Bit Digital, Inc F-3/A, filed Sep 8, 2022
Bit Digital, Inc (BTBT)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 8, 2022
Registration No. 333-266746
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1 on
Form F-3/A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Bit Digital, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
| Cayman Islands | 98-1606989 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |
33 Irving Place
New York, New York 10003
(212) 463-5121
(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
Corporation Service Company
19 West 44th Street, Suite 201
New York, New York 10036-8401
(Name, address and telephone number of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
| Elliot H. Lutzker, Esq. | Matthew Ogurick, Esq. | |
| Davidoff Hutcher & Citron LLP | K&L Gates, LLP | |
| 605 Third Avenue | 599 Lexington Avenue | |
| New York, New York 10158 | New York, New York 10022-6030 | |
| Tel: (212) 557-7200 | Tel: (212) 536-4085 | |
| Fax: (212) 286-1884 | Fax: (212) 536-3901 |
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective on filing with the SEC pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark where the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging Growth Company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS (SUBJECT TO COMPLETION) DATED SEPTEMBER 8, 2022
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities or accept your offer to buy any of them until the registration statement relating to these securities that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy the securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Prospectus
BIT DIGITAL, INC.
20,000,000 Ordinary Shares
This prospectus relates to the sale by selling shareholder (the “Selling Shareholder”) of up to 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares consisting of shares issuable to Ionic Ventures, LLC, or Ionic, under a Purchase Agreement dated as of July 30, 2021, as amended and restated, between the Company and Ionic, which we refer to herein as the “Purchase Agreement. See “Selling Shareholder.”
The Selling Shareholder has advised us that it will sell the Ordinary Shares from time to time in the open market, on the Nasdaq Capital Market, in privately negotiated transactions, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices or a combination of those methods. See also “Plan of Distribution” on page 74 for more information.
We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder. However, we may receive gross proceeds of up to $22,000,000 from the sale of Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement, from time to time in our discretion after the date the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective and after the other conditions in the Purchase Agreement have been satisfied.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.
Investing in our Ordinary Shares is highly speculative and involves a significant degree of risk. The Company may be subject to various legal and operational risks as a result of its previously being a China-based Issuer with certain administrative personnel and the majority of the Board of Directors remaining in China, including Hong Kong. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 21 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered before making a decision to purchase our Ordinary Shares, including, but not limited to:
| ● | Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us. In view of our having previously been a China-based issuer and because of our prior bitcoin mining operations in China, as well as our current limited presence in China, we are subject to Chinese laws and regulations which could limit the legal protection available to us. Since the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. The risks arising from the legal system in China include risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little, if any, advance notice; and there is a risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities. | |
| ● | We may be subject to penalties as a result of the Chinese government’s suspension of our former P2P lending business. The Pudong Branch of the Shanghai Public Safety Bureau (the “Bureau”) took criminal action against 14 defendants in connection with our prior P2P lending business for illegal collection of public deposits. While the Company has not been the subject of any enforcement actions or investigations as of the date hereof, nine persons were sentenced to imprisonment and were required to return of illegal gains, including our former Chief Financial Officer and former Chief Executive Officer who is still being pursued by the authorities. No current member of our management or board and none of our current employees was involved with the Company at the time of the events described above. The final outcome of the criminal action has not been published, and the impact on the Company when that occurs cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. |
| ● | We may be subject to fines and penalties with respect to our former business in China in a certain period from now on. Without the approval of the approving authorities and the registration approval of the registration authorities, foreign enterprises (which include our Hong Kong subsidiaries) may not conduct business in China. In China, our Hong Kong subsidiary made profits from mining equipment stored in facilities leased by our Hong Kong subsidiaries, each of which is not registered in China. While, as of the date hereof, we have not received any administrative penalty for our activities in China, there is a two-year statute of limitations for the Chinese authorities to commence legal action against us for those activities which ended on June 21, 2021. If the Chinese authorities bring such an action against us and are successful, we may be subject to penalties such as warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal income or suspension of business for not having required authorization for our bitcoin mining operations. | |
| ● | It is now illegal to engage in digital asset transactions, including bitcoin mining operations, in China, which adversely affect us. In May 2021, local governments in China, including in the Xinjiang Province where we previously had bitcoin mining operations, began to issue shutdown notices to operators within the cryptocurrency mining industry, among others. We had already been migrating our mines out of China at a significant cost and adverse effect on our operations. At the time of the announcement of the ban in Xinjiang, we had no mining operations in Xinjiang. We had bitcoin mining operations in Sichuan Province until June 21, 2021, whereas the Sichuan shutdown went into effect on June 25, 2021. There can be no assurance that Sichuan Province or any other province will not seek to impose retroactive fines, penalties or sanctions on our Company for our historical operations in those places. On September 24, 2021, all digital asset transactions were banned in China. | |
| ● | Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Although we have completed the migration of our miners from China to the United States and Canada, our bitcoin mining business is worldwide. We expect to continue to purchase bitcoin miners on the spot market worldwide. Accordingly, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole. | |
| ● | Our Hong Kong subsidiaries could become subject to the direct oversight of the PRC government at any time if the national laws of mainland China are applied to Hong Kong. The national laws of the PRC, including, but not limited to: (i) the Cybersecurity Review Measures that became effective on February 15, 2022, and (ii) approval by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) or any other Chinese regulatory authority to approve or permit an offering of securities in the U.S., do not apply to our Hong Kong subsidiaries, except for those listed in the Basic Law of Hong Kong and described in more detail under “Risk Factors” below. However, due to the uncertainty of the PRC legal system and changes in laws, regulations or policies, including how those laws, regulations or policies would be interpreted or implemented, and the national laws applicable in Hong Kong, the Basic Law might be revised in the future and our Hong Kong subsidiaries may be subject to future oversight by the PRC government. | |
| ● | United States regulators may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspection of our operations in Hong Kong. The Company’s auditor, Audit Alliance LLP (“AA”), is PCAOB registered and based in Singapore. Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”) and related regulations, the PCAOB is permitted to inspect our independent accounting firm. AA is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, nor the determinations under the HFCAA and related regulations, as described below under “Summary of Information” and “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China.” Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the HFCAA or the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely and, as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as Nasdaq, may determine to delist our securities. |
| ● | You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process and enforcing judgments against us and our management, and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions abroad. Currently, a portion of our operations and of our non-mining assets and personnel are located in Hong Kong. All but one member of our Board of Directors are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States, and a substantial portion, if not all, of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. Hong Kong has no arrangement for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments with the United States. As a result, recognition and enforcement in Hong Kong of judgments of a court in the United States and any other jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible. Even if you sue successfully in a U.S. court or any other jurisdictions, you may not be able to collect on such judgment against us or our directors and officers. In addition, the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice and other U.S. authorities may also have difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against us or our directors or officers in Hong Kong. |
Other Limitations
| - | Transfers of cash |
Since the Company’s commencement of mining operations in February 2020, the Company has not transferred any cash to any of its subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company raised proceeds of approximately $5.2 million from private placements of the Company’s securities, and the proceeds were directly transferred from investors in those private placements to the designated accounts of Bit Digital Hong Kong Limited (“BT HK”), one of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries in Hong Kong.
During the period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, the Company raised proceeds of approximately $58,000,000 from an equity line of credit. The proceeds were directly transferred from investors to designated accounts of Bit Digital USA, Inc. (“BT USA”), the Company’s subsidiary in the U.S. The net proceeds raised in our $80 million September 2021 private placement were transferred to BT USA. See “Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities” below.
| - | Transfer of other assets |
During the period from February 2020 to September 30, 2021, Bit Digital Hong Kong transferred 25,006 miners to BT USA, with a carrying value of $19.80 million.
| - | Payment of dividends or distributions |
During the period from February 2020 to the date hereof, the Company has not received any dividends or distributions from any of its subsidiaries, nor did the Company make any dividends or distributions to its investors. See “Prospectus Summary” below for further information.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Ionic is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Selling Shareholder may sell the Ordinary Shares described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 74 for more information about how the Selling Shareholder may sell the Ordinary Shares being registered pursuant to this prospectus.
We will pay the expenses incurred in registering the Ordinary Shares to which this prospectus relates, including legal and accounting fees. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Our Ordinary Shares are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market tier under the symbol “BTBT”. On September 7, 2022, the closing price of our Ordinary Shares was $1.45 per share.
The date of this prospectus is ______________, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or any free-writing prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the Ordinary Shares only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the Ordinary Shares.
This report contains “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the safe harbor provisions provided by Section 27 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that represent our beliefs, projections and predictions about future events. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements,” including any projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items, any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, any statements concerning proposed new projects or other developments, any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, any statements of management’s beliefs, goals, strategies, intentions and objectives, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar expressions, as well as statements in the future tense, identify forward-looking statements.
These statements are necessarily subjective and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements described in or implied by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from expected results described in our forward-looking statements, including with respect to correct measurement and identification of factors affecting our business or the extent of their likely impact, and the accuracy and completeness of the publicly available information with respect to the factors upon which our business strategy is based or the success of our business.
Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether, or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and management’s belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those factors discussed under the headings “Prospectus Summary”, “Risk Factors”, and elsewhere in this prospectus.
ii
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Available Information
We file annual, semi-annual, quarterly (on a voluntary basis as a foreign private issuer) and current reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our public filings are available from the Internet web site maintained by the SEC at WWW.SEC.GOV. In addition, our Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Accordingly, our reports, statements and other information may be inspected at the offices of Nasdaq, One Liberty Plaza, 165 Broadway, New York, New York 10006.
Our web site address is www.bit-digital.com. The information on, or accessible through, our web site, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus or prospectus supplement.
This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.
Incorporation by Reference
The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference in the prospectus our documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus. We are not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof, whether specifically listed below or filed in the future, which are “furnished” to the SEC that are not deemed “filed” with the SEC.
iii
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
| (1) | Bit Digital’s Proxy Statement on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022. |
| (2) | Bit Digital’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on April 15, 2022. |
| (3) | Bit Digital’s Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 20-F/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022. |
| (4) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on June 22, 2022. |
| (5) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for the second fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2022. |
| (6) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for February 2022, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2022. |
| (7) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for March 2022, filed with the SEC on March 16, 2022. |
| (8) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for April 2022, filed with the SEC on April 15, 2022. |
| (9) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K/A for April 2022, filed with the SEC on April 19, 2022. |
| (10) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for April 2022, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022. |
| (11) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for May 2022, filed with the SEC on May 19, 2022. |
| (12) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for May 2022, filed with the SEC on May 25, 2022. |
| (13) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for June 2022, filed with the SEC on June 22, 2022. |
| (14) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for July 2022, filed with the SEC on July 15, 2022. |
| (15) | Bit Digital’s Report on Form 6-K for July 2022, filed with the SEC on August 3, 2022. |
| (16) | The description of our Ordinary Shares contained in Bit Digital’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-257934) and any amendment or report filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating. |
A copy of any and all of the information included in the documents that have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus (excluding exhibits thereto, unless such exhibits have been specifically incorporated by reference into the information which this prospectus incorporates) but which are not delivered with this prospectus will be provided by us without charge to any person to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon the oral or written request of such person. Written requests should be directed to Bit Digital, Inc., 33 Irving Place, New York, New York 10003, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Oral requests may be directed to the Secretary at (212) 463-5121.
iv
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated herein by reference. Each prospective investor is urged to read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus, including the risks of investing in the securities discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus, and under such headings in the documents incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. You should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Investment in the securities offered hereby involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 21. We note that our actual results and future events may differ significantly based upon a number of factors. The reader should not put undue reliance on the forward-looking statements in this document, which speak only as of the date on the cover of this prospectus or prospectus supplement.
All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” “Registrant” or similar terms used in this prospectus refer to Bit Digital, Inc. (formerly known as Golden Bull Limited), a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Bit Digital”), including its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates. We currently conduct our business through Bit Digital U.S.A. Inc., a Delaware corporation and our operating entity in the United States; Bit Digital Hong Kong Limited, and Bit Digital Strategies Limited, Hong Kong companies; Bit Digital Singapore Pte. Ltd., a Singapore company; and Bit Digital Canada Inc., a Canadian company. When we refer to “you,” we mean the holders of the applicable type of securities.
“PRC” or “China” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this prospectus, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, “RMB” or “Renminbi” refers to the legal currency of China and “$”, “US$” or “U.S. Dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States.
This prospectus may contain translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.
No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of the securities or possession or distribution of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement applicable to that jurisdiction.
The Company may be subject to various legal and operational risks as a result of its previously being a China-based Issuer with a substantial amount of the Company’s operations previously in China and Hong Kong. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China – Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.” The laws and the rules and regulations in China, including the interpretation and enforcement thereof, particularly concerning our prior mining operations in China, can change quickly with little, if any, advance notice; and the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based Issuers could result in a material adverse change in our operations and/or the value of our securities or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. As a result of our prior structure of an offshore issuer with a variable interest entity (“VIE”) which are the concern of the SEC as to China-based Issuers, we are setting forth below some of the risks and uncertainties concerning the Company’s prior operations; however, we are no longer a China-based Issuer, no longer have and will not have a VIE structure and do not intend to have a mainland China subsidiary (hereinafter, a “WFOE”):
| ● | We may be subject to penalties as a result of the Chinese government’s suspension of our prior peer-to-peer lending business, as well as our doing business in mainland China through our Hong Kong Subsidiaries. The Company or its subsidiaries are required to establish a commercial entity under the PRC laws or register itself directly with the Chinese government as a foreign company to operate in China which it did not do. Before the Company ceased operating its bitcoin mining business in China, the Company previously conducted that business in China through its Hong Kong subsidiary, Bit Digital Hong Kong Limited, which is deemed a foreign company. As a result of the Chinese ban on digital assets transactions, the Company terminated the process to register a WFOE subsidiary in mainland China. |
1
| ● | Since we do not own or control any VIEs and do not intend to form a VIE and have no mining operations in China, we do not believe that Chinese regulations will have an adverse impact on our ability to conduct business in North America, to accept foreign investment or list on U.S. or other foreign exchanges. | |
| ● | Our present corporate structure, which the Company has no current intention to change, is as follows: |
| ● | Since we terminated our bitcoin mining operations in China in June 2021 and, by September 30, 2021, we migrated our previously warehoused miners out of China, none of our mining assets remain in mainland China. The Company’s employees are employed through the parent and/or its U.S. and Hong Kong subsidiaries. Of our remaining employees in China, all of such persons have physical office locations in Hong Kong. Further, if not for the ongoing COVID-19 related travel restrictions between mainland China and Hong Kong, all of our remaining employees in China would be expected to physically work in Hong Kong, leaving us with no personnel in mainland China,. We do not maintain an office in mainland China. Notwithstanding the termination of our bitcoin mining operations in China, we presently intend to continue our limited administrative activities described above in China and Hong Kong through our Hong Kong subsidiaries, in order to take advantage of our existing bitcoin mining relationships and continue to access the spot market and Chinese manufacturers of bitcoin mining equipment. Our bitcoin mining equipment purchase agreements have been signed and will be signed by and between our Hong Kong subsidiaries and/or U.S. subsidiaries and the equipment mining manufacturers outside of mainland PRC. We have not had difficulties transferring the bitcoin mining equipment from our Hong Kong subsidiaries to our other subsidiaries other than minor logistical delays, nor have we had difficulties in transferring cash to or from our Hong Kong subsidiaries. However, this could change in the event that our Hong Kong subsidiaries become subject to the direct oversight of the PRC government if the National laws of mainland China are applied in Hong Kong. All of our bitcoin mining equipment has been transferred from our Hong Kong subsidiaries to North America. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China – We may be subject to fines and penalties for any noncompliance with or liabilities in our historical business in China in a certain period from now on” and “Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations” beginning on page 24. |
| ● | As of the date of this prospectus, we are not required to obtain approval of or prior permission from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) or any other Chinese regulatory authority under the Chinese laws and regulations currently in effect in connection with this offering. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor any our subsidiaries have been informed by the CSRC, Cybersecurity Administration of China (the “CAC”) or any other Chinese regulatory authority of any requirements, approvals or permissions that we should obtain prior to this offering. However, as there are uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system and changes in laws, regulations and policies, including how those laws and regulations will be interpreted or implemented, there can be no assurances that we will not be subject to such requirements, approvals or permissions in the future. If we are unable to comply in the future, we could become subject to penalties, including fines, suspension of business, prohibition against new user registration (even for a short period of time) and revocation of required licenses, and our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. For additional information, see “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China” beginning on page 23. |
2
| ● | The Company’s auditor, Audit Alliance LLP, is PCAOB registered and based in Singapore. Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”), the PCAOB is permitted to inspect our independent public accounting firm. There is no guarantee that future audit reports will be prepared by auditors that are completely inspected by the PCAOB, and, as such, future investors may be deprived of such inspections, which could result in limitations or restrictions to our access of the U.S. capital markets. Furthermore, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the HFCAA or the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and, as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as Nasdaq, may determine to delist our securities. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCAA to reduce the number of non-inspection years from three to two years and, thus, would reduce the time before our securities may be prohibited from trading or be delisted. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the HFCAA requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. securities exchange and on the over-the-counter market, if the auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for three consecutive years and this ultimately could result in our Ordinary Shares being delisted. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued its HFCAA Determination Report to notify the SEC that it was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong because of the positions taken by authorities in mainland China and Hong Kong. As stated above, our current auditors are based in Singapore and the PCAOB is permitted to inspect and investigate them. For additional information, see “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China” beginning on page 23. |
Our Company
Bit Digital is a sustainability-focused digital asset mining company with mining operations in North America. On June 24, 2021, the Company signed the Crypto Climate Accord, a private sector-led initiative to decarbonize the crypto and blockchain sectors.
The Company commenced its mining operations in February 2020, following the suspension of Golden Bull Limited’s peer-to-peer lending business in October 2019. Our bitcoin mining operations, hosted by third party suppliers, use specialized computers, known as miners, to generate bitcoins, a digital asset. The miners use application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) chips. These chips enable the miners to apply greater computational power, or “hash rate”, to provide transaction verification services (known as solving a block) which helps support the bitcoin blockchain. For every block added, the bitcoin blockchain awards a bitcoin award equal to a set number of bitcoins per block. These bitcoin awards are subject to “halving,” whereby the bitcoin award per block is reduced by half in order to control the supply of bitcoins on the market. When bitcoin was first launched in 2009, miners were awarded 50 bitcoin if they first solved a new block; this award was halved to 25 bitcoin per new block in 2012, and halved again in 2016 to 12.5 bitcoin per new block. Most recently, in May 2020, the then prevailing reward of 12.5 bitcoin per new block was halved to 6.25 bitcoin. This reward rate is expected to next halve during 2024 to 3.125 bitcoin per new block and will continue to halve at approximately four-year intervals until all potential 21 million bitcoin have been mined. Miners with a greater hash rate generally have a higher chance of solving a block and receiving a bitcoin award. After a third halving of bitcoins in May 2020, our mining strategy has been to mine bitcoins as fast and as many as possible given there are less bitcoins and a lower efficiency of mining.
After a third halving of bitcoins in May 2020, our mining strategy has been to mine bitcoins as fast and as many as possible given there are less bitcoins and a lower efficiency of mining. In view of the long delivery time to purchase new miners from miner suppliers like Bitmain and MicroBT, we initially chose to acquire second-hand miners which can be delivered in only a few weeks. In parallel, we also enjoy strategic relationships with leading manufacturers, enabling us to access ASICs on advantageous terms.
These bitcoin awards are subject to “halving,” whereby the bitcoin award per block is reduced by half in order to control the supply of bitcoins on the market. When bitcoin was first launched in 2009, miners were awarded 50 bitcoin if they first solved a new block; this award was halved to 25 bitcoin per new block in 2012, and halved again in 2016 to 12.5 bitcoin per new block. Most recently, in May 2020, the then prevailing reward of 12.5 bitcoin per new block was halved to 6.25 bitcoin. This reward rate is expected to next halve during 2024 to 3.125 bitcoin per new block and will continue to halve at approximately four-year intervals until all potential 21 million bitcoin have been mined. Miners with a greater hash rate have a higher chance of solving a block and receiving a bitcoin award. After a third halving of bitcoins in May 2020, our mining strategy has been to mine bitcoins as fast and as many as possible given there are less bitcoins and a lower efficiency of mining.
We completed our miner fleet’s exit from China during the third quarter of 2021. As of September 30, 2021, we had no miners remaining in China. As of November 17, 2021, 100% of our miner fleet had arrived in North America. As of March 31, 2022, we owned 27,644 bitcoin miners and 731 Ethereum miners, with an estimated maximum total hash rate of 1.60 Exahash (“EH/s”) and 0.3 TH/s, respectively. The Company owned 38,135 bitcoin miners and 731 Ethereum miners as of June 30, 2022, with an estimated maximum total hash rate of 2.7 EH/s and 0.3 TH/s, respectively. The reduction of hash rate compared to the beginning of 2021 was due to the aforementioned fleet repositioning from China, in which the Company sold or disposed of certain models (partially offset by purchases) in anticipation of purchase opportunities. As a result, during 2021, we recognized a $3,746,267 net loss, comprised of a $610,500 gain from miner sales and a $4,356,767 loss from miner disposals. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized a gain of $1,454,896 from the sale of miners.
As previously announced, subsequent to the end of the first quarter, the Company faced interruptions at certain hosting partners’ sites. We signed a new hosting agreement with Coinmint, as described below, for 20 MW of primarily carbon-free power, more than enough to offset the effect of the interruptions. Coinmint has fulfilled all of this capacity. Further, we signed and implemented a swap agreement with Riot Blockchain Inc. (“Riot”) which provides a 25% boost to our swapped hash rate. The combined effect of our agreements with Coinmint and Riot is expected to roughly triple our active hash rate over the span of about one month. Finally, power has already been partially restored at our partner Digihost’s North Tonawanda, NY site, and remediation and repair work are underway at Blockfusion’s Niagara Falls, NY site. The timing for power to be restored to the Blockfusion facility is expected to be in the third quarter of 2022.
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For the three (3) months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized a net loss of $18,124,732, comprised of a $13,639,386 impairment of digital assets as a result of the decline in value of bitcoin and ETH and the decline in revenue from digital asset mining of seventy-six (76%) percent from $28,342,694 to $6,815,000 compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease in the price of bitcoin during the second quarter is reducing industrywide margins and forcing difficult decisions across the industry. Fortunately, we believe that our strong balance sheet partially insulates us from short-term price movements and enables us to advance our long-term vision. We ended the quarter with $45 million in cash, over $70 million in total liquidity, zero debt, and no outstanding miner purchase obligations. This provides us ample flexibility to continue deploying miners and canvas the market for opportunistic purchases at potentially distressed pricing.
For the three (3) months ended June 30, 2022, we received 197.28 bitcoins and 104.29 ETHs from one mining pool operator. We managed to modestly increase bitcoin production on a sequential basis despite previous announced interruptions in our hosting partners’ operations.
Approximately 69% of our fleet’s run-rate electricity consumption was generated from carbon-free energy sources as of June 30, 2022, based on data provided by our hosts, publicly available sources, and internal estimates, demonstrating our commitment to sustainable practices in the digital asset mining industry.
The Company purchased 706 bitcoin miners on the spot market during the first quarter of 2022, all of which the Company took delivery by April 2022. In view of the sometimes long delivery time to purchase new miners from suppliers like Bitmain and MicroBT, in some cases, we have chosen to acquire miners on the spot market, which can generally be delivered in only a few weeks. In parallel, we also enjoy strategic relationships with leading miner manufacturers, we believe enabling us to access ASICs on advantageous terms.
The Company also sold 100 MicroBT Whatsminer M21S bitcoin miners during the first full quarter.
The Company signed a hash rate swap agreement with Riot Blockchain, Inc. (“Riot”) on June 9, 2022, and concurrently signed a new hosting agreement with Coinmint LLC (“Coinmint”). Under the hash rate swap agreement, the Company received an approximate aggregate of 0.625 Exahash (“EH/s”) of hash rate from Riot, in exchange for 0.500 EH/s. The first tranche of the swap was delivered to the Company on June 17, 2022, and the final tranche was delivered on July 1, 2022. As of July 2, 2022, all of the Company’s newly-acquired miners were actively deployed at the Coinmint facility.
The Company sold 1,003 MicroBT Whatsminer M21S miners and 9 MicroBT Whatsminer M20S miners during the six months ended June 30, 2022.
As of June 30, 2022, 23% of our currently-owned fleet, or 8,990 bitcoin miners representing 0.76 EH/s, was deployed in North America.
As of December 31, 2021, 27.8% of our currently-owned fleet, or 7,710 bitcoin miners representing 0.457 EH/s was deployed in North America.
Power and Hosting Overview
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, our hosting partners continued to prepare sites to deliver our contracted hosting capacity, bringing additional power online for our miners.
The Company’s subsidiary, Bit Digital Canada, Inc., entered into a Mining Services Agreement (the “MSA”) effective June 1, 2022, for Blockbreakers, Inc. to provide five (5) MW of incremental hosting capacity at its facility in Canada. The facility utilizes an energy source that is primarily hydroelectric. The facility currently powers approximately 650 of the Company’s miners and is expected to accommodate up to 1,500 miners during the coming months.
On June 7, 2022, we entered into a Master Mining Services Agreement (the “MMSA”) with Coinmint LLC (“Coinmint”), pursuant to which Coinmint will provide the required mining colocation services for a one-year period automatically renewing for three-month periods unless earlier terminated. The Company will pay Coinmint electricity costs plus operating costs required to operate the Company’s mining equipment, as well as a performance fee equal to 27.5% of profit, subject to a ten percent (10%) reduction if Coinmint fails to provide Uptime of ninety-eight (98%) percent or better for any period. The Coinmint Facility operates in an upstate New York region that utilizes power that is reported to be 90% emissions-free. As of June 30, 2022, Coinmint provided approximately 20 MW of capacity for our miners.
As of June 30, 2022, Compute North provided approximately 20 MW of capacity for our miners. Our overall expected future hosting capacity with Compute North is approximately 48 MW. As previously announced, during the first quarter we signed a renewal hosting agreement extending the term of a prior agreement for an additional 5 years for approximately 6.5 MW of our total hosting capacity with Compute North. In April 2022, we amended and restated an additional existing hosting agreement for approximately 30 MW of our total hosting capacity with Compute North, to provide for deployment of our miners at a new site in Texas. The amendment did not materially change the total hosting capacity to be provided by Compute North.
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In May 2022, our hosting partner Blockfusion USA, Inc. (“Blockfusion”) advised us that the substation at its Niagara Falls, NY facility was damaged by an explosion and fire, and power was cut off to approximately 2,515 of the Company’s bitcoin miners and approximately 710 ETH miners that had been operating at the site immediately prior to the incident. The explosion and fire are believed to have been caused by faulty equipment owned by the power utility. Blockfusion and the Company intend to pursue claims including seeking reimbursement for lost revenue. Prior to the incident, our facility with Blockfusion in Niagara Falls, New York provided approximately 9.4 MW to power our miners. As of June 30, 2022, our miners with Blockfusion were not actively hashing. The timing for power to be restored to the facility is expected to be in the third quarter of 2022.
In May 2022, our hosting partner Digihost Technology Inc. (“Digihost”) advised us that limited operations at its North Tonawanda, New York plant would require 1,580 of the Company’s miners to temporarily go offline. As of the date of this prospectus, power has already been partially restored and Digihost continues diligent efforts to restore power in full. Our facilities with Digihost in North Tonawanda and Buffalo, NY are expected to deliver an aggregate of 20 MW to power our mines upon completion and restoration of power. Additionally, Digihost has informed us that they continue to work to identify a location to fulfill the remaining 100 MW of contracted hosting capacity pursuant to our agreements.
As of June 30, 2022, our facility with Core Scientific in Georgia provided approximately 0.3 MW to power our miners.
Miner Fleet Update and Overview
As of December 31, 2021, we had 27,744 miners for bitcoin mining, with a total maximum hash rate of 1.60 EH/S.
As of June 30, 2022, we had 38,135 miners for bitcoin mining and 731 miners for Ethereum mining, with a total maximum hash rate of 2.7 EH/S and 0.3 TH/s, respectively.
Our fleet of owned miners comprised the following models as of June 30, 2022:
| Model | Owned as of June 30, 2022 | |||
| MicroBT Whatsminer M21S | 15,293 | |||
| Bitmain Antminer S19 Pro Series | 12,005 | |||
| MicroBT Whatsminer M20S | 3,681 | |||
| Bitmain Antminer S17 | 3,641 | |||
| MicroBT Whatsminer M10 | 1,938 | |||
| Bitmain Antminer T3 | 769 | |||
| Bitmain Antminer T17+ | 500 | |||
| MicroBT Whatsminer M30S | 261 | |||
| Bitmain Antminer T17+ | 44 | |||
| MicroBT Whatsminer M50S | 3 | |||
| Total number for bitcoin miners | 38,135 | |||
| Innosilicon A10 series ETH miners | 731 | |||
| Total miners | 38,866 | |||
On October 7, 2021, we contracted to purchase an additional 10,000 Antminers from Bitmain under a Sales and Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) at an initial estimated cost of $65 million. Net of discounts, the Company paid $58 million for the order. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had received the previously announced 10,000-unit miner purchase from Bitmain. The Company currently has no outstanding payment obligations for miner purchases.
On March 27, 2022, we entered into Asset Purchase Agreements with each of four unaffiliated sellers of bitcoin mining computers, from whom we acquired an aggregate of 706 bitcoin miners on the spot market, including 184 S19 J Pro miners; 197 S19 miners; 197 S19 miners; and 128 S19/S19 Pro miners, respectively. The acquired miners were delivered during April 2022.
On June 9, 2022, the Company and Riot Blockchain, Inc. (“Riot”) entered into a Hashrate Swap Agreement (the “HSA”). The HSA provides for the exchange of cryptocurrency mining power (“Hashrate”) through the exchange of bitcoin mining computers. As additional consideration to the Company to exchange its factory-new miners for Riot’s operating miners, Riot agreed to deliver twenty-five (25%) percent more Hashrate to Bit Digital than Bit Digital will deliver to Riot. As a result of the HSA, the Company will receive an aggregate of 0.625 EH/s of Hashrate from Riot, in exchange for 0.500 EH/s. As of July 1, 2022, Riot has delivered 5,682 machines in exchange for our 4,984 machines.
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The Company sold 1,003 MicroBT Whatsminer M21S miners and 9 MicroBT Whatsminer M20S miners during the six months ended June 30, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we purchased 4,466 miners for bitcoin mining, including 1,259 Bitmain S17Pro, 953 MicroBT M20S, 931 Bitmain S17+, 500 Bitmain S19 Pro, 451 Bitmain T17, 261 MicroBT M30S, 101 Bitmain S17 and 10 Bitmain S17E models. As of December 31, 2021, these purchased miners had already been deployed in North America. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we also purchased 731 A10 miners for ETH mining, 700 of which were deployed in North America in January 2022.
