Enphase Energy, Inc 10-Q for FY2026 Q3
Enphase Energy, Inc. (ENPH)
10-Q
2026-10-27
For: 2026-09-30
View Original
Added on
October 27, 2026
About this 10-Q
Enphase Energy, Inc filed this 10-Q on October 27, 2026, covering the quarter ended September 30, 2026 (FY2026 Q3).
Enphase Energy, Inc. net revenues fell approximately $117.1 million, or 29%, in the three months ended September 30, 2026 and approximately $261.6 million, or 23%, for nine months, driven by lower battery shipments, fewer microinverters sold and price decreases. AI summary
Headline figures
Quarter ended September 30, 2026, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $293.33M
- down 28.5% from $410.43M a year earlier
- Net income
- $23.39M
- down 64.9% from net income of $66.64M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.17
- down 66.0% from $0.50 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One) | |||||
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35480
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(707 ) 774-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an “emerging growth company.” See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||
Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 23, 2026, there were 132,314,277 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding, $0.00001 par value per share.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 1
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value)
(Unaudited)
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Marketable securities | |||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $ | |||||||||||
| Inventory | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenues, current | |||||||||||
| Warranty obligations, current | |||||||||||
| Debt, current | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenues, non-current | |||||||||||
| Warranty obligations, non-current | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Debt, non-current | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 3
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and asset impairment | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares used in per share calculation: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 4
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gain (loss), net of income tax benefit (provision) of $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 5
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock and paid-in capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from exercise of equity awards | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excise tax on net stock repurchases | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders' equity, ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 6
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount from sale of AMPTC generated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of investments purchased at a premium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Decrease in fair value of debt securities and tax equity fund | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty obligations | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of marketable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maturities and sales of marketable securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in debt securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of loan receivables | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in tax equity fund | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receipts of loan receivables | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of secured revolving credit facility | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receipts of secured revolving credit facility | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement of Notes due 2026 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement of Notes due 2025 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuances of common stock under employee equity plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — Beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents — End of period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment through tenant improvement allowance | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receipt of SunPower common stock in settlement of interest receivable | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 7
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Description of Business
Enphase Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) is a global energy technology company. The Company delivers smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage and communication on one platform.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
These accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods indicated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the financial statements include revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, stock-based compensation, income tax benefit (provision), inventory valuation, government grants, accrued warranty obligations, fair value of debt securities, convertible notes, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of acquired intangible assets and property and equipment, incremental borrowing rates for right-of-use assets and lease liability. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates due to risks and uncertainties.
The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The Company filed audited consolidated financial statements, which included all information and notes necessary for such a complete presentation, in conjunction with its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 17, 2026 (the “Form 10‑K”).
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Form 10-K.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Not Yet Effective
In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures” (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires additional disclosure of certain costs and expenses within the notes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its condensed consolidated financial statements disclosures.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 8
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software” (“ASU 2025-06”), which simplifies the capitalization guidance by removing all references to software development project stages so that the guidance is neutral to different software development methods. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2025-06 permits an entity to apply the new guidance using a prospective, retrospective or modified transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact from ASU 2025-06 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, “Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities” (“ASU 2025-10”), which establishes the accounting and presentation for government grants received by a business entity. ASU 2025-10 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2025-10 permits an entity to apply the new guidance using a modified prospective basis, a modified retrospective basis, or a full retrospective basis. The Company has evaluated the impact of ASU 2025-10 and will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective transition method effective January 1, 2027. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2025-10 to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-12, “Codification Improvements” (“ASU 2025-12”), which addresses various improvements across a wide range of topics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) to correct, clarify and otherwise enhance the guidance. ASU 2025-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and the transition method may vary on an issue-by-issue basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact from ASU 2025-12 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Disaggregated Revenue
The Company has one major business activity, which is the design, manufacture and sale of solutions for the solar photovoltaic (“PV”) industry. Disaggregated revenue by primary geographical market and timing of revenue recognition for the Company’s single product line were as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary geographical markets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
International | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Timing of revenue recognition: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Products delivered at a point in time | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Products and services delivered over time | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract Balances
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 9
Accounts receivable, and contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers were, as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term accounts receivable (Other assets) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term contract assets (Prepaid expenses and other current assets) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term contract assets (Other assets) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term contract liabilities (Deferred revenues, current) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term contract liabilities (Deferred revenues, non-current) | $ | $ | |||||||||
The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual payment terms. Accounts receivable are recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.
Contract assets include deferred product costs and commissions associated with the deferred revenue and will be amortized along with the associated revenue. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2026.
Significant changes in the balances of contract assets (prepaid expenses and other assets) in the nine months ended September 30, 2026 were as follows (in thousands):
| Contract Assets | |||||
| Contract assets, beginning of period | $ | ||||
| Amount recognized | ( | ||||
| Increased due to billings | |||||
| Contract assets, end of period | $ | ||||
Contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and include payments received in advance of performance obligations under the contract and are realized when the associated revenue is recognized under the contract.
As of September 30, 2026, contract liabilities included approximately $51.7 million of cash prepayments or billings under the Investment Tax Credit Five Percent Safe Harbor method for products to be delivered in the fourth quarter of 2026, and approximately $46.8 million of cash prepayments or billings under the Physical Work Test beginning-of-construction method for products to be delivered through the second quarter of 2031.
Significant changes in contract liabilities (deferred revenue) in the nine months ended September 30, 2026 were as follows (in thousands):
| Contract Liabilities | |||||
| Contract liabilities, beginning of period | $ | ||||
| Revenue recognized | ( | ||||
| Increased due to billings | |||||
| Contract liabilities, end of period | $ | ||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 10
Remaining Performance Obligations
Estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future periods related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period were as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | |||||
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Fiscal year: | |||||
| 2026 (remaining three months) | $ | ||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 | |||||
| 2030 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
3. INVENTORY
Inventory consisted of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Work-in-process | |||||||||||
| Finished goods | |||||||||||
| Total inventory | $ | $ | |||||||||
4. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company’s goodwill was as follows:
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Goodwill, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Currency translation adjustment | ( | ||||||||||
| Goodwill, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
The Company’s purchased intangible assets were as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived intangibles | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets with finite lives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade-names | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total purchased intangible assets | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 11
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, intangible assets increased by less than approximately $0.1
Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer relationships | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade-names | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total amortization expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of developed technology is recorded to cost of revenues, amortization of customer relationships and trade-names are recorded to sales and marketing expense, and amortization of certain customer relationships is recorded as a reduction to revenue.
The expected future amortization expense of intangible assets is presented below:
| September 30, 2026 | |||||
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Fiscal year: | |||||
| 2026 (remaining three months) | $ | ||||
| 2027 | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
5. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following:
September 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Cash Equivalents | Marketable Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agency securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Cash Equivalents | Marketable Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agency securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 12
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities as of September 30, 2026:
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Due within one year | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Due within one to three years | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
All available-for-sale securities have been classified as current based on management's intent and ability to use the funds in current operations.
As of September 30, 2026, the Company also holds equity securities measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net. Refer to Note 18, “Related Party Transactions” for additional information.
| Cost basis | Decrease in fair value | Fair value | Marketable Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities — SunPower common stock | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 13
6. OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid income tax | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Grant receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| Loan receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| Short-term contract assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer rebates and sales incentives | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Liability due to supply and service agreements | |||||||||||||||||
| Duties and tariffs | |||||||||||||||||
| Freight | |||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, commissions, incentive compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax payable | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| VAT payable | |||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities related to restructuring accruals | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Total accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
7. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
Government grants represent benefits provided by federal, state or local governments that are not subject to the scope of ASC 740. The Company recognizes a grant when it has reasonable assurance that it will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received. Government grants that are not related to long-lived assets are considered income-based grants, which are recognized as a reduction to the related cost of activities that generated the benefit.
In August 2022, the United States enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”), which includes credits under the Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit (“AMPTC”), to incentivize clean energy component sourcing and production, including for the production of microinverters in the United States. The IRA provides for an AMPTC on microinverters of 11 cents per alternating current watt basis. The AMPTC on microinverters decreases by 25% each year beginning in 2030 and ending after 2032. The Company recognized credits under AMPTC as a reduction to cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the microinverters manufactured in the United States and sold to customers. Such credit is also reflected as an increase to grant receivable or prepaid income tax on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets within prepaid expenses and other current assets.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 14
The following table presents the benefits recognized from AMPTC in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transactions recorded to cost of revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AMPTC generated | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount from sale of AMPTC generated during 2025 (1) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to record AMPTC generated in period at fair value | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net benefit from AMPTC reducing cost of revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In June 2026, the Company entered into an agreement whereby the Company agreed to sell approximately $150.0 million of AMPTC generated during 2026 at 93 % of face value. Associated with this agreement, the Company sold approximately $75.0 million of AMPTC generated in the first and second quarter of 2026 for approximately $69.8 million and incurred approximately $0.7 million in transaction-related fees. In October 2026, the Company sold $37.5 million of AMPTCs generated in the first and second quarter of 2026, for approximately $34.9 million.
8. WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS
The Company’s warranty obligation activities were as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty obligations, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accruals for warranties issued during period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense (benefit) from changes in estimates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase due to accretion expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in discount rate (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in profit element and risk premium (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty obligations, end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: warranty obligations, current | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty obligations, non-current | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional information about the monetary impact for changes in discount rate and changes in the profit element and risk premium.
Changes in Estimates
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 15
On a quarterly basis, the Company uses the best and most complete underlying information available, following a consistent, systematic and rational methodology to determine its warranty obligations. The Company considers all available evidence to assess the reasonableness of all key assumptions underlying its estimated warranty obligations for each generation of microinverter, battery and related accessories. The changes in estimates discussed below resulted from consideration of new or additional information becoming available and subsequent developments. Changes in estimates included in the table above were comprised of the following:
In the three months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded approximately $1.4 million in warranty benefit from changes in estimates, primarily due to approximately $1.4 million change in IQ Battery replacement costs. In the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded approximately $0.7 million in warranty expense from changes in estimates, of which approximately $7.6 million related to an increase in product replacement costs, primarily for estimated additional tariff costs, partially offset by approximately $6.9 million related to continuing analysis of field performance data and diagnostic root-cause failure analysis for Enphase IQ® Battery systems.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded approximately $9.1 million in warranty benefit from changes in estimates, primarily due to change in replacement costs from both lower tariff costs for majority of products and lower labor assumption for IQ Battery to be incurred.
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance.
The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:
•Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company is able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of such assets or liabilities do not entail a significant degree of judgment.
•Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
•Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 16
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agency securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agency securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities - SunPower common stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in equity instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in tax equity fund | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty obligations: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total warranty obligations measured at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes due 2028
The Company carries the Notes due 2028 (as defined in Note 11, “Debt”) at face value less unamortized debt issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value as of September 30, 2026 was determined based on the closing trading price per $100 principal amount as of the last day of trading for the period. The Company considers the fair value of the Notes due 2028 to be a Level 2 measurement as they are not actively traded. As of September 30, 2026, the carrying amount and fair value of the Notes due 2028 was as follows:
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Notes due 2028 | $ | $ | |||||||||
Investments in debt securities
Investments in debt securities are recorded in Other current assets and Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the balance of investments in debt securities were as follows:
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 17
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured revolving credit facility, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value reduction included in other expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
In January 2021, the Company invested approximately $25.0 million in Series C preferred units issued by a privately-held company. The investment qualifies as a debt security, as it accrues interest and principal plus accrued interest becomes payable to the Company at certain dates unless it is converted to equity at a pre-determined price. As the investment includes a conversion option, the Company has elected the fair value option, with changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value option was elected to reduce the operational complexity of accounting for embedded features that would otherwise require bifurcation as a separate unit of account. The fair value of approximately $20.3 million and approximately $29.6 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, for Series C preferred units are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as the valuation incorporates significant unobservable inputs. The Company uses a scenario-based probability weighted discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions, including the discount rate and probability weighting of the various redemption scenarios that impact the settlement of the Series C preferred units. The decrease in fair value of approximately $7.9 million and $9.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, reflects updated inputs.
