DUKE Robotics Corp S-1/A, filed Apr 27, 2026
DUKE Robotics Corp. (DUKR)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2026.
Registration No. 333-294808
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1
to
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| 3721 | 47-3052410 | |||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park,
Israel, 2069203
+972-054-5707050
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Yossef Balucka
Chief Executive Officer
10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park,
Israel, 2069203
+972-054-5707050
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With copies to:
|
Alexander R. McClean, Esq. C. Christopher Murillo, Esq. Harter Secrest & Emery LLP 1600 Bausch & Lomb Place Rochester, New York 14604 Tel: (585) 232-6500 Fax: (585) 232-2152 |
Oded Har-Even, Esq. Ron Ben-Bassat, Esq. Sullivan and Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor New York, NY 10020 Tel: (212) 660-3000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Registration Statement contains two prospectuses, as set forth below.
| ● | Public Offering Prospectus. A prospectus to be used for the firm commitment underwritten offering of 648,298 units, consisting of shares of common stock and warrants (the “Public Offering Prospectus”) through the underwriters named in the Underwriting section of the Public Offering Prospectus. |
| ● | Resale Prospectus. A prospectus to be used for the potential resale by the Selling Stockholders of 170,954 shares of common stock of the registrant held by them and/or issuable to them, collectively, that are not being sold pursuant to the Public Offering Prospectus (the “Resale Prospectus”). |
The Resale Prospectus is substantively identical to the Public Offering Prospectus, except for the following principal points:
| ● | they contain different front covers; |
| ● | all references in the Public Offering Prospectus to “this offering” will be changed in the Resale Prospectus to “the public offering,” defined as the underwritten public offering of our units; |
| ● | all references in the Public Offering Prospectus to “underwriter” will be changed in the Resale Prospectus to “underwriter of the public offering”; |
| ● | they contain different “Use of Proceeds” sections; |
| ● | the section “Principal Shareholders” from the Public Offering Prospectus is deleted from the Resale Prospectus, and the section “Selling Stockholders” is inserted in its place; |
| ● | they contain different “Summary — The Offering” sections; |
| ● | the “Underwriting” section in the Public Offering Prospectus is deleted from the Resale Prospectus, and a “Plan of Distribution” section is inserted in its place; |
| ● | the “Legal Matters” section in the Resale Prospectus deletes the reference to counsel for the underwriter that appears in the Public Offering Prospectus; and |
| ● | they contain different back covers. |
The registrant has included in this Registration Statement a set of alternate pages after the back cover page of the Public Offering Prospectus, or the “Alternate Pages”, to reflect the foregoing differences in the Resale Prospectus as compared to the Public Offering Prospectus. The Public Offering Prospectus will exclude the Alternate Pages and will be used for the public offering by the registrant. The Resale Prospectus will be substantively identical to the Public Offering Prospectus except for the addition or substitution of the Alternate Pages, as the case may be, and will be used for the resale offering by the Selling Stockholders of their shares.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and the Company is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED April 27, 2026 |
648,298 Units
Each Unit Consisting of
One Share of Common Stock and
One Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock
This is a firm commitment underwritten public offering of units (the “Units”), based on an assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit, of DUKE Robotics Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”). Each Unit consists of one share of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“common stock”), and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $13.57 per share (110% of the price of each Unit sold in this offering based on an assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit, and not to be less than 100% of such price). The Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certificated or issued as stand-alone securities. The shares of common stock and the warrants comprising the Units must be purchased together in this offering as Units and are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering. Each warrant offered hereby is immediately exercisable on the date of issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.
Our common stock is presently traded on the over-the-counter market and quoted on the OTCQB tier operated by the OTC Markets Group Inc. (the “OTCQB”) under the symbol “DUKR.” On April 24, 2026, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $12.34 per share. We intend to apply to list our common stock and warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DUKR” and “DUKRW” respectively. No assurance can be given that our application will be approved or that the trading prices of our common stock on the OTCQB will be indicative of the prices of our common stock if our common stock were traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If our listing application is not approved by the Nasdaq Capital Market, we will not be able to consummate the offering and will terminate this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the Units or the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the Units or the warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Units and the warrants will be limited.
The offering price of the Units will be determined between the underwriters and us at the time of pricing, considering our historical performance and capital structure, prevailing market conditions, and overall assessment of our business, and may be at a discount to the current market price.
In addition, we have registered an aggregate of 170,954 shares of common stock for resale by certain stockholders (the “Selling Stockholders”) by means of a separate prospectus. The Selling Stockholders may offer and sell the shares covered by such separate prospectus from time to time in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of any of the 170,954 shares of common stock for resale by the Selling Stockholders.
On March 6, 2026, we effected a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of 1-for-25. Unless otherwise noted, the share and per share information in this prospectus reflects the effect of the reverse stock split.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of this prospectus. You should carefully consider these risk factors, as well as the information contained in this prospectus, before you invest.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| Per Unit | Total | |||||||
| Public offering price | $ | 12.34 | $ | 8,000,000 | ||||
| Underwriting discount and commissions (1) | $ | 0.99 | $ | 640,000 | ||||
| Proceeds to us before offering expenses (2) | $ | 11.35 | $ | 7,360,000 | ||||
| (1) | We have also agreed to issue warrants to purchase shares of our common stock to the representative of the underwriters in this offering and to reimburse the representative of the underwriters for certain expenses. See “Underwriting” for additional information regarding total underwriter compensation, including information on underwriting discounts and offering expenses. |
| (2) | The amount of offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give effect to any exercise of the: (i) over-allotment option (if any) we have granted to the representative of the underwriters as described below, (ii) the warrants included in the Units offered hereby, and (iii) warrants being issued to the representative of the underwriters in this offering. |
This Offering is being conducted on a firm commitment basis. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all the Units offered by this prospectus if any such Units are taken.
We have granted a 45-day option to the representative of the underwriters, exercisable one or more times in whole or in part, to purchase up to an additional 97,245 shares of common stock and/or 97,245 additional warrants from us in any combination thereof at the public offering price per share of common stock and $0.0001 per warrant, respectively, less the underwriting discounts payable by us, solely to cover over-allotments, if any.
We will deliver the shares of common stock being issued to the purchasers of Units electronically upon closing and receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the Units offered pursuant to this prospectus. The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock against payment to the investors in this offering on or about , 2026.
Sole Book-Running Manager
Maxim Group LLC
The date of this prospectus is , 2026.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
The registration statement on Form S-1, of which this prospectus forms a part and that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), includes exhibits that provide more detail of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC, together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. Neither we, the Selling Stockholders, nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. Neither we, the Selling Stockholders, nor the underwriters take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. Neither we, the Selling Stockholders, nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale.
For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor any of the Selling Stockholders or underwriters have taken any action that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities covered hereby and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.
The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
No person is authorized in connection with this prospectus to give any information or to make any representations about us, the securities offered hereby or any matter discussed in this prospectus, other than the information and representations contained in this prospectus. If any other information or representation is given or made, such information or representation may not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.
Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than the United States. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You are required to inform yourself about, and to observe any restrictions relating to, this offering and the distribution of this prospectus.
ii
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” created by those sections. The words “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including among others, statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, opportunities, plans, objectives of management, competitive advantages, and expected market growth are forward-looking statements.
Our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors,” those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.
Although the forward-looking statements contained in this registration statement are based upon what management believes to be reasonable assumptions, there is no assurance that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this registration statement or as of the date specified in the documents incorporated by reference herein, as the case may be. The forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.
The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are made only as of the date hereof or as indicated and represent our views as of the date of this prospectus. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as the result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
Industry and Market Data
This prospectus contains estimates made, and other statistical data published, by independent parties and by us relating to market size and growth and other data about our industry.
This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations and contains projections and estimates of the future performance of the industries in which we operate that are inherently subject to a high degree of uncertainty and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. We caution you not to give undue weight to such projections, assumptions and estimates. While we believe that these publications, studies and surveys are reliable, we have not independently verified the data contained in them. In addition, while we believe that the results and estimates from our internal research are reliable, such results and estimates have not been verified by any independent source.
All information included herein relating to shares or price per share reflects the 1-for-25 reverse split effected by us on March 6, 2026.
iii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights certain information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Because this is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information included elsewhere in this prospectus. Before you make an investment decision, you should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and similar headings. You should also carefully read our financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. This prospectus includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Business Overview
We are a robotics company developing advanced robotic and drone-based systems. Our technologies include an advanced robotic stabilization system that enables remote, real-time, pinpoint-accurate firing of small arms and light weapons, as well as civilian drone-based solutions focused on infrastructure maintenance, which is a drone technology for conducting routine maintenance of critical infrastructure for electric utility insulator cleaning.
Although our stabilization technology was initially designed for use on unmanned aerial systems (“UAS”), our robotic solutions are adaptable to other military platforms and civilian applications.
On January 29, 2021, we, through Duke Airborne Systems Ltd. (“Duke Israel”), and Elbit Systems Land Ltd., an Israeli corporation (“Elbit”), entered into a collaboration agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) for the global marketing and sales, and the production and further development by Elbit of our developed advanced robotic system mounted on an unmanned aerial system, or UAS, armed with lightweight firearms, which we then marketed under the commercial name “TIKAD.” On April 2, 2025, we and Elbit executed a supplement letter (the “Supplement Letter”) to the Collaboration Agreement relating to the stabilized weapons drone system technology that Elbit has been marketing and deploying under the brand name “Bird of Prey”. Pursuant to the Supplement Letter, we and Elbit have agreed to expand our collaboration to allow us to market the system to military, defense, home-land security and para-military customers, in coordination with Elbit. We will be entitled to a commission fee, in the mid-single figure percentage range, from any proceeds resulting from our marketing activities, in addition to the royalties we will receive as part of the Collaboration Agreement.
On August 15, 2022, Duke Israel introduced the Insulator Cleaning (“IC”) Drone, a drone technology for conducting routine maintenance of critical infrastructure, and has signed an agreement with Israel Electric Corporation Ltd. (the “IEC”) to provide drone-enabled systems for cleaning electric utility cable insulators. During October 2023, we completed our obligations under the agreement with the IEC. This was followed in August 2024, by a new agreement with the IEC to utilize our innovative IC Drone system for cleaning electric utility cable insulators. On May 12, 2025, we announced the successful commencement of our 2025 insulator cleaning activity in Israel with the IEC under our previously announced service agreement. On June 10, 2025, we announced the launch of our next-generation IC Drone System - the ICDS2 - representing a significant technological advancement in our innovative utility maintenance drone solution. The ICDS2 features several key technological advancements over its predecessor, featuring extended flight time, higher payload capacity, enhanced stability, advanced radar and improved cleaning durability. It has been successfully deployed at the start of the insulator cleaning season in May 2025, marking a full-season operational timeline compared to 2024’s mid-season commencement.
Corporate History
We were founded in 2014 as Unlimited Aerial Systems, LLP (“UAS LLP”). Prior to 2020, we operated as a developer and manufacturer of commercial unmanned aerial systems, with a focus on providing quadrotor aerial platforms for law enforcement and first responder markets.
Duke Robotics Inc. (“Duke Inc.”) was formed in April 2016 and has a wholly owned Israeli subsidiary, Duke Israel, incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel. Duke Israel’s principal offices are located at 10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel 2069203, and our telephone number is +972-054-5707050. Our website address is https://dukeroboticsys.com.
1
On March 9, 2020, we completed a share exchange transaction pursuant to which Duke Inc. became our majority-owned subsidiary (the “Share Exchange”). As a result of the Share Exchange, we adopted Duke Inc.’s business plan. On April 29, 2020, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Duke Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary, UAS Acquisition Corp. On June 25, 2020, Duke Inc. filed a Certificate of Merger with the State of Delaware, and the merger was consummated, resulting in Duke Inc. becoming our wholly owned subsidiary.
On February 18, 2025, we established Duke Robotics Hellas M I.K.E (“Duke Greece”), a wholly owned subsidiary formed under the laws of Greece. On January 13, 2026, Duke Greece received operational authorization from the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority following completion of the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (“SORA”) process under EU Regulation 2019/947. This authorization enables IC Drone operations in Greece and aligns the system with European Union regulatory standards.
Effective October 22, 2020, our common stock began trading on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “USDR.”
On October 28, 2024, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to change our corporate name from UAS Drone Corp. to DUKE Robotics Corp., effective November 4, 2024. In connection with the name change, our OTCQB trading symbol was changed from “USDR” to “DUKR,” effective November 4, 2024.
Listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market
Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “DUKR”. In connection with this offering, we have applied to list our common stock and warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “DUKR” and “DUKRW” respectively. If our listing application is approved, we expect to list our common stock on Nasdaq upon consummation of this offering, at which point our common stock will cease to be traded on the OTCQB Market. No assurance can be given that our listing application will be approved. This offering will only be consummated if Nasdaq approves the listing of our common stock and warrants. Nasdaq listing requirements include, among other things, a stock price threshold. If Nasdaq does not approve the listing of our common stock and warrants, we will not proceed with this offering. There can be no assurance that our common stock and warrants will be listed on Nasdaq.
Reverse Stock Split
On March 4, 2026, we filed a Certificate of Change to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares, par value $0.0001 per share at a ratio of 25-for-1 (the “Reverse Stock Split”), effective as of March 6, 2026. The Company will trade under a new CUSIP Number, 903448207. The Company’s common stock began trading on the OTCQB on a post-split basis at the market open on March 6, 2026. Following the Reverse Stock Split, the Company’s ticker symbol on the OTCQB is traded under the symbol DUKRD for 20 trading days, in accordance with OTC Marketplace rules.
Corporate Information
We were founded in 2014 as UAS LLP. We are a Nevada corporation operating under the name DUKE Robotics Corp. (formerly UAS Drone Corp.). Our principal executive offices are located at 10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industry Park, Israel, 2069203. Our corporate telephone number is +972-054-5707050. Our website address is https://dukeroboticsys.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, or the registration statement to which this prospectus forms a part, the information included on or linked from our website and you should not consider it to be part of this prospectus or the registration statement.
2
Risk Factors Summary
We are subject to various risks discussed in detail under “Risk Factors,” which include risks related to the following:
| ● | We have a limited operating history and have generated limited revenues to date; |
| ● | We may not be able to obtain adequate financing to continue our operations; |
| ● | A substantial portion of our expected revenues is subject to Israeli export control regulations, and any failure to obtain or maintain required approvals or licenses could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; |
| ● | We have inadequate capital and need for additional financing to accomplish our business and strategic plans. Terms of subsequent financing, if any, may adversely impact your investment; |
| ● | Our revenues will depend heavily on government contracts; |
| ● | Significant changes or developments in U.S. laws or policies, including changes in U.S. trade policies and tariffs and the reaction of other countries thereto, may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial statements; |
| ● | We face other risks in our expected international sales; |
| ● | We may experience production delays if suppliers fail to make compliant or timely deliveries; |
| ● | If we fail to manage growth or to prepare for product scalability effectively, it could have an adverse effect on our employee efficiency, product quality, working capital levels and results of operations; |
| ● | We were granted a patent for certain of our key technologies and may apply for additional patents in the future. Our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology is uncertain and may be inadequate, which may have a material and adverse effect on us; |
| ● | We may become subject to claims of infringement or misappropriation of the intellectual property rights of others, which could prohibit us from developing our products, require us to obtain licenses from third parties or to develop non-infringing alternatives and subject us to substantial monetary damages; |
| ● | We believe our current cash on hand will not be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements for a period of twelve months from the issuance of our third quarter financial statements. This raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern; |
| ● | Our executive officer, directors and certain stockholders who are beneficial owners of more than 5% of our outstanding common shares possess the majority of our voting power, and through this ownership, have the ability to control our Company and our corporate actions; |
3
| ● | Challenges in attracting analyst coverage and institutional investor interest due to the way we originally became a public company; |
| ● | There is a substantial lack of liquidity of our common stock and volatility risks; |
| ● | Our common stock is subject to price volatility unrelated to us or our operations; |
| ● | Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, including shares that may be issued upon the exercise or conversion of outstanding securities or become freely tradable under Rule 144 could cause the market price of our common stock to decline; |
| ● | Our financial position raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern; |
| ● | We do not plan to declare or pay any dividends to our stockholders in the near future; |
| ● | “Penny Stock” rules may make buying or selling our common stock difficult; |
| ● | The sales practice requirements of FINRA may also limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock; |
| ● | Our principal executive offices and other significant operations are located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including attacks by Hamas and other terrorist organizations; |
| ● | Our operations are subject to currency and interest rate fluctuations; |
| ● | It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a United States court against us and our officers and directors to assert United States securities laws claims in Israel or to serve process on our officers and directors and these experts; |
| ● | Our operations may be disrupted as a result of the obligation of management or key personnel to perform military service; |
4
| ● | the dilution of our shares as a result of the issuance of additional shares in connection with financing arrangements; |
| ● | the decline in the price of our stock due to offers or sales of substantial number of shares; |
| ● | the limited trading volume and price fluctuations of our stock; |
| ● | the immediate and substantial dilution of the net tangible book value of our common stock; |
| ● | the speculative nature of warrants; |
| ● | provisions of the warrants may discourage a third-party from acquiring us; |
| ● | our ability to meet the initial or continuing Nasdaq listing requirements; |
| ● | We operate in a competitive industry; |
| ● | Undetected defects or malfunctions in our products could impair our financial results, harm our reputation, and expose us to significant product liability claims that may not be adequately covered by insurance; |
| ● | Our business depends on proprietary technology that may be infringed; |
| ● | We rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively; |
| ● | Our management team may not be able to successfully implement our business strategies; |
| ● | Significant disruptions of our information technology systems or breaches of our data security could adversely affect our business; |
| ● | A decline in the price of our common stock could affect our ability to raise working capital and adversely impact our ability to continue operations; |
| ● | The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract management; |
| ● | Future changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and affect reported results of operations. |
Please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 for a more detailed discussion of these risks. Additional risks, beyond those summarized above or discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” or described elsewhere in this prospectus may also materially and adversely impact our business, operations or financial results.
5
Summary of the Offering
| Issuer: | DUKE Robotics Corp. | |
| Securities offered by us: | 648,298 Units, based on a $12.34 assumed public offering price per Unit, each Unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock. Each warrant will have an exercise price of $13.57 per share (110% of the assumed public offering price of each Unit, and not to be less than 100% of such price), is exercisable immediately and will expire five (5) years from the date of issuance. The Units will not be certificated or issued in stand-alone form. The shares of our common stock and the warrants comprising the Units must be purchased together in this offering as Units and are immediately separable upon issuance and will be issued separately in this offering. | |
| Number of shares of common stock offered by us: | 648,298 shares. | |
| Number of warrants offered by us: | Warrants to purchase up to 648,298 shares of common stock. | |
| Assumed public offering price: | $12.34 per Unit. The actual number of Units we will offer will be determined based on the actual public offering price. | |
| Number of shares of common stock offered by Selling Stockholders: | 170,954 shares. | |
| Shares of common stock outstanding prior to the offering (1): | 2,260,383 | |
| Shares of common stock outstanding after the offering (2): | 2,908,681 shares (assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option and that none of the warrants issued in this offering and none of the Representative’s Warrants are exercised). | |
| Over-allotment option: | We have granted a 45-day option to the representative of the underwriters to purchase up to 97,245 additional shares of common stock at a price of $12.34 per share (based on an assumed offering price of $12.34 per Unit) and/or 97,245 additional warrants at a price of $0.0001 per warrant less, in each case, the underwriting discounts payable by us, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If the representative of the underwriters exercises the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us will be $736,000 and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $9,200,000. | |
| Use of proceeds: | We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $6,850,000 from our sale of Units in this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us (assuming no exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment options, the warrants included in the Units or the Representative’s Warrants (as defined below) offered hereby). We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to provide funding for research and development, sales force expansion, marketing, business development and potential acquisitions and for general working capital. See “Use of Proceeds.”
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Stockholders. |
6
| Description of the warrants: | The exercise price of the warrants is $13.57 per share (110% of the assumed public offering price of one Unit, and not to be less than 100% of such price). Each warrant is exercisable for one share of common stock, subject to adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock as described herein. A holder may not exercise any portion of a warrant to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates and any other person or entity acting as a group, would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock after exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants, except that upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may waive such limitation up to a percentage, not in excess of 9.99%. Each warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance and will expire five years after the initial issuance date. The terms of the warrants will be governed by a Warrant Agreement, dated as of the effective date of this offering, between us and Direct Transfer, LLC, a subsidiary of Issuer Direct Corporation, as the warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”). This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. For more information regarding the warrants, you should carefully read the section titled “Description of Securities—Warrants” in this prospectus. | |
| Representative’s Warrants: | The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part also registers for sale warrants (the “Representative’s Warrants”) to purchase up to 59,643 shares of our common stock (based on an assumed offering price of $12.34 per Unit) to Maxim Group LLC (the “Representative”) at an exercise price of $15.43 (125% of the assumed public offering price of the Units), as the representative of the several underwriters, as a portion of the underwriting compensation payable to the Representative in connection with this offering. The Representative’s Warrants will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing six months following the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and will expire five years from such effective date. Please see “Underwriting—Representative’s Warrants” for a description of these warrants. | |
| Trading symbol: | Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “DUKR.” We have applied to have our common stock and warrants listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “DUKR” and “DUKRW,” respectively. We cannot guarantee that Nasdaq will approve our initial listing application for our common stock. If our listing application is not approved by Nasdaq, we will not be able to consummate this offering and will terminate the offering. | |
| Risk factors: | Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk and purchasers of our securities may lose their entire investment. See “Risk Factors” and the other information included and incorporated by reference into this prospectus for a discussion of risk factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our securities. |
7
| Lock-up Agreements: | We and our directors, officers and certain principal shareholders have agreed with the Representative not to offer for sale, issue, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. See “Underwriting—Lock-Up Agreements.” | |
| Transfer Agent and Registrar: | The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Direct Transfer, LLC, a subsidiary of Issuer Direct Corporation, with its business address at One Glenwood Ave, Suite 1001 Raleigh, NC 27603. |
| (1) | Unless we indicate otherwise, the number of shares of our common stock outstanding is based on 2,260,383 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 24, 2026, do not include, as of that date: |
| ● | 731,394 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $16.25 per share; | |
| ● | 319,876 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $0.78 per share; | |
| ● | 160,124 shares of our common stock that are reserved for equity awards that may be granted under our existing equity incentive plan; |
| ● | shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants to be issued in this offering; and |
| ● | shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants. |
| (2) | Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes: |
| ● | that the public offering price is $12.34 per Unit; |
| ● | no exercise of the warrants included in the Units; |
| ● | no exercise of the Representative’s Warrants; and |
| ● | no exercise of the Representative’s option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants from us in this offering. |
8
RISK FACTORS
Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below and all information contained in this prospectus, before you decide whether to purchase our securities. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects would likely suffer, possibly materially. In addition, we may face additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or which as of the date of this registration statement we might not consider significant, which may adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case the trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks or uncertainties, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
We have a limited operating history and have generated limited revenues to date.
Our limited operating history makes evaluating the business and future prospects difficult and may increase the risk of your investment. Our operating subsidiary in Israel was formed in March 2014. To date, we have generated limited revenues, through our commercialization efforts with respect to our products. We intend in the long-term to derive substantial revenues from the sales of the IC Drone, as well as future models of other robots and our UAS platforms for both military and civilian use, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so.
In addition, our relatively new IC Drone product offering to the civilian market may pose risks due to the evolving nature of our business model, which requires expertise that is still being developed internally and could introduce operational challenges. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement and manage this new business model. Our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected if we are unable to successfully integrate the shift in our business model into our existing operations and any inability to do so may also hinder our ability to grow, divert the attention of management and our key personnel, disrupt our business and impair our financial results.
We may not be able to obtain adequate financing to continue our operations.
We expect that we will need to raise additional funds to continue the design, manufacture, sale and servicing of the IC Drone and our stabilized robotic technology as well as develop future robot products and other platforms for the implementation of our products. We believe that we will need to raise additional capital in the future to fund our research and development and commercialization efforts. If we seek to raise additional capital, we may do so through the issuance of equity, equity-related, or debt securities or through obtaining credit from government or financial institutions or other persons. This capital will be necessary to fund ongoing operations, continue research, development and design efforts, establish a sales infrastructure and make the investments in tooling and equipment required to develop and manufacture our products. Moreover, the terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of holders of our securities and the issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. The incurrence of indebtedness could result in increased fixed payment obligations, and we may be required to agree to certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. We could also be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or otherwise at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable, and we may be required to relinquish rights to some of our technologies or product candidates or otherwise agree to terms unfavorable to us, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects. Even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans, we may seek additional capital if market conditions are favorable or if we have specific strategic considerations.
9
We have inadequate capital and need for additional financing to accomplish our business and strategic plans. Terms of subsequent financing, if any, may adversely impact your investment.
We have limited funds, and such funds are not fully adequate to fully support our future development and business plans. Our ultimate success may depend on our ability to raise additional capital. In the absence of additional financing or significant revenues and profits, the Company will have to approach its business plan from a much different and much more restricted direction, attempting to secure additional funding sources to fund its growth, borrowing money from lenders or elsewhere or to take other actions to attempt to obtain funding.
We may have to engage in common equity, debt, or preferred stock financings in the future. Your rights and the value of your investment in the common stock could be reduced by the dilution caused by future equity issuances. Interest on debt securities could increase costs and negatively impact operating results. In the event we are permitted to issue preferred stock pursuant to the terms of our Articles of Incorporation, preferred stock could be issued in series from time to time with such designation, rights, preferences, and limitations as needed to raise capital. The terms of preferred stock would be more advantageous to those investors than to the holders of common stock. In addition, if we need to raise more equity capital from the sale of common stock, institutional or other investors may negotiate terms possibly less favorable to us, and thereby adversely impact your investment. Shares of common stock which we sell from time to time could be sold into any market that develops, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Our revenues will depend heavily on government contracts
We expect to derive most of our immediate future revenues from the civilian sector or from governmental and quasi-governmental customers in the energy utility sector As a result, our revenues may be concentrated among a relatively limited number of customers, and the loss of, or a material reduction in business from, any significant customer could have a disproportionate adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations and cash flows. Governmental and quasi-governmental customers are subject to budgeting, appropriations and procurement processes that are inherently uncertain and may be delayed, reduced or eliminated due to numerous factors, including changes in political leadership, shifting policy priorities, macroeconomic conditions and geo-political events that are beyond our control. The funding of government programs could be reduced or eliminated due to numerous factors, including geo-political events and macro-economic conditions that are beyond our control. Reduction or elimination of government spending under our contracts would imperil the sales of our products and may cause a negative effect on our revenues, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.
In addition, our business is subject to heightened regulatory and compliance requirements applicable to government contractors and suppliers to operators of critical infrastructure, including requirements relating to cybersecurity, data protection, export controls, safety certifications, reporting obligations and audit rights. Compliance with these requirements may increase our operating costs, require significant management attention and expose us to fines, penalties, contract termination, suspension or debarment if we fail to comply.
Our contracts with governmental and quasi-governmental customers may also limit our ability to pass through cost overruns, inflationary pressures or other pricing increases, which could adversely affect our margins and profitability.
Political developments, changes in government policy or international relations and heightened sensitivity around defense, security and critical infrastructure technologies may further restrict our ability to compete for contracts or may subject our products and operations to increased scrutiny.
The deployment of our products and technologies in high-risk or mission-critical applications, including critical infrastructure maintenance or security-sensitive environments, may expose us to increased litigation risk, including claims arising from alleged product failures, malfunctions, property damage, personal injury or other adverse events. Defending against such claims could be costly and time-consuming and could result in significant damages, reputational harm or limitations on our ability to deploy our technologies.
Any actual or perceived failure of our products, or adverse publicity related to their use in high-risk environments, could also result in reputational harm that may adversely affect our relationships with customers, regulators and other stakeholders.
10
A substantial portion of our expected revenues is subject to Israeli export control regulations, and any failure to obtain or maintain required approvals or licenses could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The sale and export of the “Bird of Prey” stabilized weapons drone systems by Elbit are subject to extensive regulation by the Israeli Ministry of Defense (“IMOD”) and other governmental authorities. Israeli law regulates the export of defense-related hardware, software and technology, as well as certain “dual-use” items, and generally requires the receipt of marketing approvals and export licenses prior to offering, selling or exporting covered products. We are required to obtain and maintain applicable IMOD approvals for each relevant transaction, and such approvals may be delayed, conditioned, limited, revoked or not renewed. As a result, our revenues from royalties for sales of the “Bird of Prey” stabilized weapons drone systems through our collaboration with Elbit are highly dependent on Elbit’s continued ability to obtain and maintain the necessary approvals and licenses in a timely manner. Any delay, denial, revocation or non-renewal of required export approvals or licenses, changes in Israeli export policy, geopolitical developments, or heightened regulatory scrutiny could restrict or prevent marketing, selling or delivering of these products to certain customers or in certain jurisdictions.
In addition, non-compliance with applicable export control laws or regulations could result in fines, penalties, suspension or revocation of licenses, criminal liability, reputational harm and restrictions on our ability to conduct future export activities. Any of these outcomes could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We face other risks in our expected international sales.
We expect to derive a significant portion of our revenues ultimately from international sales. Changes in international, political, economic or geographic events could cause significant reductions in our revenues, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to the other risks from international operations set forth elsewhere in these Risk Factors, some of the risks of doing business internationally include imposition of tariffs and other trade barriers and restrictions, political and economic instability in the countries of our customers and suppliers, changes in diplomatic and trade relationships and increasing instances of terrorism worldwide. Due to our subsidiary being located in the State of Israel, some of these risks may be affected by Israel’s overall political situation. (See “Risks Related to Israeli Law and Our Operations in Israel” below.)
We may experience production delays if suppliers fail to make compliant or timely deliveries.
The manufacturing process for some of our products largely consists of the assembly, integration and testing of purchased components. If a supplier stops delivery of such components, finding another source could result in added cost and manufacturing delays. Our supply chain may also be exposed to broader risks beyond individual supplier performance, including limited availability of certain specialized or critical components, subcomponents or raw materials, such as electronics, sensors, batteries, semiconductors or materials that may be sourced from a limited number of suppliers or geographic regions. Moreover, if our subcontractors fail to meet their design, delivery schedule or other obligations we could be held liable by our customers, and we may be unable to obtain full or partial recovery from our subcontractors for those liabilities. In addition, certain components or materials used in our products may be subject to export controls, trade restrictions, tariffs, sanctions or embargoes, including restrictions related to dual-use technologies, defense-related systems or materials sourced from jurisdictions subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny. Changes in trade policy, geo-political tensions or the imposition of new sanctions or embargoes could limit our ability to procure components, require us to redesign products, seek alternative suppliers or obtain governmental approvals, any of which could result in increased costs, production delays or reduced margins.
Supply chain disruptions may also arise from macroeconomic conditions, inflation, labor shortages, transportation constraints, natural disasters or other events beyond our control, which could further impact the availability, quality or cost of components used in our products.
The foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
11
If we fail to manage growth or to prepare for product scalability effectively, it could have an adverse effect on our employee efficiency, product quality, working capital levels and results of operations.
Any significant growth in the market for our products or our entry into new markets may require an expansion of our employee base for managerial, operational, financial, and other purposes. As of March 12, 2026, we have engaged three (3) executive officers, our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). During any period of growth, we may face problems related to our operational and financial systems and controls, including quality control and delivery and service capacities. We would also need to continue to expand, train and manage our employee base. Continued future growth will impose significant added responsibilities upon the members of management to identify, recruit, maintain, integrate, and motivate new employees.
Aside from increased difficulties in the management of human resources, we may also encounter working capital issues, as we will need increased liquidity to finance the development of new products, and the hiring of additional employees. For effective growth management, we will be required to continue improving our operations, management, and financial systems and controls. Our failure to manage growth effectively may lead to operational and financial inefficiencies that will have a negative effect on our profitability. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to timely and effectively meet that demand and maintain the quality standards required by our existing and potential customers.
We were granted a patent for certain of our key technologies and may apply for additional patents in the future. Our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology is uncertain and may be inadequate, which may have a material and adverse effect on us.
Our success depends significantly on our ability to protect our proprietary rights to the technologies used in our products. We were granted a patent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to protect certain of our key technologies, however, we cannot assure you that we will be able to control all of the rights for all of our intellectual property. We do not know whether any of our future patent applications, if any, will result in the issuance of any patents. Even issued patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Patents may not provide a competitive advantage or afford protection against competitors with similar technology. Competitors or potential competitors may have filed applications for, or may have received patents and may obtain additional and proprietary rights to technologies or processes used by or competitive with ours. Both the patent application process and the process of managing patent disputes can be time-consuming and expensive. Competitors may be able to design around our patents or develop products which provide outcomes which are comparable or may even be superior to ours.
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation technologies may further increase competitive pressure and could, over time, enable competitors or third parties to replicate, approximate or otherwise achieve similar functional outcomes to certain aspects of our technologies without infringing our patents or proprietary rights. While we believe that our technology stack is differentiated by its control software, hardware design and system-level engineering, there can be no assurance that advances in AI-driven modeling, simulation or autonomous control systems will not reduce the technological barriers to entry in our markets or diminish the competitive advantage of our proprietary solutions.
In the event a competitor infringes upon our intellectual property rights, enforcing those rights may be costly, uncertain, difficult and time consuming. Even if successful, litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against challenge could be expensive and time consuming and could divert our management’s attention. We may not have sufficient resources to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents rights against a challenge. The failure to obtain patents and/or protect our intellectual property rights could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
12
In addition, we have taken steps to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology, including entering into confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with all of our executive officers, employees, consultants and advisors, however, such agreements may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of the agreements. Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. However, we have not executed confidentiality agreement or non-compete agreements with our third-party suppliers and there is no restriction on their working with our competitors or selling our component designs to other parties. In that regard, we deem our complex kinematic algorithms and control software to be our most valuable intellectual property and is done in-house only with no sub-contractor involved. In that regard, while our complex kinematic algorithms and control software are developed entirely in-house and are not shared with subcontractors, we primarily rely on a combination of trade secret protection, copyright law and contractual confidentiality measures to protect these technologies. Trade secret protection depends on our ability to maintain the secrecy of the underlying information, and may be lost if such information is disclosed, misappropriated or independently developed by third parties. Copyright protection generally protects the expression of software code, but does not prevent others from developing independent software, algorithms or systems that perform similar functions or achieve comparable results.
These forms of protection are subject to inherent limitations and weaknesses, including risks arising from employee turnover, cybersecurity incidents, unauthorized access, reverse engineering, inadvertent disclosure during product deployment or customer support, and the use of third-party components or interfaces. In addition, enforcement of trade secret or copyright rights can be costly, uncertain and time-consuming, particularly in foreign jurisdictions where legal protections and remedies may be more limited. As a result, we may be unable to prevent competitors from replicating or approximating aspects of our proprietary technologies, which could materially adversely affect our competitive position and business.
We may become subject to claims of infringement or misappropriation of the intellectual property rights of others, which could prohibit us from developing our products, require us to obtain licenses from third parties or to develop non-infringing alternatives and subject us to substantial monetary damages.
Third parties could, in the future, assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to products we develop. Whether a product infringes a patent or misappropriates other intellectual property involves complex legal and factual issues, the determination of which is often uncertain. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we have not infringed the intellectual property rights of others. Our potential competitors may assert that some aspect of our product infringes their patents. Because patent applications may take years to issue, there also may be applications now pending of which we are unaware that may later result in issued patents upon which our products could infringe. There also may be existing patents or pending patent applications of which we are unaware upon which our products may inadvertently infringe.
Any infringement or misappropriation claim could cause us to incur significant costs, place significant strain on our financial resources, divert management’s attention from our business and harm our reputation. If the relevant patents in such claim were upheld as valid and enforceable and we were found to infringe them, we could be prohibited from selling any product that is found to infringe unless we could obtain licenses to use the technology covered by the patent or are able to design around the patent. We may be unable to obtain such a license on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and we may not be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement. A court could also order us to pay compensatory damages for such infringement, plus prejudgment interest and could, in addition, treble the compensatory damages and award attorney fees. These damages could be substantial and could harm our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results. A court also could enter orders that temporarily, preliminarily or permanently enjoin us and our customers from making, using, or selling products, and could enter an order mandating that we undertake certain remedial activities. Depending on the nature of the relief ordered by the court, we could become liable for additional damages to third parties.
Significant changes or developments in U.S. laws or policies, including changes in U.S. trade policies and tariffs and the reaction of other countries thereto, may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial statements.
Significant changes or developments in U.S. laws and policies, such as laws and policies surrounding international trade, foreign affairs, manufacturing and development and investment in the territories and countries where we or our customers operate, can materially adversely affect our business and financial statements. Tariffs imposed by the U.S. government, may increase the cost of certain raw materials and components used in our products. If these tariffs remain in place or are expanded, or if new trade restrictions are implemented, our manufacturing costs could increase, which could materially and adversely affect our margins and financial results.