The Company sold 100 MicroBT Whatsminer M21S miners during the quarter ended March 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we repositioned our fleet by selling 15,808 miners that were deemed to have a lower expected return on invested capital than miners we believe we can purchase, and/or were deemed unsuitable for long-distance migration to North America. In addition, we abandoned 1,779 miners that were deemed to have reached the end of their useful lives, were no longer operational and/or would have been uneconomical or impossible to repair or migrate. As a result, we recognized a $3,746,247 net loss, comprised of a $610,520 gain from sales and a $4,356,767 loss from disposals.
Hosting Agreements
In order to achieve lower utility costs, the mining facilities are maintained by our third-party hosting service providers. Our hosts install the miners, provided IT consulting, maintenance and repair work on site for us. Our bitcoin mining facilities in PRC were maintained by Hong Kong suppliers before we suspended our bitcoin mining operations there in June 2021.
Compute North
Our miners’ facilities in Texas and Nebraska are maintained by Compute North LLC, (“Compute North”), a well-known miner hosting company in North America. Pursuant to a Master Agreement dated September 9, 2020 between Compute North and the Company, Compute North is providing colocation, managerial and other services at its data center facilities, including rack space, electrical power, ambient air cooling, internet connectivity and physical security for the Company’s miners during the equipment term of any miner. The term of this agreement shall be for the remainder of any Equipment Term set forth on an order when Compute North notifies the Company in writing that such equipment has been received and turned on by Compute North. From November 2020 through March 2021, the Company signed additional hosting capacity bringing aggregate capacity with Compute North to approximately 48 MW with terms ranging from 12 to 36 months. In March 2022, the Company signed a change order for approximately 6.5 MW of capacity to upgrade miner equipment and extend the term to 60 months. Compute North has advised the Company that delivery of a portion of its contracted hosting capacity has been delayed and is now expected during the second half of 2022. Pending delivery, the Company expects to redirect miner deployments for such capacity to other hosting partners. The agreement is terminable by Compute North for Cause (as defined). The Company granted Compute North a security interest in the miners and other equipment installed at the facility to secure the Company’s obligations under the Master Agreement. Compute North may, at such time as it determines appropriate, file a UCC Financing Statement in such places it determines to evidence the security interest. At the facilities maintained by Compute North, the Company installed miners and is responsible for a monthly service fee per unit and power costs to be set forth on an Order Form as updated from time to time. The monthly service fee $3.00 per unit. Power costs range from $0.35 to $0.60 per KWH. Compute North shall receive a range of 15–25% of the bitcoin mined after payment of the Monthly Service and Power Fees.
As of June 30, 2022, Compute North’s facilities in Nebraska and Texas provided approximately 20 MW to power our miners. Our overall expected future hosting capacity with Compute North is approximately 48 MW.
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Digihost
In June 2021, we entered into a strategic co-mining agreement with Digihost Technologies (“Digihost”) in North America. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Digihost expects to provide certain premises to Bit Digital for the purpose of the operation and storage of a 20 MW Bitcoin mining system to be delivered by Bit Digital, and Digihost will also provide services to maintain the premises for a term of two years. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each party has the right to terminate the agreement in the event of the enactment of New York Senate Bill S6486, or a similar federal, state or local law, that would require so-called “digital asset mining centers” to cease operations. The collaboration between Digihost and Bit Digital is expected to power approximately 400 Ph/s between the companies based on certain assumptions, including, but not limited to, the hash rate and power consumption of miners anticipated to be utilized by the bitcoin mining systems and other factors outside of the Company’s control. Under the terms of the agreement, Digihost is obligated to provide power for the operation of the miners and to also provide management services necessary to maintain 95% uptime on the miners. This Agreement required a $511,000 security deposit, the first month’s rent of $511,000 and a one-time safety installation fee of $35 per miner. The monthly recurring cost will be a Power Cost of $0.035 per KWh on an averaged basis and may include additional costs per KWh on renewable natural gas usage (TBD). Maintenance and Service Costs will be part of the monthly recurring charge on a performance basis. Digihost shall also be entitled to 20% of the profit generated by the miners, paid weekly. Digihost shall be provided read-only access to the Company’s wallet for funds generated by the miners.
In July 2021, the Company and Digihost entered into a second strategic co-mining agreement that is expected to be powered by approximately half renewable and/or carbon free energy sources, subject to finalizing our energy procurement strategy with Digihost. The second agreement brings our total contracted hosting capacity with Digihost to 120 MW. Under this second Colocation Services Agreement (the “CSA”), Digihost will provide the premises to the Company for the operation of a 100 MW bitcoin mining system for a term of two years, subject to earlier termination described above as a result of the New York State bill, or otherwise for Cause. This expanded CSA is expected to facilitate an additional increase in hash rate of approximately 2EH between the two companies and a total increase in hash rate between the two companies of approximately 2.4EH, including the prior colocation described above, based on certain assumptions including, but not limited to, the hash rate and power consumption of miners anticipated to be utilized by the bitcoin mining systems, and other factors including the Company’s ability to purchase such equipment and to secure financing for such purchases. Substantially the same as under the initial agreement, Digihost will maintain 95% uptime for miners on the same, safety installation fees, maintenance costs, power costs, and profit-sharing percentage. The CSA required a security deposit of $2,555,000 and monthly power costs of $511,000 for each of the five months of December 2021 through April 2022.
In May 2022, our hosting partner Digihost advised us that limited operations at its North Tonawanda plant would require 1,580 of the Company’s miners to temporarily go offline. As of the date of this prospectus, power has already been partially restored and Digihost continues diligent efforts to restore power in full. Our facilities with Digihost in North Tonawanda and Buffalo, NY are expected to deliver an aggregate of 20 MW to power our mines upon completion and restoration of power. Additionally, Digihost has informed us that they continue to work to identify a location to fulfill the remaining 100 MW of contracted hosting capacity pursuant to our agreements.
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Blockfusion
On August 25, 2021, the Company entered into a 35 MW Mining Services Agreement (the “MSA”) with BlockFusion USA, Inc. (the “Service Provider”) that is expected to be powered primarily from zero carbon emission energy sources.
The MSA is for a two (2) year Term with automatic renewals for one (1) year terms unless terminated by either party on at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice. During the Term, the Service Provider shall provide certain colocation, operation, management and maintenance services (the “Services”). The Company provided the Service Provider with the first (of four) Pod Mining Equipment for installation in September 2021. If the Service Provider fails to provide an uptime of 98.5% or better, the Performance Fees under the MSA shall be reduced.
The Service Provider shall provide the Company with all necessary access to remotely monitor — in person or remotely — the generated Bitcoin and all other metrics as reasonably requested by the Company. The Company shall pay the actual expenses incurred for the energy used by the Company on a monthly basis plus management costs of $2.00 per miner. The Service Provider shall receive a Performance Fee in respect of services relating to the first 20.0 MW hrs of load power equal to 30% of Net Digital Assets mined for any period, subject to adjustment and in respect to the next15.0 MW hrs equal to 20% of Net Digital Assets mined. The Net Digital Assets for a Payout Period means the Generated Digital Assets minus the amount of Digital Assets that have a value that is equal to the Estimated Daily Costs for Mining such Digital Assets for such Payout Period.
The Company paid the Service Provider in advance $3,750,000 (the “Infrastructure Investment”) to pay for actual bona fide expenses incurred by the Service Provider. During the Term and for a twelve (12) month period after termination of the MSA (the “ROFR Period”), the Company may propose to match the terms of a bona fide offer from a third party to finance or otherwise sell any interest in the Service Provider, or any of its material assets or business interests (a “Covered Transaction”), provided that Company shall be credited the amount of the Infrastructure Investment paid and not reimbursed (the “Discount”). If the Parties do not enter into definitive agreements in respect of one or more Covered Transactions pursuant to which the Company obtains the full economic benefit of the Discount, then, within twelve (12) months following the termination of this Agreement, Service Provider shall refund the Infrastructure Investment. In May 2022, Blockfusion advised us that the substation at its Niagara Falls, NY facility was damaged by an explosion and subsequent fire, and power was cut off to approximately 2,515 of our bitcoin miners and approximately 710 ETH miners that had been operating at the site immediately prior to the incident. There is not believed to have been any material damage to the mining center building or to the Company’s miners. The explosion and fire are believed to have been caused by faulty equipment owned by the power utility. The timing for power to be restored to the facility is expected to be in the third quarter of 2022. Upon completion, this facility is expected to deliver an aggregate of 35 MW to power our miners. As of June 30, 2022, our miners with Blockfusion are not actively hashing.
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Blockbreakers
On June 1, 2022, the Company’s subsidiary, Bit Digital Canada, Inc., entered into a Mining Services Agreement (the “MSA”) for Blockbreakers, Inc. to provide five (5) MW of incremental hosting capacity at its facility in Canada. The facility utilizes an energy source that is primarily hydro power operated. The facility currently powers approximately 650 of the Company’s miners and is expected to accommodate up to 1,500 miners during the coming months.
The MSA is for a two (2) year term (the “Term”), unless terminated earlier, with automatic renewals for additional one (1) year terms, unless terminated by either party upon at least sixty (60) days’ prior written notice. During the Term, Blockbreakers shall provide certain colocation, operation, management and maintenance services (the “Services”). The Company shall pay for the actual expenses incurred by Blockbreakers for the energy used by the Company and for the ancillary energy used in relation to the mining on the premises. The Company was required to make a deposit of $100,000 to secure the payment of power costs and other sums due under the MSA. The Company will pay Blockbreakers a Performance Fee for each twenty-four (24) hour period equal to fifteen (15%) percent of Net Digital Assets, defined as generated digital assets, minus the monthly fee minus the digital assets that have a value equal to the estimated daily costs for mining such digital assets.
In the event Blockbreakers fails to provide uptime of at least 97.5% in any calendar month, provided such failure was not caused principally by the Company or a third party not under the control of Blockbreakers, then the Performance Fee for that month shall be reduced by ten (10%) percent.
The Company retained sole ownership of all mining equipment and generated digital assets minus the Performance Fee. Blockbreakers retained all rights in any lease, sublease or license under which Blockbreakers occupies the Premises with any equipment and property thereon. Blockbreakers shall keep required policies in effect with responsible insurers.
Coinmint
On June 7, 2022, we entered into a Master Mining Services Agreement (the “MMSA”) with Coinmint LLC (“Coinmint”), pursuant to which Coinmint will provide the required mining colocation services for a one-year period automatically renewing for three-month periods unless terminated earlier. The Company will pay Coinmint electricity costs plus operating costs required to operate the Company’s mining equipment, as well as a performance fee equal to 27.5% of profit, subject to a ten percent (10%) reduction if Coinmint fails to provide Uptime of ninety-eight (98%) percent or better for any period. The Company is required to make an NYISO collateral deposit of $20,000 per Megawatt of projected capacity. The Coinmint Facility operates in an upstate New York region that utilizes power that is reported to be 90% emissions-free. As of June 30, 2022, Coinmint provided approximately 20 MW of capacity for our miners.
As a result of its signed hosting agreements, the Company had contracted for hosting capacity sufficient to complete the redeployment of its fleet in North America, with additional signed capacity to facilitate future fleet growth. The Company continues to evaluate additional hosting arrangements with existing and prospective new hosting partners in North America.
Link Global
In Alberta Canada, our miners’ facilities were maintained by Link Global Technologies, Inc. (“Link Global”). Pursuant to a Master Service Agreement dated as of January 31, 2021 between Link Global and Bit Digital Canada, Inc., Link Global installed the Company’s computer miners in Alberta, Canada and was monitoring them on at least a daily basis. Link Global advised us that its facility in Alberta Canada that had supplied us with approximately 3.3 MW for hosting our miners was required to discontinue operations as a result of a permitting dispute. The Company directed miners formerly hosted with Link Global to other hosting partners. The Company has sent Link Global a termination notice and is seeking a refund of its deposit. And “See Risk Factors—Risks Related to Canada Government Regulations.”
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Migration and Status of Mining Operations
It is a common practice in the mining industry in China to migrate miners within geographic locations on a seasonal basis which we did, depending on water and electricity availability and cost. In October 2020, we commenced our strategy of migrating assets from China to North America. The Company had already migrated its miners out of Inner Mongolia when the government of China’s Inner Mongolia banned all crypto mining facilities in March 2021. On May 21, 2021, when the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council in China proposed to “crack down on bitcoin mining and trading,” local governments began to issue corresponding measures to respond to the central government’s proposal. From May 21, 2021 until June 18, 2021, when the Sichuan Province issued a notice on the shutdown of digital asset mining operations, the Company had mining operations only in Sichuan Province which it terminated on June 21, 2021, prior to the June 25, 2021 deadline.
From April through June 2021, we migrated 14,500 miners from China to the United States. As of June 30, 2021, 9,489 of our miners in China were warehoused and were not in operation, awaiting disposition or migration to North America. As a result, a significant portion of our fleet was offline in 2021. Prior to shipment, we generally refurbished our miners in a facility in Shenzhen, China, to ensure the resilience during transfer and operability upon arrival. Miners are securely packaged and shipped via air or by sea, depending on market conditions. We completed the migration of all of our remaining China-based miners out of China by September 2021. The last miner shipments arrived in the U.S. as of November 17, 2021. 27.8% of our fleet or 7,710 bitcoin miners representing 0.457 EH/s was deployed in North America as of December 31, 2021. As of June 30, 2022, 23% of our currently-owned fleet, or 8,990 bitcoin miners representing 0.76 Exahash (“EH/s”), was deployed in North America. The miners awaiting installation in the United States are expected to be installed at sites operated by our hosting partners.
On October 7, 2021, the Company contracted to purchase an additional 10,000 Antminers from Bitmain Technologies Limited (“Bitmain”) under a Sales and Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) at an original estimated cost of $65,000,000. Those miners are expected to increase the Company’s miner hash rate by approximately 1.0 Exahash (“EH/s”). The initial payment of $27,500,000 under the SPA was made on October 7, 2021 upon the signing of the SPA and an aggregate of $58,000,000, net of discounts, has been paid, in full, as of May 24, 2022. The last shipment of miners was received on June 27, 2022. The Company used funds on hand and proceeds from the sale of securities in our September 2021 private placement, as well as the liquidation of bitcoins we held, to fund the purchase of these additional miners.
The miners we own are mostly made by manufacturers MicroBT and Bitmain for bitcoin mining, which we believe are the top two brands in the industry, and the standard Bitcoin ASIC miners providing hash computing power to the bitcoin network. We have not had any bitcoin mining operations in mainland China since June 2021.
Our miners completed the migration from mainland China to North America during the fourth quarter of 2021. All miners and newly purchased miners are expected to be fully operational during the fourth quarter of 2022.
As of December 31, 2021, in Nebraska we had 5,532 miners, in Texas we had 4,300 miners, in Georgia we had 100 miners, in New York we had 12,566 miners, and in New Jersey we had 5,977 miners warehoused.
As of December 31, 2021, the maximum total hash rate of all the 27,744 miners and 731 Ethereum miners was 1.603 EH/s and 0.297 TH/s, respectively, all located in North America.
As of June 30, 2022, we had 38,135 miners for bitcoin mining and 731 miners for Ethereum mining, with a total maximum hash rate of 2.7 EH/S and 0.3 TH/s, respectively.
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Bitcoin Production
From the inception of our bitcoin mining business in February 2020 to June 30, 2022, we earned an aggregate of 3,967.23 bitcoins. The following table presents the number of bitcoins mined on a quarterly basis:
The following table presents our bitcoin mining activities for the six-month ended June 30, 2022.
| Number
of bitcoins (1) | Amount (2) | |||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | 808.23 | $ | 35,025,158 | |||||
| Receipt of BTC from mining services | 391.76 | 14,533,217 | ||||||
| Sales of and payments made in BTC | (339.42 | ) | (14,900,799 | ) | ||||
| Realized gain on sale of BTC | - | 3,692,990 | ||||||
| Impairment of BTC | - | (23,044,783 | ) | |||||
| Balance at June 30, 2022 | 860.57 | $ | 15,305,783 | |||||
| (1) | Includes bitcoins and bitcoin equivalents. |
| (2) | Receipt of digital assets from mining services are the product of the number of bitcoins received multiplied by the bitcoin price obtained from CryptoCompare, calculated on a daily basis. Sales of digital assets are the actual amount received from sales. |
Our mining facilities and mining platform operate with the primary intent of accumulating bitcoin, which we may sell for fiat currency from time to time depending on market conditions and management’s determination of our cash flow needs. Each of our operating subsidiaries in Hong Kong, the U.S. and Canada received revenue in the form of digital assets, the value of which is determined using the market price of the related digital asset at the time of receipt. The digital asset is either held by the subsidiary or sold for fiat currency or USD Coin (“USDC”). See “Digital Asset Transactions” below.
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Custodian Accounts
Generally, we only sell bitcoins when there is a need to fund our working capital requirements and the purchase of mining equipment. We otherwise store the balance in custody. As of June 30, 2022, we had only used Cactus Custody, a division of Matrixport Guard Limited (“Cactus Custody”), as our custodian (the “Custodian”) to store our digital assets. As of August 31, 2022, we entered into an agreement to also use Fireblocks, Inc. (“Fireblocks”), located in New York City, as described below. While the Custodian holds our digital assets, the ownership and operation rights are always 100% attributed to the Company. Our custody account status and assets transactions are clearly recorded, and we can log into the Custodian’s system to query and download those records at any time. The Custodian will not loan, hypothecate, pledge and/or encumber our assets without express instructions from us.
Cactus Custody can transfer any digital assets to either cold or hot wallet addresses which transactions are assigned and managed under the Custodian’s management. The transactions are broadcast to the blockchain network, where they are validated and then enter the Custodian’s custody. Digital assets are kept in unique and segregated blockchain addresses accessible by us and verifiable on blockchain at any time.
For storage of digital assets, the Cactus Custody wallet arrangement includes hardware and software infrastructure and security controls over key generation, storage, management and transaction signing. Hot storage is the online key storage part. The Cactus Custody’s proprietary solution adopts HSM (Hardware Security Module) for key generation, storage and transaction signing. An HSM is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptoprocessing. HSMs provide tamper evidence, tamper resistance and tamper responsiveness features that can safeguard client’s private keys. Private keys will be generated in HSM by a true random number generator; the plaintext of the private key will never leave the HSM. Cactus Custody’s proprietary storage applies industry best practice in security design for cold storage, such as the highest security level HSM, multi-sig, private key split and stored in geographically distributed vaults. Vault here refers to a highly secured data center with stringent access control and high-quality environment control. Each cold storage vault only stores one-half of the encrypted private key in HSM. Vaults are located in three continents and are not prone to single point of failure.
The physical backup is the disaster recovery measure. Private keys are generated in HSM. Matrixport will split encrypted private keys into 8 pieces. Each piece will be stored in an encrypted hard disk which will be then kept in a safe deposit box in different banks. Three (3) of eight (8) pieces held by management, the Company and a third party would be needed to recover private keys. Cold storage withdrawal can only be made to the user’s hot storage address. The Custodian provides internal risk control measures like withdrawal limit and whitelist as a tool to help protect client’s digital assets.
Pursuant to a License Agreement effective August 31, 2022 (the “Agreement”), Fireblocks granted the Company’s subsidiary a non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, non-transferable license to access and use its services to securely store, manage and administer its own holdings of digital assets on various blockchains, using a combination of encrypted public and private keys (hereinafter, the “Service”). The Company retained ownership of all rights, title and interest to all Licensee Data (as defined) provided by the Company to Fireblocks.
The Company is required to activate a private key share generated on its mobile device via the Fireblock’s app in order to use the Service. In order to access and use the Service’s app, the Company’s permitted users must have an individual recovery passphrase used to remove the private key share, in the event the mobile device or the Service’s app is damaged, stolen or otherwise inaccessible. For a setup of each Fireblocks vault sub-account and exchange or counterparty connection, the Company must perform sanity testing to the Service by receiving a digital asset to a Fireblocks vault and executing a transaction from the Fireblocks vault. The Company is solely responsible for maintaining insurance policies for its digital assets and/or its products, services and operations.
Fireblocks may, from time to time in its sole discretion, offer to provide optional additional services in connection with its provision of the Fireblocks vault service (such services, the “Optional Software Services”). Optional Software Services are offered on a opt-in basis to the Company if it affirmatively accesses the Optional Software Services or otherwise specifies them in an order. During the Initial Term of the Agreement, the Company may elect to use any and all Optional Software Services without any additional fees on top of those applicable subscription fees which are set forth in the order. The license granted for the Service and the provision of related services, to the extent applicable, are subject to the full payment of the applicable subscription fees. Payment for the Service is $40,000 per year. However, if quarterly outgoing volume exceeds $10,000,000, there is an additional charge based on usage.
Fireblocks may, from time to time, provide updates or upgrades to the Service, but is not under any obligation to do so. Such updates and upgrades will be supplied according to Fireblocks’ then-current policies, which may include automatic updating and upgrading. The Service and the services provided by Fireblocks to the Company are provided “as is” and Fireblocks and its suppliers, if any, make no warranty of any kind, express or implied, regarding the Service, and specifically disclaim the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, to the maximum extent possible by law. Fireblocks does not warrant that the Service will meet the Company’s requirements, operate without interruption or be error free. Fireblocks has no responsibility for any damage resulting from (including, but not limited to, any damage to the Company’s account) and the warranty does not apply to any security breach resulting from: (i) any modifications or alteration of the Service, its functionality or capabilities that is not made by Fireblocks or its agents; and/or (ii) by malicious code, malware, bots, worms, trojans, backdoors, exploits, cheats, fraud, hacks, hidden diagnostics or other mechanisms to disable security or content protection that is resulting from the Company’s network system.
Fireblocks agreed to defend, at its expense, any third party action or suit brought against the Company alleging that the Service, when used as permitted under this Agreement, infringes intellectual property rights of a third party; and Fireblocks will pay any damages awarded in a final judgment against the Company that are attributable to any such claim.
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The License is effective for a one-year term, which shall automatically be renewed for additional one-year terms unless terminated by either party on at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice given before the end of the term. Either party may terminate the Agreement upon written notice if the other party is in breach or default of any material provision of the Agreement and, if curable, fails to cure the breach or default within thirty (30) days of receipt of written notice of the breach or default.
The Company agreed that its use of the Service will comply with applicable export control and trade sanctions laws, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) and the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) (collectively, “Export Control Laws”).
Digital Asset Transactions
We use Amber Group’s OTC desk for selling or exchanging bitcoins for U.S. dollars, USDC (USD Coin) or ETH (Ethereum token). Subsequent to September 30, 2021, we exited our holdings of WBTC and USDT and have no plans to hold these assets in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, we only own bitcoin, ETH and USDC. We are in the preliminary stage of implementing treasury management alternatives to increase earnings of the bitcoins we mine and hold. In that regard, we may continue to hold ETH and/or USDC (in addition to bitcoin) in order to fund the purchase of bitcoin miners and other mining equipment, to pay operational expenses such as hosting company fees and for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including treasury management. We have temporarily taken receipt of other digital assets, the amounts of which have not been material, as stated above. However, other than bitcoin, ETH and USDC, we have no holdings of, and have no current plans to hold, any other types of digital assets.
Our determination that the digital assets we hold are not securities is a risk-based assessment and not a legal standard or binding on the SEC or any other regulators. If bitcoin, ETH, or USDC tokens are deemed to be securities under the laws of any U.S. federal, state, or foreign jurisdiction, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have adverse consequences for such digital asset. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to United States Government Regulation–A particular digital asset’s status as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and if a regulator disagrees with our characterization of a digital asset, we may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigations, fines, and other penalties, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, a determination that bitcoin, ETH or USDC that we own or mine is a “security” may adversely affect the value of the digital asset and our business.”
We expect our results of operations to continue to be affected by bitcoin prices as most of our revenue, to date, is sourced from bitcoin mining production. Since January 2022, the decrease in bitcoin price has affected our results of operations and financial condition. As of June 30, 2022, we held 860.57 bitcoin, with a carrying value of $15.3 million. The carrying value of our bitcoin assets as of June 30, 2022 reflects the $23.0 million of impairment charges we recorded against the carrying value of our bitcoin assets during the six (6) months ended June 30, 2022 due to decrease in the fair value of our bitcoin assets after receipt. The decrease in our revenue from bitcoin mining from January to June of this year is substantially driven by the decrease in bitcoin price, as revenue is recognized on the then-current price. Our bitcoin production for the months of January – June 2022 was as follows:
| USA | Canada | Total | ||||||||||
| January | 63.58 | - | 63.58 | |||||||||
| February | 60.52 | - | 60.52 | |||||||||
| March | 70.38 | - | 70.38 | |||||||||
| April | 76.23 | - | 76.23 | |||||||||
| May | 53.21 | 0.24 | 53.45 | |||||||||
| June | 63.56 | 4.05 | 67.61 | |||||||||
| Total: | 387.48 | 4.29 | 391.77 | |||||||||
Any future significant reductions in the price of bitcoin will likely have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See “Risk Factors – Bitcoin Related Risks – Our results of operations are expected to continue to be impacted by significant fluctuations in bitcoin price.”
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had loaned 5.19 bitcoins to an unaffiliated third party. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company lent an additional 141.99 and 81.78 bitcoins to two third parties, respectively. All loans were subject to interest of 5% per annum. The bitcoins were repayable on demand. As of June 30, 2021, the unaffiliated third parties repaid all bitcoins under the aforementioned loans. As of December 31, 2021, there were no additional bitcoins lent to third parties.
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Ethereum/The Merge
The Company is expanding from mining bitcoin to also validating transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. Transactions on the chain are conducted in Ether (ETH). A total of 731 ETH miners we own were first purchased in December 2021 and put into operation in January 2022. We earned 189.26 ETH and 293.54 ETH from mining operations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. As described above, under “Custodian Accounts” we will store and maintain custody of our ETH at Fireblocks and Cactus Custody. However, all of the ETH miners are currently not in operation at Blockfusion’s hosting facility in Niagara, New York due to the aforementioned fire and explosion.
While the Company remains bullish on bitcoin, and supporting the bitcoin blockchain, it expects to derive revenue from the Ethereum network which powers a smart contract platform, that is the second biggest blockchain by market capitalization at $200 billion as of July 2022 per CoinMarketCap. After many years of development, the Ethereum blockchain is expected to make its transition from a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism, like the bitcoin network, to a proof-of-stake (PoS) model. A proof-of-stake system generally does not expend as much energy to verify transactions as does the bitcoin blockchain. Instead, digital assets are deposited in a specific smart contract, which enters them in a lottery. Each time an exchange occurs, a participant is selected from the lottery to verify the transaction and win the reward. The transition to a PoS blockchain will merge the Ethereum Mainnet with the PoS Beacon Chain in or about September 2022 and is referred to as the “Merge.” Notwithstanding the fact that a not-for-profit called The Ethereum Foundation helps supervise the blockchain, Ethereum is run by a group of engineers across the world.
Upon the successful completion of the Merge, PoW mining will no longer be the means of validating Ethereum transactions and producing new ETH. Instead, the PoS validators will assume this role and will be responsible for processing the validity of all transactions and preparing blocks. The Company intends to accumulate and actively stake ETH to generate yields. This is intended to diversify the Company in a second blue chip digital asset ecosystem and provide investors with exposure to the smart contract economy. It is also expected to provide a new predictable and recurring stream of digital asset rewards.
Insurance
We currently do not have any insurance of our miners; however, we intend to purchase insurance in the future. The market is in its early stages. We are actively seeking insurance for miner assets, as well as digital assets of the Company.
Cactus Custody is self-insured for its secure asset fund (the “Fund”). The Fund size is USD $4 million, with an additional 35% of custody service annual revenue each year to be added to this Fund, at no additional cost to the Company.
The Fund covers:
| ● | damage caused by insider theft or dishonest acts by Cactus Custody employees or executives; |
| ● | third-party hacks, copying, or theft of private keys for both hot and cold storage; and |
| ● | damage caused by loss of keys for both hot and cold storage |
| - | Transfer of cash |
Since the Company’s commencement of mining operations in February 2020, the Company has not transferred any cash from the holding company to any of its subsidiaries.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company raised proceeds of approximately $5.2 million from certain private placements, and the proceeds were directly transferred from investors to the designated accounts of Bit Digital Hong Kong Limited (“BT HK”), the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary in Hong Kong.
During the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $107 million from both private placements, our equity line of credit and convertible notes. The proceeds were directly transferred from investors to designated accounts of Bit Digital USA, Inc. (“BT USA”), the Company’s subsidiary in the U.S.
| - | Transfer of other assets |
During the period from February 2020 to September 30, 2021, Bit Digital Hong Kong transferred 25,006 miners to BT USA, with a carrying value of $19.80 million.
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| - | Payment of dividends or distributions |
During the period from February 2020 to the date of this prospectus, the Company did not receive any dividends or distributions from any of its subsidiaries, nor did the Company make any dividends or distributions to its investors.
Pursuant to the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China and its implementation rules, if a non-resident enterprise has not set up an organization or establishment in the PRC, or has set up an organization or establishment, but the income derived has no actual connection with such organization or establishment, it will be subject to a withholding tax on its PRC-sourced income at a rate of 10%. Pursuant to the Arrangement between mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise is reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or Circular 81, a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax: (i) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (ii) it must have directly owned such percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. There are also other conditions for enjoying the reduced withholding tax rate according to other relevant tax rules and regulations. In October 2019, Announcement of State Taxation Administration on Promulgation of the Administrative Measures on Non-resident Taxpayers Enjoying Treaty Benefits , or Circular 35, which became effective on January 1,2020. Circular 35 provides that non-resident taxpayers claiming treaty benefits shall be handled in accordance with the principles of "self-assessment, claiming benefits, retention of the relevant materials for future inspection". Where a non-resident taxpayer self-assesses and concludes that it satisfies the criteria for claiming treaty benefits, it may enjoy treaty benefits at the time of tax declaration or at the time of withholding through the withholding agent, simultaneously gather and retain the relevant materials pursuant to the provisions of these Measures for future inspection, and accept follow-up administration by the tax authorities.
| - | Restrictions or limitations |
As of this date, the Company had five subsidiaries incorporated in and based in the United States, Canada, Hong Kong and Singapore. The Company is not aware of any restrictions or limitations on foreign exchange in these countries or areas, or its ability to transfer cash between entities, across borders or to U.S. investors, nor is the Company aware of any restrictions and limitations on its ability to distribute earnings from its businesses, including the businesses of its subsidiaries, to the holding company and its U.S. investors.
From the Company’s commencement of mining operations in February 2020 to October 3, 2021, the Company did not transfer any cash to any of its subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company raised proceeds of approximately $5.2 million from private placements of the Company’s securities, and the proceeds were directly transferred from investors in those private placements to the designated accounts of Bit Digital Hong Kong Limited (“BT HK”), one of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries in Hong Kong.
During the period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, the Company raised proceeds of approximately $58 million under an equity line of credit. The proceeds were directly transferred from investors to designated accounts of Bit Digital USA, Inc. (“BT USA”), the Company’s subsidiary in the U.S. The net proceeds raised in our $80 million September 2021 private placement were transferred to BT USA. See “Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities” below.
