Good evening, and welcome to Dyadic International's Q1-2026 conference call. Currently, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following management's prepared remarks, there will be a brief question and answer session. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded today, May 13, 2026. I would now like to turn the call over to Ms. Ping Rawson, Dyadic's Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Operator. Good evening, and welcome everyone to Dyadix's first quarter, 2026 conference call. I hope you have had the opportunity to review Dyadix's press releases announcing financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. You may access our release and form 10Q under the Investors section of the company's website at dyadix.com. On today's call, our President and Chief Operating Officer, Joe Hazleton, will review our Q1 2026 business and corporate highlights and provide commentary on the strategic direction of the business. Our CEO Mark Edelbar will provide an update on our biopharmaceutical programs and I will follow with a review of our financial results in more detail after which we will hold a brief Q&A session. At this time I would like to inform you that certain commentary made in this constant call may be considered poor-looking statements which involve risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause diatic's actual results, performance, scientific or otherwise, or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these poor-looking statements. Diatic expressly disclaims any duty to provide updates to its poor-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise. Participants are directed to the risk factors set forth in dietetics' reports filed with the SEC. It is now my pleasure to pass the call to our President and CEO, Joe Hazleton.

Thanks, Ping, and thank you, everyone, for joining us today. As we recently held our full-year 2025 earnings call, Today, we want to build on the updates we provided in March by focusing on the continued operational and commercial progress we're making across the business and why we believe Dyadic is increasingly well-positioned for the future. Over the last several years, we have worked to transform Dyadic from a platform technology company into a commercially focused biotechnology company capable of generating recurring revenues from products, partnerships, licensing opportunities, and strategic collaborations. While we're still in the early stages of that transition, we believe the progress made during 2025 and into 2026 demonstrates that the business today is materially different than it was even a year ago. Importantly, products enabled by our microbial production platforms are now entering commercial channels. We have products launched, products being shipped, products being sampled by customers, and products beginning to generate revenues through direct sales, OEM distribution, milestone payments, profit-sharing arrangements, and strategic partnerships. For investors, the key point is that Dyadic is building multiple potential paths to revenue creation rather than relying on a single product or market opportunity. A strong example is Proliant Health and Biological's commercial launch of Albu3DX, recombinant human albumin, produced using Dyadic's platform technology. Dyadic is eligible to receive a share of the profits from product sales. We believe the significance of this launch extends beyond the economics themselves. It demonstrates that the established industry participants are willing to commercialize products produced using our technology platform and bring them into commercial channels. Similarly, Enzymes has now commercialized recombinant non-animal bovine chymosin after successfully achieving developmental milestones. This is another important validation point for our technology and commercialization models. As additional partners bring products to markets, we believe awareness and interest in our platforms will continue to increase. Since these launches and partnership announcements, we've seen growing inbound interest from potential partners, distributors, and customers evaluating our technology for additional proteins and enzymes across life sciences, food and nutrition, and industrial applications. Our strategy is centered around leveraging our proprietary C1 and DAPA-VIS microbial production platforms to produce animal-free proteins and enzymes for large and growing global markets where scalability, manufacturing economics, supply chain reliability, and sustainability matter. We believe our technology is particularly well-suited for these markets because of the many products we target require stable manufacturing, competitive economics, and consistent quality. Traditional production systems can be expensive, difficult to scale, or dependent on animal-derived inputs. Our platforms are designed to address those challenges while enabling partners and customers to move toward more sustainable and animal-free solutions. In life science, we are focused on recombinant proteins and enzymes used in cell culture media, diagnostics, molecular biology, and bioprocessing applications. These are attractive markets because many products are consumables that generate recurring demand once qualified into customer workflows. For