In September 2021, the Company invested approximately $13.0 million in secured convertible promissory notes issued by the stockholders of a privately-held company. In February 2026, the notes were amended to extend the maturity date and modify certain other contractual terms. The notes are classified as debt securities, and the Company has elected the fair value option, with changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value option was elected to reduce the operational complexity of accounting for embedded features that would otherwise require bifurcation as a separate unit of account. The fair value of approximately $3.8 million and approximately $11.0 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, for the notes are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as the valuation incorporates significant unobservable inputs. The Company uses a scenario-based probability weighted discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions, including the discount rate and probability weighting of the various redemption scenarios that impact the settlement of the notes. The decrease in fair value of approximately $6.4 million and $7.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, reflects updated inputs.
In July 2023, the Company invested approximately $15.0 million in a secured convertible promissory note issued by the stockholders of a privately-held company. In July 2026, the notes were amended to extend the maturity date and modify certain other contractual terms. The notes are classified as debt securities, and the Company has elected the fair value option, with changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value option was elected to reduce the operational complexity of accounting for embedded features that would otherwise require bifurcation as a separate unit of account. The fair value of approximately $5.7 million and approximately $14.5 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, for the notes are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as the valuation incorporates significant unobservable inputs. The Company uses a scenario-based probability weighted discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions, including the discount rate and probability weighting of the various redemption scenarios that impact the settlement of the notes. The decrease in fair value of approximately $8.8
In September 2025, the Company invested $6.3 million in cash to purchase convertible notes with an aggregate principal amount of $7.0 million issued by SunPower Inc. (“SunPower”) (formerly named “Complete Solaria, Inc.”). The SunPower notes are classified as debt securities, and the Company has elected the fair value option, with changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The notes bear an interest rate of 7 % per annum and mature on July 1, 2029. The initial
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 18
conversion rate is 467.8363 shares of SunPower common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $2.14 per share). The notes are categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, as the valuation incorporates significant inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized decreases in the fair value of the SunPower convertible notes of approximately $2.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively, in Other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the notes was approximately $2.3 million and $6.3 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, based on a scenario-based probability weighted discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions, including the discount rate and probability weighting of the various redemption scenarios that impact the settlement of the notes.
Investments in equity securities
On June 23, 2026, the Company entered into an Equity for Interest Exchange and Consent Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with SunPower, pursuant to which the Company agreed to exchange the cash interest payments due on July 1, 2026 and January 1, 2027 under the SunPower notes, totaling approximately $0.5 million, for shares of SunPower common stock (“Exchange Shares”). Under the Exchange Agreement, the number of Exchange Shares was determined by dividing the cash interest payments due by 80 % of the 10-day volume-weighted average price of SunPower common stock as of the close of trading on June 29, 2026. The closing of this transaction occurred on July 1, 2026, at which time the Company received 874,064 restricted shares of SunPower common stock. The Exchange Shares are accounted for as equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, measured at fair value using the NASDAQ closing price (Level 1), with changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net. The restriction on the shares terminates on January 1, 2027. As of September 30, 2026, the fair value of Exchange Shares amounted to approximately $0.3 million included in Marketable Securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized a loss of approximately $0.2 million in Other income (expense), net during the three months ended September 30, 2026.
Loan receivables
The loan receivables represent financing arrangements provided to certain customers. These loan receivables have contractual maturities ranging from to three years and are recorded on an amortized cost basis. Interest income is accrued and recognized based on the stated coupon rate, included in Other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The principal outstanding under the loan receivables were as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Current | $ | ||||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| Loan receivables | $ | ||||||||||
There was no
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 19
Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds a 19.99 % non-controlling equity investment in a residential solar and storage finance entity and has extended loan receivables, a revolving credit facility and standby letters of credit to that entity and its wholly owned special-purpose subsidiaries (together, the "Investee"). The Company elected the fair value option for the equity investment, loan receivables and revolving credit facility to avoid measurement inconsistencies across its interests in the Investee. These instruments are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, with fair values estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology incorporating market yield, projected cash flows, and estimated timing of distributions. Changes in fair value and interest income are recognized in Other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company has determined that the Investee is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company is not the primary beneficiary because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the Investee’s economic performance, and accordingly does not consolidate the Investee.
As of September 30, 2026, the fair value of the loan receivables and the revolving credit facility approximated their respective outstanding balances, including accrued and capitalized interest. The following table presents the carrying amounts of the Company’s variable interests and its maximum exposure to loss as of September 30, 2026:
| Arrangement | Balance Sheet Classification | Carrying Amount (Fair Value) | Maximum Exposure | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling equity investment ( | Other assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | Other assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | Accrued and other liabilities | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of September 30, 2026 was approximately $72.9 million, comprising the aggregate carrying amounts of the equity investment, loan receivables, and revolving credit facility, the undrawn commitment on the revolving credit facility, and the aggregate stated amount of the irrevocable standby letters of credit. It will increase as paid-in-kind (“PIK”) interest is capitalized. The excess of maximum exposure over carrying amounts primarily reflects the undrawn commitment on the revolving credit facility and the letters of credit, neither of which is recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Loan 1 and Loan 2 bears interest at 15 9.0 % PIK capitalized quarterly, restricts advances to permitted expenditures, and matures April 30, 2027.
In connection with the Investee's new credit facility and a separate tax credit transfer agreement, the Company issued three irrevocable standby letters of credit with an aggregate stated amount of $35.0 million, which expires between March 2027 and January 2034, including annual auto-renewal. The letters of credit may be drawn upon specified events including tax credit deficiencies, events of default, or issuing bank events. The Company recognized a stand-ready guarantee liability of approximately $0.8 million at inception, which is amortized over the respective terms of the letters of credit. The probability of a draw is assessed as remote as of September 30, 2026; accordingly, no contingent loss accrual has been recorded. A separate reimbursement agreement with the Investee provides for repayment of any amounts drawn under the letters of credit. In connection with the Investee’s new credit facility, the Company entered into an intercreditor agreement under which the Company’s security interest in the shared collateral is subordinated to the obligations of the Investee under the new credit facility.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 20
Warranty Obligations
Fair Value Option for Warranty Obligations Related to Products Sold Since January 1, 2014
The Company made an irrevocable election to account for all eligible warranty obligations associated with products sold since January 1, 2014 at fair value. This election was made to reflect the underlying economics of the time value of money for an obligation that will be settled over an extended period of up to 25 years. The Company estimates the fair value of warranty obligations by calculating the warranty obligations in the same manner as for sales prior to January 1, 2014 and applying an expected present value technique to that result. The expected present value technique, an income approach, converts future amounts into a single current discounted amount. In addition to the key estimates of return rates and replacement costs, the Company used certain Level 3 inputs, which are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Such additional assumptions are based on the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate (“discount rate”) and compensation comprised of a profit element and risk premium required of a market participant to assume the obligation.
The following table provides information regarding changes in non-financial liabilities related to the Company’s warranty obligations measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs designated as Level 3 for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accruals for warranties issued during period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in estimates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase due to accretion expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in profit element and risk premium | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in discount rate | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s liabilities designated as Level 3 were as follows:
Percent Used (Weighted Average) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Item Measured at Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Description of Significant Unobservable Input | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty obligations for products sold since January 1, 2014 | Discounted cash flows | Profit element and risk premium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit-adjusted risk-free rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 21
Sensitivity of Level 3 Inputs - Warranty Obligations
Each of the significant unobservable inputs is independent of the other. The profit element and risk premium are estimated based on the requirements of a third-party participant willing to assume the Company’s warranty obligations, which decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, contributing to an approximately $3.5 million change in warranty benefit captured in “Change in profit element and risk premium” in the table above. The discount rate is determined by reference to the Company’s own credit standing at the fair value measurement date, which increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 due to the increase in the risk free rate and market spreads, contributing to the approximately $3.3 million and approximately $5.7 million, respectively, change in warranty benefit captured in “Change in discount rate” in the table above. Under the expected present value technique, increasing the profit element and risk premium input by 100 basis points would result in a approximately $1.4 million increase to the liability. Decreasing the profit element and risk premium by 100 basis points would result in an approximately $1.4 million reduction to the liability. Increasing the discount rate by 100 basis points would result in approximately $12.7 million decrease to the liability. Decreasing the discount rate by 100 basis points would result in an approximately $14.3 million increase to the liability.
10. RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET IMPAIRMENT
2026 Restructuring Plan
In January 2026, the Company implemented a restructuring plan (the “2026 Restructuring Plan”) designed to better align its workforce and cost structure with its business needs, strategic priorities and ongoing commitment to profitable growth.
The following table presents the details of the Company’s restructuring under the 2026 Restructuring Plan:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee severance and benefits | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contract termination charges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total restructuring and asset impairment | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table provides information regarding changes in the Company’s accrued restructuring balances under the 2026 Restructuring Plan for the periods indicated:
| Employee Severance and Benefits | Contract Termination Charges | Asset Impairment | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash payments and receipts, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash settlement and other | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 22
11. DEBT
The following table provides information regarding the Company’s debt:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Convertible notes | |||||||||||
| Notes due 2028 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Carrying amount of Notes due 2028 | |||||||||||
| Notes due 2026 | |||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | ( | ||||||||||
| Carrying amount of Notes due 2026 | |||||||||||
| Total carrying amount of debt | |||||||||||
| Less: debt, current | ( | ||||||||||
| Debt, non-current | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following table presents the total amount of interest cost recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations relating to the Company’s notes:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes due 2028 | Notes due 2028 | Notes due 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes due 2028 | Notes due 2026 | Notes due 2028 | Notes due 2026 | Notes due 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual interest expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest cost recognized | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Senior Notes due 2028
On March 1, 2021, the Company issued $575.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 0.0 % convertible senior notes due 2028 (the “Notes due 2028”). The Notes due 2028 will not bear regular interest, and the principal amount of the Notes due 2028 will not accrete. The Notes due 2028 are general unsecured obligations and are governed by an indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Notes due 2028 will mature on March 1, 2028, unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted at the option of the holders. The Company received approximately $566.4 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, from the issuance of the Notes due 2028.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 23
The initial conversion rate for the Notes due 2028 is 3.5104 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes due 2028 (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $284.87 per share). Upon conversion, the Company will settle conversions of the Notes due 2028 through payment or delivery, as the case may be, of cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election.
The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes due 2028, at the Company’s election, on or after September 6, 2024, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been greater than or equal to 130 % of the conversion price then in effect for the Notes due 2028 (i.e., $370.33 , which is 130 % of the current conversion price for the Notes due 2028) for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will equal 100 % of the principal amount of the Notes due 2028 to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any to, but excluding, the relevant redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes due 2028.
