Collective Acquisition Corp 10-K for FY2025
Collective Acquisition Corp. (CCAQ)
About this 10-K
Collective Acquisition Corp filed this 10-K on March 13, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Net income
- $3.35M
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
For the fiscal
year ended
or
For the transition period from to
Commission file
number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Redeemable Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a
well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not
required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | |||||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section
12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes
As of June 30, 2025, the aggregate market value
of the Registrant’s ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $
As of March 10, 2026, there were
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Report (as defined below), including, without limitation, statements under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act (as defined below) and Section 21E of the Exchange Act (as defined below). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continue,” or “should,” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. There can be no assurance that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Such statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to our ability to consummate any acquisition or other Business Combination (as defined below) and any other statements that are not statements of current or historical facts. These statements are based on Management’s (as defined below) current expectations, but actual results may differ materially due to various factors, including, but not limited to:
| ● | our ability to complete our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | our expectations around the performance of the prospective target business or businesses; |
| ● | our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial Business Combination, as a result of which, they would then receive expense reimbursements; |
| ● | the potential incentive to consummate an initial Business Combination with an acquisition target that subsequently declines in value or is unprofitable for public investors due to the low initial price for the Founder Shares (as defined below) paid by our Old Sponsor (as defined below); |
| ● | our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | the ability of our Management Team (as defined below) to generate and execute on potential acquisition opportunities that will generate value for our shareholders; |
| ● | our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading; |
| ● | the use of proceeds not held in the Trust Account (as defined below) or available to us from interest income on the Trust Account balance; |
| ● | the Trust Account not being subject to claims of third parties; |
| ● | the value of the Founder Shares following completion of our initial Business Combination likely being substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of our Public Shares (as defined below) at such time is substantially less than the Redemption Price (as defined below); |
| ● | the impact on the amount held in the Trust Account, our capitalization, principal shareholders and other impacts on our Company (as defined below) or Management Team should we seek to extend the Combination Period (as defined below) consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules; |
| ● | the value of the Founder Shares following completion of our initial Business Combination likely being substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of our Public Shares (as defined below) at such time is substantially less than the Redemption Price (as defined below); |
ii
| ● | the impact on the amount held in the Trust Account, our capitalization, principal shareholders and other impacts on our Company (as defined below) or Management Team should we seek to extend the Combination Period (as defined below) consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules; |
| ● | our financial performance; or |
| ● | the other risks and uncertainties discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” below. |
Additionally, in 2024, the SEC (as defined below) adopted additional rules and regulations relating to SPACs (as defined below). The 2024 SPAC Rules (as defined below) require, among other matters, (i) additional disclosures relating to SPAC sponsors and related persons; (ii) additional disclosures relating to SPAC Business Combination transactions; (iii) additional disclosures relating to dilution and to conflicts of interest involving sponsors and their affiliates in connection with proposed Business Combination transactions; (iv) additional disclosures regarding projections included in SEC filings in connection with proposed Business Combination transactions; and (v) the requirement that both the SPAC and its target company be co-registrants in connection with registration statements relating to proposed Business Combination transactions. In addition, the SEC’s adopting release provided guidance describing circumstances in which a SPAC could become subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act (as defined below), including its duration, asset composition, business purpose, and the activities of the SPAC and its management team. The 2024 SPAC Rules may materially affect our ability to negotiate and complete our initial Business Combination and may increase the costs and time related thereto.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
Unless otherwise stated in this Report, or the context otherwise requires, references to:
| ● | “2024 SPAC Rules” are to the rules and regulations for SPACs adopted by the SEC on January 24, 2024, which became effective on July 1, 2024; |
| ● | “Administrative Services Agreement” are to the Administrative Services Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, which we originally entered into with an affiliate of our Old Sponsor, for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support, and the obligations of the Old Sponsor thereunder was assumed by our New Sponsor pursuant to the Joinder to Administrative Services Agreement executed and delivered by our New Sponsor on February 5, 2026; |
| ● | “Advisor” is to Carter Glatt, our special advisor; |
| ● | “Amended and Restated Charter” are to our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended and restated, and currently in effect; |
| ● | “ASC” are to the FASB (as defined below) Accounting Standards Codification; |
| ● | “ASU” are to the FASB Accounting Standards Update; |
| ● | “Audit Committee” are to the audit committee of our Board of Directors (as defined below); |
| ● | “Board of Directors” or “Board” are to our board of directors; |
iii
| ● | “Clear Street” are to Clear Street LLC, the sole book-running manager for and representative of the several underwriters of the Initial Public Offering; |
| ● | “Business Combination” are to a merger, capital share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses; |
| ● | “Class A Ordinary Shares” are to our Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share; |
| ● | “Class B Ordinary Shares” are to our Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share; |
| ● | “Combination Period” are to (i) the 15-month period, from the closing of the Initial Public Offering (as defined below) to August 8, 2026 (or such earlier time as determined by our Board), that we have to consummate an initial Business Combination, or (ii) such other period in which we must consummate an initial Business Combination pursuant to an amendment to our Amended and Restated Charter and consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules; |
| ● | “Companies Act” are to the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands as may be amended from time to time; |
| ● | “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us” are to Dune Acquisition Corporation II, a Cayman Islands exempted company; |
| ● | “Continental” are to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, trustee of our Trust Account and warrant agent of our Public Warrants (as defined below); |
| ● | “Deferred Fee” are to the additional fee of 4.0% of the gross proceeds of the Initial Public Offering to which the underwriters to the Initial Public Offering are entitled that is payable only upon our completion of the initial Business Combination; |
| ● | “DWAC System” are to the Depository Trust Company’s Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian System; |
| ● | “Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; |
| ● | “Excise Tax” are to the U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023 as provided for by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022; |
| ● | “FASB” are to the Financial Accounting Standards Board; |
| ● | “Founder Shares” are to the Class B Ordinary Shares initially purchased by our Old Sponsor prior to the Initial Public Offering, and subsequently transferred in part to our New Sponsor pursuant to the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement, and the Class A Ordinary Shares that will be issued (i) upon the automatic conversion of the Class B Ordinary Shares at the time of our Business Combination or (ii) at the option of the holders thereof, as described herein (for the avoidance of doubt, such Class A Ordinary Shares will not be “Public Shares”); |
| ● | “GAAP” are to the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; |
| ● | “IFRS” are to the International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board; |
| ● | “Initial Public Offering” or “IPO” are to the initial public offering that we consummated on May 8, 2025; |
| ● | “Investment Company Act” are to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; |
iv
| ● | “IPO Promissory Note” are to that certain unsecured promissory note in the principal amount of up to $150,000 issued to our Old Sponsor, originally issued on September 30, 2024 and as restated and amended on February 27, 2025; |
| ● | “IPO Registration Statement” are to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 initially filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025, as amended, and declared effective on May 6, 2025 (File No. 333-285639); |
| ● | “JOBS Act” are to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012; |
| ● | “Letter Agreement” are to the Letter Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, which we originally entered into with the Old Sponsor Parties, and the New Sponsor Parties have agreed to be bound by the terms thereof pursuant to the Joinder to Letter Agreement executed and delivered by the New Sponsor Parties on February 5, 2026; |
| ● | “Management” or our “Management Team” are to our executive officers and directors; |
| ● | “Nasdaq” are to The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; |
| ● | “Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement” are to the requirement pursuant to the Nasdaq Rules (as defined below) that a SPAC must complete one or more Business Combinations within 36 months following the effectiveness of its initial public offering registration statement; |
| ● | “Nasdaq Rules” are to the continued listing rules of Nasdaq, as they exist as of the date of this Report; |
| ● | “New Sponsor” are to Collective Acquisition Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; |
| ● | “New Sponsor Parties” are to the New Sponsor and its elected directors and officers; |
| ● | “Old Sponsor” are to Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; |
| ● | “Old Sponsor Parties” are to the Old Sponsor and its elected directors and officers; |
| ● | “Option Units” are to the 1,875,000 units of our Company that were purchased by the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering pursuant to the full exercise of the Over-Allotment Option (as defined below); |
| ● | “Ordinary Resolution” are to a resolution of our Company passed by a simple majority of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of our Company, or a resolution approved in writing by all of the holders of the issued shares entitled to vote on such matter (or such lower threshold as may be allowed under the Companies Act from time to time); |
| ● | “Ordinary Shares” are to the Class A Ordinary Shares and the Class B Ordinary Shares, together; |
| ● | “Over-Allotment Option” are to the 45-day option that the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering had to purchase up to an additional 1,875,000 Option Units to cover over-allotments, if any, which was fully exercised; |
| ● | “PCAOB” are to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States); |
| ● | “Private Placement” are to the private placement of Private Placement Warrants that occurred simultaneously with the closing of our Initial Public Offering and pursuant to the Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement (as defined below); |
v
| ● | “Private Placement Warrants” are to the warrants held by our New Sponsor and Old Sponsor originally issued in connection with the Private Placement; |
| ● | “Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement” is the Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, which we entered into with our Old Sponsor; |
| ● | “Public Shares” are to the Class A Ordinary Shares sold as part of the Units in our Initial Public Offering (whether they were purchased in our Initial Public Offering or thereafter in the open market); |
| ● | “Public Shareholders” are to the holders of our Public Shares, including the Old Sponsor Parties to the extent each member of the Old Sponsor Parties purchased Public Shares, provided that each of the Old Sponsor Parties’ status as a “Public Shareholder” will only exist with respect to such Public Shares; |
| ● | “Public Warrants” are to the redeemable warrants sold as part of the Units in our Initial Public Offering (whether they were subscribed for in our Initial Public Offering or purchased in the open market); |
| ● | “Redemption Price” are to the pro rata redemption price in any redemption we expect to pay, which was approximately $10.29 per Public Share as of December 31, 2025 (before taxes payable, if any); |
| ● | “Registration Rights Agreement” are to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, which we originally entered into with the Old Sponsor, and our New Sponsor has agreed to be a party thereto pursuant to the Joinder to the Registration Rights Agreement executed and delivered by our New Sponsor on February 5, 2026; |
| ● | “Report” are to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025; |
| ● | “Sarbanes-Oxley Act” are to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
| ● | “SEC” are to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; |
| ● | “Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; |
| ● | “SPACs” are to special purpose acquisition companies; |
| ● | “Special Resolution” are to a resolution of our Company passed by at least a two-thirds (2/3) majority of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of our Company of which notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly given, or a resolution approved in writing by all of the holders of the issued shares entitled to vote on such matter (or such lower threshold as may be allowed under the Companies Act from time to time); |
| ● | “Trust Account” are to the U.S.-based trust account in which an amount of $144,109,375 from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement Warrants in the Private Placement was placed following the closing of the Initial Public Offering; |
| ● | “Underwriting Agreement” are to the Underwriting Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, which we entered into with Clear Street, as representative of the several underwriters of the Initial Public Offering; |
| ● | “Units” are to the units sold in our Initial Public Offering, which consist of one Public Share and one-half of one Public Warrant; |
| ● | “Warrants” are to the Private Placement Warrants and the Public Warrants, together; |
| ● | “Grassi” are to Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C., our independent registered public accounting firm; and |
| ● | “Working Capital Loans” are to funds that, in order to provide working capital or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the New Sponsor or an affiliate of the New Sponsor or certain of our directors and officers may, but are not obligated to, loan us. |
vi
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated on September 13, 2024 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and formed for the purpose of effecting a Business Combination with one or more businesses or entities. To date, we have not selected any Business Combination target and our efforts have been limited to (i) organizational activities, (ii) activities related to our Initial Public Offering, and (iii) searching for a Business Combination target. We have also generated no operating revenues to date and we do not expect that we will generate operating revenues until we consummate our initial Business Combination.
We may pursue an initial Business Combination target in any business or industry or at any stage of its corporate evolution. Our Management Team has an extensive track record of acquiring attractive assets at disciplined valuations, investing in growth while fostering financial discipline and improving business results. Although our Management assess the risks inherent in a particular target business with which we may combine, we cannot assure our shareholders that this assessment will result in our identifying all risks that a target business may encounter. Furthermore, some of those risks may be outside of our control, meaning that we can do nothing to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely affect a target business.
We believe that the experience and capabilities of our Management Team makes us an attractive partner to potential target businesses, will enhance our ability to complete a successful Business Combination, and will bring value to the business post-Business Combination. Our Management Team has broad sector knowledge though their collective involvement across a variety of industries, as well as extensive global capital markets experience, with local and cross-border capabilities allowing access to different sectors of the capital markets.
The 2024 SPAC Rules may materially affect our ability to negotiate and complete our initial Business Combination and may increase the costs and time related thereto.
Initial Public Offering
On May 8, 2025, we consummated our Initial Public Offering of 14,375,000 Units, including 1,875,000 Option Issues issued pursuant to the full exercise of the Over-Allotment Option. Each Unit consists of one Public Share, and three-quarters of one Public Warrant, with each whole Public Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share. The Units were sold at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds to us of $143,750,000.
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering and pursuant to the Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement, we completed the private sale of an aggregate of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants to our Old Sponsor at a purchase price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, with each Private Placement Warrant exercisable to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, generating gross proceeds to us of $2,000,000.
A total of $144,109,375, comprised of the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement, was placed in the Trust Account maintained by Continental, acting as trustee.
It is the job of our New Sponsor and Management Team to complete our initial Business Combination. Our Management Team is led by Elliot Richmond, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. In addition, our Management Team is aided by Carter Glatt, our Advisor. We must complete our initial Business Combination by August 8, 2026, which is 15 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering, unless we decide to pursue an amendment to our Amended and Restated Charter in order to extend the Combination Period. If our initial Business Combination is not consummated by the end of our Combination Period (as extended, if it has been extended), then, unless our Board of Directors shall otherwise determine, our existence will terminate, and we will distribute all amounts in the Trust Account, as described further herein.
1
We may seek to extend the Combination Period, consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules, by amending our Amended and Restated Charter. Such an amendment would require the approval of our Public Shareholders, who will be provided the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the vote on such approval. Such redemptions will decrease the amount held in our Trust Account and our capitalization, and may affect our ability to maintain our listing on Nasdaq. In addition, the Nasdaq Rules currently require SPACs (such as us) to complete our initial Business Combination in accordance with the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement. If we do not meet the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement, our securities will likely be subject to a suspension of trading and delisting from Nasdaq. Our New Sponsor may also, in its discretion, explore transactions under which it would sell its interest in our Company to another sponsor entity, which may result in a change to our Management Team.
Prior SPAC Experience
Below are the SPAC Business Combinations in which members of our Management Team (excluding our Advisor) have participated and consummated, along with certain other information:
| ● | Inflection Point Acquisition Corp. II ("IPXX", the SPAC), USA Rare Earth, Inc. ("USARE", the Target). Mr. Richmond was a director of the SPAC. The SPAC consummated its initial public offering on May 30, 2023 for 25,000,000 units, with each unit consisting of one ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant to purchase one ordinary share exercisable at $11.50 per share. The units were sold at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $250.0 million. The SPAC’s term was extended one time, for a total extension of nine months. In connection with the extension, holders of 22,794,651 Class A ordinary shares of IPXX, or 91.18% of the outstanding IPXX public shares, exercised their right to redeem those shares for cash at a price of approximately $10.83 per share, for an aggregate of $246.9 million. Prior to the extraordinary general meeting of IPXX shareholders to approve the business combination with USARE, holders of 128,140 IPXX Class A ordinary shares, or 5.8% of the outstanding IPXX Class A ordinary shares, exercised their right to redeem those shares for cash at a price of approximately $11.00 per share, for an aggregate of $1,409,139.27. The transaction with USARE closed on March 13, 2025 and began trading on March 14, 2025 under the ticker “USAR.”. The price of the common stock has ranged from $5.56 to $43.98 following consummation of its business combination, with a closing price of $20.45 on March 10, 2026. |
| ● | Ahren Acquisition Corp. (SPAC). Mr. Richmond was the Chief Financial Officer of the SPAC. The SPAC consummated its initial public offering on December 17, 2021 for 29,999,800 units, with each unit consisting of one ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant to purchase one ordinary share exercisable at $11.50 per share. The units were sold at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $ 299,998,000. The SPAC did not consummate a business combination and delisted its common stock, warrants, and units from the Nasdaq Global Market on June 16, 2023. |
However, in recent years, the stock prices of many target businesses have underperformed post-business combination with a SPAC. We cannot assure our shareholders that we will properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors associated with a target business, such as Boost Run, or that the price of the shares of the combined entity post-Business Combination will increase.
Our New Sponsor
On January 30, 2026, we, the New Sponsor, the Old Sponsor, Carter Glatt, as the managing member of Old Sponsor (the “Sponsor Member”), certain members of the Sponsor named as signatories thereto (the “Non-Managing Members”) and certain other institutional investors signatories thereto (the “Non-Managing Investors”, together with the Non-Managing Members and the Sponsor Member, the “Old Sponsor Members”) entered into a Purchase and Sponsor Handover Agreement (the “New Sponsor Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which New Sponsor has agreed to purchase from the Sponsor, an aggregate of (i) 4,475,000 Class B Ordinary Shares and (ii) 1,000,000 Private Placement Warrants (the “Transferred Interests”), for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000.
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Pursuant to the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement, if a definitive business combination agreement is not entered into by May 7, 2026 (the “Option Date”), the Sponsor Member shall have the right (but not the obligation) to repurchase the Transferred Interests from the New Sponsor for a purchase price of $2,000,000 (the “Repurchase Right”). The Repurchase Right may be exercised only during the period commencing on the Option Date and ending at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date that is five (5) days after the Option Date (the “Option Period”), by delivery of written notice of exercise to the New Sponsor in accordance with the terms set forth in the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement. If the Sponsor Member does not exercise the Repurchase Right within the Option Period, the Repurchase Right shall automatically terminate and be of no further force or effect.
Our New Sponsor is a Delaware limited liability company, which was formed to invest in our Company. Although our New Sponsor is permitted to undertake any activities permitted under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and other applicable law, our New Sponsor’s business is focused on investing in our Company. The sole managing member of the sponsor is Elliot Richmond. Mr. Richmond serves as our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Richmond controls the management of our New Sponsor, including the exercise of voting and investment discretion over the securities of our company held by our New Sponsor. Other than members of our Management Team who are members of our New Sponsor, none of the other members of our New Sponsor will participate in our Company’s activities.
Because our Old Sponsor and our New Sponsor acquired the Founder Shares at a nominal price, our Public Shareholders incurred immediate and substantial dilution upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, assuming no value is ascribed to the Public Warrants. Further, the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable in connection with the conversion of the Founder Shares may result in material dilution to our Public Shareholders due to the anti-dilution rights of our Founder Shares that may result in an issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion. Additionally, our Public Shareholders may experience dilution in the event of exercise of the 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants purchased in the Private Placement, as well as conversion of any Working Capital Loans into equity, if elected.
The Founder Shares will automatically convert into Class A Ordinary Shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of our initial Business Combination, or at any time prior thereto at the option of the holders thereof, on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment, for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like, and subject to further adjustment as provided herein. In the case that additional Class A Ordinary Shares, or any other equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts sold in the Initial Public Offering and related to or in connection with the closing of the initial Business Combination, the ratio at which Class B Ordinary Shares convert into Class A Ordinary Shares will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares agree to waive such adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of all Class B Ordinary Shares will equal, in the aggregate, approximately 28.4% of the sum of (i) the total number of all Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering (including any Class A Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ over-allotment option and excluding the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the private placement warrants issued to the Old Sponsor and the New Sponsor), plus (ii) all Class A Ordinary Shares and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued in connection with our initial Business Combination (excluding any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the initial Business Combination and any private placement-equivalent warrants issued to our Old Sponsor and our New Sponsor or any of their respective affiliates or to our officers and directors upon conversion of working capital loans) minus (iii) any redemptions of Class A Ordinary Shares by public shareholders in connection with an initial Business Combination; provided that such conversion of Founder Shares will never occur on a less than one-for-one basis.
If we raise additional funds through equity or convertible debt issuances, our Public Shareholders may suffer significant dilution. This dilution would increase to the extent that the anti-dilution provision of the Founder Shares result in the issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the Founder Shares at the time of our initial Business Combination. In addition, the cashless exercise of the Private Placement Warrants would further increase the dilution to our Public Shareholders.
In order to facilitate our initial Business Combination or for any other reason determined by our New Sponsor in its sole discretion, our New Sponsor may surrender or forfeit, transfer or exchange our Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants or any of our other securities, including for no consideration, as well as subject any such securities to earn-outs or other restrictions, or otherwise amend the terms of any such securities or enter into any other arrangements with respect to any such securities. We may also issue Class A Ordinary Shares upon conversion of the Class B Ordinary Shares at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial Business Combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions as set forth therein.
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Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, each of the Old Sponsor Parties agreed to restrictions on its ability to transfer, assign, or sell any Units, Class A Ordinary Shares, Class B Ordinary Shares, and Public Warrants for 180 days following the effective date of the Underwriting Agreement . The Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties have also agreed to certain lock-up restrictions on their ability to transfer, assign, or sell the Founder Shares and Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon the conversion of the Founder Shares until the earlier of (i) one year after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier if, subsequent to a Business Combination, the closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares (or shares of common equity of the combined company listed on the exchange) equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any consecutive 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Business Combination and (ii) subsequent to a Business Combination, the date on which the Company consummates a subsequent liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Public Shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A Ordinary Shares for cash, securities or other property. Further, the Sponsor membership interests (including the interests held by the non-managing members) are locked up and not transferable because the Letter Agreement prohibits indirect transfers. They have also waived their rights to distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Founder Shares held by them if we fail to complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period.
We have provided a waiver for the Letter Agreement for the Old Sponsor and the New Sponsor to enter into the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement. While there is no current intention to do so, we may in the future approve another amendment or waiver of the Letter Agreement that would allow the Old Sponsor Parties currently still holding Founder Shares and the Class A Ordinary Shares thereunder and the New Sponsor Parties to directly, or members of the Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties to indirectly, transfer Founder Shares, the Class A Ordinary Shares thereunder or membership interests in the Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties in a transaction in which such sponsor removes itself as our sponsor before identifying a Business Combination. As a result, there is a risk that the Old Sponsor Parties or the New Sponsor Parties may continue to divest their ownership or economic interests in us or in such sponsor, which would likely result in our loss of certain key personnel, including Elliot Richmond, our current Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. There can be no assurance that any replacement the New Sponsor Parties or other key personnel will successfully identify a Business Combination target for us, or, even if one is so identified, successfully complete such Business Combination
While members of the Old Sponsor and the New Sponsor who are not our officers and directors are not a direct party to the Letter Agreement, as a result of their ownership of membership interests in the Old Sponsor or New Sponsor, they are bound by the restrictions set forth above with respect to their allocated Founder Shares and the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Founder Shares (including the restriction on transfer of their membership interests because the Letter Agreement prohibits indirect transfers).
Business Strategy
We are focused on identifying a business combination target that can benefit from the collective network, knowledge and depth of industry experience of our management team. Likewise, we believe that the extensive experience that members of our management team have gained over their careers from building, investing, and leading both private and publicly traded companies will position us favorably to identify, evaluate, and acquire an attractive initial business combination target. We may pursue our initial business combination in any business, industry or geographic location.