Disposition of peer-to-peer lending business and the car rental business in the PRC
On September 8, 2020, the Board approved the disposal of Point Cattle Holdings Limited, a former wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in the British Virgin Islands, and its subsidiaries and VIEs, through which Golden Bull Limited previously operated our peer-to-peer lending business and the car rental business in PRC. Prior to the sale, we discontinued our peer-to-peer lending business and the car rental business in the PRC (the “Discontinued Operations”).
On the same date, the Company entered into a certain share purchase agreement (the “Disposition SPA”) by and among Sharp Whale Limited, a BVI company (the “Purchaser”), Point Cattle Holding Limited (the “Subsidiary”) and the Company (the “Seller”). Pursuant to the Disposition SPA, the Purchaser purchased the Subsidiary in exchange for nominal consideration of $10.00 and other good and valuable consideration. The former subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC that had been engaged in the Discontinued Operations no longer have any relationship with the Company.
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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Private Placement
On September 29, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain purchasers signatory thereto (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private offering (the “Private Placement”), an aggregate of approximately $80 million of securities, consisting of 13,490,728 Ordinary Shares of the Company, par value $.01 per share and Ordinary Share Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 10,118,046 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $7.91 per whole share (subject to adjustment), for a combined purchase price of $5.93 per share and accompanying warrant (collectively, the “Securities”). Each Warrant is exercisable immediately and will expire three and one-half years after the effective date (the “Effective Date”) of the registration statement declared effective on January 25, 2022 which was filed pursuant to the Registration Right Agreement (the “RRA”). If and only if, at the time of exercise of the Warrants there is no effective registration statement registering the Warrant Shares for resale, the Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis.
The Purchase Agreement and the RRA contain customary representations, warranties, covenants, conditions and agreements of the Company and the Purchasers and customary indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to certain restrictions on the issuance and sale of its Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) during the 60-day period ending March 26, 2022. The Company agreed with the Purchasers that it will not enter into any “variable rate” transaction with any third party exclusive of a Purchase Agreement with Ionic Ventures, LLC and an “at the market” offering with H.C. Wainwright& Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”), for a one-year period following the Effective Date. The Company also agreed that for a one-year period from the Effective Date, it will not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of its Ordinary Shares without the prior written consent of a majority in interest of the Purchasers.
Each of the Company’s Officers and Directors entered into a Lock-Up Agreement prohibiting transfers and sale of their Ordinary Shares, with certain exceptions (e.g., to pay taxes) for a ninety (90) day period following the Effective Date. The Company agreed to not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements.
A Purchaser (together with its affiliates) will not be able to exercise any portion of the Warrant to the extent that the Purchaser would own more than 4.99% (or, at the Purchaser’s option upon issuance, 9.99%) of the Company’s outstanding Ordinary Shares immediately after exercise. However, upon prior notice from the Purchaser to the Company, a Purchaser with a 4.99% ownership blocker may increase or decrease the amount of ownership of outstanding Ordinary Shares after exercising the Purchaser’s Warrant, up to 9.99% of the number of the Company’s Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Warrant, provided that any increase shall not be effective until 61 days following notice to us. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause this Registration Statement providing for the resale by holders of shares of its Ordinary Shares and shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”), to be filed within fifteen (15) days of the execution of the RRA on September 29, 2021 and shall use its best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to be declared effective no later than forty five (45) days following the execution of the RRA or, in the case of a full review by the SEC, the 75th day following the execution of the RRA. This Registration Statement was filed on a timely basis, however, was not declared effective by November 13, 2021. Therefore, the Company incurred liquidated damages of $5,419,000 until January 25, 2022 when the registration statement was declared effective.
The Private Placement closed on October 4, 2021. The Company received gross proceeds of $80,000,017 in connection with the Private Placement before deducting placement agent fees and related offering expenses.
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Selling Shareholder Transactions
The Notes
On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with Ionic (the “Holder”) for the sale of subordinated convertible notes due May 5, 2021 (the “Notes”) up to an aggregate original principal amount of $1,650,000 with an original issue discount (OID) of 10% in a private placement.
The initial Note having an original principal amount of $1,100,000 was issued and sold on February 5, 2021 at a first closing and a second Note having an original principal amount of $550,000 was issued and sold at a second closing on March 12, 2021. The Company received approximately $1,280,000 in net proceeds after the second closing, after deducting fees payable to broker-dealers and certain other transaction expenses, including fees and expenses of legal counsels in connection with the transactions.
The Notes were unsecured and were expressly junior to any existing or future debt obligations of the Company. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum, increasing to 15% if not paid within three (3) months of the initial closing, or May 5, 2021 (“Maturity Date”) or otherwise upon an Event of Default (as defined in the Notes).
The Notes were not earlier redeemed by the Company and automatically converted into Ordinary Shares upon the effectiveness of Registration Statement (No. 333-254060), at the Standard Conversion Price then in effect of $6.00 per share. We previously registered 412,500 of such conversion shares, which represents 150% of the maximum number of shares issuable upon conversion of $1,650,000 principal amount of subordinated convertible notes at an assumed conversion price of $6.00 per share.
Purchase Agreement
On January 11, 2021, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement, as amended and restated on July 30, 2021, with Ionic (also herein referred to as the “Investor”) whereby we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Ionic, and Ionic is obligated to purchase up to in the aggregate $80,000,000 worth of Ordinary Shares. Sales of Ordinary Shares by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s sole discretion, over the 36-month period commencing on May 20, 2021 (the “Commencement Date”). As of the date of this prospectus, the Company had sold to the Investor an aggregate of approximately 16,962,521 Ordinary Shares for an aggregate price of $58 Million. This prospectus is part of a third registration statement concerning the remaining $22 Million of Ordinary Shares the Company may sell to the Investor.
The purchase price of the Ordinary Shares purchased by the Investor under the Purchase Agreement will be derived from prevailing market prices of the Company’s Ordinary Shares immediately preceding the time of sale. The Company will control the timing and amount of future sales, if any, of Ordinary Shares to the Investor. The Investor has no right to require the Company to sell any Ordinary Shares to the Investor, but the Investor is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions.
Under the Purchase Agreement, from and after the Commencement Date, the Company has the right, from time to time in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct the Investor to purchase up to the lesser of (i) $2,500,000 in Ordinary Shares; and (ii) 75% of the average dollar volume of Ordinary Shares for the lowest 8 of 10 Trading Days prior to providing notice to the Investor. The Company may effect a regular purchase at the Regular Purchase Price equal to 85% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest volume weighted average prices (“VWAP”) calculated for the period five (5) Trading Days prior to and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement purchase shares (the “Regular Purchase Measurement Period”) based on an estimate and true-up. The Company may also effect an alternate purchase at the Alternate Purchase Price equal to 80% of the arithmetic average of the VWAPs calculated for the period on and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement shares (the “Alternate Purchase Measurement Period”) based on an estimate and true-up until $40,000,000 of Ordinary Shares have been purchased and now at 90% (as amended).
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The Company may deliver a notice to the Investor for a regular purchase or an alternate purchase as often as every business day, so long as (i) on any such notice date, the closing sale price of the Ordinary Shares is not below the Floor Price (initially set at $1.00 per Ordinary Share, subject to customary adjustments), (ii) shares for all prior regular purchases and alternate purchases have theretofore been received by the Investor in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, and (iii) no current Regular Purchase Measurement Period or Alternate Purchase Measurement Period is running (unless, with respect to regular purchases only, the Company and the Investor mutually agree otherwise in writing). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not deliver a regular purchase or alternate purchase notice to the Investor if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or if any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default, has occurred and is continuing.
In all instances, the Company may not sell Ordinary Shares to the Investor under the Purchase Agreement if it would result in the Investor beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares. Under applicable rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Company, as a Foreign Private Issuer, has elected to follow home country practice and does not require shareholder approval in the event that issuances under the Purchase Agreement exceed twenty (20%) percent or more of the Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement.
The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement (the “RRA”) each contains representations, warranties, covenants, closing conditions and indemnification and termination provisions by, between and for the benefit of the parties which are customary of transactions of this nature. Additionally, sales to the Investor under the Purchase Agreement may be limited, to the extent applicable, by Nasdaq and SEC rules. The Company agreed with the Investor that it will not enter into any “variable rate” transactions with any third party for a period defined in the Purchase Agreement, as amended and restated. The Investor has covenanted not to cause or engage in any direct or indirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s Ordinary Shares.
In connection with each Regular Purchase and Alternate Purchase, the Company shall issue to Ionic a number of additional Ordinary Shares (the “Commitment Shares”) equal to the product of (x) the number of Ordinary Shares sold to Ionic and (y) 2.5% as a commitment fee for no additional consideration. Up to 495,000 shares are being registered hereunder as Commitment Shares, of which 104,563 shares (based on an assumed price of $10.52 per share) may be issued as Additional Commitment Shares to satisfy the Additional Commitment Fee, as described below.
The Purchase Agreement may be terminated by the Company at any time, at its sole discretion, however, until the Company sold $40,000,000 to the Investor under the Purchase Agreement, which has occurred, the Company was liable for an additional commitment fee of $1,000,000 (the “Additional Commitment Fee”).
The proceeds received by the Company under the Purchase Agreement are expected to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.
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The Offering
| Ordinary Shares Offered | An aggregate of 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares are registered for resale by the Selling Shareholder, which are issuable to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement dated as of January 11, 2021 as amended on July 30, 2021, of which: |
| (a) up to 19,500,000 shares may be issued and sold to Ionic for cash; and | |
| (b) up to 500,000 shares (2.5% of the number of shares sold for cash) may be issued for no consideration as Commitment Shares. | |
| Ordinary Shares Outstanding | 82,448,907(1) |
| Use of Proceeds | We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder. However, we may receive proceeds of up to $22,000,000 from the sale of Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement, from time to time in our discretion after the date the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective and the other conditions in the Purchase Agreement have been satisfied. The proceeds received from Ionic under the Purchase Agreement will be used to purchase bitcoin miners, associated assets and for working capital purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.” |
| Dividend Policy | We have never declared any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in financing the growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. See “Description of Share Capital.” |
| Trading Symbol | Our common stock currently trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market with the symbol “BTBT.” |
| Risk Factors | You should carefully consider the information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular, the specific factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 21 of this prospectus before deciding whether or not to invest in our Ordinary Shares. |
| (1) | Reflects shares issued and outstanding as of September 1, 2022. |
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Foreign Private Issuer Status
As of June 30, 2022, the date of determination, we determined that we remained a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; | |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; | |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; | |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; | |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and | |
| ● | Our insiders are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring such individuals, and entities to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and financial disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies, that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, (1) presenting only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in this prospectus, (2) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), (3) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (4) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We intend to take advantage of these exemptions. As a result, investors may find investing in our Ordinary Shares less attractive.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of such extended transition period.
We could remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (2) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months, or (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 33 Irving Place, New York, New York 10003. Our telephone number at this address is 1-212-463-5121. Our office in Hong Kong is located at Room 3603, Tower 2 Metro Plaza, Hong Kong, China. Our telephone number at that address is +(852)-68417527. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at Corporate Filing Services Ltd., P.O. Box 613, 3rd Floor, Harbour Centre, 42 North Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, KY 1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our registered office in Singapore is located at 120 Robinson Road #13-01, Singapore 068913. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Corporation Service Company, 19 West 44th Street, Suite 201, New York, NY 10036. The Company’s legal advisers are as follows: in the PRC: Tian Yuan Law Firm, 10F, Tower B, China Pacific Insurance Plaza, 28 Fengsheng Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing 10032 China; in the Cayman Islands: Ogier, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands KY1-9009; and in the United States: Davidoff Hutcher & Citron LLP, 605 Third Ave, New York, NY 10158. Our Auditors are: Audit Alliance, LLP, 20 Maxwell Road #11-09, Maxwell House, Singapore 069113. See “Experts” regarding prior auditors. Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices.
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An investment in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all other information contained in this prospectus, including the matters discussed under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” before you decide to invest in our Ordinary Shares. The Company may be subject to various legal and operational risks as a result of its previously being a China-based Issuer with substantial amounts of the Company’s operations previously in China and Hong Kong. The legal and regulatory environment in China is in many respects different from the United States. These risks and others could result in a material change in the value of our securities and/or significantly limit or completely limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. If any of the following risks, or any other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related to this Offering
The sale or issuance of Ordinary Shares to Ionic may cause dilution, and the sale of Ordinary Shares acquired by Ionic, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to fall.
On January 11, 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Ionic pursuant to which Ionic has committed to purchase up to $80,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares. As of the date of this prospectus, an aggregate of approximately 16,962,521 Ordinary Shares were issued at a price of $58 Million. Of the 20,000,000 shares being registered hereunder which are issuable under the Purchase Agreement, up to 19,500,000 of such shares may be sold for cash and issued to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement at our discretion from time to time commencing after the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement including that the SEC has declared effective the registration statement that includes this prospectus, and up to 500,000 (2.5% of the number of shares sold for cash) of such shares being may be issued for no additional consideration as Commitment Shares. The purchase price for the Ordinary Shares that we may sell to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the price of Ordinary Shares. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such Ordinary Shares may cause the trading price of our Ordinary Shares to fall.
We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any future sales of our Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our Ordinary Shares, if any, to Ionic will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Ionic all, some or none of the additional Ordinary Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Therefore, sales to Ionic by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our Ordinary Shares. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of Ordinary Shares to Ionic, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. If and when we do sell Ordinary Shares to Ionic, after Ionic has acquired the Ordinary Shares, Ionic may resell all, some or none of those Ordinary Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion.
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We may not have access to the full amount available under the Purchase Agreement with Ionic.
Under the Purchase Agreement, from and after the Commencement Date, the Company has the right, from time to time in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct the Investor to purchase up to the lesser of (i) $2,500,000 in Ordinary Shares; and (ii) 75% of the average dollar volume of Ordinary Shares for the lowest 8 of 10 Trading Days prior to providing notice to the Investor. The Company may effect a regular purchase at the Regular Purchase Price equal to 85% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest VWAPs calculated for the period five (5) Trading Days prior to and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement purchase shares based on an estimate and true-up. The Company may also effect an alternate purchase at the Alternate Purchase Price equal to 90% (as amended) of the arithmetic average of the VWAPs calculated for the period on and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement shares based on an estimate and true-up.
Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to $80,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares to Ionic, only 16,962,521 Ordinary Shares were issued under two prior registration statements (No. 333-254060 - effective May 20, 2021, and No. 333-258330 – effective February 7, 2022). Twenty million (20,000,000) shares are being offered under this prospectus pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (of which up to 500,000 shares may be issued as Commitment Shares for no consideration and may be issued and sold to Ionic in the future, if and when we sell Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement). As a result, depending on the market prices of our Ordinary Shares, we may not be able to sell the remaining $22,000,000 commitment amount contemplated by the Purchase Agreement.
In the event that the market price of our Ordinary Shares decreases, we may be able to issue and sell more Ordinary Shares to Ionic of up to $22,000,000 remaining under the Purchase Agreement than can be represented by the 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus. In such case we will need to register for resale under the Securities Act additional Ordinary Shares to represent such Ordinary Shares, which will require additional time, resources and cost to us. In addition, the issuance and sale of such additional Ordinary Shares could cause substantial dilution to our shareholders.
The extent to which we rely on Ionic as a source of funding through May 2024 will depend on a number of factors, including the prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares and the extent to which we are able to secure working capital from other sources. Even if we sell all remaining $22,000,000 of Ordinary Shares under the Purchase Agreement to Ionic, we may still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Ionic will pay less than the then-prevailing market price for our Ordinary Shares, which could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decline.
The purchase price of Ordinary Shares sold to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement is derived from the market price of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Ordinary Shares to be sold to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will be purchased at a discounted price depending on the type of purchase. The Company may effect a regular purchase at the Regular Purchase Price equal to 85% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest VWAPs calculated for the period five (5) Trading Days prior to and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement purchase shares based on an estimate and true-up. The Company may also effect an alternate purchase at the Alternate Purchase Price equal to 90% (as amended) of the arithmetic average of the VWAPs calculated for the period on and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement shares based on an estimate and true-up. As a result of this pricing structure, Ionic may sell the Ordinary Shares it receives immediately after receipt of the Ordinary Shares, which could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decrease. These sales may have a further impact on the price of our Ordinary Shares.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Prior to the commencement of the Company’s bitcoin mining business, and before the involvement of any of the Company’s current directors, officers or employees, Golden Bull Limited formerly operated a peer-to-peer lending business in the PRC, as discussed below. Additionally, from February 2020 to June 2021, the Company operated its bitcoin mining business in the PRC, but completed the migration of all of its bitcoin mining operations out of China by September 30, 2021. Risks related to the Company’s former operations in the PRC are discussed below.
Pursuant to laws and regulations of PRC, there are two ways for foreign legal persons/entities to be considered to be engaging in operation activities within the territory of China. One way is to establish a foreign-invested enterprise, that is incorporated, according to the Foreign Investment Law of PRC, within the territory of China and that is wholly or partly invested by a foreign investor. The organization form, institutional framework and standard of conduct of a foreign-invested enterprise are subject to the provisions of the Company Law of the PRC and the Partnership Enterprise Law of the PRC and other law related regulations. Another way to be deemed to be operating within China is to complete the approval and registration procedures with the relevant regulatory authorities in accordance with the provisions of Administrative Measures for the Registration of Enterprises of Foreign Countries (Regions) Engaging in Production and Operation Activities within the Territory of China (Revised in 2020), or Order No.31. Notwithstanding the fact that we no longer have bitcoin mining operations in China, our prior operations may subject us to the statutes and regulations of China, as the Company conducted its bitcoin mining operations in the PRC through its Hong Kong subsidiary and did not register to do business in the PRC and, as described below, we may be subject to fines, penalties and/or other sanctions.
There are risks to foreign investors in Chinese companies.
The Chinese government implements the management systems of pre-establishment national treatment and negative list for foreign investment. Pre-establishment national treatment refers to the treatment given to foreign investors and their investments during the investment access stage, which is not lower than that given to their domestic counterparts; negative list for foreign investment refers to special administrative measures for the restricted or prohibited access of foreign investment in specific fields as stipulated by the Chinese government.
Pursuant to the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment Access (2021 Edition), or the 2021 Edition Negative List for Foreign, issued by The Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (the “MOFCOM”) and the National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”) on December 27, 2021, which came into effect on January 1, 2022, our bitcoin mining business does not fall into the Negative List for Foreign. However, the 2021 Edition Negative List for Foreign indicates that “Fields not mentioned in the Negative List for Foreign Investment Access shall be subject to administration under the principle of consistency for domestic and foreign investments. The relevant provisions of the Negative List for Market Access shall apply to domestic and foreign investors on a unified basis.”
Also, based on the Negative List for Market Access (2022 Edition), “the Catalogue for Guidance on Industrial Restructuring shall be included in the Negative List for Market Access”; plus, according to the Decision of the State Council on Promulgating and Implementing the “Temporary Provisions on Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment,” valid from December. 2, 2005, “In principle, the ‘Guidance Catalogue for the Industrial Structure Adjustment “shall apply to various types of enterprises inside China.” “The industries of the eliminated category under the ‘Guidance Catalogue for the Industrial Structure Adjustment’ shall apply to the foreign investment enterprises.” and “Investments are prohibited from being contributed to projects under the eliminated category.” Additionally, the NDRC released on December 30, 2021 its No. 49 Decree, announcing that the Decision of the National Development and Reform Commission on Amending the Guiding Catalog for Industrial Restructuring (2019 Version) (the “Amended Catalog”). The Amended Catalog added ‘virtual currency mining activities’ to the eliminated category of ‘1. outdated production processing and equipment ‘under the original Catalog.” Therefore, foreign investment enterprises are prohibited from virtual currency activities and our bitcoin mining business are banned in China as well. There can be no assurance that our prior mining activities in China will not be subject to fines and penalties on a retroactive basis.
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We may be subject to penalties as a result of the Chinese government suspension of our former P2P lending business
The Company is currently engaged in the bitcoin mining business, but previously, before the involvement of any of the Company’s current officers, directors or employees, was primarily an online finance marketplace, or “peer-to-peer” lending company, in China that provided borrowers access to loans. On October 24, 2019, the Pudong Branch of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau (the “Bureau”) announced that it was conducting an investigation of Shanghai Dianniu Internet Finance Information Service Co. Ltd, which was a variable interest entity (VIE) of the Company, for suspected illegal collection of public deposits. The Bureau took criminal enforcement measures against 17 suspects in the case and detained at least six of those suspects. On March 24, 2020, the Bureau announced that it had transferred seven suspects to the procuratorates for criminal prosecution and took criminal action against 14 defendants and is searching for our former CEO as of the date of this prospectus. While the Company has not been subject to any enforcement actions or investigations, nine persons, including a former director of the Company, have been found guilty of fund-raising fraud or illegally collecting public deposits by the People’s Court of Shanghai Pudong New District, and were sentenced to imprisonment and the confiscations and return all the illegal gains, which may or may not include assets of the Company. The Company’s current management believes that its former Chief Financial Officer, as well as members of the VIE’s management, may have been the subject of these proceedings. No current member of our management or board and none of our current employees was involved with the Company at the time of the events described above. As of the date of this prospectus, the final outcome of the investigation has not been published, and the impact of any such outcome on the Company cannot be estimated or determined with any certainty.
We may be subject to fines and penalties for any noncompliance with or liabilities in our former business in China in a certain period from now on.
Pursuant to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Penalties (Revised in 2021), where an unlawful act conducted in China is not discovered within two years of its commission (the period shall be counted from the date on which the unlawful act is committed, or if the act is ongoing or continuous, from the date on which the act ends), the administrative penalty shall be exempted; and if it involves citizens’ life and health security or financial security, and causes harmful consequences, the above-mentioned period shall be extended to five years, except as otherwise prescribed by laws. We have not received any administrative penalty for our historical mining business as of the date of this prospectus. Nevertheless, uncertainties still exist since the administrative organs may impose administrative penalties on us in a certain period from now on for any noncompliance with or liabilities in our historical business in China, including, but not limited to, any noncompliance with or liabilities under Order No.31 and applicable environmental, health or safety regulations, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
As a result of the May 21, 2021 Financial Stability Development Committee of the State Council in China targeting virtual currency mining in China, we suspended all mining operations in China and terminated our business operations in June 2021. However, as described in the next risk factor, it was not until September 2021 that all digital asset transactions were banned. In October 2020, the Company commenced the migration of miners out of China and believes it was in compliance with Chinese law on bitcoin mining while operating in China. However, according to Foreign Investment Law of PRC and Order No. 31, foreign enterprises engaged in profit-making activities in China are required to apply to the provincial market regulatory administration, or the registration authorities, for registration upon the approval of the State Council and the competent agencies authorized by the State Council, or the approving authorities. Without the approval of the approving authorities and the registration approval of the registration authorities, foreign enterprises may not conduct any production and operation activities within the territory of China, and foreign enterprises engaging in profit-making activities without proper authority may be subject to penalties, such as warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal income or suspension of business for rectification on a case-by-case basis of the PRC authorities under the PRC laws.
Before we terminated our business operations in China, our business in China was not carried out through any Chinese subsidiaries. In China, we made profits from mining equipment stored in facilities directly leased by Bit Digital Hong Kong, deemed to be a foreign enterprise. Bit Digital Hong Kong did not provide cloud mining services or similar services to any third parties. Nevertheless, the Company may be subject to penalties such as warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal income, or suspension of business for rectification on a case-by-case basis of the PRC authorities under the PRC laws, for not registering to do business in China or having authorization for its bitcoin mining operations.
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The PRC government department does have the authority to issue licenses or approval in some industries directly to foreign companies, including Hong Kong companies, which has been provided in Order No. 31. A foreign company, including a Hong Kong company, is permitted to be engaged in production and operation within China in two ways--one is to obtain the license or approval, and the other is to establish a subsidiary in the territory of China, otherwise it may lead to a punishment of a warning, fine, confiscation of income and/or suspension of business for rectification and so on. Furthermore, although Hong Kong is one of the special administrative districts of the PRC, from the perspective of foreign investment supervision, Hong Kong companies are treated as foreign companies, and most of the laws and regulations related to the foreign investment also apply to Hong Kong companies. Considering that Bit Digital Hong Kong Limited (the “BT HK”) had already been engaged in bitcoin mining activities in the territory of China, and that BT HK had not obtained business licenses in relevant provinces, it would be much more difficult for Bit Digital Hong Kong to obtain licenses directly than to establish a subsidiary in PRC. From the perspective of compliance, the Company decided to initiate the process of forming a subsidiary to undertake operational activities in PRC. However, in view of the more recent ban on all new digital asset operations in China, we terminated the process of forming a subsidiary in mainland, China. Since BT HK had not obtained business licenses in relevant provinces where Bit Digital Hong Kong used to carry out business, it may lead to a punishment of a warning, fine, confiscation of income and/or suspension of business for rectification.
It is now illegal in China to engage in digital asset transactions, including bitcoin mining operations, which may adversely affect us.
China has taken significant regulatory action to ban digital asset mining operations and to severely restrict the right to acquire, own, hold, sell or use of bitcoin assets or to exchange them for fiat currency. Such restrictions may adversely affect us as the large-scale use of digital assets as a means of exchange is presently confined to certain regions globally. Ongoing and future regulatory actions in China may impact our ability to pursue part of our business strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations.
On May 21, 2021, the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council in China proposed to “crack down on bitcoin mining and trading.” However, it was not until September 24, 2021, as described below, that all digital asset transactions were banned in China. In the interim, we incurred significant costs in connection with the migration of our miners out of China and the time that our miners were not being operated. In May 2021, local governments began to issue corresponding measures in succession to respond to the central government, including Xinjiang Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Development and Reform Commission, where we previously had mining operations, issuing a notice on the immediate shutdown of enterprises engaged in digital asset mining on June 9, 2021. At the time of the announcement of the ban in Xinjiang, we had no mining operations in Xinjiang. On June 18, 2021, Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission and Sichuan Energy Bureau issued a notice on the shutdown of digital asset mining projects with a deadline of June 25, 2021. Accordingly, we ceased all of our remaining operations in PRC on June 21, 2021. On September 24, 2021, the newly issued Notification of Overhauling the Mining Activity of Cryptocurrency (or the Notification No. 1283) banned all new digital asset operations in China. The NDRC notice set forth penalties on a going forward basis for all of the PRC. While we do not believe Sichuan Province will seek to impose retroactive fines, penalties or sanctions, there can be no assurance the province may not seek to do so.
In consideration of the PRC government’s policies and general attitude toward our industry, as well as our business plans, we will not conduct any digital asset mining operations or digital asset trading operations in mainland PRC. All of our miners have been migrated out of the PRC as of September 30, 2021 and are expected to be fully operational in the U.S. during the second half of 2022. We have not had difficulties transferring the bitcoin mining equipment from our Hong Kong subsidiaries to our other subsidiaries, nor have we had difficulties in transferring cash to or from our Hong Kong subsidiaries. However, this could change in the event that our Hong Kong subsidiaries become subject to the direct oversight of the PRC government if the National laws of mainland China are applied in Hong Kong. All of our bitcoin mining equipment has been transferred from our Hong Kong subsidiaries to North America. See Risk Factor — “We may be subject to fines and penalties for any noncompliance with or liabilities in our former business in China in a certain period from now on” above, and “Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations” below.
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Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Although we have completed the migration of miners to the United States and/or Canada, our bitcoin mining business is worldwide. We expect to continue to purchase bitcoin miners from manufacturers, and/or other sellers located in Hong Kong. Accordingly, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China are still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, and since 2012, and in particular in 2020 as a result of COVID-19, China’s economic growth slowed down. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy may reduce the demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.
The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, and prior court decisions have limited precedential value. Since the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. The risks arising from the legal system in China include risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little, if any, advance notice; and there is a risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities. Any risks that any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
China is one of the jurisdictions to implement strict foreign exchange control. The free flow of bitcoin presents novel issues in the context of Chinese foreign exchange control. In some public speeches, officials of the Chinese State Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”) have expressed concerns about the challenges of digital asset to foreign exchange control. In the event regulators believe that the circulation of bitcoin has a significant adverse impact on financial security, they may restrict the trading of bitcoin, as they have done with bitcoin mining, in its jurisdiction.
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From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive effect. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
In addition to the unified policies at the national level, the attitudes of the Chinese local or provincial governments towards mining enterprises have also changed from time to time. In recent years, local governments in Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Xinjiang have taken action to inspect and clean up mining enterprises in their jurisdictions. These actions contributed to our decision to commence migration of miners out of China in October 2020.
We may be subject to recently announced measures from the Cyberspace Administration of China concerning the collection of data and required to obtain clearance from the CAC.
The Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021) (the “Measures”) were officially released to the public on December 28, 2021 and became effective on February 15, 2022. According to the Measures, to go public abroad, an online platform operator that possesses the personal information of more than 1 million users must seek cybersecurity review from the Office of Cybersecurity Review.
Currently, we have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC or related governmental regulatory authorities, and we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanction in such respect.
We believe we currently are not required to obtain clearance from the CAC regarding our listing in the United States under the recently-enacted or proposed regulations or rules because we have never set an online platform for any user and we have not acted as an online platform operator. However, since these cybersecurity rules were recently enacted and uncertainties exist as to the interpretation or implementation of the Measures, if the Measures require us to obtain clearance or permissions from the CAC, we would file an application with CAC and seek to obtain the clearance or permissions from the CAC as required, however there can be no assurance we will obtain clearance or permission which could adversely affect our business. Compliance with the Measures, as well as additional laws, regulations and guidelines that the Chinese government promulgates in the future, may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.
The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
The M&A Rules discussed under “Business-Regulation” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, and certain other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions establish additional procedures and requirements in PRC that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the MOFCOM shall be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, the security review rules issued by the MOFCOM that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. Also, according to the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, “Where a foreign investor acquires any domestic enterprise in China or participates in the concentration of undertakings by other means, it shall be subject to the review of concentration of undertakings according to the provisions of the Anti-monopoly Law of the PRC.” Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions (to the extent relevant) could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the MOFCOM or its local counterparts, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
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PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC law.
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, in July 2014, that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is issued to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75. SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which took effect on June 1, 2015. This notice has amended SAFE Circular 37 requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.
Failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.
Some of our shareholders, who directly or indirectly hold shares in our Company and who were known to us as being PRC residents, have completed the foreign exchange registrations required in connection with our recent corporate restructuring.
However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or entities have complied with and will in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly-Listed Company, replacing earlier rules. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted options or other awards are subject to these regulations because our company is an overseas listed company. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions.
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If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, (partly amended) which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. See “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation.” However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” Since a portion of our management members are not based in China, it remains unclear how the tax residency rule will apply to our case. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then we or such subsidiary could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on its world-wide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of our Ordinary Shares may be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our Ordinary Shares.
United States regulators may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in Hong Kong.
The increased regulatory scrutiny of U.S.-listed companies with operations in China could add uncertainties to our business operations, share price and reputation. Although the audit reports of Audit Alliance LLP incorporated by reference into this prospectus are prepared by our auditors in Singapore who are subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Overnight Board (the “PCAOB”), there is no guarantee that future audit reports will be prepared by auditors that are completely inspected by the PCAOB, and, as such, future investors may be deprived of the benefit of such complete inspections, which could result in limitations or restrictions on our ability to access the U.S. capital markets. Furthermore, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) or the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as Nasdaq or the over-the-counter market, may determine to delist our securities.