The Notes due 2028 may be converted on any day prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 1, 2027, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder only under any of the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130 % of the conversion price for the Notes due 2028 on each applicable trading day; (2) during the business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the relevant indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98 % of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the Notes due 2028 on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the Notes due 2028 for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On and after September 1, 2027 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of March 1, 2028, holders of the Notes due 2028 may convert their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes due 2028 for cash at a price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
As of September 30, 2026, the sales price of the Company’s common stock was not greater than or equal to $370.33 (130 % of the notes conversion price) for at least 20 trading days (whether consecutive or not) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days preceding the quarter-ended September 30, 2026. As a result, the Notes due 2028 are not convertible at the holders’ option. Accordingly, the Company classified the net carrying amount of the Notes due 2028 of approximately $573.2 million as Debt, non-current on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2026, the unamortized deferred issuance cost for the Notes due 2028 was approximately $1.8 million on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Notes due 2028 Hedge and Warrant Transactions
In connection with the offering of the Notes due 2028, the Company entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (“Notes due 2028 Hedge”) pursuant to which the Company has the option to purchase a total of approximately 2.0 million shares of its common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments), which is the same number of shares initially issuable upon conversion of the Notes due 2028, at a price of $284.87 per share. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was approximately $161.6 million. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Notes due 2028 and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be.
Additionally, the Company separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions (the “2028 Warrants”) whereby the Company sold warrants to acquire approximately 2.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments) at an initial strike price of $397.91 per share. The Company
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 24
received aggregate proceeds of approximately $123.4 million from the sale of the 2028 Warrants. If the market value per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the 2028 Warrants, exceeds the strike price of the 2028 Warrants, the 2028 Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company’s earnings per share, unless the Company elects, subject to certain conditions, to settle the 2028 Warrants in cash. Taken together, the purchase of the Notes due 2028 Hedge and the sale of the 2028 Warrants are intended to reduce potential dilution from the conversion of the Notes due 2028 and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $284.87 to $397.91 per share. The 2028 Warrants are only exercisable on the applicable expiration dates in accordance with the Notes due 2028 Hedge. Subject to the other terms of the 2028 Warrants, the first expiration date applicable to the Notes due 2028 Hedge is June 1, 2028, and the final expiration date applicable to the Notes due 2028 Hedge is July 27, 2028.
Given that the transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the Notes due 2028 Hedge and the 2028 Warrants transactions were recorded in stockholders’ equity, and they were not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period.
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
On March 2, 2026, the Company settled all of its outstanding 0.0 % convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “Notes due 2026”) for cash consideration of approximately $632.5 million, representing payment of the full principal amount. No shares of the Company’s common stock were issued in connection with the settlement, as the conversion value of the Notes due 2026 was less than the principal amount outstanding. As a result of the settlement, there were no Notes due 2026 outstanding as of September 30, 2026.
Notes due 2026 Hedge and Warrant Transactions
In connection with the issuance of the Notes due 2026, the Company entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (the “Notes due 2026 Hedge”). The Notes due 2026 Hedge was intended to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Notes due 2026 and/or to offset any cash payments the Company would have been required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion. The Notes due 2026 Hedge expired on March 2, 2026 in connection with the settlement of the Notes due 2026. No value was realized from the Notes due 2026 Hedge at expiration, as the applicable strike price exceeded the market price of the Company’s common stock.
Additionally, the Company separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions, including in connection with the issuance of additional Notes due 2026 upon the initial purchasers’ exercise of their over-allotment option (the “2026 Warrants”), whereby the Company sold warrants to acquire approximately 2.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments) at an initial strike price of $397.91 per share. The first expiration date applicable to the 2026 Warrants was June 1, 2026, and the final expiration date was July 27, 2026. The 2026 Warrants expired on July 27, 2026, and no 2026 Warrants were outstanding as of September 30, 2026. No shares of the Company’s common stock were issued upon expiration of the 2026 Warrants, as the strike price of $397.91 per share exceeded the market price of the Company’s common stock.
Given that the transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the Notes due 2026 Hedge and the 2026 Warrants transactions were recorded in stockholders’ equity, and they were not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period.
12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases
The Company leases office facilities under noncancellable operating leases that expire on various dates through 2036, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease costs | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 25
The components of right of use assets and lease liabilities were as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands, except years and percentage data) | |||||||||||
| Operating leases: | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Supplemental lease information: | |||||||||||
Weighted average remaining lease term | |||||||||||
Weighted average discount rate | |||||||||||
Supplemental cash flow and other information related to operating leases were as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cash investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Undiscounted cash flows of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2026 were as follows:
| Lease Amounts | |||||
| (In thousands) | |||||
Year: | |||||
| 2026 (remaining three months) | $ | ||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 | |||||
| 2030 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
Total lease payments | |||||
Less: imputed lease interest | ( | ||||
Total lease liabilities | $ | ||||
Purchase Obligations
The Company has contractual obligations related to component inventory that it and its contract manufacturers procure on its behalf in accordance with its production forecast as well as other inventory related purchase commitments. As of September 30, 2026, these purchase obligations totaled approximately $262.4 million.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 26
Litigation
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and that have not been fully resolved. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable and the amount of loss or recovery can be reasonably estimated. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against the Company in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, the Company’s business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected.
On August 19, 2026, Tigo Energy Innovations LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas against the Company, alleging infringement of ten patents by certain of the Company’s products. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. Given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of the case, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with the matter. The Company disputes the allegations in this lawsuit and intends to defend the matter vigorously.
Tariff Contingencies
On February 20, 2026, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump invalidating certain tariffs previously imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”). Following this ruling, the U.S. Court of International Trade directed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) to establish a process for the submission and review of refund claims related to the affected IEEPA tariffs.
On April 20, 2026, CBP launched an online portal through which companies may submit refund requests for eligible IEEPA tariffs.
The Company received refunds and associated interest of approximately $52.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, from CBP related to tariffs paid during fiscal 2025 and the first quarter of fiscal 2026, of which approximately $1.6 million and approximately $47.0 million was recognized as a reduction to cost of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively; approximately $0.1 million and approximately $1.7 million was recognized as interest income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively; and approximately $3.3 million was capitalized as a cost of inventory as of September 30, 2026.
The Company has submitted additional refund claims for tariffs previously paid and continues to evaluate the recoverability of these amounts. As the approval and timing of such refunds remain uncertain and are contingent upon CBP’s review and validation process, the Company has not recognized a receivable as of September 30, 2026 and will not recognize such amounts until they are realized or realizable. The ultimate impact of any future approved refunds, if any, could be material.
Separately, on February 20, 2026, the same day the Supreme Court invalidated the IEEPA tariffs, the President issued a proclamation imposing a temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 ("Section 122"). Unlike the IEEPA tariffs discussed above, which were imposed under emergency economic powers authority and applied at varying country-specific rates, the Section 122 surcharge was imposed pursuant to a statute that authorizes a temporary import surcharge of up to 15% ad valorem for a period not exceeding 150 days under specified balance-of-payments circumstances.
On May 7, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade held that the Section 122 proclamation was invalid and granted relief to certain named plaintiffs. The government appealed the ruling, and the Federal Circuit granted a stay of the judgment and injunction pending appeal. As of the date of this filing, the appeal remains pending. The Section 122 surcharge expired on July 24, 2026, upon reaching the applicable 150-day statutory limit.
If the Section 122 proclamation is ultimately held invalid and refund mechanisms applicable to the Company are established, the Company may be eligible to recover some or all of the Section 122 duties paid. However, the outcome of the appeal and the Company’s entitlement to, and the availability, timing and amount of any potential refunds remain uncertain and are subject to further judicial and administrative proceedings. Accordingly, no receivable for potential Section 122 tariff refunds has been recognized as of September 30, 2026.
On July 23, 2026, following Section 301 investigation initiated by the U.S. Trade Representative on March 12, 2026 and determinations announced on June 2, 2026, the Administration announced new tariffs of 10% or 12.5% on imports from 60 trading partners. The tariffs took effect on July 24, 2026, subject to specified product and other
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 27
exemptions. It remains uncertain whether additional tariffs or other trade restrictions may be imposed under alternative statutory authorities, whether such measures would withstand legal challenge, and whether any refund process will be available with respect to duties previously paid.
13. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
In July 2023, the board of directors authorized a share repurchase program (the “2023 Repurchase Program”) pursuant to which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of the Company’s common stock. The Company may repurchase shares of common stock from time to time through solicited or unsolicited transactions in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan.
During the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, there were no
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, there were no repurchases of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased and subsequently retired 2,297,053 shares of common stock from the open market at an average cost of $56.58 per share for a total of approximately $130.0 million.
As of September 30, 2026, approximately $268.7 million remained available for share repurchases under the 2023 Repurchase Program. In July 2026, the board of directors authorized an extension of the term of the 2023 Repurchase Program from July 26, 2026 to July 26, 2029, unless terminated earlier by the board of directors. All other terms of the 2023 Repurchase Program remain unchanged.
14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, which includes shares purchased under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”), expected to vest is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized ratably over the requisite service period.
The following table summarizes the components of total stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the various types of stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSUs and PSUs | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ESPP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 28
Equity Awards Activity
Stock Options
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes RSU activity:
| Number of Shares Outstanding | Weighted- Average Fair Value per Share at Grant Date | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (Years) | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected to vest at September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The intrinsic value of RSUs vested is based upon the value of the Company’s stock when vested. The intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of September 30, 2026 is based on the closing price of the last trading day during the period ended September 30, 2026. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $32.99 per share.
Performance Stock Units
The following table summarizes PSU activity:
| Number of Shares Outstanding | Weighted- Average Fair Value per Share at Grant Date | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (Years) | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected to vest at September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The intrinsic value of PSUs vested is based upon the value of the Company’s stock when vested. The intrinsic value of PSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of September 30, 2026 is based on the closing price of the last trading day during the period ended September 30, 2026. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $32.99 per share.
15. INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $27.0 million, on a loss before income taxes of approximately $3.6 million, compared to an income tax provision of approximately $10.4 million, on income before income taxes of approximately $77.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 29
recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $7.6 million, on income before income taxes of approximately $44.5 million, compared to an income tax provision of approximately $32.7 million, on income before income taxes of approximately $166.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
The income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2026 was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method and primarily includes the tax benefits attributable to the impact of AMPTC under Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the cumulative rate catch-up that represents the tax effects resulting from remeasurement of annualized effective tax rate based on the lower forecasted annual pre-tax income, and tax benefit related to the impairment of multiple debt securities investment, partially offset by the tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions and tax expense related to equity-based compensation shortfalls. AMPTC is generated based on qualifying production and shipment activity and is therefore directly related to the Company’s pretax income; however, the AMPTC is treated as permanent items for income tax accounting purposes and is excluded from the calculation of the annualized effective tax rate.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the income tax benefit was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method and primarily reflects tax benefits attributable to the impact of AMPTC under Section 45X of the Code and tax benefit related to the impairment of multiple debt securities investment, offset by tax expense in profitable foreign jurisdictions and tax expense related to equity-based compensation shortfalls and the tax effects of the IEEPA tariff refund.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the income tax provision was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method and was primarily due to tax expense in U.S. and foreign jurisdictions that are profitable, tax expense from equity compensation shortfalls, and prior year true up adjustments.
In accordance with ASC 740‑270, the Company computed its provision for income taxes based on a projected annual effective tax rate, excluding the effects of permanent items and losses generated in jurisdictions for which realization of the related tax benefits is not considered more likely than not. As a result, the Company’s effective tax rate may differ significantly from the U.S. federal statutory rate and may not be indicative of the Company’s annual effective tax rate.