Following the completion of the Initial Public Offering, we will communicate with our management team’s network, which includes private equity firms, venture capitalists, investment bankers and entrepreneurs, to articulate the parameters for our search for a target company and a potential business combination and begin the process of pursuing and reviewing potential opportunities.
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Business Combination Criteria
Consistent with our business strategy, we have identified the following general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses. We intend to use these criteria and guidelines in evaluating initial business combination opportunities, but we may decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet these criteria and guidelines.
| ● | Total Addressable Market: Our strategy centers on identifying investments with compelling potential for immediate and sustained market growth. Additionally, we intend to focus on businesses operating in sectors with powerful market momentum, ensuring continuous expansion that enables sustained revenue acceleration over extended periods. These enterprises should maintain competitive advantages through protected technologies and intellectual property; |
| ● | Experienced Management Team: Our approach targets organizations led by seasoned, successful leadership teams, particularly those receptive to leveraging our team’s strategic insights. We intend to commit substantial effort to ensuring alignment between leadership teams and key stakeholders, recognizing this harmony as fundamental to successful strategy execution; |
| ● | Benefit from Public Identity: Our partnership focuses on collaborating with leadership and investors who seek public market status as a catalyst for value creation. The transformation to public status offers expanded capital access, enhanced employee incentivization, improved acquisition capabilities, and strengthened market presence; |
| ● | Appropriate Valuations: Our investment philosophy emphasizes thorough, methodical valuation analysis, built on deep market understanding. We intend to pursue combinations when opportunities present compelling upside with contained risk exposure; |
| ● | Opportunity for Strategic or Operational Enhancement: Our approach leverages deep industry connections and expertise to catalyze ongoing growth. We intend to pursue partnerships with management teams demonstrating both the willingness and capability to execute value-enhancing strategic initiatives, including accretive acquisitions; |
| ● | Strong Barriers to Entry with Defensible Market Position: Our investment thesis prioritizes companies possessing unique technological advantages, protected intellectual property, or significant first-mover benefits. Target enterprises should demonstrate sustainable pricing power through inherent competitive advantages; |
| ● | High Customer Retention Rates: Our ideal target candidate should maintain an expanding, loyal customer foundation while showcasing strong potential for expanded service adoption among existing clients; |
| ● | Strong Gross Margin Profile and Potential for High Cash Flow Conversion: Our focus centers on businesses demonstrating streamlined operational structures and robust margin characteristics; and |
| ● | Low Asset Intensity: Our selection criteria favor enterprises requiring minimal capital investment relative to their revenue generation and operational profitability. |
These criteria are not intended to be exhaustive. Any evaluation relating to the merits of a particular initial business combination may be based, to the extent relevant, on these general guidelines as well as other considerations, factors, and criteria that our management team may deem relevant. In the event that we decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet the above criteria and guidelines, we will disclose that the target business does not meet the above criteria in our shareholder communications related to our initial business combination, which, as discussed in this prospectus, would be in the form of proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we would file with the SEC. In evaluating a prospective target business, we expect to conduct a due diligence review which may encompass, among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, interviews of customers and suppliers, inspections of facilities, as well as reviewing financial and other information which will be made available to us.
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Sourcing of Potential Business Combination Targets
We believe that our management team’s operational and transactional experience has generated a deep network of potential business combination targets. This network has grown through our leadership team’s activities in launching, acquiring, and financing businesses; their reputation for integrity in dealings with sellers, financing sources, and management teams; and their experience in executing transactions across various economic conditions. Attractive prospective sources for targets have been established through our leadership team’s service on the boards of private and public companies.
This extensive network has historically provided our team with proprietary deal flow and referrals, often resulting in exclusive transaction opportunities. We expect to receive potential business combination candidates from various sources within our network, including market participants, advisors, private equity funds, investment banks, and large enterprises looking to divest non-core assets. Our leadership team’s demonstrated success in both investing and operating businesses across industries has created a distinctive set of capabilities that we will leverage in our search.
We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial Business Combination with a Business Combination target that is affiliated with our Old Sponsor or our New Sponsor or their respective officers, directors or advisors (or their respective affiliates or related entities) or making the acquisition through a joint venture or other form of shared ownership with our Old Sponsor or our New Sponsor or their respective officers, directors or advisors (or their respective affiliates or related entities). In the event that we seek to complete our initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with our Old Sponsor or our New Sponsor or their respective officers or directors (or their respective affiliates or related entities), we, or a committee of independent directors, will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent firm that commonly renders valuation opinions for the type of company we are seeking to acquire or from an independent accounting firm that our initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view. We are not required to obtain such an opinion in any other context.
Initial Business Combination
The Nasdaq Rules require that we must complete one or more Business Combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the value of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the Deferred Fee and taxes payable on the interest earned on the Trust Account, if any) (the “80% Test”). Our Board of Directors will make the determination as to the fair market value of our initial Business Combination. If our Board of Directors is not able to independently determine the fair market value of our initial Business Combination, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria. While we consider it likely that our Board of Directors will be able to make an independent determination of the fair market value of our initial Business Combination, it may be unable to do so if it is less familiar or experienced with the business of a particular target or if there is a significant amount of uncertainty as to the value of the target’s assets or prospects. Additionally, pursuant to the Nasdaq Rules, any initial Business Combination must be approved by a majority of our independent directors.
We anticipate structuring our initial Business Combination so that the post-transaction company in which our Public Shareholders own shares will own or acquire 100% of the equity interests or assets of the target business or businesses. We may, however, structure our initial Business Combination such that the post-transaction company owns or acquires less than 100% of such interests or assets of the target business in order to meet certain objectives of the target management team or shareholders or for other reasons, but we will only complete such Business Combination if the post transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Even if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our shareholders prior to the Business Combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post-transaction company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the Business Combination. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock, shares or other equity interests of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% controlling interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares, our shareholders immediately prior to our initial Business Combination could own less than a majority of our issued and outstanding shares subsequent to our initial Business Combination. If less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses are owned or acquired by the post transaction company, the portion of such business or businesses that is owned or acquired is what will be taken into account for purposes of the 80% Test described above. If the Business Combination involves more than one target business, the 80% Test will be based on the aggregate value of all of the target businesses.
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Members of our Management Team and our independent directors directly or indirectly own Founder Shares and/or Private Placement Warrants after the Initial Public Offering and, accordingly, may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to effectuate our initial Business Combination. The low price that the New Sponsor Parties (directly or indirectly) paid for the Founder Shares creates an incentive whereby our officers and directors could potentially make a substantial profit even if we select an acquisition target that subsequently declines in value and is unprofitable for Public Shareholders. If we are unable to complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Founder Shares and Private Placement Warrants may expire worthless, except to the extent they receive liquidating distributions from assets outside the Trust Account, which could create an incentive for the New Sponsor Parties to complete a transaction even if we select an acquisition target that subsequently declines in value and is unprofitable for Public Shareholders. Further, each of our officers and directors may have a conflict of interest with respect to evaluating a particular Business Combination if the retention or resignation of any such officers and directors was included by a target business as a condition to any agreement with respect to our initial Business Combination.
Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have additional, fiduciary, contractual or other obligations or duties to one or more other entities pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a Business Combination opportunity to such entities. Accordingly, if any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a Business Combination opportunity that is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will honor his or her fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such Business Combination opportunity to such other entity, subject to their fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law. Our Amended and Restated Charter provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer, among other persons, shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us, and (ii) we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which (a) may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and us, on the other or (b) the presentation of which would breach an existing legal obligation of a director or officer to any other entity. As a result, the fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of our officers or directors could materially affect our ability to complete our initial Business Combination.
In addition, each of the New Sponsor Parties may sponsor or form other SPACs similar to ours or may pursue other business or investment ventures during the period in which we are seeking an initial Business Combination. As a result, each of the New Sponsor Parties could have conflicts of interest in determining whether to present Business Combination opportunities to us or to any other SPACs with which they may become involved. Any such companies, businesses or investments may present additional conflicts of interest in pursuing an initial Business Combination target. However, we do not believe that any such potential conflicts would materially affect our ability to complete our initial Business Combination.
Status as a Public Company
We believe our structure makes us an attractive Business Combination partner to target businesses. As an existing public company, we offer a target business an alternative to the traditional initial public offering through a merger or other Business Combination with us. In a Business Combination transaction with us, the owners of the target business may, for example, exchange their shares of stock or shares in the target business for our Class A Ordinary Shares (or shares of a new holding company) or for a combination of our Class A Ordinary Shares and cash, allowing us to tailor the consideration to the specific needs of the sellers. We believe target businesses will find this method a more expeditious and cost effective method to becoming a public company than the typical initial public offering. The typical initial public offering process takes a significantly longer period of time than the typical Business Combination transaction process, and there are significant expenses and market and other uncertainties in the initial public offering process, including underwriting discounts and commissions, marketing and road show efforts that may not be present to the same extent in connection with a Business Combination with us.
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Furthermore, once a proposed initial Business Combination is completed, the target business will have effectively become public, whereas an initial public offering is always subject to the underwriters’ ability to complete the offering, as well as general market conditions, which could delay or prevent the offering from occurring or could have negative valuation consequences. Following an initial Business Combination, we believe the target business would then have greater access to capital, an additional means of providing management incentives consistent with shareholders’ interests and the ability to use its shares as currency for acquisitions. Being a public company can offer further benefits by augmenting a company’s profile among potential new customers and vendors and aid in attracting talented employees.
While we believe that our structure and our Management Team’s backgrounds make us an attractive business partner, some potential target businesses may view our status as a blank check company, such as our lack of an operating history and our ability to seek shareholder approval of any proposed initial Business Combination, negatively.
Financial Position
With funds available for a Business Combination, as of December 31, 2025, in the amount of approximately $147,910,775 (not including amounts held outside of the Trust Account for working capital), before payment of $5,750,000 of the Deferred Fees and taxes payable, if any, we offer a target business a variety of options, such as creating a liquidity event for its owners, providing capital for the potential growth and expansion of its operations or strengthening its balance sheet by reducing its debt ratio. Because we are able to complete our initial Business Combination using our cash, debt or equity securities, or a combination of the foregoing, we have the flexibility to use the most efficient combination that we believe will allow us to tailor the consideration to be paid to the target business to fit its needs and desires. However, we have not taken any steps to secure third party financing and there can be no assurance it will be available to us.
If our initial Business Combination is paid for using equity or debt securities, or not all of the funds released from the Trust Account are used for payment of the consideration in connection with our initial Business Combination or used for redemptions of our Public Shares, we may use the balance of the cash released to us from the Trust Account following the closing for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-transaction company, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial Business Combination, to fund the purchase of other companies, or for working capital.
Potential Additional Financings
We are not presently engaged in, and we will not engage in, any operations for an indefinite period of time following the Initial Public Offering. We intend to effectuate our initial Business Combination using cash from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement, the proceeds of the sale of our Ordinary Shares in connection with our initial Business Combination (including pursuant to any forward purchase agreements or backstop agreements into which we may enter), shares issued to the owners of the target, debt issued to bank or other lenders or the owners of the target, other securities issuances, or a combination of the foregoing. We may seek to complete our initial Business Combination with a company or business that may be financially unstable or in its early stages of development or growth, which would subject us to the numerous risks inherent in such companies and businesses.
We may seek to raise additional funds through a private offering of debt or equity securities in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination and we may effectuate our initial Business Combination using the proceeds of such offering rather than using the amounts held in the Trust Account. In addition, we intend to target businesses with enterprise values that are greater than we could acquire with the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement, and, as a result, if the cash portion of the purchase price exceeds the amount available from the Trust Account, net of amounts needed to satisfy any redemptions by Public Shareholders, we may be required to seek additional financing to complete such proposed initial Business Combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would expect to complete such financing only simultaneously with the completion of our initial Business Combination. In the case of an initial Business Combination funded with assets other than the Trust Account assets, our proxy materials or tender offer documents disclosing the initial Business Combination would disclose the terms of the financing and, only if required by law, we would seek shareholder approval of such financing. There is no limitation on our ability to raise funds through the issuance of equity or equity-linked securities or through loans, advances or other indebtedness in connection with our initial Business Combination, including pursuant to any forward purchase agreements or backstop agreements into which we may enter. None of the New Sponsor Parties or its members or shareholders is required to provide any financing to us in connection with or after our initial Business Combination.
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Sources of Target Businesses
We anticipate that target business candidates will be brought to our attention from various unaffiliated sources, including investment bankers and private investment funds. Target businesses may also be brought to our attention by such unaffiliated sources, as a result of being solicited by us through calls or mailings. These sources may also introduce us to target businesses in which they think we may be interested on an unsolicited basis, since many of these sources will have read this Report or the prospectus of our Initial Public Offering and know what types of businesses we are targeting. Our officers and directors, as well as their affiliates, may also bring to our attention target business candidates of which they become aware through their business contacts as a result of formal or informal inquiries or discussions they may have, as well as attending trade shows or conventions. In addition, we expect to receive a number of proprietary deal flow opportunities that would not otherwise necessarily be available to us as a result of the track record and business relationships of our officers and directors. While we do not presently anticipate engaging the services of professional firms or other individuals that specialize in business acquisitions on any formal basis, we may engage these firms or other individuals in the future, in which event we may pay a finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation to be determined in an arm’s length negotiation based on the terms of the transaction.
Prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, there may be payment by us to each of the New Sponsor Parties, or our or their respective affiliates, of a finder’s fee, advisory fee, consulting fee or success fee for any services they render in order to effectuate the completion of our initial Business Combination, which, if made prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination, will be paid from funds held outside the Trust Account.
We will engage a finder only to the extent our Management determines that the use of a finder may bring opportunities to us that may not otherwise be available to us or if finders approach us on an unsolicited basis with a potential transaction that our Management determines is in our best interest to pursue. Payment of a finder’s fee is customarily tied to completion of a transaction, in which case any such fee will be paid out of the funds held in the Trust Account.
We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial Business Combination with a company that is affiliated with any of the New Sponsor Parties, or our Advisor, or completing the Business Combination through a joint venture or other form of shared ownership with any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor. In the event we seek to complete our initial Business Combination with a company that is affiliated (as defined in our Amended and Restated Charter) with any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor, we, or a committee of independent directors, will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions, stating that the consideration to be paid by us in such an initial Business Combination is fair to our Company from a financial point of view. We are not required to obtain such an opinion in any other context.
We believe our Management Team’s significant operating and transaction experience and relationships will provide us with a substantial number of potential initial Business Combination targets. Over the course of their careers, the members of our Management Team or our Advisor have developed a broad network of contacts and corporate relationships around the world. This network has grown through the activities of our Management Team and advisor sourcing, acquiring and financing businesses, the reputation of our Management Team for integrity and fair dealing with sellers, financing sources and target management teams and the experience of our Management Team in executing transactions under varying economic and financial market conditions.
This network has provided our Management Team with a flow of referrals that has resulted in numerous transactions that were proprietary or where a limited group of investors were invited to participate in the sale process. We believe that the network of contacts and relationships of our Management Team will provide us important sources of investment opportunities.
We have not contacted any of the prospective target businesses that our Management Team in their prior SPACs had considered and rejected as target businesses to acquire. However, we may contact such targets if we believe that such targets are currently interested in a potential initial Business Combination with us and if such transaction would be attractive to our shareholders.
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Lack of Business Diversification
For an indefinite period of time after the completion of our initial Business Combination, the prospects for our success may depend entirely on the future performance of a single business. Unlike other entities that have the resources to complete Business Combinations with multiple entities in one or several industries, it is probable that we will not have the resources to diversify our operations and mitigate the risks of being in a single line of business. By completing our initial Business Combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may:
| ● | subject us to negative economic, competitive and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact on the particular industry in which we operate after our initial Business Combination, and |
| ● | cause us to depend on the marketing and sale of a single product or limited number of products or services. |
Limited Ability to Evaluate the Target’s Management Team
Although we closely scrutinize the management of a prospective target business when evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial Business Combination with that business, our assessment of the target business’s management may not prove to be correct. In addition, the future management may not have the necessary skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company. Furthermore, the future role of members of our Management Team, if any, in the target business cannot presently be stated with any certainty. The determination as to whether any of the members of our Management Team will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial Business Combination. While it is possible that one or more of our directors will remain associated in some capacity with us following our initial Business Combination, it is unlikely that any of them will devote their full efforts to our affairs subsequent to our initial Business Combination. Moreover, we cannot assure our shareholders that members of our Management Team will have significant experience or knowledge relating to the operations of the particular target business.
We cannot assure our shareholders that any of our key personnel will remain in senior management or advisory positions with the combined company. The determination as to whether any of our key personnel will remain with the combined company will be made in connection with our initial Business Combination.
Following a Business Combination, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management of the target business. We cannot assure our shareholders that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.
Shareholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve Our Initial Business Combination
We may conduct redemptions without a shareholder vote pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC subject to the provisions of our Amended and Restated Charter. However, we will seek shareholder approval if it is required by law or applicable stock exchange rule, or we may decide to seek shareholder approval for business or other reasons.
Under the Nasdaq Rules, shareholder approval would be required for our initial Business Combination if, for example:
| ● | We issue Ordinary Shares that will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of our Ordinary Shares then outstanding (other than in a public offering); |
| ● | Any of our directors, officers or substantial shareholders (as defined by the Nasdaq Rules) has a 5% or greater interest (or such persons collectively have a 10% or greater interest), directly or indirectly, in the target business or assets to be acquired or otherwise and the present or potential issuance of Ordinary Shares could result in an increase in outstanding Ordinary Shares or voting power of 5% or more; or |
| ● | The issuance or potential issuance of Ordinary Shares will result in our undergoing a change of control. |
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The decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed Business Combination in those instances in which shareholder approval is not required by applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on business and legal reasons, which include a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) the timing of the transaction, including in the event we determine shareholder approval would require additional time and there is either not enough time to seek shareholder approval or doing so would place us at a disadvantage in the transaction or result in other additional burdens on the company; (ii) the expected cost of holding a shareholder vote; (iii) the risk that the shareholders would fail to approve the proposed Business Combination; (iv) other time and budget constraints of the Company; and (v) additional legal complexities of a proposed Business Combination that would be time-consuming and burdensome to present to shareholders.
Permitted Purchases of Our Securities
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial Business Combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial Business Combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, each of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor and any of their affiliates may purchase Public Shares or Public Warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial Business Combination, although they are under no obligation or duty to do so. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgment that such Public Shareholder, although still the record holder of our Public Shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates purchase Public Shares in privately negotiated transactions from Public Shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their Public shares. It is intended that, if Rule 10b-18 would apply to purchases by any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates, then such purchases will comply with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, to the extent it applies, which provides a safe harbor for purchases made under certain conditions, including with respect to timing, pricing and volume of purchases.
Additionally, at any time at or prior to our initial Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material nonpublic information), any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor and any of their respective affiliates may enter into transactions with investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire Public Shares, vote their Public Shares in favor of our initial Business Combination or not redeem their Public Shares. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase Public Shares or Public Warrants in such transactions.
The purpose of any such transactions could be to (1) increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the Business Combination, (2) reduce the number of Public Warrants outstanding and/or increase the likelihood of approval on any matters submitted to the Public Warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial Business Combination or (3) satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial Business Combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial Business Combination in circumstances that may not otherwise have been possible. To the extent such securities are purchased, such public securities will be not be voted as required by Tender Offers and Schedules Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations Question 166.01 promulgated by the SEC.
In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our securities may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.
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Each of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor and any of their respective affiliates anticipate that they may identify the Public Shareholders with whom any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates may pursue privately negotiated transactions by either the Public Shareholders contacting us directly or by our receipt of redemption requests submitted by Public Shareholders (in the case of Public Shares) following our mailing of proxy materials in connection with our initial Business Combination. To the extent that any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates enter into a private transaction, they would identify and contact only potential selling or redeeming Public Shareholders who have expressed their election to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata share of the Trust Account or vote against our initial Business Combination, whether or not such Public Shareholder has already submitted a proxy with respect to our initial Business Combination, but only if such Public Shares have not already been voted at the general meeting related to our initial Business Combination. Each of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor and any of their respective affiliates, if any, will select from which Public Shareholders to purchase Public Shares based on the negotiated price and number of Public Shares and any other factors that they may deem relevant, and are restricted from purchasing Public Shares if such purchases do not comply with Regulation M under the Exchange Act and the other federal securities laws.
Each of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor and any of their respective affiliates are restricted from making purchases of Public Shares if the purchases would violate Section 9(a)(2) or Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements. Additionally, in the event any of the New Sponsor Parties or any of their respective affiliates were to purchase Public Shares or Public Warrants from Public Shareholders, such purchases would be structured in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act including, in pertinent part, through adherence to the following:
| ● | our registration statement/proxy statement filed for our Business Combination transaction would disclose the possibility that any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates may purchase shares, rights or warrants from Public Shareholders outside the redemption process, along with the purpose of such purchases; |
| ● | if any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates were to purchase Public Shares or Public Warrants from Public Shareholders, they would do so at a price no higher than the price offered through our redemption process; |
| ● | our registration statement/proxy statement filed for our Business Combination transaction would include a representation that any of our securities purchased by any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates would not be voted in favor of approving the Business Combination transaction; |
| ● | any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates would not possess any redemption rights with respect to our securities or, if they do acquire and possess redemption rights, they would waive such rights; and |
| ● | we would disclose in a Current Report on Form 8-K, before our general meeting of shareholders to approve the Business Combination transaction, the following material items: |
| ○ | the amount of our securities purchased outside of the redemption offer by any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates, along with the purchase price; |
| ○ | the purpose of the purchases by any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates; |
| ○ | the impact, if any, of the purchases by any of the New Sponsor Parties or any of their respective affiliates on the likelihood that the Business Combination transaction will be approved; |
| ○ | the identities of our security holders who sold to any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates (if not purchased on the open market) or the nature of our security holders (e.g., 5% security holders) who sold to any of the New Sponsor Parties or our Advisor or any of their respective affiliates; and |
| ○ | the number of our securities for which we have received redemption requests pursuant to our redemption offer. |
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Redemption Rights for Public Shareholders upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination
We will provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of our initial Business Combination at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of an initial Business Combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less taxes payable, if any), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, subject to the limitations and on the conditions described herein. As of December 31, 2025, the amount in the Trust Account was $147,910,775, or approximately $10.29 per Public Share (before taxes payable, if any). The per share amount we will distribute to investors who properly redeem their Public Shares will not be reduced by the Deferred Fee we will pay to the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering.
The Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties have entered into the Letter Agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares and Public Shares they may hold in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination.
Manner of Conducting Redemptions
We will provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of our initial Business Combination either (i) in connection with a general meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) without a shareholder vote by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would require us to seek shareholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirement or whether we were deemed to be a foreign private issuer (which would require a tender offer rather than seeking shareholder approval under SEC rules). Asset acquisitions and share purchases would not typically require shareholder approval while direct mergers with our Company (other than with a 90% subsidiary of ours) and any transactions where we issue more than 20% of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares or seek to amend our Amended and Restated Charter would require shareholder approval. So long as we obtain and maintain a listing for our securities on Nasdaq, we will be required to comply with the Nasdaq Rules.