U.S. public companies that have or had a substantial portion of their operations in China have been the subject of heightened scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate government policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud.
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As part of increased regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit information, the United States enacted the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, in December 2020. The HFCA Act includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit reports are prepared by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S. authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction. The HFCA Act also requires public companies on this SEC list to certify that they are not owned or controlled by a foreign government and make certain additional disclosures in their SEC filings. In addition, under the HFCA Act, if the auditor of a U.S. listed company’s financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspections for three consecutive “non-inspection” years after the law becomes effective, the SEC is required to prohibit the securities of such issuer from being traded on a U.S. national securities exchange, such as the NYSE and Nasdaq, or in the U.S. over-the-counter markets. On March 24, 2021, the SEC announced that it had adopted interim final amendments to implement the foregoing certification and disclosure requirements and that it was seeking public comment on the issuer identification process as well as the submission and disclosure requirements. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the HFCA Act that require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. national securities exchange and on the over-the-counter market if the auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for three consecutive years. Accordingly, our securities may be prohibited from trading on Nasdaq or other U.S. stock exchange if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our Ordinary Shares being delisted.
On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which if enacted into law, would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on U.S. stock exchanges if its auditors are not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive “non-inspection” years instead of three. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCA Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCA Act, whether the Board is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued PCAOB Rule 6100 Board Determinations Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. The PCAOB notified the SEC that it was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong because of the positions taken by authorities in mainland China and Hong Kong. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced the signing of a Statement of Protocol with the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC granting the PCAOB complete access to audit PCAOB-registered accounting firms in China. While the audit reports of Audit Alliance LLP incorporated by reference into this prospectus are prepared by auditors based in Singapore who are subject to inspection and investigation by the PCAOB, there can be no assurance that our auditor or we will be able to comply with these and other requirements imposed by U.S. regulators in the future. The market prices of our Ordinary Shares and/or other securities could be adversely affected as a result of possible negative impacts of the HFCA Act and other similar rules and regulations.
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Our Hong Kong subsidiaries could become subject to the direct oversight of the PRC government at any time if the national laws of mainland China are applied to Hong Kong.
The national laws of the PRC, including, but not limited to (i) the Cybersecurity Review Measures that became effective on February 15, 2022; and (ii) approval by the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) or any other Chinese regulatory authority to approve or permit our offering of securities in the U.S., do not currently apply to our Hong Kong subsidiaries, except for those listed in the Basic Law of Hong Kong. However, due to the uncertainty of the PRC legal system and changes in laws, regulations or policies, including how those laws, regulations or policies would be interpreted or implemented, and the national laws applicable in Hong Kong, the Basic Law might be revised in the future and our Hong Kong subsidiaries may be subject to future oversight by the PRC government.
Pursuant to Article 18 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC (the “Basic Law”), “The laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the Basic Law, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong as provided for in Article 8 of this Law, and the laws enacted by the legislature of the Region. National laws shall not be applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region except for those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law. The laws listed therein shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislation by the Region. Also, regarding the Annex III and several Instruments of the Basic Law, National Laws, which have applied in Hong Kong until now are as following:
Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem and National Flag of the PRC; Resolution on the National Day of the PRC; Declaration of the Government of the PRC on the Territorial Sea; Nationality Law of the PRC; Regulations of the PRC Concerning Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities; Law of the PRC on the National Flag; Regulations of the PRC Concerning Consular Privileges and Immunities; Law of the PRC on the National Emblem; Law of the PRC on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone; Law of the PRC on Garrisoning the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Law of the PRC on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf; Law of the PRC on Judicial Immunity from Compulsory Measures Concerning the Property of Foreign Central Banks; and Law of the PRC on the National Anthem; Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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The CSRC released, on December 24, 2021, the Provisions of the State Council on the Administration of Domestic Companies Offering Securities for Overseas Listing (Revision Draft for Comments) (the “Provisions”) and the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Domestic Companies Seeking Overseas Securities Offering and Listing (the “Measures”) for public comment. According to the Provisions and Measures, “Domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the securities regulatory agency under the State Council and report relevant information;” and “An overseas offering and listing is prohibited under any of the following circumstances: (1) if the intended securities offering and listing falls under specific clauses in national laws and regulations and relevant provisions prohibiting such financing activities.” Furthermore, the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021) were officially released to the public on December 28, 2021 and became effective on February 15, 2022. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021), “To go public abroad, an online platform operator who possesses the personal information of more than 1 million users shall declare to the Office of Cybersecurity Review for cybersecurity review.”
As of the date of this prospectus, the Hong Kong subsidiaries have not established any subsidiary or branch in mainland PRC and are not conducting any business operations in mainland PRC.
Based on the aforementioned Basic Law, the Hong Kong subsidiaries are not currently subject to the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021) and the Provisions and the Measures. However, due to the uncertainty of the PRC legal system and changes in laws, regulations or policies, including how these laws, regulations or policies would be interpreted or implemented, the national laws applicable in Hong Kong in the Basic Law might be revised in the future.
Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will not be affected by the foregoing or relevant laws, regulations or policies in the future, if there are any changes to the foregoing laws, regulations and policies, or if any new laws, regulations, and policies are published. We could not guarantee that the relevant laws, regulations, or policies would not be applied retroactively, so we might face penalties, and our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected
Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on the indirect transfer of equity in the past and potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.
The PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of certain taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by a non-resident enterprise by promulgating and implementing SAT Circular 59 and Circular 698, which became effective in January 2008, and a Circular 7 to replace some of the existing rules in Circular 698, which became effective in February 2015.
Under Circular 7, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the equity interests of a PRC “resident enterprise” indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax if the indirect transfer is considered to be an abusive use of company structure without reasonable commercial purposes. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of up to 10%.
On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Nonresident Enterprise Income Tax at Source partly revised, or SAT Circular 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. The SAT Circular 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax. SAT Circular 698 was repealed from the date SAT Circular 37 was enacted.
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Where a non-resident enterprise transfers taxable assets in China indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is an Indirect Transfer, the non-resident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity whose equity is transferred, may report such Indirect Transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes. We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. Our Company may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if our company is transferor in such transactions and may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under Circular 7 and/or SAT Circular 37. For transfer of shares in our Company by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our former PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under SAT Circular 7 and/or Circular 37. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Circular 7 and/or Circular 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our Company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Historically, a portion of our revenues and expenditures have been denominated in RMB, whereas our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB have affected the relative purchasing power in RMB terms of our U.S. dollar assets. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities that are receivable or payable in RMB are included in our historical consolidated statements of operations. Periodic remeasurements have caused the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations to vary with exchange rate fluctuations, and the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations may continue to vary with exchange rate fluctuations. A fluctuation in the value of RMB relative to the U.S. dollar could reduce our profits from operations and the translated value of our net assets when reported in U.S. dollars in our financial statements. This could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations as reported in U.S. dollars. If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our Ordinary Shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the periods in which the earnings are generated may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.
There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a flexible currency policy. Any significant appreciation or depreciation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our Ordinary Shares in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into RMB to pay our operating expenses, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a significant depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited, and we may not be able to hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations adequately or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
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General Risks
We have a history of operating losses, and we may not be able to sustain profitability; we have recently shifted our bitcoin mining business, and we may not be continuously successful in this business.
We recently experienced profitability from our continuing bitcoin mining operations. However, as a result of the decline in value of bitcoin and the corresponding decline in revenue from digital assets mining, we recognized a net loss of $18,124,732 for the three (3) months ended June 30, 2022. We may continue incurring losses, as we continue to work to grow our bitcoin mining business. Prior to the commencement of the Company’s bitcoin mining business, and before the involvement of any of the Company’s current directors, officers or employees, Golden Bull Limited was previously engaged in a peer to peer (“P2P”) online lending business in China. Starting on or about November 2019, we made a decision to diversify into the bitcoin mining business, as well as the car rental business in the United States, which plans concerning the car rental business were suspended as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. In September 2020, we disposed of our P2P and Chinese car rental business and decided to focus primarily on our bitcoin mining business. Currently, our operations are focused on our bitcoin mining business located at our bitcoin mining facilities in the United States and Canada. Our current business, including our growth strategy for our business, involves an industry that is itself new and evolving and is subject risks, many of which are discussed below. Even though we are currently operating profitability, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. See “Bitcoin Related Risks” below.
Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
Our results of operations, including the levels of our net revenues, expenses, net loss and other key metrics, may vary significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control, and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful, especially given our limited bitcoin mining operating history. In May 2021 when the Chinese government targeted virtual currency mining and put pressure on Chinese banks and payment companies to restrict digital asset transactions and otherwise signaled that China intended to further limit digital asset mining within the country, we suspended operations in China and continued to migrate all of our remaining miners in China to North America. We terminated all bitcoin mining operations in China in June 2021. Our results of operations for the second and third quarters of 2021 have been adversely affected by the material decrease in bitcoins mined during those periods, including, in part, due to the need to migrate and replace a portion of our miners. We have migrated all miners to the United States by the end of October 2021, and expect to have them and any newly purchased miners operational during the second quarter of 2022. However, there can be no assurance we will achieve the level of profitability we experienced in late 2020 or the first quarter of 2021.
The results for any one quarter are not necessarily an indication of future performance. Fluctuations in quarterly results may adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our annual financial results include:
| ● | the amount and timing of operating expenses related to our new business operations and infrastructure; | |
| ● | fluctuations in the price of bitcoin; and | |
| ● | general economic, industry and market conditions. |
Pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement dated September 8, 2020, the Company sold Point Cattle Holdings Limited, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, together with its subsidiaries and VIEs to an unaffiliated third party, and, following the disposition, the operations of its peer-to-peer lending business were classified as discontinued operations. Since on or before September 8, 2020, the spun-off subsidiaries and VIEs engaging in peer-to-peer lending business have no current or ongoing relationship with the Company. See Item 4 - “Information of the Company - Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021.
We have not received any administrative penalty for our historical peer-to-peer lending business as of the date of this prospectus. Nevertheless, uncertainties still exist since the PRC law system also contains government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive effect. According to the newly-issued Regulations on the Prevention and Treatment of Illegal Fundraising, which came into force on May 1, 2021, no one shall benefit from illegal fund-raising. Even if there is no criminal offense, the PRC governmental authorities or regulators have the right to seal up, freeze and/or seize the related assets, and the PRC governmental authority also could mandatorily request the person/entity who commits illegal fund-raising or who assists the illegal fund-raising which could involve the Company, to return or sell related assets which could be those of the Company, at the current price to recover the funds that were illegally raised. In addition, although the Company is not responsible for any potential claims by customers with losses, the filing of any such claims and/or government investigations or proceedings against the Company or any of its affiliates, even if not justified, may create negative publicity and have a material adverse effect on the Company. If such situations occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected even though we disposed of our former VIE entities that were involved in the P2P lending business.
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We may acquire other businesses, form joint ventures or acquire other companies or businesses that could negatively affect our operating results, dilute our shareholders’ ownership, increase our debt or cause us to incur significant expense; notwithstanding the foregoing, our growth may depend on our success in uncovering and completing such transactions.
Having recently exited China, we are seeking to enter bitcoin mining related business around the globe. However, we cannot offer any assurance that acquisitions of businesses, assets and/or entering into strategic alliances or joint ventures will be successful. We may not be able to find suitable partners or acquisition candidates and may not be able to complete such transactions on favorable terms, if at all. If we make any acquisitions, we may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing infrastructure. In addition, in the event we acquire any existing businesses we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities.
Any future acquisitions also could result in the issuance of stock, incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or future write-offs of intangible assets or goodwill, any of which could have a negative impact on our cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. Integration of an acquired company may also disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that otherwise would be focused on developing and expanding our existing business. We may experience losses related to potential investments in other companies, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations. Further, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, strategic alliance or joint venture if such investments do not materialize.
To finance any acquisitions or joint ventures, we may choose to issue Ordinary Shares, preferred shares or a combination of debt and equity as consideration, which could significantly dilute the ownership of our existing shareholders or provide rights to such preferred shareholders in priority over our Ordinary Shareholders. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If the price of our Ordinary Shares is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire other companies or fund a joint venture project using stock as consideration.
From time to time we may evaluate and potentially consummate strategic investments or acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
We may evaluate and consider strategic investments, combinations, acquisitions or alliances in the bitcoin mining or other businesses. These transactions could be material to our financial condition and results of operations if consummated. If we are able to identify an appropriate business opportunity, we may not be able to successfully consummate the transaction and, even if we do consummate such a transaction, we may be unable to obtain the benefits or avoid the difficulties and risks of such transaction.
Strategic investments or acquisitions will involve risks commonly encountered in business relationships, including:
| ● | difficulties in assimilating and integrating the operations, personnel, systems, data, technologies, products and services of the acquired business; | |
| ● | inability of the acquired technologies, products or businesses to achieve expected levels of revenue, profitability, productivity or other benefits; | |
| ● | difficulties in retaining, training, motivating and integrating key personnel; | |
| ● | diversion of management’s time and resources from our normal daily operations; |
| ● | difficulties in successfully incorporating licensed or acquired technology and rights into our businesses; | |
| ● | difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies within the combined organizations; | |
| ● | difficulties in retaining relationships with customers, employees and suppliers of the acquired business; | |
| ● | risks of entering markets, in parts of the U.S., in which we have limited or no prior experience; | |
| ● | regulatory risks, including remaining in good standing with existing regulatory bodies or receiving any necessary pre-closing or post-closing approvals, as well as being subject to new regulators with oversight over an acquired business; assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to us, require us to license or waive intellectual property rights or increase our risk for liability; | |
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| ● | failure to successfully further develop the acquired technology; | |
| ● | liability for activities of the acquired business before the acquisition, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities; | |
| ● | potential disruptions to our ongoing businesses; and | |
| ● | unexpected costs and unknown risks and liabilities associated with strategic investments or acquisitions. |
We may not make any investments or acquisitions, or any future investments or acquisitions may not be successful, may not benefit our business strategy, may not generate sufficient revenues to offset the associated acquisition costs or may not otherwise result in the intended benefits. In addition, we cannot assure you that any future investment in or acquisition of new businesses or technology will achieve market acceptance or prove to be profitable.
The loss of any member of our management team, our inability to execute an effective succession plan, or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could adversely affect our business.
Our success and future growth will depend to a significant degree on the skills and services of our management team, including Mr. Bryan Bullett, our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Erke Huang, our Chief Financial Officer, and Mr. Sam Tabar, our Chief Strategy Officer. We will need to continue to grow our management in order to alleviate pressure on our existing team and in order to continue to develop our business. If our management team, including any new hires that we may make, fails to work together effectively and to execute our plans and strategies on a timely basis, our business could be harmed. Furthermore, if we fail to execute an effective contingency or succession plan with the loss of any member of management, the loss of such management personnel may significantly disrupt our business.
The loss of key members of management could inhibit our growth prospects. Our future success also depends in large part on our ability to attract, retain and motivate key management and operating personnel. As we continue to develop and expand our operations, we may require personnel with different skills and experiences, and who have a sound understanding of our business and the bitcoin industry. The market for highly qualified personnel in this industry is very competitive, and we may be unable to attract or retain such personnel. If we are unable to attract or retain such personnel, our business could be harmed.
We incur significant costs and demands upon management and accounting and finance resources as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies; if we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements and otherwise make timely and accurate public disclosure could be impaired, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and our reputation.
As a public reporting company, we are required to, among other things, maintain a system of effective internal control over financial reporting. Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently. Substantial work will continue to be required to further implement, document, assess, test and remediate our system of internal controls. As of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective and management determined that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting due to certain significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. Management is undertaking actions to remediate the material weaknesses, but there is no assurance they will be remediated this year. See Item 15 – “Controls and Procedures” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021.
If our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls are not effective, we may be unable to issue our financial statements in a timely manner, we may be unable to obtain the required audit or review of our financial statements by our independent registered public accounting firm in a timely manner or we may be otherwise unable to comply with the periodic reporting requirements of the SEC, our Ordinary Shares listing on Nasdaq could be suspended or terminated and our share price could materially suffer. In addition, we or members of our management could be subject to investigation and sanction by the SEC and other regulatory authorities and to shareholder lawsuits, which could impose significant additional costs on us and divert management attention.
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The coronavirus pandemic is a serious threat to health and economic wellbeing affecting our employees, investors and our sources of supply, which could significantly disrupt our operations and financial results.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that novel Coronavirus COVID-19 infections had become pandemic, and, on March 13, 2020, the U.S. President declared a national emergency relating to the virus. There has been and continues to be widespread infection in the United States with a second wave now appearing in China and elsewhere, with the potential for catastrophic impact. Mandatory business closures have had catastrophic impacts on worldwide economies of uncertain duration.
We believe that our results of operations, business and financial condition has continuously been adversely impacted by the effects of COVID-19. In addition to global macroeconomic effects, the COVID-19 outbreak and any other related adverse public health developments may cause disruption to our mining activities. If an outbreak occurs near our mining facilities, we may experience disruptions to our business operations resulting from quarantines, self-isolations, or other movement and restrictions on the ability of our mining consultants to perform their jobs. If we are unable to effectively service our miners, our ability to mine bitcoin will be adversely affected as miners go offline, which would have an adverse effect on our business and the results of our operations. COVID-19 or other disease outbreak has in the short-term, and may over the longer term, adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that may adversely affect demand for bitcoin and impact our operating results. Although the magnitude of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business and operations remains uncertain, the continued global spread of COVID-19 or the occurrence of other epidemics and the imposition of related public health measures and travel and business restrictions will adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In addition, we have experienced and will experience disruptions to our business operations resulting from quarantines, self-isolations, or other movement and restrictions on the ability of our employees to perform their jobs. If we are unable to effectively service our miners, our ability to mine bitcoin will be adversely affected as miners go offline, which would have an adverse effect on our business and the results of our operations.
Our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, sub-contractors and customers have been and will continue to be disrupted by worker absenteeism, quarantines, restrictions on employees’ ability to work, office and factory closures, disruptions to ports and other shipping infrastructure, border closures, or other travel or health-related restrictions. Depending on the magnitude of such effects on our supply chain, shipments of parts for our existing miners, which are second-hand, as well as any new miners we purchase, may be delayed. As our miners require repair or become obsolete and require replacement, our ability to obtain adequate replacements or repair parts from their manufacturer may therefore be hampered. Supply chain disruptions could therefore negatively impact our operations. If not resolved quickly, the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination programs remains to be verified worldwide, including against variants of the virus. The sweeping nature of the COVID-19 pandemic makes it extremely difficult to predict how the company’s business and operations will be affected in the longer run. So far, the likely overall economic impact of the pandemic is widely viewed as highly negative to the global economy.
If we cannot maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, collaboration and focus that contribute to our business.
We believe that a critical component of our success is our corporate culture, which we believe fosters innovation, encourages teamwork and cultivates creativity. As we develop the infrastructure of a public company and continue to grow, we may find it difficult to maintain these valuable aspects of our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively impact our future success, including our ability to attract and retain employees, encourage innovation and teamwork and effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives.
We do not have any business interruption or disruption insurance coverage.
Currently, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations, other than director’s and officer’s liability insurance. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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If we are unable to successfully continue our bitcoin mining business plan, it would affect our financial and business condition and results of operations.
In October 2019, we decided to enter the bitcoin mining business. There are various risks related to these efforts, including the risk that these efforts may not provide the expected benefits in our anticipated time frame, if at all, and may prove costlier than expected; and the risk of adverse effects to our business, results of operations and liquidity if past and future undertakings, and the associated changes to our business, do not prove to be cost effective or do not result in the cost savings and other benefits at the levels that we anticipate. Our intentions and expectations with regard to the execution of our business plan, and the timing of any related initiatives, are subject to change at any time based on management’s subjective evaluation of our overall business needs. If we are unable to successfully execute our business plan, whether due to failure to realize the anticipated benefits from our business initiatives in the anticipated time frame or otherwise, we may be unable to achieve our financial targets.
Failure to manage our liquidity and cash flows may materially and adversely affect our financial conditions and results of operations. As a result, we may need additional capital, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we raised gross proceeds aggregating $5.2 million in cash and $14.6 million in U.S. digital coin in certain private placements, which enabled us to implement our new business strategy. Since May 20, 2021, we drew down an aggregate of $36,000,000 under the Purchase Agreement and raised $80,000,000 of gross proceeds in our September 2021 private placement. We incurred net losses of approximately $1.9 million and $9.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We reported net income of approximately $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. We had negative cash flows from our operating activities of approximately $23.3 million, $3.4 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Negative cash flow during fiscal 2021 resulted, in part, from $13,114.000 of depreciation of property and equipment and $20,461,000 of share-based compensation related to restricted stock units. We cannot assure you our business model will allow us to continue to generate positive cash, given our substantial expenses in relation to our revenue at this stage of our Company’s development. Our inability to offset our expenses with adequate revenue, will adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Although we have adequate cash on hand from our September 2021 private placement and anticipated cash flows from operating activities are expected to be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months, we cannot assure you that will be the case. We expect to need additional cash resources in the future as we wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions in order to implement our business plan. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Bitcoin-Related Risks
Our results of operations are expected to be impacted by significant fluctuation of Bitcoin price
The price of Bitcoin has experienced significant fluctuations over its relatively short existence and may continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. Bitcoin prices ranged from approximately US$3,792 per coin as of December 31, 2018; US$7,220 per coin as of December 31, 2019; US$28,922 per coin as of December 31, 2020; to US$34,755 per coin as of June 30, 2021 and a high of US$47,215.69 as of March 30, 2022; and $18,923.32 as of September 7, 2022, according to CoinMarketCap.
We expect our results of operations to continue to be affected by the bitcoin price as most of our revenue has been from bitcoin mining production. The price for bitcoin decreased substantially during the second quarter of 2022, reducing industrywide margins and forcing difficult decisions around the industry. During the three (3) months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized a net loss of $18,124,732, comprised of $13,639,386 impairment of digital assets as a result of the decline in value of digital assets and the decline in revenue from digital asset mining of seventy-six (76%) percent from $28,342,694 to $6,815,000. Any future significant reductions in the price of bitcoin will likely have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We cannot assure you that the bitcoin price will remain high enough to sustain our operation or that the bitcoin price will not decline significantly in the future. Furthermore, fluctuations in the bitcoin price can have an immediate impact on the trading price of our Ordinary Shares even before our financial performance is affected, if at all.
Various factors, mostly beyond our control, could impact the bitcoin price. For example, the usage of bitcoins in the retail and commercial marketplace is relatively low in comparison with the usage for speculation, which contributes to Bitcoin’s price volatility. Additionally, the reward for bitcoin mining will decline over time, with the most recent halving event occurred in May 2020 and next one to occur four years later, which may further contribute to Bitcoin price volatility.
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Our future success will depend in large part upon the value of bitcoin; the value of bitcoin may be subject to pricing risk and has historically been subject to wide swings.
Our operating results depend in large part upon the value of bitcoin as it had been the sole digital asset we currently mine. Specifically, our revenues from our bitcoin mining operations are principally based upon two factors: (1) the number of bitcoin rewards we successfully mine and (2) the value of bitcoin. We also receive transaction fees paid in bitcoin by participants who initiated transactions associated with new blocks that we mine. In addition, our operating results are directly impacted by changes in the value of bitcoin, because under the value measurement model, both realized and unrealized changes are reflected in our statement of operations (i.e., we will be marking bitcoin to fair value each quarter). This means that our operating results are subject to swings based upon increases or decreases in the value of bitcoin. Furthermore, our strategy has focused primarily on bitcoin (as opposed to other digital assets). Further, our current application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) machines (which we refer to as “miners”) are principally utilized for mining bitcoin and bitcoin cash and cannot mine other digital assets, such as ETH, that are not mined utilizing the “SHA-256 algorithm.” If other digital assets were to achieve acceptance at the expense of bitcoin or bitcoin cash (a variant form of bitcoin created in 2017 by a hard fork of the bitcoin blockchain) causing the value of bitcoin or bitcoin cash to decline, or if bitcoin were to switch its proof of work algorithm from SHA-256 to another algorithm for which our miners are not specialized, or the value of bitcoin or bitcoin cash were to decline for other reasons, particularly if such decline were significant or over an extended period of time, our operating results would be adversely affected, and there could be a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations, and harm investors.
Bitcoin and other bitcoin market prices, which have historically been volatile and are impacted by a variety of factors (including those discussed below), are determined primarily using data from various exchanges, over-the-counter markets and derivative platforms. Furthermore, such prices may be subject to factors such as those that impact commodities, more so than business activities, which could be subjected to additional influence from fraudulent or illegitimate actors, real or perceived scarcity, and political, economic, regulatory or other conditions. Pricing may be the result of, and may continue to result in, speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of digital assets, or our share price, inflating and making their market prices more volatile or creating “bubble” type risks for both bitcoin and our Ordinary Shares.
The impact of government responses to miner activity is uncertain.
Because of environmental-impact concerns related to the potential high demand for electricity to support digital asset mining activity, political concerns, and for other reasons, we may be required to cease mining operations in certain locations in the world without much or any prior notice by a national or local government’s formal or informal requirement or because of the anticipation of an impending requirement. For example, the Chinese government has required the mining of digital assets to be discontinued on very short notice. We were already in the process of migrating our bitcoin mining assets out of China to North America; however, in light of the Chinese government’s actions, we had to accelerate our migration efforts, which has had a material adverse effect on our operations in 2021.
Such government action had a negative impact not only on the value of existing miners owned by us but also on our ability to dispose of obsolete miners and to purchase new miners and the prices to acquire the same. Such government action also had a significant impact on the price of bitcoin, including an increase in the volatility of the price (both up and down) of bitcoin and the price and value of miners owned by us (both up and down). These events had a negative impact on our earnings for the second quarter of 2021.
Our discontinuance of mining operations in China in response to such government action caused us to migrate miners to North America. This process resulted in costs associated with the refurbishment and transfer to be incurred by us, as well as the transferred miners being off-line and not able to mine digital assets for some time. This has had an adverse impact on our earnings for the second and third quarters of 2021.
Our mining operating costs outpace our mining revenues, which could seriously harm our business or increase our losses.
Our mining operations are costly, and our expenses may increase in the future. We intend to use funds on hand and from shares sold under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part to continue to purchase bitcoin mining machines. This expense increase may not be offset by a corresponding increase in revenue. Our expenses may be greater than we anticipate, and our investments to make our business more efficient may not succeed and may outpace monetization efforts. Increases in our costs without a corresponding increase in our revenue would increase our losses and could seriously harm our business and financial performance.
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We have an evolving business model which is subject to various uncertainties.
As bitcoin assets may become more widely available, we expect the services and products associated with them to evolve. In order to stay current with the industry, our business model may need to evolve as well. From time to time, we may modify aspects of our business model relating to our strategy. We cannot offer any assurance that these or any other modifications will be successful or will not result in harm to our business. We may not be able to manage growth effectively, which could damage our reputation, limit our growth and negatively affect our operating results. Further, we cannot provide any assurance that we will successfully identify all emerging trends and growth opportunities in this business sector, and we may lose out on those opportunities. Such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations.
The properties included in our mining network may experience damage, including damage that is not covered by insurance.
Our current operations in the states of Texas, Nebraska, New York and Georgia in the United States and Canada are, and any future mining sites we may establish will be, subject to a variety of risks relating to physical condition and operation, including, but not limited to:
| ● | the presence of construction or repair defects or other structural or building damage; |
| ● | any noncompliance with or liabilities under applicable environmental, health or safety regulations or requirements or building permit requirements; |
| ● | any damage resulting from natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, floods and windstorms; and |
| ● | claims by employees and others for injuries sustained at our properties. |
For example, our mines could be rendered inoperable, temporarily or permanently, as a result of a fire or other natural disaster, the coronavirus or another pandemic, or by a terrorist or other attack. The security and other measures we take to protect against these risks may not be sufficient. Additionally, our mines could be materially adversely affected by a power outage or loss of access to the electrical grid or loss by the grid of cost-effective sources of electrical power generating capacity. Given the power requirements of our mines, it would not be feasible to run miners on back-up power generators in the event of a power outage. We do not have any insurance to cover the replacement cost of any lost or damaged miners, or any interruption of our mining activities. In the event of an uninsured loss, such mines may not be adequately repaired in a timely manner or at all, and we may lose some or all of the future revenues anticipated to be derived from such mines.
If, pursuant to our hosting service contracts (the “Hosting Agreements”) with hosting service providers, hosting service providers cannot or will not supply sufficient electric power for us to operate our miners, we may be required to relocate some or all of our miners to an alternative facility, which may have a less advantageous cost structure and our business and results of operations may suffer as a result.
We have made a significant capital investment in purchasing second-hand miners in order to implement them rapidly to mine bitcoin at prices advantageous to us. Management believes, based on its knowledge of the industry, that the Hosting Agreements provide many advantages as opposed to other alternative arrangements. If we are required to deploy or move our miners from the current hosting service providers to other mining facilities, we may be forced to accept less advantageous terms. Further, during relocation to a new mining facility, we will not be able to operate our miners and therefore we will not be able to generate revenue.
If we are unable to secure sufficient power supply from the current hosting service providers, or if the current hosting service providers are unable to supply sufficient electric power, we may be forced to seek out alternative mining facilities. Should this occur, our operations may be disrupted, which may have a material adverse effect on our operations.
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If our Hosting Agreements with the current hosting service providers in the U.S. and Canada are terminated, we may be forced to seek a replacement facility to operate our miners on acceptable terms; should this occur, our operations may be disrupted, which may have a material adverse effect on our operations.
If we are forced to relocate to a new mining facility, we may not be successful in identifying adequate replacement facilities to house our miners. Even if we do identify such facilities, we may not be able to secure use of those facilities at rates that are economically viable to support our mining activities. Relocating our miners, as we did to migrate from China, will require us to incur costs to transition to a new facility including, but not limited to, transportation expenses and insurance, downtime while we are unable to mine, legal fees to negotiate the new lease, de-installation at our current facility and, ultimately, installation at any new facility we identify. These costs may be substantial, and we cannot guarantee that we will be successful in transitioning our miners to a new facility. If we are required to move our miners, our business may suffer, and our results of operations would be expected to be materially adversely affected.
The development and acceptance of cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of and transactions in digital assets is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate.
The use of digital assets to, among other things, buy and sell goods and services and complete transactions, is part of a new and rapidly evolving industry that employs bitcoin assets based upon a computer-generated mathematical and/or cryptographic protocol. Large-scale acceptance of digital assets as a means of payment has not, and may never, occur. The growth of this industry in general, and the use of bitcoin, in particular, is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and the slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of developing protocols may occur unpredictably. The factors include, but are not limited to:
| ● | continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of digital assets as a medium to exchange; | |
| ● | governmental and quasi-governmental regulation of digital assets and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of the network or similar bitcoin systems; | |
| ● | changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences; | |
| ● | the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the network; | |
| ● | the increased consolidation of contributors to the bitcoin blockchain through mining pools; | |
| ● | the availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies; | |
| ● | the use of the networks supporting digital assets for developing smart contracts and distributed applications; | |
| ● | general economic conditions and the regulatory environment relating to digital assets; and | |
| ● | negative consumer sentiment and perception of bitcoin specifically and digital assets generally. |
The outcome of these factors could have negative effects on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations as well as potentially negative effect on the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, which would harm investors in our securities.