In March 2026, the Company revoked its direct pay election and made a transfer election on its timely filed 2025 federal income tax return to sell $235.0 million of AMPTC generated during 2025 to a third party. In 2026, the Company also agreed to sell $150.0 million of AMPTC generated during 2026. The transfer election did not have a material impact on the income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026. Refer to Note 7, “Government Grants” for additional information.
16. NET INCOME PER SHARE
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed in a similar manner, but it also includes the effect of potential common shares outstanding during the period, when dilutive.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 30
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Net income per share, diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 included the dilutive effect of potentially dilutive common shares by application of the treasury stock method for RSUs, PSUs, ESPP, and includes potentially dilutive common shares by application of the if-converted method for the Notes due 2028. To the extent potential common shares are antidilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share.
The Company under the relevant sections of the indenture, irrevocably may elect to settle principal in cash and any excess conversion value in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock for the Notes due 2028. If and when the Company makes such election, there would be no adjustment to net income and the Company would use the average share price to determine the potential number of shares issuable upon an assumed conversion to be included in the diluted share count.
The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been antidilutive:
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Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 31
17. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”). The Company has one business activity, which entails the design, development, manufacture and sale of solutions for the PV industry. There are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results or plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company has a single operating and reportable segment. The primary measure of segment profit or loss is consolidated net income as presented below and is used by the CEO for the purpose of evaluating segment performance and allocation of budget to support business expansion, new product development and operational efficiencies.
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| Loss from sale of AMPTC generated during 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tariff refunds(2) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Acquisition related expenses and amortization(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Represents consolidated cost of revenue excluding stock-based compensation, acquisition related amortization, fair value of AMPTC generated, loss from sale of AMPTC generated during 2025 and IEEPA tariff refunds.
(2) Of the approximately $1.6 million and approximately $47.0 million refunds recognized as a reduction to cost of revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, approximately, $43.3 million of the tariff costs incurred were previously recorded as a cost of revenues in prior periods.
(3) Represents costs incurred in connection with acquisition-related activities, which are not indicative of normal, recurring operating expenses, and acquisition related amortization.
(4) Represents consolidated restructuring and asset impairment excluding stock-based compensation.
(5) Represents consolidated research and development excluding stock-based compensation.
(6) Represents consolidated sales and marketing excluding stock-based compensation and acquisition related amortization.
(7) Represents consolidated general and administrative excluding stock-based compensation and acquisition related expenses.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 32
18. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In September 2025, the Company invested $6.3 million in SunPower convertible notes. The CEO of SunPower also serves as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, and therefore this transaction constitutes a related party transaction. The terms of the transaction were reviewed and approved by the Company’s Audit Committee and were determined to be on an arm’s-length basis. Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional information.
On March 1, 2026 and April 9, 2026, the Company, in its capacity as a holder of the SunPower notes, executed a consent that allowed SunPower to issue up to $50.0 41.0 million of senior secured notes. The Company’s Audit Committee reviewed and approved the consent, and the Company believes the consent was provided on terms consistent with those offered to other note holders and on an arm’s‑length basis.
On June 23, 2026, the Company entered into the Exchange Agreement with SunPower, pursuant to which the Company agreed to exchange the cash interest payments due on July 1, 2026 and January 1, 2027 under the SunPower notes, totaling approximately $0.5 million for 874,064 restricted shares of SunPower common stock. The Company's Audit Committee reviewed and approved the Exchange Agreement, and the Company believes the terms are consistent with those offered to other note holders and continue to be on an arm's-length basis. Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional information.
The Company holds a non-controlling variable interest in the Investee and has determined that the Investee is a VIE. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of the Investee because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the Investee’s economic performance and accordingly does not consolidate the Investee. Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional information.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 33
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations and involves risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “aim” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Such statements, include but are not limited to statements regarding: our expectations as to future financial performance, including revenue, cost of revenue, expenses, liquidity, cash requirements, and our ability to maintain and grow our profitability; the capabilities, performance and competitive advantage of our technology and products and planned changes; the timing of new product releases, and the anticipated market adoption of our current and future products; expectations regarding the development of our 1.25 megawatt (“MW”) IQ® Solid-State Transformer (“IQ SST”) product for data centers; our expectations regarding, and our ability to meet, demand for our products; our business strategies, including anticipated trends and operating conditions; growth of and development in markets in which we target, and our expansion into new and existing markets; our performance in operations, including our supply chain management and manufacturing operations and timelines; our product quality and customer service; our expectations regarding qualification of our products for domestic content credit under U.S. tax laws and our ability to meet Foreign Entity of Concern (“FEOC”) requirements for our U.S. products; our expectations regarding macroeconomic events and geopolitical developments, including the effects of tariffs, which may impact our business operations, financial performance and the markets in which we, our suppliers, manufacturers and installers operate; our expectations regarding potential growth through engagement in the third-party ownership (“TPO”) market; expectations regarding the increased variability in the timing of revenue recognition and cash flows related to safe harbor agreements; expectations regarding our commercial microinverter products; market risks associated with financial instruments and foreign currency exchange rates; and the importance of government incentives for solar products, including the impact of recent changes in the tax laws, rules and regulations. You should be aware that the forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on our current views and assumptions, and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual events or results to differ materially. For a discussion identifying some of the important factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, see below, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” herein and those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed on February 17, 2026 (the “Form 10-K”). Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “Enphase,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Enphase Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Business Overview
We are a global energy technology company. We deliver smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage and communication on one platform. Our intelligent microinverters work with virtually every solar panel made, and when paired with our smart technology, result in one of the industry’s best-performing clean energy systems. As of September 30, 2026, we have shipped approximately 90.8 million microinverters, and more than 5.3 million Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in over 165 countries.
The Enphase® Energy System brings a high technology, networked approach to solar generation plus energy storage, by leveraging our design expertise across power electronics, semiconductors and cloud-based software technologies. Our integrated approach to energy solutions maximizes a home’s energy potential while providing advanced monitoring and remote maintenance capabilities. The Enphase Energy System uses a single technology platform for seamless management of the whole solution of IQ® Microinverters, IQ® Batteries, IQ® Load Controllers, and IQ® EV Charger, allowing rapid commissioning with the Enphase® Installer App, consumption monitoring with our IQ® Combiner™ device with our Enphase IQ® Gateway™ device, and our Enphase® App, a cloud-based energy management platform. System owners can use the Enphase App to monitor their home’s solar generation, energy storage and consumption from any web-enabled device. Unlike some of our competitors, who utilize a traditional inverter, or offer separate components of solutions, we have built-in system redundancy in both photovoltaic generation and energy storage, eliminating the risk that comes with a single point of failure. Further, the nature of our cloud-based, monitored system allows for remote firmware and software updates, enabling cost-effective remote maintenance and ongoing utility compliance.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 34
We sell primarily to solar distributors who combine our products with others, including solar module products and racking systems, and resell to installers in each target region. In addition to our solar distributors, we sell directly to select large installers, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and strategic partners. Our OEM customers include solar module manufacturers who integrate our microinverters with their solar module products and resell to both distributors and installers. Strategic partners include a variety of companies, including industrial equipment suppliers, module companies, energy suppliers and developers of third-party solar finance offerings (such as TPOs). We also sell certain products and services to homeowners primarily in support of our warranty services and legacy product upgrade programs, via our online store.
Events Affecting our Business and Operations
As we have a growing global footprint, we are subject to risk and exposure from the evolving macroeconomic environment, including the effects of military conflicts (including the Iran conflict), increased global inflationary pressures, tariffs and interest rates, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, potential economic slowdowns or recessions, geopolitical pressures and potential regulatory changes, including the unknown impacts of current and future trade regulations. We continuously monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these circumstances on our business and financial results.
One Big Beautiful Bill Act. In July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) was enacted, introducing material changes to clean energy tax credit programs that are significant to our business and may impact our financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.
The OBBBA scales back the Investment Tax Credit (the “ITC”) available under Section 25D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for residential solar and storage systems purchased through cash or loans. Under the new law, the Section 25D credit expired on December 31, 2025. In addition, the OBBBA imposes new timing requirements for eligibility under Section 48E of the Code, which governs ITCs for leased solar and storage systems. Specifically, solar-only projects that did not commence construction within 12 months of the OBBBA’s enactment must be placed in service by December 31, 2027 in order to remain eligible for the credit. Energy storage projects are not subject to this placed-in-service deadline; however, the ITC for storage systems will begin to phase down in 2034 — decreasing to 75% in 2034, 50% in 2035 and phasing out entirely by 2036.
The OBBBA also amends the domestic content bonus credit rules for Section 48E projects. Projects commencing construction after June 16, 2025 must meet a 45% domestic cost threshold, up from 40%.
Additionally, the OBBBA introduces new compliance requirements under the FEOC provisions for both Section 48E of the Code and the Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit (“AMPTC”) under Section 45X of the Code. These provisions establish an escalating threshold of non-FEOC content that must be met by solar and storage projects beginning construction in 2026 and by manufactured components produced beginning in 2026.
In August 2025, U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued revised “beginning of construction” guidance for clean energy tax credits that only applies to Section 48E projects above 1 MW.
In February 2026, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS issued guidance under the OBBBA’s FEOC provisions applicable to Sections 48E and 45X of the Code, including rules and interim safe harbors for determining whether projects or manufactured components receive material assistance from prohibited foreign entities. Treasury and the IRS have indicated that additional proposed regulations and safe harbor tables are expected, including guidance addressing ownership, effective control, debt, licensing arrangements and anti‑circumvention matters, which could make the compliance requirements more restrictive over time.
These legislative and regulatory developments have affected our eligibility for certain tax credits, the attractiveness of our offerings to solar and storage system lease providers, and demand for our products. In addition, if we are unable to satisfy the revised domestic content or FEOC requirements, our ability, or the ability of our customers, to qualify for such incentives could be impaired, which could adversely affect our revenue, gross margins, business operations and competitive position.
In March 2026, we entered into an agreement for the sale of $235.0 million of AMPTC we generated during 2025 at 93% of face value, resulting in a discount of approximately $16.5 million. We also incurred approximately $2.5 million in transaction-related fees.
In June 2026, we entered into an agreement for the sale of up to $150.0 million of AMPTC we generated during 2026 at 93% of face value. Of the $150.0 million, we sold $75.0 million of AMPTC generated in the first and
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 35
second quarters of 2026 for approximately $69.8 million and incurred approximately $0.7 million in transaction-related fees.
Trade Tariff Uncertainties. The impact of new or existing tariffs, trade restrictions or retaliatory actions on us, the solar industry and our customers continues to create uncertainty and adversely affect our business operations. On February 20, 2026, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision invalidating certain tariffs previously imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ("IEEPA"). Following this ruling, the U.S. Court of International Trade directed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) to establish a process for the submission and review of refund claims related to eligible IEEPA tariffs. On April 20, 2026, CBP launched an online portal through which companies may submit refund requests for eligible IEEPA tariffs. We received refunds and associated interest of approximately $52.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 from CBP related to tariffs paid during fiscal 2025 and the first quarter of fiscal 2026, of which approximately $1.6 million and $47.0 million was recognized as a reduction to cost of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively; approximately $0.1 million and $1.7 million was recognized as interest income in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively; and approximately $3.3 million was capitalized as a cost of inventory as of September 30, 2026.
We have submitted additional refund claims for tariffs previously paid and continue to evaluate the recoverability of these amounts. As the approval and timing of such refunds remain uncertain and are contingent upon CBP’s review and validation process, we have not recognized a receivable as of September 30, 2026 and will not recognize such amounts until they are realized or realizable. The ultimate impact of any future approved refunds, if any, could be material.