The requirement that we provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares by one of the two methods listed above are contained in provisions of our Amended and Restated Charter and will apply whether or not we maintain our registration under the Exchange Act or our listing on Nasdaq. Such provisions may be amended if approved by a special resolution, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company, so long as we offer redemption in connection with such amendment.
If we provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares in connection with a general meeting, we will, pursuant to our Amended and Restated Charter:
| ● | conduct the redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules, and |
| ● | file proxy materials with the SEC. |
In the event that we seek shareholder approval of our initial Business Combination, we will distribute proxy materials and, in connection therewith, provide our Public Shareholders with the redemption rights described above upon completion of the initial Business Combination.
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If we seek shareholder approval, we will complete our initial Business Combination only if we receive an Ordinary Resolution. A quorum for such meeting will be present if the holders of at least one third of issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares entitled to vote at the meeting are represented in person or by proxy. The Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties will count toward this quorum and, pursuant to the Letter Agreement, they have agreed to vote their Founder Shares, shares underlying the Private Placement Warrants and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering (including in open market and privately-negotiated transactions, aside from shares they may purchase in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act, which would not be voted in favor of approving the Business Combination transaction) in favor of our initial Business Combination. For purposes of seeking approval of an Ordinary Resolution, non-votes will have no effect on the approval of our initial Business Combination once a quorum is obtained. As a result, in addition to the Founder Shares, we would need 3,703,126, or approximately 29.6%, of the 12,500,000 Public Shares sold in the Initial Public Offering to be voted in favor of an initial Business Combination in order to have our initial Business Combination approved, and if we would require a Special Resolution at the meeting, we would need 6,635,418 Public Shares, or 53.08% of the 12,500,000 Public Shares sold in the Initial Public Offering, to be voted in favor of an initial Business Combination in order to have our initial Business Combination approved, assuming all outstanding Ordinary Shares are voted, and the parties to the Letter Agreement do not acquire any Class A Ordinary Shares. If our initial Business Combination is structured as a statutory merger or consolidation with another company under Cayman Islands law, the approval of our initial Business Combination will require a Special Resolution.
In addition, only holders of our Class B Ordinary Shares (i) have the right to appoint and remove directors prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination and (ii) are entitled to vote on continuing our Company in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including any Special Resolution required to amend our constitutional documents or to adopt new constitutional documents, in each case, as a result of our approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands). These quorum and voting thresholds, and the voting agreement of the Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties, may make it more likely that we will consummate our initial Business Combination. Each Public Shareholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or vote against the proposed transaction, or whether they do not vote or abstain from voting on the proposed transaction, or whether they were a Public Shareholder on the record date for the general meeting held to approve the proposed transaction.
If a shareholder vote is not required and we do not decide to hold a shareholder vote for business or other legal reasons, we will:
| ● | conduct the redemptions pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers, and |
| ● | file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing our initial Business Combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial Business Combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies. |
In the event we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, our offer to redeem will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule 14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and we will not be permitted to complete our initial Business Combination until the expiration of the tender offer period. In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on Public Shareholders not tendering more than the number of Public Shares we are permitted to redeem. If Public Shareholders tender more Public Shares than we have offered to purchase, we will withdraw the tender offer and not complete the initial Business Combination.
Upon the public announcement of our initial Business Combination, if we elect to conduct redemption pursuant to the tender offer rules, we or the New Sponsor will terminate any plan established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 to purchase our Public Shares in the open market, in order to comply with Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act.
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We intend to require our Public Shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their share certificates to our transfer agent or deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically using the DWAC system, prior to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. In the case of proxy materials, this date may be up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the initial Business Combination. In addition, if we conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote, we intend to require a Public Shareholder seeking redemption of its Public Shares to also submit a written request for redemption to our transfer agent two business days prior to the scheduled vote in which the name of the beneficial owner of such Public Shares is included. The proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to our Public Shareholders in connection with our initial Business Combination will indicate whether we are requiring Public Shareholders to satisfy such delivery requirements. We believe that this will allow our transfer agent to efficiently process any redemptions without the need for further communication or action from the redeeming Public Shareholders, which could delay redemptions and result in additional administrative cost. If the proposed initial Business Combination is not approved and we continue to search for a target company, we will promptly return any certificates or shares delivered by Public Shareholders who elected to redeem their Public Shares.
Our proposed initial Business Combination may impose a minimum cash requirement for (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all Class A Ordinary Shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed initial Business Combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the initial Business Combination or redeem any Public Shares, and all Public Shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof. We may, however, raise funds through the issuance of equity or equity-linked securities or through loans, advances or other indebtedness in connection with our initial Business Combination.
Limitation on Redemption Upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination If We Seek Shareholder Approval
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial Business Combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial Business Combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our Amended and Restated Charter provides that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in our Initial Public Offering (the “Excess Shares”) without our prior consent. We believe this restriction will discourage shareholders from accumulating large blocks of shares, and subsequent attempts by such holders to use their ability to exercise their redemption rights against a proposed Business Combination as a means to force us or our Management to purchase their Public Shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. Absent this provision, a Public Shareholder holding more than an aggregate of 15% of the Public Shares sold in the Initial Public Offering could threaten to exercise its redemption rights if such Public Shareholder’s Public Shares are not purchased by us or the Old Sponsor Parties at a premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. By limiting our Public Shareholders’ ability to redeem no more than 15% of the Public Shares sold in the Initial Public Offering without our prior consent, we believe we are limiting the ability of a small group of shareholders to unreasonably attempt to block our ability to complete our initial Business Combination, particularly in connection with a Business Combination with a target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash.
However, we are not restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their Public Shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial Business Combination.
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Delivering Share Certificates in Connection with the Exercise of Redemption Rights
As described above, we intend to require our Public Shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their Public Shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their share certificates to our transfer agent or deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically using the DWAC system, prior to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. In the case of proxy materials, this date may be up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the initial Business Combination. In addition, if we conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote, we intend to require a Public Shareholder seeking redemption of its Public Shares to also submit a written request for redemption to our transfer agent two business days prior to the scheduled vote in which the name of the beneficial owner of such Public Shares is included. The proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our Public Shares in connection with our initial Business Combination will indicate whether we are requiring Public Shareholders to satisfy such delivery requirements. Accordingly, a Public Shareholder would have up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the initial Business Combination if we distribute proxy materials, or from the time we send out our tender offer materials until the close of the tender offer period, as applicable, to submit or tender its Public Shares if it wishes to seek to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that a shareholder fails to comply with these or any other procedures disclosed in the proxy or tender offer materials, as applicable, its Public Shares may not be redeemed. Given the relatively short exercise period, it is advisable for Public Shareholders to use electronic delivery of their Public Shares.
There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced process and the act of certificating the Public Shares or delivering them through the DWAC system. The transfer agent will typically charge the broker submitting or tendering shares a fee of approximately $100 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming holder. However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether or not we require Public Shareholders seeking to exercise redemption rights to submit or tender their Public Shares. The need to deliver shares is a requirement of exercising redemption rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated.
Any request to redeem such Public Shares, once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. Furthermore, if a Public Shareholder delivered its certificate in connection with an election of redemption rights and subsequently decides prior to the applicable date not to elect to exercise such rights, such Public Shareholder may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically). It is anticipated that the funds to be distributed to holders of our Public Shares electing to redeem their Public Shares will be distributed promptly after the completion of our initial Business Combination.
If our initial Business Combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our Public Shareholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights would not be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for the applicable pro rata share of the Trust Account. In such case, we will promptly return any certificates delivered by Public Shareholders who elected to redeem their Public Shares.
If our initial proposed Business Combination is not completed, we may continue to try to complete a Business Combination with a different target until the end of the Combination Period, as it may be extended.
Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation if No Initial Business Combination
Our Amended and Restated Charter provides that we will have only the duration of the Combination Period, as it may be extended, to complete our initial Business Combination. If we have not completed our initial Business Combination within such time period, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than ten business days thereafter (and subject to lawfully available funds therefor), redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (which interest shall be net of taxes and less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then-outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our Board of Directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to our Warrants, which will expire worthless if we fail to complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period, as it may be extended.
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The Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties have entered into a Letter Agreement with us, pursuant to which they have waived their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Founder Shares held by them if we fail to complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period, although they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from assets outside the Trust Account. However, if any of the Old Sponsor Parties or the New Sponsor Parties acquire Public Shares after the Initial Public Offering, each of them will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such Public Shares if we fail to complete our initial Business Combination within the allotted Combination Period.
Each of the New Sponsor Parties have agreed, pursuant to the Letter Agreement, that they will not propose any amendment to our Amended and Restated Charter (x) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of our Public Shares if we do not complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period or (y) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity, in each case unless we provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less taxes payable, if any), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares.
We expect that all costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, as well as payments to any creditors, will be funded from amounts remaining out of the approximately $365,751 of proceeds held outside the Trust Account, as of December 31, 2025, although we cannot assure our shareholders that there will be sufficient funds for such purpose. However, if those funds are not sufficient to cover the costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, to the extent that there is any interest accrued in the Trust Account not required to pay income taxes on interest income earned on the Trust Account balance, we may request the trustee to release to us an additional amount of up to $100,000 of such accrued interest to pay those costs and expenses.
If we were to expend all of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, other than the proceeds deposited in the Trust Account, and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the Trust Account, the per-share redemption amount received by shareholders upon our dissolution would be the Redemption Price. The proceeds deposited in the Trust Account could, however, become subject to the claims of our creditors, which would have higher priority than the claims of our Public Shareholders. We cannot assure our shareholders that the actual per-share redemption amount received by shareholders will not be substantially less than the Redemption Price. While we intend to pay such amounts, if any, we cannot assure our shareholders that we will have funds sufficient to pay or provide for all creditors’ claims.
Although we seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the Trust Account for the benefit of our Public Shareholders, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the Trust Account including but not limited to fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain an advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the Trust Account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account, our Management will consider whether competitive alternatives are reasonably available to us and will only enter into an agreement with such third party if Management believes that such third party’s engagement would be in the best interests of the Company under the circumstances. Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by Management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where Management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. Grassi, our independent registered public accounting firm, and the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering did not execute agreements with us waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the Trust Account for any reason.
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In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the New Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to us (except for our independent registered public accounting firm), or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or Business Combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $10.025 per Public Share and (ii) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.025 per share due to reductions in the value of the Trust Account assets, less taxes payable, if any, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked the New Sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether the New Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and we believe that only assets held by the New Sponsor are securities of our Company. Therefore, we cannot assure our shareholders that the New Sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the Trust Account, the funds available for our initial Business Combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.025 per Public Share. In such an event, we may not be able to complete our initial Business Combination, and our Public Shareholders would receive such lesser amount per share in connection with any redemption of their Public Shares. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.
In the event that the proceeds in the Trust Account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.025 per Public Share and (ii) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account if less than $10.025 per share due to reductions in the value of the Trust Account assets, in each case less taxes payable, if any, and the New Sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against the New Sponsor, as applicable, to enforce its indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against the New Sponsor, as applicable, to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance if, for example, the cost of such legal action is deemed by the independent directors to be too high relative to the amount recoverable or if the independent directors determine that a favorable outcome is not likely. Accordingly, we cannot assure our shareholders that due to claims of creditors the actual value of the per-share redemption price will not be less than $10.025 per share.
We seek to reduce the possibility that the New Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account. The New Sponsor will also not be liable as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. As of December 31, 2025, we had access to up to approximately $365,751 with which to pay any such potential claims (including costs and expenses incurred in connection with our liquidation, currently estimated to be no more than approximately $100,000). In the event that we liquidate and it is subsequently determined that the reserve for claims and liabilities is insufficient, shareholders who received funds from our Trust Account could be liable for claims made by creditors. In the event that we liquidate and it is subsequently determined that the reserve for claims and liabilities is insufficient, shareholders who received funds from the Trust Account could be liable for claims made by creditors. In the event that our offering expenses exceed our estimate of $500,000, we may fund such excess with funds from the funds not to be held in the Trust Account. In such case, the amount of funds we intend to be held outside the Trust Account would decrease by a corresponding amount. Conversely, in the event that the offering expenses are less than our estimate of $500,000, the amount of funds we intend to be held outside the Trust Account would increase by a corresponding amount.
If we file a bankruptcy or insolvency petition or an involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the Trust Account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy or insolvency law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the Trust Account, we cannot assure our shareholders we will be able to return $10.025 per share to our Public Shareholders. Additionally, if we file a bankruptcy or insolvency petition or an involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy/insolvency laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance, preference or disposition.” As a result, a liquidator or bankruptcy or other court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. Furthermore, our Board of Directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to us or our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and our Company to claims of punitive damages, by paying Public Shareholders from the Trust Account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure our shareholders that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
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Our Public Shareholders are entitled to receive funds from the Trust Account only (i) in the event of the redemption of our Public Shares if we do not complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period, (ii) in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our Amended and Restated Charter (x) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of our Public Shares if we do not complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period or (y) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity or (iii) if they redeem their respective shares for cash upon the completion of our initial Business Combination, subject to applicable law and any limitations (including but not limited to cash requirements) created by the terms of the proposed Business Combination. In no other circumstances will a Public Shareholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the Trust Account. In the event we seek shareholder approval in connection with our initial Business Combination, a Public Shareholder’s voting in connection with the Business Combination alone will not result in a Public Shareholder’s redeeming its Public Shares to us for an applicable pro rata share of the Trust Account. Such Public Shareholder must have also exercised its redemption rights described above. These provisions of our Amended and Restated Charter, like all provisions of our Amended and Restated Charter, may be amended with a shareholder vote.
Competition
In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business for our initial Business Combination, we encounter competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including other SPACs, private equity groups and leveraged buyout funds, public companies and operating businesses seeking strategic acquisitions. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting Business Combinations directly or through affiliates. Moreover, many of these competitors possess greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us. Our ability to acquire larger target businesses is limited by our available financial resources. This inherent limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of a target business. Furthermore, our obligation to pay cash in connection with our Public Shareholders who exercise or are forced to exercise their redemption rights may reduce the resources available to us for our initial Business Combination and our outstanding Warrants, and the future dilution they potentially represent, may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses. Either of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial Business Combination.
Employees
We currently have one officers: Mr. Richmond. He is not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters, but may devote as much of his time as he deems necessary to our affairs until we have completed our initial Business Combination. The amount of time he will devote in any time period will vary based on the stage of the Business Combination process we are in. We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination.
Periodic Reporting and Financial Information
We have registered our Units, Public Shares and Public Warrants under the Exchange Act and have reporting obligations, including the requirement that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC. In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, our annual reports, including this Report, contain financial statements audited and reported on by Grassi, our independent registered public accountant.
We will provide shareholders with audited financial statements of the prospective target business as part of the proxy solicitation materials or tender offer documents sent to shareholders to assist them in assessing the target business. In all likelihood, these financial statements will need to be prepared in accordance with, or reconciled to, GAAP, or IFRS, depending on the circumstances, and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may conduct an initial Business Combination with because some targets may be unable to provide such statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial Business Combination within the prescribed time frame. We cannot assure our shareholders that any particular target business identified by us as a potential Business Combination candidate will have financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements outlined above, or that the potential target business will be able to prepare its financial statements in accordance with the requirements outlined above. To the extent that these requirements cannot be met, we may not be able to acquire the proposed target business. While this may limit the pool of potential Business Combination candidates, we do not believe that this limitation will be material.
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We will be required to evaluate our internal control procedures for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer, and no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, will we be required to have our internal control procedures audited. A target business may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of their internal controls. The development of the internal controls of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such Business Combination.
We have filed a Registration Statement on Form 8-A with the SEC to voluntarily register our securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act. As a result, we are subject to the rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act. We have no current intention of filing a Form 15 to suspend our reporting or other obligations under the Exchange Act prior or subsequent to the consummation of our initial Business Combination.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company. Exempted companies are Cayman Islands companies conducting business mainly outside the Cayman Islands and, as such, are exempted from complying with certain provisions of the Companies Act. As an exempted company, we have applied for and received a tax exemption undertaking from the Cayman Islands government that, in accordance with Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 30 years from the date of the undertaking (being January 6, 2025), no law that is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations will apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax will be payable (i) on or in respect of our shares, debentures or other obligations or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividends or other distribution of income or capital by us to our shareholders or a payment of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation of us.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following May 8, 2029, the fifth anniversary of the completion of the Initial Public Offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $250 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, or (2) our annual revenues equaled or exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter.
Prior to the consummation of a Business Combination, only holders of our Class B Ordinary Shares will have the right to vote on the appointment or removal of directors. As a result, Nasdaq considers us to be a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq corporate governance standards. Under Nasdaq corporate governance standards, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the appointment of directors is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. We currently do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, but may do so in the future. Accordingly, if we choose to do so, our shareholders will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors.
As a smaller reporting company under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to include risk factors in this Report. However, the following is a partial list of material risks, uncertainties and other factors that could have a material effect on us and our operations:
| ● | we are a blank check company and an early-stage company with no revenue or basis to evaluate our ability to select a suitable business target; |
| ● | we may not be able to select an appropriate target business or businesses and complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period; |
| ● | our expectations around the performance of a prospective target business or businesses may not be realized; |
| ● | we may not be successful in retaining or recruiting required officers, key employees or directors following our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | our officers and directors may have difficulty allocating their time between our Company and other businesses and may potentially have conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | we may not be able to obtain additional financing to complete our initial Business Combination or reduce the number of Public Shareholders requesting redemption; |
| ● | we may issue our Ordinary Shares to investors in connection with our initial Business Combination at a price that is less than the prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares at that time; |
| ● | our shareholders may not be given the opportunity to choose the initial Business Combination target or to vote on the initial Business Combination; |
| ● | Trust Account funds may not be protected against third-party claims or bankruptcy; |
| ● | an active market for our public securities may not continue and our shareholders may have limited liquidity and trading; |
| ● | our financial performance following a Business Combination with an entity may be negatively affected by their lack of an established record of revenue, cash flows and experienced management; |
| ● | there may be more competition to find an attractive target for an initial Business Combination, which could increase the costs associated with completing our initial Business Combination and may result in our inability to find a suitable target; |
| ● | changes in the market for directors and officers liability insurance could make it more difficult and more expensive for us to negotiate and complete an initial Business Combination; |
| ● | we may attempt to simultaneously complete Business Combinations with multiple prospective targets, which may hinder our ability to complete our initial Business Combination and give rise to increased costs and risks that could negatively impact our operations and profitability; |
| ● | we may engage one or more of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering or one of their respective affiliates to provide additional services to us after the Initial Public Offering, which may include acting as a financial advisor in connection with an initial Business Combination or as placement agent in connection with a related financing transaction. The underwriters of the Initial Public Offering are entitled to receive the Deferred Fee that will be released from the Trust Account only upon completion of an initial Business Combination. These financial incentives may cause them to have potential conflicts of interest in rendering any such additional services to us after the Initial Public Offering, including, for example, in connection with the sourcing and consummation of an initial Business Combination; |
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| ● | we may attempt to complete our initial Business Combination with a private company about which little information is available, which may result in a Business Combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all; |
| ● | since the New Sponsor will lose its entire investment in us if our initial Business Combination is not completed (other than with respect to any Public Shares they may acquire during or after the Initial Public Offering), and because each of the New Sponsor Parties may profit substantially even under circumstances in which our Public Shareholders would experience losses in connection with their investment, a conflict of interest may arise in determining whether a particular Business Combination target is appropriate for our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | the value of the Founder Shares following completion of our initial Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of our Public Shares at such time is substantially less than the Redemption Price; |
| ● | resources could be wasted in researching acquisitions that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we have not completed our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period, our Public Shareholders may receive only the Redemption Price or less than such amount in certain circumstances, on the liquidation of our Trust Account and our Warrants will expire worthless; |
| ● | we may not be able to complete an initial Business Combination with certain potential target companies if a proposed transaction with the target company may be subject to review or approval by regulatory authorities pursuant to certain U.S. or foreign laws or regulations, including the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”). Investments that result in “control” of a U.S. business by a foreign person are always subject to CFIUS jurisdiction; |
| ● | recent fluctuations in inflation and interest rates in the United States and elsewhere could make it more difficult for us to consummate an initial Business Combination; |
| ● | adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, including events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or non-performance by financial institutions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or our prospects; |
| ● | military or other conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East or elsewhere may lead to increased volume and price volatility for publicly traded securities, or affect the operations or financial condition of potential target companies, which could make it more difficult for us to consummate an initial Business Combination; |
| ● | if our initial Business Combination involves a company organized under the laws of a state of the United States, it is possible the Excise Tax will be imposed on us in connection with redemptions of our Ordinary Shares after or in connection with such initial Business Combination; |
| ● | cyber incidents or attacks directed at us or third parties could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss; |
| ● | changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial Business Combination, and results of operations; |
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| ● | if we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial Business Combination; and |
| ● | to mitigate the risk that we might be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act, we may, at any time (based on our Management Team’s ongoing assessment of all factors related to our potential status under the Investment Company Act), instruct the trustee to liquidate the investments held in the Trust Account and instead to hold the funds in the Trust Account in an interest-bearing demand deposit account at a bank until the earlier of the consummation of our initial Business Combination or our liquidation. As a result of such transfer, we could receive less interest on the funds held in the Trust Account than the interest we would have received pursuant to our original Trust Account investments, which could reduce the dollar amount our Public Shareholders would receive upon any redemption or our liquidation. |
We may seek to extend the Combination Period, which could reduce the amount held in our Trust Account and have adverse effects on our Company.
If we are unable to consummate our Initial Business Combination on or before August 8, 2026, we may seek shareholder approval to extend the Combination Period by amending our Amended and Restated Charter. In such event, our Public Shareholders will be provided the opportunity to have all or a portion of their Public Shares redeemed. Any redemptions will reduce the amount held in our Trust Account, the effect of which may adversely affect our ability to consummate our initial Business Combination and may also impair our ability to maintain our Nasdaq listing.
We anticipate that our securities will be suspended from trading on Nasdaq and delisted if we do not consummate our initial Business Combination by May 6, 2028. Any trading suspension or delisting could have a material adverse effect on the trading of our securities and may adversely affect our ability to consummate an initial Business Combination.
Our IPO Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 6, 2025 and our securities are currently listed on the Global Market tier of Nasdaq. Pursuant to our Amended and Restated Charter, we have until August 8, 2026 to consummate our initial Business Combination. However, under the Nasdaq Rules, if a SPAC does not meet the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement, the SPAC will be subject to a suspension of trading and delisting from Nasdaq.