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Banks and financial institutions may not provide banking services, or may cut off services, to businesses that engage in bitcoin-related activities or that accept digital assets as payment, including financial institutions of investors in our securities.
A number of companies that engage in bitcoin and/or other bitcoin-related activities have been unable to find banks or financial institutions that are willing to provide them with bank accounts and other services. Similarly, a number of companies and individuals or businesses associated with digital assets may have had and may continue to have their existing bank accounts closed or services discontinued with financial institutions in response to government action, particularly in China, where regulatory response to digital assets has been to exclude their use for ordinary consumer transactions within its jurisdiction.
Subject to such restrictions, we also may be unable to obtain or maintain these services for our business. The difficulty that many businesses in our industry and in related industries have and may continue to have in finding banks and financial institutions willing to provide them services may now, and in the future, decrease the usefulness of digital assets as a payment system, harm public perception of digital assets and decrease their usefulness.
The usefulness of digital assets as a payment system and the public perception of digital assets could be damaged if banks or financial institutions were to close the accounts of businesses engaging in bitcoin and/or other bitcoin-related activities. This could occur as a result of compliance risk, cost, government regulation or public pressure. The risk applies to securities firms, clearance and settlement firms, national stock and derivatives on commodities exchanges, the over-the-counter market, and the Depository Trust Company, which, if any of such entities adopts or implements similar policies, rules or regulations, could negatively affect our relationships with financial institutions and impede our ability to convert digital assets to fiat currencies. Such factors could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our new strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and harm investors.
We may face risks of Internet disruptions, which could have an adverse effect on the price of digital assets.
A disruption of the Internet may affect the use of digital assets and subsequently the value of our securities. Generally, digital assets and our business of mining digital assets is dependent upon the Internet. A significant disruption in Internet connectivity could disrupt a currency’s network operations until the disruption is resolved and have an adverse effect on the price of digital assets and our ability to mine digital assets.
The impact of geopolitical and economic events on the supply and demand for digital assets is uncertain.
Geopolitical crises may motivate large-scale purchases of bitcoin and other digital assets, which could increase the price of bitcoin and other digital assets rapidly. This may increase the likelihood of a subsequent price decrease as crisis-driven purchasing behavior dissipates, adversely affecting the value of our inventory following such downward adjustment. Such risks are similar to the risks of purchasing commodities in general uncertain times, such as the risk of purchasing, holding or selling gold. Alternatively, as an emerging asset class with limited acceptance as a payment system or commodity, global crises and general economic downturn may discourage investment in digital assets as investors focus their investment on less volatile asset classes as a means of hedging their investment risk.
As an alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central governments, digital assets, which are relatively new, are subject to supply and demand forces. How such supply and demand will be impacted by geopolitical events is largely uncertain but could be harmful to us and investors in our Ordinary Shares. Political or economic crises may motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of digital assets either globally or locally. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our new strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or any other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account.
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Acceptance and/or widespread use of bitcoin is uncertain.
Currently, there is a relatively limited use of any bitcoin in the retail and commercial marketplace, thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect an investment in our securities. Banks and other established financial institutions may refuse to process funds for bitcoin transactions, process wire transfers to or from bitcoin exchanges, bitcoin-related companies or service providers, or maintain accounts for persons or entities transacting in bitcoin. Conversely, a significant portion of bitcoin demand is generated by investors seeking a long-term store of value or speculators seeking to profit from the short- or long-term holding of the asset. Price volatility undermines any bitcoin’s role as a medium of exchange, as retailers are much less likely to accept it as a form of payment. Market capitalization for a bitcoin as a medium of exchange and payment method may always be low.
The relative lack of acceptance of bitcoins in the retail and commercial marketplace, or a reduction of such use, limits the ability of end users to use them to pay for goods and services. Such lack of acceptance or decline in acceptances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of bitcoins we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account.
Transactional fees may decrease demand for bitcoin and prevent expansion.
Currently, miners receive both rewards of new bitcoin and transaction fees paid in bitcoin by persons engaging in bitcoin transactions on the bitcoin blockchain for being the first to solve bitcoin blocks. As the number of bitcoins currency rewards awarded for solving a block in a blockchain decreases, the incentive for miners to continue to contribute to the bitcoin network may transition from a set reward and transaction fees to solely transaction fees. This transition could be accomplished by miners independently electing to record in the blocks they solve only those transactions that include payment of the highest transaction fees. If transaction fees paid for bitcoin transactions become too high, the marketplace may be reluctant to accept bitcoin as a means of payment and existing users may be motivated to switch from bitcoin to another digital asset or to fiat currency. Either the requirement from miners of higher transaction fees in exchange for recording transactions in a blockchain or a software upgrade that automatically charges fees for all transactions may decrease demand for bitcoin and prevent the expansion of the bitcoin network to retail merchants and commercial businesses, resulting in a reduction in the price of bitcoin that could adversely impact an investment in our securities. Decreased use of and demand for bitcoin may adversely affect its value and result in a reduction in the price of bitcoin and, consequently, the value of our Ordinary Shares.
The decentralized nature of the governance of bitcoin systems may lead to ineffective decision making that slows development or prevents a network from overcoming emergent obstacles. Governance of many bitcoin systems is by voluntary consensus and open competition with no clear leadership structure or authority. To the extent lack of clarity in corporate governance of bitcoin systems leads to ineffective decision making that slows development and growth of such digital assets, the value of our Ordinary Shares may be adversely affected.
There is a lack of liquid markets for digital assets, and blockchain/bitcoin-based assets are susceptible to potential manipulation.
Digital assets that are represented and trade on a ledger-based platform may not necessarily benefit from viable trading markets. Stock exchanges have listing requirements and vet issuers; requiring them to be subjected to rigorous listing standards and rules, and monitor investors transacting on such platform for fraud and other improprieties. These conditions may not necessarily be replicated on a distributed ledger platform, depending on the platform’s controls and other policies. The laxer a distributed ledger platform is about vetting issuers of bitcoin assets or users that transact on the platform, the higher the potential risk for fraud or the manipulation of the ledger due to a control event. These factors may decrease liquidity or volume or may otherwise increase volatility of investment securities or other assets trading on a ledger-based system, which may adversely affect us. Such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, and harm investors.
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Our operations, investment strategies and profitability may be adversely affected by competition from other methods of investing in digital assets.
We compete with other users and/or companies that are mining digital assets and other potential financial vehicles, including securities backed by or linked to digital assets through entities similar to us. Market and financial conditions, and other conditions beyond our control, may make it more attractive to invest in other financial vehicles, or to invest in digital assets directly, which could limit the market for our shares and reduce their liquidity. The emergence of other financial vehicles and exchange-traded funds have been scrutinized by regulators and such scrutiny and the negative impressions or conclusions resulting from such scrutiny could be applicable to us and impact our ability to successfully pursue our business strategy or operate at all, or to maintain a public market for our securities. Such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, and harm investors.
The development and acceptance of competing blockchain platforms or technologies may cause consumers to use alternative distributed ledgers or other alternatives.
The development and acceptance of competing blockchain platforms or technologies may cause consumers to use alternative distributed ledgers or an alternative to distributed ledgers altogether. Our business utilizes presently existent digital ledgers and blockchains and we could face difficulty adapting to emergent digital ledgers, blockchains, or alternatives thereto. This may adversely affect us and our exposure to various blockchain technologies and prevent us from realizing the anticipated profits from our investments. Such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, and harm investors.
Our bitcoins may be subject to loss, theft or restriction on access.
There is a risk that some or all of our bitcoins could be lost or stolen. Digital Assets are stored in platforms commonly referred to as “wallets” by holders of bitcoins which may be accessed to exchange a holder’s bitcoin assets. Access to our bitcoin assets could also be restricted by cybercrime (such as a denial-of-service attack) against a service at which we maintain a hosted hot wallet. A hot wallet refers to any bitcoin wallet that is connected to the Internet. Generally, hot wallets are easier to set up and access than wallets in cold storage, but they are also more susceptible to hackers and other technical vulnerabilities. Cold storage refers to any bitcoin wallet that is not connected to the Internet. Cold storage is generally more secure from external attack than hot storage but is not ideal for quick or regular transactions and we may experience lag time in our ability to respond to market fluctuations in the price of our bitcoin assets. Moreover, cold storage may increase the risk of internal theft or malfeasance. We hold our digital assets in hot and cold wallets through third party custodians to reduce the risk of external malfeasance, but the risk of loss of our bitcoin assets cannot be wholly eliminated. If any of our bitcoin were lost or stolen, it is unlikely that we would ever be able to recover such bitcoin.
Hackers or malicious actors may launch attacks to steal, compromise or secure digital assets, such as by attacking the bitcoin network source code, exchange miners, third-party platforms, cold and hot storage locations or software, or by other means. We may be in control and possession of one of the more substantial holdings of bitcoins. As we increase in size, we may become a more appealing target of hackers, malware, cyber-attacks or other security threats. Any of these events may adversely affect our operations and, consequently, our investments and profitability. The loss or destruction of a private key required to access our digital wallets may be irreversible and we may be denied access for all time to our bitcoin holdings or the holdings of others held in those compromised wallets. Our loss of access to our private keys or our experience of a data loss relating to our digital wallets could adversely affect our investments and assets.
Digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public and private keys relating to the local or online digital wallet in which they are held, which wallet’s public key or address is reflected in the network’s public blockchain. We will publish the public key relating to digital wallets in use when we verify the receipt of transfers and disseminate such information into the network, but we will need to safeguard the private keys relating to such digital wallets. To the extent such private keys are lost, destroyed or otherwise compromised, we will be unable to access our bitcoin rewards and such private keys may not be capable of being restored by any network. Any loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store our digital assets could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account.
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We may suffer significant and adverse effects due to hacking or one or more adverse software events.
In order to minimize risk, we have established processes to manage wallets that are associated with our bitcoin holdings. There can be no assurances that any processes we have adopted or will adopt in the future are or will be secure or effective, and we would suffer significant and immediate adverse effects if we suffered a loss of our bitcoin due to an adverse software or cybersecurity event. We utilize several layers of threat reduction techniques, including: (i) the use of hardware wallets to store sensitive private key information; (ii) performance of transactions offline; and (iii) offline generation storage and use of private keys.
At present, the Company is evaluating several third-party custodian wallet alternatives, but there can be no assurance that such services will be more secure than those the Company presently employs. Human error and the constantly evolving state of cybercrime and hacking techniques may render present security protocols and procedures ineffective in ways which we cannot predict. If our security procedures and protocols are ineffectual and our bitcoin assets are compromised by cybercriminals, we may not have adequate recourse to recover our losses stemming from such compromise and we may lose much of the accumulated value of our bitcoin mining activities. This would have a material adverse impact on our business and operations.
Incorrect or fraudulent bitcoin transactions may be irreversible.
Bitcoin transactions are irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred digital assets may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed or fraudulent bitcoin transactions could adversely affect our investments and assets.
Bitcoin transactions are not, from an administrative perspective, reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the digital assets from the transaction. In theory, bitcoin transactions may be reversible with the control or consent of a majority of processing power on the network, however, we do not now, nor is it feasible that we could in the future, possess sufficient processing power to affect this reversal. Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that is added to a blockchain, an incorrect transfer of a bitcoin or a theft thereof generally will not be reversible, and we may not have sufficient recourse to recover our losses from any such transfer or theft. It is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, our bitcoin rewards could be transferred in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to uncontrolled accounts. Further, according to the SEC, at this time, there is no specifically enumerated U.S. or foreign governmental, regulatory, investigative or prosecutorial authority or mechanism through which to bring an action or complaint regarding missing or stolen bitcoin. We are, therefore, presently reliant on existing private investigative entities, such as Chain Analysis and Kroll to investigate any potential loss of our bitcoin assets. These third-party service providers rely on data analysis and compliance of ISPs with traditional court orders to reveal information such as the IP addresses of any attackers who may have targeted us. To the extent that we are unable to recover our losses from such action, error or theft, such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations of and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account.
Our reliance primarily on a few models of miners may subject our operations to increased risk of mining failure.
The performance and reliability of our miners and our technology is critical to our reputation and our operations. Because we currently use MicroBT and Bitmain miners, if there are issues with those machines, our entire system could be affected. Any system error or failure may significantly delay response times or even cause our system to fail. Any disruption in our ability to continue mining could result in lower yields and harm our reputation and business. Any exploitable weakness, flaw, or error common to MicroBT and Bitmain miners affects all our miners, if a defect other flaw is exploited, our entire mining operations could go offline simultaneously. Any interruption, delay or system failure could result in financial losses, a decrease in the trading price of our Ordinary Shares and/or damage to our reputation.
The Company’s reliance on a third-party mining pool service provider for our mining revenue payouts may have a negative impact on the Company’s operations.
We use third–party mining pools to receive our mining rewards from the network. Mining pools allow miners to combine their processing power, increasing their chances of solving a block and getting paid by the network. The rewards are distributed by the pool operator, proportionally to our contribution to the pool’s overall mining power, used to generate each block. Should the pool operator’s system suffer downtime due to a cyber-attack, software malfunction or other similar issues, it will negatively impact our ability to mine and receive revenue. Furthermore, we are dependent on the accuracy of the mining pool operator’s record keeping to accurately record the total processing power provided to the pool for a given bitcoin mining application in order to assess the proportion of that total processing power we provided. While we have internal methods of tracking both our power provided and the total used by the pool, the mining pool operator uses its own record-keeping to determine our proportion of a given reward. We have little means of recourse against the mining pool operator if we determine the proportion of the reward paid out to us by the mining pool operator is incorrect, other than leaving the pool. If we are unable to consistently obtain accurate proportionate rewards from our mining pool operators, we may experience reduced reward for our efforts, which would have an adverse effect on our business and operations.
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The limited rights of legal recourse available to us and our lack of insurance protection for risk of loss of our digital assets exposes us and our shareholders to the risk of loss of our digital assets for which no person may ultimately be held liable and we may not be able to recover our losses.
The digital assets held by us are not insured. Further, banking institutions will not accept our digital assets and they are therefore not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). Therefore, a loss may be suffered with respect to our digital assets which is not covered by insurance and we may not be able to recover any of our carried value in these digital assets if they are lost or stolen or suffer significant and sustained reduction in conversion spot price. If we are not otherwise able to recover damages from a malicious actor in connection with these losses, our business and results of operations may suffer, which may have a material negative impact on our share price. Currently, we do not have any insurance to cover our digital assets or mining equipment. The market for such insurance is in the early stages, and we intend to purchase such insurance in the future. One of our digital asset custodians, Cactus Custody, is self-insured for $4 million plus annual additions. Any uninsured losses may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and/or financial condition.
Digital assets face significant scaling obstacles that can lead to high fees or slow transaction settlement times.
Digital assets face significant scaling obstacles that can lead to high fees or slow transaction settlement times and attempts to increase the volume of transactions may not be effective. Scaling digital assets is essential to the widespread acceptance of digital assets as a means of payment, which widespread acceptance is necessary to the continued growth and development of our business. Many bitcoin networks face significant scaling challenges. For example, digital assets are limited with respect to how many transactions can occur per second. Participants in the bitcoin ecosystem debate potential approaches to increasing the average number of transactions per second that the network can handle and have implemented mechanisms or are researching ways to increase scale, such as increasing the allowable sizes of blocks, and therefore the number of transactions per block, and sharding (a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine), which would not require every single transaction to be included in every single miner’s or validator’s block. However, there is no guarantee that any of the mechanisms in place or being explored for increasing the scale of settlement of bitcoin transactions will be effective, or how long they will take to become effective, which could adversely affect an investment in our securities.
The price of digital assets may be affected by the sale of such digital assets by other vehicles investing in digital assets or tracking bitcoin markets.
The global market for bitcoin is characterized by supply constraints that differ from those present in the markets for commodities or other assets such as gold and silver. The mathematical protocols under which certain digital assets are mined permit the creation of a limited, predetermined amount of currency, while others have no limit established on total supply. To the extent that other vehicles investing in digital assets or tracking bitcoin markets form and come to represent a significant proportion of the demand for digital assets, large redemptions of the securities of those vehicles and the subsequent sale of digital assets by such vehicles could negatively affect bitcoin prices and therefore affect the value of the bitcoin inventory we hold. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account.
There are risks related to technological obsolescence, the vulnerability of the global supply chain for bitcoin hardware disruption, and difficulty in obtaining new hardware which may have a negative effect on our business.
Our mining operations can only be successful and ultimately profitable if the costs, including hardware and electricity costs, associated with mining digital assets are lower than the price of a bitcoin. As our mining facility operates, our miners experience ordinary wear and tear, and may also face more significant malfunctions caused by a number of extraneous factors beyond our control. To date, we have purchased second-hand miners from third parties. The degradation of our miners will require us to, over time, replace those miners which are no longer functional. Additionally, as the technology evolves, we may be required to acquire newer models of miners to remain competitive in the market. Reports have been released which indicate that miner manufacturers or sellers adjust the prices of their miners according to bitcoin prices, so the cost of new machines is unpredictable but could be extremely high. As a result, at times, we may obtain miners and other hardware from third parties at premium prices, to the extent they are available. This upgrading process requires substantial capital investment, and we may face challenges. Further, the global supply chain for bitcoin miners is presently heavily dependent on China-based manufacturers. In addition, there have been reports of shortages of the semiconductors, which are key components in miner production. The global reliance on China as a main supplier of bitcoin miners has been called into question particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Should similar outbreaks or other disruptions to the China-based global supply chain for bitcoin hardware on the spot market or otherwise occur, we may not be able to obtain adequate replacement parts for our existing miners or to obtain additional miners from the manufacturer or third parties on a timely basis. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to pursue our business strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and the value of our Ordinary Shares.
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The bitcoin we mine is subject to halving; the bitcoin reward for successfully uncovering a block will halve several times in the future and bitcoin’s value may not adjust to compensate us for the reduction in the rewards we receive from our mining efforts.
Halving is a process designed to control the overall supply and reduce the risk of inflation in digital assets using a Proof-of-Work consensus algorithm. At a predetermined block, the mining reward is cut in half, hence the term “halving.” For bitcoin, the reward was initially set at 50 bitcoin currency rewards per block and this was cut in half to 25 in November 28, 2012 at block 210,000 and again to 12.5 on July 9, 2016 at block 420,000. The next halving for bitcoin occurred in May 2020 at block 630,000 when the reward was reduced to 6.25. This process will reoccur until the total amount of bitcoin currency rewards issued reaches 21 million, which is expected around 2140. If the award of bitcoin rewards for solving blocks and transaction fees are not sufficiently high, we may not have an adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease our mining operations. Halving may result in a reduction in the aggregate hash rate of the bitcoin network as the incentive for miners decreases. Miners ceasing operations would reduce the collective processing power on the network, which would adversely affect the confirmation process for transactions (i.e., temporarily decreasing the speed at which blocks are added to a blockchain until the next scheduled adjustment in difficulty for block solutions) and make bitcoin networks more vulnerable to a malicious actor or botnet obtaining control in excess of 50 percent of the processing power active on a blockchain, potentially permitting such actor or botnet to manipulate a blockchain in a manner that adversely affects our activities. A reduction in confidence in the confirmation process or processing power of the network could result and be irreversible. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine, whether now or in the future, or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account. While bitcoin prices have had a history of price fluctuations around the halving of its bitcoin rewards, there is no guarantee that the price change will be favorable or would compensate for the reduction in mining reward. If a corresponding and proportionate increase in the trading price of bitcoin does not follow these anticipated halving events, the revenue we earn from our mining operations would see a corresponding decrease, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.
The impact of social media and influencers on the price for digital assets is uncertain.
Renowned persons, including social media influencers, may publicly discuss their holdings (or the holdings of companies with which they are affiliated) of bitcoin or their intent to buy or sell large quantities of bitcoin. This may have a dramatic impact on the price of bitcoin, both up and down. At a minimum, these public statements delivered through social media, such as Twitter, may cause the price of bitcoin to experience significant volatility. These episodes could have a material adverse impact on the value of our bitcoin holdings as well as the prices of bitcoin that we may sell.
We may not be able to realize the benefits of forks.
To the extent that a significant majority of users and miners on a bitcoin network install software that changes the bitcoin network or properties of a bitcoin, including the irreversibility of transactions and limitations on the mining of new bitcoin, the bitcoin network would be subject to new protocols and software. However, if less than a significant majority of users and miners on the bitcoin network consent to the proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, the consequence would be what is known as a “fork” of the network, with one prong running the pre-modified software and the other running the modified software. The effect of such a fork would be the existence of two versions of the bitcoin running in parallel yet lacking interchangeability and necessitating exchange-type transaction to convert currencies between the two forks. Additionally, it may be unclear following a fork which fork represents the original asset and which is the new asset. Different metrics adopted by industry participants to determine which is the original asset include: referring to the wishes of the core developers of a bitcoin, blockchains with the greatest amount of hashing power contributed by miners or validators; or blockchains with the longest chain. A fork in the network of a particular bitcoin could adversely affect an investment in our Company or our ability to operate.
We may not be able to realize the economic benefit of a fork, either immediately or ever, which could adversely affect an investment in our securities. If we hold a bitcoin at the time of a hard fork into two digital assets, industry standards would dictate that we would be expected to hold an equivalent amount of the old and new assets following the fork. However, we may not be able, or it may not be practical, to secure or realize the economic benefit of the new asset for various reasons. For instance, we may determine that there is no safe or practical way to custody the new asset, that trying to do so may pose an unacceptable risk to our holdings in the old asset, or that the costs of taking possession and/or maintaining ownership of the new bitcoin exceed the benefits of owning the new bitcoin. Additionally, laws, regulation or other factors may prevent us from benefitting from the new asset even if there is a safe and practical way to custody and secure the new asset.
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There is a possibility of bitcoin mining algorithms transitioning to proof of stake validation and other mining related risks, which could make us less competitive and ultimately adversely affect our business and the value of our shares.
The protocol pursuant to which transactions are confirmed automatically on the bitcoin blockchain through mining is known as proof of work. Proof of stake is an alternative method in validating digital asset transactions. Should the bitcoin algorithm shift from a proof of work validation method to a proof of stake method, mining would require less energy and may render any company that maintains advantages in the current climate (for example, from lower priced electricity, processing, real estate, or hosting) less competitive. We, as a result of our efforts to optimize and improve the efficiency of our bitcoin mining operations, may be exposed to the risk in the future of losing the benefit of our capital investments and the competitive advantage we hope to gain form this as a result, and may be negatively impacted if a switch to proof of stake validation were to occur. This may additionally have an impact on other various investments of ours. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account.
To the extent that the profit margins of bitcoin mining operations are not high, operators of bitcoin mining operations are more likely to immediately sell bitcoin rewards earned by mining in the market, thereby constraining growth of the price of bitcoin that could adversely impact us, and similar actions could affect other digital assets.
Over the past several years, bitcoin mining operations have evolved from individual users mining with computer processors, graphics processing units and first-generation ASIC servers. Currently, new processing power is predominantly added by incorporated and unincorporated “professionalized” mining operations. Professionalized mining operations may use proprietary hardware or sophisticated ASIC machines acquired from ASIC manufacturers. They require the investment of significant capital for the acquisition of this hardware, the leasing of operating space (often in data centers or warehousing facilities), incurring of electricity costs and the employment of technicians to operate the mining farms. As a result, professionalized mining operations are of a greater scale than prior miners and have more defined and regular expenses and liabilities. These regular expenses and liabilities require professionalized mining operations to maintain profit margins on the sale of bitcoin. To the extent the price of bitcoin declines and such profit margin is constrained, professionalized miners are incentivized to more immediately sell bitcoin earned from mining operations, whereas it is believed that individual miners in past years were more likely to hold newly mined bitcoin for more extended periods. The immediate selling of newly mined bitcoin greatly increases the trading volume of bitcoin, creating downward pressure on the market price of bitcoin rewards.
The extent to which the value of bitcoin mined by a professionalized mining operation exceeds the allocable capital and operating costs determines the profit margin of such operation. A professionalized mining operation may be more likely to sell a higher percentage of its newly mined bitcoin rapidly if it is operating at a low profit margin and it may partially or completely cease operations if its profit margin is negative. In a low profit margin environment, a higher percentage could be sold more rapidly, thereby potentially depressing bitcoin prices. Lower bitcoin prices could result in further tightening of profit margins for professionalized mining operations creating a network effect that may further reduce the price of bitcoin until mining operations with higher operating costs become unprofitable forcing them to reduce mining power or cease mining operations temporarily.
If a malicious actor or botnet obtains control of more than 50% of the processing power on a bitcoin network, such actor or botnet could manipulate blockchains to adversely affect us, which would adversely affect an investment in us or our ability to operate.
If a malicious actor or botnet (a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains a majority of the processing power dedicated to mining a bitcoin, it may be able to alter blockchains on which transactions of bitcoin reside and rely by constructing fraudulent blocks or preventing certain transactions from completing in a timely manner, or at all. The malicious actor or botnet could control, exclude or modify the ordering of transactions, though it is believed that it could not generate new units or transactions using such control. The malicious actor could “double-spend” its own bitcoin (i.e., spend the same bitcoin in more than one transaction) and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions for as long as it maintained control. To the extent that such malicious actor or botnet yields its control of the processing power on the network or the bitcoin community does not reject the fraudulent blocks as malicious, reversing any changes made to blockchains may not be possible. The foregoing description is not the only means by which the entirety of blockchains or digital assets may be compromised but is only an example.
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Although there are no known reports of malicious activity or control of blockchains achieved through controlling over 50% of the processing power on the network, it is believed that certain mining pools may have exceeded the 50% threshold in bitcoin. The possible crossing of the 50% threshold indicates a greater risk that a single mining pool could exert authority over the validation of bitcoin transactions. To the extent that the bitcoin ecosystem, and the administrators of mining pools, do not act to ensure greater decentralization of bitcoin mining processing power, the feasibility of a malicious actor obtaining control of the processing power will increase because the botnet or malicious actor could compromise more than 50% mining pool and thereby gain control of blockchain, whereas if the blockchain remains decentralized it is inherently more difficult for the botnet of malicious actor to aggregate enough processing power to gain control of the blockchain, which may adversely affect an investment in our Ordinary Shares. Such lack of controls and responses to such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our new strategy at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other digital assets we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, and harm investors.
We are subject to risks associated with our need for significant electrical power. Government regulators may potentially restrict the ability of electricity suppliers to provide electricity to mining operations, such as ours.
The operation of a bitcoin or other bitcoin mine can require massive amounts of electrical power. Further, our mining operations can only be successful and ultimately profitable if the costs, including electrical power costs, associated with mining a bitcoin are lower than the price of a bitcoin. As a result, any mine we establish can only be successful if we can obtain sufficient electrical power for that mine on a cost-effective basis, and our establishment of new mines requires us to find locations where that is the case. There may be significant competition for suitable mine locations, and government regulators may potentially restrict the ability of electricity suppliers to provide electricity to mining operations in times of electricity shortage or may otherwise potentially restrict or prohibit the provision or electricity to mining operations.
Any shortage of electricity supply or increase in electricity cost in a jurisdiction may negatively impact the viability and the expected economic return for bitcoin mining activities in that jurisdiction. In addition, the significant consumption of electricity may have a negative environmental impact, including contribution to climate change, which may give rise to public opinion against allowing the use of electricity for bitcoin mining activities or government measures restricting or prohibiting the use of electricity for bitcoin mining activities.
We may not adequately respond to price fluctuations and rapidly changing technology, which may negatively affect our business.
Competitive conditions within the bitcoin industry require that we use sophisticated technology in the operation of our business. The industry for blockchain technology is characterized by rapid technological changes, new product introductions, enhancements and evolving industry standards. New technologies, techniques or products could emerge that might offer better performance than the software and other technologies we currently utilize, and we may have to manage transitions to these new technologies to remain competitive. We may not be successful, generally or relative to our competitors in the bitcoin industry, in timely implementing new technology into our systems, or doing so in a cost-effective manner. During the course of implementing any such new technology into our operations, we may experience system interruptions and failures during such implementation. Furthermore, there can be no assurances that we will recognize, in a timely manner or at all, the benefits that we may expect as a result of our implementing new technology into our operations. As a result, our business and operations may suffer, and there may be adverse effects on the price of our Ordinary Shares.
Ethereum Risk Factors
Risks Associated with Staking on Ethereum 2.0
In connection with the anticipated transition of the Ethereum network from PoW to PoS, the Company intends to deploy ETH to the beacon chain with a view to earning an ETH-denominated return thereon. Transfers and withdrawals of Ether on the beacon chain are currently disabled. Although it is anticipated that transfers and withdrawals will subsequently be enabled by no later than the merging of the Ethereum PoW chain into Ethereum 2.0 (the “Merge”), the timing of this event is uncertain and cannot be anticipated. Accordingly, to the extent that the Company deploys additional Ether holdings towards staking on the beacon chain prior to the enabling of transfers and withdrawals on the beacon chain, such Ether may be subject to an indefinite period of illiquidity. The inability of the Company to transfer or withdraw its Ether from the beacon chain may materially and adversely affect the market price and value of such Ether and, in turn, the value of the Company’s securities.
In addition, by running a validator node, the Company will be exposed to the risk of loss of its staked digital assets if it fails to operate the node in accordance with applicable protocol rules, as the Company’s digital assets may be “slashed” or inactivity penalties may be applied if the validator node “double signs” or is offline for a prescribed period of time. The Company intends to mitigate this risk by utilizing experienced service providers such as Blockdaemon and by carefully monitoring the staking activities performed by the Company in reliance on such services.
Speculative and Volatile Nature of Ether
To date, the Company has deployed a small portion of the capital it has raised into Ether. The price of Ether is subject to significant volatility. In addition, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to sell its Ether at prices quoted on various cryptocurrency trading platforms or at all if it determines to do so. In addition, the supply of Ether is currently controlled by the source code of the Ethereum platform, and there is a risk that the developers of the code and the participants in the Ethereum network could develop and/or adopt new versions of the Ethereum software that significantly increase the supply of Ether in circulation, negatively impacting the trading price of Ether. Any significant decrease in the price of Ether may materially and adversely affect the value of the Company’s securities and, in turn, the Company’s business and financial condition.
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The ETH markets are sensitive to new developments, and since volumes are still maturing, any significant changes in market sentiment (by way of sensationalism in the media or otherwise) can induce large swings in volume and subsequent price changes. Such volatility can adversely affect the business and financial condition of the Company.
Momentum pricing typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the public, accounts for anticipated future appreciation in value. The Company believes that momentum pricing of ETH has resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of ETH, inflating and making more volatile the value of ETH. As a result, ETH may be more likely to fluctuate in value due to changing investor confidence in future appreciation, which could adversely affect the business and financial condition of the Company.