example, recombinant transfer is used in serum-free and animal-free cell culture media and supports cell growth and viability. Demand for transferring can scale alongside growth in cultivated meat, biologics manufacturing, and advanced cell culture applications. During the quarter, we continued to expand customer engagement around recombinant bovine transferring and received initial purchase orders within the cultivated meat segment. While still early, we believe this is an important indicator of market adoption. These markets typically develop through progression of evaluation, sampling, qualification, initial purchasing, and ultimately repeat ordering as customer production scales. We also continue advancing recombinant growth factors and additional cell culture components designed to support broader transition towards animal-free media systems. Another important milestone was our OEM distribution agreement with IBT Bioservices. Through this relationship, IBT will commercialize dyadic recombinant products, including DNA-S1 and Transferin, through its established global distribution channels. We believe this is strategically important because it expands market reach while allowing dyadic to remain capital efficient. DNAs1 represents another example of how we intend to commercialize products across multiple channels. Together with Firmbox Bio, we commercially launched recombinant animal origin-free DNAs1 earlier this year, and DNAs1 is broadly used in molecular biology, diagnostics, and bioprocessing workforce. In food and nutrition, we remain focused on large global markets where animal-free proteins may provide functional, sustainability, and supply chain advantages. Our agreement with BrigBio for development of recombinant bovine alpha-lacta albumin is an example of this strategy. Alpha-lacta albumin is a key whey protein with applications in infant nutrition, medical nutrition, and functional food products. Under the agreement, development work is underway, including product optimization and application testing, with customer sampling currently expected to begin in mid-2026. We're also continuing development activities for recombinant human lactoferrin, another high-value functional protein with applications across nutrition and wellness markets. Importantly, we're prioritizing opportunities where our platforms can address markets that are both large and recurring. We believe this creates the potential for long-term value creation as customers increasingly seek scalable, animal-free, and cost-effective production alternatives. In bioindustrial markets, our partnership with Firmbox Bio continues to advance manufacturing scale-up and commercialization activities across multiple products. Firmbox provides an efficient pathway to manufacturing capacity and commercial scale without requiring Dyadic to build significant internal infrastructure. Their N3Zine product, produced using our DAPA-BIS technology, previously fulfilled its first large-scale commercial order and continues expanded sampling activity into additional geographic markets, including Asia Pacific. Across all these initiatives, our commercial strategy remains disciplined and focused. We're emphasizing larger strategic partnerships, leveraging established commercial channels where possible, expanding direct product opportunities selectively, and maintaining careful expense management while we continue building the business. We also recognize that investors remain focused on financial performance and stock price, and we understand that Dyadic is still viewed by many as a company in transition. However, we believe the operational progress made over the last year meaningfully differentiates the business today from where it has been historically. Importantly, this evolution also represents a return to Dyadic's roots. Prior to focusing on biotechnology platform development, Diatic successfully developed, manufactured, and commercialized industrial enzymes globally. Today, we're leveraging the technologies and intellectual property developed over the past decades to build a product-driven business focus on recombinant proteins and enzymes across life sciences, food and nutrition, and industrial markets. We now have products commercially launched, product shipments underway, initial purchase orders, established distribution relationships, manufacturing partners, and multiple opportunities to build recurring product revenues through direct sales, licensing, milestones, and strategic collaborations. While we recognize that investors ultimately want to see sustained revenue growth and broader commercial adoption, we believe the underlying foundation of the business continues to strengthen. We now have multiple products commercialized or entering commercial channels, a growing partner network, increasing manufacturing capabilities, expanding geographic reach, and a broader set of opportunities to generate future revenues. We believe where DAC is heading today is significantly stronger than where the company has been historically, and we remain focused on executing that transition responsibly, efficiently, and methodically. With that, I'm going to turn the call over to Mark to discuss our biopharmaceutical programs and broader strategic implications for our technology platform.