Under the Nasdaq Rules, a SPAC’s Nasdaq-listed securities will be immediately suspended from trading if the SPAC does not meet the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirements, and Nasdaq will, at such point, commence delisting procedures. Although a SPAC can request a hearing before the hearing panel of Nasdaq (the “Hearing Panel”), the scope of the Hearing Panel’s review is limited. If a SPAC completes a Business Combination after receiving a delisting determination by the staff of the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq (a “Staff Delisting Determination”) and/or demonstrates compliance with all applicable initial listing requirements, the combined company can apply to list its securities on Nasdaq pursuant to the normal application review process. The Nasdaq Rules contain a list of deficiencies that would immediately result in a Staff Delisting Determination, which includes noncompliance with the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement. Accordingly, were we to amend our Amended and Restated Charter to extend the date by which we are permitted to consummate our initial Business Combination, we would still need to consummate our initial Business Combination on or prior to May 6, 2028 in order to avoid a suspension of our securities from trading on and delisting from Nasdaq. If Nasdaq were to suspend our securities from trading and delist our securities, our securities could potentially be quoted on an over-the-counter market. Even if our securities are then quoted on an over-the-counter market, our Nasdaq suspension and delisting could have significant material adverse consequences, including:
| ● | making our securities appear to be less attractive to potential target companies than the securities of an exchange listed SPAC; |
| ● | limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
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| ● | reduced liquidity for our securities; |
| ● | the possibility that our Class A Ordinary Shares would be deemed “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our Class A Ordinary Shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; |
| ● | limited news and analyst coverage; and |
| ● | decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
In addition, if our securities are delisted from Nasdaq, trading in our securities, and offers and sales of our securities by us, may be subject to state securities regulation and additional compliance costs.
The share price of the post-Business Combination company may be less than the Redemption Price) of our Public Shares.
Each Unit sold in our Initial Public Offering at an offering price of $10.00 per Unit consisted of one Public Share and one-half of one Public Warrant. Of the proceeds we received from the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement, $144,109,375 was placed in our Trust Account. We will provide our Public Shareholders the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, and potentially upon the occurrence of certain other events prior to our initial Business Combination. We expect that the pro rata redemption price in any redemption will be approximately $10.29 per Public Share as of December 31, 2025 (before taxes payable, if any), representing a pro rata portion of our Trust Account without taking into account any interest or other income earned on such funds (less any withdrawals from such interest or income for taxes paid), although the Redemption Price may be less in certain circumstances. As a result, Public Shareholders who own our Public Shares on a redemption date can anticipate receiving the Redemption Price in connection with a redemption for each Public Share that they choose to redeem.
There can be no assurance that, after our initial Business Combination, our Public Shareholders would be able to sell their shares in the post-Business Combination company for the Redemption Price, or any higher price. We have not as yet identified a target and are therefore unable to provide any assurances as to its financial condition, business prospects or potential risks. It is therefore possible that the share price of the post-Business Combination company may decline below the Redemption Price. In recent years, the share prices of many post-Business Combination companies have fallen following a Business Combination. As a result, if our Public Shareholders continue to hold shares in the post-Business Combination company following our initial Business Combination, we cannot assure our shareholders that the trading price of such shares will be greater than the Redemption Price.
Certain agreements related to the Initial Public Offering may be amended, or their provisions waived, without shareholder approval.
Certain of the agreements related to the Initial Public Offering to which we are a party may be amended, or their provisions waived, without shareholder approval. Such agreements include, among others, the (i) Underwriting Agreement, (ii) Letter Agreement, (iii) Registration Rights Agreement, (iii) Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement and (iv) Administrative Services Agreement. These agreements contain various provisions that our Public Shareholders might deem to be material. For example, our Letter Agreement and the Underwriting Agreement contain certain lock-up provisions with respect to the Founder Shares and other securities held by the Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties, subject to certain exceptions. Amendments or waivers to such agreements would require the consent of the applicable parties thereto and, in certain cases, the consent of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering. Any such modification, such as an amendment to shorten lock-up restrictions, may benefit the Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties. Any such amendments would not require approval from our shareholders, may result in the completion of our initial Business Combination that may not otherwise have been possible, and may have an adverse effect on the value of an investment in our securities. For example, although we would not amend lock-up provisions to permit securities held by the Old Sponsor or the New Sponsor to be freely sold, except to permitted transferees, prior to our initial Business Combination, we may amend such provisions to permit them to be freely sold after the Business Combination earlier than they would otherwise be permitted, which may have an adverse effect on the price of our securities. In no event, however, will the Letter Agreement be amended to enable the Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties to redeem any of their Founder Shares from the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account.
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Uncertainty in connection with certain international economic and political relationships, including the imposition of tariffs on international trade, political disputes, regulatory changes and other international matters could have a material adverse effect on our ability to identify potential targets and to consummate our initial Business Combination, and could adversely affect the financial performance of any target, either foreign or domestic.
The international economic and political environment is dynamic and subject to change. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future economic and political relationships between the United States and a number of other countries. These uncertainties include, among other things, the potential imposition of protective tariffs on goods imported from other countries and reciprocal tariffs other countries may impose on United States products, political disputes that may affect relationships between the United States and other countries and the imposition of regulatory or other restrictions on trade and commerce. Any such matters could potentially limit the number of potential targets we may consider, and could also have a material adverse effect on the financial performance of such potential targets. Among other things, historical financial performance of companies affected by these international matters may not provide as accurate a barometer of future performance as would pertain in a more stable economic environment.
For additional risks relating to our operations, other than as set forth above, see the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in our IPO Registration Statement. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risks could arise that may also affect our business or ability to consummate an initial Business Combination. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
Not applicable.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity.
Item 2. Properties.
Our principal executive office is located at 12955 Biscayne Boulevard Suite 200 PMB 616 Miami, Florida 33181. Our telephone number is (561) 489-2062. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future, and that, if necessary, suitable physical space will be available to accommodate any expansion of our operations. We will reimburse the New Sponsor in an amount equal to $15,000 per month for utilities and secretarial and administrative support made available to us. Upon completion of our initial Business Combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
To the knowledge of our Management Team, there is no material litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
| (a) | Market Information |
Our Units, Public Shares and Public Warrants are each traded on the Global Market tier of Nasdaq under the symbols “IPODU”, “IPOD” and “IPODW”, respectively. Our Units commenced public trading on May 7 2025, and our Public Shares and Public Warrants commenced separate public trading on June 12, 2025.
| (b) | Holders |
On March 10, 2026, there was one holder of record of our Units, one holder of record of our Class A Ordinary Shares, one holder of record of our Class B Ordinary Shares, and three holders of record of our Warrants.
| (c) | Dividends |
We have not paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares to date and do not intend to pay cash dividends prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination. A Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or the share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if following such payment the company would be unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. The payment of cash dividends following completion of our initial Business Combination will be within the discretion of our Board of Directors at such time and will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition at such time. There is no certainty we will be in a position to, or decide to, pay cash dividends after completing any Business Combination. Further, if we incur any indebtedness in connection with our initial Business Combination, our ability to declare dividends following completion of our initial Business Combination may be limited by restrictive covenants we may agree to in connection therewith.
| (d) | Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans |
None.
| (e) | Performance Graph |
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by Regulation S-K Item 201(e).
| (f) | Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities |
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering and pursuant to the Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement, we completed the sale of an aggregate of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants to the Sponsor in the Private Placement at a purchase price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, generating gross proceeds to us of $2,000,000. The Private Placement Warrants (and underlying securities) are identical to the Public Warrants sold in the Initial Public Offering, except as otherwise disclosed in the IPO Registration Statement. No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid with respect to such sale. The issuance of the Private Placement Warrants was made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
| (g) | Use of Proceeds from the Initial Public Offering |
On May 8, 2025, we consummated our Initial Public Offering of 14,375,000 Units, including 1,875,000 Option Units issued pursuant to the full exercise of the Over-Allotment Option. Each Unit consists of one Public Share, and one-half of one Public Warrant, with each whole Public Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share.
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The Units were sold at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds to us of $143,750,000. Clear Street acted as sole book running manager and representative of the several underwriters of the Initial Public Offering. On November 12, simultaneously with the consummation of our Initial Public Offering and pursuant to the Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement, we completed the private sale of an aggregate of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a purchase price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, to our Sponsor, generating gross proceeds of $2,000,000.
Following the closing of our Initial Public Offering on May 8, 2025, a total of $144,109,375, comprised of the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement (which amount includes $5,750,000 of the Deferred Fee), was placed in a U.S.-based trust account maintained by Continental, acting as trustee. The proceeds held in the Trust Account may be invested by the trustee only in U.S. government securities with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds investing solely in U.S. government treasury obligations and meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act. To mitigate the risk that we might be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act, which risk increases the longer that we hold investments in the Trust Account, we may, at any time (based on the Management Team’s ongoing assessment of all factors related to the potential status under the Investment Company Act), instruct the trustee to liquidate the investments held in the Trust Account and instead to hold the funds in the Trust Account in cash or in an interest-bearing demand deposit account at a bank.
The remaining proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement are held outside the Trust Account. Such funds are being used primarily to enable us to identify a target and to negotiate and consummate our initial Business Combination.
There has been no material change in the planned use of the proceeds from our Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement as described in the IPO Registration Statement. The specific investments in our Trust Account may change from time to time.
| (h) | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
There were no such repurchases of our equity securities by us or an affiliate during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by the Report.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report including, without limitation, statements under this Item regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of Management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our Management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our Management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our Management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Report.
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Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on September 13, 2024 incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash derived from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt.
We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete a Business Combination will be successful.
In 2024, the SEC adopted additional rules and regulations relating to SPACs, which became effective on July 1, 2024, referred herein as the 2024 SPAC Rules. The 2024 SPAC Rules require, among other matters, (i) additional disclosures relating to SPAC sponsors and related persons; (ii) additional disclosures relating to SPAC Business Combination transactions; (iii) additional disclosures relating to dilution and to conflicts of interest involving sponsors and their affiliates in connection with proposed Business Combination transactions; (iv) additional disclosures regarding projections included in SEC filings in connection with proposed Business Combination transactions; and (v) the requirement that both the SPAC and its target company be co-registrants in connection with registration statements relating to proposed Business Combination transactions. In addition, the SEC’s adopting release provided guidance describing circumstances in which a SPAC could become subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act, including its duration, asset composition, business purpose, and the activities of the SPAC and its management team. The 2024 SPAC Rules may materially affect our ability to negotiate and complete our Initial Business Combination and may increase the costs and time related thereto.
We may seek to extend the Combination Period consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules by amending our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. Such an amendment would require the approval of our public shareholders, who will be provided the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the vote on such approval. Such redemptions will decrease the amount held in our Trust Account and our capitalization, and may affect our ability to maintain our listing on Nasdaq. In addition, the Nasdaq rules currently require SPACs (such as us) to complete our initial Business Combination within 36 months following the effective date of our IPO Registration Statement. If we do not meet such 36-month requirement, our securities will likely be subject to a suspension of trading and delisting from Nasdaq.
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Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities from September 13, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2025 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the Initial Public Offering, described below, and identifying a target company for a Business Combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our Business Combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, we had a net income of $3,349,485 which consists of interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $3,801,400 offset by formation and general and administrative costs of $451,915.
For the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, we had a net loss of $36,702, which consists of formation and general and administrative costs.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
On May 8, 2025, we consummated the Initial Public Offering of 14,375,000 Units, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 1,875,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit generating gross proceeds of $143,750,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, we completed the sale of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant in a private placement to our Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC (the “Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $2,000,000.
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Following the Initial Public Offering, the full exercise of the over-allotment option, and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, a total of $144,109,375 ($10.025 per Unit) was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred transaction costs of $6,637,469, consisting of $550,000 of a cash underwriting fee, $5,750,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $337,469 of other offering costs.
On January 30, 2026, we, the New Sponsor, the Old Sponsor, the Sponsor Member, the Non-Managing Members, and the Non-Managing Investors entered into the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement pursuant to which New Sponsor has agreed to purchase from the Sponsor the Transferred Interest, an aggregate of (i) 4,475,000 Class B Ordinary Shares and (ii) 1,000,000 Private Placement Warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000 (the “Sponsor Transaction”).
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if a definitive business combination agreement is not entered into by the Option Date, May 7, 2026, the Sponsor Member shall be entitled to the Repurchase Right, to repurchase the Transferred Interests from the New Sponsor for a purchase price of $2,000,000. The Repurchase Right may be exercised only during the Option Period, commencing on the Option Date and ending at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date that is five (5) days after the Option Date, by delivery of written notice of exercise to the New Sponsor in accordance with the terms set forth in the Purchase Agreement. If the Sponsor Member does not exercise the Repurchase Right within the Option Period, the Repurchase Right shall automatically terminate and be of no further force or effect.
The closing of the Sponsor Transaction and such other transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement occurred on February 5, 2026 (the “New Sponsor Closing”).
For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $429,113. Net income of $3,349,485 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $3,801,400 offset by the payment of offering costs through promissory note of $23,500 and the payment of operating costs through advances from related party of $4,320. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $5,018 of cash for operating activities.
For the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $30,472. Net loss of $36,702 was affected by changes in operating assets and liabilities which used $6,230 of cash for operating activities.
As of December 31, 2025, we had marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $147,910,775 (including approximately $3,801,400 of interest income) consisting of money market funds invested in U.S. treasury securities. We may withdraw interest from the Trust Account to pay taxes, if any. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (less income taxes payable), to complete our Business Combination. To the extent that our share capital or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
As of December 31, 2025, we had cash of $365,751. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, our New Sponsor, or an affiliate of our New Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a Business Combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into private placement warrants of the post Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants.
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We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our Business Combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our Public Shares upon consummation of our Business Combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such Business Combination.
As of December 31, 2025, we had operating cash and cash equivalents of $365,751 and a working capital surplus of $289,539. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.
In connection with Management’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with ASC 205-40, “Going Concern,” as of December 31, 2025, the Company may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from the New Sponsor, stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties. Our officers, directors and New Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. The Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of time within one year after the date that the accompanying financial statements are issued. Management plans to address this uncertainty through a Business Combination.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2025. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.
Contractual obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement with the Old Sponsor and subsequently New Sponsor an aggregate of $15,000 per month for utilities and secretarial and administrative support. We began incurring these fees on May 6, 2025 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of the Business Combination and our liquidation.
The underwriters are entitled to a deferred underwriting discount of $0.40 per unit, or up to $5,750,000 in the aggregate. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely on amounts remaining in the Trust Account following all properly submitted shareholder redemptions in connection with the consummation of the initial Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgement. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identified the following critical accounting policies:
Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
The public shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies public shares subject to possible redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit.
Net Income (Loss) per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” The Company has two classes of shares, which are referred to as Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of shares. Net income (loss) per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the respective period. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders adjusts the basic net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for the potentially dilutive impact of outstanding warrants. However, because the warrants are anti-dilutive, they have been excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per ordinary share for the periods presented.
Recent Accounting Standards
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on September 13, 2024 (inception).
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. Management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Reference is made to pages F-1 through F-24 comprising a portion of this Report, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that during the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level and, accordingly, provided reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
As required by SEC rules and regulations implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
| (1) | pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company, |
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| (2) | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and |
| (3) | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect errors or misstatements in our financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2025. In making these assessments, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessments and those criteria, management determined that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025.
This Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Trading Arrangements
During the quarterly period
ended December 31, 2025, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act)
Additional Information
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors and Executive Officers
As of the date of this Report, our directors and officers are as follows:
| Name: | Age: | Position: | ||
| Elliot Richmond | 46 | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Ben Coates | 54 | Director | ||
| Jeron Smith | 39 | Director | ||
| Cecil White III | 31 | Director |
The experience of our directors and executive officers is as follows:
Elliot Richmond has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer since February 2026. He has served as President of Collective Capital Management LLC since January 2024. He was an Independent Director of Inflection Point Acquisition Corp. II, a special purpose acquisition company, from May 2023 until March 2025 when it completed its business combination with USA Rare Earth, Inc. From April 2021 to June 2023, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Director of Ahren Acquisition Corp. Mr. Richmond had a successful 20-year career in investment banking and was a Partner and Managing Director at Moelis & Company (from 2012 to 2019). Prior to joining Moelis & Company in 2011, Mr. Richmond was Director of Investment Banking, and Head of UK ECM, at Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Throughout his career, Mr. Richmond has advised on over $75 billion worth of mergers & acquisitions and equity offerings. He holds a B.Sc. in Economics from University College London.
Ben Coates is a Director as of the date hereof. He is an experienced company director, global business manager and chief executive officer. Mr. Coates is currently a Director of Global Gas, serving as a member of the audit and risk committee and chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee, having been appointed in December 2023. From August 2021 to April 2023, Mr. Coates was a board member of F45 Training Holdings Inc. (“F45”) (NYSE: FXLV), where he served as a member of F45’s Audit Committee until July 2022, when he was appointed Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Coates undertook a restructure and turnaround of the company on behalf of the board and shareholders, including a recapitalization. F45 operates over 2,000 fitness franchises in over 60 countries. Mr. Coates is currently a Director of Coolgardie Investments, a private investment company that he founded in 2006. Mr. Coates has actively worked with companies affiliated with Coolgardie since 2014 including as a partner with Prime Production, a global translation company based in the United Kingdom, a Director with National Civil Group, an Australian civil contracting business, and Glen Eden Pastoral, an Australian rural business, where he currently serves as a Director. From 2007 to 2014, Mr. Coates held various roles at National Australia Bank (“NAB”) at both the Australia and United Kingdom offices. From 2010 to 2014, Mr. Coates served as Director of Strategy for NAB Europe Ltd. From 2007 to 2010, he served as an Executive Director at NAB Private Wealth in Australia. Prior to joining NAB, Mr. Coates spent several years as General Manager, Funds Management at Hanover Group, where he was responsible for developing and managing the retail and wholesale fund raising activities, as well as chairing the compliance and risk management committee. Mr. Coates commenced his tertiary education studying Civil Engineering at the University of Sydney before completing his Master of Applied Finance at Macquarie University, and his Diploma of Financial Planning at Deakin University. He is also a graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors (GAICD). Mr. Coates’ qualifications to serve on our Board include his breadth of financial and public company management experience, including as a Director of Global Gas Corporation, Director and Interim Chief Executive Officer of F45, an investor and founder of Coolgardie Investments, and from prior roles with National Australia Bank.
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Jeron Smith is a Director as of the date hereof. Mr. Smith was a Director of Dune I from June 2020 until December 2023. Mr. Smith serves as Director and Member of the Audit, Compensation, and Nominating Committees of Global Gas. Mr. Smith founded Unanimous Media with business partner Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors. Mr. Smith has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Unanimous since its inception. Unanimous develops and produces television, film and digital content. Unanimous launched in April 2018 in partnership with Sony Pictures Entertainment. In 2021, Mr. Smith partnered with Michael Jordan and his son, Jeffrey Michael Jordan, to found Heir Inc., an entertainment and tech venture geared towards athletes. In conjunction with Sony Pictures Entertainment, Mr. Smith is also a founder of The Incubation Lab, a culture-forward media incubator founded in 2019. Mr. Smith is a seasoned leader in brand management, helping spearhead the launch of Stephen Curry 30 Inc., as Chief Marketing Officer, from January 2017 to January 2019, and overseeing Mr. Curry’s holistic brand strategy and partnership portfolio. In his role at Stephen Curry 30 Inc., Mr. Smith developed an industry-leading benchmark formula for player marketing and engineered various prominent partnership deals. Prior to teaming up with Mr. Curry, Mr. Smith worked at the White House Office of Digital Strategy under President Barack Obama from 2015 to 2017, where he developed and implemented a comprehensive digital strategy for the Executive Office of the President including digital content, media partners, whitehouse.gov, as well as @whitehouse and @POTUS social media channels for specific policy initiatives. Before joining the White House, Mr. Smith served as a Brand Marketing Strategic Lead across several categories and territories at Nike Inc. While there, Mr. Smith leveraged the integrated marketing mix to launch and lead disruptive marketing campaigns. In 2015, Mr. Smith was recognized on Forbes’ 30 under 30 list for Marketing and Advertising and the Ad Age 40 Under 40 list, and his expertise in digital marketing is highlighted through his published research in the International Journal of Mobile Marketing. Mr. Smith holds a B.A. in Business Administration from Howard University, and Master’s degrees from Georgetown University and Columbia University. Mr. Smith’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his deal structuring, operational and marketing expertise.
Cecil White III is a Director as of the date hereof. Mr. White was a Director of Dune I from February 2023 until December 2023. Since November 2018, Mr. White has served as an Agent at William Morris Endeavor (WME) focused on business development for talent and properties. At WME, Mr. White has steered over 150 brand endorsements, equity-based partnerships, and sponsorships with some of the world’s fastest-growing companies, such as Tonal, Away Luggage, Talkspace, BodyArmor, Zeel, Asutra, HyperIce, Adidas, Jordan Brand, Gatorade, Beats by Dre, Lemon Perfect, Mercedes Benz, and others. In 2020, he co-founded The InvescoQQQ Legacy Classic, a new property headlined by a nationally-televised collegiate basketball showcase focused on spotlighting HBCU life & culture; the event is co-owned by Endeavor, Michael B. Jordan, Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment, and Horizon Media. Mr. White began his career as an Investment Banker at Barclays (NYSE: BCS) covering the consumer retail and healthcare industries. He was an Echols Scholar at the University of Virginia, where he received his Bachelor of Science in Commerce with concentrations in Finance, Management, and Business Analytics and a minor in African American studies. Cecil was listed on Forbes 30 Under 30 (2020) and Sports Business Journal’s New Voices Under 30 (2020). Mr. White’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors include his business development, financial and investment banking expertise.
Concurrently with New Sponsor Closing, Mr. Coates, Mr. Smith, and Ms. White (the “Resigning Directors”) delivered their resignations, effective upon expiration of all applicable waiting periods under Section 14(f) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14f-1 thereunder—upon the 10th day following the mailing by us of an information statement to our Public Shareholders advising them of the Sponsor Transaction and the other transactions contemplated by the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement, including the change in control of a majority of our Board of Directors and new members of our Board of Directors will be appointed by the New Sponsor. As a result of the foregoing, the Resigning Directors will be replaced by a new Board of Directors.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers or directors or our Advisor.
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Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
There are no material proceedings to which any director or executive officer, or any associate of any such director or officer is a party adverse to our Company, or has a material interest adverse to our Company.
Advisor
Carter Glatt has served as our Advisor since February 2026. He was previously our Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman from our inception to February 2026. Mr. Glatt was Chief Executive Officer and Director of Dune I from June 2020 until December 2023. Mr. Glatt guided Dune I through its business combination with Global Gas, a nascent industrial gas project developer and supplier. Mr. Glatt has served as the Chairman of Global Gas since December 2023. From May 2018 to April 2020, Mr. Glatt served as the Head of Corporate Development and Senior Vice President of GTY, a SaaS company that offers a cloud-based suite of solutions for the public sector. GTY was formerly a SPAC founded by the former chairmen of EMC Corporation, VMware, Inc. and Accenture PLC. In such role, Mr. Glatt oversaw, or was directly involved in, all M&A, joint venture, capital raising, investor relations and strategic alternatives efforts for GTY. Mr. Glatt’s SPAC expertise and operational leadership is complemented by his background in investment banking. He began his career at Barclays (NYSE: BCS), covering the financial technology, consumer retail and healthcare industries. Mr. Glatt holds a BA with Honors from Dartmouth College. Mr. Glatt’s qualifications to serve on the board include his expertise in SPACs, deal sourcing, M&A structuring, and capital raising.