13
Furthermore, changes in trade policy have increased uncertainty in our industry, and any escalation in trade tensions could disrupt our supply chain, delay production timelines, or require costly modifications to sourcing and logistics strategies. The extent and duration of the tariffs and the resulting impact on general economic conditions and on our business are uncertain and depend on various factors, such as negotiations between the U.S. and affected countries, the responses of other countries or regions, exemptions or exclusions that may be granted, availability and cost of alternative sources of supply, and demand for our products in affected markets.
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Capital Requirements
We believe our current cash on hand will not be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements for a period of twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. This raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We believe that our current cash on hand will not be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements for a period of twelve months from the issuance of our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. This raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and could materially limit our ability to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or debt securities or otherwise. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our investors may lose their entire investment in our securities. Until we can generate significant revenues, if ever, we expect to satisfy our future cash needs through debt or equity financing. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. If funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate research or development plans for, or commercialization efforts with respect to our products.
Risks Related to this Offering and our Securities
Our executive officer, directors and certain stockholders who are beneficial owners of more than 5% of our outstanding common shares possess the majority of our voting power, and through this ownership, have the ability to control our Company and our corporate actions.
Our current executive officer and directors hold approximately 12.6% of the issued and outstanding voting power of the Company’s outstanding shares. These persons have a controlling influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. As such, our directors and executive officer may have the power, acting alone or together, to prevent or cause a change in control; therefore, without their consent we could be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us. The interests of our executive officer may give rise to a conflict of interest with the Company and the Company’s shareholders.
In addition, we have a number of stockholders who are beneficial owners of more than 5% of our outstanding common shares, including one such shareholder who beneficially owns approximately 19.9% of our issued and outstanding shares, and as such, also may have the ability to prevent us from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us and/or other shareholders. In addition, we have one additional non-affiliated stockholder who beneficially owns more than 5% of our outstanding common shares. Although none of these non-affiliated stockholders currently have a controlling influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions, obtaining their vote on certain matters may be necessary to effect certain actions that our management and directors otherwise deem to be in the best interests of the Company.
14
Because we originally became a public company through a reverse merger, we may continue to face challenges in attracting analyst coverage and institutional investor interest.
We originally became a public company through a reverse merger, rather than through a traditional underwritten initial public offering. Companies that enter the public markets through reverse mergers often receive less attention from securities analysts and institutional investors, and such perceptions may persist notwithstanding our uplisting to a national securities exchange. Because no investment bank acted as an underwriter in connection with our becoming a public company, there is no broker-dealer with an inherent incentive to provide research coverage of our company. The absence or limited availability of research coverage may reduce the visibility of our business in the public markets, which could limit investor interest, reduce trading volume and adversely affect the market price and liquidity of our securities. Although our uplisting may increase our visibility and improve access to a broader investor base, there can be no assurance that analysts will initiate or maintain coverage of our company following the uplisting or that we will be able to attract institutional investors.
There is a substantial lack of liquidity of our common stock and volatility risks.
Our common stock is traded on the over-the-counter market with quotations published on the OTC Markets Group, Inc.’s OTCQB® tier Venture Market, under the symbol “DUKR.” The trading volume of our common stock historically has been limited and sporadic, and the stock prices have been volatile. As a result of the limited and sporadic trading activity, the quoted price for our common stock on the over-the-counter market is not necessarily a reliable indicator of its fair market value. The price at which our common stock will trade in the future may be highly volatile and may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, any potential business combination that we announce, as well as the number of shares available for sale in the market.
The trading volume of our common stock may be limited and sporadic. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company which is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would likely be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. We cannot give you any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained. As a result of such trading activity, the quoted price for our common stock on the OTCQB may not necessarily be a reliable indicator of our fair market value. In addition, if our shares of common stock cease to be quoted, holders would find it more difficult to dispose of or to obtain accurate quotation as to the market value of our common stock and as a result, the market value of our common stock likely would decline.
Other factors that could have a similar impact include, but are not limited to:
| ● | the increased concentration of the ownership of our shares by a limited number of affiliated stockholders following the Share Exchange may limit interest in our securities; |
| ● | limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on the market price for our common stock; |
| ● | variations in quarterly operating results from the expectations; |
15
| ● | revisions in securities analysts’ estimates or reductions; |
| ● | our ability to obtain working capital financing; |
| ● | announcements of new products or services by us or our competitors and changes in our industry; |
| ● | reductions in the market share of our products; |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of significant strategic acquisitions; |
| ● | loss of any strategic relationship; |
| ● | regulatory developments; |
| ● | general technological, market or economic trends; |
| ● | investor perception of our industry or prospects; |
| ● | insider selling or buying; |
| ● | investors entering into short sale contracts; |
| ● | regulatory developments affecting our industry; and |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel. |
Many of these factors are beyond our control and may decrease the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. We cannot make any predictions or projections as to what the prevailing market price for our common stock will be at any time, including as to whether our common stock will sustain current market prices, or as to what effect that the sale of shares or the availability of common stock for sale at any time will have on the prevailing market price.
Our common stock is subject to price volatility unrelated to us or our operations.
The market price of our common stock could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including quarterly operating results of other companies in the same industry, changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets, or other developments affecting the Company’s competitors.
In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
16
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, including shares that may be issued upon the exercise or conversion of outstanding securities or become freely tradable under Rule 144, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Out of the currently 2,260,383 outstanding shares of our common stock of which only 728,024 were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC on June 5, 2020, the rest of our shares of common stock that are currently outstanding are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Restricted securities may be sold only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, in compliance with Rule 144, or under another available exemption from registration, and in each case in compliance with applicable state securities laws.
In general, once the applicable holding period and other requirements of Rule 144 are satisfied, a person who is not an “affiliate” of our company and has not been an affiliate during the preceding three months may resell restricted shares without limitation. Affiliates may resell restricted shares in accordance with the volume, manner of sale and other limitations of Rule 144, which, among other things, generally limit the number of shares that may be sold within any three-month period to the greater of 1% of the then-outstanding shares of our common stock or the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the principal trading market during the four calendar weeks immediately preceding the sale.
If our existing stockholders, particularly our affiliates or significant stockholders, or the Selling Stockholders, sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception exists that such sales may occur, the market price of our common stock could decline. Any such sales, or the perception that they may occur, could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity or equity-linked securities in the future.
The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part also registers on behalf of the Selling Stockholders an aggregate of 170,954 shares of common stock. Sales of a substantial number of our shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholders at such time could cause the market price of our shares of common stock to drop (possibly below the assumed public offering price of the shares in this offering). The market price of our shares of common stock may drop significantly when the restrictions on resale by our other existing stockholders lapse or if there is an expectation that such a lapse of resale restrictions or registration of shares will occur. A decline in the trading price of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities and may impair your ability to sell shares at a price higher than the price you paid for them or at all.
If we fail to maintain our listing on Nasdaq and our common stock once again becomes subject to the “penny stock” rules, it may be more difficult for investors to sell their shares.
Prior to our proposed listing on the Nasdaq, our common stock has been quoted on the OTCQB and, during that time, has been subject to the “penny stock” rules under the Exchange Act. Securities subject to the penny stock rules are generally equity securities with a market price of less than $5.00 per share that are not listed on a national securities exchange and that do not otherwise qualify for an exemption from the penny stock definition.
While we expect that, upon and for so long as our common stock is listed on Nasdaq and we satisfy the applicable quantitative listing standards, our common stock will not be considered a penny stock, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain such listing. If, in the future, our common stock ceases to be listed on a national securities exchange and does not otherwise qualify for an exemption, it could again become subject to the penny stock rules. In that event, broker-dealers effecting transactions in our common stock would be subject to additional sales practice and disclosure requirements, including making a special written suitability determination and obtaining the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. These additional burdens may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, which could reduce liquidity and have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
17
The sales practice requirements of FINRA may also limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.
In addition to the “penny stock” rules described above, FINRA has adopted Rule 2111 that requires a broker-dealer to have reasonable grounds for believing that an investment is suitable for a customer before recommending the investment. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. The FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy the Company’s common stock, which may limit your ability to buy and sell the Company’s stock and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.
Investors in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value.
The public offering price of the shares of common stock included in the Units will be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, investors in this offering will incur immediate dilution of $9.92 per share based on the assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit. Investors in this offering will pay a price per Unit that substantially exceeds the book value of our assets after subtracting our liabilities. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment will be diluted upon the completion of this offering.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering and may not use the proceeds effectively.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for research and development, sales force expansion, marketing, business development and potential acquisitions and for general working capital. Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our operating results or enhance the value of our securities.
Our expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business condition. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the completion of this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual use of the net proceeds will vary depending on numerous factors, including amount of cash used in our operations, which can be highly uncertain, subject to substantial risks and can often change. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering.
The warrants included in the Units are speculative in nature.
The warrants included in the Units offered in this offering do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of our common stock at a fixed price for a limited period of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of such warrants may exercise their right to acquire shares of common stock and pay an exercise price of $13.57 per share (110% of the assumed public offering price of a Unit, and not to be less than 100% of such price), prior to five years from the date of issuance, after which date any such unexercised warrants will expire and have no further value. In addition, there is no established trading market for such warrants and we do not expect a market to develop.
18
Holders of the warrants included in the Units offered hereby will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.
Until holders of the warrants included in the Units offered hereby acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, the holders will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. Upon exercise of the warrants, the holder will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder as to the security exercised only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise.
Provisions of the warrants offered by this prospectus could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.
In addition to the discussion of the provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, our amended by-laws, certain provisions of the warrants included in the Units offered by this prospectus could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. Such warrants prohibit us from engaging in certain transactions constituting “fundamental transactions” unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under such warrants. These and other provisions of the warrants included in the Units offered by this prospectus could prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you.
Even though we conducted the Reverse Stock Split, we cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will remain high enough for such reverse split to have the intended effect of complying with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement.
Even if the Reverse Stock Split achieves the requisite increase in the market price of our common stock to be in compliance with the minimum bid price of Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that (i) the market price of our common stock will remain at the level required for continuing compliance with that requirement, or (ii) we will meet Nasdaq’s minimum requirements or standards. It is not uncommon for the market price of a company’s common stock to decline in the period following a reverse stock split. If the market price of our common stock declines following the effectuation of the Reverse Stock Split, the percentage decline may be greater than would occur in the absence of the Reverse Stock Split. In any event, other factors unrelated to the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, such as negative financial or operational results, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and jeopardize our ability to meet or maintain Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement.
If we are unable to satisfy these requirements or standards, we would not be able to meet Nasdaq’s initial listing standards, which could cause us to terminate this offering. We can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our common stock to be listed, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with the listing requirements.
Even if Nasdaq approves the listing of our securities, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards, a failure of which could result in a de-listing of our common stock.
In conjunction with this offering, we have applied to list our common stock on Nasdaq. Prior to this offering, our common stock has been quoted on OTCQB. There is no assurance that our common stock will ever be listed on Nasdaq or that we will be able to comply with such applicable listing standards. Should our common stock be listed on Nasdaq, in order to maintain that listing, Nasdaq requires that the trading price of a company’s listed stock on Nasdaq remain above one dollar in order for such stock to remain listed. If a listed stock trades below one dollar for more than 30 consecutive trading days, then it is subject to delisting from Nasdaq. In addition, to maintain a listing on Nasdaq, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director independence and independent committee requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, and certain corporate governance requirements. If we are unable to satisfy these requirements or standards, we could be subject to delisting, which would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we would expect to take actions to restore our compliance with the listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with the listing requirements.
If our listing application for our common stock is not approved by Nasdaq, we will not be able to consummate the offering and will terminate this offering.
An approval of our listing application by Nasdaq will be subject to, among other things, our fulfillment of the following conditions: (i) the offering is completed and closed; and (ii) we have raised a sufficient amount of equity necessary to qualify for the minimum equity requirements necessary to list on Nasdaq. If we fail to meet the minimum requirements for listing on Nasdaq, we will not be able to consummate the offering and will terminate this offering. Failure to have our common stock listed on Nasdaq would make it more difficult for our stockholders to dispose of our common stock and more difficult to obtain accurate price quotations on our common stock. Our ability to issue additional securities for financing or other purposes, or otherwise to arrange for any financing we may need in the future, may also be materially and adversely affected if our common stock is not traded on a national securities exchange. We will need to receive a minimum net proceeds from the offering of $5.5 million in order to satisfy the listing conditions to trade our common stock on Nasdaq.
19
There is no assurance that once listed on Nasdaq we will not continue to experience volatility in our share price.
The OTCQB, where our common stock is currently quoted, is an inter-dealer, over-the-counter market that provides significantly less liquidity than Nasdaq. Our common stock is thinly traded due to the limited number of shares available for trading on the OTCQB thus causing large swings in price. As such, investors and potential investors may find it difficult to obtain accurate stock price quotations, and holders of our common stock may be unable to resell their securities at or near their original offering price or at any price. Our public offering price per Unit may vary from the market price of our common stock after the offering. If an active market for our common stock develops and continues, our common stock price may nevertheless be volatile. If our common stock experiences volatility, investors may not be able to sell their common stock at or above the public offering price per Unit. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock and our common stock price may decline substantially in a short period of time. As a result, our shareholders could suffer losses or be unable to liquidate their holdings. No assurance can be given that the price of our common stock will become less volatile when listed on Nasdaq.
Market prices for our common stock will be influenced by a number of factors, including:
| ● | the issuance of new equity securities of the Company pursuant to a future offering, including issuances of preferred stock; |
| ● | the introduction of new products or services by us or our competitors; |
| ● | any future reseller arrangements with global and domestic providers and brand owners; |
| ● | changes in interest rates; |
| ● | significant dilution caused by the anti-dilutive clauses in our financial agreements; |
| ● | competitive developments, including announcements by our competitors of new products or services or significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| ● | variations in our quarterly operating results; |
| ● | change in financial estimates by securities analysts; |
| ● | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our Company; |
| ● | the depth and liquidity of the market for our shares of common stock; |
| ● | sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our major stockholders, any executive officers or directors appointed in the future, or by other significant shareholders; |
| ● | investor perceptions of our Company; and |
| ● | general economic and other national and international conditions. |
Market price fluctuations may negatively affect the ability of investors to sell our shares at consistent prices.
Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, including following this offering, may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of large blocks of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock. The existence of these shares, warrants and options create a circumstance commonly referred to as an “overhang” which can act as a depressant to our common stock price. The existence of an overhang, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make our ability to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-linked securities more difficult in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate. If our existing shareholders and investors seek to sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock, such selling efforts may cause significant declines in the market price of our common stock.
In addition, the shares of our common stock included in the Units and underlying warrants sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. As a result, a substantial number of shares of our common stock may be sold in the public market following this offering. If there are significantly more shares of common stock offered for sale than buyers are willing to purchase, then the market price of our common stock may decline to a market price at which buyers are willing to purchase the offered common stock and sellers remain willing to sell our common stock.
20
Our common stock may be affected by limited trading volume and price fluctuations, which could adversely impact the value of our common stock.
Our common stock has experienced, and is likely to experience in the future, significant price and volume fluctuations, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock without regard to our operating performance. In addition, we believe that factors such as quarterly fluctuations in our financial results and changes in the overall economy or the condition of the financial markets could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. These fluctuations may also cause short sellers to periodically enter the market in the belief that we will have poor results in the future. We cannot predict the actions of market participants and, therefore, can offer no assurances that the market for our common stock will be stable or appreciate over time.
Because we may issue preferred stock without the approval of our shareholders and have other anti-takeover defenses, it may be more difficult for a third party to acquire us and could depress our stock price.
In general, our board of directors may issue, without a vote of our shareholders, one or more additional series of preferred stock that have more than one vote per share, although the Company’s ability to designate and issue preferred stock is currently restricted by covenants under our agreements with prior investors. Without these restrictions, our board of directors could issue preferred stock to investors who support us and our management and give effective control of our business to our management. Additionally, issuance of preferred stock could block an acquisition resulting in both a drop in our stock price and a decline in interest of our common stock. This could make it more difficult for shareholders to sell their common stock. This could also cause the market price of our common stock shares to drop significantly, even if our business is performing well.
We do not expect to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, and any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to the appreciation in the value of our shares.
We have not declared or paid any dividends in the past, and we do not currently intend to declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain any future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business. The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including our results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, operating and capital requirements and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future or, if dividends are paid, as to the amount of any such dividends. As a result, stockholders may only realize a return on their investment through the appreciation in the market price of our common stock, if any.
Our Selling Stockholders have purchased their shares at a price that is lower than the purchase price of the shares in this offering and will be able to sell their shares after completion of this offering subject to restrictions under the lock-up requirement.
Our Selling Stockholders have purchased their shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $1.70 per share, which is lower than the assumed initial public offering price of $12.34 per share. The shares issued to the Selling Stockholders are “restricted” securities under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and are being registered to provide the Selling Stockholders the opportunity to sell those shares. Because these stockholders have paid a lower price per share than participants in this offering, they may be more willing to accept a lower sales price than the assumed initial public offering price. This fact could impact the trading price of the shares following completion of the offering to the detriment of participants in this offering.
Risks Related to Israeli Law and Our Operations in Israel
Our principal executive offices and other significant operations are located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the 2023 attack by Hamas and other terrorist organizations from the Gaza Strip and Israel’s war against them.
Our executive offices and corporate headquarters are located in Israel. In addition, our officers and directors are residents of Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military and security conditions in Israel and the surrounding region may directly affect our business. Any conflicts, political instability, terrorism, cyberattacks or any other hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners could adversely affect our operations. Ongoing and revived hostilities in the Middle East or other Israeli political or economic factors, could harm our operations.
In October 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza Strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel’s border with the Gaza Strip and in other areas within the State of Israel. These attacks resulted in extensive deaths, injuries and kidnapping of civilians and soldiers. Following the attack, Israel’s security cabinet declared war against Hamas and a military campaign against these terrorist organizations commenced in parallel to their continued rocket and terror attacks.
21
Following Hamas’s attack on Israel, other regional hostilities became more pronounced and evolved into a multi-front war. This included a northern front war between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon. As of the end of November 2024, Israel entered into a ceasefire agreement with Hezbollah, but there are no assurances as to whether the agreement will hold or whether further hostilities with Hezbollah will resume. In addition, the Iranian-backed Houthi Movement in Yemen launched direct attacks on Israel involving drones and missiles, and attacked container ships on the Red Sea. Such disruption to our operations previously included certain delays and diversions of the import of certain components for manufacturing and production as a result of reduced air travel and the attacks on container ships on the Red Sea route by the Houthi Movement. However, following the announcement of a ceasefire with Hamas, the Houthi Movement has stated that it will suspend such attacks, so long as the ceasefire with Hamas remains in place, and the immediate risk of further disruption has temporarily decreased.
In April 2024 and October 2024, Iran launched direct attacks on Israel involving hundreds of drones and missiles. On June 13, 2025, in light of continued nuclear threats and intelligence assessments indicating imminent attacks, Israel launched a preemptive strike directly targeting military and nuclear infrastructure inside Iran aimed to disrupt Iran’s capacity to coordinate or launch further hostilities against Israel, as well as disrupt its nuclear program. For 12 days, both sides launched attacks against one another, with Iran targeting civilian infrastructure. As a result of the escalation with Iran, Israel temporarily closed its airspace and ceased all port activity related to commercial shipments. On June 22, 2025, the United States military joined Israel in launching strikes directly targeting nuclear infrastructure in Iran. More recently, in February 2026, hostilities between Israel and Iran escalated again. In late February 2026, the United States and Israel conducted a major joint military campaign of air and missile strikes against targets in Iran, which triggered a broad Iranian response and contributed to significant regional instability. The situation remains highly fluid, and we are unable to predict when, or on what terms, this escalation will be resolved.
Further escalation, whether involving direct confrontation between Israel and Iran or through regional proxy groups, could result in additional mobilization of reserve personnel, further restrictions on movement or commerce, damage to infrastructure, supply chain interruptions, disruptions to global energy markets, and heightened cybersecurity threats. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our operations, financial condition, and results of operations, particularly if disruptions are prolonged or recur.
While the intensity and duration of the multi-front conflict have been difficult to predict, the current ceasefire marks a potential shift towards stability in the region. If sustained, this could reduce disruptions to our business and operations, and on Israel’s economy in general. However, if the war resumes or expands to other fronts, our operations may be harmed.
Further, in the past, the State of Israel and Israeli companies have been subjected to economic boycotts. Several countries still restrict business with the State of Israel and with Israeli companies. These restrictive laws and policies may have an adverse impact on our operating results, financial condition or the expansion of our business. A campaign of boycotts, divestment and sanctions has been undertaken against Israel, which could also adversely impact our business. Moreover, we cannot predict how this war will ultimately affect Israel’s economy in general, which may involve a downgrade in Israel’s credit rating by rating agencies (such as Moody’s outlook rating of Israel as “stable” and rating level as Baa1). We may also be targeted by cyber terrorists specifically because we are an Israeli-related company.
Prior to the Hamas attack in October 2023, the Israeli government pursued extensive changes to Israel’s judicial system. In response to the foregoing developments, individuals, organizations and institutions, both within and outside of Israel, have voiced concerns that the proposed changes may negatively impact the business environment in Israel including due to reluctance of foreign investors to invest or transact business in Israel as well as to increased currency fluctuations, downgrades in credit rating, increased interest rates, increased volatility in securities markets, and other changes in macroeconomic conditions. The risk of such negative developments has increased in light of the recent Hamas attacks and the war against Hamas declared by Israel, regardless of the proposed changes to the judicial system and the related debate. To the extent that any of these negative developments do occur, they may have an adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and our ability to raise additional funds, if deemed necessary by our management and board of directors.
22
Our operations are subject to currency and interest rate fluctuations.
We incur expenses in U.S. dollars, Euro and NIS, but our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars. The U.S. dollar is our functional currency. However, as we also incur expenses in NIS and Euro, we are affected by foreign currency exchange fluctuations through both translation risk and transaction risk. As a result, we are exposed to the risk that the NIS may appreciate relative to the dollar, or, if the NIS instead devalues relative to the dollar or the Euro, that the inflation rate in Israel may exceed such rate of devaluation of the NIS, or that the timing of such devaluation may lag behind inflation in Israel. In any such event, the dollar cost of our operations in Israel would increase and our dollar-denominated results of operations would be adversely affected.
It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a United States court against us and our officers and directors to assert United States securities laws claims in Israel or to serve process on our officers and directors and these experts.
Our executive office, corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities are located in Israel. In addition, all of our officers and directors are residents of Israel. All of our assets and most of the assets of these persons are located in Israel. Service of process upon us or our non-U.S. resident directors and officers and enforcement of judgments obtained in the United States against us or our non-U.S. our directors and executive officers may be difficult to obtain within the United States. We have been informed by our legal counsel in Israel that it may be difficult to assert claims under U.S. securities laws in original actions instituted in Israel, or obtain a judgment based on the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on a violation of U.S. securities laws against us or our non-U.S. officers and directors because Israel may not be the most appropriate forum to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel addressing the matters described above. Israeli courts might not enforce judgments rendered outside Israel, which may make it difficult to collect on judgments rendered against us or our non-U.S. officers and directors.
Moreover, an Israeli court will not enforce a non-Israeli judgment if it was given in a state whose laws do not provide for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts (subject to exceptional cases), if its enforcement is likely to prejudice the sovereignty or security of the State of Israel, if it was obtained by fraud or in the absence of due process, if it is at variance with another valid judgment that was given in the same matter between the same parties, or if a suit in the same matter between the same parties was pending before a court or tribunal in Israel at the time the foreign action was brought.
General Risk Factors
We operate in a competitive industry.
Our industry is characterized by rapid and innovative technological change. If we are unable to improve existing systems and products and develop new systems and technologies in order to meet evolving customer demands, our business could be adversely affected. In addition, our competitors could introduce new products with innovative capabilities, which could adversely affect our business. We compete with many large and mid-tier defense companies on the basis of system performance, cost, overall value, delivery and reputation. Many of these competitors are larger and have greater resources than us, and therefore may be better positioned to take advantage of economies of scale and develop new technologies.
23
Our business depends on proprietary technology that may be infringed.
Many of our systems and products depend on our proprietary technology for their success. Like other technology-oriented companies, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, copyrights and trademarks, together with non-disclosure agreements, confidentiality provisions in sales, procurement, employment and other agreements and technical measures to establish and protect proprietary rights in our products. While we are in the process of seeking patents for our technology, there is no guarantee that such patents will be granted. Our ability to successfully protect our technology may be limited because:
| ● | intellectual property laws in certain jurisdictions may be relatively ineffective; |
| ● | detecting infringements and enforcing proprietary rights may divert management’s attention and company resources; |
| ● | contractual measures such as non-disclosure agreements and confidentiality provisions may afford only limited protection; |
| ● | any patents we may receive will expire, thus providing competitors access to the applicable technology; |
| ● | competitors may independently develop products that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products or circumvent our intellectual property rights; and |
| ● | competitors may register patents in technologies relevant to our business areas. |
In addition, various parties may assert infringement claims against us. The cost of defending against infringement claims could be significant, regardless of whether the claims are valid. If we are not successful in defending such claims, we may be prevented from the use or sale of certain of our products, or liable for damages and required to obtain licenses, which may not be available on reasonable terms, any of which may have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operation or financial condition.
Undetected defects or malfunctions in our products could impair our financial results, harm our reputation and expose us to significant product liability claims that may not be adequately covered by insurance.
Our products and systems are complex and may contain undetected defects in design, production or testing. If such defects or malfunctions were to occur, we could incur substantial repair, replacement or service costs, suffer reputational harm and experience delays or disruptions in our operations. In addition, defects or malfunctions in our products could result in serious injury, loss of life or other adverse effects, which could expose us to significant product liability claims. We may not be able to obtain or maintain product liability or other insurance at reasonable cost or on acceptable terms, or such insurance may not fully cover all potential liabilities. Even where insurance coverage is available, it may be subject to coverage limits, exclusions or deductibles that could leave us exposed to substantial uninsured losses. Any significant product liability claims, increased insurance costs or uninsured liabilities could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.
Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to retain and motivate existing employees. Due to our reliance upon skilled laborers, the failure to attract, integrate, motivate, and retain current and/or additional key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We do not maintain key person life insurance for any of our employees.
Our management team may not be able to successfully implement our business strategies.
If our management team is unable to execute on its business strategies, then our development, including the establishment of revenues and our sales and marketing activities would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, we may encounter difficulties in effectively managing the budgeting, forecasting and other process control issues presented by any future growth. We may seek to augment or replace members of our management team, or we may lose key members of our management team, and we may not be able to attract new management talent with sufficient skill and experience.
24
Significant disruptions of our information technology systems or breaches of our data security could adversely affect our business.
A significant invasion, interruption, destruction or breakdown of our information technology systems and/or infrastructure by persons with authorized or unauthorized access could negatively impact our business and operations. We could also experience business interruption, information theft and/or reputational damage from cyber-attacks, which may compromise our systems and lead to data leakage either internally or at our third-party providers. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyberattacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If such an event were to interrupt our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our product development programs. Our systems have been, and are expected to continue to be, the target of malware and other cyber-attacks. Although we have invested in measures to reduce these risks, we cannot assure that these measures will be successful in preventing compromise and/or disruption of our information technology systems and related data.
A decline in the price of our common stock could affect our ability to raise working capital and adversely impact our ability to continue operations.
A prolonged decline in the price of our common stock could result in a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in our ability to raise capital. A decline in the price of our common stock could be especially detrimental to our liquidity and our operations. Such reductions may force us to reallocate funds from other planned uses and may have a significant negative effect on our business plan and operations, including our ability to develop new services and continue our current operations. If our common stock price declines, we can offer no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or generate funds from operations sufficient to meet our obligations. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital in the future, we may not be able to have the resources to continue our normal operations.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract management.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). These requirements are extensive. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting.
We may incur significant costs associated with our public company reporting requirements and costs associated with applicable corporate governance requirements. We expect all of these applicable rules and regulations to significantly increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time consuming and costly. This may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also expect that these applicable rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
Future changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and affect reported results of operations.
A change in accounting standards or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. New accounting pronouncements and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules or the questioning of current practices may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct business.
25
USE OF PROCEEDS
Assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option or of the warrants issued in this offering, including the Representative’s Warrants, and the: (i) uplist to Nasdaq of our common stock; and (ii) Units sold in the offering at an assumed public offering price per share of $12.34, we estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $6,850,000 after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholders. Assuming the same, if the Representative’s over-allotment option is exercised in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $7,954,000. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, and any proceeds from the exercise of warrants included in the Units and the Representative’s Warrants, for research and development, sales force expansion, marketing, business development and potential acquisitions and for general working capital.
| With Over-Allotment | Without Over-Allotment | |||||||
| Uses: | ||||||||
| Research and Development | $ | 1,113,560 | $ | 1,027,500 | ||||
| Sales Force Expansion, Marketing, Business Development and Potential Acquisitions | $ | 5,726,880 | $ | 4,795,000 | ||||
| Working Capital | $ | 1,113,560 | $ | 1,027,500 | ||||
| Total Uses | $ | 7,954,000 | $ | 6,850,000 | ||||
This is an estimated use of proceeds; the actual allocation of proceeds realized from this offering will depend upon our operating revenues and cash position and our working capital requirements and may change.
Therefore, as of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the completion of this offering. Accordingly, we will have discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the proceeds of this offering.
Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments and U.S. government securities. We anticipate that the proceeds from this offering will enable us to become cash flow from operations positive.
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $12.34 would change our net proceeds by $0.65 million, assuming the number of Units offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and assuming no exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option. We may also increase or decrease the number of Units we are offering. An increase (decrease) of 100,000 in the number of units we are offering would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $1.23 million, assuming the assumed public offering price stays the same.
Management believes that the proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to satisfy the Company’s cash needs for the next twelve months.
26
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2025:
| ● | on an actual basis; and |
| ● | on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the Units in this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and the receipt by us of the proceeds of such sale. |
You should consider this table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds” above as well as our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
| As of December 31, 2025 | ||||||||
| Actual (1) | As Adjusted (2) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 750,000 | $ | 7,600,000 | ||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 756,000 | 673,000 | ||||||
| Total Long-Term Liabilities | 393,000 | 393,000 | ||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock of US$ 0.0001 par value each: 350,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; issued and outstanding 2,168,813 shares as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. | * | * | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 12,505,000 | 19,355,000 | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (2,000 | ) | (2,000 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | (12,403,000 | ) | (12,320,000 | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 100,000 | $ | 7,033,000 | ||||
| * | less than $1,000 |
| (1) | On an actual basis as of December 31, 2025. |
| (2) | On an as adjusted basis to give effect to our receipt of estimated net proceeds from the sale of the Units that we are offering at a assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option and no exercise of any of the warrants included in the Units or Representative’s Warrants issued pursuant to this offering. |
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $12.34 would change our net proceeds by $0.65 million, assuming the number of Units offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and assuming no exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option. We may also increase or decrease the number of Units we are offering. An increase (decrease) of 100,000 in the number of units we are offering would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $1.23 million, assuming the assumed public offering price stays the same.
The above discussion and table are based on 2,168,813 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The discussion and table do not include, as of that date:
| ● | 731,394 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $16.25 per share; | |
| ● | 319,876 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $0.78 per share; | |
| ● | 160,124 shares of our common stock that are reserved for equity awards that may be granted under our existing equity incentive plans; | |
| ● | shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants to be issued in this offering; and | |
| ● | shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Representative’s Warrants to be issued in this offering. |
27
DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE
The offering price of the Units has been negotiated between us and the Representative. Among the factors considered in determining the assumed public offering price of the Units, including the exercise price of the warrants were:
| ● | our history and our prospects; | |
| ● | the industry in which we operate; | |
| ● | our past and present operating results; | |
| ● | the anticipated market price of our common stock following this offering, the expected volatility of our common stock, the terms of the warrants (including their duration and exercise mechanics), and the likelihood that the warrants would be exercised; | |
| ● | the previous experience of our executive officers; and | |
| ● | the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering. |
The offering price stated on the cover page of this prospectus should not be considered an indication of the actual value of the Units sold in this offering, the exercise price of the warrants, or the shares of common stock or warrants included in such Units. The values of such securities are subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors.
28
MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB under the trading symbol “DUKR.” Quotations on the OTCQB reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down commission, and may not represent actual transactions. On April 24, 2026, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $12.34 per share.
Holders
As of April 24, 2026, we had approximately 159 shareholders of record of our common stock.
Dividend Policy
We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon a number of factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
On May 27, 2021, our board of directors approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), pursuant to which we may issue awards, from time to time, consisting of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock grants and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). In addition, stock option awards that qualify under Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance (New Version) 1961 (the “ITO”), and/or under Section 3(i) of the ITO, may be granted. A summary of the 2021 Plan is found below.
Under the 2021 Plan, options, restricted share and RSUs may be granted to our officers, directors, employees and consultants or the officers, directors, employees and consultants of our subsidiary. On March 18, 2025, our board of directors approved an increase in the amount of shares of common stock available under the 2021 Plan from 192,000 to 360,000. On March 10, 2026, our board of directors approved an increase in the number of shares available under the plan from 360,000 to 480,000 shares, and also approved to adjust the number of shares under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and the numbers of options and per-option exercise price of the options that were already granted according to the Reverse Stock Split ratio of 25:1. To the extent that an award lapses or is forfeited, the shares subject to such Award will again become available for grant under the terms of the 2021 Plan.
We do not have any formal policy that requires the Company to grant, or avoid granting, equity-based compensation at certain times. We do not grant equity awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, and do not time the public release of such information based on award grant dates. The timing of any equity grants to executive officers or directors in connection with new hires, promotions, or other non-routine grants is tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officer’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date).
On March 10, 2026, our board of directors approved the following grants: (i) options to purchase 16,000 shares of our common stock to each of Yossef Balucka, our Chief Executive Officer, and Erez Nachtomy, our Vice Chairman; (ii) options to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock to Shlomi Zakai, our Chief Financial Officer; and (iii) options to purchase 4,000 shares of our common stock to each of Vadim Maor, our Chief Technology Officer, Eran Antebi, a member of our board of directors, and Keren Gousman, a member of our board of directors. Each of the aformentioned options have an exercise price of $7.88 per share, a term of six (6) years from issuance and vest over a three (3) year period, with one third vesting on each of the first three anniversaries of the dates of grant.
The following table summarizes certain information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2025:
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plan not approved by security holders | 179,876 | 20.33 | 180,124 | |||||||||
No Loans for Option Exercises. It is our policy to not make loans to employees or officers for the purpose of paying for the exercise of stock options.
29
DILUTION
If you invest in our Units in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the assumed public offering price per share of common stock that is part of the Unit and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after this offering.
Our net tangible book value is the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities. Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2025 was $100,000, or approximately $0.046 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.
As adjusted net tangible book value is our net tangible book value after taking into account the effect of the sale of Units in this offering at the assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. Our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2025 would have been approximately $7,033,000, or $2.42 per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of approximately $2.37 per share to our existing stockholders, and an immediate dilution of $9.92 per share to new investors participating in this offering. Dilution per share to new investors is determined by subtracting as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from the public offering price per Unit paid by new investors.
The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
| Assumed public offering price per share (attributing no value to the warrants) | $ | 12.34 | ||
| Net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2025 | $ | 0.046 | ||
| Increase in as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering | $ | 2.37 | ||
| As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering | $ | 2.42 | ||
| Dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors | $ | 9.92 |
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $12.34 would change our net proceeds by $0.65 million, assuming the number of Units offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and assuming no exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option. We may also increase or decrease the number of Units we are offering. An increase (decrease) of 100,000 in the number of units we are offering would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $1.23 million, assuming the assumed public offering price stays the same.
The following table summarizes as of December 31, 2025, on an as-adjusted basis and giving effect to the sale of all Units offered to the investors in this offering, as described above, the number of shares of common stock, the total consideration and the average price per share (1) paid to us by our existing stockholders and (2) to be paid by investors purchasing Units in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:
| Shares Purchased | Total Consideration | Average Price | ||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | Per Share | ||||||||||||||||
| Existing stockholders | 2,260,383 | 77.7 | % | $ | 6,357,000 | 44.3 | % | $ | 2.81 | |||||||||||
| New investors | 648,298 | 22.3 | % | 8,000,000 | 55.7 | % | 12.34 | |||||||||||||
| Total | 2,908,681 | 100.0 | % | $ | 14,357,000 | 100.0 | % | $ | 4.94 | |||||||||||
The information above assumes that the Representative does not exercise its over-allotment option. If the Representative exercises its over-allotment option in full, the as adjusted net tangible book value will increase to $2.71 per share, representing an immediate increase to existing stockholders of $2.66 per share and an immediate dilution of $9.63 per share to new investors.
The foregoing discussion and table do not take into account further dilution to new investors that could occur upon the exercise or conversion of outstanding warrants, and options, having a per share exercise or conversion price less than the per share offering price to the public in this offering.
We may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.