Underlying Value Risk
ETH represents a new form of digital value that is still being digested by society. Its underlying value is driven by its utility as a store of value, means of exchange, and unit of account, and notably, the demand for ETH within various use cases of the Ethereum network. Just as oil is priced by the supply and demand of global markets, as a function of its utility to, for instance, power machines and create plastics, so too is ETH priced by the supply and demand of global markets for its own utility within Ethereum’s use cases.
Top ETH Holders May Control a Significant Percentage of the Outstanding ETH
The founders of the Ethereum network may control large amounts of ETH. There are several addresses outside of digital asset trading platforms that have large holdings of ETH, which can be found at: https://etherscan.io/accounts. While there appear to be few concentrated holders of ETH based on individual addresses, some holders may have their ETH spread across multiple addresses.
Development of the Ethereum Platform
The Ethereum platform is an open-source project being developed by a network of software developers, including Vitalik Buterin, a founder of Ethereum. Mr. Buterin or another key participant within the core development group could cease to be involved with the Ethereum platform. Factions could form within the Ethereum community, resulting in different and competing versions of Ethereum being adopted by network participants. Furthermore, network participants running the Ethereum software may choose not to update their versions of the software, resulting in different versions of the Ethereum software running on the network. Any of the foregoing developments could have a significant negative impact on the viability and overall health of the Ethereum platform, the value of Ether and the Company’s business model and assets.
In particular, the Ethereum network, as part of the Ethereum 2.0 upgrades, is anticipated to shift from the use of a PoW (Proof-of-Work) validation model to a PoS (Proof-of-Stake) model. The current proposal for Ethereum’s shift to a PoS model, and other Ethereum 2.0 upgrades, have a number of unknown variables, including uncertainty over timing, execution and ultimate adoption. Although the beacon chain (the PoS successor to the Ethereum PoW chain) launched in December 2020 and the “merging” of the Ethereum PoW chain into Ethereum 2.0 is expected to occur in or about September 2022, there is no assurance that this, or the balance of the Ethereum 2.0 upgrades, will occur on the timeline anticipated, or at all. In addition, although management believes that these upcoming changes to the Ethereum platform will positively impact its potential for mainstream adoption, no assurance can be given that such impact will materialize. If the Company cannot successfully anticipate and react to the impacts of this shift, its business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Uncertainty Regarding the Growth of Blockchain and Web 3 Technologies
The further development and use of blockchain, Web 3 technologies and digital assets are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate and predict, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The slowing of or stopping of the development or acceptance of blockchain networks, specifically Ethereum, and blockchain assets would be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Furthermore, blockchain and Web 3 technologies, including Ethereum, may never be implemented to a scale that provides identifiable economic benefit to blockchain-based businesses, including the Company.
The Ethereum network and ETH as digital asset have a limited history. Due to this short history, it is not clear how all elements of ETH will unfold over time, specifically with regard to governance between miners, developers and users, as well as the long-term security model as the rate of inflation of ETH decreases. Since the ETH community has successfully navigated a considerable number of technical and political challenges since its inception, the Company believes that it will continue to engineer its way around future challenges. The history of open-source software development would indicate that vibrant communities are able to change the software under development at a pace sufficient to stay relevant. The continuation of such vibrant communities is not guaranteed, and insufficient software development or any other unforeseen challenges that the community is not able to navigate could have an adverse impact on the business of the Company.
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Smart Contract Risk
The Ethereum network is based upon the development and deployment of smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement written into software code. There are thousands of smart contracts currently running on Ethereum network. Like all software code, smart contracts are exposed to risk that the code contains a bug or other security vulnerability, which can lead to loss of assets that are held on or transacted through the contract. The smart contract deployed on Ethereum and, as such, may contain a bug or other vulnerability that may lead to the loss of digital assets held in the wallet. The Ethereum developer community audits widely used smart contracts frequently and publishes the results of such audits on public forums. The Company currently relies on Blockdaemon for its staking solution. The smart contract code via Blockdaemon is scheduled to be audited by Quantstamp. Governance of the smart contracts utilizes a multi-signature approach and keys are stored in both hot and cold storage to ensure maximum security. Nevertheless, there is no guaranty against a bug or other vulnerability leading to a loss of digital assets.
Risks Associated with the Ethereum Network
Dependence on Ethereum Network Developers
While many contributors to the Ethereum network’s open-source software are employed by companies in the industry, most of them are not directly compensated for helping to maintain the protocol. As a result, there are no contracts or guarantees that they will continue to contribute to the Ethereum network’s software (https://github.com/ether and https://github.com/orgs/ether/people).
Issues with the Cryptography Underlying the Ethereum Network
Although the Ethereum network is one of the world’s most established digital asset networks, the Ethereum network and other cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of digital assets represent a new and rapidly evolving industry that is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. In the past, flaws in the source code for digital assets have been exposed and exploited, including flaws that disabled some functionality for users, exposed users’ personal information and/or resulted in the theft of users’ digital assets. The cryptography underlying ETH could prove to be flawed or ineffective, or developments in mathematics and/or technology, including advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, could result in such cryptography becoming ineffective. In any of these circumstances, a malicious actor may be able to take the ETH held by the Company. Moreover, functionality of the Ethereum network may be negatively affected such that it is no longer attractive to users, thereby dampening demand for ETH. Even if digital assets other than ETH were affected by similar circumstances, any reduction in confidence in the source code or cryptography underlying digital assets generally could negatively affect the demand for digital assets and therefore adversely affect the business of the Company.
Disputes on the Development of the Ethereum Network may lead to Delays in the Development of the Network
There can be disputes between contributors on the best paths forward in building and maintaining the Ethereum network’s software. Furthermore, the miners and/or stakers supporting the network and other developers and users of the network can disagree with the contributors as well, creating greater debate. Therefore, the Ethereum community often iterates slowly upon contentious protocol issues, which many perceive as prudently conservative, while others worry that it inhibits innovation. It will be important for the community to continue to develop at a pace that meets the demand for transacting in ETH, otherwise users may become frustrated and lose faith in the network. As a decentralized network, strong consensus and unity is particularly important to respond to potential growth and scalability challenges.
The Ethereum Blockchain may Temporarily or Permanently Fork and/or Split
The Ethereum network’s software and protocol are open source. When a modification is released by the developers and a substantial majority of participants consent to the modification, the change is implemented and the Ethereum network continues uninterrupted. However, if a change were activated with less than a substantial majority consenting to the proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, the consequence would be what is known as a “hard fork” (i.e., a split) of the Ethereum network (and the blockchain). One blockchain would be maintained by the pre-modification software and the other by the post-modification software. The effect is that both blockchain algorithms would be running parallel to one another, but each would be building an independent blockchain with independent native assets.
A hard fork could present problems such as two copies of a token for the same NFT. It could also present a problem for a customer having to choose to provide services with respect to digital assets resulting from a fork. In addition, digital asset loan agreements often dictate when and how each of the lender or the borrower of a digital asset pledging a certain digital asset gets the benefit of forked coins in the event of a hard fork. Similarly, derivative counterparties using ISDA-based contractual documentation may be subject to hard fork-related termination events.
Although forks are likely to be addressed by a community-led effort to merge the two groups, such a fork could still adversely affect ETH’s viability.
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Risk if a Person Gains a 51% Share of the Ethereum Network
If an individual gains controls over 51% of the compute power (hash rate), the person could use his (her) majority share to double spend ETH. Essentially, the person would send ETH to one recipient, which is confirmed in the existing blockchain, while also creating a shadow blockchain that sends that same ETH to another person under his control. After a period of time, the person will release his hidden blockchain and reverse previously confirmed transactions, and due to the way mining works, that new blockchain will become the record of truth. This would significantly erode trust in the Ethereum network to store value and serve as a means of exchange which may significantly decrease the value of the ETH. The risk of two or more of the largest miners or pools of Ethereum controlling in the aggregate more than 51% of the Ethereum network is expected to be substantially mitigated on Ethereum 2.0, as the PoS method of validating transactions is expected to improve the decentralization and security of the network.
Dependence on the Internet
ETH miners and beacon chain validators relay transactions to one another via the internet, and when blocks are mined, they are also forwarded via the Internet. Users and developers access Ethereum via the Internet. Thus, the Ethereum network is dependent upon the continued functioning of the Internet.
Attacks on the Ethereum Network
The Ethereum network is periodically subject to distributed denial of service attacks to clog the list of transactions being tabulated by miners, which can slow the confirmation of authentic transactions. Another avenue of attack would be if a large number of miners were taken offline then it could take some time before the difficulty of the mining process algorithmically adjusts, which would stall block creation time and therefore transaction confirmation time. Thus far these scenarios have not plagued the network for long or in a systemic manner. This risk is expected to be substantially mitigated on Ethereum 2.0, as the PoS method of validating transactions is expected to improve the speed and efficiency of the network.
Decrease in Block Reward or Yield
In the event of a material decrease in the block reward to the Ethereum network, miners may cease to provide their computational power to the consensus mechanism for the Ethereum network blockchain. This risk is expected to be mitigated in part on Ethereum 2.0, as the rewards earned by stakers of ETH will proportionately decline as more stakers participate in the network. Conversely, if some stakers decide to stop participating because the yield is too low, remaining stakers will enjoy a higher yield. Consequently, Ethereum 2.0 is expected to attract a sufficient number of stakers and validators to keep the network running efficiently.
Competitors to ETH and the Ethereum Network
Currently, ETH is the second largest digital asset by market capitalization, with Coingecko citing more than 5,000 alternative digital assets. To the extent a competitor to ETH gains popularity and greater market share, the use and price of ETH could be negatively impacted, which may adversely affect the investments of the Company. Similarly, the price of ETH could be negatively impacted by competition from incumbents in the credit card and payments industries or from other developing blockchain protocols.
Significant Energy Consumption to Run the Ethereum Network
Because of the significant computing power required to mine ETH, the network’s energy consumption as a whole may ultimately be deemed to be or indeed become unsustainable (barring improvements in efficiency which could be designed for the protocol). This could pose a risk to broader and sustained acceptance of the network as a peer-to-peer transactional platform. This risk is expected to be substantially mitigated on Ethereum 2.0, as the PoS method of validating transactions requires significantly less energy consumption than the PoW method.
Financial Institutions may Refuse to Support Transactions Involving ETH
In the uncertain regulatory climate for digital assets, including ETH, regulated financial institutions may refuse to support transactions involving digital assets, including the receipt of cash proceeds from sales of digital asset. Should this occur, the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
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Risks Related to United States Government Regulation
We are subject to an extensive and rapidly-evolving regulatory landscape and any adverse changes to, or our failure to comply with, any laws and regulations could adversely affect our brand, reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business may be or may become subject to extensive laws, rules, regulations, policies, orders, determinations, directives, treaties, and legal and regulatory interpretations and guidance in the markets in which we operate, including those typically applied to financial services and banking, securities, commodities, the exchange, and transfer of digital assets, cross-border and domestic money and digital asset transmission businesses, as well as those governing data privacy, data governance, data protection, cybersecurity, fraud detection, payment services (including payment processing and settlement services), consumer protection, antitrust and competition, bankruptcy, tax, anti-bribery, economic and trade sanctions, anti-money laundering, and counter-terrorist financing. Many of these legal and regulatory regimes were adopted prior to the advent of the internet, mobile technologies, digital assets, and related technologies. As a result, they often do not contemplate or address unique issues associated with digital assets, are subject to significant uncertainty, and vary widely across U.S. federal, state, and local jurisdictions. These legal and regulatory regimes, including the laws, rules, and regulations thereunder, evolve frequently and may be modified, interpreted, and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another. Moreover, the relative novelty and evolving nature of our business and the significant uncertainty surrounding the regulation of digital assets requires us to exercise our judgement as to whether certain laws, rules, and regulations apply to us, and it is possible that governmental bodies and regulators may disagree with our conclusions. To the extent we have not complied with such laws, rules, and regulations, we could be subject to significant fines, limitations on our business, reputational harm, and other regulatory consequences, as well as criminal penalties, each of which may be significant and could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition to existing laws and regulations, various governmental and regulatory bodies, including legislative and executive bodies, in the United States, as well as in other countries may adopt new laws and regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations may be issued by such bodies or the judiciary, which may adversely impact the development and use of digital assets as a whole, digital asset mining operations, and our legal and regulatory status in particular by changing how we operate our business, how our operations are regulated, and what products or services we and our competitors can offer, requiring changes to our compliance and risk mitigation measures, imposing new licensing requirements or new costs of doing business, or imposing a total ban on certain activities or transactions with respect to digital assets, as has occurred in certain jurisdictions in the past.
Due to our business activities, if laws or regulations or their respective interpretation change, we may become subject to ongoing examinations, oversight, and reviews by U.S. federal and state regulators, which would have broad discretion to audit and examine our business if we become subject to their oversight. Adverse changes to, or our failure to comply with, any laws and regulations have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our reputation and brand and our business, operating results and financial condition.
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to data privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity.
We collect and process data, including personal, financial and confidential information about individuals, including our employees and business partners; however, not of any customers or other third parties. The collection, use and processing of such data about individuals are governed by data privacy laws and regulations enacted in the U.S. (federal and state), and other jurisdictions around the world. These data privacy laws and regulations are complex, continue to evolve, and on occasion may be inconsistent between jurisdictions leading to uncertainty in interpreting such laws and it is possible that these laws, regulations and requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing information processing practices, and many of these laws are significantly litigated and/or subject to regulatory enforcement. The implication of this includes that various federal, state and foreign legislative or regulatory bodies may enact or adopt new or additional laws and regulations concerning data privacy, data retention, data transfer, and data protection. Such laws may continue to restrict or dictate how we collect, maintain, combine and disseminate information and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
In the United States, there are numerous federal and state laws and regulations that could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners, including data breach notification laws, financial information and other data privacy laws, and consumer protection laws and regulations (e.g., Section 5 of the FTC Act), that govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of personal information.
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We are subject to extensive environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that may expose us to significant liabilities for penalties, damages or costs of remediation or compliance.
Our operations and properties are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing occupational health and safety, the discharge of pollutants into the environment or otherwise relating to health, safety and environmental protection requirements in the United States. These laws and regulations may impose numerous obligations that are applicable to our operations, including acquisition of a permit or other approval before conducting construction or regulated activities; restrictions on the types, quantities and concentration of materials that can be released into the environment; limitation or prohibition of construction and operating activities in environmentally sensitive areas, such as wetlands; imposing specific health and safety standards addressing worker protection; and imposition of significant liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations, including investigation, remedial and clean-up costs. Failure to comply with these requirements may expose us to fines, penalties and/or interruptions in our operations that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Certain environmental laws may impose strict, joint and several liability for costs required to clean up and restore sites where hazardous substances have been disposed or otherwise released into the environment, even under circumstances where the hazardous substances were released by prior owners or operators or the activities conducted and from which a release emanated complied with applicable law. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by noise or the release of hazardous substances into the environment.
The trend in environmental regulation has been to place more restrictions and limitations on activities that may be perceived to impact the environment, and thus there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future expenditures for environmental regulation compliance or remediation. New or revised regulations that result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The regulatory and legislative developments related to climate change, may materially adversely affect our brand, reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.
A number of governments or governmental bodies have introduced or are contemplating legislative and regulatory changes in response to various climate change interest groups and the potential impact of climate change. Given the very significant amount of electrical power required to operate digital asset mining machines, as well the environmental impact of mining for the rare earth metals used in the production of mining servers, the digital asset mining industry may become a target for future environmental and energy regulation. For example, in June and July of 2021, the Chinese government prohibited the operation of mining machines and supply of energy to mining businesses, citing concerns regarding high levels of energy consumption, which resulted in our suspension of mining operations in China. United States legislation and increased regulation regarding climate change could impose significant costs on us and our suppliers, including costs related to increased energy requirements, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting, and other costs to comply with such regulations. Specifically, imposition of a carbon tax or other regulatory fee in a jurisdiction where we operate or on electricity that we purchase could result in substantially higher energy costs, and due to the significant amount of electrical power required to operate digital asset mining machines, could in turn put our facilities at a competitive disadvantage. Any future climate change regulations could also negatively impact our ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such limitations. Given the political significance and uncertainty around the impact of climate change and how it should be addressed, we cannot predict how legislation and regulation will affect our financial condition, operating performance and ability to compete. Furthermore, even without such regulation, increased awareness and any adverse publicity in the global marketplace about potential impacts on climate change by us or other companies in our industry could harm our reputation. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
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A particular digital asset’s status as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and if a regulator disagrees with our characterization of a digital asset, we may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigations, fines, and other penalties, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, a determination that Bitcoin or any other digital asset that we own or mine is a “security” may adversely affect the value of Bitcoin and our business.
The SEC and its staff have taken the position that certain digital assets fall within the definition of a “security” under the U.S. federal securities laws. Our determination that the digital assets we hold are not securities is a risk-based assessment and not a legal standard or binding on regulators. The SEC generally does not provide advance guidance or confirmation on the status of any particular digital asset as a security. Furthermore, the SEC’s views in this area have evolved over time and it is difficult to predict the direction or timing of any continuing evolution. It is also possible that a change in the governing administration or the appointment of new SEC commissioners could substantially impact the views of the SEC and its staff. Public statements made by senior officials at the SEC indicate that the SEC does not intend to take the position that Bitcoin is a security (as currently offered and sold). However, such statements are not official policy statements by the SEC and reflect only the speakers’ views, which are not binding on the SEC or any other agency or court and cannot be generalized to any other digital asset. As of the date of this prospectus, with the exception of certain centrally issued digital assets that have received “no-action” letters from the SEC staff, Bitcoin and ETH are the only digital assets which senior officials at the SEC have publicly stated are unlikely to be considered securities. Chairman Gensler stated (at the Penn Law Capital Markets Association Annual Conference on April 4, 2022) that “Issuers of crypto tokens that are securities must register their offers and sales of these assets with the SEC and comply with our disclosure requirements or meet an exemption.” As a bitcoin mining company, we do not believe we are an issuer of any “securities” as defined under the federal securities laws. Our internal process for determining whether the digital assets we hold or plan to hold is based upon the public statements of the SEC and existing case law. The digital assets we hold or plan to hold, other than bitcoin and ETH, may have been created by an issuer as an investment contract under the Howey test, SEC v. Howey Co., 328 U.S. 293 (1946), and may be deemed to be securities by the SEC. However, the Company was not the issuer that created these digital assets and is holding them on an interim basis until liquidated. Should the SEC state in the future that bitcoin, ETH or USDC tokens we hold are securities, we may no longer be able to hold any of these digital assets. It will then likely become difficult or impossible for such digital asset to be traded, cleared or custodied in the United States through the same channels used by non-security digital assets, which in addition to materially and adversely affecting the trading value of the digital asset is likely to cause substantial volatility and significantly impact its liquidity and market participants’ ability to convert the digital asset into U.S. dollars. Our inability to exchange bitcoin for fiat currency or other digital assets (and vice versa) to administer our treasury management objectives may decrease our earnings potential and have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, a company may fall within the definition of an investment company under section 3(c)(1)(A) thereof if it is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities, or under section 3(a)(1)(C) thereof if it is engaged or proposes to engage in business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities, and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” (as defined) having a value exceeding 40% of its total assets (exclusive of government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. There is no authoritative law, rule or binding guidance published by the SEC regarding the status of digital assets as “securities” or “investment securities” under the Investment Company Act. Although we believe that we are not engaged in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in investment securities, and we do not hold ourselves out as being primarily engaged, or proposing to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities, to the extent the digital assets which we mine, own, or otherwise acquire may be deemed “securities” or ” investment securities” by the SEC or a court of competent jurisdiction, we may meet the definition of an investment company. If we fall within the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would be required to register with the SEC. If an investment company fails to register, it likely would have to stop doing almost all business, and its contracts would become voidable. Generally non-U.S. issuers may not register as an investment company without an SEC order.
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The classification of a digital asset as a security under applicable law has wide-ranging implications for the regulatory obligations that flow from the mining, sale and trading of such assets. For example, a digital asset that is a security in the United States may generally only be offered or sold in the United States pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC or in an offering that qualifies for an exemption from registration. Persons that effect transactions in digital assets that are securities in the United States may be subject to registration with the SEC as a “broker” or “dealer.”
There can be no assurances that we will properly characterize any given digital asset as a security or non-security for purposes of determining which digital assets to mine, hold and trade, or that the SEC, or a court, if the question was presented to it, would agree with our assessment. We could be subject to judicial or administrative sanctions for failing to offer or sell digital assets in compliance with the registration requirements, or for acting as a broker or dealer without appropriate registration. Such an action could result in injunctions, cease and desist orders, as well as civil monetary penalties, fines, and disgorgement, criminal liability, and reputational harm. Further, if bitcoin is deemed to be a security under the laws of any U.S. federal, state, or foreign jurisdiction, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have adverse consequences for such digital asset. For instance, all transactions in such supported digital asset would have to be registered with the SEC, or conducted in accordance with an exemption from registration, which could severely limit its liquidity, usability and transactability. For instance, all transactions in such supported digital asset would have to be registered with the SEC, or conducted in accordance with an exemption from registration, which could severely limit its liquidity, usability and transactability. Further, it could draw negative publicity and a decline in the general acceptance of the digital asset. Also, it may make it difficult for such digital asset to be traded, cleared, and custodied as compared to other digital assets that are not considered to be securities.
Failure to comply with anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and similar laws associated with our activities outside of the United States, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We operate an international business and may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We are subject to the FCPA, and other applicable anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws in certain countries in which we conduct activities. The FCPA prohibits providing, offering, promising, or authorizing, directly or indirectly, anything of value to government officials, political parties, or political candidates for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. In addition, U.S. public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls.
In many foreign countries, including countries in which we may conduct business, it may be a local custom that businesses engage in practices that are prohibited by the FCPA, or other applicable laws and regulations. We face significant risks if we or any of our directors, officers, employees, contractors, agents or other partners or representatives fail to comply with these laws and governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results, prospects and financial condition.
Any violation of the FCPA, other applicable anti-corruption laws, or anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions and, in the case of the FCPA, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. In addition, responding to any enforcement action or internal investigation related to alleged misconduct may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.
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Enactment of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (the “Infrastructure Act”) may have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
On November 15, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden signed the Infrastructure Act. Section 80603 of the Infrastructure Act modifies and amends the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) by requiring brokers of digital asset transactions to report their customers to the IRS. This provision was included to enforce the taxability of digital asset transactions. Section 80603 defines “broker” as “any person who (for consideration) is responsible for regularly providing any service effectuating transfers of digital assets on behalf of another person.” That could potentially include miners, validators, and developers of decentralized applications. These functions play a critical role in our business and in the functioning of the blockchain ecosystem. Importantly, these functions have no way of identifying their anonymous users. Indeed, bitcoin’s blockchain was designed for anonymity.
This reporting requirement does not take effect until January 1, 2023 and will impact tax returns filed in 2024. The implementation of these requirements will require further guidance from the federal government. Disclosing the identity of our bitcoin mining operations and associated accounts to ensure they can be taxed by the IRS could cause a significant devaluing of our business, the bitcoin currency, and the entire digital assets market. Additionally, noncompliance with this provision could lead to significant fines and or regulatory actions against our company.
Our interactions with a blockchain and mining pools may expose us to SDN or blocked persons or cause us to violate provisions of law that did not contemplate distributive ledger technology.
The Office of Financial Assets Control of the U.S. Department of Treasury (“OFAC”) requires us to comply with its sanction program and not conduct business with persons named on its specially designated nationals (“SDN”) list. However, because of the pseudonymous nature of blockchain transactions we may inadvertently and without our knowledge engage in transactions with persons named on OFAC’s SDN list or from countries on OFAC’s sanctioned countries’ list. We also rely on a third-party mining pool service provider for our mining revenue payments and other participants in the mining pool, unknown to us, may also be persons from countries on OFAC’s SDN list or from countries on OFAC’s sanctioned countries list. Our Company’s policy prohibits any transactions with such SDN individuals or persons from sanctioned countries, but we may not be adequately capable of determining the ultimate identity of the individual with whom we transact with respect to selling bitcoin assets. Moreover, federal law prohibits any U.S. person from knowingly or unknowingly possessing any visual depiction commonly known as child pornography. Recent media reports have suggested that persons have imbedded such depictions on one or more blockchains. Because our business requires us to download and retain one or more blockchains to effectuate our ongoing business, it is possible that such digital ledgers contain prohibited depictions without our knowledge or consent. To the extent government enforcement authorities enforce these and other laws and regulations that are impacted by decentralized distributed ledger technology, we may be subject to investigation, administrative or court proceedings, and civil or criminal monetary fines and penalties, all of which could harm our reputation and affect the value of our Ordinary Shares.
If regulatory changes or interpretations of our activities require our registration as a money services business (“MSB”) under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, or otherwise under state laws, we may incur significant compliance costs, which could be substantial or cost-prohibitive. If we become subject to these regulations, our costs in complying with them may have a material negative effect on our business and the results of our operations.
To the extent that our activities cause us to be deemed an MSB under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, we may be required to comply with FinCEN regulations, including those that would mandate us to implement anti-money laundering programs, make certain reports to FinCEN and maintain certain records.
To the extent that our activities cause us to be deemed a “money transmitter” (“MT”) or equivalent designation, under state law in any state in which we operate (currently, Nebraska, Georgia and Texas), we may be required to seek a license or otherwise register with a state regulator and comply with state regulations that may include the implementation of anti-money laundering programs, maintenance of certain records and other operational requirements. Such additional federal or state regulatory obligations may cause us to incur extraordinary expenses, possibly affecting an investment in our securities in a materially adverse manner. Furthermore, the Company and our service providers may not be capable of complying with certain federal or state regulatory obligations applicable to MSBs and MTs. If we are deemed to be subject to and determine not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, we may act to leave a particular state or the U.S. completely. Any such action would be expected to materially adversely affect our operations.
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Current regulation of the exchange of bitcoins under the CEA by the CFTC is unclear; to the extent we become subject to regulation under the CFTC in connection with our exchange of bitcoin, we may incur additional compliance costs, which may be significant.
Current legislation, including the Commodities Exchange Act of 1936, as amended (the “CEA”) is unclear with respect to the exchange of bitcoins. Changes in the CEA or the regulations promulgated thereunder, as well as interpretations thereof and official promulgations by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), which oversees the CEA, may impact the classification of bitcoins and therefore may subject them to additional regulatory oversight by the CFTC.
Presently, bitcoin derivatives are not excluded from the definition of a “commodity future” by the CFTC. We cannot be certain as to how future regulatory developments will impact the treatment of bitcoins under the law. Bitcoins have been deemed to fall within the definition of a commodity and, we may be required to register and comply with additional regulation under the CEA, including additional periodic report and disclosure standards and requirements. Moreover, we may be required to register as a commodity pool operator or as a commodity pool with the CFTC through the National Futures Association. Such additional registrations may result in extraordinary, non-recurring expenses, thereby materially and adversely impacting an investment in us. If we determine not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, we may seek to curtail our U.S. operations. Any such action would be expected to materially adversely affect our operations. As of the date of this prospectus, no CFTC orders or rulings are applicable to our business.
Because there has been limited precedent set for financial accounting of bitcoin and other bitcoin assets, the determination that we have made for how to account for bitcoin assets transactions may be subject to change.
Because there has been limited precedent set for the financial accounting of digital assets and related revenue recognition and no official guidance has yet been provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board or the SEC, it is unclear how companies may in the future be required to account for bitcoin transactions and assets and related revenue recognition. A change in regulatory or financial accounting standards could result in the necessity to change our accounting methods and restate our financial statements. Such a restatement could adversely affect the accounting for our newly mined bitcoin rewards and more generally negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operation. Such circumstances would have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business strategy at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations as well as and potentially the value of any digital assets we hold or expects to acquire for our own account and harm investors.
Risks Related to Canadian Government Regulations
The Alberta Utilities Commission (“AUC”) and AUC’s Decision 26379-D02-2021 had an adverse impact on our Canadian operations.
The Alberta Utilities Commission (“AUC”) is the Province of Alberta’s electric generation regulatory agency. AUC regulates and oversees the development of and generation of electricity under the Hydro and Electric Act (the “Act”). AUC ensures that proposed electric generation activities are in the public interest while considering related environmental and social issues. As such, AUC must approve all digital asset miners seeking to develop their own electric generation in Alberta, unless their operations are exempt. Our hosting partner, Link Global Technologies (“Link”) that had supplied approximately 3.3 MW for hosting our miners was required to discontinue operations as a result of the hereinafter described AUC proceedings which had an adverse effect on our operations. The Company has sent Link a termination notice and is seeking a refund of its $129,845 deposit. Pending a termination, the Company has redirected miners formerly hosted with Link to other hosting partners.
We are subject to Canadian restrictions on export.
Under Canadian law, we cannot export, re-export, transfer, or make available, whether directly or indirectly, any regulated item or information to anyone outside Canada in connection with an Agreement with Blockbreakers without first complying with all export control laws and regulations which may be imposed by applicable governmental authorities of any country or organization of nations within whose jurisdiction we operate or do business.
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Risks Involving Intellectual Property
We rely upon licenses of third-party intellectual property rights and may be unable to protect our software codes.
We actively use specific hardware and software for our bitcoin mining operation. In certain cases, source code and other software assets may be subject to an open source license, as much technology development underway in this sector is open source. For these works, the Company intends to adhere to the terms of any license agreements that may be in place.
We do not currently own, and do not have any current plans to seek, any patents in connection with our existing and planned blockchain and digital asset related operations. We rely upon trade secrets, trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights and other intellectual property rights and expect to license the use of intellectual property rights owned and controlled by others. In addition, we have developed and may further develop certain proprietary software applications for purposes of our digital asset mining operation. Our open source licenses may not afford us the protection we need to protect our intellectual property.
Our internal systems rely on software that is highly technical, and, if it contains undetected errors, our business could be adversely affected.
Our internal systems rely on software that is highly technical and complex. In addition, our internal systems depend on the ability of such software to store, retrieve, process and manage immense amounts of data. The software on which we rely has contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors or bugs. Some errors may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal use. Any errors, bugs or defects discovered in the software on which we rely could result in harm to our reputation, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial conditions.
We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
We regard trademarks, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality and non-compete agreements with our employees and others, to protect our proprietary rights. See “Business-Intellectual Property” and “Regulation—Regulation on Intellectual Property Rights” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021. Thus, we cannot assure you that any of our intellectual property rights would not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or such intellectual property will be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, parts of our business rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.
Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related know-how and inventions. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.
We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be, from time to time in the future, subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in China, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits. If we were found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be subject to liability for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives of our own. As a result, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
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Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
The trading price of our Ordinary Shares is subject to pricing factors that are not necessarily associated with traditional factors that influence stock prices or the value of non-bitcoin assets such as revenue, cash flows, profitability, growth prospects or business activity levels since the value and price, as determined by the investing public, may be influenced by future anticipated adoption or appreciation in value of digital assets or blockchains generally, factors over which we have little or no influence or control.