Our Advisor (i) assists us in sourcing and negotiating with potential Business Combination targets, (ii) provides business insights when we assess potential Business Combination targets and (iii) upon our request, provides business insights as we work to create additional value in the businesses that we acquire. However, our Advisor has no written advisory agreement with us. Additionally, our Advisor has no other employment or compensation arrangements with us. Moreover, our Advisor is not under any fiduciary obligations to us nor does our Advisor perform Board or committee functions, nor does our Advisor have any voting or decision-making capacity on our behalf. Our Advisor is also not required to devote any specific amount of time to our efforts. Accordingly, if our Advisor becomes aware of a Business Combination opportunity that is suitable for any of the entities to which our Advisor has fiduciary or contractual obligations (including other blank check companies), our Advisor will honor their fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such business combination opportunity to such entity, and only present it to us if such entity rejects the opportunity. We may modify or expand our roster of advisors as we source potential Business Combination targets or create value in businesses that we may acquire.
Number and Terms of Office of Officers and Directors
Our board of directors will consist of five members and will be divided into three classes with only one class of directors being appointed in each year, and with each class (except for those directors appointed prior to our first annual general meeting) serving a three-year term. Prior to the closing of our initial business combination, only holders of our Class B Ordinary Shares will be entitled to vote on the appointment and removal of directors or continuing our company in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including any special resolution required to amend our constitutional documents or to adopt new constitutional documents, in each case, as a result of our approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands). Holders of our public shares will not be entitled to vote on such matters during such time. These provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association relating to these rights of holders of Class B Ordinary Shares may be amended by a special resolution passed by the affirmative vote of at least 90% (or, where such amendment is proposed in respect of the consummation of our initial business combination, two-thirds) of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company. In accordance with Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual general meeting until one year after our first fiscal year end following our listing on Nasdaq. The term of office of the first class of directors, which will be Mr. White, will expire at our first annual general meeting. The term of office of the second class of directors, which will consist of Messrs. Coates and Smith, will expire at the second annual general meeting. The term of office of the third class of directors, which will consist of Messrs. Glatt and Castaldy, will expire at the third annual general meeting.
Our officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. Our board of directors is authorized to appoint officers as it deems appropriate pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
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Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and a compensation committee (the “Compensation Committee”). Subject to phase-in rules, the Nasdaq Rules and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act require that the audit committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors. Each committee operates under a charter that has been approved by our Board and has the composition and responsibilities described below.
Audit Committee
We have established the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Messrs. Coates, Smith and White serve as the members of our Audit Committee. Under the Nasdaq Rules and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have three members of the Audit Committee, all of whom must be independent. Messrs. Coates, Smith and White are each independent.
Mr. White serves as the chairman of the Audit Committee. Each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate and our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. White qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.
We have adopted a charter of the Audit Committee, which details the principal functions of the Audit Committee, including:
| ● | assisting with Board oversight of (i) the integrity of our financial statements, (ii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (iii) our independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, and (iv) the performance of our internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm and any other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us; |
| ● | pre-approving all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures; reviewing and discussing with the independent registered public accounting firm all relationships the independent registered public accounting firm have with us in order to evaluate their continued independence; |
| ● | setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations; obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent registered public accounting firm describing (i) the independent registered public accounting firm’s internal quality-control procedures and (ii) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the independent registered public accounting firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues; |
| ● | meeting to review and discuss our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, including reviewing our specific disclosures under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; reviewing and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and |
| ● | reviewing with management, the independent registered public accounting firm, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the FASB, the SEC or other regulatory authorities; |
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Compensation Committee
We have established the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. The members of our Compensation Committee are Messrs. Coates, Smith and White. Mr. Smith serves as chair of the Compensation Committee. Under the Nasdaq Rules and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have a Compensation Committee of at least two members, all of whom must be independent. Messrs. Coates, Smith and White are each independent.
We have adopted a charter of the Compensation Committee, which details the principal functions of the Compensation Committee, including:
| ● | reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation; |
| ● | reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors with respect to the compensation, and any incentive compensation and equity based plans that are subject to Board approval of all of our other officers; |
| ● | reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans; |
| ● | implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans; |
| ● | assisting Management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements; |
| ● | approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our executive officers and employees; |
| ● | producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and |
| ● | reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.. |
The charter also provides that the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser and is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser or entity. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the Compensation Committee will consider the independence of each such adviser or entity, including the factors required by Nasdaq and the SEC.
Director Nominations
We do not have a standing nominating committee though we would form a corporate governance and nominating committee as and when required to do so by law or the Nasdaq Rules. In accordance with Rule 5605(e)(2) of the Nasdaq Rules, a majority of the independent directors may recommend a director nominee for selection by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors believes that the independent directors can satisfactorily carry out the responsibility of properly selecting or approving director nominees without the formation of a standing nominating committee. The directors who participate in the consideration and recommendation of director nominees are Messrs. Coates, Smith and White. In accordance with Rule 5605(e)(1)(A) of the Nasdaq Rules, all such directors are independent. As there is no standing nominating committee, we do not have a nominating committee charter in place.
The Board of Directors also consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to stand for appointment at the next annual general meeting (or, if applicable, an extraordinary general meeting). Our shareholders that wish to nominate a director for appointment to our Board of Directors should follow the procedures set forth in our Amended and Restated Charter.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, our Board of Directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom and the ability to represent the best interests of our shareholders. Prior to our initial Business Combination, our Public Shareholders do not have the right to recommend director candidates for nomination to our Board of Directors.
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Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, applicable to our directors, officers and employees (the “Code of Ethics”). A copy of the Code of Ethics and the charters of the committees of our Board of Directors will be provided without charge upon request from us. If we make any amendments to our Code of Ethics other than technical, administrative or other non-substantive amendments, or grant any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code of Ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules or the Nasdaq Rules, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website. The information included on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Report or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our website are intended to be inactive textual references only.
The foregoing description of the Code of Ethics does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the Code of Ethics, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 14 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Trading Policies
On May 8, 2025, we
The foregoing description of the Insider Trading Policy does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the Insider Trading Policy, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 19 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Compensation Recovery and Clawback Policy
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in the event of misconduct that results in a financial restatement that would have reduced a previously paid incentive amount, we can recoup those improper payments from our executive officers. The SEC has also adopted the SEC Clawback Rule that directs national stock exchanges to require listed companies to implement policies intended to recoup bonuses paid to executives if the company is found to have misstated its financial results.
On May 8, 2025, our Board of Directors approved the adoption of the Executive Compensation Clawback Policy (the “Clawback Policy”), in order to comply with the SEC Clawback Rule, and the Nasdaq Rules, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5608 (the “Nasdaq Clawback Rules”).
The Clawback Policy provides for the mandatory recovery of erroneously awarded incentive-based compensation from our current and former executive officers as defined in the SEC Clawback Rule (“Covered Officers”) in the event that we are required to prepare an accounting restatement, in accordance with the Nasdaq Clawback Rules. The recovery of such compensation applies regardless of whether a Covered Officer engaged in misconduct or otherwise caused or contributed to the requirement of an accounting restatement. Under the Clawback Policy, our Board of Directors may recoup from the Covered Officers erroneously awarded incentive compensation received within a lookback period of the three completed fiscal years preceding the date on which we are required to prepare an accounting restatement.
The foregoing description of the Clawback Policy does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the Clawback Policy, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 97 and is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation.
None of our executive officers or directors have received any cash compensation for services rendered to us as of the date of this Report.
Our Audit Committee reviews on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our Sponsor, executive officers or directors, or our or their affiliates. Any such payments prior to an initial Business Combination are made from funds held outside the Trust Account. Other than quarterly Audit Committee review of such reimbursements, we do not have any additional controls in place governing our reimbursement or payments to our directors and executive officers for their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with our activities on our behalf in connection with identifying and consummating an initial Business Combination.
We are not prohibited from paying any fees (including advisory fees), reimbursements or cash payments to our Sponsor, officers or directors, or our or their affiliates, for services rendered to us prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, including the following payments, all of which, if made prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination, have been and will continue to be paid from funds held outside the Trust Account:
| ● | Repayment of up to an aggregate of $150,000 in loans made to us by our Sponsor to cover offering-related and organizational expenses pursuant to the IPO Promissory Note. As of December 31, 2025, the IPO Promissory Note had been paid in full and borrowings under the IPO Promissory Note are no longer available |
| ● | Reimbursement for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support made available to us by an affiliate of our Old Sponsor, and subsequently New Sponsor, in an amount equal to $15,000 per month through the earlier of consummation of the initial Business Combination and our liquidation, pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement; |
| ● | Payment of consulting, success or finder fees to our independent directors or our Advisor or their respective affiliates in connection with the consummation of our initial Business Combination; |
| ● | We may engage our New Sponsor or an affiliate of our New Sponsor as an advisor or otherwise in connection with our initial Business Combination and certain other transactions and pay such person or entity a salary or fee in an amount that constitutes a market standard for comparable transactions; |
| ● | Reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses related to identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing an initial Business Combination; and |
| ● | Repayment of Working Capital Loans that may be made by our New Sponsor or an affiliate of our Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial Business Combination. Up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. Except for the foregoing, the terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such Working Capital Loans. |
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After the completion of our initial Business Combination, directors or members of our Management Team who remain with us may be paid consulting or management fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to shareholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation materials or tender offer materials furnished to our shareholders in connection with a proposed Business Combination. We have not established any limit on the amount of such fees that may be paid by the combined company to the members of our Management Team. The amount of such compensation may not be known at the time of the proposed Business Combination, because the directors of the post-Business Combination business will be responsible for determining executive officer and director compensation.
Any compensation to be paid to our executive officers will be determined, or recommended to the Board of Directors for determination, either by the Compensation Committee, which consists solely of independent directors, or by a majority of the independent directors on our Board of Directors.
We do not intend to take any action to ensure that members of our Management Team maintain their positions with the post-Business Combination company after the consummation of our initial Business Combination, although it is possible that some or all of our executive officers and directors may negotiate employment or consulting arrangements to remain with the post-Business Combination company after our initial Business Combination. The existence or terms of any such employment or consulting arrangements to retain their positions with us may influence our Management’s motivation in identifying or selecting a target business, but we do not believe that the ability of our Management to remain with the post-Business Combination company after the consummation of our initial Business Combination will be a determining factor in our decision to proceed with any potential Business Combination. We are not party to any agreements with our executive officers and directors that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of March 10, 2026 based on information obtained from the persons named below, with respect to the beneficial ownership of Ordinary Shares, by:
| ● | each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | each of our executive officers and directors that beneficially owns our Ordinary Shares; and |
| ● | all our executive officers and directors as a group. |
In the table below, percentage ownership is based on 20,232,813 shares of our Ordinary Shares, consisting of (i) 14,482,813 Class A Ordinary Shares and (ii) 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, issued and outstanding as of March 10, 2026. On all matters to be voted upon, except for (x) the appointment and removal of directors of the Board and (y) continuing our Company in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands, holders of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by applicable law. Only holders of Class B Ordinary Shares have the right to vote on the appointment and removal of directors prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination and on a vote to continue our Company in a jurisdiction outside of the Cayman Islands. Currently, all of the Class B Ordinary Shares are convertible into Class A Ordinary Shares on a one-for-one basis.
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Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them. The following table does not reflect record or beneficial ownership of the Private Placement Warrants as such Private Placement Warrants are not exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Report.
| Class A Ordinary Shares | Class B Ordinary Shares | Approximate Percentage |
||||||||||||||||||
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned |
Approximate Percentage of Class |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned |
Approximate Percentage of Class |
of Total Outstanding Ordinary Shares |
|||||||||||||||
| Collective Acquisition Sponsor LLC (1)(2)(3) | - | - | 4,475,000 | 77.8 | % | - | ||||||||||||||
| Elliot Richmond (1)(2)(3) | - | - | 4,475,000 | 77.8 | % | - | ||||||||||||||
| David Bailin (1) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Jeremy Sziklay (1) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Ben Coates (4) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Jeron Smith (4) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Cecil White III (4) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| All officers and directors as a group (five person) | - | - | 5,750,000 | 77.8 | % | 28.4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Other 5% Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC (2)(4)(5) | - | - | 1,275,000 | 22.2 | % | 6.30 | % | |||||||||||||
| Magnetar Parties (6) | 850,000 | 5.87 | % | - | - | 4.20 | % | |||||||||||||
| Aristeia Capital, L.L.C. (7) | 1,100,000 | 7.60 | % | - | - | 5.44 | % | |||||||||||||
| Tenor Parties (8) | 1,000,000 | 6.90 | % | - | - | 4.94 | % | |||||||||||||
| (1) | The principal business address for this shareholder is c/o Collective Acquisition Sponsor LLC, 12955 Biscayne Boulevard Suite 200 PMB 616, Miami, Florida 33181. | |
| (2) | Interests shown consist solely of Founder Shares, classified as Class B Ordinary Shares. Such shares will (unless otherwise provided in our initial Business Combination agreement) automatically convert into Class A Ordinary Shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of our initial Business Combination, and may be converted at any time prior to our initial Business Combination, at the option of the holder, on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment. | |
| (3) | Collective Acquisition Sponsor LLC, the New Sponsor, is the record holder of such Class B Ordinary Shares. Mr. Richmond is the sole managing member of the New Sponsor and holds voting and investment discretion with respect to the Class B Ordinary Shares held of record by the New Sponsor. Mr. Richmond disclaims any beneficial ownership of the securities held by the New Sponsor other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may have therein, directly or indirectly. | |
| (4) | The principal business address for this shareholder is c/o Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC, 700 S. Rosemary Avenue, Suite 204, West Palm Beach, FL 33401. |
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| (5) | Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC, the Old Sponsor, is the record holder of such Class B Ordinary Shares. Mr. Glatt is the sole managing member of the Old Sponsor and holds voting and investment discretion with respect to the Class B Ordinary Shares held of record by the Old Sponsor. Mr. Glatt disclaims any beneficial ownership of the securities held by the Old Sponsor other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may have therein, directly or indirectly. | |
| (6) | The reported position is according to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on August 8, 2025 by (i) Magnetar Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Magnetar Financial”), (ii) Magnetar Capital Partners LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Magnetar Capital Partners”), (iii) Supernova Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Supernova Management”), and (iv) David J. Snyderman, a citizen of the United States (“Mr. Snyderman”, collectively with Magnetar Financial, Magnetar Capital Partners and Supernova Management, the “Magnetar Parties”), in connection with Public Shares held for the following funds (collectively, the Magnetar Funds”): (a) Magnetar Constellation Master Fund, Ltd, Magnetar Xing He Master Fund Ltd, Magnetar SC Fund Ltd, Purpose Alternative Credit Fund Ltd, all Cayman Islands exempted companies and (b) Magnetar Structured Credit Fund, LP, a Delaware limited partnership and Magnetar Alpha Star Fund LLC, Magnetar Lake Credit Fund LLC, Magnetar Waterfront Series A LLC, all Delaware limited liability companies. Magnetar Financial serves as the investment adviser to the Magnetar Funds, and as such, Magnetar Financial exercises voting and investment power over the Public Shares held for the Magnetar Funds’ accounts. Magnetar Capital Partners serves as the sole member and parent holding company of Magnetar Financial. Supernova Management is the general partner of Magnetar Capital Partners. The manager of Supernova Management is Mr. Snyderman. The principal business address of each of the Magnetar Parties is 1603 Orrington Avenue, 13th Floor, Evanston, Illinois 60201. | |
| (7) | The reported position is according to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on August 14, 2025. The principal business address of Aristeia Capital, L.L.C. is One Greenwich Plaza, Suite 300, Greenwhich, Connecticut 06830. | |
| (8) | The reported position is according to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on May 30, 2025 by (i) Tenor Capital Management Company, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Tenor Capital”), (ii) Tenor Opportunity Master Fund, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Tenor Opportunity”), (iii) Robin Shah, a citizen of the United States (“Mr. Shah”, collectively with Tenor Capital and Tenor Opportunity, the “Tenor Parties”), in connection with Public Shares held by Tenor Opportunity. Tenor Capital serves as the investment manager to the Opportunity. Mr. Shah serves as the managing member of Tenor Management GP, LLC, the general partner of Tenor Capital. By virtue of these relationships, the Tenor Parties may be deemed to have shared voting and dispositive power with respect to the Public Shares owned directly by the Tenor Opportunity. The principal business address of each of the Tenor Parties is 810 Seventh Avenue, Suite 1905, New York, New York 10019. |
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
None.
Changes in Control
None.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
On September 27, 2024, the Old Sponsor paid $25,000 to cover offering costs in consideration of 6,900,000 Founder Shares. On April 22, 2025, the number of outstanding founder shares was reduced to 5,750,000. Following and as a result of the reduction of Founder Shares, the Old Sponsor is deemed to have purchased the Founder Shares for $0.004 per share.
The number of Founder Shares outstanding was determined based on the expectation that the total size of the Initial Public Offering would be a maximum of 14,375,000 Units if the Over-Allotment Option was exercised in full, and therefore that such Founder Shares would represent approximately 28.4% of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares after the Initial Public Offering. Up to 750,000 Founder Shares were to be surrendered for no consideration depending on the extent to which the Over-Allotment Option was exercised. On May 8, 2025, the Over-Allotment Option was exercised in full and such Founder Shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.
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Pursuant to the Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement, the Old Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants, at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000 in the Private Placement that closed simultaneously with our Initial Public Offering. Each Private Placement Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at $11.50 per share. The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants included as part of the Units sold in our Initial Public Offering, subject to certain limited exceptions as described in the IPO Registration Statement, including certain transfer restrictions. If we do not complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless. The Private Placement Warrants (and underlying securities) are identical to the Public Warrants sold in the Initial Public Offering.
On January 30, 2026, we, the New Sponsor, the Old Sponsor, the Sponsor Member, the Non-Managing Members, and the Non-Managing Investors entered into the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement pursuant to which New Sponsor has agreed to purchase from the Sponsor the Transferred Interest, an aggregate of (i) 4,475,000 Class B Ordinary Shares and (ii) 1,000,000 Private Placement Warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if a definitive business combination agreement is not entered into by the Option Date, May 7, 2026, the Sponsor Member shall be entitled to the Repurchase Right, to repurchase the Transferred Interests from the New Sponsor for a purchase price of $2,000,000. The Repurchase Right may be exercised only during the Option Period, commencing on the Option Date and ending at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date that is five (5) days after the Option Date, by delivery of written notice of exercise to the New Sponsor in accordance with the terms set forth in the Purchase Agreement. If the Sponsor Member does not exercise the Repurchase Right within the Option Period, the Repurchase Right shall automatically terminate and be of no further force or effect.
Prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, there may be payment by us to each of the New Sponsor Parties, and our advisor, or our or their respective affiliates, of a finder’s fee, advisory fee, consulting fee or success fee for any services they render in order to effectuate the completion of our initial Business Combination, which, if made prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination, will be paid from funds held outside the Trust Account.
Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, commenced on May 6, 2025, through the earlier of consummation of the initial Business Combination and our liquidation, we pay an aggregate of $15,000 per month for office space, utilities, and secretarial and administrative support. For the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, we incurred and paid $20,000 in fees for these services pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement. Pursuant to the New Sponsor Purchase Agreement and the Joinder to the Administrative Services Agreement, such monthly payments are being made to the New Sponsor.
On September 30, 2024, the Old Sponsor agreed to loan us an aggregate of up to $150,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering as pursuant to the IPO Promissory Note. Such IPO Promissory Note was amended and restated on February 27, 2025. This loan was non-interest-bearing and payable on the earlier of June 30, 2025, or the date on which we consummated the Initial Public Offering. We repaid all the outstanding balance of the IPO Promissory Note at the closing of the Initial Public Offering on November 18, 2024. At the time of the Initial Public Offering, the Company had borrowed $150,000 under the IPO Promissory Note. Such IPO Promissory Note was repaid in full at the close of the Initial Public Offering and borrowings under the IPO Promissory Note are no longer allowed.
In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial Business Combination, the New Sponsor or an affiliate of the New Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us Working Capital Loans as may be required on a non-interest basis. If we complete an initial Business Combination, we would repay such Working Capital Loans unless they are converted into warrants, as described below. In the event that the initial Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such Working Capital Loans, but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. Except as set forth above, the terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such Working Capital Loans. Prior to the completion of our initial Business Combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than the New Sponsor or an affiliate of the New Sponsor as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our Trust Account.
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Each of the New Sponsor Parties, or any of their respective affiliates, are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable Business Combinations. Our Audit Committee reviews, on a quarterly basis, all payments that were made to each of the New Sponsor Parties and to their respective affiliates. Any such payments prior to an initial Business Combination, including any of the foregoing payments to the New Sponsor, repayments of loans from the New Sponsor or repayments of Working Capital Loans, have been and will continue to be made using funds held outside the Trust Account.
After our initial Business Combination, members of our Management Team who remain with us may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the combined company with any and all amounts being fully disclosed to our shareholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, furnished to our shareholders. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of distribution of such tender offer materials or at the time of a general meeting held to consider our initial Business Combination, as applicable, as it will be up to the directors of the post-combination business to determine executive and director compensation.
Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the holders of the (i) Founder Shares, (ii) Private Placement Warrants and (iii) warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans (and in each case holders of their underlying securities, as applicable) have registration rights to require us to register a sale of any of our securities held by them and any other securities of our Company acquired by them prior to the consummation of our initial Business Combination (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to our Class A Ordinary Shares). The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to our completion of our initial Business Combination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, Clear Street may only make a demand on one occasion and only during the five-year period beginning on the date the sales for the Initial Public Offering commenced. In addition, Clear Street may participate in a “piggy-back” registration only during the seven-year period beginning on the date the sales for the Initial Public Offering commenced. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
The Old Sponsor Parties and the New Sponsor Parties have also entered into the Letter Agreement, with us, pursuant to which, they have waived their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Founder Shares held by them if we fail to complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if any of the Old Sponsor Parties or the New Sponsor Parties acquired Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such Public Shares if we fail to complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period.
Additionally, pursuant to the Letter Agreement, each of the New Sponsor Parties will not propose any amendment to our Amended and Restated Memorandum (i) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of our Public Shares if we do not complete our initial Business Combination within the Combination Period or (ii) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity, in each case, unless we provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, if any, divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares.
Director Independence
The Nasdaq Rules require that a majority of our Board of Directors be independent within one year of our Initial Public Offering. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person who, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company). Our Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs. Coates, Smith and White are “independent directors” as defined in the Nasdaq Rules and applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The firm of Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C, acts as our independent registered public accounting firm. The following is a summary of fees paid to Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C for services rendered.
Audit Fees
Audit fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C in connection with regulatory filings. The aggregate fees of Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of the financial information included in our Forms 10-Q for the respective periods and other required filings with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, 2024 totaled approximately $62,678 and $20,550, respectively. The above amounts include interim procedures and audit fees, as well as attendance at Audit Committee meetings.
Audit-Related Fees
Audit-related fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. We did not pay Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C for any audit-related fees for the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, 2024.
Tax Fees
Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice. We did not pay Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C for tax services, planning or advice for the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, 2024.
All Other Fees
All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services. We did not pay Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C for any other services for the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, 2024.
Pre-Approval Policy
Our Audit Committee was formed upon the consummation of our Initial Public Offering. As a result, the Audit Committee did not pre-approve all of the foregoing services, although any services rendered prior to the formation of our Audit Committee were approved by our Board of Directors. Since the formation of our Audit Committee, and on a going-forward basis, the Audit Committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services performed and to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit).