The above discussion and table are based on 2,168,813 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The discussion and table do not include, as of that date:
| ● | 731,394 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants, at a weighted average exercise price of $16.25 per share; | |
| ● | 319,876 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $0.78 per share; | |
| ● | 160,124 shares of our common stock that are reserved for equity awards that may be granted under our existing equity incentive plan; | |
| ● | shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants to be issued in this offering; and | |
| ● | shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Representative’s Warrants to be issued in this offering. |
30
OUR BUSINESS
Corporate Overview
We are a robotics company developing advanced robotic and drone-based systems. Our technologies include an advanced robotic stabilization system that enables remote, real-time, pinpoint-accurate firing of small arms and light weapons, as well as civilian drone-based solutions focused on infrastructure maintenance, which is a drone technology for conducting routine maintenance of critical infrastructure for electric utility insulator cleaning.
Although our stabilization technology was initially designed for use on UAS, our robotic solutions are adaptable to other military platforms and civilian applications.
Corporate History and Structure
We were founded in 2014 as UAS LLP. Prior to 2020, we operated as a developer and manufacturer of commercial unmanned aerial systems, with a focus on providing quadrotor aerial platforms for law enforcement and first responder markets.
Duke Inc. was formed in April 2016 and has a wholly owned Israeli subsidiary, Duke Israel, incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel. Duke Israel’s principal offices are located at 10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel 2069203, and our telephone number is +972-054-5707050. Our website address is https://dukeroboticsys.com.
On March 9, 2020, we completed a share exchange transaction pursuant to which Duke Inc. became our majority-owned subsidiary. As a result of the Share Exchange, we adopted Duke Inc.’s business plan. On April 29, 2020, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Duke Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary, UAS Acquisition Corp. On June 25, 2020, Duke Inc. filed a Certificate of Merger with the State of Delaware, and the merger was consummated, resulting in Duke Inc. becoming our wholly owned subsidiary.
On February 18, 2025, we established Duke Robotics Hellas M I.K.E, a wholly owned subsidiary formed under the laws of Greece. On January 13, 2026, Duke Greece received operational authorization from the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority following completion of the SORA process under EU Regulation 2019/947. This authorization enables IC Drone operations in Greece and aligns the system with European Union regulatory standards.
Effective October 22, 2020, our common stock began trading on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “USDR.”
On October 28, 2024, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to change our corporate name from UAS Drone Corp. to DUKE Robotics Corp., effective November 4, 2024. In connection with the name change, our OTCQB trading symbol was changed from “USDR” to “DUKR,” effective November 4, 2024.
On March 4, 2026, we filed a Certificate of Change to effect the Reverse Stock Split, effective as of March 6, 2026. The Company will trade under a new CUSIP Number, 903448207. The Company’s common stock began trading on the OTCQB on a post-split basis at the market open on March 6, 2026. Following the Reverse Stock Split, the Company’s ticker symbol on the OTCQB is traded under the symbol DUKRD for 20 trading days, in accordance with OTC Marketplace rules.
Business Strategy and Technology Focus
Following the Share Exchange, we transitioned our strategic focus to advanced robotic stabilization systems for military and defense applications, while expanding into civilian infrastructure maintenance solutions.
Our business activities are focused on stabilized robotic systems for defense and homeland security applications and civilian drone-based solutions for infrastructure inspection and maintenance. Our commercialization efforts in the civilian market are primarily focused in Europe, with secondary efforts in other global markets, including the United States.
31
Defense and Stabilized Weapons Systems
Elbit Collaboration
On January 29, 2021, Duke Israel entered into a Collaboration Agreement with Elbit Systems Land Ltd. for the global marketing and sales, and the production and further development, of Duke’s stabilized weapons drone system mounted on a UAS, marketed under the commercial name “TIKAD.” Under the Collaboration Agreement, Elbit markets and deploys the stabilized weapons drone system under the brand name “Bird of Prey.” We are entitled to royalties from sales of this system in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
On April 2, 2025, we and Elbit executed a Supplement Letter expanding the collaboration to allow us to market the stabilized weapons drone system to military, defense, homeland security, and para-military customers, in coordination with Elbit. We are entitled to receive a commission, in the mid-single digit percentage range, from proceeds resulting from our marketing activities, in addition to royalties under the Collaboration Agreement. On July 9, 2025, we announced that we had begun to generate royalty revenues from sales of the Bird of Prey system, and during the second quarter of 2025 we recognized our initial royalty revenues under the Collaboration Agreement.
On August 28, 2025, we announced that the “Bird of Prey” stabilized weapons drone system was prominently featured in a comprehensive television report by Israel’s Channel 14 News examining the IDF’s advanced weaponized drone warfare capabilities. The television report provided rare insight into the IDF’s ‘secretive drone units’ and their revolutionary combat methodologies that have transformed modern battlefield operations, including in operational use throughout the “Iron Swords” war. The “Bird of Prey” system, which is developed and marketed as part of our strategic collaboration with Elbit was specifically highlighted in the broadcast as part of the coverage showcasing advanced weaponized drone technologies currently deployed by the IDF.
The report documented how these cutting-edge drone systems operate with “surgical precision” from the air, silently identifying, targeting, and neutralizing threats while keeping soldiers out of harm’s way.
Civilian Infrastructure Solutions
Insulator Cleaning Drone (IC Drone)
On August 15, 2022, Duke Israel introduced the IC Drone, a drone-based system designed for routine maintenance of critical infrastructure, including cleaning high-voltage electric utility cable insulators. In August 2022, Duke Israel entered into an agreement with the IEC to provide drone-enabled insulator cleaning systems. In October 2023, we completed our obligations under this agreement.
In August 2024, we entered into a new commercial agreement with the IEC for insulator cleaning services using the IC Drone. On November 11, 2024, following our commercial agreement with IEC from August 2024, we announced the commercial launch of the IC Drone and the transition of the technology into active service.
On November 25, 2024, we announced initial revenue generation under the August 2024 IEC agreement. The IEC committed to a minimum utilization level with a guaranteed payment in the low seven figures (in NIS) during the first year of the agreement. The IEC satisfied this minimum utilization commitment, and on May 27, 2025, extended the agreement for an additional year.
On March 17, 2026, we announced that we received a new purchase order from the IEC for IC Drone services, expected to generate over a million U.S. Dollars in revenue in 2026.
The IC Drone provides: (i) enhanced safety and precision for high-voltage insulator cleaning; (ii) reduced water usage supporting environmental sustainability; and (iii) lower operational costs compared to traditional maintenance methods.
32
On June 10, 2025, we announced the launch of our next-generation Insulator Cleaning Drone System, featuring:
| ● | Extended flight and operational time; |
| ● | Increased maximum takeoff weight; |
| ● | Enhanced stability and position holding; |
| ● | Advanced radar capabilities; and |
| ● | Improved cleaning durability. |
The ICDS2 was deployed at the start of the 2025 insulator cleaning season, marking a full-season operational timeline.
AEROTRACE™
In February 2026, we introduced AEROTRACE™, an aerial monitoring and intelligence solution designed to support infrastructure operators in assessing asset conditions and enhancing situational awareness. AEROTRACE™ integrates aerial data capture with software-driven analytics, including AI-assisted image analysis, and may be deployed as a standalone solution or in conjunction with our IC Drone services.
Intellectual Property
On June 15, 2021, Duke Israel received a notice of allowance from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for a patent titled “Stabilization System,” relating to the Company’s robotic stabilization technology.
Capital Structure and Financings
Equity Incentive Plan
On May 27, 2021, our board of directors approved the 2021 Plan. On March 18, 2025, our board approved an increase in the number of shares available under the 2021 Plan from 192,000 to 360,000 shares. On March 10, 2026, our board of directors approved an increase in the number of shares available under the 2021 Plan from 360,000 to 480,000 shares, and also approved to adjust the number of shares under the 2021 Plan and the numbers of options and per-option exercise price of the options that were already granted pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split ratio of 25:1.
Private Placements
On May 11, 2021, we entered into securities purchase agreements with eight non-U.S. investors (the “Investors”) in a private placement offering in which we agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of: (i) 500,000 shares of common stock at a price of $10 per share; and (ii) warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock. The warrants were exercisable immediately and for a term of 18 months and had an exercise price of $10 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $5,000,000 and the offering closed on May 11, 2021. On April 5, 2022, we entered into an agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the warrants, to expire on November 11, 2023. On November 1, 2023, we and the Investors executed a second extension agreement, such that the term of the warrants was to expire on November 11, 2024.
On June 20, 2024, we entered into a Warrant Amendment Agreement (the “Warrant Amendment Agreement”) with the Investors to amend the terms of the warrants issued in connection with the May 11, 2021 securities purchase agreements. Under the Warrant Amendment Agreement, we and the Investors agreed to: (i) extend the warrant exercise term to May 11, 2026; (ii) amend the warrant exercise price, increasing it from $10 per share to $16.25 per share; and (iii) include a beneficial ownership blocker that limits the exercise of such warrants if the exercise would result in the holder beneficially owning more than 19.99% of our common stock immediately following the exercise. On March 10, 2026, we entered into an additional Warrant Amendment Agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the warrants, to expire on May 1, 2031.
On December 30, 2025, we entered into securities purchase agreements with seven (7) non-U.S. investors, pursuant to which we, in a private placement offering, agreed to issue and sell to the investors an aggregate of: (i) 83,338 shares of our common stock at a price of $9 per share (the “Purchase Price”); and (ii) warrants to purchase 83,338 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $16.25 per share, are exercisable immediately and expire on November 30, 2026, subject to extension to May 30, 2028 if a public offering or other qualifying financing of at least $2,500,000 has not occurred prior to such date. In addition, the securities purchase agreement contains a make whole provision that provides for the investors to receive additional shares of common stock in the event that we consummate a firm-commitment underwritten public offering on a major stock exchange by November 30, 2026 at a price per share (after giving effect to a 20% discount) that is less than the Purchase Price. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $750,000 and the offering closed on January 6, 2026. Proceeds from the offering were used for general corporate purposes and working capital, including supporting our operational and commercialization initiatives. On March 10, 2026, we entered into an additional Warrant Amendment Agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the warrants, to expire on May 1, 2031.
33
Authorized Capital Increase
On October 15, 2025, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to increase our authorized common stock from 100,000,000 to 350,000,000 shares and to authorize up to 10,000,000 shares of blank-check preferred stock.
Market Opportunity
Civilian sector
Insulator Cleaning Drone
Insulators are key components of every high voltage electrical infrastructure around the world while routine cleaning and maintenance of insulators is crucial in order to optimize system efficiency, prevent power outages, reducing risks of flashovers and corrosion. Cleaning of high voltage infrastructure leads to better system performance and efficiency, improves safety by reducing the risk of electricity failure and accidents especially in urban areas, and extends the life of the insulators.
Currently, the global standard for routine cleaning of insulators involves the use of helicopter fleets and crane trucks. The cleaning routine requires getting near to active high voltage lines and using high-pressure washers carried by helicopters or crane trucks. Such process is considered extremely dangerous and bears significant risks of electricity shock or an impact of the helicopter blades with the electricity grid resulting in damages to the grid line and possible harm to human life.
IC Drone offers a revolutionary, safer and cost-efficient method for maintenance of high voltage electrical infrastructure. The worldwide electricity transmission market is huge and estimated in millions of insulators. The current cost per insulator cleaning is high and electricity operators around the world fail to meet cleaning plans.
Defense and Military Market
The United States and other countries around the world have significantly increased their use of UASs for intelligence gathering, surveillance and tactical applications, such as delivery of heavy ordnance bombs and missiles. The use of UASs to fire small arms and light weapons from the air are becoming a viable option as demonstrated by recent conflicts in the Ukraine and the near Middle East. Our technology thus addresses a crucial need of modern warfare to bring a wide range of weapons other than bombs and missiles to bear on remote hostile targets without risk to the military personnel deploying the weapons, while at the same time minimizing collateral damage. In addition, the rapid evolution of small, unmanned air systems (“sUAS”) technologies, along with their size and low cost, enables novel concepts of employment that present challenges to current defense systems, creating new asymmetric threats for warfighters. Our system also addresses the crucial need for counter sUAS solutions and offers a kinetic interception, or “drone kill drone,” capability for defeating enemy sUAS.
Our system was designed with input from veterans of Israel’s elite special mission units. It is operated intuitively via a touch-based tablet, which serves as its control unit. Minimal prior training is required in order to operate the robot. In June 2016, our robot mounted on our UAS Octocopter platform was awarded the top prize at the Combating Terrorism Technology Conference sponsored by the United States Defense Department’s Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office, Israel’s Ministry of Defense Directorate of Defense Research and Development and the MIT Enterprise Forum of Israel.
Products
IC Drone
Our IC Drone is a first-of-its-kind robotic, drone-enabled system for cleaning electric utility insulators. The IC Drone’s unique system, based on Duke’s advanced intellectual property and know-how, integrates algorithms, autonomous systems, and robotic technologies used in mission-critical applications. The IC Drone complies with the various applicable international standards (IEEE 516, IEEE 957, AS 5804, and IS-BAO) relating to work on electric utility infrastructure and International Standard for Business Aircraft Operations.
Our IC Drone offers a revolutionary, safer and cost-efficient, method for maintenance of high voltage electrical infrastructure, which require routine cleaning of insulators in order to optimize system efficiency and prevent power outages. Currently, the global standard for routine cleaning of insulators involves the use of helicopter fleets and crane trucks.
34
Our aim is to expand our IC Drone service offerings to additional utility providers worldwide while continuing to develop new solutions to address evolving industry needs. Accordingly, we are also developing AI-driven monitoring and analytics solutions designed to support continuous inspection, anomaly detection and predictive maintenance for power grids and other critical utility infrastructure. These solutions are being advanced both internally and, in certain cases, through collaborations with third-party technology partners.
On June 10, 2025, we announced the launch of our next-generation Insulator Cleaning Drone System, representing a significant technological advancement in our innovative utility maintenance drone solution. The ICDS2 builds upon our proven IC Drone technology with substantial performance improvements designed to enhance operational capabilities for utility providers worldwide. The ICDS2 is agnostic to the drone platform and can be adjusted and adapted to fit and be mounted on other type of drone platforms that meet our specifications and certification.
The ICDS2 features several key technological advancements over its predecessor:
| ● | Extended Flight and Operational Time: Offering longer flight duration, enabling more efficient servicing of multiple high-voltage insulators in every flight mission. |
| ● | Increased Maximum Takeoff Weight: A considerably higher payload capacity allows the system to carry more cleaning agent, allowing longer refill intervals and enhancing operational efficiency. |
| ● | Enhanced Stability and Position Holding: Advanced stabilization algorithms and improved communication systems deliver superior precision during cleaning operations, enabling operational capabilities even in more challenging weather conditions. |
| ● | Advanced Radar System: Next-generation sensors provide improved detection capabilities, enhancing safety and allowing for operations in more complex environments. |
| ● | Superior Cleaning Durability: Reinforced cleaning mechanisms and optimized water delivery systems increase cleaning effectiveness while reducing maintenance requirements. |
AEROTRACE™ aerial monitoring and intelligence solution
In February 2026, we announced the introduction of AEROTRACE™, an aerial monitoring and intelligence solution, integrating a combination of capabilities and developments in the fields of hardware, sensors, software and artificial intelligence (“AI”), including through collaboration with other parties, designed to support infrastructure operators in assessing asset conditions and enhancing situational awareness. AEROTRACE™ integrates aerial data capture with software-driven analytics, including AI-assisted image analysis, to help identify areas of interest and potential anomalies across large-scale and distributed infrastructure assets, and generate a targeted report for proactive and predictive maintenance. AEROTRACE™ is designed to be deployed as a standalone monitoring solution and may also complement our existing robotic IC Drone services by informing maintenance planning and prioritization. The introduction of AEROTRACE™ reflects our ongoing efforts to expand its technology portfolio beyond robotic hardware to include data- and intelligence-driven solutions.
UAS Octocopter Integrated with Stabilized Robotic Gimbal Remote Weapon Systems
Our advanced 6 Degrees of Freedom (“DOF”) robotic system enables remote, real-time, pinpoint accurate firing of small arms and light weapons that can achieve pinpoint accuracy regardless of the movement of the weapons platform or the target. It is intended primarily for Military and homeland security purposes and our lightweight robot allows accurate firing from various configurations consisting of UAS-mounted, land-mounted on light all-terrain vehicles and sea-mounted on boats.
Through Duke Israel we entered into a Collaboration Agreement with Elbit for the global marketing and sales, and the production and further development by Elbit of our developed advanced robotic system mounted on a UAS, armed with lightweight firearms, which we then marketed under the commercial name “TIKAD”.
Elbit is marketing the drone-mounted remote weapon systems, including a system in the name of “Bird of Prey”.
35
Assembly and Testing
Our manufacturing facility of the ICDS that is mounted on the drone, is located in Israel. The manufacturing process of our ICDS largely consists of the assembly, integration and testing of purchased components.
We purchase custom-made machined parts and other components required for production of the ICDS from third-party manufacturers. We source parts and materials from approximately twenty suppliers located primarily in the United States, Europe, Israel and China. Although certain components are manufactured to our specifications, we believe they are common in nature and can be obtained from alternative suppliers if needed. We are not dependent on any single supplier. However, if a supplier discontinues delivery, identifying a replacement source may result in additional cost and manufacturing delays.
The manufacturing process for our ICDS primarily consists of the assembly, integration, and testing of purchased components. As part of the testing process, components are evaluated and approved against the expected points of failure during extended and high-intensity operations, including tests of load-carrying capacity, software performance, and compliance with electrical utility safety and live-line standards. Following laboratory testing, the ICDS and the UAS platforms undergo a multi-stage field-testing process designed to validate the performance of each system function. The ICDS is then mounted and integrated onto third-party commercially available drones, followed by airborne testing phases.
Our ICDS is designed to be drone-platform agnostic and can be adapted to different drone platforms that meet our defined specifications and regulatory certifications. We currently utilize a commercially available drone (including its batteries and chargers) manufactured by a well-known international drone manufacturer, which has been deployed by us in thousands of flight hours.
We have built an in-house laboratory to support assembly, system integration, testing and ongoing commercialization activities. We believe the current size and capacity of this laboratory will be sufficient to support our near-term production and commercialization needs.
Pursuant to our Collaboration Agreement with Elbit, manufacturing of the defense-market variant of our technology—branded as the “Bird of Prey”—is conducted by Elbit. Research and development related to the defense variant is likewise carried out by Elbit, while we retain the contractual right to make mutual and unlimited use for civilian applications of any new knowledge developed by Elbit under the collaboration.
Our research and development capabilities support both ongoing improvements to the ICDS and the development of new applications for utility and infrastructure customers. In collaboration with the IEC, we continue to develop complementary capabilities such as hydrophobic coating applications for insulators. In parallel, we are developing AI-based monitoring solutions for power grids and other critical utility infrastructure, including through collaborations with third parties. These capabilities are expected to integrate with and enhance the performance, safety, and value proposition of our robotic aerial service systems.
Market Strategy
Civilian Market
We are currently focused on expanding the commercialization of the IC Drone, a first-of-its-kind robotic, drone-enabled system for cleaning electric utility insulators, in the civilian market. The unique system, based on our advanced intellectual property and know-how, integrates algorithms, autonomous systems, and robotic technologies used in mission-critical applications.
On August 15, 2022, we signed an agreement with the IEC to provide drone-enabled systems for cleaning electric utility cable insulators. During October 2023, we successfully completed our obligations under our agreement with the IEC by proving the efficiency and safety that comes by using our IC Drone. Following that successful pilot, in August 2024, we, through Duke Israel, entered into another agreement with the IEC to provide high-voltage insulator washing services using the IC Drone system and on May 27, 2025, IEC extended the agreement for an additional year. On March 17, 2026, we received a new purchase order from the IEC for IC Drone services, expected to generate over one million U.S. Dollars in revenue in 2026.
36
On February 18, 2025, we announced that we established Duke Greece, which is focused on expanding our innovative IC Drone technology in Greece. Our IC Drone technology provides utility companies with a safer, more efficient, and environmentally sustainable solution for maintaining high-voltage electric infrastructure as well as potential other applications of our technologies and capabilities. The IC Drone’s proven success with the IEC demonstrates its significant market potential for broader deployment across additional regions and sectors. On January 13, 2026, we announced that Duke Greece, received operational authorization for its IC Drone system from the HCAA, Greece’s civil aviation regulator. The authorization to operate the IC Drone in Greece was granted following Duke Greece’s successful completion of the SORA process, a comprehensive, risk-based methodology developed by the EASA to ensure that complex drone operations are conducted safely and in compliance with EU Regulation 2019/947. The authorization permits Duke Greece to conduct drone flights as part of its IC Drone product. With the receipt of this authorization, Duke Greece has completed the regulatory process required to enable IC Drone operations in the Greek market. The SORA framework is an accepted means of compliance under EASA regulations governing drone operations across all European Union member states. While authorizations remain subject to review by individual national aviation authorities, the completion of the SORA process under the EU-harmonized framework aligns the IC Drone system with the regulatory standards applicable across the EU.
We are currently in the initial phases of our global expansion strategy and remain focused on leveraging our proprietary technologies to unlock new growth opportunities for the IC Drone and AEROTRACE™ in the civilian sector. We aim to expand our IC Drone service and AEROTRACE™ offerings to additional utility providers worldwide with the goal of generating recurring revenues streams, while continuing to develop new solutions to address evolving industry needs.
Defense and Military Market
We expect that our growth in the defense and military market, through our Collaboration Agreement with Elbit, will initially derive from sales of robotic technology mounted on UAS Octocopter platform, and later from sales of our robot mounted on other platforms, such as light all-terrain vehicles and boats.
| ● | Focus on sales in the United States. We believe that the United States military will be a lead and reference customer. The United States alone presents a significant and diverse market opportunity - special operation forces units, various counter-terrorism (federal, state and city) units, regular local police forces (the use of less-lethal weapons), U.S. Army, National Guard, U.S. Navy, Coast Guard and the Border Police. |
| ● | Sales to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Countries. We believe adoption of such products in the United States will open the markets in countries that are U.S. allies such as the NATO countries. |
Intellectual Property
Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property, and to operate without infringing or violating the proprietary rights of others. We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, know-how, and other contractual rights (including confidentiality and invention assignment agreements) to protect our intellectual property rights. We also restrict access to our sensitive intellectual property information to our most senior management.
To protect certain key technologies, we have currently only submitted a U.S. patent Application for stabilization system patents. On June 15, 2021, we announced that our wholly owned Israeli subsidiary, Duke Airborne Systems Ltd., received a notice of allowance from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for a patent titled “Stabilization System” regarding its stabilization technology incorporated in its advanced robotic system. We do not know whether any of our current or future patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. We currently do not have pending patent applications or approved patents in any other country.
Certain of our product and solution names, including AEROTRACE™, are used by us in connection with our business and offerings. AEROTRACE™ is a product name used by us and we are in the process of preparing an application to register the name as a trademark. Until such registration is completed, we rely on common law rights and other applicable protections with respect to such product names.
Sales and Marketing
Civilian Sector
Marketing and sales efforts are currently concentrated on the IC Drone as well as other potential applications of the Company’s technologies and capabilities, using company service providers, agent and related electric infrastructure companies. The current marketing efforts increased significantly following the official launch of the latest version of the IC Drone in June 2025 and the establishment of our wholly owned subsidiary Duke Greece in February 2025.
37
Defense and Military Market
On January 29, 2021, we, through Duke Israel, and Elbit entered in the Collaboration Agreement. Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, Duke Israel has granted Elbit a worldwide exclusive license for the use of Duke Israel’s know-how and intellectual property and the marketing, sales, production, and further development of the system we marketed under the name TIKAD (“System”) for military, defense, homeland security, and para-military uses. As consideration for granting the worldwide exclusive license, Elbit will pay Duke Israel royalties from revenues received from worldwide sales of the System, with royalty rates ranging from low to mid-double-figure percentages, depending on the tiers of the selling price of System, for a period starting from the date of the Collaboration Agreement until 15 years following receipt of $50 million in cumulative revenues from sales of System units. In addition, Duke Israel agreed to pay Elbit similar rates of royalties for revenues received by Duke from sales of its advanced robotic system for civil use, if such systems will include new know-how developed by Elbit.
The Collaboration Agreement also contemplates a joint steering committee comprised of representatives of each party to facilitate coordination of the collaboration, including review of development activities, commercialization efforts, strategic planning, and other initiatives relating to the System. The steering committee serves as a coordination and discussion forum and does not replace the independent decision-making authority of either party, except as expressly provided in the Collaboration Agreement.
On April 2, 2025, we and Elbit executed a Supplement Letter expanding the collaboration to allow us to market the stabilized weapons drone system to military, defense, homeland security, and para-military customers, in coordination with Elbit. We are entitled to receive a commission, in the mid-single digit percentage range, from proceeds resulting from our marketing activities, in addition to royalties under the Collaboration Agreement.
During the second quarter of 2025, we recognized our first royalty revenues under the Collaboration Agreement in connection with sales of Elbit’s Bird of Prey military drone system, representing the first financial returns generated from our defense technology collaboration.
Marketing and sales efforts related to the System are led by Elbit due to our Collaboration Agreement with Elbit, and we are aware that Elbit is marketing drone-mounted remote weapon systems, including a system in the name of “Bird of Prey”.
Competition
Civilian Sector
To our knowledge there are several drone based systems for cleaning different types of infrastructures including solar panels, wind turbines, buildings, windows, etc., using high pressure water. We believe such systems are not designed to handle the challenges that come with cleaning high voltage power grid insulators due to the high voltage environment that affects the drones.
Competition is based on product and program performance, price, reputation, reliability, life cycle costs, overall value to the customer and responsiveness to customer requirements. This includes the ability to respond to rapid changes in technology. In addition, our competitive position sometimes may be affected by specific requirements in particular geographic and product markets.
We plan to continually adapt to market conditions by adjusting our business strategy to changing market conditions. In addition, we plan to seek to enter into strategic partnership and cooperation agreements that we believe can assist us in overcoming the challenges of competing in our industry.
Our competitors, either alone or through their strategic partners, might have substantially greater name recognition and financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and human resources than we do. These entities may also have significantly greater experience and infrastructure in commercializing civilian or defense products, obtaining regulatory approval for those products and commercializing those products around the world.
Defense and Military Market
While we believe that our products are novel, and that we have unique knowledge of military operational demands and challenges and years of developing complex military airborne systems and advanced robotics, the defense industry is a competitive environment.
Government Regulation
Government Contracting Regulations. We operate under laws, regulations and administrative rules governing defense and other government contracts, mainly in Israel and the United States. Some of these carry major penalty provisions for non-compliance, including disqualification from participating in future contracts. In addition, our participation in governmental procurement processes in Israel, the United States and other countries is subject to specific regulations governing the conduct of the process of procuring defense and homeland security contracts.
Israeli Export Regulations. Israel’s defense export policy regulates the sale of a number of our systems and products. Current Israeli policy encourages exports to approved customers of defense systems and products such as ours, as long as the export is consistent with Israeli government policy. Subject to certain exemptions, a license is required to initiate marketing activities. We also must receive a specific export license for defense related hardware, software and technology exported from Israel. Israeli law also regulates export of “dual use” items (items that are typically sold in the commercial market but that also may be used in the defense market).
38
Approval of Israeli Defense Acquisition. The Israeli Defense Entities Law (Protection of Defense Interests) establishes conditions for the approval of an acquisition or transfer of control of an entity that is determined to be an Israeli “defense entity” under the terms of the law. Designation as a “defense entity” is to occur through an order to be issued jointly by the Israeli Prime Minister, Defense Minister and Economy Minister. Although no such orders relating to us have been issued as of the date hereof, it is possible that our Israeli subsidiary may be designated as a “defense entity” under the law. An order (pursuant to the law) would establish conditions and restrictions regarding non-Israeli control of our Israeli subsidiary. For example, Israeli government approval might be required for acquisition of twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the voting securities or a smaller percentage of shares of common stock that grant “means of control” in the Company, if such were to directly affect the control of our Israeli subsidiary. Means of Control for the purposes of the law includes the right to control the vote at a shareholders’ meeting or to appoint a director.
Approval of U.S. and Other Defense Acquisitions. Many countries in addition to Israel also require governmental approval of acquisitions of local defense companies or assets by foreign entities. Mergers and acquisitions of certain types of defense related businesses in the U.S. are subject to the Foreign Investment and National Security Act (“FINSA”). Under FINSA, foreign acquisitions of certain types of defense related businesses in the U.S. require review, and in some cases approval, by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”). In that regard, if a foreign entity attempts to acquire us or all of our domestic assets, such transactions may be subject to FINSA, and in certain instances CFIUS has the authority to order divestment and cancellation of the transaction.
“Buy American” Laws. The U.S. “Buy American” laws impose price differentials or prohibitions on procurement of products purchased under U.S. government programs. The price differentials or prohibitions apply to products that are not made in the United States or that do not contain U.S. components making up at least fifty percent (50%) of the total cost of all components in the product. However, a Memorandum of Agreement between the United States and Israeli governments waives the “Buy American” laws for specified products, including most of the products we may sell in the United States.
“The American Security Drone Act (ASDA)”. The ASDA, part of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), bans U.S. federal agencies from procuring or operating drones manufactured in “covered foreign entities,” primarily targeting China, due to security risks. It prohibits the use of federal funds for such drones and mandates the removal of existing foreign drones from federal inventory, with limited exceptions for, e.g., research or emergency operations.
Procurement Regulations. Solicitations for procurements by governmental purchasing agencies in Israel, the United States and other countries are governed by laws, regulations and procedures relating to procurement integrity, including avoiding conflicts of interest, corruption, human trafficking and conflict minerals in the procurement process. Such regulations also include provisions relating to information assurance and for the avoidance of counterfeit parts in the supply chain.
Anti-Bribery Regulations. We conduct operations in a number of markets that are considered high risk from an anti-bribery compliance perspective. Laws and regulations such as the Israel Penal Code, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and corresponding legislation in other countries, prohibit providing personal benefits or bribes to government officials in connection with the governmental procurement process. Israeli defense exporters, like ourselves, are required to maintain an anti-bribery compliance program, including specific procedures, record keeping and training.
Audit Regulations. The IMOD may audit our books and records relating to its contracts with us. Our books and records and other aspects of projects that will be related to the U.S. defense contracts will be subject to audit by U.S. government audit agencies. Such audits review compliance with government contracting cost accounting and other applicable standards. If discrepancies are found this could result in a downward adjustment of the applicable contract’s price. Some other customers have similar rights under specific contract provisions.
39
Civil Aviation Regulations. Several of our products for commercial aviation applications are subject to flight safety and airworthiness standards of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and similar civil aviation authorities in Israel, Greece, the EU, and other countries. On January 13, 2026, Duke Greece received operational authorization from the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority following completion of the SORA process under EU Regulation 2019/947. This authorization enables IC Drone operations in Greece and aligns the system with European Union regulatory standards.
Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations. We are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we have operations. This includes regulations relating to air, water and ground contamination, hazardous waste disposal and other areas with a potential environmental or safety impact.
Employees
We engage three (3) executive officers: our CEO, CTO and CFO as well as one (1) additional employee that serves as our Vice President Business Development. We engage freelance contractors and consultants in order to limit our operating expenses and therefore allowing us to scale as necessary. We maintain long-term relationships with these freelance contractors and consultants.
Some of our consulting agreements include undertakings with respect to non-competition and assignment to us of intellectual property rights developed in the course of employment and confidentiality. The enforceability of such provisions is limited for some employees by Israeli law.
We are also currently a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company and have a public float of less than $75 million and annual revenues of less than $50 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. As a “smaller reporting company” we are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports.
PROPERTIES
Our principal executive office is currently located at 10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel, which is approximately 240 square meters (approximately 2,600 square feet). In April 2022, Duke Israel entered into a lease agreement for an office space in Mevo Carmel Science and Industry Park, Israel for a term of 3 years, with an option to extend the term of the lease agreement for an additional 2 years. The property became available for the Company’s use on February 1, 2023. The option to extend the lease for additional 2 years, starting February 1, 2026, was exercised. In addition, pursuant to an agreement entered into by Duke, we have the right to use office space and receive other administrative services at a location in the State of Florida, and pursuant to an agreement entered into by Duke Greece, it has the right to use office space and receive other administrative services at a location in Athens, Greece.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On March 23, 2025, a complaint was filed against our wholly owned Israeli subsidiary, Duke Israel, by LOOL T.V. Ltd. (the “Plaintiff”), an Israeli company, in the Tel Aviv-Yafo Magistrate’s Court (Case No. 60460-03-25). The complaint asserts that pursuant to an agreement of principles between Duke Israel and the Plaintiff, Duke Israel is in breach of the agreement, specifically with respect to an allegation that the parties were required to set up a partnership with respect to certain services provided to the IEC. The complaint asserts a claim for breach of contract, unlawful use of intellectual property that is not exclusively owned by Duke Israel and unjust enrichment with regards to the agreement of principles. In addition, the Plaintiff’s complaint seeks an order for a permanent injunction to prevent Duke Israel from continuing providing these services to the IEC, and an order to enforce the agreement of principles ordering Duke Israel to act as necessary to establish a partnership or joint venture.
We filed a statement of defense against the complaint. On February 26, 2026, the court issued a decision ordering the dismissal of the complaint without prejudice. The court’s decision also stipulated that if the Plaintiff files a new complaint in this matter, then as a condition to filing such a complaint the Plaintiff will pay us additional expenses.
40
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to “us,” “we,” “our,” and similar terms refer to DUKE Robotics Corp., a Nevada corporation, and its subsidiaries. This discussion includes forward-looking statements, as that term is defined in the federal securities laws, based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements.
We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which are beyond our control, which may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks and other influences could materially affect our results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by us ultimately prove to be accurate. Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise.
Company Overview
We are a robotics company developing advanced robotics and drone-based systems. Our advanced robotic system enables remote, real-time, pinpoint accurate firing of small arms and light weapons that can achieve pinpoint accuracy regardless of the movement of the weapons platform or the target. We also introduced an insulator cleaning drone, which is a drone technology for conducting routine maintenance of critical infrastructure for cleaning electric utility cable insulators.
Operating Results
The selected historical financial information presented below is derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 and Duke’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes elsewhere in this registration statement.
| Year ended | ||||||||
| December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenues | 377,000 | 108,000 | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | (198,000 | ) | (71,000 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 179,000 | 37,000 | ||||||
| Research and development expenses | (104,000 | ) | (157,000 | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | (1,281,000 | (905,000 | ) | |||||
| Operating loss | (1,206,000 | ) | (1,025,000 | ) | ||||
| Financial income (expenses), net | (25,000 | ) | 40,000 | |||||
| Other loss | (10,000 | ) | - | |||||
| Net loss | (1,241,000 | ) | (985,000 | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss) - Foreign currency translation adjustments | (2,000 | ) | - | |||||
| Comprehensive loss | (1,243,000 | ) | (985,000 | ) | ||||
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2025 to the year ended December 31, 2024
Revenues. We had $377,000 in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we had $108,000 in revenues. The increase in revenue was primarily attributable to the expansion of our IC Drone service operations, following the successful launch of the full cleaning season in May 2025. During 2024, the Company commenced its cleaning operations midway through the season, which limited revenue generation for that period. The increase in revenue was partially offset by temporary disruptions to our regular business operations during the third quarter of 2025, resulting from the ongoing military operations in the Gaza Strip. Revenues also reflect the initial recognition of revenues from royalties derived from sales of the “Bird of Prey” stabilized weapons drone systems, through our Collaboration Agreement with Elbit, which contributed for the first time to our revenues, while the majority of the revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 continued to be generated from our IC Drone service activities.
41
Cost of revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we had $198,000 in cost of revenues expenses, compared to $71,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The cost of revenues mainly consists of operational expenses associated with our agreements with the IEC as detailed above. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily attributed to the growth in our IC Drone service activities.
Research and Development. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we had $104,000 in research and development expenses, compared to $157,000 in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in our research and development expenses are mainly due to allocating more resources to the execution of our IC Drone insulator service activities, and less to development activities.
General and Administrative Expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2025, our general and administrative expenses amounted to $1,281,000, of which $871,000 were related to professional services, such as accounting, auditing, insurance costs, consulting and legal services, and $224,000 were related to stock-based compensation expenses, and were $905,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, of which $686,000 were related to professional services and $28,000 related to stock-based compensation expenses. This increase in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025, was mainly due to an increase in professional services attributable to our expansion in Greece activities and officer compensation expenses, as well as in stock-based compensation expenses, attributable to equity awards granted in March 2025.
Financial Income (expenses), net. For the year ended December 31, 2025, our financial expenses amounted to $25,000 as compared to financial income of $40,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The reason for the increase in financial expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025, was mainly due to the decrease in the balance of our cash bank deposits which resulted in a decrease in interest income.
Net Loss. For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded a net loss of $1,241,000 and $985,000, respectively, which represented an increase of $256,000 in 2025 compared to 2024.
Critical Accounting Policies
This Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.
Our significant accounting policies and estimates are discussed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and “Use of Estimates in the preparation of financial statements” of the notes to consolidated financial statement, which are included in this registration statement.