Furthermore, following the Supreme Court's decision, the Administration imposed a temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 (“Section 122”). The surcharge was initially set at 10% ad valorem on all imports, and subsequently increased to 15%, the statutory maximum, with certain exceptions for specified commodities (e.g., electronics and critical minerals) and United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement qualified products. The surcharge took effect on February 24, 2026, for a maximum period of 150 days. On May 7, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade held that the Section 122 proclamation was invalid. The government appealed the ruling, and the Federal Circuit issued a temporary stay pending appeal. As of the date of this filing, the appeal remains pending. On July 23, 2026, following an investigation initiated on June 2, 2026 under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, the Administration announced new tariffs of 10% or 12.5% on imports from 60 trading partners. These tariffs were announced shortly before the expiration of the Section 122 surcharge on July 24, 2026. The tariffs apply to many of the countries from whom we source materials and can include some products material to our business. The evolving legal status, and expiration of the Section 122 surcharge creates additional uncertainty regarding our tariff exposure and any potential recovery of Section 122 duties paid to date. If the Section 122 proclamation is ultimately held invalid and refund mechanisms are established, we may be eligible to recover some or all of the Section 122 duties paid. However, the outcome of the appeal and the availability, timing and amount of any potential refunds remain uncertain and are subject to further judicial and administrative proceedings. No receivable for potential Section 122 tariff refunds has been recognized as of September 30, 2026.
We have moved a significant portion of our manufacturing to the United States while continuing to utilize contract manufacturing in China and India. However, certain critical components for our products are still sourced from outside the United States. For example, lithium iron phosphate (“LFP”) battery cells used in our storage products are still supplied solely by two vendors located in China. Although we are in the process of searching for other vendors outside of China for future supplies, the expertise and industry for the LFP battery cell is primarily in China, and it will require significant effort to identify alternative, qualified suppliers with the right expertise to develop our battery cells.
An escalation in trade tensions or the implementation of broader tariffs, trade restrictions or retaliatory measures on our products or components originating from countries outside the United States could adversely impact our ability to source necessary components, manufacture products at competitive cost, or sell our products at prices customers are willing to pay. Any such developments could materially and adversely affect our business operations, results of operations and cash flows.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 36
Safe Harbor Agreements. We executed agreements year-to-date through the safe harbor deadline with TPO customers for products totaling approximately $1,081.1 million, of which $202.4 million is under the ITC Five Percent Safe Harbor method and $878.6 million is under the Physical Work Test beginning-of-construction method. These arrangements are designed to support customers’ qualification for ITC and have become an increasingly important growth channel for U.S. residential solar and battery adoption following the expiration of the residential ITC under Section 25D of the Code on December 31, 2025.
As of September 30, 2026, contract liabilities included in deferred revenues, current and deferred revenues, non-current on the condensed consolidated balance sheet includes approximately $51.7 million in prepayments or billings under the ITC Five Percent Safe Harbor method for products to be delivered in the fourth quarter of 2026, and approximately $46.8 million in prepayments or billings under the Physical Work Test beginning-of-construction method. Product deliveries and revenue recognition associated with these arrangements may occur over multiple periods through the second quarter of 2031 and are dependent on the timing of product shipment and satisfaction of performance obligations. As a result, the timing and structure of these safe harbor arrangements have contributed to increased variability in the timing of revenue recognition and cash flows between reporting periods.
Demand for Products. The prolonged softness in demand in the solar industry has continued to adversely impact certain distributors and installers, contributing to reduced liquidity, bankruptcies and business closures across the channel. These disruptions have negatively affected our revenue and profitability and could result in higher allowances for credit losses and loss from change in fair value of debt securities in the future. In Europe, the overall business environment across the region is still challenging, and is expected to remain constrained in the fourth quarter of 2026. In the United States, uncertainty arising from changes in legislation, including the elimination or reduction of existing tax credits for clean energy programs under the OBBA, as well as evolving U.S. trade and tariff policies, has contributed, and may continue to contribute, to market volatility and adversely affect customer demand for our products, our pricing and our financial performance.
Products
The Enphase Energy System is a comprehensive portfolio of solar, storage and energy management hardware, software and services designed to support residential, commercial and small utility applications. While IQ Microinverters and IQ Batteries represent the most significant components of our revenue, our offering also includes a range of balance-of-system products, grid interconnection and control devices, power management software, monitoring platforms, and other services that together enable integrated energy solutions. Our products are designed to maximize energy production, simplify system design and installation, enhance reliability, and support a wide range of grid‑connected, backup and off-grid use cases.
IQ Microinverters. We ship IQ8™ Microinverters into 60 countries worldwide. Our IQ8P™ Residential Microinverters and IQ8P-3P™ Commercial Microinverters, with peak output power of 480 W AC, are designed to maximize energy production and can manage a continuous DC current of 14 amperes, supporting higher powered solar modules through increased energy harvesting. The IQ8P-3P Commercial Microinverter is offered for commercial and industrial applications in North America, Mexico, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and 13 Caribbean countries. The IQ8P Residential Microinverter is offered for residential and small commercial applications in North America and for grid-tied applications in South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, India, Thailand, the Philippines, France, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Poland, Turkey, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, North Macedonia and 13 Caribbean countries.
We began shipping our new IQ9N-3P™ Commercial Microinverter in December 2025. This is the first microinverter powered by advanced gallium nitride (“GaN”) technology and designed for three-phase 480Y/277 V (wye) grid configurations, without using external transformers. The IQ9N-3P Commercial Microinverter helps simplify design complexity, lowers installation and balance of system costs, and improves system efficiency for 480 V commercial projects.
In June 2026, we began shipping our new IQ9S-3P™ Commercial Microinverter, our most powerful microinverter, currently available across the United States. Built with GaN technology, the IQ9S-3P Commercial Microinverter supports high-wattage solar panels up to 770 W and connects directly to three-phase 480Y/277 V (wye) grid configurations without requiring external transformers. Together with the IQ9N-3P Commercial Microinverter, the IQ9S-3P Commercial Microinverter gives us a broader commercial portfolio for the U.S. 480 V three-phase market.
In June 2026, we also launched the IQ9N™ Microinverter for residential solar across the United States and key European markets, and in July 2026, we launched the IQ9N Microinverter in Australia and New Zealand. Built
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 37
with GaN technology, IQ9N Microinverters help enhance energy production from the latest high-power solar panels, and support 16 A of continuous DC current and 427 VA of continuous output power. IQ9N Microinverters are backward compatible with IQ7 and IQ8 Series Microinverters and also compatible with IQ Batteries, enabling homeowners and installers to expand existing Enphase systems.
In 2025, we released a software update in our Enphase IQ Gateway device that enables homeowners with existing legacy IQ7™ Microinverter-based systems to expand their solar capacity with IQ8 Microinverters. This software facilitates seamless interoperability between legacy and current system architectures and is available in North America, Europe, Australia, South Africa, the Philippines and other key markets.
We ship our residential and commercial microinverters and domestic batteries supplied from manufacturing facilities in the United States with higher domestic content than previous models, that when paired with other U.S.-made solar equipment may qualify for the domestic content bonus tax credit under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
In February 2026, we announced the introduction of Enphase Power Control™ software with our Enphase IQ Gateway device for IQ9™ and IQ8 Microinverter-based small commercial solar systems. Enphase Power Control™ software simplifies interconnections, reduces permitting complexity, and avoids costly utility upgrades, making it easier and more cost-effective to design and install small commercial microinverter systems. This software solution is designed to help installers reduce costs, simplify interconnection requirements, and enable projects that might otherwise not proceed due to unfavorable project economics.
IQ Batteries. We continue to scale our global footprint, by delivering advanced, grid-independent microinverter-based storage systems powered by our proprietary Ensemble OS™ software.
Our fourth-generation residential Enphase Energy System consists of two advanced storage solutions: the IQ® Battery 10C and the IQ® Battery 10CS. Both battery models share the same advanced architecture and integrated microinverters. Each model provides a base capacity of 10 kWh and is designed to easily scale up to 80 kWh as a homeowner's energy requirements grow. Delivering 7.1 kVA continuous output and 90 A of PowerStart™ capability per 10 kWh unit, both batteries are engineered to seamlessly support heavy household loads like HVAC units and pool pumps, without requiring additional neutral-forming hardware. The primary distinction is the physical form: the IQ Battery 10C is designed to be 30% more energy-dense and occupy 62% less wall space than previous models, while the IQ Battery 10CS features a slim, split-module design that reduces cabinet depth for tight spaces. The IQ Battery 10C are now shipping in the United States, including Puerto Rico and Bermuda. Both battery models now work with existing third-party solar systems for grid-forming and grid-tied solutions, providing whole-home backup, multi-day outage resilience, and unified energy monitoring. No replacement of existing solar equipment is required.
To complete this fourth-generation residential ecosystem, our balance-of-system components provide versatile interconnection options. The IQ® Meter Collar simplifies whole-home backup by providing microgrid interconnection device functionality, while the IQ® Combiner 6C further streamlines installation by consolidating interconnection equipment into one enclosure. Together, these components are designed to simplify the entire backup installation process and enhance reliability.
In July 2026, we announced expanded support that allows homeowners across the United States and Canada with existing non-Enphase solar systems to add the IQ Battery 10C and whole-home backup, without replacing the solar equipment already on the roof. With the addition of the IQ Battery 10C, IQ Combiner 6C, and IQ Meter Collar, homeowners can keep their existing solar investment while adding Enphase storage, whole-home backup, energy management, and monitoring through the Enphase® App.
We continue to expand the deployment of the IQ Battery 5P with FlexPhase™ technology, an AC-coupled, modular 5 kWh battery with 3.84 kVA of continuous power per unit, for both single-phase and three-phase applications. This product is currently shipping to Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Poland, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Ireland, Greece, Romania, Croatia, Finland, Malta, Estonia, India, Belgium, Slovenia, Slovakia, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Hungary, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Australia. The standard IQ Battery 5P continues to ship in the United States, Cayman Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Canada, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Romania and India. These Enphase IQ Batteries in Europe can be installed with both single-phase and three-phase third-party solar energy inverters, enabling homeowners to upgrade their existing home solar systems with a residential battery storage solution that reduces costs while providing increased self-reliance.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 38
Our older Enphase IQ Battery 3T and IQ Battery 10T storage systems, have a usable capacity of 3.4 kWh and 10.1 kWh for the United States, and 3.5 kWh and 10.5 kWh for Europe and other international countries. We currently ship these IQ Battery storage systems to customers in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Finland, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Denmark and Greece.
In October 2025, we announced support in the United States for complete off-grid system configurations that are capable of operating without a utility connection when needed. The system requires the IQ Battery 5P with embedded grid-forming microinverters, IQ8 Series Microinverters with Sunlight JumpStart™ technology and a third-party standby AC generator, which all work together to power the home.
In December 2025, we launched our PowerMatch™ technology, a battery software upgrade in Europe. PowerMatch intelligently adjusts IQ Battery output to match a home’s real-time power needs by activating only the microinverters needed, delivering more usable energy, higher efficiency, longer battery life and greater long-term savings. The efficiency gains achieved with this technology can improve battery performance by as much as 40%. In May 2026, we expanded PowerMatch technology to North America, making it available to homeowners with qualifying IQ Battery systems in the United States and Canada.