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.
| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of this Report: |
| (1) | Financial Statement |
| (2) | Financial Statement Schedules |
All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial and not required, or the required information is presented in the financial statements and notes thereto beginning on page F-1 of this Report.
| (3) | Exhibits |
We hereby file as part of this Report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. Exhibits that are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
Omitted at our Company’s option.
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DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders
of Dune Acquisition Corporation II
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Dune Acquisition Corporation II (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and the related statements of operations, shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph — Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company does not have sufficient cash to sustain its operations and the Company’s ability to execute its business plan is dependent upon obtaining additional financing and completion of a business combination. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
GRASSI & CO., CPAs, P.C.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
March 13, 2026
F-2
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Deferred offering costs | ||||||||
| Marketable securities held in Trust Account | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued offering costs | ||||||||
| Promissory note – related party | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred underwriting fee payable | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6) | ||||||||
| Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption |
||||||||
| Shareholders’ Deficit | ||||||||
| Preference shares, $ |
||||||||
| Class A ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
| Class B ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Total Shareholders’ Deficit | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | $ | $ | ||||||
| (1) |
|
| (2) |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Formation and general and administrative costs | $ | $ | ||||||
| Loss from operations | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| OTHER INCOME | ||||||||
| Income earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | ||||||||
| Total other income | ||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding, Class A redeemable ordinary shares | ||||||||
| Basic net income per share, Class A redeemable ordinary shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A redeemable ordinary shares | ||||||||
| Diluted net income per share, Class A redeemable ordinary shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares (1)(2) | ||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares (2) | ||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| (1) |
|
| (2) |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND
FOR THE PERIOD FROM SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2024
| Class A Ordinary Shares |
Class B Ordinary Shares |
Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Shareholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance — September 13, 2024 (Inception) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance — December 31, 2024(1)(2) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Representative Shares | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of |
— | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of Public Warrants at issuance | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocated value of transaction costs to Class A shares | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accretion for Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (1) |
|
| (2) |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Year Ended December 31, |
For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, |
|||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | ( |
) | ||||||
| Payment of operating costs through promissory note | ||||||||
| Payment of operating costs through advances from related party | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( |
) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Investment of cash in Trust Account | ( |
) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( |
) | ||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Private Placement Warrants | ||||||||
| Repayment of advances from related party | ( |
) | ||||||
| Proceeds from promissory note – related party | ||||||||
| Repayment of promissory note – related party | ( |
) | ||||||
| Payment of offering costs | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net Change in Cash | ||||||||
| Cash – Beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash – End of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-Cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Offering costs included in accrued offering costs | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of Class A Representative Shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption value | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred underwriting fee payable | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Dune Acquisition Corporation II (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on September 13, 2024. The Company was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). The Company has not selected any specific Business Combination target and the Company has not, nor has anyone on its behalf, engaged in any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with any Business Combination target with respect to an initial Business Combination with the Company.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2025 relates to the Company’s formation, initial public offering (the “Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and subsequent to the Initial Public Offering, identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income on cash and cash equivalents in the form of interest income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering. The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.
The Company’s Sponsor is Dune Acquisition
Holdings II LLC (the “Sponsor”). The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared
effective on May 6, 2025. On May 8, 2025, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of
Transaction costs amounted to $
The Company’s Business Combination must
be with one or more target businesses that together have a fair market value equal to at least
F-7
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS (cont.)
Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering
on May 8, 2025, an amount of $
The Company will provide the Company’s
public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem, regardless of whether they abstain, vote for, or against, the Company’s initial
business combination, all or a portion of their public shares upon the completion of the initial Business Combination either (i) in
connection with a general meeting called to approve the initial Business Combination or (ii) without a shareholder vote by means
of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a proposed initial Business Combination or
conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The public shareholders will be entitled to redeem their
shares at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days
prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (which
interest shall be net of taxes payable) and not previously released to the Company, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares,
subject to the limitations. The amount in the Trust Account is initially $
The ordinary shares subject to redemption will be recorded at a redemption value and classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.”
The Company will have only the duration of the
Completion Window to complete the initial Business Combination. However, if the Company is unable to complete its initial Business Combination
within the Completion Window, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly
as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter (and subject to lawfully available funds therefor), redeem
the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including
interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable and less up to $
F-8
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS (cont.)
The Sponsor, New Sponsor (as defined in Note
10), officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with the Company, pursuant to which they have agreed to (i) waive
their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares and public shares in connection with the completion of the initial Business
Combination; (ii) waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares and public shares in connection with a shareholder
vote to approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the
substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the initial business combination or to redeem
The Company’s New Sponsor has agreed that
it will be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company,
or a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar
agreement or Business Combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had operating
cash and cash equivalents of $
In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with ASC 205-40, “Going Concern,” as of December 31, 2025, the Company may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its New Sponsor, shareholders, officers, directors, or third parties. The Company’s officers, directors and New Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. The Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of time within one year after the date that the accompanying financial statements are issued. Management plans to address this uncertainty through a Business Combination.
F-9
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the SEC.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Emerging Growth Company (cont.)
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
F-10
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Use of Estimates (cont.)
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments
with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2025, substantially all of the
assets in the Trust Account amounting to $
Offering Costs
The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, — “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees that are related to the Initial Public Offering. FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. The Company applies this guidance to allocate Initial Public Offering proceeds from the Units between Class A ordinary shares and warrants, using the residual method by allocating Initial Public Offering proceeds first to assigned value of the warrants and then to the Class A ordinary shares. Offering costs allocated to the Class A ordinary shares will be charged to temporary equity and offering costs allocated to the Public and Private Placement Warrants were charged to shareholder’s equity as Public and Private Placement Warrants after management’s evaluation were accounted for under equity treatment.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under the FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
| ● | Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets; |
| ● | Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly
observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets
that are not active; and |
F-11
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Fair Value Measurements (cont.)
| ● | Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. |
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2025, there were unrecognized tax benefits and amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman
Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing
requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was
Warrant Instruments
The Company accounted for the Public and Private Placement Warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Accordingly, the Company evaluated and classified the warrant instruments under equity treatment at their assigned values.
Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
The public shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies public shares subject to possible redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2025, the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit section of the Company’s balance sheets.
F-12
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption (cont.)
As of December 31, 2025, the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption reflected in the balance sheets are reconciled in the following table:
| Gross proceeds | $ | |||
| Less: | ||||
| Proceeds allocated to public warrants | ( |
) | ||
| Class A ordinary shares issuance costs | ( |
) | ||
| Plus: | ||||
| Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | ||||
| Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2025 | $ |
Net Income (Loss) per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” The Company has two classes of shares, which are referred to as Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of shares. Net income (loss) per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the respective period. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders adjusts the basic net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for the potentially dilutive impact of outstanding warrants. However, because the warrants are anti-dilutive, they have been excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per ordinary share for the periods presented.
With respect to the accretion of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption and consistent with ASC Topic 480-10-S99-3A, the Company treated accretion in the same manner as a dividend paid to the shareholders in the calculation of the net income (loss) per ordinary share.
F-13
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Net Income (Loss) per Ordinary Share (cont.)
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share:
| For the Year Ended | For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through |
|||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Class A redeemable |
Class A and Class B Non-redeemable |
Class A redeemable |
Class A and Class B Non-redeemable |
|||||||||||||
| Basic net income(loss) per ordinary share | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||||||||
| Denominator | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average ordinary shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||||||||
| For the Year Ended | For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through |
|||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Class A redeemable |
Class A and Class B Non-redeemable |
Class A redeemable |
Class A and Class B Non-redeemable |
|||||||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||||||||
| Denominator | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | ||||||||||
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject
the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal
Depository Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $
F-14
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on September 13, 2024 (inception).
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.
The Company does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
NOTE 3 — INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering on May
8, 2025, the Company will sold
Warrants — As
of December 31, 2025, there were
The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, or a valid exemption from registration is available. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue a Class A ordinary share upon exercise of a warrant unless the Class A ordinary share issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a warrant, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any warrant. In the event that a registration statement is not effective for the exercised warrants, or a valid exemption from registration is not available, the purchaser of a unit containing such warrant will have paid the full purchase price for the unit solely for the Class A ordinary share underlying such unit.
F-15
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 3 — INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (cont.)
Under the terms of the warrant agreement, the
Company has agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than
If the holders exercise their public warrants on a cashless basis, they would pay the warrant exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of Class A ordinary shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of Class A ordinary shares underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” of the Class A ordinary shares over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” is the average reported closing price of the Class A ordinary shares for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of exercise is received by the warrant agent or on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, as applicable.
Redemption of Warrants When the Price per
Class A Ordinary Share Equals or Exceeds $
| ● | in whole and not in part; |
| ● | at a price of $ |
| ● | upon a minimum of |
| ● | if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $ |
F-16
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 3 — INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (cont.)
Additionally, if the number of outstanding Class A
ordinary shares is increased by a share capitalization payable in Class A ordinary shares, or by a subdivision of ordinary shares
or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such share capitalization, subdivision or similar event, the number of Class A
ordinary shares issuable on exercise of each warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding ordinary shares.
A rights offering made to all or substantially all holders of ordinary shares entitling holders to purchase Class A ordinary shares
at a price less than the fair market value will be deemed a share capitalization of a number of Class A ordinary shares equal to
the product of (i) the number of Class A ordinary shares actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other
equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares) and (ii) the
quotient of (x) the price per Class A ordinary share paid in such rights offering and (y) the fair market value. For these
purposes (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares, in determining
the price payable for Class A ordinary shares, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well
as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion, and (ii) fair market value means the volume weighted average price
of Class A ordinary shares as reported during the ten (
NOTE 4 — PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial
Public Offering on May 8, 2025, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants sold in the Initial Public Offering except that, so long as they are held by the Sponsor, the underwriters, or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants (i) may not (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of these Private Placement Warrants), subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination and (ii) will be entitled to registration rights.
NOTE 5 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
On September 27, 2024, the Sponsor made
a capital contribution of $
F-17
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 5 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (cont.)
Founder Shares (cont.)
The Company’s initial shareholders have
agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of their founder shares and any Class A ordinary shares issued upon conversion thereof
until the earlier to occur of (i)
Promissory Note — Related Party
The Sponsor had agreed to loan the Company an
aggregate of up to $
Administrative Services Agreement
Commencing on the effective date of the Initial
Public Offering, May 6, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with the Sponsor or an affiliate to pay an aggregate of $
Working Capital Loans
In order to fund working capital deficiencies
or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of the Company’s
officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (the “Working Capital Loans”).
If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans. In the event that a Business Combination
does not close, the Company may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans
but no proceeds from the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Up to $
F-18
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 6 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Risks and Uncertainties
The United States and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the geopolitical instability resulting from the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Israel-Hamas conflict. In response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) deployed additional military forces to eastern Europe, and the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and other countries have announced various sanctions and restrictive actions against Russia, Belarus and related individuals and entities, including the removal of certain financial institutions from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication payment system. Certain countries, including the United States, have also provided and may continue to provide military aid or other assistance to Ukraine and to Israel, increasing geopolitical tensions among a number of nations. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the Israel-Hamas conflict and the resulting measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by NATO, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Israel and its neighboring states and other countries have created global security concerns that could have a lasting impact on regional and global economies. Although the length and impact of the ongoing conflicts are highly unpredictable, they could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions and increased cyber-attacks against U.S. companies. Additionally, any resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets.
Any of the above-mentioned factors, or any other negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or other geopolitical conditions resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Israel-Hamas conflict and subsequent sanctions or related actions, could adversely affect the Company’s search for an initial Business Combination and any target business with which the Company may ultimately consummate an initial Business Combination.
Registration Rights
The holders of the (i) founder shares, which were issued in a private placement prior to the closing of the Initial Public Offering, (ii) private placement warrants which will be issued in a private placement simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering and the Class A ordinary shares underlying such private placement warrants and (iii) private placement warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans have registration rights to require the Company to register a sale of any of its securities held and any other securities of the company acquired by them prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on the effective date of the Initial Public Offering. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company registers such securities. In addition, the holders have certain piggyback registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of the initial Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriters were granted a
The underwriters were entitled to an underwriting
discount of $
F-19
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 6 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)
Underwriting Agreement (cont.)
In addition, the underwriters are also entitled
to a deferred underwriting discount of $
Representative Shares
The Company issued
The Representative Shares have been deemed compensation
by FINRA and are therefore subject to a lock-up for a period of
NOTE 7 — SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preference
Shares — The Company is authorized to issue a total of
Class A
Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue a total of
Class B
Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue a total of
F-20
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 7 — SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (cont.)
The founder shares will automatically convert
into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of the initial Business Combination or earlier
at the option of the holder on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations,
recapitalizations and the like, and subject to further adjustment. In the case that additional Class A ordinary shares, or any other
equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts sold in the Initial Public Offering and related to or in
connection with the closing of the initial Business Combination, the ratio at which Class B ordinary shares convert into Class A
ordinary shares will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B ordinary shares agree to waive such
adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion
of all Class B ordinary shares will equal, in the aggregate,
Holders of record of the Company’s Class A
ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares are entitled to
There is no cumulative voting with respect to
the appointment of directors, meaning, following the initial Business Combination, the holders of more than
F-21
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 8 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities).
The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:
| Level 1: | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. |
| Level 2: | Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
| Level 3: | Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. |
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2025, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
| Description | Level | December 31, 2025 |
||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Marketable securities held in Trust account | 1 | $ | ||||||
The Public Warrants were valued using a Monte-Carlo
methodology. The Public Warrants have been classified within shareholders’ deficit and will not require remeasurement after issuance.
On May 9, 2025, a fair value of $
| May 9, 2025 |
||||
| Exercise | $ | |||
| Market price of public shares | $ | |||
| Term (years) | ||||
| Risk-free rate | % | |||
| Volatility | % | |||
F-22
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 9 — SEGMENT REPORTING
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,”
establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic
areas, and major customers.
The Company’s chief operating decision
maker (“CODM”) has been identified as a group that includes the Company’s and Chief Executive Officer, that collectively review the operating results for the Company as a whole to make
decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company only
has
When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation the CODM reviews several key metrics, which include the following:
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Formation and general and administrative costs | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | $ | $ | ||||||
The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by our CODM are interest earned on the Trust Account and formation and general and administrative expenses. The CODM reviews interest earned on the Trust Account to measure and monitor shareholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. General and administrative expenses are reviewed and monitored by the CODM to manage and forecast cash to ensure enough capital is available to complete a business combination within the business combination period. The CODM also reviews general and administrative costs to manage, maintain and enforce all contractual agreements to ensure costs are aligned with all agreements and budget.
NOTE 10 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than as described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.
On January 30, 2026, Collective Acquisition Sponsor
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “New Sponsor”), Dune Acquisition Corporation II, a Cayman Islands exempted
company (the “SPAC”), Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”),
Carter Glatt, as the managing member of Sponsor (the “Sponsor Member”), certain members of the Sponsor named as signatories
thereto (the “Non-Managing Members”) and certain other institutional investors signatories thereto (the “Non-Managing
Investors”, together with the Non-Managing Members and the Sponsor Member, the “Old Sponsor Members”) entered into a
Purchase and Sponsor Handover Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which New Sponsor has agreed to purchase from
the Sponsor, an aggregate of (i)
F-23
DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
NOTE 10 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (cont.)
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if a definitive
business combination agreement is not entered into by May 7, 2026 (the “Option Date”), the Sponsor Member shall have the right
(but not the obligation) to repurchase the Transferred Interests from the New Sponsor for a purchase price of $
The closing of the Transaction and such other transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement (the “Closing”) occurred on February 5, 2026 (the “Closing Date”). The Closing is conditioned upon the delivery of certain documents, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and upon other customary closing conditions.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, among other matters, effective on the Closing Date:
| ● | Carter Glatt, Michael Castaldy, Ben Coates, Jeron Smith and Cecil White have agreed to resign from their positions as directors of the SPAC (collectively, the “Resigning Directors”) effective as of Schedule 14F Change in Control Date (as defined below); |
| ● | Carter Glatt and Michael Castaldy have agreed to resign from their positions as officers of the SPAC (together, the “Resigning Officers”); |
| ● | New Sponsor and each of the directors and officers elected by the New Sponsor have agreed to be bound by the terms of the Letter Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, by and among the SPAC, its executive officers, its directors and the Sponsor (the “Letter Agreement”), through a Joinder Agreement; |
| ● | New Sponsor has agreed to assume the obligations of the Sponsor under the Administrative Services Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2025, entered into between the SPAC and the Sponsor, through a Joinder Agreement, and |
| ● | New Sponsor has agreed to become a party to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2025, entered into between the SPAC and the Sponsor, through a Joinder Agreement. |
Elliot Richmond will serve as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the SPAC, with David Bailin and Jeremy Sziklay serving as independent directors. Carter Glatt, the former Chairman and CEO of the SPAC, will serve as Special Advisor to the SPAC. Concurrently with Closing, the Resigning Directors will deliver their resignations, effective following the Closing upon expiration of all applicable waiting periods under Section 14(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 14f-1 thereunder, and new members of the board of directors of the SPAC (the “Board of Directors”) will be appointed by the New Sponsor. As a result of the foregoing, the Resigning Officers will be replaced by the newly appointed officer and the Resigning Directors will be replaced by a new Board of Directors. On the 10th day following the mailing by the SPAC of an information statement to the stockholders of the SPAC advising them of the Transaction and the other transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, including the change in control of a majority of the Board of Directors, pursuant to Section 14(f) of the Exchange Act, as amended, and Rule 14(f) thereunder (the “Schedule 14F Change in Control Date”), the Resigning Directors will resign as directors and the New Sponsor may appoint new directors.
F-24
EXHIBIT INDEX
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith. |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-285639), filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025. |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 5, 2026. |
48
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| March 13, 2026 | Dune Acquisition Corporation II | |
| By: | /s/ Elliot Richmond | |
| Name: | Elliot Richmond | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Name | Position | Date | ||
| /s/ Elliot Richmond | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | March 13, 2026 | ||
| Elliot Richmond | (Principal Executive Officer, and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Ben Coates | Independent Director | March 13, 2026 | ||
| Ben Coates | ||||
| /s/ Jeron Smith | Independent Director | March 13, 2026 | ||
| Jeron Smith | ||||
| /s/ Cecil White III | Independent Director | March 13, 2026 | ||
| Cecil White III | ||||
49
Exhibit 4.5
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED
As of December 31, 2025, Dune Acquisition Corporation II, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“we,” “our,” “us” or “Company”), had the following three classes of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”): our (i) units (the “Units”), consisting of one Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Class A Ordinary Shares” and with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares included in the Units, the “Public Shares” ) and three-quarters of one redeemable warrant (the “Public Warrants”), (ii) Class A Ordinary Shares, and (iii) Public Warrants, with each whole Public Warrant exercisable for one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share.
Pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and currently in effect (the “Amended and Restated Charter”), our authorized capital stock consists of 220,000,000 Ordinary Shares, including 200,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 20,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Class B Ordinary Shares”, and together with the Class A Ordinary Shares, the “Ordinary Shares”), and 1,000,000 preference shares, $0.0001 par value per share. The following description summarizes the material terms of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our Amended and Restated Charter and the warrant agreement, dated May 6, 2025, we entered into with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Continental”), as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agreement”), each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”) of which this Exhibit 4.5 is a part.
Defined terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Report.
Units
Each Unit consists of one Public Share and three-quarters of one redeemable Public Warrant. Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at a price of $11.50 per share. Pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its Public Warrants only for a whole number of the Class A Ordinary Shares.
Class A Ordinary Shares
Holders of record of Ordinary Shares are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by shareholders at meetings of shareholders. However, only holders of Class B Ordinary Shares have the right to (i) appoint or remove directors in any election held prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, meaning that holders of Class A Ordinary Shares will not have the right to appoint any directors until after the completion of our initial Business Combination and (ii) continue the Company in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including any special resolution required to amend or to adopt a new Amended and Restated Charter, in each case, as a result of our approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands). The provisions of our Amended and Restated Charter governing these matters prior to our initial Business Combination may only be amended by a special resolution passed by the affirmative vote of at least 90% (or, where such amendment is proposed in respect of the consummation of our initial Business Combination, two-thirds) of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of our shareholders. On any other matter submitted to a vote of our shareholders prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and holders of Class B Ordinary Shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders except as required by law. Approval of certain actions will require a special resolution under Cayman Islands law, which (except as outlined above) requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of our shareholders, and pursuant to our Amended and Restated Charter; such actions include amending our Amended and Restated Charter (other than the provisions referred to above) and approving a statutory merger or consolidation with another company. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the appointment of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares entitled to vote and voted for the appointment of directors can appoint all of the directors. Our shareholders are entitled to receive ratable dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor.
We will provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem, regardless of whether they abstain, vote for, or against, our initial Business Combination, all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of our initial Business Combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, subject to the limitations and on the conditions described herein. Our Sponsor, officers and directors have entered into the Letter Agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares and Public Shares in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial Business Combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial Business Combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our Amended and Restated Charter provides that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming such Public Shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in the Initial Public Offering (“Excess Shares”) without our prior consent. However, we would not be restricting our Public Shareholders’ ability to vote all of their Public Shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial Business Combination. Our Public Shareholders’ inability to redeem the Excess Shares will reduce their influence over our ability to complete our initial Business Combination, and such Public Shareholders could suffer a material loss in their investment if they sell such Excess Shares on the open market. Additionally, such Public Shareholders will not receive redemption distributions with respect to the Excess Shares if we complete our initial Business Combination. And, as a result, such Public Shareholders will continue to hold that number of shares exceeding 20% and, in order to dispose such Public Shares would be required to sell their Public Shares in open market transactions, potentially at a loss.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company after a Business Combination, our shareholders are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining available for distribution to them after payment of liabilities and after provision is made for each class of shares, if any, having preference over the Ordinary Shares. Our shareholders have no preemptive or other subscription rights. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the ordinary shares, except that we will provide our Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares for cash at a per share price equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, upon the completion of our initial Business Combination, subject to the limitations and on the conditions described in the Report.
Redeemable Warrants
Each whole Public Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time commencing 30 days after the completion of our initial Business Combination, provided that we have an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available (or we permit holders to exercise their Public Warrants on a cashless basis under the circumstances specified in the Warrant Agreement) and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder.
The Public Warrants will expire seven years after the completion of our initial Business Combination, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
2
We will not be obligated to deliver any Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of a Public Warrant and will have no obligation to settle such Public Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Public Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to our satisfying our obligations described below with respect to registration. No Public Warrant will be exercisable and we will not be obligated to issue a Class A Ordinary Share upon exercise of a Public Warrant unless the Class A Ordinary Share issuable upon such Public Warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the Public Warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a warrant, the holder of such Public Warrant will not be entitled to exercise such Public Warrant and such Public Warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any Public Warrant. In the event that a registration statement is not effective for the exercised Public Warrants, the purchaser of a Unit containing such Public Warrant will have paid the full purchase price for the Unit solely for the Public Share underlying such Unit.