As of December 31, 2025, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have devoted substantially most our efforts to research and development and have incurred accumulated losses of $12,403,000.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, our loss of $1,241,000 included non-cash stock-based compensation of $224,000. As of December 31, 2025, we had a working capital of $151,000 as compared to a working capital of $1,010,000 as of December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2025, we had a cash balance of $750,000 compared to a cash balance of $1,256,000 as of December 31, 2024. The reason for the decrease in our cash balance was mainly due to operating expenses described above. This balance excludes $275,000 received in January 2026 under our December 30, 2025, Securities Purchase Agreement.
Cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $811,000 as compared to cash used in operations of $918,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The reason for the decrease in cash used in operations is mainly related to increase in trade receivable and other liabilities.
Since our inception we and Duke have funded our operations through equity and debt financing, bank loans, loans provided by shareholders and demonstration projects of its technology to potential customers.
42
Since Duke’s inception and until 2017, certain Duke affiliates provided loans to Duke from time to time, as needed. Before entering into the Share Exchange, Duke entered into debt cancellation letters (the “Debt Cancellation Letters”) with regard to the Stockholders Loans. Pursuant to the Debt Cancellation Letters the accumulated interest on the Stockholders’ Loans was waived and 842,135 shares of Duke’s common stock were issued in exchange for the cancellation of $623,180 in debt, leaving $280,000 of outstanding Stockholders Loans (the “Outstanding Stockholders’ Loans”). The Outstanding Stockholders’ Loans, including the accumulated interest amount, shall be repaid on the later of the following: (i) three years after the Effective Date (March 9, 2020); or (ii) Duke raised capital amounting to at least $15 million following the Effective Date and the Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization of Duke has reached an amount of $3 million.
As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balances of such stockholders’ loans were $330,000 and $322,000, respectively.
On May 11, 2021, we entered into securities purchase agreements with eight (8) non-U.S. investors, pursuant to which we, in a private placement offering, agreed to issue and sell to investors an aggregate of: (i) 500,000 shares of our Common Stock at a price of $10.00 per share; and (ii) warrants to purchase 500,000 of our Common Stock. The warrants were exercisable immediately and for a term of 18 months and have an exercise price of $10 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $5,000,000 and the offering closed on May 11, 2021. On April 5, 2022, we entered into an agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the warrants, to expire on November 11, 2023. On November 1, 2023, we and the Investors executed a second extension agreement, such that the term of the warrants was extended to expire on November 11, 2024. On June 20, 2024, we entered into a Warrant Amendment Agreement with the Investors to amend the terms of the warrants issued in connection with the May 11, 2021 securities purchase agreements. Under the Warrant Amendment Agreement, we and the Investors agreed to: (i) extend the warrant exercise term to May 11, 2026; (ii) amend the warrant exercise price, increasing it from $10.00 per share to $16.25 per share; and (iii) include a beneficial ownership blocker that limits the exercise of such warrants if the exercise would result in the holder beneficially owning more than 19.99% of the Company’s common stock immediately following the exercise. On March 10, 2026, we entered into an additional Warrant Amendment Agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the warrants, to expire on May 1, 2031.
On December 30, 2025, we entered into securities purchase agreements with seven (7) non-U.S. investors, pursuant to which we, in a private placement offering, agreed to issue and sell to the investors an aggregate of: (i) 83,338 shares of our common stock at a price of $9.00 per share); and (ii) warrants to purchase 83,338 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $16.25 per share, are exercisable immediately and expire on November 30, 2026, subject to extension to May 30, 2028 if a public offering or other qualifying financing of at least $2,500,000 has not occurred prior to such date. In addition, the securities purchase agreement contains a make whole provision that provides for the investors to receive additional shares of Common Stock in the event that we consummates a firm-commitment underwritten public offering on a major stock exchange by November 30, 2026 at a price per share (after giving effect to a 20% discount) that is less than the Purchase Price. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $750,000 and the offering closed on January 6, 2026. Proceeds from the offering were used for general corporate purposes and working capital, including supporting our operational and commercialization initiatives. On March 10, 2026, we entered into an additional Warrant Amendment Agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the warrants, to expire on May 1, 2031.
Since our incorporation, we incurred losses from operations and net cash outflows from operating activities as reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. As of December 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $12,403,000, and we expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We have historically financed our operations primarily through fundraising from various investors and the revenues that were generated from our operations to date were not sufficient to cover our losses. As a result, we remain dependent upon external sources to finance our operations. There can be no assurance that we will succeed in obtaining the necessary financing to continue our operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern through at least twelve months from our financial statements ended December 31, 2026.
We currently believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our operating plan at least through the fourth quarter of 2026. To support our planned growth, strategic initiatives and general working capital needs, we will likely seek to raise additional capital through the issuance of debt, equity, or a combination thereof. There can be no assurance we will be successful in raising additional capital on favorable terms, or at all.
Although we are actively pursuing opportunities to increase revenues, including the potential expansion of commercial sales in additional jurisdictions, some of these efforts remain at an early stage while other initiatives have progressed to more advanced stages of discussion. However, because none of these initiatives have resulted in binding agreements or firm commitments, there can be no assurance that any of them will materialize within our expected timeframes. If we are unable to successfully proceed with these initiatives, our need for additional capital may accelerate.
As a result, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to obtain sufficient amounts of additional capital, we may be required to reduce the scope of our operations, delay or discontinue development activities, limit our manufacturing or commercial expansion plans, or take other actions that could materially harm our business, financial condition, and operating results. If we obtain additional funds by selling any of our equity, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, stockholders may experience additional dilution, or the equity securities may have rights preferences or privileges senior to the common stock. If we issue debt securities, there may be negative covenants which may restrict our company’s activities. If adequate funds are not available to our company when needed on satisfactory terms, we may be required to cease operating or otherwise modify our business strategy. The financial statements included in this registration statement do not include adjustments for measurement or presentation of assets and liabilities, which may be required should we fail to operate as a going concern.
43
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Our directors and executive officer and their ages as of April 24, 2026, are as follows:
| Name | Age | Position | ||||
| Yariv Alroy | 65 | Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||||
Yossef Balucka | 57 | Chief Executive Officer and President | ||||
| Erez Nachtomy | 64 | Vice Chairman | ||||
| Eran Antebi | 55 | Director | ||||
| Keren Gousman Golan | 50 | Director | ||||
| Shlomo Zakai | 56 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
| Vadim Maor | 54 | Chief Technology Officer | ||||
Yariv Alroy, Director and Chairman. Mr. Alroy has been serving as a Director and Chairman since March 10, 2020. Mr. Yariv Alroy is the Managing Director of T.N.S.A Consulting and Management LTD., a private consulting services and investments firm. From 1989 to 1993 Mr. Alroy worked for an Israeli law firm, with his last position as a partner. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Alroy served as COO of SHAHAL Medical Services, and from 1997 to 2000 as Managing Director of SHL International Ltd. From 2000 until January 2016 Mr. Alroy served as Co-CEO of SHL Telemedicine LTD a company in the field of medical technology development and provision of global telemedicine services, including in the United States, Germany, India, Japan and Israel, traded in the Swiss Stock exchange (SWX:SHLTN). From December 2018 to August 2024 Mr. Alroy also served as member of the board of directors and Chairman of SHL Telemedicine. Yariv Alroy holds an LL.B from Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Mr. Alroy was selected to serve as Director and Chairman of our board of directors because of his senior leadership experience in global operations, publicly traded companies and capital markets, as well as his legal background, which the board of directors believes positions him to provide strategic oversight and corporate governance leadership.
Yossef Balucka, CEO and President. Mr. Yossef Balucka has been serving as CEO and President of our Company, Duke and Duke Israel since March 2021. Prior to entering the private sector, Mr. Balucka served for twenty-five years in various field and headquarters positions in the Israeli Navy and retired as Colonel. Following his retirement from the Israeli Navy, between 2014 to 2016, Mr. Balucka served as a senior executive and management member for retail and customer service at Partner Communications Ltd. (TASE:PTNR), one of the leading mobile telecommunications companies in Israel. From 2017 to 2019 Mr. Balucka served as the CEO of Electra Technologies Ltd., a division of Electra Ltd. (TASE:ELTR), which is active in the fields of integrated electro-mechanical and construction. Since 2019 Mr. Balucka is the owner of T.R. Eshkolot Com Services Ltd., providing global strategic consulting services. Mr. Balucka holds a BA in Economics and Business Administration and an MA in Social Sciences from the Haifa University, and MA in Public Administration from the Bar Ilan University.
Erez Nachtomy, Director, Vice Chairman of the Board. Mr. Nachtomy has been serving as a Director and Vice Chairman of our board of directors since March 10, 2020. Mr. Erez Nachtomy is the Managing Director of Ermi Nachtomy Assets Ltd., a private consulting services and investments firm. From May 2020 until September 2024 Mr. Nachtomy served as CEO of SHL Telemedicine Ltd. (SWX:SHLTN). From 1989 until 2001, Mr. Nachtomy practiced law as an associate in one of the leading law firms in Israel, becoming a partner in the firm in 1994 and later on promoted to a senior partner. In March 2001, Mr. Nachtomy joined the executive team of SHL Telemedicine Ltd. (SWX:SHLTN), as Vice President, and from January 2005 to December 2016 he served as Executive Vice President. SHL Telemedicine Ltd. is active in the field of medical technology development and provision of global telemedicine services, including in the United States, Germany, India and Japan. From December 2018 to February 2024 Mr. Nachtomy also served as Member of the Board of SHL Telemedicine. Mr. Nachtomy holds an LL.B. from Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Mr. Nachtomy was selected to serve as Director and Vice Chairman of our board of directors because of his managerial and board-level experience and his expertise in strategic matters and publicly traded companies, which the board of directors believes strengthens its oversight of operations, capital markets matters and corporate strategy.
Eran Antebi, Director. Mr. Antebi has been serving as a Director since March 10, 2020. Mr. Antebi is the Senior Finance Director, Global End to End Surgery Supply Chain at Johnson & Johnson. From 2017 to 2022 he served as Finance Director Biosurgery Supply Chain at Johnson & Johnson. Prior to that he was CFO of SHL Telemedicine Ltd. (SWX:SHLTN) since 2008. Mr. Antebi joined SHL in May 2004 as CFO of Shahal Israel. Prior to joining SHL, from 2000 to 2004, Mr. Antebi was a manager with Ernst & Young in Israel. Mr. Antebi is a certified public accountant (CPA) in Israel and holds a B.A. in Accounting and Economics from Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Mr. Antebi was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his relevant financial experience and qualifications, including his expertise in areas the board of directors believes are important to the Company’s technology, product development and defense-related markets and operations.
44
Keren Gousman Golan. Director. Ms. Gousman has been serving as a Director since March 18, 2025. Ms. Gousman has 25 years of extensive experience in managing operations and multi-disciplinary task teams. Until 2022 Ms. Gousman served as Head of the Field Unit at the Israeli Prime Minister Office. Following retirement from the Israeli Prime Minister Office and until 2024 she served as CEO of AIRNETTRESS, a baby mattress company that markets and sells the “numu® air™”. In 2024 she served as sales and business development executive for BARIKS, a company that developed portable and foldable oxygen pressure chamber for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT). Ms. Gousman holds dual-major B.A., from Faculty of Social Sciences from the Tel Aviv University and M.B.A in Business Administration, specializing in Strategy and Business Entrepreneurship from the Ono Academic College.
Ms. Gousman Golan was selected to serve on our board of directors because of her relevant business and leadership experience and her contributions to our board of directors oversight, including as a member of our independent committees.
Shlomo Zakai, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Zakai has served as our Chief Financial Officer since May 19, 2020. Mr. Zakai brings extensive and proven experience in similar positions with companies operating in international markets and related industries. Prior to joining the Company Mr. Zakai served as the Chief Financial Officer of Save Foods, Inc. (OTC:SAFO) (August 2017 to December 2021). Prior to that, Mr. Zakai worked as an accountant for nine years at Kost, Forer, Gabbay & Kasierer, an independent registered public accounting firm and a member firm of Ernst & Young Global, where he last served as a Senior Manager and worked with technology companies publicly traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market and on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Mr. Zakai holds a B.A. in accounting from the College of Management in Rishon Le’Zion, Israel.
Vadim Maor, Chief Technology Officer. Mr. Maor was appointed as CTO of our Company, Duke and Duke Israel on March 18, 2025. Prior to that he provided research and development (“R&D”) services to the Company during 2024. Mr. Maor is an experienced head of R&D and technology operations in the computer software industry, possessing strong professional skills in product and technology development (IT & SaaS) and enterprise architecture design. Since 2019 Mr. Maor has been the CEO of OSYM Technologies Ltd., a private technology consulting and services company. Between 2011 to 2018 he has been co-founder and CEO of WiseSec, a private company that developed advanced mobile platform micro-location solutions. From 2001 to 2010 Mr. Maor was a director at Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, and prior to that he worked at the MOD - Israeli Ministry of Defense and at IMI - Israeli Military Industries. Mr. Moar holds a B.A. in Near and Middle Eastern Studies from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
There are no arrangements or understandings between any of our directors or executive officers and any other person pursuant to which such director or executive officer was selected as a director or officer.
Family Relationship
There are no family relationships among the directors and officers of the Company.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
Over the past ten (10) years, none of our directors or our executive officer have been (i) involved in any petition under Federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law, (ii) convicted in a criminal proceeding or is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses), (iii) subject of any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from (a) acting as a future’s commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other person regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or an associated person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity, (b) engaging in any type of business practice, or (c) engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with any violation of Federal or State securities laws or Federal commodities laws, or (d) subject of any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any Federal or State authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than 60 days the right to engage in any activity described in (iii)(a), (iv) found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to have violated any Federal or State securities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the SEC has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, (v) found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any Federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, (vi) subject of, or a party to, any Federal or State judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of (a) any Federal or State securities or commodities law or regulation, (b) any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or (c) any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity, or (vii) the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member. Except as set forth in our discussion below in “Transactions with Related Persons; Promoters and Certain Control Persons; Director Independence,” none of our directors, director nominees or executive officers has been involved in any transactions with us or any of our directors, executive officers, affiliates or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
45
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Code of Ethics
We uphold a set of basic values to guide our actions and are committed to maintaining the highest standards of business conduct and corporate governance. Effective March 9, 2020, we adopted an Amended and Restated Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors, officers (including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer) and employees, which, in conjunction with our Certificate of Incorporation, and Bylaws, as amended (the “Bylaws”) form the framework for governance of the Company. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, Bylaws and Article of Incorporation are available at our corporate offices and are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Stockholders may request free printed copies of these documents from:
DUKE Robotics Corp.
Attn: CFO
10 HaRimon Street
Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel 2069203
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has established three standing committees the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Governance and Nominating Committee. Each of these committees consist solely of independent directors. We have adopted written charters for the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Governance and Nominating Committee, which are available on our website, www.dukeroboticsys.com. Our board of directors may establish other committees as it deems necessary or appropriate from time to time.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is composed of three independent directors: Eran Antebi (Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Company’s audit committee financial expert as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K), Keren Gousman and Erez Nachtomy. Each member of the Audit Committee is an independent director as defined by the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq. The Audit Committee has the sole authority and responsibility to select, evaluate and engage independent auditors for the Company. The Audit Committee reviews with the auditors and with the Company’s financial management all matters relating to the annual audit of the Company.
The Audit Committee monitors the integrity of our financial statements, monitors the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, monitors the performance of our internal audit function and the auditors, and monitors our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee also meets with our auditors to review the results of their audit and review of our annual and interim financial statements.
The Audit Committee meets at least on a quarterly basis to discuss with management the annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements and meets from time to time to discuss general corporate matters.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee is composed of three independent directors: Eran Antebi, Keren Gousman and Erez Nachtomy. Among other things, the Compensation Committee reviews, recommends and approves salaries and other compensation of the Company’s executive officers, and administers the Company’s equity incentive plans (including reviewing, recommending and approving stock option and other equity incentive grants to executive officers).
The Compensation Committee meets in executive session to determine the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. In determining the amount, form, and terms of such compensation, the Committee considers the annual performance evaluation of the Chief Executive Officer conducted by the board of directors in light of company goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, competitive market data pertaining to Chief Executive Officer compensation at comparable companies, and such other factors as it deems relevant, and is guided by, and seeks to promote, the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.
In addition, subject to existing agreements, the Compensation Committee determines the salaries, bonuses, and other matters relating to compensation of the executive officers of the Company using similar parameters. It sets performance targets for determining periodic bonuses payable to executive officers. It also reviews and makes recommendations to the board of directors regarding executive and employee compensation and benefit plans and programs generally, including employee bonus and retirement plans and programs (except to the extent specifically delegated to a board of directors appointed committee with authority to administer a particular plan). In addition, the Compensation Committee approves the compensation of non-employee directors and reports it to the full board of directors.
46
Governance and Nominating Committee
The Governance and Nominating Committee consists of Eran Antebi, Keren Gousman and Erez Nachtomy, each of whom meets the independence requirements of all other applicable laws, rules and regulations governing director independence, as determined by the board of directors.
The Governance and Nominating Committee identifies individuals qualified to become members of the board of directors, consistent with criteria approved by the board of directors; recommends to the board of directors the director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders or special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected; recommends to the board of directors candidates to fill any vacancies on the board of directors; develops, recommends to the board of directors, and reviews the corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company; and oversees the evaluation of the board of directors and management.
In recommending director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders, the Governance and Nominating Committee ensures the Company complies with its contractual obligations, if any, governing the nomination of directors. It considers and recruits candidates to fill positions on the board of directors, including as a result of the removal, resignation or retirement of any director, an increase in the size of the board of directors or otherwise. The Committee conducts, subject to applicable law, any and all inquiries into the background and qualifications of any candidate for the board of directors and such candidate’s compliance with the independence and other qualification requirements established by the Committee. The Committee also recommends candidates to fill positions on committees of the board of directors.
In selecting and recommending candidates for election to the board of directors or appointment to any committee of the board of directors, the Governance and Nominating Committee will not select nominees through mechanical application of specified criteria. Rather, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider such factors at it deems appropriate, including, without limitation, the following: personal and professional integrity, ethics and values; experience in corporate management, such as serving as an officer or former officer of a publicly-held company; experience in the Company’s industry; experience as a board member of another publicly-held company; diversity of expertise and experience in substantive matters pertaining to the Company’s business relative to other directors of the Company; practical and mature business judgment; and composition of the board of directors (including its size and structure).
The Governance and Nominating Committee develops and recommends to the board of directors a policy regarding the consideration of director candidates recommended by the Company’s stockholders and procedures for submission by stockholders of director nominee recommendations.
In appropriate circumstances, the Governance and Nominating Committee, in its discretion, will consider and may recommend the removal of a director, in accordance with the applicable provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and amended bylaws. If the Company is subject to a binding obligation that requires director removal structure inconsistent with the foregoing, then the removal of a director shall be governed by such instrument.
The Governance and Nominating Committee oversees the evaluation of the board of directors and management. It also develops and recommends to the board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, which the Governance and Nominating Committee shall periodically review and revise as appropriate. In discharging its oversight role, the Governance and Nominating Committee will be empowered to investigate any matter brought to its attention.
Nominees to the Board of Directors
During the Company’s 2025 fiscal year, there were no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the board of directors.
Insider Trading Policy
We have adopted an insider trading policy (the “Policy”) governing the purchase, sale and other transactions in our securities that applies to our directors, executive officers, employees, and other covered persons, including immediate family members and entities controlled by any of the foregoing persons, as well as by the Company itself.
The Policy prohibits, among other things, insider trading and certain speculative transactions in our securities (including short sales, buying put and selling call options and other hedging or derivative transactions in our securities) and establishes a regular blackout period schedule during which directors, executive officers, employees, and other covered persons may not trade in the Company’s securities, as well as certain pre-clearance procedures that directors and executive officers must observe prior to effecting any transaction in our securities.
We believe that the Policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and listing standards applicable to us. A copy of the Policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
47
EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Compensation of Executive Officers
The compensation of our named executive officers is determined by our board of directors, with the objective of attracting and retaining qualified executives, aligning executive compensation with our business objectives and stockholder interests, and rewarding performance and contribution to the Company.
Cash Compensation and Bonuses
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, the primary component of our named executive officers’ compensation consisted of base salary. We did not maintain a formal bonus or incentive cash compensation plan for our executive officers during 2025, and no discretionary or performance-based cash bonuses were awarded to our named executive officers for that year. Accordingly, the amounts reflected in the “Bonus” column of the Summary Compensation Table, if any, represent discretionary payments approved by the board of directors based on overall performance and service to the Company rather than pursuant to any pre-established performance targets or formula.
Equity-Based Compensation
On May 27, 2021, our board of directors approved the 2021 Plan, pursuant to which we may issue awards, from time to time, consisting of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock grants and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). In addition, stock option awards that qualify under Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance (New Version) 1961 (the “ITO”), and/or under Section 3(i) of the ITO, may be granted. A summary of the 2021 Plan is found below.
Under the 2021 Plan, options, restricted share and RSUs may be granted to our officers, directors, employees and consultants or the officers, directors, employees and consultants of our subsidiary. On March 18, 2025, our board of directors approved an increase in the amount of shares of common stock available under the 2021 Plan from 192,000 to 360,000. On March 10, 2026, the board approved an increase in the number of shares available under the plan from 360,000 to 480,000 shares, and also approved to adjust the number of shares under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and the numbers of options and per-option exercise price of the options that were already granted according to the Reverse Stock Split ratio of 25:1. To the extent that an award lapses or is forfeited, the shares subject to such Award will again become available for grant under the terms of the 2021 Plan.
We do not have any formal policy that requires the Company to grant, or avoid granting, equity-based compensation at certain times. We do not grant equity awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, and do not time the public release of such information based on award grant dates. The timing of any equity grants to executive officers or directors in connection with new hires, promotions, or other non-routine grants is tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officer’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date).
On March 18, 2025, our board of directors approved the following grants: (i) 40,000 options to purchase shares of common stock to Mr. Yossef Balucka, our CEO; (ii) 20,000 options to purchase shares of common stock to Mr. Vadim Maor, our CTO, (iii) 4,800 options to purchase shares of common stock to Ms. Gousman, our newly appointed Director, (iv) 16,000 options to purchase shares of common stock to Mrs. Alexandra Papaconstantinou the appointed Managing Director of Duke Greece, (v) 2,000 options to purchase shares of common stock to Mr. Shlomo Zakai, our CFO.
On March 10, 2026, our board of directors approved the following grants: (i) options to purchase 16,000 shares of our common stock to each of Yossef Balucka, our Chief Executive Officer, and Erez Nachtomy, our Vice Chairman; (ii) options to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock to Shlomi Zakai, our Chief Financial Officer; and (iii) options to purchase 4,000 shares of our common stock to each of Vadim Maor, our Chief Technology Officer, Eran Antebi, a member of our board of directors, and Keren Gousman, a member of our board of directors. Each of the aformentioned options have an exercise price of $7.88 per share, a term of six (6) years from issuance and vest over a three (3) year period, with one third vesting on each of the first three anniversaries of the dates of grant.
The following table summarizes certain information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2025:
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plan not approved by security holders | 179,876 | 20.33 | 180,124 | |||||||||
48
No Loans for Option Exercises. It is our policy to not make loans to employees or officers for the purpose of paying for the exercise of stock options.
Other Compensation Arrangements
We do not maintain any pension, retirement, deferred compensation, severance or change-in-control arrangements for our executive officers, other than benefits required to be provided under applicable Israeli law. As of December 31, 2025, none of our named executive officers had employment agreements that provided for severance or other post-employment payments
Summary Compensation Table
The following sets forth the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer during fiscal 2025, and the other persons who served as executive officers during the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. Unless otherwise noted, the amounts shown represent what was earned in the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE - FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
| Name and principal position | Year | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock awards ($) | Option awards ($) | Non-equity incentive plan compensation ($) | Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings ($) | All other compensation ($) | Total ($) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yossef Bakula - CEO | 2024 | 110,549 | 31,830 | 0 | 3,149 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 145,528 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 140,107 | 0 | 0 | 103,426 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243,533 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shlomo Zakai - CFO | 2024 | 22,957 | 0 | 0 | 793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23,750 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 48,784 | 0 | 0 | 5,171 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53,955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted Stock Awards
There were no shares of restricted stock awarded during the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
49
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT DECEMBER 31, 2025
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
There are no outstanding equity awards for the year ended December 31, 2025 except as disclosed below.
Grants of Plan-Based Awards for 2025
The following table presents the outstanding equity awards held as of December 31, 2025 by our named executive officers and directors, all of which have been issued pursuant to our 2021 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2021 Plan:
| Name | Number of (#) | Market that have | Equity incentive plan awards: Number of shares that have not vested (#) | Equity incentive plan awards: Market value of shares that have not vested ($) | ||||||||||||
| Yossef Bakula | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Erez Nachtomy | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Eran Antebi | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Sagiv Aharon | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Shlomo Zakai | - | - | - | - |
Pension Benefits
We have no arrangements or plans, except for those we are obligated to maintain pursuant to the Israeli law, under which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors and executive officers may receive share options or restricted shares at the discretion of our board of directors in the future.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
The Company does not have a Deferred Compensation Plan for its executive officers.
Other Potential Post-Employment Payments
As of December 31, 2025, there were no named executives with employment contracts that require or required severance or other post-employment payments.
Director Compensation
We reimburse directors for out-of-pocket expenses they incur when attending meetings of the board of directors. On April 12, 2020, effective as of March 1, 2020, our board of directors approved payment of certain fees to our directors in the amounts of $4,980, $4,980 and $6,950 per month to our directors, Yariv Alroy, Sagiv Aharon and Erez Nachtomy (each, an “Active Director”), respectively. On April 12, 2020, we also enacted a policy to pay each director (that is not otherwise an Active Director) an amount of $1,500 for each calendar quarter and $400 for attendance of each meeting of the board of directors. On May 12, 2024, the board of directors approved an increase of $3,050 per month, in the compensation received by Mr. Erez Nachtomy, from $6,950 per month to $10,000 per month, for his service as a member of the board of directors. These amounts are exclusive of Israeli VAT, if applicable.
The following table provides information regarding compensation earned by, awarded or paid to each person for serving as a director who is not an executive officer during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025:
| Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Total ($) | |||||||||
| Yariv Alroy | 60,249 | - | 60,249 | |||||||||
| Sagiv Aharon | 59,844 | - | 59,844 | |||||||||
| Erez Nachtomy | 120,313 | - | 120,313 | |||||||||
| Eran Antebi | 11,246 | - | 11,246 | |||||||||
| Keren Gousman | 8,509 | 12,411 | 20,920 | |||||||||
50
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information as of April 24, 2026 regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock, for:
| ● | each person (or group of affiliated persons) who, insofar as we have been able to ascertain, beneficially owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock; |
| ● | each director; |
| ● | each named executive officer; and |
| ● | all directors and executive officers as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as otherwise indicated, each person or entity named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our capital shown as beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.
In computing the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned by a person, shares that may be acquired by such person within 60 days of the date of this prospectus are counted as outstanding, while these shares are not counted as outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed below is c/o Duke Robotics Ltd., 10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel, Israel 2069203.
We relied on information received from each stockholder as to beneficial ownership, including information contained on Schedules 13D and 13G and Forms 3, 4 and 5. As of April 24, 2026, there were 2,260,383 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Amount
and Nature of Beneficial Ownership(1) | Percent of Class | ||||||
| 5% Stockholders: | ||||||||
| Afek Trading - Kadosh and Razi Ltd.(2) | 296,956 | 13.1 | % | |||||
| Y.D More Investments Ltd. (3) | 450,000 | 19.9 | % | |||||
| Sagiv Aharon | 200,983 | 8.9 | % | |||||
| Named Executive Officers and Directors: | ||||||||
| Yariv Alroy (4) | 232,531 | 10.3 | % | |||||
| Eran Antebi | 4,800 | *% | ||||||
| Yossef Balucka | 31,333 | 1.4 | % | |||||
| Erez Nachtomy (5) | 60,673 | 2.7 | % | |||||
| Shlomo Zakai | 2,667 | *% | ||||||
| Keren Gousman Golan | 1,600 | *% | ||||||
| Vadim Maor | 6,667 | *% | ||||||
| All directors and executive officers as a group (7 Persons)** | 340,271 | 14.7 | % | |||||
| * | less than one percent |
| (1) | The persons named in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock reflected as beneficially owned by them. A person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by such person within sixty (60) days from April 24, 2026, and the total outstanding shares used to calculate each beneficial owner’s percentage includes such shares, although such shares are not taken into account in the calculations of the total number of shares or percentage of outstanding shares. Beneficial ownership as reported does not include shares subject to option or conversion that are not exercisable within 60 days of April 24, 2026. |
| (2) | Address: Rimon 8, Sha’ar Shomron, Israel, 4481800. |
| (3) | Based solely on information contained in Form 13D filed with the SEC on June 20, 2024. Includes (i) 400,000 shares of common stock and 400,000 warrants exercisable into 400,000 shares of common stock), held directly by More Co-Invest (L.P.), Limited Partnership, an Israeli limited partnership, whose general partner, More Co-Invest 1 (G.P.) Ltd., is controlled by Y.D More Investments Ltd. Y.D More Investments Ltd. is an Israeli public company controlled through a voting agreement among the following individuals: (a) Yosef Meirov, directly and through B.Y.M. Mor Investments Ltd., a company he controls with Michael Meirov and Dotan Meirov, (b) Benjamin Meirov (c) Yosef Levy and (d) Eli Levy through Elldot Ltd., a wholly owned company and (ii) include a beneficial ownership blocker that limits the exercise of such warrants if the exercise would result in the holder beneficially owning more than 19.99% of our common stock immediately following the exercise. |
| (4) | Includes 208,673 shares of common stock held by Mr. Alroy directly and 23,858 shares of common stock held by IKI Alroy Investments Ltd., of which Mr. Alroy has control over voting and investment power. |
| (5) | Includes 49,684 shares of common stock held by Mr. Nachtomy directly and 2,989 shares of common stock held by ERMI Nachtomy Assets Ltd., of which Mr. Nachtomy has control over voting and investment power. |
51
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, we did not participate in any transaction, and we are not currently participating in any proposed transaction, or series of transactions, in which the amount involved exceeded the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which, to our knowledge, any of our directors, officers, five percent beneficial security holders, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons had, or will have, a direct or indirect material interest.
Indemnification Agreements
Under our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, the liability of our officers and directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. If Nevada law is amended to further eliminate or limit, or authorize further corporate action to further eliminate or limit, the liability of officers and directors, the liability of officers and directors shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law then in effect.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors pursuant to which the Company agrees to indemnify said officer or director, to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law, against any and all losses resulting from any claims relating to the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Company. The indemnitee will be fully indemnified for any claims (i) to the extent that he or she was successful on the merits in defense of said claims in a court of law; or (ii) to the extent that he or she is serving as a witness and not as a party, in connection with said claim. If items (i) and (ii) do not apply, the Company will indemnify its directors and officers for any losses resulting from any claims, so long as they have complied with the applicable standard of conduct under Nevada law as determined by (i) a majority vote of disinterested directors; or (ii) the written opinion of independent counsel, as applicable. The indemnification agreement also provides the officer or director with the right to request that we advance their expenses prior to final disposition of the claim so long as they execute an undertaking to repay all advances in the event that a Nevada court ultimately determines that they were not entitled indemnification. The officer or director is required under the indemnification agreement to give us notice in writing of a claim as soon as practicable and we are not responsible to provide indemnification if we were not given a reasonable and timely opportunity to participate in the defense of the claim at our own expense.
Information related to the independence of our directors is provided under the section titled “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.”
52
DESCRIPTION OF OUR SECURITIES THAT WE ARE OFFERING
Our authorized capital stock consists of 350,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of April 26, 2026, there are 2,260,383 shares of common stock outstanding.
This description is intended as a summary, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to applicable Nevada law, and our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and amended by-laws, which are filed, or incorporated by reference, as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Units
We are offering 648,298 Units in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $12.34 per unit, and up to an additional Units upon full exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters. Each Unit consists of one share of our common stock and a warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price equal to $13.57, which is 110% of the public offering price of the Units. Our Units will not be certificated and the shares of our common stock and the warrants that are part of such Units must be purchased together in this offering as Units and are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering. We are also registering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. These securities are being issued pursuant to an underwriting agreement between us and the underwriters. You should review the underwriting agreement and the form of warrant, each filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the warrants.
Common Stock
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, and do not have cumulative voting rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividend payments. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable, and the shares of common stock to be issued upon completion of this offering will be fully paid and nonassessable. The holders of common stock have no preferences or rights of cumulative voting, conversion, or pre-emptive or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in any of our assets remaining after payment or provision for payment of all of our debts and obligations and after liquidation payments to holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock, if any.
Warrants
As of April 24, 2026, there are 731,394 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $16.25 per share.
Overview. The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the warrants offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the warrant agent agreement between us, the Warrant Agent, and the form of warrant, both of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions set forth in the warrant agent agreement, including the annexes thereto, and form of warrant.
The warrants issued in this offering entitle the registered holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price equal to $13.57 per share (based on an assumed public offering price of 12.34 per Unit), subject to adjustment as discussed below, immediately following the issuance of such warrant and terminating at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, five years after the closing of this offering.
The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in the event of a stock dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of common stock at prices below its exercise price.
Exercisability. The warrants are exercisable at any time after their original issuance and at any time up to the date that is five (5) years after their original issuance. The warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the Warrant Agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price, by certified or official bank check payable to us, for the number of warrants being exercised. Under the terms of the Warrant Agreement, we must use our best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement and current prospectus relating to common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants. If we fail to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement and current prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, the holders of the warrants shall have the right to exercise the warrants solely via a cashless exercise feature provided for in the warrants, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, on the expiration date of the warrants, they shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to the terms of the warrants.
53
Exercise Limitation. A holder may not exercise any portion of a warrant to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates and any other person or entity acting as a group, would own more than 4.99% (or, upon election by a warrant holder prior to the issuance of such warrants, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock after exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrant, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may waive such limitation up to a percentage not in excess of 9.99%.
Exercise Price. The exercise price per whole share of common stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants is $13.57 per share (based on an assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit) or 110% of the assumed public offering price of the common stock. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our stockholders.
Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. If, upon exercise of the warrant, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price. If multiple warrants are exercised by the holder at the same time, we shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price.
Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.
Amendment and Waiver. Subject to any non-conflicting terms of the warrant agency agreement and the exercise adjustment provisions of the warrants, the warrants may be modified or amended or the provisions thereof waived (i) with respect to an amendment or modification, upon obtaining the written consent of the Company and the holders of at least 50.1% of the shares common stock issuable upon the exercise of the then-outstanding warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agency agreement and (ii) in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought; provided, that, in each case, if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately, materially and adversely impacts a warrant holder (or group of holders), the written consent of such disproportionately impacted holder (or group of holders) shall also be required, and provided further that such modification, amendment or waiver applies to all of the then-outstanding warrants.
Warrant Agent; Global Certificate. The warrants will be issued in registered form under a warrant agent agreement between the Warrant Agent and us. We have applied to list the warrants on Nasdaq, under the symbol “DUKRW,” and, if approved, trading of the warrants is expected to commence on or about the date of issuance. The warrants shall initially be represented only by one or more global warrants deposited with the Warrant Agent, as custodian on behalf of The Depository Trust Company (DTC) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC.
Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, the holders of the warrants will be entitled to receive the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.
Rights as a Stockholder. The warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of common stock or any voting rights until they exercise their warrants and receive shares of common stock. After the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.
54
Governing Law. The warrants and the warrant agent agreement are governed by New York law.
Representative’s Warrants. The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part also registers for sale the Representative’s Warrants, as a portion of the underwriting compensation payable to the Representative in connection with this offering. The Representative’s Warrants will be exercisable six months after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, will expire five years after such effective date, and have an exercise price of $15.43 (125% of the assumed public offering price of the Units). Please see “Underwriting—Representative’s Warrants” for a description of the warrants we have agreed to issue to the Representative in this offering, subject to the completion of the offering. We expect to enter into a warrant agreement in respect of the Representative’s Warrants prior to the closing of this offering.
Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Articles of Incorporation and Amended By-laws
Provisions of our articles of incorporation, as amended, and our amended by-laws may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change of control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. Therefore, these provisions could adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Board of Directors; Removal of Directors. The board of directors shall consist of one to nine persons. Increases or decreases to said number may be made, within the numbers authorized by the Articles of Incorporation, as the board of directors shall from time to time determine by amendment to our Bylaws. An increase or a decrease in the number of the members of the board of directors may also be had upon amendment to our Bylaws by a majority vote of all of the shareholders, and the number of directors to be so increased or decreased shall be fixed upon a majority vote of all of the shareholders of the corporation. Each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders of the corporation and until his or her successor shall have been elected and shall have qualified. Directors need not be residents of the state of incorporation or shareholders of the corporation. At a meeting expressly called for that purpose, one or more directors may be removed by a vote of a majority of the shares of outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Board Vacancies. If any vacancies shall occur in the board of directors by reason of death, resignation or otherwise, or if the number of directors shall be increased, the directors then in office shall continue to act and such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by a vote of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, in any way approved by the meeting. Any directorship to be filled by reason of removal of one or more directors by the shareholders may be filled by election by the shareholders at the meeting at which the director or directors are removed.