New Products in Development. In April 2026, we announced that we are developing our 1.25 MW IQ SST product for data centers, a distributed solid-state transformer platform designed to convert medium-voltage AC directly to low-voltage DC in a single stage. The IQ SST will be built as a supercluster of 342 power modules, with each module powered by our custom Kestrel ASIC and high-frequency GaN-based power platform. The architecture is designed to deliver native 800 V DC output for next-generation AI racks, sub-millisecond response to dynamic AI loads, built-in redundancy, and serviceability through hot-swappable modules, and is designed to scale to racks up to 5 MW. We expect customer pilots in 2027 and commercial shipments to begin in 2028. These timelines are subject to technical, supply chain, and customer-qualification risks, and there is no assurance that we will achieve these milestones on schedule or at all, or that our development efforts will result in commercial sales.
Results of Operations
Net Revenues
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 293,329 | $ | 410,427 | $ | (117,098) | (29) | % | $ | 868,083 | $ | 1,129,664 | $ | (261,581) | (23) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Net revenues decreased by approximately $117.1 million, or 29%, in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, driven primarily by a 33% decrease in IQ Batteries MWh shipped, a 22% decrease in microinverter units sold and product price decreases. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, we sold approximately 1.4 million microinverter units and shipped 129.9 MWh of IQ Batteries, as compared to approximately 1.8 million microinverter units and 195.0 MWh of IQ Batteries shipped in the three months ended September 30, 2025.
Net revenues in the United States were approximately $233.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $350.0 million in the same period in 2025, a decrease of $116.5 million, or 33%, primarily due to the expiration of the federal residential clean energy tax credit under Section 25D of the Code. Microinverter shipments that are associated with safe harbor transactions with customers were approximately $85.0 million and $70.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Net revenues from international markets were approximately $59.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $60.4 million in the same period in 2025, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 1%. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower revenues in international markets outside Europe, substantially offset by higher revenues in Europe. European revenues increased approximately $6.8 million primarily due to higher demand for IQ Batteries, particularly in the Netherlands, where regulatory changes have contributed to a transition toward solar-plus-storage systems. The increase also reflected higher revenue from our EV charging products as we expanded our product offerings and sales channels.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 39
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Net revenues decreased by approximately $261.6 million, or 23%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, driven primarily by a 38% decrease in IQ Batteries MWh shipped, an 8% decrease in microinverter units sold and product price decreases. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we sold approximately 4.4 million microinverter units and shipped 346.8 MWh of IQ Batteries, as compared to approximately 4.8 million microinverter units and 556.0 MWh of IQ Batteries shipped in the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Net revenues in the United States were approximately $694.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $884.6 million in the same period in 2025, a decrease of $190.3 million, or 22%, primarily due to the expiration of the federal residential clean energy tax credit under Section 25D of the Code. Microinverter shipments that are associated with safe harbor transactions with customers were approximately $203.8 million and $165.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Net revenues from international markets were approximately $173.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $245.1 million in the same period in 2025, a decrease of $71.3 million, or 29%, primarily driven by lower shipments to customers in Europe during the first half of 2026 driven by continued softening in demand. In addition, demand in certain European markets was impacted by macroeconomic conditions, regulatory and incentive framework transitions, and lower electricity prices compared to the same period in 2025, which reduced near‑term installation activity and delayed project starts.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues | $ | 166,211 | $ | 214,188 | $ | (47,977) | (22) | % | $ | 465,558 | $ | 594,691 | $ | (129,133) | (22) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 127,118 | $ | 196,239 | $ | (69,121) | (35) | % | $ | 402,525 | $ | 534,973 | $ | (132,448) | (25) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 43.3 | % | 47.8 | % | 46.4 | % | 47.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Cost of revenues decreased by approximately $48.0 million, or 22%, for the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. This decrease was primarily driven by a 33% decrease in IQ Batteries MWh shipped and a 22% decrease in microinverter units shipped.
Gross margin decreased by 4.5 percentage points in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to product price decreases, lower shipment volumes of IQ Batteries and microinverters that resulted in unfavorable absorption of fixed manufacturing and supply chain costs over a lower revenue base, and 1.9 percentage point impact for adjustment to record AMPTC generated in period at fair value.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Cost of revenues decreased by approximately $129.1 million, or 22%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. This decrease was primarily driven by approximately $47.0 million in IEEPA tariff refunds, a 38% decrease in IQ Batteries MWh shipped and an 8% decrease in microinverter units shipped.
This decrease in cost of revenues was partially offset by an approximately $18.9 million loss from the sale of tax credits generated during 2025.
Gross margin decreased by 1.0 percentage point in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to product price decreases, lower shipment volumes of microinverters and IQ Batteries, which resulted in unfavorable absorption of fixed manufacturing and supply chain costs over a lower revenue base, 2.0 percentage point impact for adjustment to record AMPTC generated in period at fair value, and 2.2 percentage points from the sale of tax credits generated during 2025, partially offset by 5.4 percentage points from the IEEPA tariff refunds.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 40
Research and Development
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 45,199 | $ | 47,266 | $ | (2,067) | (4) | % | $ | 135,724 | $ | 142,861 | $ | (7,137) | (5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 15 | % | 12 | % | 16 | % | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Research and development expense decreased by approximately $2.1 million, or 4%, in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 that lowered personnel-related expenses as a result of a reduction in headcount by approximately $5.6 million, partially offset by approximately $3.5 million increase in equipment and professional services for IQ SST and other next generation products. The amount of research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the differing levels and stages of development activity for our products.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Research and development expense decreased by approximately $7.1 million, or 5%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 that lowered personnel-related expenses as a result of a reduction in headcount by approximately $11.1 million, partially offset by approximately $4.0 million increase in equipment and higher professional services costs. The amount of research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the differing levels and stages of development activity for our products.
Sales and Marketing
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 45,110 | $ | 48,429 | $ | (3,319) | (7) | % | $ | 138,742 | $ | 148,085 | $ | (9,343) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 15 | % | 12 | % | 16 | % | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Sales and marketing expense decreased by approximately $3.3 million, or 7%, in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lowered personnel-related expenses by approximately $4.3 million as a result of moving certain functions to more cost efficient regions and leveraging advanced artificial intelligence tools, partially offset by approximately $0.6 million increase in provision for credit losses and approximately $0.4 million increase in professional services and advertising.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Sales and marketing expense decreased by approximately $9.3 million, or 6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 that lowered personnel-related expenses by approximately $9.1 million as a result of moving certain functions to more cost efficient regions and leveraging advanced artificial intelligence tools, and approximately $0.8 million lower equipment costs, partially offset by approximately $0.6 million increase in provision for credit losses.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 41
General and Administrative
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 30,395 | $ | 33,098 | $ | (2,703) | (8) | % | $ | 94,984 | $ | 101,168 | $ | (6,184) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 10 | % | 8 | % | 11 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
General and administrative expense decreased by approximately $2.7 million, or 8%, in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lowered personnel-related expenses by approximately $3.9 million, partially offset by approximately $1.2 million increase in professional services costs.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
General and administrative expense decreased by approximately $6.2 million, or 6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 lowered personnel-related expenses by approximately $7.1 million, partially offset by approximately $0.9 million increase in professional services costs and other corporate costs.
Restructuring and Asset Impairment
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and asset impairment | $ | (52) | $ | 1,287 | $ | (1,339) | (104) | % | $ | 4,733 | $ | 7,771 | $ | (3,038) | (39) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | — | % | 0.3 | % | 0.5 | % | 0.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Restructuring and asset impairment credit of approximately $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026, primarily consisted of employee related benefits. Restructuring charges of approximately $1.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily consisted of approximately $0.7 million of contract termination charges and approximately $0.6 million of employee-related expenses.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Restructuring and asset impairment charges of approximately $4.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, primarily consisted of approximately $4.4 million of employee related expenses and approximately $0.3 million of contract termination charges. Restructuring charges of approximately $7.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily consisted of approximately $4.9 million of employee related expenses, approximately $1.4 million of asset impairment charges and approximately $1.5 million of contract termination charges.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 42
Other Income (Expense), Net
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 16,912 | $ | 15,429 | $ | 1,483 | 10 | % | $ | 41,691 | $ | 47,372 | $ | (5,681) | (12) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (327) | (830) | 503 | (61) | % | (1,287) | (3,692) | 2,405 | (65) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | (26,622) | (3,739) | (22,883) | 612 | % | (24,278) | (12,651) | (11,627) | 92 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | $ | (10,037) | $ | 10,860 | $ | (20,897) | (192) | % | $ | 16,126 | $ | 31,029 | $ | (14,903) | (48) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Interest income of approximately $16.9 million increased in the three months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $15.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to interest income earned on long-term accounts receivable and outstanding refund for 2024 AMPTCs through our 2024 tax return filed in April 2025, partially offset by lower average cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and lower interest rates.
Interest expense, net, of approximately $0.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026, primarily included amortization of debt issuance costs with our 0.0% convertible senior notes due 2028 (the “Notes due 2028”). Interest expense of approximately $0.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily included approximately $0.8 million for the amortization of debt issuance costs with our 0.0% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “Notes due 2026”) and the Notes due 2028.
Other expense, net, of approximately $26.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026, primarily consisted of approximately $26.5 million non-cash expense related to the decrease in the fair value of debt securities, approximately $0.7 million non-cash guarantee expense and approximately $0.1 million decrease in the fair value of our tax equity fund investment, partially offset by approximately $0.4 million gain on asset sale, $0.2 million of net foreign currency loss from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities and approximately $0.1 million tariff refund interest. Other expense, net, of approximately $3.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily consisted of approximately $3.2 million non-cash expense related to the decrease in the fair value of debt securities and approximately $0.5 million decrease in the fair value of our tax equity fund investment.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Interest income of approximately $41.7 million decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $47.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to lower average cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and lower interest rates.
Interest expense of approximately $1.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, primarily included amortization of debt issuance costs with the Notes due 2026 and the Notes due 2028. Interest expense of approximately $3.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily included approximately $3.7 million for the coupon interest and debt discount amortization with our 0.25% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “Notes due 2025”), and amortization of debt issuance costs with the Notes due 2025, Notes due 2026 and Notes due 2028, and other interest.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 43
Other expense, net, of approximately $24.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, primarily consisted of approximately $29.3 million non-cash expense related to the decrease in the fair value of debt securities, approximately $0.7 million non-cash guarantee expense, approximately $0.7 million realized loss from sale of marketable securities, approximately $0.3 million decrease in the fair value of our tax equity fund investment, partially offset by approximately $2.9 million net foreign currency gain from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities, approximately $1.7 million gain related to the sale of patents, approximately $1.7 million tariff interest refund, and approximately $0.4 million of gain on asset sale. Other expense, net, of approximately $12.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily consisted of approximately $12.3 million non-cash expense related to the decrease in the fair value of debt securities and approximately $0.5 million decrease in the fair value of our tax equity fund investment, partially offset by approximately $0.1 million net gain due to foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities.
Income Tax Benefit (Provision)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change in | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | $ | 26,958 | $ | (10,381) | $ | 37,339 | (360) | % | $ | 7,592 | $ | (32,697) | $ | 40,289 | (123) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
For the three months ended September 30, 2026, we recorded an income tax benefit of approximately $27.0 million, as compared to an income tax provision of approximately $10.4 million in the same period in 2025. This $37.3 million change primarily reflects the tax benefit related to the impairment of investments in multiple debt securities, and lower profitability in the current-year period, principally in the United States.