We registered the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants in the IPO Registration Statement because the Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the completion of our initial Business Combination, which may be within one year of the Initial Public Offering. However, because the Public Warrants will be exercisable until their expiration date of up to seven years after the completion of our initial Business Combination, in order to comply with the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act following the consummation of our initial Business Combination, under the terms of the Warrant Agreement, we have agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days, after the closing of our initial Business Combination, we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC a post-effective amendment to the IPO Registration Statement or a new registration statement covering the registration under the Securities Act of the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and thereafter will use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following our initial Business Combination and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants until the expiration of the Public Warrants in accordance with the provisions of the Warrant Agreement. If a registration statement covering the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not effective by the sixtieth (60) business day after the closing of our initial Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when we will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise Public Warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. Notwithstanding the above, if our Class A Ordinary Shares are at the time of any exercise of a Public Warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement.
Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, we may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants:
| ● | in whole and not in part; |
| ● | at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant; upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; and |
| ● | if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for adjustments to the number of shares issuable upon exercise or the exercise price of a Public Warrant) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing at least 30 days after completion of our initial Business Combination and ending three business days before we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. |
We will not redeem the Public Warrants as described above unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is then effective and a current prospectus relating to those Class A Ordinary Shares is available throughout the measurement period. If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification. We will use our best efforts to register or qualify such Class A Ordinary Shares under the blue sky laws of the state of residence in those states in which the Public Warrants were offered by us in the Initial Public Offering.
3
A holder of a Public Warrant may notify us in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such Public Warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), to the warrant agent’s actual knowledge, would beneficially own in excess of 4.9% or 9.8% (as specified by the holder) of the Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise.
The Public Warrants have certain anti-dilution and adjustment rights upon certain events.
The Public Warrants were issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement between Continental, as warrant agent, and us. The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the Public Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder for the purpose of (i) curing any ambiguity or to correct any defective provision or mistake, including to conform the provisions of the Warrant Agreement to the description of the terms of the Public Warrants and the Warrant Agreement set forth in the Report, (ii) adjusting the provisions relating to cash dividends on ordinary shares as contemplated by and in accordance with the Warrant Agreement, (iii) adding or changing any provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the Warrant Agreement as the parties to the Warrant Agreement may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem to not adversely affect the rights of the registered holders of the Public Warrants or (iv) to provide for the delivery of the Alternative Issuance (as defined in the Warrant Agreement). All other modifications or amendments require the vote or written consent the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding Public Warrants, except that amending our Warrant Agreement requires a vote of holders of at least 50% of the (x) Private Placement Warrants (including the vote or written consent of the underwriters) or (y) warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans (the “WCL Warrants”) solely with respect to any amendment to the terms of the Private Placement Warrants or WCL Warrants (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the forfeiture or cancellation of any Private Placement Warrants or WCL Warrants). Our shareholders should review a copy of the Warrant Agreement, which was filed as an exhibit to the IPO Registration Statement for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the Public Warrants.
The Public Warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price (or on a cashless basis, if applicable), by certified or official bank check payable to us, for the number of Public Warrants being exercised. The warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of Ordinary Shares and any voting rights until they exercise their Public Warrants and receive Class A Ordinary Shares. After the issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Public Warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by shareholders.
No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. If, upon exercise of the Public Warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number of shares of Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued to the warrant holder.
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Exhibit 19.1
Insider Trading Compliance Manual
DUNE ACQUISITION CORP II
Effective as of May 8, 2025
In order to take an active role in the prevention of insider trading violations by its officers, directors, employees, consultants, attorneys, advisors and other related individuals, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Dune Acquisition Corp II, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company”) has adopted the policies and procedures described in this Insider Trading Compliance Manual.
| I. | Adoption of Insider Trading Policy. |
Effective as of the date first written above, the Board has adopted the Insider Trading Policy attached hereto as Exhibit A (as the same may be amended from time to time by the Board, the “Policy”), which prohibits trading based on material, nonpublic information regarding the Company or any company whose securities are listed for trading or quotation in the United States (“Material Non-Public Information”). This Policy covers all officers and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries, all other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, and consultants or contractors to the Company or its subsidiaries who have or may have access to Material Non-Public Information and members of the immediate family or household of any such person. This Policy (and/or a summary thereof) is to be delivered to all new employees, consultants and related individuals who are within the categories of covered persons upon the commencement of their relationships with the Company, and is to be circulated to all covered personnel at least annually.
| II. | Designation of Certain Persons. |
A. Section 16 Individuals. All directors and executive officers of the Company are subject to the reporting and liability provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 16 Individuals”). Attached hereto as Exhibit B is a separate memorandum which discusses the relevant terms of Section 16. Impacted individuals should read these provisions closely as Section 16 obligations are personal in nature (i.e., they are not Company obligations).
B. Other Persons Subject to Policy. In addition, certain employees, consultants and advisors of the Company as described in Section I above have, or are likely to have, from time to time access to Material Non-Public Information and together with the Section 16 Individuals, are subject to the Policy, including the pre-clearance requirement described in Section IV. A. below.
| III. | Appointment of Compliance and Chief Ethics Officer. |
By the adoption of this Policy, the Board has appointed an Insider Trading Compliance Officer (the “Compliance Officer”). The identity of the current Compliance Officer is the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.
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| IV. | Duties of the Compliance Officer. |
The Compliance Officer has been designated by the Board to handle any and all matters relating to the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Program. Certain of those duties may be delegated to outside counsel with special expertise in securities issues and relevant law. The duties of the Compliance Officer shall include the following:
A. Pre-clearing all transactions involving the Company’s securities by the Section 16 Individuals and those individuals having regular access to Material Non-Public Information (defined for these purposes to include employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, and consultants or contractors to the Company or its subsidiaries who have or may have access to Material Non-Public Information and members of the immediate family or household of any such person) in order to determine compliance with the Policy, insider trading laws, Section 16 of the Exchange Act and Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Rule 144”). Attached hereto as Exhibit C is a Pre-Clearance Checklist to assist the Compliance Officer’s performance of this duty.
B. Assisting in the preparation and filing of Section 16 reports (Forms 3, 4 and 5) for all Section 16 Individuals, bearing in mind, however, that the preparation of such reports is undertaken by the Company as a courtesy only and that the Section 16 Individuals alone (and not the Company, its employees or advisors) shall be solely responsible for the content of such reports and for any violations of Section 16 under the Exchange Act and related rules and regulations.
C. Serving as the designated recipient at the Company of copies of reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) by Section 16 Individuals under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
D. Performing periodic reviews of available materials, which may include Forms 3, 4 and 5, Form 144, officers’ and directors’ questionnaires, and reports received from the Company’s stock administrator and transfer agent, to determine trading activity by officers, directors and others who have, or may have, access to Material Non-Public Information.
E. Circulating the Policy (and/or a summary thereof) to all covered employees, including Section 16 Individuals, on an annual basis, and providing the Policy and other appropriate materials to new officers, directors and others who have, or may have, access to Material Non-Public Information.
F. Assisting the Board in the implementation of the Policy and all related Company policies.
G. Coordinating with the Company’s internal or external legal counsel regarding all securities compliance matters.
H. Retaining copies of all appropriate securities reports, and maintaining records of his or her activities as Compliance Officer.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I hereby acknowledge that I have received a copy of Dune Acquisition Corp II’s Insider Trading Compliance Manual (the “Insider Trading Manual”). Further, I certify that I have reviewed the Insider Trading Manual, understand the policies and procedures contained therein and agree to be bound by and adhere to these policies and procedures.
| Dated:____________________________________ | __________________________________________ | |
| Signature | ||
| Name: |
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Exhibit A
DUNE ACQUISITION CORP II
Insider Trading Policy
and Guidelines with Respect to Certain Transactions in Company Securities
APPLICABILITY OF POLICY
This Policy applies to all transactions in the Company’s securities, including shares of common stock, options and warrants to purchase common stock and any other securities the Company may issue from time to time, such as preferred stock and convertible notes, as well as to derivative securities relating to the Company’s stock, whether or not issued by the Company, such as exchange-traded options. It applies to all officers and directors of the Company, all other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, and consultants or contractors to the Company or its subsidiaries who have or may have access to Material Nonpublic Information (as defined below) regarding the Company and members of the immediate family or household of any such person. This group of people is sometimes referred to in this Policy as “Insiders.” This Policy also applies to any person who receives Material Nonpublic Information from any Insider.
Any person who possesses Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company is an Insider for so long as such information is not publicly known.
DEFINITION OF MATERIAL NONPUBLIC INFORMATION
It is not possible to define all categories of material information. However, information should be regarded as material if there is a reasonable likelihood that it would be considered important to an investor in making an investment decision regarding the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities. Material Nonpublic Information is information that has not been previously disclosed to the general public and is otherwise not available to the general public.
While it may be difficult to determine whether particular information is material, there are various categories of information that are particularly sensitive and, as a general rule, should always be considered material. In addition, material information may be positive or negative. Examples of such information may include:
| ● | Financial results; | |
| ● | Entry into a material agreement or discussions regarding entry into a material agreement; |
| ● | Projections of future earnings or losses; | |
| ● | News of a pending or proposed merger or acquisition; | |
| ● | Joint ventures/commercial partnerships with third parties; | |
| ● | News of the disposition of material assets; | |
| ● | New product or project announcements of a significant nature; | |
| ● | Information regarding regulatory review of Company products; | |
| ● | Intellectual property and other proprietary information; | |
| ● | Major contract awards, cancellations or write-offs; |
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| ● | Research milestones and related payments or royalties; | |
| ● | Impending bankruptcy or financial liquidity problems; | |
| ● | Gain or loss of a substantial customer or supplier or manufacturer; | |
| ● | Significant pricing changes; | |
| ● | Stock splits; |
| ● | New equity or debt offerings; |
| ● | Significant litigation exposure due to actual or threatened litigation; |
| ● | Changes in senior management or the Board of Directors of the Company; |
| ● | Capital investment plans; and |
| ● | Changes in dividend policy. |
CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS
For purposes of this Policy, the Company considers that the exercise of stock options for cash under the Company’s equity incentive or similar plan (but not the sale of any such shares) to be exempt from this Policy, since the other party to the transaction is the Company itself and the price does not vary with the market but is fixed by the terms of the option agreement or the plan.
STATEMENT OF POLICY
General Policy
It is the policy of the Company to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of any nonpublic information acquired in the workplace and the misuse of Material Nonpublic Information in securities trading related to the Company or any other company.
Specific Policies
1. Trading on Material Nonpublic Information. With certain exceptions, no Insider shall engage in any transaction involving a purchase or sale of the Company’s or any other company’s securities, including any offer to purchase or offer to sell, during any period commencing with the date that he or she possesses Material Nonpublic Information concerning the Company, and ending at the close of business on the second Trading Day following the date of public disclosure of that information, or at such time as such nonpublic information is no longer material. However, see Section 2 under “Permitted Trading Period” below for a full discussion of trading pursuant to a pre-established plan or by delegation.
As used herein, the term “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which national stock exchanges are open for trading.
2. Tipping. No Insider shall disclose (“tip”) Material Nonpublic Information to any other person (including family members) where such information may be used by such person to his or her profit by trading in the securities of companies to which such information relates, nor shall such Insider or related person make recommendations or express opinions on the basis of Material Nonpublic Information as to trading in the Company’s securities.
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Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) is an issuer disclosure rule implemented by the SEC that addresses selective disclosure of Material Nonpublic Information. The regulation provides that when the Company, or person acting on its behalf, discloses material nonpublic information to certain enumerated persons (in general, securities market professionals and holders of the Company’s securities who may well trade on the basis of the information), it must make public disclosure of that information. The timing of the required public disclosure depends on whether the selective disclosure was intentional or unintentional; for an intentional selective disclosure, the Company must make public disclosures simultaneously; for a non-intentional disclosure the Company must make public disclosure promptly. Under the regulation, the required public disclosure may be made by filing or furnishing a Form 8-K, or by another method or combination of methods that is reasonably designed to effect broad, non-exclusionary distribution of the information to the public.
It is the policy of the Company that all public communications of the Company (including, without limitation, communications with the press, other public statements, statements made via the Internet or social media outlets, or communications with any regulatory authority) be handled only through the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”), an authorized designee of the CEO or the Company’s public or investor relations firm. Please refer all press, analyst or similar requests for information to the CEO and do not respond to any inquiries without prior authorization from the CEO. If the CEO is unavailable, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (or the authorized designee of such officer) will fill this role.
3. Confidentiality of Nonpublic Information. Nonpublic information relating to the Company is the property of the Company and the unauthorized disclosure of such information (including, without limitation, via email or by posting on Internet message boards, blogs, or social media) is strictly forbidden.
4. Duty to Report Inappropriate and Irregular Conduct. All employees, and particularly managers and/or supervisors, have a responsibility for maintaining financial integrity within the Company, consistent with generally accepted accounting principles and both federal and state securities laws. Any employee who becomes aware of any incidents involving financial or accounting manipulation or irregularities, whether by witnessing the incident or being told of it, must report it to their immediate supervisor and to any member of the Company’s Audit Committee. In certain instances, employees are allowed to participate in federal or state proceedings. For a more complete understanding of this issue, employees should consult their employee manual and or seek the advice of counsel. Our general corporate and securities counsel is Edelman Legal Consulting PLLC, attention: Ari Edelman, at (845) 533-3435, email: Ari@Edelmanlegal.com.
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POTENTIAL CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LIABILITY
AND/OR DISCIPLINARY ACTION
1. Liability for Insider Trading. Insiders may be subject to penalties of up to $5,000,000 and up to ten (10) years in jail for engaging in transactions in the Company’s securities at a time when they possess Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company. In addition, the SEC has the authority to seek a civil monetary penalty of up to three times the amount of profit gained or loss avoided by illegal insider trading. “Profit gained” or “loss avoided” generally means the difference between the purchase or sale price of the Company’s stock and its value as measured by the trading price of the stock a reasonable period after public dissemination of the nonpublic information.
2. Liability for Tipping. Insiders may also be liable for improper transactions by any person (commonly referred to as a “tippee”) to whom they have disclosed Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company or to whom they have made recommendations or expressed opinions on the basis of such information as to trading in the Company’s securities. The SEC has imposed large penalties even when the disclosing person did not profit from the trading. The SEC, the stock exchanges and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. use sophisticated electronic surveillance techniques to monitor trading and uncover insider trading.
3. Possible Disciplinary Actions. Individuals subject to the Policy who violate this Policy shall also be subject to disciplinary action by the Company, which may include suspension, forfeiture of perquisites, ineligibility for future participation in the Company’s equity incentive plans and/or termination of employment.
PERMITTED TRADING PERIOD
1. Black-Out Period and Trading Window.
To ensure compliance with this Policy and applicable federal and state securities laws, the Company requires that all officers, directors, employees, members of the immediate family or household of any such person and others who are subject to this Policy refrain from conducting any transactions involving the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities, other than during the period in any fiscal quarter commencing at the close of business on the second Trading Day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for the prior fiscal quarter or year and ending on the twenty-fifth day of the third month of the fiscal quarter (the “Trading Window”). If such public disclosure occurs on a Trading Day before the markets close, then such date of disclosure shall be considered the first Trading Day following such public disclosure.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, persons subject to this Policy may submit a request to the Company to purchase or sell the Company’s securities outside the Trading Window on the basis that they do not possess any Material Nonpublic Information. The Compliance Officer shall review all such requests and may grant such requests on a case-by-case basis if he or she determines that the person making such request does not possess any Material Nonpublic Information at that time.
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It is the Company’s policy that the period when the Trading Window is “closed” is a particularly sensitive period of time for transactions in the Company’s securities from the perspective of compliance with applicable securities laws. This is because Insiders, as any quarter progresses, are increasingly likely to possess Material Nonpublic Information about the expected financial results for the quarter. The purpose of the Trading Window is to avoid any unlawful or improper transactions or the appearance of any such transactions.
It should be noted that even during the Trading Window any person possessing Material Nonpublic Information concerning the Company shall not engage in any transactions in the Company’s (or any other company’s, as applicable) securities until such information has been known publicly for at least two Trading Days. The Company has adopted the policy of delaying trading for “at least two Trading Days” because the securities laws require that the public be informed effectively of previously undisclosed material information before Insiders trade in the Company’s stock. Public disclosure may occur through a widely disseminated press release or through filings, such as Forms 10-Q and/or 8-K, with the SEC. Furthermore, in order for the public to be effectively informed, the public must be given time to evaluate the information disclosed by the Company. Although the amount of time necessary for the public to evaluate the information may vary depending on the complexity of the information, generally two Trading Days is a sufficient period of time.
From time to time, the Company may also require that Insiders suspend trading because of developments known to the Company and not yet disclosed to the public. In such event, such persons may not engage in any transaction involving the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities during such period and may not disclose to others the fact of such suspension of trading.
Although the Company may from time to time require during a Trading Window that Insiders and others suspend trading because of developments known to the Company and not yet disclosed to the public, each person is individually responsible at all times for compliance with the prohibitions against insider trading. Trading in the Company’s securities during the Trading Window should not be considered a “safe harbor,” and all directors, officers and other persons should use good judgment at all times.
Notwithstanding these general rules, Insiders may trade outside of the Trading Window provided that such trades are made pursuant to a pre-established plan or by delegation; these alternatives are discussed in the next section.
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2. Trading According to a Pre-established Plan or by Delegation.
Trading which is not “on the basis of” material non-public information may not give rise to insider trading liability. The SEC has adopted Rule 10b5-1 under which insider trading liability can be avoided if Insiders follow very specific procedures. In general, such procedures involve trading according to pre-established instructions, plans or programs (a “10b5-1 Plan”).
10b5-1 Plans must:
(a) Be documented by a contract, written plan, or formal instruction which provides that the trade take place in the future. For example, an Insider can contract to sell his or her shares on a specific date, or simply delegate such decisions to an investment manager, 401(k) plan administrator or similar third party. This documentation must be provided to the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer;
(b) Include in its documentation the specific amount, price and timing of the trade, or the formula for determining the amount, price and timing. For example, the Insider can buy or sell shares in a specific amount and on a specific date each month, or according to a pre-established percentage (of the Insider’s salary, for example) each time that the share price falls or rises to pre-established levels. In the case where trading decisions have been delegated, the specific amount, price and timing need not be provided;
(c) Be implemented at a time when the Insider does not possess material non-public information. As a practical matter, this means that the Insider may set up a 10b5-1 Plan, or delegate trading discretion, only during a “Trading Window” (discussed in Section 1, above); and,
(d) Remain beyond the scope of the Insider’s influence after implementation. In general, the Insider must allow the 10b5-1 Plan to be executed without changes to the accompanying instructions, and the Insider cannot later execute a hedge transaction that modifies the effect of the 10b5-1 Plan. An Insider wishing to change the amount, price or timing of a 10b5-1 Plan can do so only during a “Trading Window” (discussed in Section 1, above). Termination of a 10b5-1 Plan may be undertaken at any time, provided that the termination must be approved in advance by the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer in order to ensure that the Insider is not in possession of Material Nonpublic Information.1 If the Insider has delegated decision-making authority to a third party, the Insider cannot subsequently influence the third party in any way and such third party must not possess material non-public information at the time of any of the trades.
Prior to implementing a pre-established plan for trading, all officers and directors must receive the approval for such plan from the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer.
| 1 | Insiders should be aware that termination of a 10b5-1 Plan after trades have been undertaken under such plan could negate the 10b5-1 affirmative defense afforded by such program for all such prior trades. As such, termination of a 10b5-1 Plan should only be undertaken in consultation with the Insider Trading Compliance Officer and, if necessary, the Company’s legal counsel. |
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3. Pre-Clearance of Trades.
Even during a Trading Window, all Insiders must comply with the Company’s “pre-clearance” process prior to trading in the Company’s securities, implementing a pre-established plan for trading, or delegating decision-making authority over the Insider’s trades. To do so, each Insider must contact the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer prior to initiating any of these actions. The Company may also find it necessary, from time to time, to require compliance with the pre-clearance process from others who may be in possession of Material Nonpublic Information.
4. Individual Responsibility.
Every person subject to this Policy has the individual responsibility to comply with this Policy against insider trading, regardless of whether the Company has established a Trading Window applicable to that Insider or any other Insiders of the Company. Each individual, and not necessarily the Company, is responsible for his or her own actions and will be individually responsible for the consequences of their actions. Therefore, appropriate judgment, diligence and caution should be exercised in connection with any trade in the Company’s securities. An Insider may, from time to time, have to forego a proposed transaction in the Company’s securities even if he or she planned to make the transaction before learning of the Material Nonpublic Information and even though the Insider believes he or she may suffer an economic loss or forego anticipated profit by waiting.
5. Exceptions to the Policy.
Any exceptions to this Policy may only be made by advance written approval of each of: (i) the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, (ii) the Insider Trading Compliance Officer and (iii) the Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Board. Any such exceptions shall be immediately reported to the remaining members of the Board.
APPLICABILITY OF POLICY TO MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION
REGARDING OTHER COMPANIES
This Policy and the guidelines described herein also apply to Material Nonpublic Information relating to other companies, including the Company’s customers, vendors or suppliers (“business partners”), when that information is obtained in the course of employment with, or other services performed on behalf of the Company. Civil and criminal penalties, as well as termination of employment, may result from trading on Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company’s business partners. All Insiders should treat Material Nonpublic Information about the Company’s business partners with the same care as is required with respect to information relating directly to the Company.
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PROHIBITION AGAINST BUYING AND SELLING
COMPANY COMMON STOCK WITHIN A SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Directors, Officers and 10% Stockholders
Purchases and sales (or sales and purchases) of Company common stock occurring within any six-month period in which a mathematical profit is realized result in illegal “short-swing profits.” The prohibition against short-swing profits is found in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Section 16 was drafted as a rather arbitrary prohibition against profitable “insider trading” in a company’s securities within any six-month period regardless of the presence or absence of material nonpublic information that may affect the market price of those securities. Each executive officer, director and 10% stockholder of the Company is subject to the prohibition against short-swing profits under Section 16. Such persons are required to file Forms 3, 4 and 5 reports reporting his or her initial ownership of the Company’s common stock and any subsequent changes in such ownership. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires executive officers and directors who must report transactions on Form 4 to do so by the end of the second business day following the transaction date. Profit realized, for the purposes of Section 16, is calculated generally to provide maximum recovery by the Company. The measure of damages is the profit computed from any purchase and sale or any sale and purchase within the short-swing (i.e., six-month) period, without regard to any setoffs for losses, any first-in or first-out rules, or the identity of the shares of common stock. This approach sometimes has been called the “lowest price in, highest price out” rule.
In order to avoid trading activity that could inadvertently2 trigger a short-swing profit, it is the Company’s policy that no executive officer, director and 10% shareholder of the Company who has a 10b5-1 Plan in place may engage in voluntary purchases or sales of Company securities outside of and while such 10b5-1 Plan remains in place.
INQUIRIES
Please direct your questions as to any of the matters discussed in this Policy to the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer.
| 2 | Note that Section 16 violations do not require intent, so even an inadvertent violation of Section 16 is still a violation. |
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Exhibit B
Section 16 Memorandum
To: All Officers, Directors and 10% Stockholders (“Section 16 Individuals”)
Re: Overview of Section 16 Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
A. Introduction.
This Memorandum provides an overview of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the related rules promulgated by the SEC.