Special Meetings of Stockholders. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by or at the request of the president, vice president, or any two directors. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the board of directors may fix any place, either within or without the state of incorporation, as the place for holding any special meeting of the board of directors called by them.
Blank-Check Preferred Stock. Our board of directors will be authorized to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock, the rights of which will be determined at the discretion of the board of directors and that, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that our board of directors does not approve.
Nevada Anti-Takeover Statutes
The following provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) could, if applicable, have the effect of discouraging takeovers of our company.
Transactions with Interested Stockholders. The NRS prohibits a publicly-traded Nevada company from engaging in any business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder unless, prior to that date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination itself or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder.
55
An “interested stockholder” is defined as any entity or person beneficially owning, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with, controlling, or controlled by any of these entities or persons. The definition of “business combination” is sufficiently broad to cover virtually any type of transaction that would allow a potential acquirer to use the corporation’s assets to finance the acquisition or otherwise benefit its own interests rather than the interests of the corporation and its stockholders.
In addition, business combinations that are not approved and therefore take place after the three year waiting period may also be prohibited unless approved by the board of directors and stockholders or the price to be paid by the interested stockholder is equal to the highest of (i) the highest price per share paid by the interested stockholder within the 3 years immediately preceding the date of the announcement of the business combination or in the transaction in which he or she became an interested stockholder, whichever is higher; (ii) the market value per common share on the date of announcement of the business combination or the date the interested stockholder acquired the shares, whichever is higher; or (iii) if higher for the holders of preferred stock, the highest liquidation value of the preferred stock.
Acquisition of a Controlling Interest. The NRS contains provisions governing the acquisition of a “controlling interest” and provides generally that any person that acquires 20% or more of the outstanding voting shares of an “issuing corporation,” defined as Nevada corporation that has 200 or more stockholders at least 100 of whom are Nevada residents (as set forth in the corporation’s stock ledger); and does business in Nevada directly or through an affiliated corporation, may be denied voting rights with respect to the acquired shares, unless a majority of the disinterested stockholder of the corporation elects to restore such voting rights in whole or in part.
The statute focuses on the acquisition of a “controlling interest” defined as the ownership of outstanding shares sufficient, but for the control share law, to enable the acquiring person, directly or indirectly and individually or in association with others, to exercise (i) one-fifth or more, but less than one-third; (ii) one-third or more, but less than a majority; or (iii) a majority or more of the voting power of the corporation in the election of directors.
The question of whether or not to confer voting rights may only be considered once by the stockholders and once a decision is made, it cannot be revisited. In addition, unless a corporation’s articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise (i) acquired voting securities are redeemable in whole or in part by the issuing corporation at the average price paid for the securities within 30 days if the acquiring person has not given a timely information statement to the issuing corporation or if the stockholders vote not to grant voting rights to the acquiring person’s securities; and (ii) if voting rights are granted to the acquiring person, then any stockholder who voted against the grant of voting rights may demand purchase from the issuing corporation, at fair value, of all or any portion of their securities.
The provisions of this section do not apply to acquisitions made pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution, the enforcement of a judgment, or the satisfaction of a security interest, or acquisitions made in connection with certain mergers or reorganizations.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Direct Transfer, LLC, a subsidiary of Issuer Direct Corporation, with its business address at One Glenwood Ave, Suite 1001 Raleigh, NC 27603.
Market Listing
Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “DUKR”. We intend to apply to have our common stock and warrants listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “DUKR” and “DUKRW” respectively. We cannot guarantee that Nasdaq will approve our initial listing application for our common stock upon such reverse stock split. If our listing application is not approved by Nasdaq, we will not be able to consummate this offering and will terminate the offering. For a list of specific requirements to uplist to Nasdaq, see “Risk Factors”.
Disclosure of Commission Position on Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
56
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The Resale Prospectus covers the offering for resale of 170,954 shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholders. This prospectus and any prospectus supplement will only permit the Selling Stockholders to sell the number of shares of common stock identified in the column “Maximum Number of Shares to be Sold Pursuant to the Resale Prospectus.” The shares of common stock issued to the Selling Stockholders are “restricted” securities under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and are being registered to provide the Selling Stockholders the opportunity to sell those shares of common stock.
The following table sets forth the name of the Selling Stockholders who are offering the shares of common stock for resale by the Resale Prospectus, the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned by each such Selling Stockholder, the maximum number of shares that may be offered for resale by the Resale Prospectus and the number of shares each such Selling Stockholder will own after the offering, assuming each such Selling Stockholder sells the maximum number of shares to be sold by it pursuant to the Resale Prospectus. The information appearing in the table below is based on information provided by or on behalf of the named Selling Stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of the shares by the Selling Stockholders. The Selling Stockholders may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” in the Resale Prospectus for additional information.
| Name of Selling Stockholder | Shares | Percentage Ownership Prior to Offering(1) | Maximum Number of Shares to be Sold Pursuant to this Prospectus | Percentage this Offering | Shares Owned Immediately After Sale of Maximum Number of Shares in this Offering | |||||||||||||||
| Neor El-Hay | 14,400 | (2) | * | % | 7,200 | (2) | * | % | 7,200 | |||||||||||
| Yehoshua Abramovich | 37,024 | (3) | 1.64 | % | 7,400 | (3) | * | % | 29,624 | |||||||||||
| Womble Enterprises LLC | 3,313 | * | % | 3,313 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Shaked Rakach | 47,697 | 2.11 | % | 47,697 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Noy Alroy Schnitzer | 31,798 | 1.41 | % | 31,798 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Ronen Waisserberg | 36,624 | (4) | 1.62 | % | 7,200 | (4) | * | % | 29,424 | |||||||||||
| Ori Raam | 14,400 | (5) | * | % | 7,200 | (5) | * | % | 7,200 | |||||||||||
| Chad Swan | 12,392 | * | % | 12,392 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate Profile LLC | 8,000 | * | % | 8,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Nehama Alroy | 38,754 | 1.71 | % | 38,754 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| * | less than 1% |
| (1) | Based on 2,260,383 shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the offering and not including any shares issued in our public offering. |
| (2) | Consists of 7,200 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,200 shares of common stock. The Company is registering 7,200 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus |
| (3) | Consists of 18,512 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 18,512 shares of common stock. The Company is registering 7,400 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus. |
| (4) | Consists of 7,200 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,200 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Waisserberg, and 11,112 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 11,112 shares of common stock held by A.S.T Investment House Ltd. and entity controlled by Mr. Waisserberg. The Company is registering 7,200 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus |
| (5) | Consists of 7,200 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,200 shares of common stock. The Company is registering 7,200 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus. |
57
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Units, common stock and warrants purchased in this offering, which we refer to collectively as our securities, but is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis of all the potential tax considerations. The holder of a unit generally should be treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as the owner of the underlying one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock that underlie the unit, as the case may be. As a result, the discussion below with respect to actual holders of common stock and warrants should also apply to holders of Units (as the deemed owners of the underlying common stock and warrants that comprise the Units). This summary is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative rulings and judicial decisions, all as of the date hereof. These authorities may be changed, possibly retroactively, so as to result in U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences different from those set forth below. There can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described herein, and we have not obtained, and do not intend to obtain, an opinion of counsel or ruling from the IRS with respect to the U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership or disposition of our securities.
This summary does not address any alternative minimum tax considerations, any considerations regarding the tax on net investment income, or the tax considerations arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. jurisdiction, or under any non-income tax laws, including U.S. federal gift and estate tax laws, except to the limited extent set forth below. In addition, this summary does not address tax considerations applicable to an investor’s particular circumstances or to investors that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:
| ● | banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions; | |
| ● | tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations; | |
| ● | regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts; | |
| ● | controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax; | |
| ● | brokers or dealers in securities or currencies; | |
| ● | traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings; | |
| ● | persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock (except to the extent specifically set forth below); | |
| ● | tax-qualified retirement plans; | |
| ● | certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States; | |
| ● | partnerships or entities or arrangements classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and other pass-through entities (and investors therein); | |
| ● | persons who hold our securities as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” “conversion transaction” or other risk reduction transaction or integrated investment; | |
| ● | persons who do not hold our securities as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code; or | |
| ● | persons deemed to sell our securities under the constructive sale provisions of the Code. |
In addition, if a partnership (or entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our securities, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend on the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. Accordingly, partnerships that hold our securities, and partners in such partnerships, should consult their tax advisors.
58
You are urged to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the application of the U.S. federal income tax laws to your particular situation, as well as any tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our securities arising under the U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws or under the laws of any state, local, non-U.S., or other taxing jurisdiction or under any applicable tax treaty.
Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit
No statutory, administrative or judicial authority directly addresses the treatment of a unit or instruments similar to a unit for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, therefore, that treatment is not entirely clear. The acquisition of a unit should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the acquisition of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, each holder of a unit must allocate the purchase price paid by such holder for such unit between such one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock based on their relative fair market values at the time of issuance. Under U.S. federal income tax law, each investor must make his or her own determination of such value based on all the relevant facts and circumstances. Therefore, we strongly urge each investor to consult his or her tax adviser regarding the determination of value for these purposes. The price allocated to each share of common stock and each warrant should be the stockholder’s tax basis in such share or warrant, as the case may be. Any disposition of a unit should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a disposition of the one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock comprising the unit, and the amount realized on the disposition should be allocated between the one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock based on their respective relative fair market values (as determined by each such unit holder on all the relevant facts and circumstances) at the time of disposition. The separation of the common stock and warrants comprising units should not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The foregoing treatment of the common stock and warrants and a holder’s purchase price allocation are not binding on the IRS or the courts. Because there are no authorities that directly address instruments that are similar to the units, no assurance can be given that the IRS or the courts will agree with the characterization described above or the discussion below. Accordingly, each prospective investor is urged to consult its own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in a unit (including alternative characterizations of a unit). The balance of this discussion assumes that the characterization of the units described above is respected for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Consequences to U.S. Holders
The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that will apply to a U.S. holder of our securities. For purposes of this discussion, you are a U.S. holder if, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, you are a beneficial owner of our securities, other than a partnership, that is:
| ● | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; | |
| ● | a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia; | |
| ● | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or | |
| ● | a trust (x) whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) which has made a valid election to be treated as a “United States person.” |
Distributions
As described in the section titled “Market for Our Common Stock—Dividend Policy,” we have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. However, if we do make distributions on our common stock, those payments will constitute dividends for U.S. tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent those distributions exceed both our current and our accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will constitute a return of capital and will first reduce your basis in our common stock, but not below zero, and then will be treated as gain from the sale of stock as described below under “Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Stock.”
Dividend income may be taxed to an individual U.S. holder at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided that a minimum holding period and other limitations and requirements are satisfied. Any dividends that we pay to a U.S. holder that is a corporation will qualify for a deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations equal to a portion of any dividends received, subject to generally applicable limitations on that deduction. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the holding period and other requirements that must be satisfied in order to qualify for the reduced tax rate on dividends or the dividends-received deduction.
59
Constructive Distributions
The terms of the warrants allow for changes in the exercise price of the warrants under certain circumstances. A change in exercise price of a warrant that allows holders to receive more shares of common stock on exercise may increase a holder’s proportionate interest in our earnings and profits or assets. In that case, such holder may be treated as though it received a taxable distribution in the form of our common stock. A taxable constructive stock distribution would generally result, for example, if the exercise price is adjusted to compensate holders for distributions of cash or property to our stockholders.
Not all changes in the exercise price that result in a holder’s receiving more common stock on exercise, however, would be considered as increasing a holder’s proportionate interest in our earnings and profits or assets. For instance, a change in exercise price could simply prevent the dilution of a holder’s interest upon a stock split or other change in capital structure. Changes of this type, if made pursuant to bona fide reasonable adjustment formula, are not treated as constructive stock distributions for these purposes. Conversely, if an event occurs that dilutes a holder’s interest and the exercise price is not adjusted, the resulting increase in the proportionate interests of our stockholders could be treated as a taxable stock distribution to our stockholders.
Any taxable constructive stock distributions resulting from a change to, or a failure to change, the exercise price of the warrants that is treated as a distribution of common stock would be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the same manner as distributions on our common stock paid in cash or other property, resulting in a taxable dividend to the recipient to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (with the recipient’s tax basis in its common stock or warrants, as applicable, being increased by the amount of such dividend), and with any excess treated as a return of capital or as capital gain. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding whether any taxable constructive stock dividend would be eligible for tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains or the dividends-received deduction described below above “Consequences to U.S. Holders—Distributions,” as the requisite applicable holding period requirements might not be considered to be satisfied.
Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Stock
A U.S. holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our common stock. The amount of gain or loss will equal the difference between the amount realized on the sale and such U.S. holder’s tax basis in such common stock. The amount realized will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any other property received in exchange for such common stock. Gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder has held the common stock for more than one year. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. holders are generally taxed at preferential rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
Sale, Exchange, Redemption, Lapse or Other Taxable Disposition of a Warrant
Upon a sale, exchange, redemption, lapse or other taxable disposition of a warrant, a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized (if any) on the disposition and such U.S. holder’s tax basis in the warrant. The amount realized will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any other property received in exchange for the warrant. The U.S. holder’s tax basis in the warrant generally will equal the amount the holder paid for the warrant. Gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder has held the warrant for more than one year. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. holders are generally taxed at preferential rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
Any taxable constructive stock distributions resulting from a change to, or a failure to change, the exercise price of the warrants that is treated as a distribution of common stock would be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the same manner as distributions on our common stock paid in cash or other property, resulting in a taxable dividend to the recipient to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (with the recipient’s tax basis in its common stock or warrants, as applicable, being increased by the amount of such dividend), and with any excess treated as a return of capital or as capital gain. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding whether any taxable constructive stock dividend would be eligible for tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains or the dividends-received deduction described below under “Consequences to U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions,” as the requisite applicable holding period requirements might not be considered to be satisfied.
60
Exercise of a Warrant
The exercise of a warrant for shares of common stock generally will not be a taxable event for the exercising U.S. holder, except with respect to cash, if any, received in lieu of a fractional share. A U.S. holder will have a tax basis in the shares of common stock received on exercise of a warrant equal to the sum of the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the warrant surrendered, reduced by any portion of the basis allocable to a fractional share, plus the exercise price of the warrant. A U.S. holder generally will have a holding period in shares of common stock acquired on exercise of a warrant that commences on the date of exercise of the warrant.
Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders
The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that will apply to a non-U.S. holder of our securities. A “non-U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our securities (other than a partnership or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is not a U.S. holder.
Distributions
Subject to the discussion below regarding effectively connected income, any dividend, including any taxable constructive stock dividend resulting from certain adjustments, or failure to make adjustments, to the exercise price of a warrant (as described above under “Consequences to U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions”), paid to a non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. withholding tax either at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividend or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. In order to receive a reduced treaty rate, a non-U.S. holder must provide us with an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or other applicable IRS Form W-8 properly certifying qualification for the reduced rate. These forms must be updated periodically. A non-U.S. holder eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. If a non-U.S. holder holds our securities through a financial institution or other agent acting on the non-U.S. holder’s behalf, the non-U.S. holder will be required to provide appropriate documentation to the agent, which then may be required to provide certification to us or our paying agent, either directly or through other intermediaries.
Dividends received by a non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with its conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States) are generally exempt from such withholding tax if the non-U.S. holder satisfies certain certification and disclosure requirements. In order to obtain this exemption, the non-U.S. holder must provide us with an IRS Form W-8ECI or other applicable IRS Form W-8 properly certifying such exemption. Such effectively connected dividends, although not subject to withholding tax, are taxed at the same graduated U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to U.S. holders, net of certain deductions and credits. In addition, dividends received by a corporate non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with its conduct of a U.S. trade or business may also be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
Gain on Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Stock or Warrants
Subject to the discussion below regarding backup withholding and foreign accounts, a non-U.S. holder generally will not be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our common stock or a warrant unless:
| ● | the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States); | |
| ● | the non-U.S. holder is a non-resident alien individual who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year in which the sale or disposition occurs and certain other conditions are met; or | |
| ● | shares of our common stock or our warrants, as applicable, constitute U.S. real property interests by reason of our status as a “United States real property holding corporation” (a USRPHC) for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the non-U.S. holder’s disposition of, or the non- U.S. holder’s holding period for, our common stock or warrants, as applicable. |
61
We believe that we are not currently and will not become a USRPHC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the remainder of this discussion so assumes. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. real property relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we become a USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real property interests only if the non-U.S. holder actually or constructively hold more than five percent of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding the non-U.S. holder’s disposition of, or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period for, our common stock. In addition, provided that our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, a warrant will not be treated as a U.S. real property interest with respect to a non-U.S. holder if such holder did not own, actually or constructively, warrants whose total fair market value on the date they were acquired (and on the date or dates any additional warrants were acquired) exceeded the fair market value on that date (and on the date or dates any additional warrants were acquired) of 5% of all our common stock.
If the non-U.S. holder is described in the first bullet above, it will be required to pay tax on the net gain derived from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition under regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates, and a corporate non-U.S. holder described in the first bullet above also may be subject to the branch profits tax at a rate of 30%, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. An individual non-U.S. holder described in the second bullet above will be required to pay a flat 30% tax (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on the gain derived from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition, which gain may be offset by U.S. source capital losses for the year (provided the non-U.S. holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses). Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding any applicable income tax or other treaties that may provide for different rules.
Federal Estate Tax
Common stock or warrants beneficially owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident of the United States (as defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) at the time of their death will generally be includable in the decedent’s gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes. Such shares, therefore, may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Generally, we must report annually to the IRS the amount of dividends paid to you, your name and address and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report will be sent to you. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS may make these reports available to tax authorities in your country of residence.
Payments of dividends on or of proceeds from the disposition of our securities made to you may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding at a current rate of 28% unless you establish an exemption, for example, by properly certifying your non-U.S. status on an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E or other applicable IRS Form W-8. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding and information reporting may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that you are a U.S. person.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. federal income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance
The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 30% on dividends on our securities paid to a “foreign financial institution” (as specially defined under these rules), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. government to, among other things, withhold on certain payments and to collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information regarding the U.S. account holders of such institution (which includes certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners) or otherwise establishes an exemption. FATCA also generally imposes a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on dividends on our securities paid to a “non-financial foreign entity” (as specially defined for purposes of these rules) unless such entity provides the withholding agent with a certification identifying certain substantial direct and indirect U.S. owners of the entity, certifies that there are none or otherwise establishes an exemption. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify the requirements described in this paragraph. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this legislation on their investment in our securities.
Each prospective investor should consult its own tax advisor regarding the particular U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities, including the consequences of any proposed changes in applicable laws.
62
UNDERWRITING
Maxim Group LLC is acting as the representative of the underwriters of the offering (the “Representative”). We intend to enter into an underwriting agreement with the Representative. We plan to list our common stock and warrants for trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “DUKR” and “DUKRW” respectively, in connection with this offering, and if necessary, to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock in order for our common stock to be approved for listing on Nasdaq, although there is no assurance that such reverse stock split will occur based on any specific ratio, that such reverse stock split will be necessary or will occur in connection with the uplisting to Nasdaq, or that Nasdaq will approve our initial listing application for our common stock upon such reverse stock split. If we fail to effect such reverse stock split of our common stock if necessary to obtain such Nasdaq approval, or if we are not able to uplist our common stock or list the warrants for any other reason, we will not be able to consummate the offering and will terminate this offering. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter named below and each underwriter named below has severally and not jointly agreed to purchase from us, at the public offering price per Unit less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of Units listed next to its name in the following table:
| Underwriter | Number of Units | |||
| Maxim Group LLC | ||||
| Total | ||||
A copy of the underwriting agreement will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is part.
The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the underwriters to purchase all of the Units being offered to the public is subject to specific conditions, including the absence of any material adverse change in our business or in the financial markets and the receipt of certain legal opinions, certificates and letters from us, our counsel and the independent auditors. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering may be terminated. Subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement, the underwriters will purchase all of the Units being offered to the public, other than those securities covered by the over-allotment option described below, if any of these Units are purchased.
The underwriters are offering the Units, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel and other conditions specified in the underwriting agreement. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
Over-Allotment Option
We have granted to the Representative an option, exercisable one or more times in whole or in part, not later than 45 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase from us up to 97,245 additional shares of common stock at an assumed offering price of $12.34 per share, and/or warrants to purchase up to 97,245 additional shares of common stock at a price of $0.0001 per warrant (15% of the shares of common stock and warrants included in the Units offered in this offering, the warrants to have the same terms as the warrants included in the Units), in each case, less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover of this prospectus in any combination thereof to cover over-allotments, if any. We will be obligated, pursuant to the option, to sell these additional Units to the underwriters to the extent the option is exercised. If any additional shares of common stock and/or warrants are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares of common stock and/or warrants on the same terms as those on which the other Units are being offered hereunder. If this option is exercised in full, the total offering price to the public will be $12.34 and the total net proceeds, before expenses and after the credit to the underwriting commissions described below, to us will be $7,954,000.
63
Discounts and Commissions; Expenses
The following table shows the assumed public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the Representative of the over-allotment option.
| Per Unit | Total Without Over- | Total With Full Over- Allotment Option | ||||||||||
| Public offering price | $ | 12.34 | $ | 8,000,000 | $ | 9,200,000 | ||||||
| Underwriting discount (8.0%) | $ | 0.99 | $ | 640,000 | $ | 736,000 | ||||||
| Proceeds, before expenses, to us | $ | 11.35 | $ | 7,360,000 | $ | 8,464,000 | ||||||
We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this Offering to be approximately $1,150,000, which amount includes (i) the underwriting discount of $640,000 (8.0%) assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option, (ii) reimbursement of the accountable expenses of the Representative up to $125,000 and (iii) other estimated expenses of approximately $385,000, which includes legal accounting printing costs and various fees associated with the registration of the Units offered hereby.
We have been advised by the Representative that it proposes to offer the Units offered by us to the public at the assumed public offering price per Unit set forth on the cover of this prospectus. In addition, the underwriters may offer some of the Units to other securities dealers at such price less a concession of $0.59232. After the initial offering, the public offering price and concession to dealers may be changed.
We have paid an expense deposit of $40,000 to the Representative, which will be applied against the accountable expenses that will be paid by us to the Representative in connection with this offering. The $40,000 expense deposit will be returned to us to the extent not actually incurred. The underwriting agreement also provides that in the event the offering is terminated, the $40,000 expense deposit paid to the Representative will be returned to us to the extent that offering expenses are not actually incurred by the Representative in accordance with Financial Industry Regulation Authority (“FINRA”) Rule 5110(f)(2)(C).
We have also agreed to reimburse the Representative for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses not to exceed $125,000 in the aggregate. We estimate that total expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discount, will be approximately $385,000.
Discretionary Accounts
The Representative has advised us that the underwriters do not intend to confirm sales of the Units offered hereby to any accounts over which they have discretionary authority.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof.
Lock-Up Agreements
We and our officers and directors, and the holders of 3% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, as of the effective date of the Registration Statement, have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, for a period of 180 days after the closing of this offering, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock either owned as of the date of the underwriting agreement or thereafter acquired without the prior written consent of the Representative. The Representative may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.
64
Pricing of this Offering
Prior to this offering, except for the quotation of our common stock on the OTCQB, there has not been an active market for our common stock and there has been no public market for our warrants. The public offering price for our Units will be determined through negotiations between us and the underwriters. Among the factors to be considered in these negotiations will be prevailing market conditions, our financial information, market valuations of other companies that we and the underwriters believe to be comparable to us, estimates of our business potential, the present state of our development and other factors deemed relevant.
We offer no assurances that the public offering price of our Units will correspond to the price at which our common stock will trade in the public market subsequent to this offering or that an active trading market for our common stock will develop and continue after this offering.
Representative’s Warrants
We have agreed to issue to the Representative (or its permitted assignees) warrants to purchase up to a total of shares of common stock (8% of the shares of common stock included in the Units, excluding the over-allotment, if any). The warrants will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing six months from the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and will expire five years from such effective date, which period is in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(A). The warrants are exercisable at a per share price equal to $15.43 per share, or 125% of the assumed public offering price per Unit in the offering (based on the assumed public offering price of $12.34 per Unit). The warrants have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1) of FINRA. The Representative (or permitted assignees under Rule 5110(e)) will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate these warrants or the securities underlying these warrants, nor will they engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the warrants or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days from the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part; provided, however, that the exceptions listed under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2) shall apply. We have agreed to a one-time demand registration of our shares of common stock underlying the Representative’s Warrants at our expense for a period of five years from the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering and an additional demand registration at the holders’ expense for a period of five years from the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering. The Representative’s Warrants also provide for unlimited “piggyback” registration rights at our expense with respect to the underlying shares of common stock during the five-year period commencing from the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering. We will bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the securities issuable on exercise of the warrants other than underwriting commissions incurred and payable by the holders. The exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, extraordinary cash dividend or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrant exercise price or underlying shares will not be adjusted for issuances of shares of common stock at a price below the warrant exercise price. In addition, the holders thereof shall have the right to exercise the warrants via a cashless exercise feature, and on the expiration date of such warrants, they shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to the terms of such warrants.
Right of First Refusal and Certain Post-Offering Investments
Subject to the closing of this offering and certain conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, for a period of eighteen (18) months after the closing of the offering, the Representative shall have a right of first refusal to act as lead managing underwriter and book-runner and/or placement agent for any and all future public or private equity, equity-linked or debt (excluding commercial bank debt) offerings undertaken during such period by us, or any of our successors or subsidiaries, on terms customary to the Representative. The Representative in conjunction with us, shall have the sole right to determine whether or not any other broker-dealer shall have the right to participate in any such offering and the economic terms of any such participation. In addition, we have also agreed that in the event any investor previously directly introduced to us by the underwriters subsequently provides capital to us in any transaction, other than via any exercise of warrants issued in this offering, for a period of eighteen (18) months following the closing of the offering, we will pay the underwriters a cash fee of 8.0% of the gross proceeds on any such investments.
65
Subsequent Equity Sales; Capital Changes
Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, subject to certain exceptions, from the date of such agreement until 120 days after the closing date of the offering, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall issue, or solicit, negotiate with, or enter into any agreement with any source of financing (whether equity, debt or otherwise) other than the Representative, in connection with an offering or proposed offering of the Company’s debt or equity securities or any other financing by the Company, and the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of common stock or common stock equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in such underwriting agreement). In addition, until 120 days after the closing of this offering and except for the Reverse Stock Split, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of its common stock without the prior written consent of the Representative.
Trading; NASDAQ Capital Market Listing
Our common stock is presently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “DUKR.” We intend to apply to list our common stock and warrants on Nasdaq under the symbols “DUKR” and “DUKRW”, respectively. No assurance can be given that our listing application will be approved by Nasdaq.
Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
In connection with this offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act:
| ● | Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase securities so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. | |
| ● | Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of securities in excess of the number of securities the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of securities over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of securities that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of securities involved is greater than the number of securities in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing securities in the open market. | |
| ● | Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of securities to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of securities available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase securities through the over-allotment option. A naked short position occurs if the underwriters sell more securities than could be covered by the over-allotment option. This position can only be closed out by buying securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the securities in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. | |
| ● | Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when securities originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. |
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the securities. As a result, the price of our shares of common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.
Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our shares of common stock. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make any representation that the underwriters will engage in these transactions or that any transaction, if commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
66
Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Units
This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the underwriters, or by their affiliates. Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriters’ websites and any information contained in any other websites maintained by the underwriters is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriters in their capacity as underwriters, and should not be relied upon by investors.
Other Relationships
From time to time, the underwriters and/or their affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services it has received and, may in the future receive, customary fees. Except for the services provided in connection with this offering and other than as described below, the underwriters have not provided any investment banking or other financial services during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus.
Offers Outside the United States
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered by this prospectus have been passed upon for the Company by Sullivan & Worcester LLP. Harter Secrest & Emery LLP is acting as counsel for the underwriters in this offering.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Duke Robotics Corp. as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025, have been included herein in reliance upon the report of Somekh Chaikin, a member firm of KPMG International, independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The audit report covering the December 31, 2025 consolidated financial statements contains an explanatory paragraph that states that the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit that raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of that uncertainty.
67
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act, with respect to the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and its exhibits. For further information with respect to us and the common stock offered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and its exhibits. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference. All filings we make with the SEC are available on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at 10 HaRimon Street, Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel, 2069203 or contacting us at +972-054-5707050.
We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available on the website of the SEC referred to above. We maintain a website at www.datastoragecorp.com. You may access our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge or at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, or the registration statement to which this prospectus forms a part, the information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus, or the registration statement.
68
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
(FORMERLY UAS DRONE CORP.)
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG Somekh Chaikin
KPMG Millennium Tower
17 Ha’arba’a street, PO Box 609
Tel Aviv 6100601 Israel
+972 3 684 8000
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
DUKE Robotics Corp.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DUKE Robotics Corp. and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
KPMG Somekh Chaikin, an Israeli partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee.
F-2
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of warrant liability
As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, as part of the private placement offering completed on December 30, 2025, the Company issued investors warrants to purchase 83,338 Company’s Common Stock. The warrants have been classified as a liability instrument because of a make-whole provision. The warrants are recorded at fair value amounting to $189 thousand as of December 31, 2025 and will be remeasured at fair value at each reporting date. The Company used both the Monte Carlo Simulation Model and Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the warrant liability. Key inputs to the models included the Company’s underlying share price, conversion price, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected term in years, expected offering date and expected volatility.
We identified the evaluation of the fair value of the warrant liability as a critical audit matter. A high degree of auditor judgment, and specialized skills and knowledge, were required in the evaluation of the estimated fair value due to the degree of subjectivity associated with the expected volatility and its sensitivity to variation.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design of certain internal controls over the Company’s warrant liability valuation process, including controls related to the determination of the expected volatility. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
| ● | assessing the expected volatility by comparing it against publicly available market data of comparable companies. |
| ● | developing an independent range of the fair value of the warrant liability, using independently developed assumptions, including expected volatility, and comparing the independently developed ranges to the respective fair value of the warrant liability recorded by the Company as of December 31, 2025. |
/s/ Somekh Chaikin
Member Firm of KPMG International
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
Tel Aviv, Israel
March 12, 2026
F-3
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(USD in thousands except share and per share data)
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Restricted Cash | ||||||||
| Trade receivables | ||||||||
| Other current assets (Note 3) | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset and lease deposit (Note 4) | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net (Note 5) | ||||||||
| Total Assets | ||||||||
| Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability | ||||||||
| Other liabilities (Note 6) | ||||||||
| Stock purchase warrants liability (Note 9B) | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Related parties loans (Note 7) | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability (Note 4) | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity (**) (Note 9) | ||||||||
| Common stock of US$ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| (*) |
| (**) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-4
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(USD in thousands except share and per share data)
| Year ended | ||||||||
| December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenues (Note 12) | ||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses (Note 11) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Financing income (expenses), net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other loss | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss) - Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss per share (basic and diluted) (*) (Note 14) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding (*) | ||||||||
| (*) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-5
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (**)
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Number of Shares | Amount | Additional paid-in capital | Foreign currency translation adjustments | Accumulated deficit | Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) | |||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation for services | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants modification (note 9) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2024 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation for services | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitment to issue shares under private placement securities purchase agreement (“PIPE Agreement”) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2025 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (*) |
| (**) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-6
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Year ended | ||||||||
| December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss for the year | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Adjustments required to reconcile net loss for the year to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| Share based compensation | ||||||||
| Interest on loans from related parties | ||||||||
| Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Change in operating lease liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss from sale of property and equipment | ||||||||
| Increase in trade receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Decrease (increase) in other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Increase (decrease) in accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Increase in other liabilities | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from PIPE Agreement | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR | ||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF YEAR | ||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Non cash transactions: | ||||||||
| Initial recognition of operating lease | ||||||||
| Purchase of fixed assets in trade in transaction | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-7
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 1 – GENERAL
| A. | DUKE ROBOTICS CORP. (FORMERLY UAS DRONE CORP.) (“the Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on February 4, 2015. |
On March 9, 2020, the Company closed on the Share Exchange Agreement (as defined hereunder), pursuant to which, Duke Robotics, Inc. (“Duke Inc.”) a corporation incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware, became a majority-owned subsidiary of the Company. Duke Inc. has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Duke Airborne Systems Ltd. (“Duke Israel,” and collectively with Duke Inc., “Duke”), which was formed under the laws of the State of Israel in March 2014 and became the sole subsidiary of Duke after its incorporation.
On April 29, 2020, the Company, Duke
Inc., and UAS Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“UAS Sub”), executed
an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which UAS Sub merged with and into Duke Inc., with
Duke Inc. surviving as our wholly-owned subsidiary (the “Short-Form Merger”). Upon closing of the Short-Form Merger, each
outstanding share of UAS Sub’s common stock, par value $
Following the above transactions, Duke Israel became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Duke Inc., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
On February 18, 2025, the Company established Duke Robotics Hellas M I.K.E (“Duke Greece”), a wholly owned subsidiary, formed under the laws of Greece, to support the ongoing global commercialization efforts of the Company’s Insulator Cleaning (“IC”) Drone system.
The Company (collectively with Duke, the “Group”) is a robotics company dedicated to developing an advanced robotics stabilization system that enables remote, real-time, pinpoint accurate firing of small arms and light weapons as well as other civilian applications, with an emphasis in the field of routine infrastructure maintenance. The Company offers high-voltage insulator washing abilities using its innovative Insulator Cleaning (“IC”) Drone system. This technology provides an efficient and safe method for cleaning high-voltage insulators, improving their performance, enhancing safety, and reducing maintenance costs.
On October 28, 2024, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Nevada Secretary of State to change the Company’s corporate name from UAS Drone Corp. to DUKE Robotics Corp. effective as of November 4, 2024.
The Company’s Common Stock is quoted on the OTC Markets Group, Inc.’s OTCQB® tier Venture Market, under the symbol “DUKR” (“USDR” prior to November 4, 2024).
| B. | Reverse stock split |
On February 15, 2026, the Company’s
Board of Directors approved a 25-for-1 reverse stock split Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s issued
and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $
F-8
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 1 – GENERAL (continued)
All shares, stock option and per share information in these consolidated financial statements have been restated to reflect the Reverse Stock Split on a retroactive basis.
| C. | Going concern uncertainty |
Since inception, the Company has incurred
significant losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $
Based on the projected cash flows and cash balances as of December 31, 2025, management currently is of the opinion that its existing cash will be sufficient to fund operations for at least the end of 2026. As a result, there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Management plans to continue securing sufficient financing through the sale of additional equity securities or capital inflows from strategic partnerships. Additional funds may not be available when the Company needs them, on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company is unsuccessful in securing sufficient financing, it may need to cease operations.
The financial statements do not include adjustments for measurement or presentation of assets and liabilities, which may be required should the Company fail to operate as a going concern.
| D. | In October 2023, a large-scale terrorist attack in southern Israel led to the outbreak of armed conflict between Israel and Hamas. The conflict subsequently expanded to additional regional fronts and contributed to a period of heightened geopolitical and security instability in the region. |
During 2024 and 2025, hostilities included military operations in Lebanon and direct confrontations involving Iran. These developments increased regional uncertainty and, at times, resulted in temporary disruptions to the Company’s operations in Israel, including limited interruptions to routine business activities.
In September 2025, a ceasefire agreement was reached between Israel and Hamas, and all remaining living Israeli hostages were released and returned to Israel. While the ceasefire has generally held as of the date of these financial statements, the security situation remains sensitive, and the potential for renewed hostilities or broader regional escalation cannot be ruled out. More recently, on February 28, 2026, hostilities between Israel and Iran escalated again. Israel, together with the United States, conducted a major joint military campaign of air and missile strikes against targets in Iran, which triggered a broad Iranian response and contributed to significant regional instability. The situation remains highly fluid, and we are unable to predict when, or on what terms, this escalation will be resolved. Accordingly, the extent of the continued impact on the Company’s operations and financial results, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
Given that the majority of the Company’s operations are conducted in Israel, and that all members of the Company’s board of directors and management, as well as most employees, consultants, and service providers, are located in Israel, the Company is directly affected by the economic, political, geopolitical, and military conditions impacting the region. As of December 31, 2025, while ceasefire arrangements with Hamas, Lebanon and Iran were generally in effect and large-scale military operations had subsided, the overall security environment in Israel and the surrounding region remained unstable and unpredictable. The recent hostilities resulted in temporary disruptions to the Company’s operations, resulting in a decrease in revenues during certain periods in 2025, and may continue to have an adverse impact on certain business activities. Any further escalation or expansion of the conflict could negatively affect both regional and global conditions, and may adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
F-9
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
| A. | Principles of Consolidation |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries Duke Inc., Duke Israel and Duke Greece. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
| B. | Use of Estimates in the preparation of financial statements |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, certain revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As applicable to these financial statements, the most significant estimates and judgments involve valuation of equity and liability classified stock purchase warrants.
| C. | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments which include short term bank deposits (up to three months from date of deposit), that are not restricted as to withdrawals or use that are readily convertible to cash with maturities of three months or less as of the date acquired.
| D. | Functional currency |
Most of the Group’s costs are denominated and determined in dollars. Management believes that the dollar is the currency in the primary economic environment in which the Group operates. Thus, the functional and reporting currency of the Group is the U.S. dollar.