Other factors that could cause volatility in the market price of our Ordinary Shares include, but are not limited to:
| ● | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results or those of companies perceived to be similar to us; | |
| ● | actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors; | |
| ● | commercial success and market acceptance of blockchain and bitcoin and other digital assets; | |
| ● | actions by our competitors, such as new business initiatives, acquisitions and divestitures; | |
| ● | strategic transactions undertaken by us; | |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel; | |
| ● | prevailing economic conditions; | |
| ● | disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights; | |
| ● | sales of our Ordinary Shares by our officers, directors or significant shareholders; | |
| ● | other actions taken by our shareholders; | |
| ● | future sales or issuances of equity or debt securities by us; | |
| ● | business disruptions caused by earthquakes, tornadoes or other natural disasters; | |
| ● | issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations regarding us; |
| ● | legal proceedings involving our company, our industry or both; | |
| ● | changes in market valuations of companies similar to ours; | |
| ● | the prospects of the industry in which we operate; | |
| ● | speculation or reports by the press or investment community with respect to us or our industry in general; | |
| ● | the level of short interest in our shares; and | |
| ● | other risks, uncertainties and factors described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F. |
In addition, the stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of issuers. These broad market fluctuations may negatively impact the price or liquidity of our Ordinary Shares. When the price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the issuer, and we have been impacted in that way. See Item 4 - “Information on the Company - Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ending December 31, 2021 and the risk factor below titled “We are defendants in securities class action litigation which could result in substantial costs and liabilities for the Company.” The pending lawsuit has required significant management time and attention, resulting in significant legal expenses and potential damages.
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Our Chief Financial Officer and Chairman currently have voting power to control all significant corporate actions.
Erke Huang, our Chief Financial Officer and a director, and Zhaohui Deng, our Chairman of the Board, collectively beneficially own 1,000,000 preferred shares, each having fifty (50) votes, which equals approximately 60.6% of the voting power of our 82,448,907 outstanding Ordinary Shares as of September 1, 2022 or approximately 37.8% of all votes cast. The Board authorized the exchange by Messrs. Huang and Deng of 1,000,000 Ordinary Shares for an equivalent number of preferred shares, in the form of a poison pill, to enable them to carry out the Company’s business plan without the threat of a hostile takeover. Nevertheless, as a result of their shareholdings, Mr. Huang and Mr. Deng may be able to control the vote over decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, the election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. They may also take action that is not in the best interests of our other shareholders. This concentration of voting power may discourage or delay our Company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of the sale of our Company and might reduce the market price of our Ordinary Shares. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders.
We may be unable to comply with the applicable continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, which may adversely impact our access to capital markets and may cause us to default certain of our agreements.
Our Ordinary Shares are currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq rules require us to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per Ordinary Share. The closing bid price of our Ordinary Shares fell below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive trading days in November 2019, so we were not in compliance with Nasdaq’s rules for listing standards. Although we regained compliance, there can be no assurance we will continue to meet the minimum bid price requirements or any other Nasdaq requirements in the future, in which case our Ordinary Shares could be delisted.
In the event that our Ordinary Shares are delisted from Nasdaq and are not eligible for quotation or listing on another market or exchange, trading of our Ordinary Shares could be conducted only on the over-the-counter market or on an electronic bulletin board established for unlisted securities, such as the OTC. In such event, it could become more difficult to dispose of, or obtain accurate price quotations for, our Ordinary Shares, and there would likely also be a reduction in our coverage by securities analysts and the news media, which could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decline further. In addition, our ability to raise additional capital may be severely impacted if our shares are delisted from Nasdaq, which may negatively affect our business plans and the results of our operations.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable research about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Ordinary Shares will be influenced by whether industry or securities analysts publish research and reports about us, our business, our market or our competitors and, if any analysts do publish such reports, what they publish in those reports. We may not obtain or maintain analyst coverage in the future. Any analysts that do cover us may make adverse recommendations regarding our shares, adversely change their recommendations from time to time and/or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors. If analysts who may cover us in the future were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, or if analysts fail to cover us or publish reports about us at all, we could lose (or never gain) visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the share price of our Ordinary Shares or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if our operating results do not meet the expectations of the investor community, one or more of the analysts who cover our Company may change their recommendations regarding our Company, and our share price could decline.
Our Ordinary Shares may be thinly traded, and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares.
Our Ordinary Shares may become “thinly-traded”, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our Ordinary Shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation may be attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we may not be well-known to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that, even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and might be reluctant to follow a relatively unknown company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. A broad or active public trading market for our Ordinary Shares may not develop or be sustained.
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We are defendants in securities class actions litigation which could result in substantial costs and liabilities for the Company.
The market for our Ordinary Shares may have, when compared to seasoned issuers, significant price volatility, and we expect that our share price may continue to be more volatile than that of a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. On January 20, 2021, a securities class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer titled Anthony Pauwels v. Bit Digital, Inc., Min Hu and Erke Huang (Case No. 1:21-cv-00515) (U.S.D.C. S.D.N.Y.). The class action was brought on behalf of persons that purchased or acquired our Ordinary Shares between December 21, 2020 and January 8, 2021, a period of volatility in our shares, as well as volatility in the price of bitcoin. We believe the complaints are based solely upon a research article issued on January 11, 2021, which included false claims and to which the Company responded in a press release filed on Form 6-K on January 19, 2021. On April 29, 2021, the Court consolidated several related cases under the caption In re Bit Digital, Inc. Securities Litigation. Joseph Franklin Monkam Nitcheu was appointed as lead plaintiff. On July 6, 2021, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated class action complaint (the “Amended Complaint”). The Amended Complaint was still based upon the January 11, 2021 research article and included additional information concerning our previously discontinued peer to peer lending business. While the outcome is uncertain at this early point in time, we have filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit and will continue to vigorously defend the action.
We have not paid dividends in the past and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends with respect to our Ordinary Shares and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Preference Shares held by our Chairman of the Board and Chief Financial Officer provide for an eight (8%) percent annual dividend when and if declared by the Board and none has been declared. We currently plan to retain any future earnings to cover operating costs and otherwise fund the growth of our business. We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our Ordinary Shares as a dividend. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our Ordinary Shares will be the sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. There is no guarantee that our Ordinary Shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which a shareholder purchased such shareholder’s shares.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests as a shareholder, as Cayman Islands law provides substantially less protection when compared to the laws of the United States and it may be difficult for a shareholder of ours to effect service of process or to enforce judgements obtained in the United States courts.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and by the Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors and us, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law. Decisions of the Privy Council (which is the final court of appeal for British overseas territories such as the Cayman Islands) are binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. Decisions of the English courts, and particularly the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of Appeal are generally of persuasive authority but are not binding on the courts of the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provide significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the United States federal courts. The Cayman Islands courts are also unlikely to impose liabilities against us in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, based on certain civil liability provisions of United States securities laws. It may be difficult for a shareholder to enforce against us judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
As a result of all of the above, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us or our officers, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States. See “Description of Share Capital – Provisions in Corporate Law” below.
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You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process and enforcing judgments against us and our management, and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions abroad.
Currently, a portion of our operations and of our non-mining assets and personnel are located in Hong Kong. Four of five members of our Board of Directors are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States, and a substantial portion, if not all, of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. Hong Kong has no arrangement for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments with the United States. As a result, recognition and enforcement in Hong Kong of judgments of a court in the United States and any of the other jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible. Even if you sue successfully in a U.S. court or any other jurisdictions, you may not be able to collect on such judgment against us or our directors and officers. In addition, the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice and other U.S. authorities may also have difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against us or our directors or officers in Hong Kong.
We are currently a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and, as such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies.
As of June 30, 2022, the date of determination, we remained a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act. As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; | |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; | |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; | |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; | |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; | |
| ● | we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction; and. | |
| ● | we file annual reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K as a foreign private issuer. As a result of our reduced reporting requirements, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. |
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We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, which could make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies and make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies”, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that, when a financial accounting standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accountant standards used. Because of these lessened regulatory requirements, our shareholders are left without information or rights available to shareholders of more mature companies. If some investors find our Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Ordinary Shares, and our share price may be more volatile.
We incur significant costs as a result of being a public company and will continue to do so in the future, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”
We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the NASDAQ Capital Market, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We are an “emerging growth company,” as set forth above, and will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) ending December 31, 2023, or (b) in which we have a total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. If we are no longer an emerging growth company, we will incur additional costs which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
If we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, United States taxpayers who own our Ordinary Shares may have adverse United States federal income tax consequences.
A non-U.S. corporation such as ourselves will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which is known as a PFIC, for any taxable year if, for such year, either
| ● | at least 75% of our gross income for the year is passive income; or | |
| ● | the average percentage of our assets (determined at the end of each quarter) during the taxable year which produce passive income or which are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%. |
Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.
If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. shareholder who holds our Ordinary Shares, the U.S. shareholder may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements.
Whether we are a PFIC for 2021 or any future taxable year is uncertain because, among other things, the treatment of digital asset such as bitcoin for purposes of the PFIC rules is unclear. We express no opinion with respect to our PFIC status and also express no opinion with regard to our expectations regarding our PFIC status. Given this uncertainty, prospective U.S. shareholders contemplating an investment in the Ordinary Shares may want to assume that we are a PFIC and are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding our PFIC status and the resulting U.S. federal income tax consequences in light of their own particular circumstances.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this document and the materials accompanying this document are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. Frequently, but not always, forward-looking statements are identified by the use of the future tense and by words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “will,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “predicts,” “anticipates,” “future,” “plans,” “continues,” “estimates” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results could differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the important factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus from our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F and any subsequent Reports on Form 6-K we file after the date of this prospectus, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act and in our other filings with the SEC, that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.
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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands in order to enjoy the following benefits:
| ● | political and economic stability; | |
| ● | an effective judicial system; | |
| ● | a favorable tax system; | |
| ● | the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and | |
| ● | the availability of professional and support services. |
However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | The Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors; and | |
| ● | Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. |
Our constitutional documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated. Currently, a portion of our operations are conducted outside of the United States, and a portion of our assets are located outside the United States. All of our Board of Directors are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States, and a substantial portion, if not all, of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
We have appointed Corporation Service Company located at 19 West 44th Street, Suite 201, New York, New York 10036, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Ogier, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, and Tian Yuan Law Firm, our counsel as to PRC law, have advised us, respectively, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands and China, respectively, would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
Ogier has informed us that it is uncertain whether the courts of the Cayman Islands will allow shareholders of our Company to originate actions in the Cayman Islands based upon securities laws of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty with regard to Cayman Islands law related to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature. If such a determination is made, the courts of the Cayman Islands will not recognize or enforce the judgment against a Cayman Islands company, such as our Company. As the courts of the Cayman Islands have yet to rule on making such a determination in relation to judgments obtained from U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws, it is uncertain whether such judgments would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. Ogier has further advised us that the courts of the Cayman Islands would recognize as a valid judgment a final and conclusive judgment in personam obtained in the federal or state courts in the United States under which a sum of money is payable (other than a sum of money payable in respect of multiple damages, taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty) or, in certain circumstances, an in personam judgment for non-monetary relief, and would give a judgment based thereon provided that: (a) such courts had proper jurisdiction over the parties subject to such judgment; (b) such courts did not contravene the rules of natural justice of the Cayman Islands; (c) such judgment was not obtained by fraud; (d) the enforcement of the judgment would not be contrary to the public policy of the Cayman Islands; (e) no new admissible evidence relevant to the action is submitted prior to the rendering of the judgment by the courts of the Cayman Islands; and (f) there is due compliance with the correct procedures under the laws of the Cayman Islands.
Tian Yuan Law Firm has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are subject to compliance with the PRC Civil Procedures Law and relevant civil procedure requirements in the PRC. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the United States or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands.
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We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder. However, we may receive proceeds of up to $22,000,000 from the sale of Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement, from time to time in our discretion after the date the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective and the other conditions in the Purchase Agreement have been satisfied. The net proceeds received from Ionic under the Purchase Agreement will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the purchase of bitcoin miners.
THE IONIC PURCHASE AGREEMENT TRANSACTION
General
On January 11, 2021, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement, as amended and restated on July 30, 2021, with Ionic (also herein referred to as the “Investor”) whereby we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Ionic, and Ionic is obligated to purchase up to in the aggregate $80,000,000 worth of Ordinary Shares. Sales of Ordinary Shares by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s sole discretion, over the 36-month period commencing on May 20, 2021 (“Commencement Date”). As of the date of this prospectus, the Company had sold to the Investor, an aggregate of 16,548,801 of Ordinary Shares plus 413,720 Commitment Shares (as defined below) were issued, for an aggregate price of $58,000,000. Under a second registration statement (No. 333-258330), an aggregate of 9,009,673 Ordinary Shares remain registered for sale to the Investor. This prospectus is part of a third registration statement regarding any of the remaining $22,000,000 of Ordinary Shares the Company may not have sold under the second registration statement that may be sold to the Investor under the Purchase Agreement.
Actual sales of Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the Ordinary Shares and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and its operations. We expect that any net proceeds received by the Company from such sales to Ionic will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.
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The purchase price of the Ordinary Shares purchased by the Investor under the Purchase Agreement will be derived from prevailing market prices of the Company’s Ordinary Shares immediately preceding the time of sale. The Company will control the timing and amount of future sales, if any, of Ordinary Shares to the Investor. The Investor has no right to require the Company to sell any Ordinary Shares to the Investor, but the Investor is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions.
The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement (the “RRA”) each contains representations, warranties, covenants, closing conditions and indemnification and termination provisions by, between and for the benefit of the parties which are customary of transactions of this nature. Additionally, sales to the Investor under the Purchase Agreement may be limited, to the extent applicable, by Nasdaq and SEC rules.
Ionic may not assign or transfer its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement.
Depending on the market prices of our Ordinary Shares at the time we elect to issue and sell Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement, we may need to register additional Ordinary Shares in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $80,000,000 total commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement.
Of the 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares being registered herein under the Purchase Agreement, up to 19,500,000 shares may be issued and sold for cash to Ionic, up to 500,000 shares (2.5% of the number of shares sold for cash) may be issued to Ionic for no consideration as Commitment Shares or Additional Commitment Shares and 200,000 shares as Settlement Shares (as described below).
Purchase of Shares under the Purchase Agreement
Under the Purchase Agreement, from and after the Commencement Date, the Company has the right, from time to time in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct the Investor to purchase up to the lesser of (i) $2,500,000 in Ordinary Shares; and (ii) 75% of the average dollar volume of Ordinary Shares for the lowest 8 of 10 Trading Days prior to providing notice to the Investor. The Company may effect a regular purchase at the Regular Purchase Price equal to 85% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest volume weighted average prices (“VWAP”) calculated for the period five (5) Trading Days prior to and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement purchase shares (the “Regular Purchase Measurement Period”) based on an estimate and true-up. The Company may also effect an alternate purchase at the Alternate Purchase Price equal to 90% (as amended) of the arithmetic average of the VWAPs calculated for the period on and ending five (5) Trading Days after delivery of pre-settlement shares (the “Alternate Purchase Measurement Period”) based on an estimate and true-up.
The Company may deliver a notice to the Investor for a regular purchase or an alternate purchase as often as every business day, so long as (i) on any such notice date, the closing sale price of the Ordinary Shares is not below the Floor Price (initially set at $1.00 per Ordinary Share, subject to customary adjustments), (ii) shares for all prior regular purchases and alternate purchases have theretofore been received by the Investor in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, and (iii) no current Regular Purchase Measurement Period or Alternate Purchase Measurement Period is running (unless, with respect to regular purchases only, the Company and the Investor mutually agree otherwise in writing). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not deliver a regular purchase or alternate purchase notice to the Investor if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or if any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default, has occurred and is continuing.
In all instances, the Company may not sell Ordinary Shares to the Investor under the Purchase Agreement if it would result in the Investor beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares. Under applicable rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Company, as a Foreign Private Issuer, has elected to follow home country practice and does not require shareholder approval in the event that issuances under the Purchase Agreement exceed twenty (20%) percent or more of the Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement.
Other than as summarized above, there are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Purchase Agreement, and we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Ordinary Shares to Ionic.
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Commitment Shares
In connection with each Regular Purchase and Alternate Purchase, the Company shall issue to Ionic a number of additional Ordinary Shares (the “Commitment Shares”) equal to the product of (x) the number of Ordinary Shares sold to Ionic and (y) 2.5%, as a commitment fee for no additional consideration. Up to 500,000 shares are being registered hereunder as Commitment Shares.
Our Termination Rights
We have the right in our sole discretion, at any time, for any reason, to give notice to Ionic to terminate the Purchase Agreement. However, until the entire $80,000,000 has been drawn under the Purchase Agreement, the prohibition on variable rate transactions, described below, remains in effect.
Events of Default
Events of default under the Purchase Agreement include the following:
| ● | the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is made a part lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order or similar order) or this prospectus is unavailable to the Investor for resale of any or all of the Ordinary Shares issuable under the Purchase Agreement registered hereunder, and such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of ten (10) consecutive business days or for more than an aggregate of thirty (30) business days in any 365-day period; | |
| ● | the suspension of our Ordinary Shares from trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market for a period of one (1) business day, provided that the Company may not direct the Investor to purchase any Ordinary Shares during any such suspension; | |
| ● | the delisting of the Ordinary Shares from the Nasdaq Capital Market, provided, however, that the Ordinary Shares are not immediately thereafter trading on the New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Global Market, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, the NYSE American, or the NYSE Arca (or nationally recognized successor to any of the foregoing); | |
| ● | the failure for any reason by Company or its transfer agent to deliver, as DWAC shares, (i) the pre-settlement purchase shares or the pre-settlement alternate purchase shares (as applicable) to the Investor within two (2) trading days after the regular purchase notice date or alternate purchase notice date (as applicable), (ii) the settlement regular purchase shares or settlement alternate purchase shares (as applicable) to the Investor within two (2) trading days after the Regular Purchase Measurement Period or Alternate Purchase Measurement Period (as applicable), or (iii) the Commitment Shares to which Investor is entitled hereunder in connection with a regular purchase or alternate purchase within two (2) trading days after the Regular Purchase Measurement Period or Alternate Purchase Measurement Period (as applicable); |
| ● | the Company breaches any representation or warranty in any material respect, or breaches any covenant or other term or condition under any Transaction Document (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), and except in the case of a breach of a covenant which is reasonably curable, only if such breach continues for a period of at least three (3) consecutive business days; | |
| ● | if any person commences a proceeding against the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any bankruptcy law for so long as such proceeding is not dismissed; | |
| ● | if the Company is at any time insolvent, or, pursuant to or within the meaning of any bankruptcy law, (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (v) the Company is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due; | |
| ● | a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any bankruptcy law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company or any subsidiary for so long as such order, decree or similar action remains in effect; or | |
| ● | if at any time the Company is not eligible to transfer its Ordinary Shares as DWAC shares. |
In addition to any other rights and remedies under applicable law and the Purchase Agreement, so long as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or if any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default, has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall not deliver to the Investor any regular purchase notice or alternate purchase notice.
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No Short-Selling or Hedging by Ionic
The Investor agrees that beginning on the date of the Purchase Agreement and ending on the date of termination of the Purchase Agreement, the Investor and its agents, representatives and affiliates shall not in any manner whatsoever enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Ordinary Shares (excluding transactions properly marked “short exempt”) or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Ordinary Shares.
Prohibitions on Variable Rate Transactions
There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or RRA other than a prohibition on entering into a “Variable Rate Transaction” as defined in the Purchase Agreement. The Company issued 200,000 Ordinary Shares (which shall constitute Purchase Shares under the Purchase Agreement) to Ionic, in consideration of, among other things, a one-time waiver of the prohibition on Variable Rate Transactions contained in Section 5(m) of the Purchase Agreement, with regard to the Company entering into an at the market offering agreement with H.C. Wainwright on July 15, 2021 and disclosing the same in the prospectus supplement portion of the Company’s registration statement (File No.: 333-257934) on Form F-3 on July 15, 2021.
Dilutive Effect of Performance of the Purchase Agreement on Our Shareholders
All 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares registered in this offering which may be issued or sold by us to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement and RRA are expected to be freely tradable. This is in addition to 6,412,500 Ordinary Shares previously registered for Ionic (Registration Statement No. 333-254060) and 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares registered for Ionic (Registration Statement No. 333-258330). It is anticipated that the Ordinary Shares registered in this offering will be sold over a period of up to 36 months from May 20, 2021. The sale by Ionic of a significant amount of Ordinary Shares registered in this offering at any given time could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of Ordinary Shares to Ionic, if any, will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Ionic all, some or none of the additional Ordinary Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
Issuances of our Ordinary Shares in this offering will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing shareholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing shareholders will be diluted as a result of any such issuance. Although the number of Ordinary Shares that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares owned by our existing shareholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares after any such issuance to Ionic. If and when we do sell Ordinary Shares to Ionic, after Ionic has acquired those shares (and related Commitment Shares and/or Additional Commitment Shares), Ionic may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, issuances to Ionic by us under the Purchase Agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of Ordinary Shares. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of Ordinary Shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with Ionic may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. However, we have the right to control the timing and amount of any additional sales of Ordinary Shares to Ionic and the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion (see subsection entitled Our Termination Rights above).
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Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to direct Ionic to purchase up to $80,000,000 of Ordinary Shares. Depending on the price per share at which we sell our Ordinary Shares to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we may need to sell to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement more Ordinary Shares than are offered under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $80,000,000 total commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If we choose to do so, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act additional Ordinary Shares, which could cause additional substantial dilution to our shareholders. The number of Ordinary Shares ultimately offered for resale by Ionic under this prospectus is dependent upon the number of Ordinary Shares we direct Ionic to purchase under the Purchase Agreement.
The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds we would receive from Ionic from our sale of the remaining $22,000,000 of Ordinary Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:
| Assumed Purchase Price Per Purchase Share (1) | Number of Ordinary Shares to be Issued if Full Purchase (2) | Percentage of Outstanding Ordinary Shares After Giving Effect to the Issuance to Ionic (3) | Proceeds from the Sale of Ordinary Shares to Ionic Under the Purchase Agreement | |||||||||||
| $ | 1.43 | (4) | 15,762,838 | 16.0 | % | 22,000,000 | ||||||||
| $ | 1.45 | (5) | 15,551,224 | 15.9 | % | $ | 22,000,000 | |||||||
| $ | 1.50 | 15,053,606 | 15.4 | % | $ | 22,000,000 | ||||||||
| $ | 2.00 | 11,275,000 | 12.0 | % | $ | 22,000,000 | ||||||||
| $ | 2.50 | 9,020,000 | 9.9 | % | $ | 22,000,000 | ||||||||
| (1) | For the avoidance of any doubt, this price would reflect the Regular Purchase Price or Alternate Purchase Price after calculation (i.e., after discounts to the market price of our shares) in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement. |
| (2) | We are registering up to 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares which are issuable pursuant to the Purchase Agreement which represents: (i) 19,500,000 shares which may be issued and sold to Ionic in the future under the Purchase Agreement for cash if and when we sell Purchase Shares to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement; and (ii) up to 500,000 (2.5% of total number of shares sold for cash) shares for no consideration as Commitment Shares which may be issued to Ionic in the future for no consideration, and which may or may not cover all the Purchase Shares we ultimately sell to Ionic under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the purchase price per Purchase Share. As a result, we have included in this column only those Ordinary Shares that we are registering under this prospectus, without regard for the beneficial ownership cap of 4.99%. |
| (3) | The denominator is based on 82,448,907 shares outstanding as of September 1, 2022, adjusted to include the issuance of the number of Ordinary Shares set forth in the adjacent column which we would have issued to Ionic based on the applicable assumed average purchase price per Purchase Share. |
| (4) | The Regular Purchase Price calculated as of September 7, 2022. |
| (5) | The closing sale price of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market on August 31, 2022. |
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The sale of our Ordinary Shares to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will have a dilutive impact on our shareholders. In addition, the lower our Ordinary Share price is at the time we exercise our right to sell shares to Ionic, the more Ordinary Shares we will have to issue to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and our existing shareholders would experience greater dilution.
Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2022 was approximately $145,017,310 or $1.76 per Ordinary Share. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our total tangible assets, less total liabilities, by the number of Ordinary Shares (82,420,171) outstanding as of June 30, 2022. Dilution with respect to net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by Ionic to us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and the net tangible book value per Ordinary Share immediately after such issuances to Ionic.
After giving further effect to the issuance of 371,622, Ordinary Shares as Commitment Shares for no consideration and the sale of 14,864,865 Ordinary Shares as Purchase Shares to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement at an assumed average sale price of $1.48 per Ordinary Share, the last reported sale price of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market on August 31, 2022, divided by the Regular Purchase Price (assumed at $1.43 per share), however limited to gross proceeds of $22,000,000 and after deducting estimated offering expenses of $30,000 payable by us, our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2022 would have been approximately $1.71 per share based on 97,656,658 shares issued and outstanding after the offering. This represents an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $0.05 per share to existing shareholders and an increase of $0.23 per Ordinary Share of as-adjusted net tangible book value to new shareholders based on the assumed average sale price of $1.48 per Ordinary Share.
To the extent that other shares are issued, investors purchasing our Ordinary Shares in this offering may experience further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our shareholders.
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The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2022:
| ● | on an actual basis; and | |
| ● | on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the Ordinary Shares by us in this offering at an assumed average sale price of $1.48 per Ordinary Share, however, limited to $22,000,000, less $30,000 of the estimated offering expenses payable by us. | |
The information below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the audited consolidated financial statements and schedules and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the financial year ended December 31, 2021, and our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 included in our Form 6-K filed on August 30, 2022, each as incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
| As of June 30, 2022 | ||||||||
| Actual | As Adjusted | |||||||
| Shareholder’s equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred shares, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 and nil shares authorized, 1,000,000 and nil shares issued and outstanding of June 30, 2022 and as adjusted | $ | 9,050,000 | $ | 9,050,000 | ||||
| Ordinary Shares, $0.01 par value, 340,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized and 82,420,171 and 97,656,658 shares, respectively, issued and outstanding and as adjusted for the offering | $ | 824,202 | $ | 976,567 | ||||
| Treasury stock, at cost, 129,986 and 115,514 shares as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively | (1,171,679 | ) | (1,171,679 | ) | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 211,441,705 | 233,259,340 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (48,181,008 | ) | (48,181,008 | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 171,963,220 | $ | 193,933,220 | ||||
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 178,965,220 | $ | 200,935,220 | ||||
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This prospectus relates to the possible resale by the Selling Shareholder of up to 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares that may be issued to Ionic pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. For additional information regarding these transactions, see “Prospectus Summary - Selling Shareholder Transactions” above, as well as “The Ionic Purchase Agreement Transaction” above. We are registering Ordinary Shares in order to permit the Selling Shareholder to offer such shares for resale from time to time.
Except for the ownership of the shares offered hereby pursuant to the transactions summarized herein, the Selling Shareholder has not held a position or office or had any material relationship with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates.
The Selling Shareholder may sell some, all, or none of its Ordinary Shares being registered hereunder. We do not know how long the Selling Shareholder will hold its Ordinary Shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with the Selling Shareholder regarding the resale of any of the Ordinary Shares being registered hereunder. The following table assumes that all shares will be sold by the Selling Shareholder and no other shares will be held after the offering.
The following table presents information regarding the Selling Shareholder and the number of Ordinary Shares that it may offer and sell from time to time under this prospectus. The table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Shareholder and reflects their holdings as of September 1, 2022. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act.
| Selling Shareholder | Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Before this Offering (2) | Percentage of Outstanding Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Before this Offering (3) | Ordinary Shares to be Sold in this Offering Assuming the Company issues the Maximum Number of Ordinary Shares Under the Purchase Agreement (4) | Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering | ||||||||||||
| Ionic Ventures, LLC (1) | 310,000 | * | 20,000,000 | 310,000 | (5) | |||||||||||
| * | Less than 1% of the issued and outstanding Shares. |
| (1) | Ionic Ventures, LLC (“Ionic”) is the record and beneficial owner of the securities set forth in the table. Brendan O’Neil and Keith Coulston are the managers of Ionic and in such capacity have joint voting and dispositive power over shares held by Ionic. Mr. O’Neil and Mr. Coulston each disclaim beneficial ownership of the reported securities except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. Ionic Ventures, LLC is not a licensed broker dealer or an affiliate of a licensed broker dealer. The address of Ionic Ventures, LLC is 3053 Fillmore Street, Ste. 256, San Francisco, CA 94123. |
| (2) | We have excluded from the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned prior to the offering: all of the Ordinary Shares that Ionic may be required to purchase under the Purchase Agreement, because the issuance and sale of such Ordinary Shares to Ionic is solely at our discretion and is subject to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement that are outside of Ionic’s control, including the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part being declared effective by the SEC. |
| (3) | Based on 82,448,907 outstanding Ordinary Shares as of September 1, 2022. |
| (4) | Includes 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares that may be issued to Ionic Ventures pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. |
| (5) | Assumes all shares registered hereunder will be sold by the Selling Shareholder in this offering. |
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The Ordinary Shares listed in the table appearing under “Selling Shareholder” are being registered to permit the resale of Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder from time to time after the date of this prospectus. There can be no assurance that the Selling Shareholder will sell any or all of the Ordinary Shares offered hereby. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder.
The Selling Shareholder may sell all or a portion of the Ordinary Shares offered hereby from time to time directly to purchasers or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such market prices, at a fixed price or prices subject to change or at negotiated prices, by a variety of methods including the following:
| ● | on any national securities exchange or over-the-counter market on which the Ordinary Shares may be listed or quoted at the time of sale; | |
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; | |
| ● | block trades in which a broker-dealer may attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; | |
| ● | purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and a subsequent resale by the broker-dealer for its account; | |
| ● | in “at the market” offerings to or through market makers into an existing market for Ordinary Shares; | |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; | |
| ● | privately negotiated transactions; | |
| ● | in transactions otherwise than on such exchanges or in the over-the-counter market; | |
| ● | through a combination of any such methods; or | |
| ● | through any other method permitted under applicable law. |
We will pay the expenses incident to the registration and offering of the Ordinary Shares offered hereby. We have agreed to indemnify the Selling Shareholder and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of shares offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Ionic has agreed to indemnify us against liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from certain written information furnished to us by Ionic specifically for use in this prospectus or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities.
Ionic has represented to us that at no time prior to the Purchase Agreement has Ionic or its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of our Ionic or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to our Ordinary Shares. Ionic agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, it, its agents, representatives or affiliates will not enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any of the foregoing transactions.
We have advised the Selling Shareholder that it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes a selling shareholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus.
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Ionic has informed us that it intends to use an unaffiliated broker-dealer to effectuate all sales, if any, of the common stock that it may purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Such sales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price. Each such unaffiliated broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Ionic has informed us that each such broker-dealer will receive commissions from Ionic that will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.
The Selling Shareholder may also sell Ordinary Shares under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
In effecting sales, brokers-dealers engaged by the Selling Shareholder may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate. If the Selling Shareholder effects such transactions by selling Ordinary Shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Shareholder or commissions from purchasers of Ordinary Shares for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal. Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent. The compensation paid to a particular broker-dealer may be less than or in excess of customary commissions. Neither we nor Ionic can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive.