Each executive officer, director and 10% stockholder (commonly called an “Insider”) of Dune Acquisition Corp II (the “Company”) is personally responsible for complying with the provisions of Section 16, and failure by an Insider to comply strictly with his or her reporting requirements will result in obligations on the part of the Company to publicly disclose such failure. Moreover, Congress has granted to the SEC authority to seek monetary court-imposed fines on Insiders who fail to timely comply with their reporting obligations.
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act provides that insiders of a corporation with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act: (i) must file an initial report of their beneficial ownership of equity securities of the corporation (including derivative securities such as options, warrants and stock appreciation rights) as of the later of the date on which the corporation becomes subject to Section 12 of the Exchange Act or ten days after the date they attain insider status, and (ii) must report subsequent changes in their beneficial ownership of equity and derivative securities of the corporation. Section 16(b) provides that insiders are liable to the corporation for any profits made on six-month short-swing transactions in the corporation’s securities. Section 16(c) prohibits insiders from engaging in both traditional short sales of the corporation’s securities and certain other transactions that are economically or functionally equivalent to a short sale.
B. Reporting Requirements Under Section 16(a).
1. General. An Insider must disclose his or her holdings at the time he or she attains insider status and must disclose all subsequent changes in such holdings during the time the individual is an Insider (and, in certain circumstances, for up to six months after the individual ceases to be an Insider). Disclosure is made on one of three forms: the Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 3; the Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 4; and the Annual Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 5.
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2. Method of Filing.
(a) SEC. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandates that all Forms 3, 4 and 5 must be filed electronically.
(b) Company. The rules under Section 16 require that a copy of the applicable Form be sent to the person at the Company designated by the Company to receive such reports at the same time that copies are sent to the SEC. If no such person has been designated, reports are to be sent to the Corporate Secretary at the Company’s principal executive offices.
(C) Filing Date. In order to be able to demonstrate that an Insider’s filing has been timely made, it is essential that the Insider file the form with the SEC by 10:00 pm Eastern time on the applicable date of filing. In the event that a due date falls on a weekend or SEC holiday, the Form will be deemed timely filed if it is received (or receipt is guaranteed) by the next business day after such weekend or holiday.
(d) Securities to be Reported. A person who is subject to Section 16 must only report as beneficially owned those securities in which he or she has a pecuniary interest. See the discussion of “beneficial ownership” below at Section D.
3. Initial Report of Ownership - Form 3. Under Section 16(a), Insiders are required to make an initial report on Form 3 to the SEC of their holdings of all equity securities of the corporation (whether or not such equity securities are registered under the Exchange Act). This would include all traditional types of securities, such as common stock, preferred stock and junior stock, as well as all types of derivative securities, such as warrants to purchase stock, options to purchase stock, puts and calls. Even Insiders who do not beneficially own any equity securities of the Company must file a report on Form 3 to that effect.
(a) Initial Filing Deadline. The initial statement of ownership for persons who become officers, directors or 10% stockholders of the Company must be filed within ten days after the date on which they become an officer, director or 10% stockholder, and should reflect ownership as of the date they became such an Insider.
(b) One-Time Filing. An Insider is required to file an initial statement of beneficial ownership on Form 3 only once, unless such person ceases to be an Insider and later becomes an Insider again. Thus, an additional statement on such Form is not required when either (1) the Insider attains a second “Insider” position (such as the election of the President to the Board), or (2) an additional class of equity securities of the Company is registered under Section 12.
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4. Changes in Ownership - Form 4. An Insider should use Form 4 to report (i) all transactions that are not exempt from Section 16(b) and (ii) all exercises and conversions of derivative securities (e.g. stock options) regardless of whether they are exempt. Directors, officers and 10% stockholders of U.S. public companies are required to file their Form 4 reports under Section 16 of the Exchange Act by the second business day after execution of a transaction.
(a) Prior Transactions. Insiders of the Company need not report transactions that occurred prior to the date they first became an officer, director or 10% stockholder, and those transactions may not become a basis for short-swing profit liability under Section 16(b). However, a director or officer who becomes subject to Section 16 solely as a result of the issuer first registering a class of its equity securities pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act is subject to the reporting and liability provisions of Section 16 with respect to any transactions conducted in the six months prior to the first transaction requiring a filing on Form 4 after such registration.
(b) Termination of Insider Status. If a person ceases to be an officer or director, he or she continues to be subject to the reporting and liability provision of Section 16 for up to six months following termination of such status. As a result, he or she must file a Form 4 with respect to any non-exempt change in beneficial ownership which occurs within six months after any change in ownership which occurred before he or she ceased to be an officer or director. Such an individual must also file a Form 5 after his or her termination to report exempt and previously unreported transactions for that portion of the issuer’s fiscal year during which he or she was an officer or director, as well as to report exempt and previously unreported transactions occurring within six months of the last transaction conducted while the person was an officer or director subject to Section 16.
A 10% stockholder whose beneficial ownership (under the Section 13(d) voting or investment control test) drops below 10% need not report any subsequent transactions on Form 4 after reporting less than 10% but must file a Form 5 with respect to any exempt or previously unreported transactions that occurred during the portion of the fiscal year that such person was a 10% stockholder.
Both Form 4 and Form 5 have an exit box that should be checked when the Insider reports a transaction that takes him or her under 10% ownership.
(c) What Constitutes a Change in Beneficial Ownership. Generally, an Insider is deemed to have acquired (or disposed of) beneficial ownership of a security at the time he or she makes a firm commitment to acquire (or dispose of) the security. (Please see Section D below for a complete definition of “Beneficial Ownership.”) If it is necessary that certain conditions outside the Insider’s control be satisfied prior to the consummation of the purchase or sale and if it is uncertain whether such conditions will be satisfied, the Insider will not be deemed to have acquired beneficial ownership or to have divested himself or herself until such time as the conditions prescribed are satisfied and the undertaking to purchase or sell becomes a firm commitment.
An Insider is deemed to have acquired ownership of a derivative security (whether issued by the Company or a third party) upon grant or acquisition, regardless of when it becomes exercisable. Similarly, an Insider is deemed to have disposed of ownership of a derivative security upon its sale, cancellation or expiration. See Sections B.6 and C below.
(d) Report Each Change of Ownership. Except for certain exempt transactions that may be reported on a Form 5, every change of ownership must be reported on Form 4.
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5. Special Transactional Reporting Requirements. Changes in beneficial ownership that constitute exempt transactions under Section 16(a) or Section 16(b), other than the exercise of an option, need not be reported currently on Form 4. Such transactions fall into two categories: (i) those which must be reported in the annual filing on Form 5, and (ii) those which need not be reported at all. The following are some examples of transactions in these categories.
(i) Annual Filing on Form 5
(a) Small Acquisitions. Reporting an acquisition of an equity security not exceeding $10,000 in market value, or of the right to acquire such securities, may be deferred until the annual filing on Form 5, so long as (A) total acquisitions of the same class of security (including securities underlying derivative securities) within the preceding six months do not exceed $10,000 in market value, and (B) the person making the acquisition does not within six months thereafter make any disposition that is not exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act. Once either of the conditions described in (A) and (B) is not met, the small acquisition must be reported on Form 4 before the end of the second business day following the day in in which the condition(s) fail.
(b) Gifts and Inheritance. Acquisitions and dispositions of the Company’s securities pursuant to bona fide gifts or by will or the laws of descent and distribution are exempt from the liability provisions of Section 16(b). Insiders need not report such acquisitions or dispositions until the Form 5 for the fiscal year in which such transaction occurs.
(c) Option Grants Under Rule 16b-3. The grant of an option to an Insider pursuant to Rule 16b-3 is exempt from liability and is reportable on Form 5. See Section C below.
(ii) No Reporting Required.
(a) Stock Splits and Stock Dividends. Insiders need not report the acquisition or disposition of stock via stock splits or stock dividends that are provided pro rata to all security holders, and such acquisitions and dispositions are exempt from the liability provision of Section 16(b). It is advisable for Insiders to use the extra space provided on Form 4 or Form 5 to explain any change in their holdings resulting from such events.
(b) Pro Rata Rights. Acquisitions of stockholder rights granted pro rata to all holders of a class of registered equity securities (including so-called “poison pill” stockholder rights) are exempt from the reporting and liability provisions of Section 16.
6. Year-End Filing - Form 5. An Insider must file a Form 5 within 45 days after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year (February 14) unless all holdings and transactions that are required to be reported on Form 5 (including exempt transactions) have already been reported as of the date the Form 5 is due.
If not previously reported, the following transactions must be reported on Form 5: (a) any transaction during the last fiscal year that was exempt from the operation of the short-swing profit recovery rules under Section 16(b) (such as grants of options under Rule 16b-3); and (b) any holdings or transactions that should have been reported during the Company’s last fiscal year (two fiscal years for the first Form 5 filed) on a Form 3 or Form 4, but were not reported. The Form 5 filing requirements apply to each person who was an Insider during any portion of the applicable fiscal year.
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7. Reporting Obligations Regarding Certain Transactions in Derivative Securities. In general, the acquisition or disposition of any option, warrant, put or call, whether or not transferable or then exercisable, is a reportable purchase or sale of the underlying security to which such derivative security relates, and requires the filing of a Form 4.
(a) Grant of Option or Warrant. If a derivative security is granted pursuant to Rule 16b-3, the otherwise reportable purchase is exempt and need not be reported until the annual filing on Form 5. If an Insider receives a derivative security other than pursuant to Rule 16b-3, the acquisition is deemed to be a purchase for Section 16 purposes and must be currently reported on Form 4.
(b) Exercise or Conversion of Option, Warrant or Other Right. The exercise of any option, warrant or other right to purchase securities must be currently reported on Form 4.
(c) Pledges. The right of a pledgee or borrower of securities to sell the pledged or borrowed securities is not a derivative security or “option” for purposes of Section 16, and the acquisition or disposition of such a right does not require the filing of a Form 4. Moreover, the SEC Staff has taken the position that bona fide pledges or loans of securities do not represent changes in beneficial ownership and need not be reported by the pledgor or lender. However, the sale of the pledged or borrower securities by the pledgee or borrower must be reported by the pledgor or lender and may result in Section 16(b) liability for the pledgor or lender.
(d) Rights Without a Fixed Price. Rights that do not have a fixed exercise or conversion price, such as a right to purchase stock at a future date at a specified percentage of its market value on the date of purchase, are not derivative securities and need not be reported.
C. Securities Acquired Pursuant to Rule 16b-3.
1. General. Rule 16b-3 generally provides exemptions from Section 16(b) for non-discretionary transactions by Insiders (e.g., not at the volition of the Insider). Rule 16b-3 provides that a grant or award of equity securities is exempt from Section 16 if any of the following conditions are met:
| (1) | the transaction is approved in advance by the board of directors or a committee of the board composed solely of two or more non-employee directors; |
| (2) | the transaction is approved in advance by the stockholders, or subsequently ratified by the stockholders by the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders; or |
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| (3) | the securities so acquired are held by the officer or director for six months following the date of such acquisition. |
2. Transactions Must Comply with Rule 16b-3. Individual transactions must meet certain general requirements in order to qualify for beneficial treatment under Rule 16b-3.
D. Determining Beneficial Ownership.
The issue of beneficial ownership arises in two contexts under Section 16:
1. Determining Who is a Ten Percent Holder. Beneficial ownership in the Section 16 context is determined by reference to Rule 13d-3, which provides that a person is the beneficial owner of securities if that person has or shares voting or dispositive power with respect to such securities, or can acquire such power within 60 days through the exercise or conversion of derivative securities.
2. Determining Beneficial Ownership for Reporting and Short-Swing Profit Liability. For all Section 16 purposes other than determining who is a ten percent holder, beneficial ownership means a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the subject securities through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise. “Pecuniary interest” means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the subject securities. Discussed below are several of the situations that may give rise to an indirect pecuniary interest.
(a) Family Holdings. An Insider is deemed to have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by members of the Insider’s immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family includes grandparents, parents (and step-parents), spouses, siblings, children (and step-children) and grandchildren, as well as parents-in-law, siblings-in-law, children-in-law and all adoptive relationships. An Insider may disclaim beneficial ownership of shares held by members of his or her immediate family, but the burden of proof will be on the Insider to uphold the lack of a pecuniary interest.
(b) Partnership Holdings. Beneficial ownership of a partnership’s securities is attributed to the general partner of a limited partnership in proportion to such person’s partnership interest. Such interest is measured by the greater of the general partner’s share of partnership profits or of the general partner’s capital account (including any limited partnership interest held by the general partner).
(c) Corporate Holdings. Beneficial ownership of securities held by a corporation will not be attributed to its stockholders who are not controlling stockholders and who do not have or share investment control over the corporation’s portfolio securities.
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(d) Derivative Securities. Ownership of derivative securities (warrants, stock appreciation rights, convertible securities, options and the like) is treated as indirect ownership of the underlying equity securities. Acquisition of derivative securities must be reported, although the timing of such reporting depends upon the Rule 16b-3 status of the employee plan under which the grant was made.
E. Delinquent Filings.
1. Disclosure Requirements. Item 405 of Regulation S-K requires the Company to disclose in its proxy statements, information statements and Annual Reports on Form 10-K information regarding delinquent filings under Section 16(a) by Insiders. The Company must identify by name its Insiders who, during the fiscal year, reported transactions late or failed to file required reports, and must disclose the number of delinquent filings and transactions for each such Insider. The Company does not have an obligation to research and make inquiry regarding the delinquent Section 16(a) filings but may rely on the information disclosed on Forms 3, 4 and 5. The Company may also rely on a written representation from the Insider that no Form 5 filing is required but should retain the representation for two years.
2. Correcting Late Filings. If a particular transaction or holding has not been reported, the Insider must file a new form or the Insider must amend the original filing by filing a new form. The transaction reported in an untimely manner would be disclosed pursuant to Item 405 for the fiscal year in which the report was filed, even if the transaction related to and should have been reported in a prior fiscal year.
3. Potential Liability. The SEC has been empowered by Congress to seek civil penalties against those who fail to comply with the reporting requirements of Section 16. Penalties for failure to timely file may range from $5,000 to $100,000 per violation. Moreover, if the SEC obtains a cease-and-desist order prohibiting future violations of the reporting requirements under Section 16, each day that a filing is late may be treated as a separate offense, thereby multiplying the penalty amount by the number of days that the form is delinquent.
F. Other Prohibited Insider Transactions Under Section 16(c).
Section 16(c) of the Exchange Act provides that it is unlawful for an Insider to sell any equity security (including a derivative security) of a corporation if the person selling the security (1) does not own the security sold, or (2) owns the security but does not deliver it against such sale within 20 days thereafter, or does not, within five days after such sale, deposit it in the mails or other usual channels of transportation.
Clause (1) above is directed to the traditional “short sale” where the seller borrows stock to make delivery on sale and repays his or her loan with securities purchased thereafter.
Clause (2) above is directed to either long sales or “short sales against the box” where delivery is not made within the required time limits.
The interactions of Section 16(c) with the derivative securities concept is not entirely clear, but the establishment of or increase in a “put equivalent position” (a broadly defined term that includes any type of short position) is considered functionally and economically equivalent to a prohibited short sale if the Insider does not own underlying securities sufficient to cover the put equivalent position.
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Exhibit C
DUNE ACQUISITION CORP II
Insider Trading Compliance Program - Pre-Clearance Checklist
Individual Proposing to Trade:_________________________
Number of Shares covered by Proposed Trade:_________________________
Date:_________________________
| o | Trading Window. Confirm that the trade will be made during the Company’s “trading window.” |
| o | Section 16 Compliance. Confirm, if the individual is subject to Section 16, that the proposed trade will not give rise to any potential liability under Section 16 as a result of matched past (or intended future) transactions. Also, ensure that a Form 4 has been or will be completed and will be timely filed. |
| o | Prohibited Trades. Confirm, if the individual is subject to Section 16, that the proposed transaction is not a “short sale,” put, call or other prohibited or strongly discouraged transaction. |
| o | Rule 144 Compliance (as applicable). Confirm that: |
| o | Current public information requirement has been met; |
| o | Shares are not restricted or, if restricted, the one year holding period has been met; |
| o | Volume limitations are not exceeded (confirm that the individual is not part of an aggregated group); |
| o | The manner of sale requirements have been met; and |
| o | The Notice of Form 144 Sale has been completed and filed. |
| o | Rule 10b-5 Concerns. Confirm that (i) the individual has been reminded that trading is prohibited when in possession of any material information regarding the Company that has not been adequately disclosed to the public, and (ii) the Insider Trading Compliance Officer has discussed with the individual any information known to the individual or the Insider Trading Compliance Officer which might be considered material, so that the individual has made an informed judgment as to the presence of inside information. |
| Signature of Insider Trading Compliance Officer |
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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF THE
PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Elliot Richmond, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Dune Acquisition Corporation II; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: March 13, 2026 | By: | /s/ Elliot Richmond |
| Elliot Richmond | ||
| Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF THE
PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Dune Acquisition Corporation II (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Elliot Richmond, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
| 1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and | |
| 2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report. |
| Date: March 13, 2026 | By: | /s/ Elliot Richmond |
| Elliot Richmond | ||
| Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 97.1
DUNE ACQISITION CORPORATION II
INCENTIVE COMPENSATION CLAWBACK POLICY
Effective Date: May 8, 2025
SECTION 1. PURPOSE
This Incentive Compensation Clawback Policy (this “Policy”) of Dune Acquisition Corporation II (the “Company”) has been adopted by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company to comply with Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Rule 10D-1 promulgated thereunder (“Rule 10D-1”), and the applicable listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Exchange”), as may be amended from time to time. This Policy is in addition to, and does not limit, any other clawback, recoupment, forfeiture, or similar provisions in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, or other compensatory arrangement between the Company and any Covered Executive.
SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
As used in this Policy, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:
| ● | “Accounting Restatement” means an accounting restatement of the Company’s financial statements due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. |
| ● | “Clawback Period” means the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, as determined in accordance with Rule 10D-1, as well as any transition period of less than nine months that is within or immediately following those three fiscal years. |
| ● | “Compensation Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board, or in the absence thereof, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board. |
| ● | “Covered Executive” means any current or former “executive officer” of the Company as defined in Rule 10D-1, including the Company’s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of the Company in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function, any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company. |
| ● | “Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation received by a Covered Executive that exceeds the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that otherwise would have been received had it been determined based on the restated amounts in an Accounting Restatement, computed without regard to taxes paid. |
| ● | “Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure, including but not limited to annual bonuses, performance share units, performance-based restricted stock, and any other short- or long-term incentive awards tied to Financial Reporting Measures. |
| ● | “Financial Reporting Measure” means any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, including stock price and total shareholder return (“TSR”), and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measures, regardless of whether such measure is presented within the financial statements or included in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). |
SECTION 3. RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION
3.1 Mandatory Recoupment
In the event of an Accounting Restatement, the Company shall recover, reasonably promptly, all Erroneously Awarded Compensation received by any Covered Executive during the Clawback Period. The obligation to recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation applies regardless of whether the Covered Executive engaged in misconduct and regardless of whether the Covered Executive is currently employed by the Company.
3.2 Date of Receipt
Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed “received” in the fiscal period during which the applicable Financial Reporting Measure is attained, even if the payment or grant of such Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.
3.3 Manner of Recovery
The Compensation Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the manner of recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, which may include, without limitation:
| ● | reduction or cancellation of unvested equity awards or unearned Incentive-Based Compensation; |
| ● | forfeiture or repayment of previously paid cash compensation; |
| ● | offset against future compensation otherwise payable to the Covered Executive; |
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| ● | direct repayment by the Covered Executive to the Company; or |
| ● | any combination of the foregoing. |
SECTION 4. LIMITED EXCEPTIONS
Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall not be required to the extent that the Compensation Committee has made a determination that recovery would be impracticable and one of the following conditions is satisfied:
| ● | The direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing recovery would exceed the amount to be recovered, provided that the Company has (i) made a reasonable attempt to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, (ii) documented such attempt, and (iii) provided such documentation to the Exchange; |
| ● | Recovery would violate home country law where the law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022, provided that the Company obtains an opinion of home country counsel, acceptable to the Exchange, that recovery would result in such a violation, and provides such opinion to the Exchange; or |
| ● | Recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or Section 411(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. |
The foregoing exceptions are intended to track the limited exceptions set forth in Rule 10D-1 and the applicable Exchange listing standards, and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. No other exceptions to recovery are permitted under this Policy.
SECTION 5. ADMINISTRATION
This Policy shall be administered by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee is authorized to interpret and construe this Policy and to make all determinations necessary, appropriate, or advisable for the administration of this Policy, including, without limitation, determining whether an Accounting Restatement has occurred, whether a Covered Executive has received Erroneously Awarded Compensation, and the amount and manner of any required recovery. All determinations of the Compensation Committee shall be conclusive and binding on all persons.
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The Compensation Committee may, from time to time, delegate administrative duties under this Policy to one or more officers of the Company to the extent permitted by applicable law and the rules of the Exchange.
SECTION 6. NO INDEMNIFICATION; NO ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any other agreement or arrangement with any Covered Executive (including any indemnification agreement, insurance policy, or organizational document of the Company), the Company shall not: (i) indemnify any Covered Executive against the loss of Erroneously Awarded Compensation recovered pursuant to this Policy or any claims relating to the Company’s enforcement of this Policy; or (ii) advance expenses incurred by a Covered Executive in connection with such recovery or enforcement. Any provision in any agreement or organizational document that purports to provide such indemnification or advancement shall be null and void with respect to any claim arising under this Policy.
SECTION 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT
As a condition to receiving Incentive-Based Compensation on or after the Effective Date, each Covered Executive shall execute and deliver to the Company a written acknowledgment, in form and substance acceptable to the Compensation Committee, that such Covered Executive has received and read this Policy and agrees to be bound by and comply with its terms. The failure of any Covered Executive to execute or deliver such acknowledgment shall not limit the applicability of this Policy to such Covered Executive.
SECTION 8. EXHIBIT FILING
This Policy shall be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Rule 10D-1 and the applicable Exchange listing standards.
SECTION 9. AMENDMENT; TERMINATION
The Board may amend, modify, supplement, rescind, or replace all or any portion of this Policy at any time and from time to time in its discretion; provided, however, that no such amendment, modification, supplement, rescission, or replacement shall be effective to the extent it would cause the Company to violate Rule 10D-1 or the applicable Exchange listing standards. This Policy shall terminate automatically upon the delisting of the Company’s securities from the Exchange, unless the Board determines that this Policy or a modified version thereof shall remain in effect following such delisting.
SECTION 10. GOVERNING LAW
This Policy shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to conflicts of law principles.
SECTION 11. SEVERABILITY
If any provision of this Policy or the application of any such provision to any Covered Executive shall be adjudicated to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Policy, and the invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provisions shall be deemed amended to the minimum extent necessary to render any such provision or application enforceable.
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EXHIBIT A
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF INCENTIVE COMPENSATION CLAWBACK POLICY
I, the undersigned, hereby acknowledge that I have received, read, and understand the Incentive Compensation Clawback Policy (the “Policy”) of Dune Acquisition Corporation II (the “Company”), effective May 8, 2025 I agree to be bound by the terms of the Policy, including, without limitation, the Company’s right to recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation as set forth therein. I further acknowledge and agree that the Policy is not a contract of employment and does not create any obligation on the part of the Company to employ or retain me.
| Signature: | ___________________________________ | |
| Print Name: | ___________________________________ | |
| Title: | ___________________________________ |
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