Thank you, Joe. While Dyadic's primary commercial focus remains on non-pharmaceutical markets, our biopharmaceutical activities continue to play an important strategic role by validating the capabilities of the C1 platform, generating non-dilutive funding, and creating potential potential future licensing and partnership opportunities. Our approach in BioPharma remains disciplined, capital efficient, and partner-driven. Rather than independently funding large clinical development programs, we are collaborating with government agencies, global health organizations, academic institutions, and industry partners that recognize the potential advantages of flexible and scalable biologic manufacturing technologies. Through collaborations with organizations including the Gates Foundation and CEPI, in collaboration with Fundazione Biotechnopology Siena, we continue advancing programs involving monoclonal antibodies and recombinant vaccine antigens while generating additional data supporting the scalability, flexibility, and manufacturing advantages of the C1 platform. Our Gates Foundation-supported collaboration, funded under an approximately $3. million grant program, continues advancing low-cost monoclonal antibodies targeting RFV and malaria, with ongoing studies demonstrating comparability between certain C1-produced monoclonal antibodies and CHO-derived antibodies, the current industry standard. We also continue advancing activities under the CEPI-supported collaboration through Fundazione Biotechnopolo di Siena, where Dyatic is eligible to receive up to approximately $2.4 million to support recombinant vaccine development, scale-up, supporting future manufacturing capabilities, and speed the market. Importantly, these programs continue generating data, supporting the ability of a C1 platform to rapidly develop and scale complex recombinant proteins, including monoclonal antibodies and vaccine antigens. Beyond these programs, we remain engaged across a broader portfolio of government-supported and partner-funded initiatives involving respiratory viruses, malaria, mares, rabies, and as evidenced by recent events, additional emerging infectious disease applications. Importantly, these collaborations continue expanding the body of data, supporting the versatility of the C1 platform across multiple protein classes and therapeutic targets, while also positioning the attic for potential future licensing opportunities, milestone payments, royalties, technology access agreements, strategic partnerships, and manufacturing relationships. At the same time, we are beginning to see meaningful commercialization progress across our non-pharmaceutical businesses through product launches, initial customer orders, commercial shipments, manufacturing partnerships, distribution relationships, and expanding business development activities involving recombinant animal-free proteins and enzymes. We believe these commercial activities not only create potential revenue opportunities, but help validate the scalability and broader applicability of our underlying production platforms. Taken together, we believe DIAC is continuing to build a diversified opportunity set that combines near-term commercial product opportunities with longer-term strategic platform value. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Ping to review the financial results for the quarter.

Thank you, Mark. I will now go over our key financial results for the first quarter of 2026 in more detail. You can find additional information in our earnings, price release, and form 10Q, which we filed earlier today. Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was approximately $1.1 million representing an increase of 182% compared to approximately $394,000 for the first quarter of 2025. The increase was driven by higher research and development revenue of $220,000 including the Perline Agreement. ongoing grant revenues of $277,000 funded by SAPI and the Gates Foundation, as well as milestone revenue of $200,000 recognized under the Inzines Agreement. Total cost of revenue for the quarter was approximately $792,000 compared to approximately $298,000 for the first quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily related to higher activity levels associated with our research and development and the grant-funded programs, particularly under the SAFI and the Gates Foundation Initiatives. Internal research and development expenses decreased modestly to approximately 4% year-over-year to approximately $476,000, primarily reflecting a slight reduction in the number of active internal research and commercial initiatives during the quarter. DNA expenses increased by $159,000, or 10%, year-over-year, to approximately $1.8 million. The increase was primarily driven by higher legal and accounting expenses of $221,000 and rebranding and business development activities, partially offset by lower share-based compensation expenses of $110,000 and reduced insurance costs. Lawsum operations improved by approximately 5% year-over-year to approximately $1.9 million dollars compared to approximately two million dollars in the prior year period. The improvement was mainly driven by the significant increase in revenue and the lower research and development expenses, partially offset by higher costs associated with revenue-generating activities and increased G&A expenses. Net loss for the quarter was approximately 1.95 million dollars or five cents per share compared to approximately $2.03 million or $0.07 per share for the same period a year ago. We ended the first quarter of 2026 with approximately $6.6 million in cash, cash-equivalent, restricted cash, and investment-grade securities. Looking ahead through the remainder of 2026, we expect to see growth in product revenues across our life sciences and food and nutrition business, supported by recent product launches, expanding commercial activities, and growing customer engagement. We remain focused on building recurring revenue opportunities while maintaining disciplined cash management and keeping operating expenses generally in line with 2025 levels. As we discussed on our year-end call in March, we continue to believe our existing cash resources will provide cash runway into Q2, 2027. We will also continue to evaluate strategic partnerships and capital markets opportunities to further strengthen our balance sheet and support long-term growth. With that, I will now ask the operator to begin our Q&A session. each caller will be allowed one question and one follow-up question to provide all callers with an opportunity to participate. If time permits, the operator will allow additional questions from those who have already spoken. I will ask the operator to begin our Q&A session, after which Joe Hazelton will provide closing remarks. Operator?