Ionic is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Any underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents that participate in such distribution may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts, commissions or concessions received by any underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents might be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any Selling Shareholder who is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act and the provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder relating to stock manipulation.
In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, Ordinary Shares sold in those jurisdictions may only be sold through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states, Ordinary Shares may not be sold unless the Ordinary Shares have been registered or qualified for sale in that state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.
The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the Ordinary Shares and preferred shares to which any prospectus supplement may relate.
In this “Description of Share Capital” section, when we refer to “we,” “us” or “our” or when we otherwise refer to ourselves, we mean Bit Digital, Inc., excluding, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context requires, our subsidiaries.
General
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below and by the common law of the Cayman Islands.
At our Annual General Meeting held on April 20, 2021, our shareholders resolved to amend and restate our memorandum and articles of association to create a new class of 10,000,000 authorized preferred shares and to make a number of changes to the description of Cayman Island laws. We further amended our authorized share capital on September 8, 2021, following an extraordinary general meeting on the same date, to increase the total authorized share capital to US$3,500,000.
Our authorized share capital is 350,000,000 shares consisting of 340,000,000 Ordinary Shares, par value $0.01 per share and 10,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.01 per share. As of September 1, 2022, there were 82,448,907 Ordinary Shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares issued and outstanding, with 50 votes per preferred share.
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Ordinary Shares
Dividends. Subject to any rights and restrictions of any other class or series of shares, our board of directors may, from time to time, declare dividends on the shares issued and authorize payment of the dividends out of our lawfully available funds under Cayman Islands laws. No dividends shall be declared by the board of our Company except out of:
| ● | profits; or | |
| ● | “share premium account,” which represents the excess of the price paid to our Company on issue of its shares over the par or “nominal” value of those shares, which is similar to the U.S. concept of additional paid in capital. |
Voting Rights. The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to one vote per share, including for the election of directors. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. On a show of hands, every shareholder present in person or by proxy shall have one vote. On a poll, every shareholder entitled to vote (in person or by proxy) shall have one vote for each share for which he is the holder. A poll may be demanded by the chairman or one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy holding not less than fifteen percent of the paid-up capital of the Company entitled to vote. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of shareholders who hold at least one-third of our outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting present in person or by proxy. While not required by our articles of association, a proxy form will accompany any notice of general meeting convened by the directors to facilitate the ability of shareholders to vote by proxy
Any ordinary resolution to be made by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes of the Ordinary Shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes of the Ordinary Shares cast. Under Cayman Islands law, some matters, such as amending the memorandum and articles, changing the name or resolving to be registered by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands, require approval of shareholders by a special resolution.
There are no limitations on non-residents or foreign shareholders in the memorandum and articles to hold or exercise voting rights on the Ordinary Shares imposed by foreign law or by the constituent documents of our company. However, no person will be entitled to vote at any general meeting or at any separate meeting of the holders of the Ordinary Shares unless the person is registered as of the record date for such meeting and unless all calls or other sums presently payable by the person in respect of Ordinary Shares in the Company have been paid.
Winding up; Liquidation. Upon the winding up of our company, after the full amount that holders of any issued shares ranking senior to the Ordinary Shares as to distribution on liquidation or winding up are entitled to receive has been paid or set aside for payment, the holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive any remaining assets of the Company available for distribution as determined by the liquidator. The assets received by the holders of our Ordinary Shares in a liquidation may consist in whole or in part of property, which is not required to be of the same kind for all shareholders.
Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. Any Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
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Redemption of Ordinary Shares. We may, subject to obtaining the necessary approvals under our memorandum and articles of association, issue shares that are, or at our option or at the option of the holders are, subject to redemption on such terms and in such manner as we may, before the issue of the shares, determine. Under the Companies Act, shares of a Cayman Islands exempted company may be redeemed or repurchased out of profits of the company, out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for that purpose or out of capital, provided the memorandum and articles of association authorize this ( and any necessary approvals thereunder are duly obtained) and the company has the ability to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
No Preemptive Rights. Holders of Ordinary Shares do not have preemptive or preferential right to purchase any securities of our company.
Variation of Rights Attaching to Shares. If at any time the share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attaching to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, subject to the memorandum and articles of association, be varied or abrogated with the consent in writing of the holders of three fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our current memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; | |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; | |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; | |
| ● | may issue shares with no par value; | |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); | |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; | |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and | |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company.
Listing
The Company’s Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BTBT.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our Ordinary Shares is TranShare Securities Transfer & Registrar, whose address is Bayside Center 1, 17755 North U.S. Highway 19, Suite 140, Clearwater, Florida 33764.
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Preferred Shares
The Board is empowered to designate and issue from time to time one or more classes or series of Preferred Shares and to fix and determine the relative rights, preferences, designations, qualifications, privileges, options, conversion rights, limitations and other special or relative rights of each such class or series so authorized. Such action could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the Company’s Ordinary Shares or could have the effect of discouraging or making difficult any attempt by a person or group to obtain control of the Company.
At the Company’s Annual General Meeting held on April 20, 2021, the Company’s shareholders authorized a new class of 1,000,000 preferred shares which entitle the holders thereof to (a) receive when, if and as paid or declared by the directors, prior and in preference to any declaration or payment of any dividend on the Ordinary Shares, dividends at the annual rate of eight (8%) percent of the original purchase price per preference share, as adjusted for any share combinations or subdivisions, bonus issues and similar recapitalization events; (b) a liquidation preference; (c) conversion into Ordinary Shares on a 1:1 basis, subject to a 4.99% conversion limitation; and (d) enhanced voting rights for all matters requiring the votes of shareholders by a poll or a proxy of fifty (50) votes for each preferred share. These preferred shares were issued to our Chairman, Zhaohui Deng (700,000 shares) and our Chief Financial Officer, Erke Huang (300,000 shares) in order to enable them to carry out our business strategy.
Provisions in Corporate Law
The Companies Act is modeled after that of English law but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. A merger of two or more constituent companies under Cayman Islands law requires a plan of merger or consolidation to be approved by the directors of each constituent company and authorization by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association.
A merger between a Cayman Islands parent company and its Cayman Islands subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman Islands subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman Islands subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a subsidiary is a company of which at least ninety percent (90%) of the issued shares entitled to vote are owned by the parent company.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Except in certain circumstances, a dissenting shareholder of a Cayman constituent company is entitled to payment of the fair value of such dissenting shareholder’s shares upon dissenting to a merger or consolidation. The exercise of appraisal rights will preclude the exercise of any other rights save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
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In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; | |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; | |
| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and | |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, there are exceptions to the foregoing principle, including when:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires; | |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and | |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our current memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from the willful neglect or default of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our current memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation and its shareholders. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director owes three types of duties to the company: (i) statutory duties, (ii) fiduciary duties, and (iii) common law duties. The Companies Act imposes a number of statutory duties on a director. A Cayman Islands director’s fiduciary duties are not codified; however the courts of the Cayman Islands have held that a director owes the following fiduciary duties: (a) a duty to act in what the director bona fide considers to be in the best interests of the company, (b) a duty to exercise their powers for the purposes they were conferred, (c) a duty to avoid fettering his or her discretion in the future and (d) a duty to avoid conflicts of interest and of duty. The common law duties owed by a director are those to act with skill, care and diligence that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and, also, to act with the skill, care and diligence in keeping with a standard of care commensurate with any particular skill they have which enables them to meet a higher standard than a director without those skills. In fulfilling their duty of care, directors must ensure compliance with our articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. We have the right to seek damages where certain duties owed by any of our directors are breached.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our current articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
Cayman Islands law does not provide shareholders any right to put proposals before a meeting or requisition a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in articles of association. Our current articles of association allow our shareholders holding not less than one-third of all voting power of our share capital in issue to requisition a shareholder’s meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our current articles of association do not provide our shareholders other right to put proposal before a meeting. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands, but our current articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our current articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.
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Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they come due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up of a company in a number of specified circumstances, including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act and our current articles of association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our current articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the written consent of the holders of three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by not less than three-fourths of such holders of the shares of that class as may be present at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by Cayman Islands law, our current memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our post-offering amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our current memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
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Share Options/Restricted Stock Units
The Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on April 20, 2021. An aggregate of 2,415,293 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) were granted under the 2021 Plan and no Ordinary Shares remain reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan. There are 5,000,000 Ordinary Shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2021 Second Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Second Plan’), with 35,000 RSUs and 355,000 stock options granted as of the date of this prospectus.
The 2021 Second Plan allows the Company to grant incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, warrants and stock units. The incentive stock options are exercisable for up to ten years, at an option price per share not less than the fair market value on the date the option is granted. The incentive stock options are limited to persons who are regular full-time employees of the Company at the date of the grant of the option. Non-qualified options may be granted to any person, including, but not limited to, employees, independent agents, consultants and attorneys, who the Company’s Board believes have contributed, or will contribute, to the success of the Company. Non-qualified options may be issued at option prices of less than fair market value on the date of grant and may be exercisable for up to ten years from date of grant. The option vesting schedule for options granted is determined by the Board of Directors at the time of the grant. The 2021 Second Plan provides for accelerated vesting of unvested options if there is a change in control, as defined in the 2021 Second Plan.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
As of September 1, 2022, we had 82,448,907 Ordinary Shares outstanding. Of this amount, approximately 8,504,710 Ordinary Shares held by existing shareholders are deemed “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 and may not be resold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from registration, including Rule 144. As of the date of this prospectus, approximately 8,259,612 Ordinary Shares are currently eligible for sale, subject to the limitations of Rule 144.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144, a person who is not our affiliate and has not been our affiliate at any time during the preceding three months will be entitled to sell any shares of our share capital that such person has held for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, without regard to volume limitations. Sales of our share capital by any such person would be subject to the availability of current public information about us if the shares to be sold were held by such person for less than one year.
In addition, under Rule 144, a person may sell shares of our share capital acquired from us immediately upon the completion of this offering, without regard to volume limitations or the availability of public information about us, if:
| ● | the person is not our affiliate and has not been our affiliate at any time during the preceding three months; | |
| ● | and the person has beneficially owned the shares to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates. |
Our affiliates who have beneficially owned shares of our share capital for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than another of our affiliates, would be entitled to sell within any three-month period those shares and any other shares they have acquired that are not restricted securities, provided that the aggregate number of shares sold does not exceed the greater of:
| ● | 1% of the number of shares of our authorized share capital then outstanding, which will equal approximately 824,489 Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus; or |
| ● | the average weekly trading volume in our Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale. |
Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates are generally subject to the availability of current public information about us, as well as certain “manner of sale” and notice requirements.
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The following discussion of material Cayman Islands, PRC and United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our Ordinary Shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our Ordinary Shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. To the extent that the discussion relates to matters of Cayman Islands tax law, it represents the opinion of Ogier, our Cayman Islands counsel. To the extent that the discussion relates to matters of PRC tax law, it represents the opinion of Tian Yuan Law Firm, our PRC counsel. To the extent the discussion relates to the matters of U.S. tax law, it represents the opinion of Davidoff Hutcher & Citron LLP.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands that are likely to be material to holders of Ordinary Shares. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
People’s Republic of China Taxation
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress promulgated the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, which was amended on February 24, 2017 and December 29, 2018. On December 6, 2007, the State Council enacted the Regulations for the Implementation of the EIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and was amended on April 23, 2019. Under the EIT Law and the relevant implementation regulations, both resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises are subject to tax in China. Resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are established in China in accordance with PRC laws, or that are established in accordance with the laws of foreign countries but are actually or in effect controlled from within China. Non-resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are organized under the laws of foreign countries and whose actual management is conducted outside China, but have established institutions or premises in China, or have no such established institutions or premises but have income generated from inside China. Under the EIT Law and Implementation Rules, a uniform corporate income tax rate of 25% is applied. However, if nonresident enterprises have not formed permanent establishments or premises in China, or if they have formed permanent establishment or premises in China but there is no actual relationship between the relevant income derived in China and the established institutions or premises set up by them, enterprise income tax is set at the rate of 10% with respect to their income sourced from inside the PRC.
Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income as well as tax reporting obligations. Under the Implementation Rules, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and properties of an enterprise. In addition, SAT Circular 82 issued in April 2009 specifies that certain offshore-incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if all of the following conditions are met: (a) senior management personnel and core management departments in charge of the daily operations of the enterprises have their presence mainly in the PRC; (b) their financial and human resources decisions are subject to determination or approval by persons or bodies in the PRC; (c) major assets, accounting books and company seals of the enterprises, and minutes and files of their board’s and shareholders’ meetings are located or kept in the PRC; and (d) half or more of the enterprises’ directors or senior management personnel with voting rights habitually reside in the PRC. Further to SAT Circular 82, the SAT issued SAT Bulletin 45, which took effect in September 2011, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82. SAT Bulletin 45 provides for procedures and administration details of determination on PRC resident enterprise status and administration on post-determination matters. If the PRC tax authorities determine that the Company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. For example, we or our subsidiaries outside of China may be subject to enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% with respect to its worldwide taxable income. Also, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC enterprise shareholders from transferring our shares or Ordinary Shares and potentially a 20% of withholding tax would be imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC individual shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC individual shareholders from transferring our shares or Ordinary Shares.
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It is unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our shares or Ordinary Shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas. See “Risk Factors – Risk Factors Relating to Doing Business in China – Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Such classification would likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC Shareholders and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment”.
Under SAT Circular 7, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, or the transferee or the PRC entity which directly owned such taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of up to 10%. for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. We and our non-PRC resident investors may be at risk of being required to file a return and being taxed under SAT Circular 7, and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Circular 7, or to establish that we should not be taxed thereunder. See “Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Doing Business in China – We face uncertainty regarding the PRC tax reporting obligations and consequences for certain indirect transfers of our operating company’s equity interests. Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.”
Pursuant to the EIT Law and its implementation rules, if a non-resident enterprise has not set up an organization or establishment in the PRC, or has set up an organization or establishment but the income derived has no actual connection with such organization or establishment, it will be subject to a withholding tax on its PRC-sourced income at a rate of 10%.
Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Tax Arrangement, where a Hong Kong resident enterprise which is considered a non-PRC tax resident enterprise directly holds at least 25% of a PRC enterprise, the withholding tax rate in respect of the payment of dividends by such PRC enterprise to such Hong Kong resident enterprise is reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10%, subject to approval of the PRC local tax authority. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or Circular 81, a resident enterprise of the counter-party to such Tax Arrangement should meet the following conditions, among others, in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax under the Tax Arrangement: (i) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in such PRC resident enterprise; and (ii) it should directly own such percentage in the PRC resident enterprise anytime in the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends.
In October 2019, the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Issuing the Administrative Measures for Entitlement to Treaty Benefits for Non-resident Taxpayers or Circular 35, which became effective on January1, 2020. Circular 35 provides that non-resident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax rate. Instead, non-resident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. However, according to Circular 81, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements we have are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Besides, according to Circular 35, where we and our withholding agents both fail to provide relevant materials as required by tax authorities, or evade, refuse or obstruct the follow-up investigations carried out by tax authorities, rendering it impossible for tax authorities to verify whether we met the conditions for entitlement to treaty benefits, it shall be deemed as we not meeting the conditions for entitlement to treaty benefits. In such case, we will be required to pay back the tax deducted.
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United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a discussion of United States federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Ordinary Shares by a U.S. Holder, as defined below, that acquires our Ordinary Shares in this offering and holds our Ordinary Shares as “capital assets” under Section 1221 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This discussion is based upon existing United States federal income tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. No ruling has been sought from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to any United States federal income tax consequences described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position.
This discussion does not address any tax laws other than the United States federal income tax laws, including any state, local, alternative minimum tax, non-United States tax considerations or the Net Investment Income Tax (the “NIIT”). The discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders that purchase Ordinary Shares in this offering and potential investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors about the application of the U.S. federal income tax rules to their particular circumstances, as well as the state, local, foreign and other tax potential consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares.
Finally, this discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special tax rules (such as, for example, certain financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect mark-to-market treatment, partnerships and their partners, tax-exempt organizations (including private foundations), investors who are not U.S. Holders, investors that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of our voting stock, investors that hold their Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction), or investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our Ordinary Shares that is, for United States federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the laws of, the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership may vary depending on the status of the partner (e.g., resident or nonresident alien) and whether the activities of the partnership are based from the U.S. Partnerships and partners of a partnership holding our Ordinary Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in our Ordinary Shares.
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Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Ordinary Shares
Subject to the Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) rules discussed below, the gross amount of distributions made by us to you with respect to the Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). With respect to corporate U.S. Holders, the dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends are currently taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Because there is no income tax treaty between the United States and the Cayman Islands, clause (1) above can be satisfied only if the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Under U.S. Internal Revenue Service authority, Ordinary Shares are considered for purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on Nasdaq. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our Ordinary Shares, in light of your own particular circumstances.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your adjusted tax basis in your Ordinary Shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your adjusted tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain income. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain income under the rules described above.
Taxation of Dispositions of Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of a share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the Ordinary Share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the Ordinary Share. The character of the gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the Ordinary Shares for more than one year, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on any such capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder from the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares will generally be gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC)
Only U.S. persons are affected by the PFIC rules. A U.S. person includes a U.S. citizen, U.S. green card holder and U.S. resident.
A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:
| ● | at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income (the “income test”); or | |
| ● | at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). |
Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In determining the value and composition of our assets for purposes of the PFIC asset test, the value of our assets must be determined based on the market value of our Ordinary Shares from time to time, which could cause the value of our non-passive assets to be less than 50% of the value of all of our assets on any particular quarterly testing date for purposes of the PFIC asset test.
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We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. Whether we are a PFIC for 2022 or any future taxable year is uncertain because, among other things, the treatment of cryptocurrency such as bitcoin for purposes of the PFIC rules is unclear. Even if we determine that we are not a PFIC for a taxable year, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our conclusion and that the IRS would not successfully challenge our position. Our status as a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis. Accordingly, we express no opinion with respect to our PFIC status and also express no opinion with regard to our expectations regarding our PFIC status. Given this uncertainty, prospective U.S. Holders contemplating an investment in the Ordinary Shares may want to assume that we are a PFIC and are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding our PFIC status and the resulting U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor in light of their own particular circumstances.
If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold Ordinary Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Ordinary Shares. However, if we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to the Ordinary Shares.
If we are a PFIC for your taxable year(s) during which you hold Ordinary Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the Ordinary Shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Ordinary Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Ordinary Shares; | |
| ● | the amount allocated to your current taxable year, and any amount allocated to any of your taxable year(s) prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and | |
| ● | the amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year, and an interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the Ordinary Shares as capital assets.
A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for the first taxable year which you hold (or are deemed to hold) Ordinary Shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted tax basis in such Ordinary Shares, which excess will be treated as ordinary income and not capital gain income. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, such ordinary loss is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Ordinary Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Ordinary Shares. Your tax basis in the Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts recognized.
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The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock”, which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market (as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations), including Nasdaq. If the Ordinary Shares are regularly traded on Nasdaq and if you are a holder of Ordinary Shares, the mark-to-market election would be available to you if we are held to be a PFIC.
A mark-to-market election will not apply to Ordinary Shares for any taxable year during which we are not a PFIC, but will remain in effect with respect to any subsequent taxable year in which we become a PFIC. Such election will not apply to any non-U.S. subsidiaries that we may organize or acquire in the future. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to tax under the PFIC excess distribution regime with respect to any lower-tier PFICs that we organize or acquire in the future notwithstanding the U.S. Holder’s mark-to-market election for the Ordinary Shares.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” (QEF) election with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid QEF election with respect to a PFIC (on IRS Form 8621) will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the QEF election is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a QEF election. If you hold Ordinary Shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 in each such year and provide certain annual information regarding such Ordinary Shares, including regarding distributions received on the Ordinary Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the Ordinary Shares.
If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if we were a PFIC at any time during the period you hold our Ordinary Shares, then such Ordinary Shares will continue to be treated as stock of a PFIC with respect to you even if we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging election” for the year we cease to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such Ordinary Shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new tax basis (equal to the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC) and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your Ordinary Shares for tax purposes.
You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Ordinary Shares and the possible elections discussed above.
Receipt of Foreign Currency
The gross amount of any payment in a currency other than U.S. dollars will be included by each U.S. Holder in income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day such U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives the payment in accordance with its regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of the payment, the U.S. Holder is not generally required to recognize any foreign currency gain or loss with respect to the receipt of foreign currency. If, instead, the foreign currency is converted at a later date, any foreign currency gains or losses resulting from the conversion of the foreign currency is generally treated as U.S. source ordinary income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own U.S. tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)
In addition to regular income tax, U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year or (2) the excess of the U.S. Holder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold. A U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, dividends and net gains from disposition of investment property (other than property held in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business). Accordingly, dividends on and capital gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares may be subject to the NIIT. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the NIIT.
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Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Dividend payments with respect to our Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding (under IRC Sec. 3406) at a current flat rate of 24%. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who (i) furnishes a correct federal taxpayer identification number (FEIN) or (ii) who claims an exemption from backup withholding on IRS Form W-9. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability (if any), and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information. Unless otherwise required, we do not intend to withhold taxes from distributions made to shareholders. However, transactions effected through certain brokers or other intermediaries may be subject to withholding taxes (including backup withholding), and such brokers or intermediaries may be required by law to withhold such taxes.
Certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to our Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a completed Internal IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold Ordinary Shares. U.S. Holders should also be aware that if the Company were deemed a PFIC, they would generally be required to file IRS Form 8621, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investments Company or Qualified Electing Fund, during any taxable year in which such U.S. Holder recognizes gain or receives an excess distribution or with respect to which the U.S. Holder has made certain elections.
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to the Ordinary Shares and their particular circumstances.
Permanent Establishment and Potential U.S. Corporate Tax
Although the Company is strictly a holding company without trade or business operations, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not deem the Company to have a Permanent Establishment (“PE”) in the U.S. and, therefore, be subject to a U.S. corporate income tax notwithstanding the business operations in the U.S. are conducted by the Company’s wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary. Whether or not a foreign enterprise has a PE in the U.S. is based upon specific facts and circumstances and many times addressed in double taxation treaties – which do not exist between the U.S. and Cayman Islands where the Company is formed. However, notwithstanding the lack of a tax treaty with the U.S., the Company does not believe it has established a PE which, generally, would mean: (i) there is a fixed place of business in the U.S. in which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on, or (ii) a dependent agent acting on behalf of an enterprise that has, and habitually exercises, the authority to conclude contracts binding on the enterprise.
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential adverse effects that would arise from a finding that the Company was found to have established a PE in the United States.
EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN ORDINARY SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTOR’S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.
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EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING
Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses that we expect to incur in connection with this offering. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, filing fee and the Nasdaq listing fee, all amounts are estimates.
| SEC registration fee | $ | 2,966.40 | ||
| Lega1 fees and expenses | 20,000.00 | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | 5,000.00 | |||
| Miscellaneous | 2,033.60 | |||
| Total | $ | 30,000.00 |
The Company is being represented by Davidoff Hutcher & Citron LLP, with respect to legal matters of United States federal securities law. The validity of the Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus and legal matters as to Cayman Islands law will be passed upon for us by Ogier. The Company is being represented by Tian Yuan Law Firm with regard to PRC law. Davidoff Hutcher & Citron LLP may rely upon Tian Yuan Law Firm with respect to matters governed by PRC law.
The financial statements and the related financial statement schedule, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, have been audited Audit Alliance LLP and for the year ended December 31, 2019, have been audited by JLKZ CPA LLP, independent registered public accounting firms, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firms given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
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20,000,000 Ordinary Shares
BIT DIGITAL, INC.
________________________, 2022
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED
IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
(A) The registrant’s authority to indemnify its officers and directors is governed by the provisions of the registrant’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
(B) The Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the registrant provides as follows:
Every Director and officer for the time being of the Company or any trustee for the time being acting in relation to the affairs of the Company and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, personal representatives or successors or assigns shall, in the absence of willful neglect or default, be indemnified by the Company against, and it shall be the duty of the Directors out of the funds and other assets of the Company to pay, all costs, losses, damages and expenses, including travelling expenses, which any such Director, officer or trustee may incur or become liable in respect of by reason of any contract entered into, or act or thing done by him as such Director, officer or trustee or in any way in or about the execution of his duties and the amount for which such indemnity is provided shall immediately attach as a lien on the property of the Company and have priority as between the Members over all other claims. No such Director, officer or trustee shall be liable or answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other Director, officer or trustee or for joining in any receipt or other act for conformity or for any loss or expense happening to the Company through the insufficiency or deficiency of any security in or upon which any of the monies of the Company which shall be invested or for any loss of the monies of the Company which shall be invested on for any loss or damage arising from the bankruptcy, insolvency or tortious act of any person with whom any monies, securities or effects shall be deposited, or for any other loss, damage or misfortune whatsoever which shall happen in or about the execution of the duties of his respective office or trust or in relation thereto unless the same happens through his own willful neglect or default.
(C) The Board of Directors of the registrant authorized the registrant to enter into indemnity agreements with officers and directors of the registrant when and as determined by the Board of Directors. Pursuant to the foregoing authority, the registrant has entered into indemnity agreements with each of its directors and certain of its officers.
The indemnity agreements obligate the registrant to provide the maximum protection allowed under the BCL. The indemnity agreements supplement and increase the protection afforded to officers and directors under the Certificate of Incorporation in the following respects:
1. (a) The Indemnification Agreements entered into with Bryan Bullett and Sam Tabar (the “Indemnitees”) dated as of March 31, 2021 in connection with their Employment Agreements and the Indemnification Agreement entered into with Percival Services, LLC for the services of Brock Pierce as a director of the Company provide for a supplement to and in furtherance of the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association. The Indemnitees did not regard the protection available under the organizational documents of the Company and any insurance policies maintained by the Company to be adequate.
(b) The Indemnitees shall be entitled to indemnification if the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding (as defined) other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company. The Indemnitees shall be indemnified against all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him, or on his behalf, in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitees reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful.
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(c) The Indemnitees shall be entitled to indemnification if the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company, provided the Indemnitees acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company; provided, however, that if applicable law so provides, no indemnification against such Expenses shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which Indemnitees shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction shall determine that such indemnification may be made.
(d) To the extent that an Indemnitee is a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any proceeding, he shall be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by law, as such may be amended from time to time, against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him, or on his behalf, in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him, or on his behalf, in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter.
(e) Whether or not indemnification is available, in respect of any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), the Company shall pay, in the first instance, the entire amount of any judgment or settlement of such Proceeding without requiring Indemnitee to contribute to such payment and the Company waived and relinquished any right of contribution it may have against Indemnitee.
(f) All agreements and obligations of the Company contained in the Agreement shall continue until the date that is ten (10) years after the date upon which Indemnitee’s corporate status terminates and shall continue thereafter so long as Indemnitee shall be subject to any Proceeding.
(g) The Indemnitee provided certain consulting services to the Company prior to his employment by the Company pursuant to an agreement dated February 1, 2021 between the Company and Wellington Park Inc. (“Wellington”), a company owned by Indemnitee. To further induce Indemnitee to accept employment with the Company, the Company agrees that the terms of the Indemnification Agreement shall apply to Wellington as if Wellington were also the “Indemnitee” under such Agreement.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to officers and directors pursuant to the provisions described above or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
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Item 9. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
| (a) | Exhibits |
The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement:
| * | Filed with this registration statement. |
| ** | Previously filed with this registration statement. |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for September 2020 filed on September 14, 2020. |
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| (2) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form F-1 Registration Statement filed on December 22, 2017. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for September 2020 filed on October 31, 2019. |
| (4) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for November 2020 filed on November 10, 2020. |
| (5) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for January 2021 filed on January 12, 2021. |
| (6) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for May 2021 filed on May 18, 2021. |
| (7) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed on July 29, 2020. |
| (8) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for April 2020 filed on April 24, 2020. |
| (9) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form F-1 Registration Statement filed on March 10, 2021. |
| (10) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form F-3 Registration Statement filed on August 30, 2021. |
| (11) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for May 2021 filed on May 27, 2021. |
| (12) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for August 2021 filed on August 16, 2021. |
| (13) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for May 2021 filed on May 18, 2021. |
| (14) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on June 11, 2021. |
| (15) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for September 2021 filed on September 30, 2021. |
| (16) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for August 2021 filed on August 31, 2021. |
| (17) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for October 2021 filed on October 18, 2021. |
| (18) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 15, 2022. |
| (19) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 filed on July 15, 2021. |
| (20) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 6-K for September 2020 filed on September 14, 2020. |
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Item 10. Undertakings
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; | |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; | |
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)1(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of above do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-8, and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(A) Each prospectus filed the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
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(5) For determining liability of the undersigned registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 (§230.424 of this chapter);
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this amendment to registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in New York, New York, on September 8, 2022.
| BIT DIGITAL, INC. | |||
| By: | /s/ Bryan Bullett | ||
| By: | Bryan Bullett | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
| SIGNATURE | TITLE | DATE | ||
| /s/ Bryan Bullett | Chief Executive Officer | September 8, 2022 | ||
| Bryan Bullett | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Erke Huang | Chief Financial Officer | September 8, 2022 | ||
| Erke Huang | (Principal Financial Officer and | |||
| Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||
| */s/ Zhaohui Deng | Director | September 8, 2022 | ||
| Zhaohui Deng | ||||
| /s/ Erke Huang | Director | September 8, 2022 | ||
| Erke Huang | ||||
| *Ichi Shih | Director | September 8, 2022 | ||
| Ichi Shih | ||||
| Director | ||||
| Brock Pierce | ||||
| *Yan Xiong | Director | September 8, 2022 | ||
| Yan Xiong | ||||
| */s/ Bryan Bullett | September 8, 2022 | |||
| Bryan Bullett, Attorney-in-Fact |
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SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 6(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned has signed this Amendment to Registration Statement on Form F-3, solely in the capacity of the duly authorized representative of Bit Digital, Inc. in the United States, on September 8, 2022.
| BIT DIGITAL, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Bryan Bullett | |
| Name: | Bryan Bullett, CEO | |
| Title: | Authorized Signatory | |
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EXHIBITS
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Exhibit 23.1
|
A Top 30
INTERNATIONAL AUDIT. TAX. BUSINESS ADVISORY SERVICES
UEN: T12LL1223B GST Reg No: M90367663E |
| Tel: (65) 6227 5428 |
| 20 Maxwell Road, #11-09, Maxwell House, Singapore 069113 |
| Website: www.allianceaudit.com |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the use in this Form F-3/A Registration Statement of Bit digital, Inc. of our report dated April 15, 2022 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Bit Digital, Inc. as of December 31, 2020 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
| /s/ Audit Alliance LLP | |
| Audit Alliance LLP |
Singapore
September 8, 2022
Exhibit 23.5
JLKZ CPA LLP
13620 38th Avenue, Suite 10H
Flushing, New York 11354
US Tel: (347) 871-1768
+86-186-2099-1669
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-3/A of Bit Digital, Inc. (formerly known as Golden Bull Limited) of our report dated July 29, 2020, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Bit Digital, Inc. and subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
| /s/ JLKZ CPA LLP | |
| JLKZ CPA LLP |
Flushing, NY
September 8, 2022