The functional currency of Duke Greece is the Euro, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which that subsidiary operates.
Transactions and monetary balances in other currencies are translated into the functional currency using the current exchange rate. Such remeasurement is performed in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”, and remeasurement gains and losses are reflected in the statements of comprehensive loss as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.
F-10
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
| E. | Property, plant and equipment, net |
| 1. | Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition is reflected in the Statements of Comprehensive Loss. |
| 2. |
| % | ||||
| Furniture and office equipment | ||||
| Computers | ||||
| Drones | ||||
| Vehicles | ||||
| Office improvements | ||||
| F. | Impairment of long-lived assets |
The Group’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. No impairment expenses were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024.
F-11
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
| G. | Income taxes |
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. The Group accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Accordingly, deferred taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax law. Deferred tax balances are computed using the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when these differences reverse. Valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets are provided for, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts more likely than not to be realized.
The Group accounts for tax positions in accordance with ASC Topic 740-10, which prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of tax positions in an enterprise’s financial statements. According to ASC Topic 740-10, tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. Recognized tax positions are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized. The Company’s accounting policy is to classify interest and penalties relating to income taxes under income taxes, however the Company did not recognize such items in its fiscal 2025 and 2024 financial statements and did not record any unrecognized tax benefits in its balance sheets.
| H. | Revenue recognition |
The Group provides services to customers and has related performance obligations and recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Revenues are recognized when the Group satisfies performance obligations under the terms of its contracts, and control of its services or products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products. This process involves identifying the customer contract, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or product to a customer, meaning the customer has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefit of the product. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient provided in ASC 606-10-55-18, which allows revenue to be recognized in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice. This method is applied to contracts where the invoicing aligns with the performance obligations satisfied over time. (see note 12).
| I. | Research and development expenses |
Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred.
| J. | Basic and diluted loss per share |
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the loss for the period applicable to shareholders, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.
In computing diluted loss per share, basic loss per share is adjusted to reflect the potential dilution that could occur upon the exercise of potential shares. Accordingly, in 2025 and 2024, no potential shares are considered.
F-12
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
| K. | Stock-based compensation |
The Company measures and recognizes the compensation expense for all equity-based payments to non employees directors and officers based on their estimated fair values in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. Share-based payments including grants of stock options are recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss as an operating expense based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company has expensed compensation costs, net of forfeitures, over the requisite service period.
| L. | Concentrations of credit risk |
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents as well as certain other current assets that do not amount to a significant amount. Cash and cash equivalents, which are primarily held in Dollars and New Israeli Shekels, are deposited with major banks in Israel and the United States. Management believes that such financial institutions are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these financial instruments. The Company does not have any significant off-balance-sheet concentration of credit risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.
| M. | Commitments and Contingencies |
The Company records accruals for loss contingencies arising from claims, litigation and other sources when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
| N. | Fair Value Measurements |
Fair value of certain of the Company’s financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, account payable, accrued expenses, accounts payable, and other accrued liabilities approximate cost because of their short maturities. The Company measures and reports fair value in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure” (“ASC 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value investments.
Fair value, as defined in ASC 820, is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of an asset should reflect its highest and best use by market participants, principal (or most advantageous) markets, and an in-use or an in-exchange valuation premise. The fair value of a liability should reflect the risk of non-performance, which includes, among other things, the Company’s credit risk.
Valuation techniques are generally classified into three categories: the market approach; the income approach; and the cost approach. The selection and application of one or more of the techniques may require significant judgment and are primarily dependent upon the characteristics of the asset or liability, and the quality and availability of inputs. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 also provides fair value hierarchy for inputs and resulting measurement as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.
F-13
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that are supported by little or no market activity, and that are significant to the fair values.
Fair value measurements are required to be disclosed by the Level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall. Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (in Level 3 measurements) are subject to expanded disclosure requirements including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes during the period attributable to the following: total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings, and a description of where those gains or losses included in earning are reported in the statement of comprehensive loss.
The Company’s financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
| As of December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| US$ | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock purchase warrants liability | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||
| O. | Leases |
The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception.
Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Group’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses the incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of one of its leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in statement of comprehensive loss.
F-14
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
| P. | New Accounting Pronouncements |
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Income Taxes: In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU (“Accounting Standard Update”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). The amendments in this ASU add specific requirements for income tax disclosures to improve transparency and decision usefulness. The guidance in ASU 2023-09 requires that public business entities disclose specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional qualitative information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, the amendments in ASU 2023-09 require that all entities disclose the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and disaggregated by individual jurisdictions. The ASU also includes other disclosure amendments related to the disaggregation of income tax expense between federal, state and foreign taxes. The guidance is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2025. The amendments in this update were applied on a prospective basis, and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, but resulted in enhanced income tax disclosures.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 Income Statement- Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU improves the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and provides more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period an entity will, inter alia, disclose amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization included in each relevant expense caption (such as cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and research and development). Amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disclosed will be described qualitatively. Certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under currently effective U.S GAAP will be included in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements. The amendments also require disclosing the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, the definition of selling expenses. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the guidance in Topic 270 to improve the consistency of interim financial reporting. The ASU provides a comprehensive list of required interim disclosures and introduces a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. ASU 2025-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
F-15
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 3 – OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Prepaid and deferred expenses | ||||||||
| Government Institutions | ||||||||
NOTE 4 – LEASES
| A. | On April 4, 2022, the Company signed a lease agreement for an office space in Mevo Carmel Science and Industry Park, Israel for a term of |
| B. |
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Operating lease expense | ||||||||
| C. |
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash): | ||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
F-16
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 4 – LEASES (continued)
| D. |
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Operating leases: | ||||||||
| Operating leases right-of-use asset and lease deposit | ||||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | % | % | ||||||
| E. |
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total operating lease payments | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of lease liabilities |
NOTE 5 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Computers | ||||||||
| Furniture and office equipment | ||||||||
| Drones | ||||||||
| Vehicles | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Less - accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total property and equipment, net | ||||||||
F-17
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 5 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (continued)
In the years ended December 31, 2025
and 2024, depreciation expenses amounted to $
NOTE 6 – OTHER LIABILITIES
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
NOTE 7 – RELATED PARTIES LOANS
The Company has outstanding loans
with related parties. The loans bear an annual fixed interest rate of
NOTE 8 – CONTINGENCIES
On March 23, 2025, a complaint was filed against Duke Israel, by LOOL T.V. Ltd. (the “Plaintiff”), an Israeli company, in the Tel Aviv-Yafo Magistrate’s Court (the “Court”). The complaint asserts that pursuant to an agreement of principles between Duke Israel and the Plaintiff, Duke Israel is in breach of the agreement, specifically with respect to an allegation that the parties were required to set up a partnership with respect to certain services provided to the Israel Electric Corporation (the “IEC”). The complaint asserts a claim for breach of contract, unlawful use of intellectual property that is not exclusively owned by Duke Israel and unjust enrichment with regards to the agreement of principles. In addition, the Plaintiff’s complaint seeks an order for a permanent injunction to prevent Duke Israel from continuing providing these services to the IEC, and an order to enforce the agreement of principles ordering Duke Israel to act as necessary to establish a partnership or joint venture.
The Company filed a statement of defense against the complaint and denied the allegations and asserted that the complaint was without merit.
On February 26, 2026, following a notice submitted by the Plaintiff, the Court ordered the deletion of the complaint without a ruling on the merits. The Court further ordered the Plaintiff to pay Duke Israel legal expenses and provided that, should the Plaintiff file a new claim, an additional expenses will be payable as a condition for filing such new claim.
In light of the deletion of the complaint, the Company does not believe that the matter will impact the continued performance of the agreement between Duke Israel and IEC or have a material effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.
No accrual was made in the financial statements as of December 31, 2025 in respect of the above complaint.
F-18
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 9 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Description of the rights attached to the Shares in the Company:
Common stock:
The holders of shares of common stock vote together as one class on all matters as to which holders of common stock are entitled to vote. Except as otherwise required by applicable law and subject to the preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock, all voting rights are vested in and exercised by the holders of common stock with each share of Company’s common stock being entitled to one vote, including in all elections of directors. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of the common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior liquidation rights of preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. The common stock has no cumulative voting rights and no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for shares of the Company. There is no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All shares of common stock currently outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no outstanding preferred stock.
On October 15, 2025, the Company filed
a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Nevada Secretary of State, to increase its authorized shares of common
stock, from
Transactions:
| A. | On May 11, 2021, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with eight (8) non-U.S. investors,
pursuant to which the Company, in a private placement offering (the “Offering”), agreed to issue and sell to the investors
an aggregate of: (i) |
On May 11, 2021, the Company signed
a service agreement with a non U.S. third party pursuant to which the service provider agreed to provide the Company with financial and
project oversight services with respect to the Offering. Pursuant to the service agreement, the Company agreed to pay the service provider
(1)
In the event that the investors that
participated in the Offering exercise their Warrants, the service provider shall be entitled to receive an additional payment of (1)
On April 5, 2022, the Company and the investors executed a warrant amendment agreement, such that the term of the Warrants was extended so that they expire on November 11, 2023.
F-19
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 9 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)
On November 1, 2023, the Company and the investors executed an addition warrant amendment agreement, such that the term of the Warrants was extended so that they expire on November 11, 2024 (see also Note 17(2)).
On June 20, 2024, the Company entered
into a warrant amendment agreement with the existing Warrant (the “June 2024 Amendment”). According to the June 2024 Amendment
agreement, the Company and Holders agreed to (i) extend the warrant exercise term to May 11, 2026; (ii) amend the warrant exercise price
and increase it from $
The Company accounted for the Warrant amendments as deemed dividends. The fair value of the Warrant modifications was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is presented within the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders equity as a credit to additional paid in capital and a debit to the accumulated deficit.
The following are the data and assumptions used:
| November 1, 2023 | June 20, 2024 | |||||||
| Dividend yield | ||||||||
| Expected volatility (%) | % | % | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate (%) | % | % | ||||||
| Contractual term of options (years) | ||||||||
| Exercise price (US dollars) | ||||||||
| Share price (US dollars) | ||||||||
| Fair value (USD in thousands) | ||||||||
| B. | On December 30, 2025, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (each a “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with seven non-U.S. investors (the “2025 Investors”), pursuant to which the Company, in a private placement offering (the “2025 Offering”), agreed to issue and sell to the 2025 Investors an aggregate of: (i) |
F-20
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 9 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)
The Company analyzed the 2025 Offering
in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The make whole provision included
in the 2025 Offering provides the 2025 Investors option to adjust the 2025 Offering strike price with a
The Company also concluded that the make-whole provision is not legally detachable and cannot be separately exercised, and therefore cannot be considered as a freestanding instrument. Accordingly, the 2025 Warrants, inclusive of the make-whole provision, are accounted for as a single liability-classified instrument. The 2025 Warrants are initially recorded at fair value and will be remeasured at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations until settlement or expiration.
The Company using a third-party specialist allocated the total proceeds to the 2025 Warrants liability and to equity.
Warrant liability
The fair value of the 2025 Warrants liability was calculated as the sum of the 2025 Warrants issued and the make-whole provision.
The fair value of the 2025 Warrants was calculated based on the probability
of the expected offering date, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the make-whole provision was calculated using the Monte
Carlo Simulation Model. The 2025 Warrants was estimated at $
The assumptions used to perform the calculations are detailed below:
| December 30, 2025 | ||||
| Expected volatility (%) | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate (%) | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
| Expected term (years) | ||||
| Conversion price (U.S. dollars) | ||||
| Underlying share price (U.S. dollars) | ||||
| Fair value (U.S. dollars in thousands) | ||||
Fair Value Proportional Allocation
Based on the above, the fair value proportion allocation as of December 31, 2025 was as follows:
| December 31, 2025 |
||||
| Equity component | ||||
| 2025 Warrants Liability | ||||
| Total | ||||
F-21
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 9 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)
| C. | On December 30, 2025, the Company signed a service agreement with a
non U.S. third party pursuant to which the service provider agreed to provide the Company with financial and project oversight services
with respect to the 2025 Offering. Pursuant to the service agreement, the Company agreed to pay the service provider (1) |
In the event that the 2025 investors
that participated in the 2025 Offering exercise their 2025 Warrants, the service provider shall be entitled to receive an additional payment
of (1)
As of December 31, 2025, aggregate gross proceeds of $
The Company determined that the 2025 Warrants meet the criteria for equity classification in accordance with
ASC 718. The fair value of the warrants granted to the service provider, were estimated at approximately $
NOTE 10 – SHARE BASED COMPENSATION
On May 27, 2021, the board of directors
of the Company approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) pursuant to which the Company may issue awards, from
time to time, consisting of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock grants and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). In addition,
stock option awards that qualify under Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance (New Version) 1961 (the “ITO”), and/or under
Section 3(i) of the ITO, may be granted. On March 18, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved an increase in the number of
shares of common stock available under the 2021 Plan from
On March 18, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved the
issuance of
| 2025 | ||||
| Dividend yield | ||||
| Expected volatility (%) (*) | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate (%) (**) | % | |||
| Expected term of options (years) (***) | ||||
| Exercise price (US dollars) | ||||
| Share price (US dollars) | ||||
| Fair value (US dollars) | ||||
| (*) |
| (**) |
| (***) |
F-22
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 10 – SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued)
The following table presents the Company’s stock option activity:
| Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
| Outstanding at December 31,2023 | ||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | ||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31,2024 | ||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | ||||||||
| Outstanding on December 31, 2025 | ||||||||
| Number of options exercisable on December 31, 2025 | ||||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value of the awards outstanding as of December
31, 2025 is $
The stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2025, have been separated into exercise prices, as follows:
| Exercise price | Stock options outstanding | Weighted average remaining contractual life – years | Stock options exercisable | |||||||||
| As of December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
The stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024, have been separated into exercise prices, as follows:
| Exercise price | Stock options outstanding | Weighted average remaining contractual life – years | Stock options vested | |||||||||
| As of December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024,
there was $
F-23
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 11 – GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Professional services | ||||||||
| Share base compensation | ||||||||
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Rent and office maintenance | ||||||||
| Levies and tolls | ||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| Promotions | ||||||||
| Other expenses | ||||||||
NOTE 12 – AGREEMENTS
| 1. | On January 29, 2021, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Duke Israel and Elbit Systems Land Ltd., an Israeli corporation (“Elbit”), entered into a Collaboration Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) for the global marketing and sales, and the production and further development of Duke Israel’s developed advanced robotic system mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Solution (“UAS”), armed with lightweight firearms, which the Company markets under the commercial name “TIKAD.” |
Pursuant to the Agreement, Duke Israel granted Elbit a worldwide exclusive license for the use of Duke Israel’s know-how and intellectual property and the marketing, sales, production, and further development of the TIKAD for military, defense, homeland security, and para-military uses.
As consideration for granting the worldwide
exclusive license, Elbit will pay Duke royalties from revenues received from worldwide sales of TIKAD, with royalty rates ranging from
low to mid-double-figure percentages, depending on the tiers of the selling price of TIKAD, for a period starting from the date of the
Agreement until
In the second quarter of 2025, the Company recognized revenues from royalties for sales of Elbit’s “Bird of Prey” stabilized weapons drone systems (formerly marketed under Company’s commercial name “TIKAD”), pursuant to the Company’s Collaboration Agreement with Elbit signed on January 29, 2021. The Company analyzed such revenues under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
In addition, on March 24, 2025, the Company and Elbit agreed to expand the Collaboration Agreement to allow the Company to market the stabilized weapons drone system technology that Elbit has been marketing and deploying under the brand name “Bird of Prey” to military, defense, home-land security and para-military customers, in coordination with Elbit. The Company will be entitled to a commission fee, in the mid-single figure percentage range, from transactions resulting from its marketing activities, in addition to the royalties the Company is entitled to receive as part of the original Collaboration Agreement.
F-24
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 12 – AGREEMENTS (continued)
Pursuant to the terms of the Collaboration
Agreement, the parties also agreed to cooperate in continuing a project (the “Project”) that has already started with a customer
in the Asia Pacific region. Per the Collaboration Agreement, Duke Israel shall be entitled to portion of the revenues generated in the
Evaluation Phase of the Project. In addition, Elbit has agreed to invest, at its discretion and pursuant to certain milestones, in the
further development and setting up of serial production lines of TIKAD, and may elect to increase such investment subject to the satisfaction
of certain criteria, including Elbit’s right to terminate the Collaboration Agreement if, for example, the Project is cancelled
by the customer. Such investment amounts will be made into Elbit’s owned assets and production lines of TIKAD. Elbit will recoup
| 2. | On August 15, 2022, Duke Israel, signed a Collaboration and Development Agreement with the IEC, to perform
a test pilot together with IEC of a robotic drone-enabled system for cleaning electric utility insulators to be developed by Duke Israel
for a total amount of $ |
Following the successful pilot program conducted with the IEC, in August 2024, the Company, through Duke Israel, entered into an agreement with the IEC to provide high-voltage insulator washing services using the innovative IC Drone system.
Under the terms of the agreement, the IEC will receive washing services for its high-voltage electric insulators using the IC Drone system and Duke Israel. will receive compensation in New Israeli Shekels (NIS) in an amount totaling in the low seven figures (in NIS) during the period that services are provided. The Company accounts for the contract as a single performance obligation and recognizes revenue once it has a right to issue an invoice for the services provided. Additionally, as part of the agreement, the IEC has committed to a minimum guaranteed paid utilization of the service, amounting to approximately half of the total contract value described above, within the first year of the agreement. This contract primarily accounts for the revenues recognized during 2025. On May 27, 2025, IEC extended the agreement for an additional year.
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAX
U.S. resident companies are taxed on
their worldwide income for corporate income tax purposes at a statutory rate of
Income of the Israeli company is taxable
from 2018 onwards, at corporate tax rate of
The Company and subsidiaries have not received final tax assessments since their inceptions although the tax reports of Duke Israel for the years ended by December 31, 2019 are deemed to be final.
F-25
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAX (continued)
As of December 31, 2025, the Company and subsidiaries have operating
loss carry forwards of approximately $
| A. |
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US Dollars | ||||||||
| United States | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Foreign | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| B. |
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| US Dollars | % | |||||||
| Tax at U.S. Statutory Rate | % | |||||||
| State and Local Income Taxes | ||||||||
| Foreign Tax Effects: | ||||||||
| Israel: | ||||||||
| Changes in statutory tax rates | % | |||||||
| Other foreign jurisdictions | % | |||||||
| Effect of Cross-Border Tax Laws | ||||||||
| Foreign tax credit for withholding taxes | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Tax Credits | ||||||||
| Changes in Valuation Allowances | ( | ) | ( | )% | ||||
| Changes in Unrecognized Tax Benefits | ( | ) | ( | )% | ||||
| Remeasurement of deferred taxes for foreign currency effects | % | |||||||
| Effective Tax Rate | ||||||||
F-26
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAX (continued)
| C. |
| Year ended December 31 | ||||
| 2024 | ||||
| US Dollars | ||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ||
| U.S federal statutory income tax rate | % | |||
| Income tax computed at the statutory income tax rate | ||||
| Impact of differences in statutory income tax rates | ||||
| Remeasurement of deferred taxes for foreign currency effects | ||||
| Deferred taxes assets recognition for prior years | ||||
| Change in valuation allowance | ( | ) | ||
| D. |
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Composition of deferred tax assets: | US Dollars | |||||||
| Operating loss carry-forwards | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||
| Other temporary differences | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Composition of deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||
| Right-of-use asset | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
F-27
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 14 – LOSS PER SHARE
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of shares of common stock used in computing basic and diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, are as follows:
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Number of shares | ||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding attributable to shareholders | ||||||||
| Total weighted average number of shares of common stock related to outstanding options and warrants, excluded from the calculations of diluted loss per share | ||||||||
NOTE 15 – RELATED PARTIES
| A. |
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| General and administrative expenses: | ||||||||
| Directors and Officers compensation (*) | ||||||||
| (*) Share base compensation | ||||||||
| Financing: | ||||||||
| Financing expense | ||||||||
| B. | Balances with related parties: |
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Other accounts liabilities | ||||||||
| Loans | ||||||||
F-28
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 15 – RELATED PARTIES (continued)
| C. | On August 4, 2024, the Company entered into a first amendment to service agreement with Mr. Balucka pursuant
to which his monthly fee was increased, from NIS |
| D. | On March 18, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved the following grants pursuant to the 2021 Plan (see also note 10 above): |
(i) Options to
purchase
(ii) Options to
purchase
(iii) Options
to purchase
(iv) Options to
purchase
F-29
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(USD in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 16 – SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has
The chief operating decision maker evaluates segment performance primarily based on segment operating loss.
The Company refined the name of the segment previously referred to as ‘Revenue from drones insulators washing’ to ‘Revenues from civil applications segment’ to better reflect its nature. The change had no impact on the composition or nature of the segment’s activities.
The following table presents information about the Company’s reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Revenue related to the Company’s reportable segments is as follows:
| Year ended | ||||||||
| December 31 | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenue from civil applications segment | ||||||||
| Cost of revenues from civil applications segment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||
| Gross profit from other revenues | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Professional services | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Share base compensation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other general and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Other expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | (1,241 | ) | (985 | ) | ||||
For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s operations were mostly confined to Israel.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, all of the fixed assets of the Company were located in Israel and Greece.
NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
| 1. | In January 2026, the Company completed the issuance of |
| 2. | On March 10, 2026, we entered into an additional warrant amendment agreement with the Investors pursuant to which we extended the term of the Warrants, to expire on May 1, 2031. |
| 3. | On March 10, 2026, the board of directors of the Company approved the issuance of 140,000 options for employees, directors and consultants
pursuant to the 2021 Plan and in addition an increase in the number of shares of common stock available under the 2021 Plan from |
| 4. | On March 9, 2026, Sagiv Aharon resigned from the Board of the Directors of the Company. On March 10, 2026 the Company’s Board
of directors approved a consulting agreement with Mr. Sagiv according to which effective as for the same date he will join the Company’s
Advisory Board and be entitled for a monthly fee of $ |
F-30
648,298 Units
Each Unit Consisting of
One Share of Common Stock and
One Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
Sole Book-Running Manager
Maxim Group LLC
, 2026
Through and including , 2026 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.
The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION | DATED FEBRUARY 21, 2023 |
170,954 shares of Common Stock
This prospectus relates to the resale by the Selling Stockholders identified in this prospectus of up to 170,954 shares of common stock of Duke Robotics Corp.
The Selling Stockholders are identified in the table commencing on page Alt-3. No shares of common stock are being registered hereunder for sale by us. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholders. All net proceeds from the sale of the shares covered by this prospectus will go to the Selling Stockholders (see “Use of Proceeds”). The Selling Stockholders may sell all or a portion of the shares of common stock from time to time in market transactions through any market on which our shares of common stock are then traded, in negotiated transactions or otherwise, and at prices and on terms that will be determined by the then prevailing market price or at negotiated prices directly or through a broker or brokers, who may act as agent or as principal or by a combination of such methods of sale (see “Plan of Distribution”). We have agreed to bear all of the expenses incurred in connection with the registration of Selling Stockholders’ shares of common stock under this prospectus. The Selling Stockholders will pay or assume discounts, commissions, fees of underwriters, selling brokers or dealer managers and similar expenses, if any, incurred for the sale of any shares pursuant to this prospectus.
We have applied to list our shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DUKR.” It is a condition to the closing of this offering that our shares of common stock qualify for listing on a national securities exchange.
Investing in our shares of common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of the Public Offering Prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), nor any state or other foreign securities commission has approved nor disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2026.
Alt-1
THE OFFERING
| Shares of common stock being offered | 170,954 shares of common stock. | |
| Shares of common stock outstanding after this offering | 3,079,635shares of common stock, assuming the issuance by us of 648,298 units pursuant to the Public Offering Prospectus filed contemporaneously herewith. | |
| Use of proceeds | We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock held by the Selling Stockholders being registered in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. | |
| Proposed symbol | Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “DUKR.” We have applied to have our common stock and warrants listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “DUKR” and “DUKRW,” respectively. We cannot guarantee that Nasdaq will approve our initial listing application for our common stock upon. If our listing application is not approved by Nasdaq, we will not be able to consummate this offering and will terminate the offering. | |
| Risk Factors | An investment in our shares of common stock involves a high degree of risk. See ”Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of the Public Offering Prospectus and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our shares of common stock. |
Alt-2
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Selling Stockholders will receive all of the proceeds from any sales of the shares of common stock offered hereby. However, we will incur expenses in connection with the registration of our shares of common stock offered hereby.
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
This prospectus covers the offering for resale of 170,954 shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholders. This prospectus and any prospectus supplement will only permit the Selling Stockholders to sell the number of shares of common stock identified in the column “Maximum Number of Shares to be Sold Pursuant to the Resale Prospectus.” The shares of common stock issued to the Selling Stockholders are “restricted” securities under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and are being registered to provide the Selling Stockholders the opportunity to sell those shares of common stock.
The following table sets forth the name of the Selling Stockholders who are offering the shares of common stock for resale by the Resale Prospectus, the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned by each such Selling Stockholder, the maximum number of shares that may be offered for resale by the Resale Prospectus and the number of shares each such Selling Stockholder will own after the offering, assuming each such Selling Stockholder sells the maximum number of shares to be sold by it pursuant to the Resale Prospectus. The information appearing in the table below is based on information provided by or on behalf of the named Selling Stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of the shares by the Selling Stockholders. The Selling Stockholders may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See ”Plan of Distribution” in the Resale Prospectus for additional information.
| Name of Selling Stockholder | Shares | Percentage Ownership Prior to Offering(1) | Maximum Number of Shares to be Sold Pursuant to this Prospectus | Percentage Ownership Immediately Following this Offering | Shares Owned Immediately After Sale of Maximum Number of Shares in this Offering | |||||||||||||||
| Neor El-Hay | 14,400 | (2) | * | % | 7,200 | (2) | * | % | 7,200 | |||||||||||
| Yehoshua Abramovich | 37,024 | (3) | 1.64 | % | 7,400 | (3) | * | % | 29,624 | |||||||||||
| Womble Enterprises LLC | 3,313 | * | % | 3,313 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Shaked Rakach | 47,697 | 2.11 | % | 47,697 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Noy Alroy Schnitzer | 31,798 | 1.41 | % | 31,798 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Ronen Waisserberg | 36,624 | (4) | 1.62 | % | 7,200 | (4) | * | % | 29,424 | |||||||||||
| Ori Raam | 14,400 | (5) | * | % | 7,200 | (5) | * | % | 7,200 | |||||||||||
| Chad Swan | 12,392 | * | % | 12,392 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate Profile LLC | 8,000 | * | % | 8,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Nehama Alroy | 38,754 | 1.71 | % | 38,754 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| * | less than 1% |
| (1) | Based on 2,260,383 shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the offering and not including any shares issued in our public offering. |
| (2) | Consists of 7,200 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,200 shares of common stock. The Company is registering 7,200 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus |
| (3) | Consists of 18,512 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 18,512 shares of common stock. The Company is registering 7,400 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus. |
| (4) | Consists of 7,200 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,200 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Waisserberg, and 11,112 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 11,112 shares of common stock held by A.S.T Investment House Ltd. and entity controlled by Mr. Waisserberg. The Company is registering 7,200 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus |
| (5) | Consists of 7,200 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,200 shares of common stock. The Company is registering 7,200 shares of common stock for resale pursuant to this prospectus. |
Alt-3
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Selling Stockholders and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock covered hereby on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares of common stock are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A Selling Stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling its shares of common stock:
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; |
| ● | block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; |
| ● | purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; |
| ● | privately negotiated transactions; |
| ● | settlement of short sales; |
| ● | in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the Selling Stockholders to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security; |
| ● | through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise; |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale; or |
| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. |
The Selling Stockholders may also sell their shares of common stock under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), if available, rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers engaged by a Selling Stockholder may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction, not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121, and, in the case of a principal transaction, a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.
In connection with the sale of the shares of common stock or interests therein, the Selling Stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the shares of common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholders may also sell shares of common stock short and deliver these shares to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the shares to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these shares. The Selling Stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
Alt-4
The Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares of common stock may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares of common stock purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The Selling Stockholders have informed us that they do not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the shares of common stock.
We are required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the shares of common stock.
We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the shares of common stock may be resold by the Selling Stockholders without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect; or (ii) all of the shares of common stock held by the Selling Stockholders have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect. The shares of common stock will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the shares of common stock covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the shares of common stock may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the shares of common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Stockholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Stockholders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
Eligibility of Restricted Shares for Sale in the Public Market
We have registered an aggregate of 170,954 shares of common stock for resale by the Selling Stockholders by means of this prospectus. Our directors, executive officers, and any other holder(s) of 3 percent or more of the outstanding shares, representing shares of common stock or % of our shares of common stock, will be subject to the contractual restrictions arising under the lock-up agreements described below.
The Selling Stockholders may also sell their shares of common stock under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act, if available.
All of the shares of common stock sold in this offering will be eligible for immediate sale upon the closing of this offering.
Lock-Up Agreements
We, all of our directors and executive officers and holders of 3% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock (including some of the Selling Stockholders) and our shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options and warrants have signed lock-up agreements. Pursuant to such lock-up agreements, such persons have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell or otherwise dispose of shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the underwriter in this offering, which may, in its sole discretion, at any time without prior notice, release all or any portion of the shares of common stock from the restrictions in any such agreement.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered by this prospectus have been passed upon for the Company by Sullivan & Worcester LLP.
Alt-5
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth an itemization of the various expenses, all of which we will pay, in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered, including the shares registered for sale by the Selling Stockholders. All of the amounts shown are estimated except the SEC Registration Fee and the FINRA filing fee.
| Approximate | ||||
| Amount | ||||
| SEC Registration Fee | $ | 3,321.85 | ||
| Nasdaq listing fees | * | |||
| FINRA filing fee | * | |||
| Fees of transfer agent and warrant agent | * | |||
| Accounting fees | * | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | * | |||
| Miscellaneous | * | |||
| Total | $ | |||
| * | To be added by amendment. |
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Nevada law provides that a Nevada corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of the corporation (i.e., a “non-derivative proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he or she:
| ● | Is not liable under Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statutes for breach of his or her fiduciary duties to the corporation; or | |
| ● | Acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. |
In addition, a Nevada corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor (i.e., a “derivative proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he:
| ● | Is not liable under Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statute for breach of his or her fiduciary duties to the corporation; or | |
| ● | Acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. |
II-1
Under Nevada law, indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.
To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any non-derivative proceeding or any derivative proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the corporation is obligated to indemnify him or her against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense.
Further, Nevada law permits a Nevada corporation to purchase and maintain insurance or to make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise for any liability asserted against him or her and liability and expenses incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify him or her against such liability and expenses.
Under our articles of incorporation, as amended, the liability of our officers and directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. If Nevada law is amended to further eliminate or limit, or authorize further corporate action to further eliminate or limit, the liability of officers and directors, the liability of officers and directors shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law then in effect.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors pursuant to which the Company agrees to indemnify said officer or director, to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law, against any and all losses resulting from any claims relating to the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Company. The indemnitee will be fully indemnified for any claims (i) to the extent that he or she was successful on the merits in defense of said claims in a court of law; or (ii) to the extent that he or she is serving as a witness and not as a party, in connection with said claim. If items (i) and (ii) do not apply, the Company will indemnify its directors and officers for any losses resulting from any claims, so long as they have complied with the applicable standard of conduct under Nevada law as determined by (i) a majority vote of disinterested directors; or (ii) the written opinion of independent counsel, as applicable. The indemnification agreement also provides the officer or director with the right to request that we advance their expenses prior to final disposition of the claim so long as they execute an undertaking to repay all advances in the event that a Nevada court ultimately determines that they were not entitled indemnification. The officer or director is required under the indemnification agreement to give us notice in writing of a claim as soon as practicable and we are not responsible to provide indemnification if we were not given a reasonable and timely opportunity to participate in the defense of the claim at our own expense.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
The Company plans to enter into an underwriting agreement in connection with this offering that provides that the underwriters are obligated, under some circumstances, to indemnify the Company’s directors, officers and controlling persons against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
II-2
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
In the three (3) years preceding the filing of this registration statement, we have issued the following securities that were not registered under the Securities Act.
On May 11, 2021, we issued 500,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock to eight non-U.S. investors, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5,000,000. The warrants were exercisable immediately for a term of 18 months at an exercise price of $10 per share.
We also issued to a non-U.S. service provider option to purchase units (each consisting of one share and one warrant) equal to 6% of the investment amount received, resulting in options exercisable for units including 120,000 warrants.
On April 5, 2022, and November 1, 2023, we extended the expiration dates of the warrants issued in the private placement.
On June 20, 2024, we amended the warrants to extend their expiration date to May 11, 2026, increase their exercise price from $10 to $16.25 per share, and added a 19.99% beneficial ownership blocker. These amendments did not involve the issuance of new securities. On March 10, 2026, we further extended the expiration dates of the warrants to May 1, 2031.
On December 30, 2025, we entered into securities purchase agreements with seven (7) non-U.S. investors, pursuant to which we, in a private placement offering, agreed to issue and sell to the investors an aggregate of: (i) 83,338 shares of our common stock at a price of $9.00 per share (the “Purchase Price”); and (ii) warrants to purchase 83,338 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $16.25 per share, are exercisable immediately and expire on November 30, 2026, subject to extension to May 30, 2028 if a public offering or other qualifying financing of at least $2,500,000 has not occurred prior to such date. In addition, the securities purchase agreement contains a make whole provision that provides for the investors to receive additional shares of common stock in the event that we consummate a firm-commitment underwritten public offering on a major stock exchange by November 30, 2026 at a price per share (after giving effect to a 20% discount) that is less than the Purchase Price. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $750,000 and the offering closed on January 6, 2026. Proceeds from the offering were used for general corporate purposes and working capital, including supporting our operational and commercialization initiatives.
The securities described in this section were issued to investors in reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, as set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder relative to transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering, to the extent an exemption from such registration was required. The recipients of the securities in the transactions described above acquired the securities for their own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution thereof. Appropriate legends were affixed to the instruments representing such securities issued in such transactions.
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) See the Exhibit Index on the page immediately preceding the signature page hereto for a list of exhibits filed as part of this registration statement on Form S-1, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) No financial statement schedules are provided because the information called for is not required or is shown either in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
Item 17. Undertakings
| (a) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Filing Fee Tables” or “Calculation of Registration Fee” table, as applicable, in the effective registration statement; |
II-3
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
| provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement or are contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of this registration statement. |
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
| (b) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| (c) | That, |
| (1) | For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. | |
| (2) | For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
The following exhibits to this registration statement are being filed with the Commission as exhibits to this registration statement on Form S-1 and are incorporated by reference.
II-4
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| * | Filed herewith |
| # | Denotes management compensation plan or contract |
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park, Israel, on April 27, 2026.
| DUKE Robotics Corp. | |
| /s/ Yossef Balucka | |
| Yossef Balucka | |
| Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Yossef Balucka | Chief Executive Officer | April 27, 2026 | ||
| Yossef Balucka | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| * | Chief Financial Officer | April 27, 2026 | ||
| Shlomo Zakai | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| * | Chairman | April 27, 2026 | ||
| Yariv Alroy | ||||
| * | Vice Chairman | April 27, 2026 | ||
| Erez Nachtomy | ||||
| * | Director | April 27, 2026 | ||
| Eran Antebi | ||||
| * | Director | April 27, 2026 | ||
| Keren Gousman Golan |
| * By: | /s/ Yossef Balucka | |
| Yossef Balucka | ||
| Attorney-in-fact |
II-6
Exhibit 1.1
[____] UNITS
CONSISTING OF
[______] SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
AND
[_____] WARRANTS (EXERCISABLE FOR [_____] SHARES)
OF
DUKE ROBOTICS CORP.
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
[ ], 2026
Maxim Group LLC
Investment Banking
300 Park Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, New York 10022
As Representative of the Several underwriters, if any, named in Schedule I hereto Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned, DUKE ROBOTICS CORP., a company incorporated under the laws of Nevada (collectively with its subsidiaries and affiliates, including, without limitation, all entities disclosed or described in the Registration Statement as being subsidiaries or affiliates of DUKE ROBOTICS CORP., the “Company”) hereby confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with the several underwriters (such underwriters, including the Representative (as defined below), the “Underwriters” and each an “Underwriter”) named in Schedule I hereto for which MAXIM GROUP LLC is acting as representative to the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the “Representative” and if there are no Underwriters other than the Representative, references to multiple Underwriters shall be disregarded and the term Representative as used herein shall have the same meaning as Underwriters) on the terms and conditions set forth herein.