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad, and a confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we pull for questions. And the first question comes from the line of Matt Hewitt with Craig Hallam Capital Group. Please proceed.

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions, and congratulations on your progress. Maybe first up, on the recombinant bovine transfer that you've sent initial customer orders out now, how should we be thinking about that ramp, not just this year, but I guess over the next couple of years?

Do you anticipate a nice, steady growth in that, or is it going to be fits in the starts, at least here out of the gate? actually it's a great question man thanks for asking it's i anticipate it's going to be steady but i don't think it'll be you know like hockey stick level growth what we're seeing is the initial pilot scales are starting to grow which obviously you know we're talking you know small kilogram orders right and then as we move into actual commercial production we see cultivated of meat approved by regulatory bodies, that's when you'll see the volume start to significantly increase because obviously the amounts needed will start to grow. But each individual product needs to be approved, you know, similar to, you know, how things work in the biofarmaceutical side. So if you're doing a, you know, a steak, that steak gets approved for a specific animal cell line. And then obviously they could do, you know, a different animal cell line and another product gets approved. So as these grow, I don't think it'll be sustained growth, but I don't think it'll be significant. But I think the bigger market is also that it's not just cultured meat. Bovine transfer is also used in serum-free cell culture applications and diagnostics, as well as other bioprocessing and biomanufacturing workflows. So we'll start to see an increase in our research use in that category as well. So it's not just cultivated meat, but we're also looking at IBT will be launching this product as well. So we'll start to see revenues coming from other places.

Got it. Super helpful. And then maybe a follow-up question for Mark. And I think you may have hinted at this a little bit in your preparator marks, but during COVID, there was a lot of commentary about how C1 could help accelerate and expand the opportunity for COVID vaccines. And obviously there's been a lot of headlines over the past couple of weeks regarding the Hantavirus, and I'm just curious if that creates or that presents a similar type opportunity and whether or not you think that C1 could help with potential vaccines for that virus Thank you.

Yeah, Matt, thanks. That's a good question. I don't think we could help. I know we could help. We've developed the technology that's even better than it was during COVID. During COVID, we were faster, quicker, and cheaper than, let's say, Sanofi and Novavax's insect cell technologies by many times. But in the CEPI program, this is what's important because when we look at why we're funding through third-party CEPI, CEPI, Engage, et cetera, is we're continuing to advance the technology. As good as it was, it's a lot faster and it's a lot better today in terms of the ability to get there faster, to produce more with higher quality complex proteins. And to be honest, in the CEPI program, which we're running with Reno Rappioli with the Foundation Biotechnopola de Siena, we've demonstrated now from the plasmid, once we get a codonothomy plasmid, with under three weeks, we can have stable cell lines run from fermentations and purification to the initial stage of purification of high-yield, high-quality proteins that match binding and neutralization for antibodies, and of course, obviously, neutralization for the vaccines. And I think it's important in the monoclonal antibodies, not just by vaccines, that really, I think, elephant in the room was monoclonal antibodies. And during COVID, there was a 1% deadly disease. If this thing's 35%, 40%, 30%, even 10% deadly, and people get infected, you need antibodies. You don't need a vaccine. It's too late. And so we can get to those antibody proteins much faster and larger volumes, much more affordably, without having to remove viruses. So this funding is really critical, not only for dyadic, but quite frankly, for humanity.