The income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2026 was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method and primarily reflects tax benefits associated with the impact of the AMPTC. While AMPTC is directly related to qualifying production and shipment activity and pretax income, it is treated as permanent items for income tax accounting purposes and is excluded from the annualized effective tax rate calculation. As a result, our effective tax rate for the period reflects the impact of these permanent benefits and may not be indicative of the statutory tax rate or expected annual effective tax rate.
The income tax benefit primarily includes benefits from the AMPTC and the tax benefit related to the impairment of investments in debt securities, partially offset by tax expense in profitable foreign jurisdictions and tax expense related to equity-based compensation shortfalls. We continue to apply the interim income tax methodology prescribed by ASC 740‑270.
Nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we recorded an income tax benefit of approximately $7.6 million, as compared to an income tax provision of approximately $32.7 million in the same period in 2025. This $40.3 million change primarily reflects the tax benefit related to the impairment of investments in multiple debt securities, and lower profitability in the current-year period, principally in the United States, offset by the tax effects of the IEEPA tariff refund.
The income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method and primarily reflects tax benefits associated with the impact of the AMPTC. While AMPTC is directly related to qualifying production and shipment activity and pretax income, it is treated as permanent items for income tax accounting purposes and is excluded from the annualized effective tax rate calculation. As a result, our effective tax rate for the period reflects the impact of these permanent benefits and may not be indicative of the statutory tax rate or expected annual effective tax rate.
The income tax benefit primarily includes benefits from the AMPTC and the tax benefit related to the impairment of investments in debt securities, partially offset by tax expense in profitable foreign jurisdictions, tax expense related to equity‑based compensation shortfalls, which was generally consistent with the prior‑year period, and the tax effects of the IEEPA tariff refund. We continue to apply the interim income tax methodology prescribed by ASC 740‑270.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 44
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
As of September 30, 2026, we had approximately $1.4 billion in net working capital, including cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $931.8 million, of which approximately $772.5 million was held in the United States. Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities primarily consist of U.S. Government agency securities and treasuries, money market mutual funds, corporate notes and bonds and commercial paper, and both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits, with the remainder held in various foreign subsidiaries. We consider amounts held outside the United States to be accessible and have provided for the estimated withholding tax liability on the repatriation of our foreign earnings.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 931,846 | $ | 1,477,924 | $ | (546,078) | (37) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | 573,163 | $ | 1,203,548 | $ | (630,385) | (52) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities decreased by approximately $546.1 million from September 30, 2025 to September 30, 2026, primarily due to payoff of the Notes due 2026, investments in private and public companies, issuance of loan receivables and payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by cash generated from operations and the sale of AMPTC we generated during 2025 and in the first and second quarters of 2026.
Total carrying amount of debt decreased by approximately $630.4 million from September 30, 2025 to September 30, 2026, primarily due to the payoff of the Notes due 2026, partially offset by accretion of issuance costs.
We expect our principal short-term cash requirements (over the next 12 months) to include working capital, strategic investments, acquisitions, repurchases of common stock and payments of withholding taxes for net share settlement of employee equity awards, payments on our outstanding debt, and purchases of property and equipment. We plan to fund any cash requirements for the next 12 months from our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand, and cash generated from operations.
For the long-term period (beyond 12 months), we plan to continue growing cash flows from operations and sale of AMPTC to support our business operations and strategic investment plans. We regularly evaluate our liquidity position, debt obligations and anticipated cash needs. As part of this ongoing assessment, we may pursue additional financing through the issuance of equity or debt, as necessary, to support our operational and investment needs.
We anticipate that access to the debt market will be more constrained compared to prior periods due to elevated interest rates and recent policy changes to solar tax incentives following the enactment of the OBBBA. Our ability to secure debt or any other additional financing that we may choose to, or need to, obtain, will depend on various factors including our development efforts, business plans, operating performance and prevailing capital market conditions.
Repurchase of Common Stock. In July 2023, our board of directors authorized the 2023 Repurchase Program pursuant to which we could repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. Repurchases were funded from available working capital and marketable securities and were executed from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including under Rule 10b5-1 plans. As of September 30, 2026, approximately $268.7 million remained available for share repurchases under the 2023 Repurchase Program. In July 2026, the board of directors authorized an extension of the term of the 2023 Repurchase Program from July 26, 2026 to July 26, 2029, unless terminated earlier by the board of directors. All other terms of the 2023 Repurchase Program remain unchanged.
Convertible Notes. As of September 30, 2026, our aggregate principal convertible notes obligations were the Notes due 2028 of $575.0 million. Upon any conversion of the Notes due 2028, we expect to pay cash equal to the principal amount, and at our election, we will pay or deliver cash and/or shares of our common stock for any conversion premium.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 45
Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2026, the Company had $24.4 million outstanding under a subordinated secured revolving credit facility provided to a privately-held company in which the Company holds a non-controlling equity interest (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement has a maximum commitment of $30.0 million and matures on April 30, 2027. Advances under the Credit Agreement are restricted to permitted expenditures and are subject to borrowing base availability, satisfaction of conditions precedent, and lender approval mechanics. Interest accrues at 9.0% per annum on a payment-in-kind basis and is capitalized quarterly to the principal balance. Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Operating Leases. We have entered into various non-cancelable operating leases primarily for our facilities with original lease periods expiring through the year 2036, with the most significant leases relating to our offices in Fremont and Petaluma, California, Arlington and Austin, Texas and Bengaluru, India. As of September 30, 2026, we had total operating lease obligations of approximately $41.4 million recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Other Material Cash Requirements. As of September 30, 2026, we had open purchase obligations of approximately $262.4 million related to component inventory that we and our primary contract manufacturers procure on our behalf in accordance with our production forecast as well as other inventory related purchase commitments. The timing of purchases in future periods could differ materially from estimates presented above due to fluctuations in demand requirements related to varying sales levels as well as changes in economic conditions.
Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 143,284 | $ | 88,961 | |||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 422,218 | 83,280 | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (652,266) | (243,409) | |||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (7,156) | 8,932 | |||||||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (93,920) | $ | (62,236) | |||||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities consisted of our net income adjusted for certain non-cash reconciling items, such as stock-based compensation expense, discount from the sale of AMPTC generated during 2025, asset impairment, non-cash interest expense, decrease in the fair value of debt securities and tax equity fund, deferred income taxes, depreciation and amortization, amortization of premium on investments, provision for credit losses, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $54.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to net cash proceeds of approximately $218.1 million and $69.8 million for the sale of $235.0 million AMPTC generated in 2025 and $75.0 million AMPTC generated in the first half 2026, respectively, contributing to a favorable change in working capital, partially offset by higher cash outflows from accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $422.2 million was primarily from the net maturities of approximately $475.8 million of marketable securities and approximately $17.6 million of repayments from a loan receivable, partially offset by approximately $45.8 million used in purchases of test, tooling and assembly equipment for U.S. manufacturing related facility improvements and information technology enhancements, approximately $24.4 million used in the net issuance of a secured revolving credit facility and approximately $1.0 million used for the issuance of a loan receivable.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 46
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $83.3 million was primarily from the net maturities of approximately $178.8 million of marketable securities, partially offset by approximately $48.5 million issuance of loan receivables to private companies, approximately $30.9 million used in purchases of test and assembly equipment for U.S. manufacturing related facility improvements and information technology enhancements, including capitalized costs related to internal-use software, approximately $9.8 million used in an investment in a tax equity fund and approximately $6.3 million used in an investment in a debt security.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, net cash used in financing activities of approximately $652.3 million was primarily from payment of approximately $632.5 million towards the settlement of the Notes due 2026 and payment of approximately $23.9 million in employee withholding taxes related to net share settlement of employee equity awards, partially offset by net proceeds from purchases under our employee stock purchase plan of approximately $4.2 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in financing activities of approximately $243.4 million was primarily from payment of approximately $130.0 million used to repurchase our common stock under the 2023 Repurchase Program, approximately $102.2 million towards the settlement of the Notes due 2025, and payment of approximately $16.6 million in employee withholding taxes related to net share settlement of employee equity awards, partially offset by approximately $5.4 million of net proceeds from purchases under our employee stock purchase plan.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.
We consider an accounting policy to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the condensed consolidated financial statements. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies as described in the Form 10-K.
Adoption of New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of adoption of new and recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Basis of Presentation,” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our market risk compared to the disclosures in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”, in the Form 10-K. Also see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in the Form 10-K.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 47
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2026. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), includes, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2026, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Changes in Internal Control
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 48
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we might be subject to various legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against us in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. Except as described in this Item 1, we are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings, the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Securities Class Action Lawsuits
On July 15, 2024, a putative class action complaint was filed against us, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer (collectively, the “Initial Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Hayes v. Enphase Energy, Inc., Case No. 3:24-cv-04249 (the “Securities Class Action”), purportedly on behalf of a class of individuals who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between December 12, 2022 and April 25, 2023. The Securities Class Action alleges that Initial Defendants made false and/or misleading statements in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief.
On or about July 29, 2024, six additional stockholders filed motions to be appointed lead plaintiff and have their selection of counsel appointed as lead counsel in the Securities Class Action. The Court held a hearing on the lead plaintiff motions on September 5, 2024, and appointed Lon D. Praytor as lead plaintiff on March 31, 2025. On April 17, 2025, movant Andrey Ponomarchuk filed a motion for reconsideration of the Court’s order appointing Praytor as lead plaintiff. Lead plaintiff Praytor filed an amended complaint on May 21, 2025, alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by Enphase and our chief executive officer, purportedly on behalf of a class of individuals who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between February 7, 2023 and April 25, 2023 and removing our chief financial officer as a defendant (the remaining defendants referred herein as “Hayes Defendants”). Hayes Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on July 2, 2025. Lead plaintiff filed his opposition on August 15, 2025, and Hayes Defendants filed their reply on September 15, 2025. The hearing on the motion to dismiss originally scheduled for September 17, 2026 has been rescheduled to November 12, 2026.
On December 13, 2024, another putative class action complaint was filed naming us, our chief executive officer and our chief products officer (collectively, “Trustees Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Trustees of the Welfare and Pension Funds of Local 464A v. Enphase Energy, Inc., Case No. 4:24-cv-09038 (the “Pension Fund Action”), purportedly on behalf of a class of individuals who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between April 25, 2023 and October 22, 2024. The Pension Fund Action alleges that Trustees Defendants made false and/or misleading statements in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief.
On or about February 11, 2025, several additional stockholders moved to be appointed lead plaintiff in the Pension Fund Action and have their selection of counsel appointed as lead counsel. On August 20, 2025, the Court appointed HANSAINVEST Hanseatische Investment-GMBH as lead plaintiff. Lead plaintiff filed its amended complaint on October 20, 2025. Trustees Defendants’ filed their motion to dismiss on December 12, 2025. Lead plaintiff filed its opposition on February 10, 2026, and Trustees Defendants filed their reply on March 27, 2026. The Court vacated the previously scheduled hearing on the motion to dismiss. On September 28, 2026, the Court granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss with prejudice as to certain challenged statements and without prejudice as to the remainder of the challenged statements. The Court granted lead plaintiff leave to amend the complaint as to the statements dismissed without prejudice. On October 20, 2026, the Court entered the parties’ stipulated schedule whereby lead plaintiff’s second amended complaint will be due by November 6, 2026, Trustees Defendants’ motion to dismiss will be due by December 16, 2026, lead plaintiff’s opposition will be due by January 25, 2027, and Trustees Defendants’ reply brief will be due by February 24, 2027.