It is understood that the several Underwriters are to make a public offering of the Public Securities as soon as the Representative deems it advisable to do so. The Public Securities are to be initially offered to the public at the public offering price set forth in the Prospectus. The Representative may from time to time after the Offering (as defined below) change the public offering price and other selling terms.
It is further understood that you will act as the Representative for the Underwriters in the offering and sale of the Closing Securities and, if any, the Option Securities in accordance with this Agreement.
1
Article
I.
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(k).
“Affiliate” means with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Auditor” means KPMG Israel, with offices located at 17 HaArba’a Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is closed for business.
“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Closing Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date” means the hour and the date on the Trading Day on which all conditions precedent to (i) the Underwriters’ obligations to pay the Closing Purchase Price and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Closing Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date hereof or at such earlier time as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company.
“Closing Investor Warrants” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a).
“Closing Purchase Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b), which aggregate purchase price shall be net of underwriting discounts and commissions.
“Closing Securities” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a).
“Closing Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a).
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Company Counsel” means Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10020.
2
“Effective Date” means the date and time as of which the Registration Statement became effective, or is deemed to have become effective by the Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations under the Securities Act.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Execution Date” shall mean the date on which the parties execute and enter into this Agreement.
“Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units or options to employees, officers, consultants or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with automatic price resets, stock splits, adjustments or combinations as set forth in such securities) or to extend the term of such securities, (c) securities issuable upon the terms of any existing agreements executed by the Company prior to the date hereof, and (d) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.21(a) herein, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business which shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.
“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“FINRA” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
“General Disclosure Package” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(f).
“Harter Secrest” means Harter Secrest & Emery LLP, 1600 Bausch and Lomb Pl, Rochester, NY 14604, counsel to the Underwriters.
“Indebtedness” means (a) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $100,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (b) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (c) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $100,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.
3
“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(q).
“Investor Warrants” means a warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.
“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
“Lock-Up Agreements” means the lock-up agreements that are delivered on the date hereof by each of the Company’s officers and directors and the other stockholders set forth on Schedule 2 hereto, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.
“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Offering” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(c).
“Option Closing Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(c).
“Option Closing Purchase Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such terrain Section 2.2(b), which aggregate purchase price shall be net of the underwriting discounts and commissions.
“Option Securities” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a).
“Option Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a).
“Option Warrants” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a).
“Over-Allotment Option” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a).
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Preliminary Prospectus” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(f).
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(f).
“Public Securities” means, collectively, the Closing Securities and, if any, the Option Securities.
“Registration Statement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(f).
“Representative’s Securities” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.3.
“Representative’s Warrants” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.3.
“Representative’s Warrant Agreement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.3.
4
“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
“Securities” means the Closing Securities, the Option Securities, the Warrant Shares and the Representative’s Securities.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement and all exhibits and schedules hereto, the Closing Investor Warrants, the Warrant Agency Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreements, the Representative’s Warrant Agreement and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company , the current transfer agent of the Company with a mailing address of 6201 15th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219, a phone number of 1-800-937-5449, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Unit Purchase Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b).
“Units” means the Units to be delivered to the Underwriters in accordance with Section 2.1(a), with each Unit consisting of one (1) share of Common Stock and one (1) Closing Investor Warrant, which Units shall not be certificated and which share of Common Stock and Closing Investor Warrant are immediately separable upon issuance and will be issued separately.
“Variable Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.21(b).
“Warrant Agency Agreement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(d).
5
“Warrant Purchase Price” means $[___] per Option Warrant.
“Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock is suable upon exercise of the Warrants.
“Warrants” means, collectively, the Closing Investor Warrants, the Option Warrants and the Representative’s Warrants.
Article
II.
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing.
(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell in the aggregate [___] Units, consisting of (i) an aggregate of [____] shares of Common Stock (the “Closing Shares) and (ii) Investor Warrants exercisable for an aggregate of up to [______] shares of Common Stock (the “Closing Investor Warrants” and collectively with the Units and the Closing Shares, the “Closing Securities”) and each Underwriter agrees to purchase, severally and not jointly, at the Closing, the number of Units set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereof.
(b) The aggregate purchase price for the Closing Securities shall equal the aggregate of the amounts set forth opposite the name of each Underwriter on Schedule I hereto (the “Closing Purchase Price”). The purchase price shall be $[____] per Unit (92% of the per Unit public offering price) (the “Unit Purchase Price”).
(c) On the Closing Date, each Underwriter shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to such Underwriter’s respective portion of the Closing Purchase Price, as set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereto, and the Company shall deliver to, or as directed by, such Underwriter its respective Closing Shares and Closing Investor Warrants and the Company shall deliver the other items required pursuant to Section 2.4 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.4 and 2.5, the Closing shall occur at the offices of Harter Secrest or such other location as the Company and Representative shall mutually agree. The Closing Securities are to be offered initially to the public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus (the “Offering”).
(d) The Company acknowledges and agrees that, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Closing Investor Warrant) delivered by a Holder (as defined in the Closing Investor Warrants) on or prior to 12:00 pm (New York City time) on the Closing Date, which Notice(s) of Exercise may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of this Agreement, the Company shall deliver the Warrant Shares exercisable pursuant to the Closing Investor Warrants subject to such notice(s) to the Holder by 4:00 pm (New York City time) on the Closing Date. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Holders are third-party beneficiaries of this covenant of the Company.
2.2 Over-Allotment Option.
(a) For the purposes of covering any over-allotments in connection with the sale of the Closing Securities and the distribution of the Closing Shares and the Closing Investor Warrants, the Representative is hereby granted an option (the “Over-Allotment Option”) to purchase (i) up to [____] shares of Common Stock (the “Option Shares”) and/or (ii) Investor Warrants to purchase up to [____] shares of Common Stock (the “Option Warrants” and, collectively with the Option Shares, the “Option Securities”) which, in the aggregate represent 15% of the Units which may be purchased in any combination of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants at the Unit Purchase Price and/or Warrant Purchase Price, respectively.
6
(b) In connection with an exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, (a) the purchase price to be paid for any Option Shares is equal to the product of the Unit Purchase Price minus $0.0001 per share multiplied by the number of Option Shares to be purchased and (b) the purchase price to be paid for any Option Warrants is equal to the product of the Warrant Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Option Warrants to be purchased (the aggregate purchase price to be paid on an Option Closing Date, the “Option Closing Purchase Price”).
(c) The Over-Allotment Option granted pursuant to this Section 2.2 may be exercised by the Representative as to all (at any time) or any part (from time to time) of the Option Securities within 45 days after the Execution Date. An Underwriter will not be under any obligation to purchase any Option Securities prior to the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option by the Representative. The Over-Allotment Option granted hereby may be exercised by the giving of oral notice to the Company from the Representative, which must be confirmed in writing by overnight mail or facsimile or other electronic transmission setting forth the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for the Option Securities (each, an “Option Closing Date”) which will not be later than the earlier of (i) 45 days after the Execution Date and (ii) one (1) full Business Day after the date of the notice or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative, at the offices of Harter Secrest or at such other place (including remotely by facsimile or other electronic transmission) as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative. If such delivery and payment for the Option Securities does not occur on the Closing Date, each Option Closing Date will be as set forth in the notice. Upon exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, the Company will become obligated to convey to the Underwriters, and, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Underwriters will become obligated to purchase, the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants specified in such notice. The Representative may cancel the Over-Allotment Option at any time prior to the expiration of the Over-Allotment Option by written notice to the Company.
(d) The Closing Investor Warrants and the Option Warrants, if any, shall be issued pursuant to, and shall have the rights and privileges set forth in, a warrant agency agreement, dated on or before the Closing Date, between the Company and the Transfer Agent, as warrant agent, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Warrant Agency Agreement”).
2.3 Representative’s Securities.
(a) Representative’s Warrants. The Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Representative (and/or its designees) on the Closing Date one or more warrants (the “Representative’s Warrants”) for the purchase of an aggregate of [ ] shares of Common Stock (which is equal to an aggregate of 8% of the number of Closing Securities sold in the Offering). The Representative’s Warrants shall be issuable pursuant to the Representative’s Warrant Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (the “Representative’s Warrant Agreement”) and exercisable, in whole or in part, commencing on a date which is six months after the Closing and expiring on the five-year anniversary of the Closing at an initial exercise price per share of Common Stock of $[ ], which is equal to 125% of the public offering price of each Unit. The Representative’s Warrant Agreement and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise thereof are sometimes hereinafter referred to together as the “Representative’s Securities.” The Representative understands and agrees that there are significant restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 against transferring the Representative’s Warrant and the underlying shares of Common Stock during the one hundred eighty (180) days from the commencement of sales of the securities issued in connection with this offering and by its acceptance thereof agrees that it will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate the Representative’s Warrant Agreement, or any portion thereof, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days from the commencement of sales of the securities issued in connection with this offering to anyone other than (i) an Underwriter or a selected dealer in connection with the Offering, or (ii) a bona fide officer or partner of the Representative or of any such Underwriter or selected dealer; and only if any such transferee agrees to the foregoing lock-up restrictions.
7
(b) Delivery. Delivery of the Representative’s Warrant shall be made on the Closing Date and shall be issued in the name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request.
2.4 Deliveries. The Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Underwriter (if applicable) the following:
(a) at the Closing Date, the Closing Shares and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Shares, which shares shall be delivered via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system for the accounts of the several Underwriters;
(b) at the Closing Date, the Closing Investor Warrants and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Warrants in the form requested in writing by the applicable Underwriter at least one Business Day prior to the Closing Date and, if any, each Option Closing Date, which form may be: (i) certificated form registered in the name or names and in such authorized denominations as request by the applicable Underwriter, or (ii) delivered via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system for the accounts of the several Underwriters;
(c) at the Closing Date, the Representative’s Warrants issuable pursuant to Section 2.3;
(d) at the Closing Date, the duly executed and delivered opinion of Company Counsel addressed to the Underwriters as to certain legal matters and a negative assurance letter, in forms and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative and as to the Closing Date and as to each Option Closing Date, if any, a bring-down opinion and negative assurance letter (addressed to the Underwriters) from Company Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative;
(e) Omitted;
(f) contemporaneously herewith, a cold comfort letter, addressed to the Underwriters and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Representative from the Auditor dated as of the date of this Agreement and a bring-down letter dated as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, on the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, the duly executed and delivered Officer’s Certificate, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative;
(g) on the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, the duly executed and delivered Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative;
(h) on the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, the duly executed and delivered Secretary’s Certificate, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative;
(i) contemporaneously herewith, the duly executed and delivered Lock-Up Agreements; and
8
(j) such other certificates, opinions or documents as the Underwriters and Harter Secrest may reasonably request.
2.5 Closing Conditions. The respective obligations of each Underwriter hereunder in connection with the Closing and each Option Closing Date are subject to the following conditions being met:
(a) the accuracy in all material respects when made and on the date in question of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be true and correct only as of such date) (other than representations and warranties of the Company already qualified by materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects);
(b) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the date in question shall have been performed;
(c) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.4 of this Agreement;
(d) the Registration Statement shall be effective on the date of this Agreement and at each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or shall be pending or contemplated by the Commission and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representative;
(e) by the Execution Date, if required by FINRA, the Underwriters shall have received a notice of no objections from FINRA as to the amount of compensation allowable or payable to and the terms and arrangements for acting as the Underwriters as described in the Registration Statement;
(f) the Closing Shares, the Option Shares, the Warrant Shares, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants, the Closing Investor Warrants, and the Option Warrants have been approved for listing on the Trading Market;
(g) [Reserved];
(h) prior to and on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any: (i) there shall have been no material adverse change or development involving a prospective material adverse change in the condition or prospects or the business activities, financial or otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package (as defined in Section 3.1(f) below) and the Prospectus; (ii) no action suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have been pending or threatened against the Company or any Affiliate of the Company before or by any court or federal or state commission, board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may materially adversely affect the business, operations, prospects or financial condition or income of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (iii) no stop order applicable to the Company shall have been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; (iv) the Company has not incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, nor has it entered into any material transactions not in the ordinary course of business, other than pursuant to this Agreement and the transactions referred to herein; (v) the Company has not paid or declared any dividends or other distributions of any kind on any class of its capital stock; (vi) the Company has not altered its method of accounting; and (vii) the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and neither the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package nor the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
9
If any of the conditions specified in this Section 2.5 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Representative or to Representative’s counsel pursuant to this Section 2.5 shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative and to Representative’s counsel, all obligations of the Underwriters hereunder may be cancelled by the Representative at, or at any time prior to, the consummation of the Closing. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or orally. Any such oral notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.
Article
III.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding Section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company represents and warrants to the Underwriters as of the Execution Date, as of the Closing Date and as of each Option Closing Date, if any, as follows:
(a) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company are described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus to the extent necessary. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, charges, security interests, encumbrances, rights of first refusal, preemptive rights or other restrictions, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.
(b) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
10
(c) Authorization: Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which the Company is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the Representative’s Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws and (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares, the Warrant Shares and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrant for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
11
(f) Registration Statement. The Company has filed with the Commission the Registration Statement, including any related Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectuses, for the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act, which Registration Statement has been prepared by the Company in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act. The registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act has been declared effective by the Commission on or prior to and is effective on the date hereof Copies of such Registration Statement and of each amendment thereto, if any, including the related Preliminary Prospectuses, heretofore filed by the Company with the Commission have been delivered to the Underwriters. The term “Registration Statement” means such registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-294808), as amended, as of the relevant Effective Date, including financial statements, all exhibits and any information deemed to be included or incorporated by reference therein, including any information deemed to be included pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 430B of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as applicable. If the Company files a registration statement to register a portion of the Securities and relies on Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder for such registration statement to become effective upon filing with the Commission (the “Rule 462 Registration Statement”) then any reference to the “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include the Rule 462 Registration Statement, as amended from time to time. The term “Preliminary Prospectus” as used herein means a preliminary prospectus as contemplated by Rule 430 or Rule 430A of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder as included at any time as part of, or deemed to be part of or included in, the Registration Statement. The term “Prospectus” means the final prospectus in connection with this Offering as first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder or, if no such filing is required, the form of final prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the Effective Date, except that if any revised prospectus or prospectus supplement shall be provided to the Representative by the Company for use in connection with the Securities which differs from the Prospectus (whether or not such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement is required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b)), the term “Prospectus” shall also refer to such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, as the case may be, from and after the time it is first provided to the Representative for such use. Any reference herein to the terms “amend”, “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include: (i) the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the Effective Date, the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the date of the Prospectus, as the case may be, which is incorporated therein by reference, and (ii) any such document so filed. All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, a Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”). The term “General Disclosure Package” means, collectively, the Permitted Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below) issued at or prior to the date hereof, the most recent preliminary prospectus related to this offering, and the information included on Schedule I hereto.
(g) Issuance of Securities. The Public Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares are duly authorized and, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Representative’s Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement, the Warrants and the Representative’s Warrants. None of the Securities are or will be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities has been duly and validly taken. The Securities conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
12
(h) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, except such rights which have been waived prior to the date hereof. Except (i) as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities, (ii) pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options and under the Company’s employee stock purchase plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees under the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the Company’s most recently filed SEC Report, or (iii) as otherwise set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or the capital stock of any Subsidiary. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Underwriters). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. The authorized shares of the Company conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The offers and sales of the Company’s securities were at all relevant times either registered under the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or Blue Sky laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties of the purchasers, exempt from such registration requirements. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders’ agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
13
(i) SEC Reports: Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the 12 months preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company is not and has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports, and included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”) except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries, as applicable, as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, and the SEC Reports conform in all material aspects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or the SEC Reports or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or the SEC Reports, or (ii) is material to the Company’s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the Company’s knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations.
(j) Material Changes: Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting in any material respect, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans and employee stock purchase plans, the issuance of Common Stock Equivalents as disclosed in the SEC Reports. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made. Unless otherwise disclosed in an SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect to its capital stock.
14
(k) Litigation. There are no actions, suits, inquiries, notices of violation, proceedings or investigations pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. To the knowledge of the Company, there has not been, and there is not pending or threatened, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. There are no Actions required to be disclosed in the SEC Reports that have not been disclosed. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(l) Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationship with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
15
(n) Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(o) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all licenses, certificates, authorizations, approvals, clearances, consents, registrations, and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities applicable to the Company (“Applicable Laws”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (each, an “Authorization”) and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Authorization or the noncompliance with any ordinance, law, rule or regulation applicable to the Company. The disclosures in the Registration Statement concerning the effects of federal, state, local and all foreign regulation on the Company’s business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects. The Company is and has been in material compliance with any term of any such Authorizations, except for any violations which would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any governmental authority or body or third party alleging that any product, operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations or has any knowledge that any such entity or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, has there been any material noncompliance with or violation of any Applicable Laws by the Company that could reasonably be expected to require the issuance of any such communication or result in an investigation, corrective action, or enforcement action by any governmental body or entity.
(p) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties.
16
(q) Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement, except where such action would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Other than as specifically described in the SEC Reports, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Company’s products or planned products as described in the SEC Reports violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(r) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(s) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from, any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
17
(t) Sarbanes-Oxley: Internal Accounting Controls. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries are in material compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially adversely affected, or is reasonably likely to materially adversely affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(u) Certain Fees. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company, any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. There are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation, as determined by FINRA. Other than payments to the Underwriters for this Offering (including the issuance to the Representative of the Representative’s Warrants), the Company has not made and has no agreements, arrangements or understanding to make any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the 180-day period from the commencement of sales of the securities issued in connection with this offering through the 90-day period after the Effective Date. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.
(v) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(w) Registration Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than those rights that have been disclosed in the Registration Statement or have been waived or satisfied.
(x) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees of the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.
18
(y) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken or prior to the Initial Closing will have taken all necessary action within its power, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s articles of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable as a result of the Underwriters and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents.
(z) Disclosure: 10b-5. The Registration Statement (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, if any, at the time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations under the Securities Act and did not and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, each as of its respective date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations. The Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except for any statements in or omissions from the Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter, it being understood that such information furnished by any Underwriter shall consist of the Underwriters’ Information. As of its date and the date hereof, the General Disclosure Package did not and does not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except for any statements in or omissions from the General Disclosure Package based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter, it being understood that such information furnished by any Underwriter shall consist of the Underwriters’ Information. The SEC Reports, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the applicable rules and regulations, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect to the SEC Reports incorporated by reference in the Prospectus), in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been described or filed as required. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading.
19
(aa) No Integrated Offering. Neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
(bb) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. The SEC Reports set forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.
(cc) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. The term “taxes” mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.
20
(dd) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA. The Company has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the FCPA.
(ee) Accountants. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, the Auditor (i) is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act; and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026.
(ff) Equity Incentive Awards. Each equity incentive award granted by the Company under the Company’s equity incentive plans was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of such plan and (ii) any option was granted with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.
(gg) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.
(hh) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Representative’s request.
(ii) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.
21
(jj) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
(kk) D&O Questionnaires. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires most recently completed by each of the Company’s directors and officers is true and correct in all respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in such questionnaires become inaccurate and incorrect.
(ll) FINRA Affiliation. No officer, director or, to the Company’s knowledge, any beneficial owner of 5% or more of the Company’s shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA) that is participating in the Offering. Except for securities purchased on the open market, no Company Affiliate is an owner of stock or other securities of any member of FINRA. No Company Affiliate has made a subordinated loan to any member of FINRA. No proceeds from the sale of the Securities (excluding underwriting compensation as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus) will be paid to any FINRA member, any persons associated with a FINRA member or an affiliate of a FINRA member. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company has not issued any warrants or other securities or granted any options, directly or indirectly, to the Representative or any of the Underwriters named on Schedule I hereto within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the Prospectus. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and except for securities issued to the Representative as disclosed in the Prospectus and securities sold by the Representative on behalf of the Company, no person to whom securities of the Company have been privately issued within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the Prospectus is a FINRA member, is a person associated with a FINRA member or is an affiliate of a FINRA member. To the Company’s knowledge, no FINRA member participating in the Offering has a conflict of interest with the Company. For this purpose, a “conflict of interest” exists when a FINRA member, the parent or affiliate of a FINRA member or any person associated with a FINRA member in the aggregate beneficially own 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding subordinated debt or common equity, or 5% or more of the Company’s preferred equity. “FINRA member participating in the Offering” includes any associated person of a FINRA member that is participating in the Offering, any member of such associated person’s immediate family and any affiliate of a FINRA member that is participating in the Offering. “Any person associated with a FINRA member” means (1) a natural person who is registered or has applied for registration under the rules of FINRA and (2) a sole proprietor, partner, officer, director, or branch manager of a FINRA member, or other natural person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions, or a natural person engaged in the investment banking or securities business who is directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by a FINRA member. When used in this Section 3.1(ll) the term “affiliate of a FINRA member” or “affiliated with a FINRA member” means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a FINRA member. The Company will advise the Representative and Harter Secrest if it learns that any officer, director or owner of 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm.
(mm) Officers’ Certificate. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to the Representative or Harter Secrest shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby.
22
(nn) Board of Directors. The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules of the Trading Market. At least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a “financial expert” as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder and the rules of the Trading Market. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as “independent” as defined under the rules of the Trading Market.
(oo) ERISA. The Company is not a party to an “employee benefit plan, “as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) which: (i) is subject to any provision of ERISA and (ii) is or was at any time maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates (as defined hereafter). These plans are referred to collectively herein as the “Employee Plans.” An “ERISA Affiliate” of any person or entity means any other person or entity which, together with that person or entity, could be treated as a single employer under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Each Employee Plan has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of applicable law. No Employee Plan is subject to Title IV of ERISA. The Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus identify each employment, severance or other similar agreement, arrangement or policy and each material plan or arrangement required to be disclosed pursuant to the Rules and Regulations providing for insurance coverage (including any self-insured arrangements), workers’ compensation, disability benefits, severance benefits, supplemental unemployment benefits, vacation benefits or retirement benefits, or deferred compensation, profit-sharing, bonuses, stock options, stock appreciation rights or other forms of incentive compensation, or post-retirement insurance, compensation or benefits, which: (i) is not an Employee Plan; (ii) is entered into, maintained or contributed to, as the case may be, by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates; and (iii) covers any officer or director or former officer or director of the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates. These agreements, arrangements, policies or plans are referred to collectively as “Benefit Arrangements”. Each Benefit Arrangement has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and with the requirements of applicable law. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, there is no liability in respect of post-retirement health and medical benefits for retired employees of the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates, other than medical benefits required to be continued under applicable law. No “prohibited trans action”(as defined in either Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) has occurred with respect to any Employee Plan; and each Employee Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which could cause the loss of such qualification.
(pp) [Reserved].
(qq) PCAOB Registered Firm. The Company has retained a nationally recognized, PCAOB registered firm of independent certified public accountants acceptable to the Representative and the Company, which will have the responsibility for the preparation of the financial statements and the financial exhibits, if any, included in the Registration Statement.
(rr) Financial Printer. The Company has retained a financial printer acceptable to the Representative to handle the printing and related aspects of the Offering.
(ss) Public Relations Firm. The Company has retained a financial public relations firm, reasonably acceptable to the Representative, which firm is experienced in assisting issuers in public offerings of securities and in their relations with security holders.
23
Article
IV.
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Amendments to Registration Statement. The Company has delivered, or will as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Underwriters complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits), the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, and the General Disclosure Package in such quantities and at such places as an Underwriter reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package and the Registration Statement. The Company shall not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative shall reasonably object in writing.
4.2 Federal Securities Laws.
(a) Compliance. During the time when a Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, the Company will use its best efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities in accordance with the provisions hereof and the Prospectus. If at any time when a Prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, any event shall have occurred as a result of which, in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will notify the Underwriters promptly and prepare and file with the Commission, subject to Section 4.1 hereof, an appropriate amendment or supplement in accordance with Section 10 of the Securities Act.
(b) Exchange Act Registration. For a period of three years from the Execution Date, the Company will use its best efforts to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act; provided, that such provision shall not prevent a sale, merger or similar transaction involving the Company. The Company will not deregister the Common Stock under the Exchange Act without the prior written consent of the Representative (including in connection with a sale, merger or similar transaction involving the Company), which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
(c) Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents and agrees that it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433 of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act, without the prior written consent of the Representative. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Representative is herein referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus” as defined in rule and regulations under the Securities Act, and has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 of the Securities Act, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping.
4.3 Delivery to the Underwriters of Prospectuses. The Company will deliver to the Underwriters, without charge, from time to time during the period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act such number of copies of each Prospectus as the Underwriters may reasonably request and, as soon as the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement thereto becomes effective, deliver to you two original executed Registration Statements, including exhibits, and all post-effective amendments thereto and copies of all exhibits filed therewith or incorporated therein by reference and all original executed consents of certified experts.
24
4.4 Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Underwriters. The Company will use its best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective with a current prospectus until the later of nine (9) months from the Execution Date and the date on which the Warrants are no longer outstanding, and will notify the Underwriters and holders of the Warrants immediately and confirm the notice in writing: (i) of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto; (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iii) of the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv) of the electronic filing on the EDGAR system of the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus; (v) of the receipt of any comments or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi) of the happening of any event during the period described in this Section 4.4 that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order or suspend such qualification at any time, the Company will make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.
4.5 Review of Financial Statements. For a period of three (3) years from the Execution Date, the Company, at its expense, shall cause its regularly engaged independent registered public accountants to review (but not audit) the Company’s financial statements for each of the first three fiscal quarters prior to the announcement of quarterly financial information.
4.6 Reports to the Underwriters; Expenses of the Offering.
(a) Periodic Reports, etc. For a period of three (3) years from the Execution Date, the Company will furnish or make available to the Underwriters copies of such financial statements and other periodic and special reports as the Company from time to time furnishes generally to holders of any class of its securities and also promptly furnish or make available to the Underwriters: (i) a copy of each periodic report the Company shall be required to file with the Commission; (ii) a copy of every press release and every news item and article with respect to the Company or its affairs which was release by the Company; (iii) a copy of each Form 8-K prepared and filed by the Company; and (iv) a copy of each registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act. Documents filed with the Commission pursuant to its EDGAR system shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Underwriters pursuant to this Section.
(b) Transfer Sheets. For a period of one (1) year from the Execution Date, the Company shall retain the Transfer Agent or a transfer and registrar agent acceptable to the Representative and will furnish to the Underwriters at the Company’s sole cost and expense such transfer sheets of the Company’s securities as an Underwriter may reasonably request, including the daily and monthly consolidated transfer sheets of the Transfer Agent and the DTC.
25
(c) Trading Reports. For a period of one year from the Execution Date, the Company shall provide to the Underwriters, at the Company’s expense, such reports published by the Trading Market relating to price and trading of such securities, as the Underwriters shall reasonably request.
(d) General Expenses Related to the Offering. The Company hereby agrees to pay on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, to the extent not paid at the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement, including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration of the Public Securities to be sold in the Offering (including the Option Securities) and the Representative’s Securities with the Commission; (b) all FINRA Public Offering Filing System fees associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA; all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Closing Shares, Option Shares and Warrant Shares on the Trading Market and such other stock exchanges as the Company and the Representative together determine; (c) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Securities and the Underwriter’s under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other foreign jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably designate; (d) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents (including, without limitation, the Underwriting Agreement, any Blue Sky Surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters, any agreements with Selected Dealers, Underwriters’ Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), Registration Statements, Prospectuses and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as the Representative may reasonably deem necessary; (e) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering the Securities; (f) fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent for the Securities (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company); (g) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the Company to the Underwriters; (h) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants; (i) the fees and expenses of the Company’s legal counsel and other agents and representatives; (j) the Underwriters’ costs of mailing prospectuses to prospective investors; (k) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of the Company’s officers and directors; (1) the fees and expenses associated with the Underwriters’ use of the Ipreo and NewRoadshow (or other similar software) for the Offering; and (m) the Company’s actual “road show” expenses for the Offering. The Underwriters may also deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date, or each Option Closing Date, if any, all out-of-pocket fees, expenses and disbursements (including legal fees and expenses) of the Underwriters incurred as a result of providing services related to the Offering to be paid by the Company to the Underwriters. For the sake of clarity, it is understood and agreed that (i) except as otherwise set forth herein, the Company shall be responsible for the Representative’s legal fees, costs and expenses in connection with the Offering irrespective of whether the Offering is consummated, and (ii) the maximum amount of all legal fees, costs and expenses incurred by the Representative pursuant to the Offering that the Company shall be responsible for shall not exceed $125,000 in the event of a Closing, and shall not exceed $40,000 (of which $15,000 has been paid as an advance prior to the Execution Date) in the event there is not a Closing.
4.7 Application of Net Proceeds. The Company will apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent with the application described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Prospectus.
4.8 Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but not later than the first day of the fifteenth full calendar month following the Execution Date, an earnings statement (which need not be certified by independent public or independent certified public accountants unless required by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations under the Securities Act, but which shall satisfy the provisions of Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) covering a period of at least twelve consecutive months beginning after the Execution Date. For the avoidance of doubt, documents filed with the Commission pursuant to its EDGAR system that contain the earnings statements required by this Section 4.8 shall be deemed to have been delivered to security holders and satisfy the requirements of this Section 4.8.
26
4.9 Stabilization. Neither the Company, nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders (without the consent of the Representative) has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
4.10 Internal Controls. For a period of three (3) years from the Effective Date, the Company shall maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
4.11 Accountants. For a period of three (3) years from the Effective Date, the Company shall continue to retain an independent PCAOB registered public accounting firm. The Underwriters acknowledge that the Auditor is acceptable to the Underwriters.
4.12 FINRA. The Company shall advise the Underwriters (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is aware that any officer, director, 5% or greater shareholder of the Company or Person that received the Company’s unregistered equity securities in the past 180 days is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm prior to the earlier of the termination of this Agreement or the conclusion of the distribution of the Offering.
4.13 No Fiduciary Duties. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters’ responsibility to the Company is solely contractual and commercial in nature, based on arms-length negotiations and that neither the Underwriters nor their affiliates or any selected dealer shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company acknowledges that the Underwriters may have financial interests in the success of the Offering that are not limited to the difference between the price to the public and the purchase price paid to the Company by the Underwriters for the shares and the Underwriters have no obligation to disclose, or account to the Company for, any of such additional financial interests. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of fiduciary duty by the Underwriters.
4.14 Warrant Shares. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise at a time when such Warrant Shares would be eligible for resale under Rule 144 by a non-affiliate of the Company, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all restrictive legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the sale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any holder thereof to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).
27
4.15 Board Composition and Board Designations. The Company shall ensure that: (i) the qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder and with the listing requirements of the Trading Market and (ii) if applicable, at least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a “financial expert” as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder.
4.16 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. At the request of the Representative, by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, or, if this Agreement is executed after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) by the time reasonably requested by the Representative, the Company shall issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the Offering. The Company and the Representative shall consult with each other in issuing any press releases with respect to the Offering, and neither the Company nor any Underwriter shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any other press release of such Underwriter, or without the prior consent of such Underwriter, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. The Company will not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without the Representative’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, for a period ending at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the first Business Day following the 45th day following the Closing Date, other than normal and customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company’s business.
4.17 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Underwriter of the Securities is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Underwriter of Securities could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities except if and to the extent required by applicable law.
4.18 Reservation of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Option Shares pursuant to the Over-Allotment Option, Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants and shares of Common Stock is suable upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants.
4.19 Listing of Common Stock. The Common Stock has been approved for trading on the Trading Market. The Company agrees to use its best efforts to effect and maintain the trading of the Common Stock on the Trading Market for at least three (3) years after the Closing Date.
28
4.20 Right of First Refusal. Effective upon the Closing and for a period of eighteen (18) months from the Closing Date, the Company hereby grants the Representative a right of first refusal to act as sole managing underwriter and sole book runner, sole placement agent, or sole sales agent for any and all of the Company’s future public or private equity, equity-linked, convertible or debt offerings (excluding commercial bank debt) (collectively, a “Subject Transaction”) in the Unites States for which the Company retains the services of an underwriter, agent, advisor, finder or other person or entity in connection with such offering during such eighteen (18) month period of the Company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of the Company. The Representative shall have the sole right to determine whether or not any other broker dealer shall have the right to participate in the Subject Transactions and the economic terms of such participation. For the avoidance of any doubt, the Company shall not retain, engage or solicit any additional investment bank, book-runner, financial advisor, underwriter and/or placement agent in a Subject Transaction without the express written consent of the Representative. The right granted to the Representative pursuant to this Section 4.20 shall not apply to securities sold by the Company directly to its directors and affiliates, so long as no broker-dealer is involved in such a transaction. The Company shall provide written notice of its offer to engage the Representative with respect to a Subject Transaction and the Representative shall notify the Company within ten (10) Business Days of its receipt of such written offer as to whether or not it agrees to accept such retention. If the Representative declines such retention (or does not respond within the ten (10) Business Day notice period), then the Company shall have no further obligations to the Representative pursuant to this Section 4.20 with respect to such Subject Transaction. For the avoidance of doubt, during the eighteen (18) month period covered by this Section 4.20, the Company shall provide written notice to the Representative prior to each Subject Transaction.
4.21 Subsequent Equity Sales.
(a) Except for Exempt Issuances, from the date hereof until six (6) months after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents.
(b) From the date hereof until six (6) months after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. Any Underwriter shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.21 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that, other than the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 30, 2025 by and between the Company and the signatories thereto, no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.
4.22 Capital Changes. Until one hundred twenty (120) days after the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Representative.
29
4.23 Research Independence. The Company acknowledges that each Underwriter’s research analysts and research departments, if any, are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and that such Underwriter’s research analysts may hold and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering that differ from the views of its investment bankers. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against such Underwriter with respect to any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their independent research analysts and research departments may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Company by such Underwriter’s investment banking divisions. The Company acknowledges that each Representative is a full-service securities firm and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short position in debt or equity securities of the Company.
4.24 Tail Period. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, including, but not limited to, Section 4.20 of this Agreement, for a period during the period commencing on the Initial Closing and continuing for a period of eighteen (18) months from the date of this Agreement, if the Company completes any financing of equity, equity-linked, convertible or debt or other capital raising activity with, or receives any proceeds from, any of the investors introduced by the Representative via email communication to which the investor responds, teleconference, videoconference, in-person or other meeting with the Company, the Company agrees to pay to the Representative, upon the closing of such financing or receipt of such proceeds, compensation equivalent to an underwriting discount of eight percent (8%) to the public offering price and Representative’s Warrants to purchase an aggregate of eight percent (8%) of the number of securities sold in such financing.
Article
V.
DEFAULT BY UNDERWRITERS
If on the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, if any, any Underwriter shall fail to purchase and pay for the portion of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase and pay for on such date (otherwise than by reason of any default on the part of the Company), the Representative, or if a Representative is the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, shall use their reasonable efforts to procure within 36 hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms set forth herein, the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase. If during such 36 hours the Representative shall not have procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, agreed to be purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then (a) if the aggregate number of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur does not exceed 10% of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, covered hereby, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in proportion to the respective numbers of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which they are obligated to purchase hereunder, to purchase the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase, or (b) if the aggregate number of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur exceeds 10% of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, covered hereby, the Company or the Representative will have the right to terminate this Agreement without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the Company except to the extent provided in Article VI hereof. In the event of a default by any Underwriter or Underwriters, as set forth in this Article V, the applicable Closing Date may be postponed for such period, not exceeding seven days, as the Representative, or if a Representative is the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, may determine in order that the required changes in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. The term “Underwriter” includes any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter. Any action taken under this Section shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.
30
Article
VI.
INDEMNIFICATION
6.1 Indemnification of the Underwriters. The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, the directors, officers, employees and agents of such Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any and all investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding between any of the indemnified parties and any indemnifying parties or between any indemnified party and any third party, or otherwise, or any claim asserted), to which they, or any of them, may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, liabilities, expenses or damages arise out of or are based on (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as applicable, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus, any preliminary prospectus supplement, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing) or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading or (iii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Securities, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically) (collectively “Marketing Materials”) or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided , however , that the Company shall not be liable to the extent that such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage is based on any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance on and in conformity with Underwriters’ Information. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have. For all purposes of this Agreement, the information set forth in the Prospectus in the “Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids” and “Electronic Distribution” sections under the caption “Underwriting” constitutes the only information (the “Underwriters’ Information”) relating to the Underwriters furnished in writing to the Company by the Underwriters through the Representative specifically for inclusion in the preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus. With respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the General Disclosure Package, the indemnity agreements contained in this Section 6.1 shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter Indemnified Party to the extent that any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense of such Underwriter Indemnified Party results from the fact that a copy of the Prospectus was not given or sent to the person asserting any such loss, liability, claim, damage at or prior to written confirmation of sale of the Public Securities to such person as required by the Securities Act, and if the untrue statement or omission had been corrected in the Prospectus, unless the failure to deliver the Prospectus was a result of non-compliance by the Company with its obligations under Section 4.3 hereof.