I think the only thing I'd add to that, Matt, is, as Mark pointed out, we are in a different place. We also have first-in-human data. So between COVID and today, we completed a Phase I study that demonstrated the C1 protein was safe and effective for use in the human application. We also have non-human primate studies completed with submonoclonal antibodies. So, when you look at, you know, de-risking the platform for human therapeutics, I think, you know, in a pandemic situation, we're at a much stronger point. So, again, obviously no one hopes for a pandemic situation, but, you know, should things start to turn, we're in a much better position for funding opportunities and, obviously, those types of things as we move forward. So, we're obviously going to continue to focus in that area.

No, good point.

That's very helpful.

The next question comes from the line of John Vandermosen with Zax. Please proceed.

I'd like to dig into the relationship with Interlink. Joe, I recall, maybe I don't remember correctly, but I thought you were heading to Asia to talk to some prospects that they identified.

Can you tell us how that's been going with them and if you've made any movement with any of the people that they connected you with? absolutely john and great question yes we've actually expanded uh our agreement that was in the the press release as well to include europe now so essentially they expand our business development footprint very cost efficiently so that they're out there being able to target and at least generate the initial customer development and obviously then you know mark and i have to to come in at some point as we continue to progress those what we've had uh what i think a significant success at least initially in Japan with getting customer engagement. We're in the process of identifying product opportunities. We've shipped samples to some of the customers, but I really think they give us the added horsepower that obviously I don't have or, you know, the mark doesn't have available as we're doing a hundred other different things, but they give us the capability to keep these customers moving towards, you know, revenue new agreements that we don't have internally today, but much more cost effectively. And they're well entrenched. They actually were headquartered and based in Japan, so they're well entrenched in Asia Pacific. They do have a very strong team in the EU as well. So now that that's kicking off, I anticipate we'll start to see increased sampling activity and hopefully increased product purchases as we move forward. But they really helped me from a distribution standpoint, also finding out which distributors are ready for these products, which ones we can target to move products faster, and obviously which ones are focused in the same areas that we are, like cell culture media and molecular biology workflows. So it definitely helps us focus our efforts in the right places and supports our activities, our business development activities in those areas.

Okay. And another line item in the press release was about the IBT arrangement, and I wanted to see what the next steps were. What are the next steps after the support channel receives the inventory?

After the support channel, essentially, I guess I might as well let you know, the product actually shipped this week. So we're shipping our first products, which are DNAs1 and transferrin. We will have other products that they will be, you know, putting into the channels as well. We'll be looking at things like recombinant alpha-lacta albumin, human alpha-lacta albumin for cell culture applications, human transferrin as well. So there will be multiple products, but we started with DNA swan and bovine transfer because those are ready to go. But those products have shipped. They now will then start to distribute that throughout their global distribution network, and then their sales teams then in turn go out to the individual customers, so academic institutions, hospitals in some cases, research organizations. So right now we're selling research use products. So those are the types of organizations that their teams will be focused on. So, again, it basically takes our products, gives us a sales force, and gets them into the market.

Okay. Thanks, Joe. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. And the next question will come again from the line of John Vandermosen with Zacks. Please proceed.

Great. Thanks for the follow-up. Ping, the next question was for you. Now that we're coming up on mid-year, what's your best guess on Cash Burn?

Hi, Doug. Good question. I think that's the question that we're very interested in. As you see from the press release, at the end of March, we have $6.6 million cash. It's actually equivalent to restricted cash and investment-grade securities. As I mentioned earlier, we expected to have the same level of cash burn as previous years, which we are less than $5.7 million last year. So we expect the same level, if not less than that, which means we will have enough cash runway into next year, this time at least.

Okay, thank you.

You're welcome.

Operator, are there any further questions?

No, there are no further questions. Oh, well, actually, sorry. We do have a question from Louis Garcia, who is a private investor. Please proceed.

How are you doing, guys?

Good, Louis.

Okay, just a couple questions here. Are we – I've noticed that Codex is sort of doing a lot of things. Do we have anything still hooked up with them where we might get some royalties from products that they produce? Or do they use any C1 and anything of their – that they produce?

Yeah, we don't have anything that's publicly reportable with Codex from the past. If you remember, we sold that business due to profit for $75 million. Okay. Anything going on is going there, but, you know, there have been discussions in the past and the recent months of where we might have some benefits for each other. Okay.

