees” consist of fees billed for professional services rendered by Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. |
| (4) | “All Other Fees” consist of fees billed for products and services other than the services reported in Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees, and Tax Fees. |
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee is responsible for the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services in accordance with applicable SEC requirements to ensure auditor independence. Because the Audit Committee was constituted in December 2025, all fees and services provided during fiscal year 2025 were reviewed and pre-approved by the full Board of Directors prior to the formation of the Audit Committee. All fees disclosed above were pre-approved in this manner
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
| (a) | Documents filed as part of this Annual Report: |
| (1) | The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto are listed and included in this Annual Report (Item 8). |
| (2) | Financial statement schedules have been omitted either because they are not applicable, not required, or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. |
| (3) | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
| (4) | Notes to Financial Statements. |
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| (b) | Exhibits: |
The exhibits listed in the following Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Annual Report:
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith. |
| # | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. |
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
The Company has elected not to provide a summary.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| AMERICAN BATTERY MATERIALS INC. | ||
| Date: March 19, 2026 | BY: | /s/ David Graber |
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ David Graber | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman | March 19, 2026 | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||
| /s/ Agustin Cabo | Chief Financial Officer | March 19, 2026 | ||
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||||
| /s/ Sebastian Lux | President, Chief Operating Officer, Director | March 19, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Dylan Glenn | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Jared Levinthal | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Andrew Suckling | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Justin Vorwerk | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Dr. Adam Lipson | Director | March 19, 2026 |
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