31
6.2 Indemnification of the Company. Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its affiliates, the directors, officers, employees and agents of the Company and each other person or entity, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses whatsoever, as incurred (including but not limited to reasonable attorneys’ fees and any and all reasonable expenses whatsoever, incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, and any and all amounts paid in settlement of any claim or litigation), joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder , any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement to any of them, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that any such loss, liability, claim, damage or expense (or action in respect thereof) arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon the Underwriters’ Information; provided, however that in no case shall any Underwriter be liable or responsible for any amount in excess of the underwriting discount and commissions applicable to the Securities purchased by such Underwriter hereunder.
6.3 Indemnification Procedures. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 6 shall, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 6, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provisions of this Section 6 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable out-of-pocket costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by one of the indemnifying parties in connection with the defense of such action, (ii) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (iii) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded that a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party shall not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party), (iv) the indemnifying party does not diligently defend the action after assumption of the defense, or (v) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel shall be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges shall be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 6 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless (x) such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising or that may arise out of such claim, action or proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party, and (y) the indemnifying party confirms in writing its indemnification obligations hereunder with respect to such settlement, compromise or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 6(a) effected without its written consent if (A) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (B) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.
32
6.4 Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 6 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable, the Company and the Underwriters shall contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the Underwriters, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who may also be liable for contribution), to which the Company and the Underwriter may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Underwriters shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as (x) the total proceeds from the Offering (net of underwriting discount and commissions but before deducting expenses) received by the Company bears to (y) the underwriting discount and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, with respect to the statements or omissions which resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 6.4 were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) which does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 6.4 shall be deemed to include, for purpose of this Section 6.4, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.4, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions received by it. No person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 6.4, any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, and each director, officer, employee, counsel or agent of an Underwriter will have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 6.4, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission so to notify will not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 6.4. The obligations of the Underwriters to contribute pursuant to this Section 6.4 are several in proportion to the respective number of Securities to be purchased by each of the Underwriters hereunder and not joint. No party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld).
6.5 Survival. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 6 and the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling Person thereof, (ii) acceptance of any of the Securities and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.
33
Article
VII.
MISCELLANEOUS
7.1 Termination.
(a) Termination Right. The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to any Closing Date, (i) if any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in their opinion will in the immediate future materially disrupt, general securities markets in the United States; or (ii) if trading on any Trading Market shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required by FINRA or by order of the Commission or any other government authority having jurisdiction, or (iii) if the United States shall have become involved in a new war or an increase in major hostilities, which will, in the Representative’s opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with the delivery of the Securities or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared by a New York State or federal authority, or (v) if a moratorium on foreign exchange trading has been declared which materially adversely impacts the United States securities markets, or (vi) if the Company shall have sustained a material loss by fire, flood, accident, hurricane, earthquake, theft, sabotage or other calamity or malicious act which, whether or not such loss shall have been insured, will, in the Representative’s opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with the delivery of the Securities, or (vii) if the Company is in material breach of any of its representations, warranties or covenants hereunder, or (viii) if the Representative shall have become aware after the date hereof of such a material adverse change in the conditions or prospects of the Company, or such adverse material change in general market conditions as in the Representative’s judgment would make it impracticable to proceed with the offering, sale and/or delivery of the Securities or to enforce contracts made by the Underwriters for the sale of the Securities.
(b) Expenses. In the event this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to Section 7.1(a), within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Representative its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable up to $40,000, of which $15,000 has been paid as an advance prior to the Execution Date) (provided however that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification and contribution provisions of this Agreement).
(c) Indemnification. Notwithstanding any contrary provision contained in this Agreement, any election hereunder or any termination of this Agreement, and whether or not this Agreement is otherwise carried out, the provisions of Article VI shall not be in any way effected by such election or termination or failure to carry out the terms of this Agreement or any part hereof.
7.2 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, any Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Engagement Agreement, dated October 9, 2025 (“Engagement Agreement”), by and between the Company and the Representative, shall continue to be effective and the terms therein, including, without limitation, Section 14 with respect to any future offerings, shall continue to survive and be enforceable by Maxim in accordance with its terms, provided that, in the event of a conflict between the terms of the Engagement Agreement and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail.
7.3 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail attachment at the email address set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail attachment at the e-mail address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 pm (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.
7.4 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Representative. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.
34
7.5 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof
7.6 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
7.7 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.
Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any action, suit or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Article VI, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
7.8 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the Option Closing, if any, and the delivery of the Securities.
7.9 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf’ format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf’ signature page were an original thereof.
7.10 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
35
7.11 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, the Underwriters and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
7.12 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
7.13 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
7.14 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVE FOREVER ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)
36
If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Underwriters and the Company, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among the Company and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
| DUKE ROBOTICS CORP. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | Yossef Balucka | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Address for Notice:
10 HaRimon Street
Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park
Israel, 2069203
Facsimile: [___]
Email: [____]
Attention: [____]
Copies to:
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor
New York, NY 10020
Facsimile: [___]
E-mail: rbenbassat@sullivanlaw.com
Attention: Ron Ben-Bassat
Accepted by the Representative, acting for itself and
as Representative of the Underwriters named on
Schedule I hereto, as of the date first above written:
| MAXIM GROUP LLC | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | Ritesh M. Veera | |
| Title: | Co-Head of Investment Banking | |
Address for Notice:
300 Park Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Facsimile: [___]
E-mail: [___]
Attention: [___]
Copy to:
Harter Secrest & Emery LLP
1600 Bausch and Lomb Pl
Rochester, NY 14604
E-mail: CMurillo@hselaw.com
Attention: C. Christopher Murillo
SCHEDULE 1
Schedule of Underwriters
| Name of Underwriter | Total Number of Units to be Purchased | Aggregate Number of Option Securities to be Purchased if the Over-Allotment Option is Fully Exercised | ||||||
| Maxim Group LLC | [__] | [__] | ||||||
SCHEDULE 2
List of Lock-Up Parties
| Name | Position | |
Exhibit A
Form of Lock-Up Agreement
Exhibit B
Form of Investor Warrant
Exhibit C
Form of Warrant Agency Agreement
Exhibit D
Form of Representative’s Warrant Agreement
Exhibit 4.3
WARRANT AGENT AGREEMENT
This WARRANT AGENT AGREEMENT (this “Warrant Agreement”) dated as of [*], 2026 (the “Issuance Date”) is between DUKE Robotics Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and Equiniti Trust Company LLC (the “Warrant Agent”).
WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of that certain Underwriting Agreement (“Underwriting Agreement”), dated [*], 2026, by and among the Company and Maxim Group LLC, as the representative (the “Representative”) of the underwriters set forth therein, the Company is engaged in a public offering of up to [*] shares of common stock (the Common Stock”), and warrants to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share (the “Warrants”), issuable pursuant to the underwriters’ over-allotment option granted pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement;
WHEREAS, the Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-[ ]) (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Registration Statement”), for the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the Common Stock and Warrants, and such Registration Statement was declared effective on [ ], 2026; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing to so act, in accordance with the terms set forth in this Warrant Agreement in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange and exercise of the Warrants;
WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide for the provisions of the Warrants, the terms upon which they shall be issued and exercised, and the respective rights, limitation of rights, and immunities of the Company, the Warrant Agent, and the holders of the Warrants; and
WHEREAS, all acts and things have been done and performed which are necessary to make the Warrants the valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company, and to authorize the execution and delivery of this Warrant Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Appointment of Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company with respect to the Warrants, and the Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the same in accordance with the express terms and conditions set forth in this Warrant Agreement (and no implied terms or conditions).
2. Warrants.
2.1. Form of Warrants. The Warrants shall be registered securities and shall be evidenced by a global warrant (“Global Warrant”) in the form of Exhibit A to this Warrant Agreement, which shall be deposited on behalf of the Company with a custodian for The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC. The terms of the Global Warrant are incorporated herein by reference. If DTC subsequently ceases to make its book-entry settlement system available for the Warrants, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent regarding making other arrangements for book-entry settlement. In the event that the Warrants are not eligible for, or it is no longer necessary to have the Warrants available in, book-entry form, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent to provide written instructions to DTC to deliver to the Warrant Agent for cancellation the Global Warrant, and the Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent to deliver to DTC separate certificates evidencing Warrants (“Definitive Certificates” and, together with the Global Warrant, “Warrant Certificates”) registered as requested through the DTC system.
2.2. Issuance and Registration of Warrants.
2.2.1. Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall maintain books (“Warrant Register”) for the registration of original issuance and the registration of transfer of the Warrants.
2.2.2. Issuance of Warrants. Upon the initial issuance of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall issue the Global Warrant and deliver the Warrants in the DTC book-entry settlement system in accordance with written instructions delivered to the Warrant Agent by the Company. Ownership of security entitlements in the Warrants shall be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership shall be effected through, records maintained (i) by DTC and (ii) by institutions that have accounts with DTC (each, a “Participant”).
2.2.3. Beneficial Owner; Holder. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name that Warrant shall be registered on the Warrant Register (the “Holder”) as the absolute owner of such Warrant for purposes of any exercise thereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Warrant Agent or any agent of the Company or the Warrant Agent from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by DTC governing the exercise of the rights of a holder of a beneficial interest in any Warrant. The rights of beneficial owners in a Warrant evidenced by the Global Warrant shall be exercised by the Holder or a Participant through the DTC system, except to the extent set forth herein or in the Global Warrant.
2.2.4. Delivery of Warrant Certificate. A Holder has the right to elect at any time or from time to time a Warrant Exchange (as defined below) pursuant to a Warrant Certificate Request Notice (as defined below). Upon written notice by a Holder to the Warrant Agent for the exchange of some or all of such Holder’s Global Warrants for a Warrant Certificate evidencing the same number of Warrants, which request shall be in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (a “Warrant Certificate Request Notice” and the date of delivery of such Warrant Certificate Request Notice by the Holder, the “Warrant Certificate Request Notice Date” and the deemed surrender upon delivery by the Holder of a number of Global Warrants for the same number of Warrants evidenced by a Warrant Certificate, a “Warrant Exchange”), the Warrant Agent shall promptly effect the Warrant Exchange and shall promptly issue and deliver to the Holder a Warrant Certificate for such number of Warrants in the name set forth in the Warrant Certificate Request Notice. Such Warrant Certificate shall be dated the date of issuance of the Warrant Certificate, shall include the initial exercise date of the Warrants, shall be executed by an authorized signatory of the Company and shall be reasonably acceptable in all respects to such Holder. In connection with a Warrant Exchange, the Company agrees to deliver, or to direct the Warrant Agent to deliver, the Warrant Certificate to the Holder within three (3) Business Days of the Warrant Certificate Request Notice pursuant to the delivery instructions in the Warrant Certificate Request Notice (“Warrant Certificate Delivery Date”). If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Certificate subject to the Warrant Certificate Request Notice by the Warrant Certificate Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”) evidenced by such Warrant Certificate (based on the VWAP (as defined in the Warrants) of the Common Stock on the Warrant Certificate Request Notice Date), $10 per Business Day for each Business Day after such Warrant Certificate Delivery Date until such Warrant Certificate is delivered or, prior to delivery of such Warrant Certificate, the Holder rescinds such Warrant Exchange. The Company covenants and agrees that, upon the date of delivery of the Warrant Certificate Request Notice, the Holder shall be deemed to be the holder of the Warrant Certificate and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Warrant Certificate shall be deemed for all purposes to contain all of the terms and conditions of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate and the terms of this Agreement.
2.2.5. Execution. The Warrant Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (an “Authorized Officer”), which need not be the same authorized signatory for all of the Warrant Certificates, either manually or by facsimile signature. The Warrant Certificates shall be countersigned by an authorized signatory of the Warrant Agent, which need not be the same signatory for all of the Warrant Certificates, and no Warrant Certificate shall be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In case any Authorized Officer of the Company that signed any of the Warrant Certificates ceases to be an Authorized Officer of the Company before countersignature by the Warrant Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Warrant Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Warrant Agent, issued and delivered with the same force and effect as though the person who signed such Warrant Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, shall be an Authorized Officer of the Company authorized to sign such Warrant Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Warrant Agreement any such person was not such an Authorized Officer.
2
2.2.6. Registration of Transfer. At any time at or prior to the Expiration Date (as defined below), a transfer of any Warrants may be registered and any Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates may be split up, combined or exchanged for another Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates evidencing the same number of Warrants as the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates surrendered. Any Holder desiring to register the transfer of Warrants or to split up, combine or exchange any Warrant Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Warrant Agent, and shall surrender to the Warrant Agent the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates evidencing the Warrants the transfer of which is to be registered or that is or are to be split up, combined or exchanged and, in the case of registration of transfer, shall provide a signature guarantee. Thereupon, the Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver to the person entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company and the Warrant Agent may require payment, by the Holder requesting a registration of transfer of Warrants or a split-up, combination or exchange of a Warrant Certificate (but, for purposes of clarity, not upon the exercise of the Warrants and issuance of Warrant Shares to the Holder), of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with such registration of transfer, split-up, combination or exchange, together with reimbursement to the Company and the Warrant Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto.
2.2.7. Loss, Theft and Mutilation of Warrant Certificates. Upon receipt by the Company and the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Warrant Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security in customary form and amount, and reimbursement to the Company and the Warrant Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon surrender to the Warrant Agent and cancellation of the Warrant Certificate if mutilated, the Warrant Agent shall, on behalf of the Company, countersign and deliver a new Warrant Certificate of like tenor to the Holder in lieu of the Warrant Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated. The Warrant Agent may charge the Holder an administrative fee for processing the replacement of lost Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent may receive compensation from the surety companies or surety agents for administrative services provided to them.
2.2.8. Proxies. The Holder of a Warrant may grant proxies or otherwise authorize any person, including the Participants and beneficial holders that may own interests through the Participants, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Agreement or the Warrants; provided, however, that at all times that Warrants are evidenced by a Global Warrant, exercise of those Warrants shall be effected on their behalf by Participants through DTC in accordance the procedures administered by DTC.
3. Terms and Exercise of Warrants.
3.1. Exercise Price. Each Warrant shall entitle the Holder, subject to the provisions of the applicable Warrant Certificate and of this Warrant Agreement, to purchase from the Company the number of shares of Common Stock stated therein, at the price as set forth in the Global Warrant, subject to the subsequent adjustments provided in the Global Warrant. The term “Exercise Price” as used in this Warrant Agreement refers to the price per share at which shares of Common Stock may be purchased at the time a Warrant is exercised.
3.2. Duration of Warrants. A Warrant may be exercised only during the period (“Exercise Period”) commencing on the date of issuance and ending on the Termination Date. For purposes of this Warrant Agreement, the “Termination Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Global Warrant. Each Warrant not exercised on or before the Termination Date shall become void, and all rights thereunder and all rights in respect thereof under this Agreement shall cease at the close of business on the Termination Date.
3.3. Exercise of Warrants.
3.3.1. Exercise. Subject to the provisions of the Global Warrant, a Holder (or a Participant or a designee of a Participant acting on behalf of a Holder) may exercise Warrants by delivering to the Warrant Agent, not later than 5:00 P.M., Eastern Standard Time, on any business day during the Exercise Period a notice of exercise of the Warrants to be exercised (i) in the form attached to the Global Warrant or (ii) via an electronic warrant exercise through the DTC system (each, an “Election to Purchase”). All other requirements for the exercise of a Warrant shall be as set forth in the Warrant.
3
3.3.2. The Warrant Agent shall, by 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Trading Day following the Exercise Date of any Warrant, advise the Company, the transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s Common Stock, in respect of (i) the number of Warrant Shares indicated on the Notice of Exercise as issuable upon such exercise with respect to such exercised Warrants, (ii) the instructions of the Holder or Participant, as the case may be, provided to the Warrant Agent with respect to the delivery of the Warrant Shares and the number of Warrants that remain outstanding after such exercise and (iii) such other information as the Company or such transfer agent and registrar shall reasonably request. The Company shall issue the Warrant Shares in compliance with the terms of the Warrant.
3.3.3. Valid Issuance. All Warrant Shares issued by the Company upon the proper exercise of a Warrant in conformity with this Warrant Agreement shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
3.3.4. No Fractional Exercise. Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary, no fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of the Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.
3.3.5. No Transfer Taxes. The Company shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer involved in the issue of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of Warrants; and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any Warrant Shares until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company’s satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.
3.3.6. Date of Issuance. The Company will treat an exercising Holder as a beneficial owner of the Warrant Shares as of the Exercise Date, and for purposes of Regulation SHO, a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC shall be deemed to have exercised its interest in this Warrant upon instructing its broker that is a DTC participant to exercise its interest in this Warrant, except that, if the Exercise Date is a date when the stock transfer books of the Company are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the holder of such shares at the open of business on the next succeeding date on which the stock transfer books are open.
4. Adjustments. Upon every adjustment of the Exercise Price or the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, the Company shall give written notice thereof to the Warrant Agent, which notice shall state the Exercise Price resulting from such adjustment and the increase or decrease, if any, in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable at such price upon the exercise of a Warrant, setting forth in reasonable detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is based. Upon the occurrence of any event specified in Section 3 of the Warrant, then, in any such event, the Company shall give written notice to the Warrant Agent. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such event. The Warrant Agent shall be entitled to rely conclusively on, and shall be fully protected in relying on, any certificate, notice or instructions provided by the Company with respect to any adjustment of the Exercise Price or the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, or any related matter, and the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with any such certificate, notice or instructions or pursuant to this Warrant Agreement. The Warrant Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any such adjustment unless and until it shall have received written notice thereof from the Company.
5. Restrictive Legends; Fractional Warrants. In the event that a Warrant Certificate surrendered for transfer bears a restrictive legend, the Warrant Agent shall not register that transfer until the Warrant Agent has received an opinion of counsel for the Company stating that such transfer may be made and indicating whether the Warrants must also bear a restrictive legend upon that transfer. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any registration of transfer or exchange which will result in the transfer of or delivery of a Warrant Certificate for a fraction of a Warrant.
6. Other Provisions Relating to Rights of Holders of Warrants.
6.1. No Rights as Stockholder. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, a Holder, solely in its capacity as a holder of Warrants, shall not be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of share capital of the Company for any purpose, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant Agreement be construed to confer upon a Holder, solely in its capacity as the registered holder of Warrants, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of stock, reclassification of share capital, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), receive notice of meetings, receive dividends or subscription rights or rights to participate in new issues of shares, or otherwise, prior to the issuance to the Holder of the Warrant Shares which it is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of Warrants.
4
6.2. Reservation of Common Stock. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available a number of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Warrants issued pursuant to this Warrant Agreement.
7. Concerning the Warrant Agent and Other Matters.
7.1. Any instructions given to the Warrant Agent orally, as permitted by any provision of this Warrant Agreement, shall be confirmed in writing by the Company as soon as practicable. The Warrant Agent shall not be liable or responsible and shall be fully authorized and protected for acting, or failing to act, in accordance with any oral instructions which do not conform with the written confirmation received in accordance with this Section 7.1.
7.2. (a) Whether or not any Warrants are exercised, for the Warrant Agent’s services as agent for the Company hereunder, the Company shall pay to the Warrant Agent such fees as may be separately agreed between the Company and Warrant Agent and the Warrant Agent’s out of pocket expenses in connection with this Warrant Agreement, including, without limitation, the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent’s counsel. While the Warrant Agent endeavors to maintain out-of-pocket charges (both internal and external) at competitive rates, these charges may not reflect actual out-of-pocket costs, and may include handling charges to cover internal processing and use of the Warrant Agent’s billing systems. (b) All amounts owed by the Company to the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement are due within 30 days of the invoice date. Delinquent payments are subject to a late payment charge of one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month commencing 45 days from the invoice date. The Company agrees to reimburse the Warrant Agent for any attorney’s fees and any other costs associated with collecting delinquent payments. (c) No provision of this Warrant Agreement shall require Warrant Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties under this Warrant Agreement or in the exercise of its rights.
7.3. As agent for the Company hereunder the Warrant Agent: (a) shall have no duties or obligations other than those specifically set forth herein or as may subsequently be agreed to in writing by the Warrant Agent and the Company; (b) shall be regarded as making no representations and having no responsibilities as to the validity, sufficiency, value, or genuineness of the Warrants or any Warrant Shares; (c) shall not be obligated to take any legal action hereunder; if, however, the Warrant Agent determines to take any legal action hereunder, and where the taking of such action might, in its judgment, subject or expose it to any expense or liability it shall not be required to act unless it has been furnished with an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it; (d) may rely on and shall be fully authorized and protected in acting or failing to act upon any certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or other document or security delivered to the Warrant Agent and believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper party or parties; (e) shall not be liable or responsible for any recital or statement contained in the Registration Statement or any other documents relating thereto; (f) shall not be liable or responsible for any failure on the part of the Company to comply with any of its covenants and obligations relating to the Warrants, including without limitation obligations under applicable securities laws; (g) may rely on and shall be fully authorized and protected in acting or failing to act upon the written, telephonic or oral instructions with respect to any matter relating to its duties as Warrant Agent covered by this Warrant Agreement (or supplementing or qualifying any such actions) of officers of the Company, and is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the Company or counsel to the Company, and may apply to the Company, for advice or instructions in connection with the Warrant Agent’s duties hereunder, and the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any delay in acting while waiting for those instructions; any applications by the Warrant Agent for written instructions from the Company may, at the option of the Agent, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement and the date on or after which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective; the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Warrant Agent in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date specified in such application (which date shall not be less than five business days after the date such application is sent to the Company, unless the Company shall have consented in writing to any earlier date) unless prior to taking any such action, the Warrant Agent shall have received written instructions in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted; (h) may consult with counsel satisfactory to the Warrant Agent, including its in-house counsel, and the advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel; (i) may perform any of its duties hereunder either directly or by or through nominees, correspondents, designees, or subagents, and it shall not be liable or responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any nominee, correspondent, designee, or subagent appointed with reasonable care by it in connection with this Warrant Agreement; (j) is not authorized, and shall have no obligation, to pay any brokers, dealers, or soliciting fees to any person; and (k) shall not be required hereunder to comply with the laws or regulations of any country other than the United States of America or any political subdivision thereof.
5
7.4. (a) In the absence of gross negligence or willful or illegal misconduct on its part, the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it or for any error of judgment made by it in the performance of its duties under this Warrant Agreement. Anything in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall Warrant Agent be liable for special, indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive losses or damages of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Warrant Agent has been advised of the possibility of such losses or damages and regardless of the form of action. Any liability of the Warrant Agent will be limited in the aggregate to the amount of fees paid by the Company hereunder. The Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any failures, delays or losses, arising directly or indirectly out of conditions beyond its reasonable control including, but not limited to, acts of government, exchange or market ruling, suspension of trading, work stoppages or labor disputes, fires, civil disobedience, riots, rebellions, storms, electrical or mechanical failure, computer hardware or software failure, communications facilities failures including telephone failure, war, terrorism, insurrection, earthquakes, floods, acts of God or similar occurrences. (b) In the event any question or dispute arises with respect to the proper interpretation of the Warrants or the Warrant Agent’s duties under this Warrant Agreement or the rights of the Company or of any Holder, the Warrant Agent shall not be required to act and shall not be held liable or responsible for its refusal to act until the question or dispute has been judicially settled (and, if appropriate, it may file a suit in interpleader or for a declaratory judgment for such purpose) by final judgment rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction, binding on all persons interested in the matter which is no longer subject to review or appeal, or settled by a written document in form and substance satisfactory to Warrant Agent and executed by the Company and each such Holder. In addition, the Warrant Agent may require for such purpose, but shall not be obligated to require, the execution of such written settlement by all the Holders and all other persons that may have an interest in the settlement.
7.5. The Company covenants to indemnify the Warrant Agent and hold it harmless from and against any loss, liability, claim or expense (“Loss”) arising out of or in connection with the Warrant Agent’s duties under this Warrant Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any Loss, unless such Loss shall have been determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be a result of the Warrant Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.
7.6. Unless terminated earlier by the parties hereto, this Agreement shall terminate 90 days after the earlier of the Expiration Date and the date on which no Warrants remain outstanding (the “Termination Date”). On the business day following the Termination Date, the Agent shall deliver to the Company any entitlements, if any, held by the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement. The Agent’s right to be reimbursed for fees, charges and out-of-pocket expenses as provided in this Section 8 shall survive the termination of this Warrant Agreement.
7.7. If any provision of this Warrant Agreement shall be held illegal, invalid, or unenforceable by any court, this Warrant Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such provision had not been contained herein and shall be deemed an Agreement among the parties to it to the full extent permitted by applicable law.
7.8. The Company represents and warrants that: (a) it is duly incorporated and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation; (b) the offer and sale of the Warrants and the execution, delivery and performance of all transactions contemplated thereby (including this Warrant Agreement) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in a breach of or constitute a default under the articles of association, bylaws or any similar document of the Company or any indenture, agreement or instrument to which it is a party or is bound; (c) this Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes the legal, valid, binding and enforceable obligation of the Company; (d) the Warrants will comply in all material respects with all applicable requirements of law; and (e) to the best of its knowledge, there is no litigation pending or threatened as of the date hereof in connection with the offering of the Warrants.
6
7.9. In the event of inconsistency between this Warrant Agreement and the descriptions in the Warrant, as it may from time to time be amended, the terms of this Warrant shall control.
7.10. [Reserved].
7.11. Except as expressly set forth elsewhere in this Warrant Agreement, all notices, instructions and communications under this Agreement shall be in writing, shall be effective upon receipt and shall be addressed, if to the Company, to its address set forth beneath its signature to this Agreement, or, if to the Warrant Agent, to Equiniti Trust Company LLC, [ADDRESS], or to such other address of which a party hereto has notified the other party.
7.12. (a) This Warrant Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. All actions and proceedings relating to or arising from, directly or indirectly, this Warrant Agreement may be litigated in courts located within the Borough of Manhattan in the City and State of New York. The Company hereby submits to the personal jurisdiction of such courts and consents that any service of process may be made by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, directed to the Company at its address last specified for notices hereunder. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives the right to a trial by jury in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Warrant Agreement. (b) This Warrant Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assigns of the parties hereto. This Warrant Agreement may not be assigned, or otherwise transferred, in whole or in part, by either party without the prior written consent of the other party, which the other party will not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay; except that (i) consent is not required for an assignment or delegation of duties by Warrant Agent to any affiliate of Warrant Agent and (ii) any reorganization, merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other form of business combination by Warrant Agent or the Company shall not be deemed to constitute an assignment of this Warrant Agreement. (c) No provision of this Warrant Agreement may be amended, modified or waived, except in a written document signed by both parties. The Company and the Warrant Agent may amend or supplement this Warrant Agreement without the consent of any Holder for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein or adding or changing any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the parties may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties determine, in good faith, shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders. All other amendments and supplements shall require the vote or written consent of Holders of at least 50.1% of the then outstanding Warrants, provided that adjustments may be made to the Warrant terms and rights in accordance with Section 4 without the consent of the Holders.
7.13. Payment of Taxes. The Company will from time to time promptly pay all taxes and charges that may be imposed upon the Company or the Warrant Agent in respect of the issuance or delivery of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of Warrants, but the Company may require the Holders to pay any transfer taxes in respect of the Warrants or such shares. The Warrant Agent may refrain from registering any transfer of Warrants or any delivery of any Warrant Shares unless or until the persons requesting the registration or issuance shall have paid to the Warrant Agent for the account of the Company the amount of such tax or charge, if any, or shall have established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company and the Warrant Agent that such tax or charge, if any, has been paid.
7.14. Resignation of Warrant Agent.
7.14.1. Appointment of Successor Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent, or any successor to it hereafter appointed, may resign its duties and be discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder after giving thirty (30) days’ notice in writing to the Company, or such shorter period of time agreed to by the Company. The Company may terminate the services of the Warrant Agent, or any successor Warrant Agent, after giving thirty (30) days’ notice in writing to the Warrant Agent or successor Warrant Agent, or such shorter period of time as agreed. If the office of the Warrant Agent becomes vacant by resignation, termination or incapacity to act or otherwise, the Company shall appoint in writing a successor Warrant Agent in place of the Warrant Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the Warrant Agent, then the Warrant Agent or any Holder may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Warrant Agent at the Company’s cost. Pending appointment of a successor to such Warrant Agent, either by the Company or by such a court, the duties of the Warrant Agent shall be carried out by the Company. Any successor Warrant Agent (but not including the initial Warrant Agent), whether appointed by the Company or by such court, shall be a person organized and existing under the laws of any state of the United States of America, in good standing, and authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. After appointment, any successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with all the authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations of its predecessor Warrant Agent with like effect as if originally named as Warrant Agent hereunder, without any further act or deed, and except for executing and delivering documents as provided in the sentence that follows, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall have no further duties, obligations, responsibilities or liabilities hereunder, but shall be entitled to all rights that survive the termination of this Warrant Agreement and the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent, including but not limited to its right to indemnity hereunder. If for any reason it becomes necessary or appropriate or at the request of the Company, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall execute and deliver, at the expense of the Company, an instrument transferring to such successor Warrant Agent all the authority, powers, and rights of such predecessor Warrant Agent hereunder; and upon request of any successor Warrant Agent the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge, and deliver any and all instruments in writing for more fully and effectually vesting in and confirming to such successor Warrant Agent all such authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations.
7
7.14.2. Notice of Successor Warrant Agent. In the event a successor Warrant Agent shall be appointed, the Company shall give notice thereof to the predecessor Warrant Agent and the transfer agent for the Common Stock not later than the effective date of any such appointment.
7.14.3. Merger or Consolidation of Warrant Agent. Any person into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated or any person resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party or any person succeeding to the shareowner services business of the Warrant Agent or any successor Warrant Agent shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement, without any further act or deed. For purposes of this Warrant Agreement, “person” shall mean any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust or other entity, and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) thereof or thereto.
8. Miscellaneous Provisions.
8.1. Persons Having Rights under this Warrant Agreement. Nothing in this Warrant Agreement expressed and nothing that may be implied from any of the provisions hereof is intended, or shall be construed, to confer upon, or give to, any person or corporation other than the parties hereto any right, remedy, or claim under or by reason of this Warrant Agreement or of any covenant, condition, stipulation, promise, or agreement hereof.
8.2. Examination of the Warrant Agreement. A copy of this Warrant Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the office of the Warrant Agent designated for such purpose for inspection by any Holder. Prior to such inspection, the Warrant Agent may require any such holder to provide reasonable evidence of its interest in the Warrants.
8.3. Counterparts. This Warrant Agreement may be executed in any number of original, facsimile or electronic counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
8.4. Effect of Headings. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and are not part of this Warrant Agreement and shall not affect the interpretation thereof.
9. Certain Definitions. As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(a) “Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Trading Market, or, if the Trading Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market in the United States on which the Common Stock is then traded, provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Stock is are scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Stock is suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00 P.M., Eastern Standard Time).
(b) “Trading Market” means NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange.
[Signature Page Follows]
8
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Warrant Agent Agreement has been duly executed by the parties hereto as of the day and year first above written.
| DUKE Robotics Corp. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Equiniti Trust Company LLC | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
EXHIBIT A
[GLOBAL WARRANT]
EXHIBIT B
WARRANT CERTIFICATE REQUEST NOTICE
To: ___________ as Warrant Agent for __________ (the “Company”)
The undersigned Holder of Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) in the form of Global Warrants issued by the Company hereby elects to receive a Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants held by the Holder as specified below:
| 1. | Name of Holder of Warrants in form of Global Warrants: _____________________________ |
| 2. | Name of Holder in Warrant Certificate (if different from name of Holder of Warrants in form of Global Warrants): ________________________________ |
| 3. | Number of Warrants in name of Holder in form of Global Warrants: ___________________ |
| 4. | Number of Warrants for which Warrant Certificate shall be issued: __________________ |
| 5. | Number of Warrants in name of Holder in form of Global Warrants after issuance of Warrant Certificate, if any: ___________ |
| 6. | Warrant Certificate shall be delivered to the following address: |
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
The undersigned hereby acknowledges and agrees that, in connection with this Warrant Exchange and the issuance of the Warrant Certificate, the Holder is deemed to have surrendered the number of Warrants in form of Global Warrants in the name of the Holder equal to the number of Warrants evidenced by the Warrant Certificate.
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity: ____________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: ______________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________________
Date: _______________________________________________________________
Exhibit 5.1
April 27, 2026
DUKE Robotics Corp.
10 HaRimon Street
Mevo Carmel Science and Industrial Park
Israel, 2069203
Re: Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This opinion is furnished to you in connection with a registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-294808) (the “Registration Statement”), filed by DUKE Robotics Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), dated as of the date of this opinion, relating to the proposed offering: (A) by the Company of (i) units (the “Units”) consisting of: (x) common shares, par value $0.0001, of the Company (the “Common Stock” and such number of Common Stock issued and sold in the Offering being the “Offered Shares”); and (y) Common Stock purchase warrants (each, a “Common Warrant” and such number of Warrants issued and sold in the Offering being the “Offered Warrants”), each exercisable into one share of Common Stock (each, a “Common Warrant Share”); and (ii)shares of Common Stock ( the “Representative Warrant Shares” and together with the Common Warrant Shares, the “Warrant Shares”) issuable upon exercise of warrants to be issued to the representative of the several underwriters named in the Registration Statement (the “Representative Warrants” and together with the Common Warrants, the “Warrants”), for aggregate gross proceeds of up to US$9,200,000 (the “Offering”), pursuant to an underwriting agreement to be entered into on or prior to the closing date of the Offering between the Company and Maxim Group LLC, as representative, and other underwriters to be named therein, as applicable (the “Underwriters”); and (B) by certain existing stockholders identified in the Registration Statement (the “Selling Stockholders”) of up to 170,954 shares of Common Stock (the “Selling Stockholder Shares”). The Units, Offered Shares, Offered Warrants and Selling Stockholder Shares together with any additional Offered Shares and Offered Warrants issued to the Underwriters to cover over-allotments, if any, are collectively referred to as the “Securities”.
We are acting as special counsel for the Company in connection with the Registration Statement. In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of the Registration Statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, and have also examined and relied upon the agreements entered into in connection with the Offering, including the Underwriting Agreement in the form filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement (the “Underwriting Agreement”), the form of Common Warrant, the form of Representative’s Warrants, the minutes of meetings and resolutions of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) as provided to us by the Company, the organizational documents of the Company, including the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended, and bylaws, as amended, each as currently in effect, and such other documents as we have deemed necessary for purposes of rendering the opinion hereinafter set forth.
DUKE Robotics Corp.
April 27, 2026
Page 2
In addition to the foregoing, we have relied as to matters of fact upon the representations made by the Company and its representatives. In our examination of the foregoing documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents and the legal competence of all signatories to such documents. Other than our examination of the documents indicated above, we have made no other examination in connection with this opinion.
The opinions rendered herein are limited to the Nevada Revised State Statutes and the federal laws of the United States. For purposes of our opinion, we have examined an official compilation of “Title 7 - Business Associations; Securities; Commodities, Chapter - 78 - Private Corporations” of the Nevada Revised Statutes. Such examination was limited to the provisions of such statute only, and did not include any annotations or commentary related thereto. We do not purport to be experts on the laws of the State of Nevada and our opinion is based upon such limited experience. Our opinion is based on these laws as in effect on the date hereof. We express no opinion as to whether the laws of any other jurisdiction are applicable to the subject matter hereof.
Our opinions expressed herein are subject to the following qualifications and exceptions: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium, or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, including, without limitation, laws relating to fraudulent transfers or conveyances, preferences, and equitable subordination; and (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are of the opinion that, upon (i) due action by the Board or a duly appointed committee thereof to determine the price per share of the Shares and the exercise price of the Warrants and the Representative’s Warrants, (ii) the due execution and delivery of the Underwriting Agreement by the parties thereto, (iii) issuance of the Securities pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement and/or in the manner described in the Registration Statement, and (iv) the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act:
| (i) | the Shares will have been duly authorized by the Company, and when issued and sold as described in the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock; |
| (ii) | The Warrants will have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and sold in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement and as described in the Registration Statement, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms; and |
| (iii) | the Warrant Shares, when issued and sold by the Company and paid for in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, as described in the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock. |
In addition, based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are also of the opinion that the Selling Stockholder Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock.
This opinion letter speaks only as of the date hereof and we assume no obligation to update or supplement this opinion letter if any applicable laws change after the date of this opinion letter or if we become aware after the date of this opinion letter of any facts, whether existing before or arising after the date hereof, that might change the opinions expressed above.
DUKE Robotics Corp.
April 27, 2026
Page 3
This opinion is furnished in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement and may not be relied upon for any other purpose without our prior written consent in each instance. Further, no portion of this opinion may be quoted, circulated or referred to in any other document for any other purpose without our prior written consent.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
| Very truly yours, | |
| SULLIVAN & WORCESTER LLP | |
| /s/ Sullivan & Worcester LLP |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the use of our report dated February March 12, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of DUKE Robotics Corp. included herein and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.
/s/ Somekh Chaikin
Somekh Chaikin
Member Firm of KPMG International
Tel Aviv, Israel
April 27, 2026