How about, have we already received some royalties from Firmbox and things that we've done, or is that still sort of like in the pipeline?

It's in the pipeline. We expect we will see them in 2026. Obviously, our focus is on growing the products right now, but we do expect to see the initial revenues, at least from the bioindustrial products, in 2026. So that is anticipated.

Okay, one more. Fibro, they've been using our products and doing research. Is there any time for the timeframe where you think we might be able to start finally getting something going on their end, because their stock has also been doing very well. And, you know, just seeing if we can sort of jump in on that bandwagon with them if they were to throw something our way.

It's a great point, and honestly, it's also an example, one of the reasons why we shifted towards, you know, non-pharmaceuticals. While the partnership itself has what I think it's been tremendous, they've invested a lot of time and effort into bringing a poultry vaccine, to market. They still have a little bit of ways to go. My anticipation is they will be in clinical trials this year, which could put approval in the next 12 to 24 months. Also, it depends on how quick and how stacked up the regulatory authorities are in the EU and in the U.S., depending on where they're going to launch first. But we will have some milestones associated with some of the regulatory approval process, but I do think, you know, that there should be some news flow coming out, you know, potentially in 2026, but definitely in 2027 around February.

And just to add some color, I mean, that's been very successful from the technology side, our side, in terms of the yield and the performance. And so, you know, as Joe said, we're going to expect some milestones and potential, hopefully an expansion, maybe potentially their license as well to go into different vaccines that aren't included in what they have now.

But again, they're kind of right in the time frame. I mean, it takes five to seven years to bring a new product to market in that space. And, you know, we signed the deal, I think, in 2018. And, you know, here we are seven years later, and they're getting ready to move into clinical phases. So, again, it's right on time, but just slower than we'd like, which is why we're moving towards the non-pharmaceutical products.

And the next question comes from the line of Glenn Primack with Lusa Investment Group. Please proceed.

Good afternoon. I'm guessing like, boy, you guys have done a lot of spare time for playing golf or anything. It's quite amazing how much you've accomplished. And I have to imagine, you know, Mark's probably bones off the hook with the, you know, So, Hantavirus and, Joe, everything I've been reading in these trade journals sound like shortages away and these food companies can't get protein. You know, your distributors have to be, you know, maybe kind of excited to get your solution out there. With that said, Payne, what do you think? Are you guys going to need to add some bodies headcount-wise come 27 as you continue to ramp?

It's a great question. I mean, obviously, we're going to do anything we do in that nature is going to be, you know, judiciously and basically driven by product sales. So as things start to scale, we will need additional support operationally just for product shipments, product manufacturing. You know, that does take, you know, a significant amount of time to, you know, get products labeled correctly, make sure they get out the door. But, you know, not something we're going to do immediately, but it is on the radar as these products start to scale. But it's going to be revenue dependent. As things start to move, we will look at, you know, which parts of the company we need to support further and pull that up. But obviously, our main focus right now is on, you know, getting more product into the market so the revenues start to drive. and then we'll look to improve our capability internally. But it's a great question.

Yeah, well, I mean, I think as Joe pointed out, we just hired IDT to go in for the European market because they've done a great job in Japan. And so, you know, we now have experience with their sales team, at least in the Japanese, and their oversight in the general manager. And we now believe that going after the European market on these cell culture media, DNA swan, RNA enzymes, culture meat, cell enzyme therapy, all the things that were launched and have launched and are launching, like transferrin and helping with Reliant. We need more people and we're doing it judiciously. Joe said, in this case, it's IDT, but we've hired them as our sales force so we don't have to go hire people. And they have the contacts that we don't have. So this would be a faster way to get to the market.

Got it. And the margins are still really, really, really, really good. I hope you guys get some rest this weekend, just a little bit, and I hope to see you at that biotech show in San Diego in June.

You certainly will. We'll be there, Glenn.

Thanks.

Thank you.

And the next question comes from the line of Tony Bowers with Intro Act. Please proceed.