On February 17, 2026, a putative class action complaint was filed naming us, our chief executive officer, and our chief financial officer (together “Tripathi Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Tripathi v. Enphase Energy, Inc., et al., Case No. 4:26-cv-01380 (the “Tripathi Action”), purportedly on behalf of a class of individuals who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between April 22, 2025 and October 28, 2025. The Tripathi Action alleges that Tripathi Defendants made false and/or
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 49
misleading statements in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief. On July 7, 2026, the Court appointed Heather Stith as lead plaintiff and approved her selection of lead counsel in the Tripathi Action. The plaintiff’s amended complaint was filed on September 8, 2026, and our motion to dismiss is due on November 9, 2026.
We dispute the allegations in each of the above-referenced lawsuits and intend to defend the matters vigorously.
Shareholder Derivative Lawsuits
On July 16, 2024, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on our behalf against the Initial Defendants, our non-employee directors and us (as nominal defendant) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Ibarra v. Kothandaraman, et al., Case No. 3:24-cv-04278 (the “Ibarra Action”). The Ibarra Action asserts claims for breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act based on the purported dissemination of substantially the same allegedly false and misleading statements asserted in the Securities Class Action. The Ibarra Action is seeking unspecified damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to our corporate governance and internal procedures.
On September 5, 2024, another shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on our behalf against the Initial Defendants, our non-employee directors and us (as nominal defendant) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Isaac v. Kothandaraman, et al., Case No. 4:24-cv-06257 (the “Isaac Action”), containing substantially the same allegations as those in the Ibarra Action. On September 20, 2024, the Court consolidated the Isaac and Ibarra Actions for all purposes into one action under the title In re Enphase Energy, Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation (the “Derivative Action”).
On October 11, 2024, the Court granted the parties’ stipulation to stay the Derivative Action until all motions to dismiss the Securities Class Action are decided.
On December 31, 2024, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on our behalf against Trustees Defendants, our non-employee directors and us (as nominal defendant) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Hirani v. Kothandaraman, et al., Case No. 4:24-cv-09532 (the “Hirani Action”). The Hirani Action asserts claims for breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act based on the purported dissemination of substantially the same allegedly false and misleading statements asserted in the Pension Fund Action. The Hirani Action is seeking unspecified damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to our corporate governance and internal procedures.
On January 17, 2025, another shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on our behalf against Defendants II, our non-employee directors and us (as nominal defendant) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Hanowski v. Kothandaraman, et al., Case No. 4:25-cv-000652 (the “Hanowski Action”). The Hanowski Action asserts claims substantially similar to those asserted in the Hirani Action, also based on the same allegedly false and misleading statements asserted in the Pension Fund Action. The Hanowski Action is seeking unspecified damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to our corporate governance and internal procedures.
On January 31, 2025, the plaintiffs in the Hirani and Hanowski Actions filed a motion to relate their actions to the Pension Fund Action, which the Court approved on February 18, 2025. On March 7, 2025, the Court granted the parties’ stipulation to consolidate the Hirani and Hanowski Actions for all purposes into one action under the title In re Enphase Energy, Inc. 2025 Shareholder Derivative Litigation (the “Derivative II Action”). On May 8, 2025, the Court stayed the Derivative II Action pending resolution of all motion(s) to dismiss in the Pension Fund Action. On January 28, 2026, purported shareholder Ahmed Ibrahim filed a motion to intervene in the Derivative II Action. On February 25, 2026, Trustees Defendants and Plaintiff Hanowski filed responses to Ibrahim’s intervention motion. Ibrahim filed his reply on March 6, 2026. On March 12, 2026, proposed intervenors Edwin Isaac and Edna Martin filed a separate motion to intervene. On March 13, 2026, Hanowski filed an administrative motion seeking permission to file a sur-reply to Ibrahim’s reply brief. Ibrahim opposed the sur-reply motion on March 16, 2026. On March 26, 2026, Ibrahim and Trustees Defendants filed responses to the Isaac and Martin motion to intervene. The following day, the Court granted Hanowski’s motion for leave to file a sur-reply. On April 2, 2026, Isaac and Martin
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 50
filed their reply in support of their motion to intervene. On April 9, 2026, the Court denied both motions to intervene, and the case remains stayed.
On April 23, 2026, purported shareholder Terrence Collins filed a derivative lawsuit in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware against our non-employee directors and certain of our executives captioned Collins v. Kothandaraman, et al., Case No. 2026-0519 (the “Collins Action”). The Collins Action alleges that the defendants purportedly breached their fiduciary duties in connection with allowing the issuance of the statements challenged in the Securities Class Action, the Pension Fund Action, and the Tripathi Action, as well as in connection with purported sales of stock. The Collins Action seeks unspecified damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to our corporate governance and internal procedures.
We dispute the allegations in each of the above-referenced lawsuits and intend to defend the matters vigorously.
Patent Lawsuit
On August 19, 2026, Tigo Energy Innovations LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas against us, alleging infringement of ten patents by certain of our products. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. Given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of the case, we cannot reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with the matter. We dispute the allegations in this lawsuit and intend to defend the matter vigorously.
The pending lawsuits and any other lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and the actual defense and disposition costs will depend upon many unknown factors. We could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of the pending lawsuits and any additional lawsuits, and we may not prevail. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with such lawsuits.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before investing in our securities, you should consider carefully the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Form 10-K, including the risk factors identified in Part I, Item 1A thereof. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” above. Our actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Any of the risks discussed in the Form 10-K, in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and other risks we have not anticipated or discussed, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Except as set forth below, there has been no material change to our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A in the Form 10‑K.
Changes in the United States trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, have and could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenue, results of operations or cash flows.
Our business is dependent upon the availability of raw materials and components for assembly. During 2025, the United States imposed significant new tariffs on nearly all products and components imported into the United States and pursued a new approach to trade policy that included renegotiating or terminating pre-existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements, enacting sweeping new tariffs on all imports, and imposing additional “reciprocal” tariffs on targeted imports from specified countries. A subset of our products is sourced from China and India, and certain components necessary to manufacture our products in the United States, including our microinverters, batteries and related accessories, are imported from China, India, Taiwan, Vietnam and Japan, among other countries.
On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that tariffs imposed by the U.S. under IEEPA were invalid. The U.S. Supreme Court did not address refunds or remedies but instead remanded the matter to the Court of International Trade to address remedies. In response, the President issued an executive order rescinding the IEEPA tariffs and directing agencies to take measures to cease collection of the tariffs. However, a presidential proclamation was issued imposing a temporary import surcharge under Section 122. The surcharge was initially set at 10% ad valorem on all imports, and subsequently increased to 15%, the statutory maximum, with certain exceptions for specified commodities (e.g., electronics and critical minerals) and United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement qualified products. The surcharge took effect on February 24, 2026, for a maximum period of 150 days and expired on July 24, 2026. On May 7, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade held that the Section 122 proclamation was invalid on the basis that it did not satisfy the statutory requirements of the Trade Act of 1974. The government appealed the ruling, and the Federal Circuit issued a temporary stay pending appeal. As of the date of
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 51
this filing, the appeal remains pending. On July 23, 2026, following an investigation initiated on June 2, 2026 under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (“Section 301”), the Administration announced new tariffs of 10% or 12.5% on imports from 60 trading partners. These tariffs apply to many of the countries from whom we source materials and can include some products material to our business. The evolving legal status, and expiration of the Section 122 surcharge creates additional uncertainty regarding our tariff exposure and any potential recovery of Section 122 duties paid to date. The ultimate impact of these newly enacted and potential future tariffs or other restrictions on international trade will depend on various factors, including the ultimate level of tariffs, the duration such tariffs remain in place, and how other countries respond to U.S. tariffs. Due to broad uncertainty regarding the timing, content and extent of any regulatory changes in the United States or abroad, we cannot predict the impact, if any, that these changes could have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If the Section 122 surcharge is not replaced, we may benefit from reduced tariff costs on imported components; however, any replacement tariffs imposed under alternative statutory authorities, such as Section 301 or Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 or Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930, could result in tariff rates that are equal to or higher than the former Section 122 surcharge and could remain in effect for significantly longer periods.
We have moved a significant portion of our manufacturing to the United States, while retaining limited contract manufacturing in China and India. However, certain components necessary for our products are still required to be imported from outside the United States. For example, LFP battery cells used in our storage products are still supplied solely by two vendors in China. Although we are in the process of searching for other vendors outside of China for future supplies, the expertise and industry for the LFP battery cell is primarily in China, and it will require significant effort to identify alternative, qualified suppliers with the right expertise to develop our battery cells. The resulting environment of retaliatory trade or other practices or additional trade restrictions or barriers, if implemented on a range of products or components that we source from outside the United States, could harm our ability to obtain necessary product components or to sell our products at prices customers are willing to pay, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and cash flows.
Trade disputes, trade restrictions, tariffs and other geopolitical tensions between the United States and other countries may also exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability, and economic recessions or downturns, which may also negatively impact customer demand for our products or services, delay purchases or renewals, limit expansion opportunities with customers, limit our access to capital, or otherwise negatively impact our business and operations. Ongoing tariffs, trade restrictions and macroeconomic uncertainty have contributed, and may continue to contribute to volatility in the price of our common stock.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Stock Repurchase Program
In July 2023, our board of directors authorized the 2023 Repurchase Program pursuant to which we could repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. As of September 30, 2026, approximately $268.7 million remained available for repurchasing shares under the 2023 Repurchase Program. Purchases may be completed from time to time in the open market or privately negotiated transactions, including under Rule 10b5-1 plans. In July 2026, our board of directors authorized an extension of the term of the 2023 Repurchase Program from July 26, 2026 to July 26, 2029, unless terminated earlier by the board of directors. All other terms of the 2023 Repurchase Program remain unchanged.
The following table provides information about our repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2026 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Period Ended | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 2026 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 268,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| August 2026 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 268,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 2026 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 268,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 52
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
Set forth below is certain information regarding a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by one of our officers (as defined in Rule 16-a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) during the third quarter of 2026. The adoption of this trading plan occurred during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c)
Name | Title | Date Plan was Adopted | Expiration Date | Total Amount of Common Stock to be Sold Under the Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Item 6. Exhibits
A list of exhibits filed with this report or incorporated herein by reference is found in the Exhibit Index below.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 53
| Incorporation by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 001-35480 | 3.1 | 4/6/2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 001-35480 | 3.1 | 8/9/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 001-35480 | 2.1 | 8/6/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 001-35480 | 3.1 | 5/27/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S-8 | 333-256290 | 4.5 | 5/19/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 001-35480 | 3.1 | 4/8/2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32.1* | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101). | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and shall not be deemed “filed” by Enphase Energy, Inc. for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing.
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 54
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: October 27, 2026
| Enphase Energy, Inc. | |||||||||||
By: | /s/ Mandy Yang | ||||||||||
| Mandy Yang | |||||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) (Duly Authorized Officer) | |||||||||||
Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 55
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Enphase Energy, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: October 27, 2026
| /s/ BADRINARAYANAN KOTHANDARAMAN | |||||
| Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman | |||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Mandy Yang, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Enphase Energy, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: October 27, 2026
| /s/ MANDY YANG | |||||
| Mandy Yang | |||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Enphase Energy, Inc. (the “Company”), and Mandy Yang, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his or her knowledge:
1. The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and
2. The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: October 27, 2026 | October 27, 2026 | |||||||
| /s/ BADRINARAYANAN KOTHANDARAMAN | /s/ MANDY YANG | |||||||
| Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman | Mandy Yang | |||||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, has been provided to Enphase Energy, Inc. and will be retained by it and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.