Hey, Joe. Yeah, nice progress. I wonder if you could just reflect on the nutritional market, what the potential is for cultured meat demand for your ingredients versus the non-animal dairy. I think cultured meat seems struggling to take off the non-animal dairy side. I think there's got to be a huge conceptual demand. and with agricultural inputs going up, that can only help.

And, Tony, it's a great question, and obviously you always have great insight into the market, and you're exactly right. The demand, as I would say, is more acute in cultured meat because they realize in order to compete in the market, they have to drastically reduce their production costs. Similarly, it's a similar problem in the non-animal dairy space, but it's a little different in that you're competing with, you know, milk-derived products. So it's about scale. You have to be able to produce these at large scales and at lower cost to compete with milk. So they both need a lower cost just, you know, in a little bit two different ways. So I think that's also why we have an advantage. I think cultured meat, like I said, the demand is more acute because they are in pilot phase and they are seeking regulatory approval. So, you know, if they get the regulatory approval, they have to be able to bring the cost of the final product down if they're going to be able to compete beyond high-end uses in restaurants. So I think that will have to, you know, remain to be seen. On the non-animal dairy side, that is going to continue to pick up, but it is all about scale. You know, obviously, I think we saw what happened with Perfect Day. You know, there's a little, there's a scarcity of protein in that, or non-animal protein in that segment. And I do believe we can help to fill that gap. But it is about being able to scale the production strains up to the levels necessary to compete in the market. And that's what we're focused on right now. But you're 100% right that there's a lot of demand there in both segments. But I do think the near-term opportunity for us, at least in terms of direct revenues, is just going to be cultured meat for a little while as we start to ramp and scale in non-animal dairy. But overall, non-animal dairy will dwarf cultured meat as a market for the foreseeable future. I mean, that's just the way it is.

Which geographies do you think will have the least regulatory problem on the meat side?

Honestly, I think the U.S. will probably have the least regulatory one, at least from our standpoint. Obviously, we have a grass-certified organism. We got that in 2009. So we're using self-affirmed grass pathway for these products. Enzymes, they filed their self-affirmed grass this year, and they're already commercializing their bovine chymosin. And, you know, we'll use the same process for, you know, for alpha-lacta albumin. So I think the U.S. market, again, at least now, is a little more regulatory friendly than the EU. But I definitely, you know, that obviously could change tomorrow. But I think with the demand for protein and the demand for more specialized and cleaner nutrition, I don't see, you know, significant regulatory changes in the short term.

Yeah, and I think that if you recall, you know, BASF has their own grass approvals in the EU and U.S. on the PASCOR technology platform. But it's interesting because with the situation in the Gulf, you know, with Fernbox and the enzyme that turns biomass into sugars, you know, renewable fuels and chemicals are potentially back in vogue with people paying attention. We can't rely on oil. And so I think that our positioning and with our technology, the activist, is ideally suited to turn biomass into sugar. and we've already re-entered that space with Fernbox and they and us are trying to expand that as the situation in the Gulf continues to fester.

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time and I will now turn the call back over to Dyadic's President and COO, Joe Hizelton, for closing remarks.

Thank you. As we close, I want to emphasize what we believe is most important. Dyadic today is no longer simply developing technology platforms. We are increasingly commercializing products, supporting customers, expanding partnerships, and building recurring revenue opportunities across multiple markets. We're seeing growing interest in our technologies, increasing commercial activity across our partner network, and encouraging early signs of market adoption as products move from development into commercial channels. While we still have important execution work ahead, we believe the progress achieved over the past year has significantly strengthened the business and positioned us for continued operational commercial advancement. Our focus is now straightforward, continuing scaling product sales, expand strategic partnerships and distribution channels, support customer adoption, and maintain the disciplined operating approach that allowed us to extend our runway while continuing to build the business responsibly. We remain confident about the opportunities ahead and appreciate the continued support of our shareholders, partners, and employees as we continue executing our strategy. Thank you, and we look forward to updating you on our continued progress.

Thank you. This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and we thank you for your participation.