Freedom Holding Corp 10-Q for FY2022 Q3
Freedom Holding Corp. (FRHC)
10-Q
2022-02-09
For: 2021-12-31
View Original
Added on
April 08, 2026
About this 10-Q
Freedom Holding Corp filed this 10-Q on February 9, 2022, covering the quarter ended December 31, 2021 (FY2022 Q3).
Headline figures
Quarter ended December 31, 2021, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $145.68M
- up 45.3% from $100.23M a year earlier
- Net income
- $51.23M
- up 20.9% from net income of $42.37M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.85
- up 18.1% from $0.72 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended | |||||
| OR | |||||
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
| For the transition period from ________ to _________ | |||||
Commission File Number 001-33034
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | ||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
The | ||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | o | x | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No x
As of February 7, 2022, the registrant had 59,534,712 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, issued and outstanding.
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Pages | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021 | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for The Three and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 | ||||||||
2
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Trading securities | |||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | |||||||||||
| Brokerage and other receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Loans issued | |||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Securities repurchase agreement obligations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Customer liabilities | |||||||||||
| Trade payables | |||||||||||
| Current income tax liability | |||||||||||
| Securities sold, not yet purchased – at fair value | |||||||||||
| Loans received | |||||||||||
| Debt securities issued | |||||||||||
| Lease liability | |||||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred distribution payments | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 20) | |||||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
Preferred stock - $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Common stock - $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | ( | ( | |||||||||
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
3
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| Three months ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and commission income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on trading securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss)/gain on derivative | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUE, NET | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and commission expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for impairment losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income)/expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENSE | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment relating to available-for-sale investments disposed of in the period, net of tax effect | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax effect | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME BEFORE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| BASIC NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE (In US Dollars) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| DILUTED NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE (In US Dollars) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares (basic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares (diluted) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| Nine Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows (Used In)/From Operating Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (used in)/from operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncash lease expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in deferred taxes | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (gain)/loss on trading securities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in accrued interest | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for receivables | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brokerage and other receivables | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans purchased from microfinance organization | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans sold to microfinance organization | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans issued | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold, not yet purchased – at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer liabilities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Current income tax liability | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade payables | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash flows (used in)/from operating activities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows (Used In)/From Investing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of fixed assets | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities, at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consideration paid for Zerich Capital Management | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consideration paid for Prime Executions | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consideration paid for Freedom Bank KZ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash received from acquisitions | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash flows (used in)/from investing activities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from securities repurchase agreement obligations | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt securities | |||||||||||
| Repurchase of debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from loans received | |||||||||||
| Exercise of options | |||||||||||
| Net cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | ( | ||||||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | |||||||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD | $ | $ | |||||||||
| For The Nine Months ended | |||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income tax paid | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental non-cash disclosures: | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained/disposed of in exchange for operating lease obligations during the period, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown as in the statement of cash flows | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| Common Stock | Additional paid in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Non-controlling interest | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance At September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income /(loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance At December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance At March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of Freedom UA shares | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of options | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance At December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| Common Stock | Additional paid in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Non-controlling interest | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance At September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payment | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of options | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income /(loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance At December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance At March 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payment | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of options | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment relating to available-for-sale investments disposed of in the period, net of tax effect | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance At December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Overview
Freedom Holding Corp. (the “Company” or “FRHC”) is a corporation organized in the United States under the laws of the State of Nevada that through its operating subsidiaries provides financial services including retail securities brokerage, investment research, investment advisory services, securities trading, market making, investment banking and underwriting services and complementary banking services in Eurasia. The Company is headquartered in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with supporting administrative office locations in Russia, Cyprus and the United States. The Company has retail locations in Russia, Kazakhstan, Cyprus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Germany. The Company also owns an institutional broker dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Company’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
The Company owns directly, or through subsidiaries, the following companies:
•LLC Investment Company Freedom Finance, a Moscow, Russia-based securities broker-dealer (“Freedom RU”);
•LLC FFIN Bank, a Moscow, Russia-based bank (“Freedom Bank RU”);
•JSC Freedom Finance, an Almaty, Kazakhstan-based securities broker-dealer (“Freedom KZ”);
•Freedom Finance Global PLC, an Astana International Financial Centre-based securities broker-dealer, (“Freedom Global”);
•Bank Freedom Finance Kazakhstan JSC, an Almaty, Kazakhstan-based bank (“Freedom Bank KZ”);
•Freedom Finance Special Purpose Company LTD, an Astana International Financial Centre-based special purpose company (“Freedom SPC”);
•Freedom Finance Commercial LLP, a Kazakhstan-based sales consulting company (“Freedom Commercial”);
•Freedom Finance Europe Limited, a Limassol, Cyprus-based broker-dealer (“Freedom EU”);
•Freedom Finance Technologies Ltd, a Limassol, Cyprus-based IT development company (“Freedom Technologies”);
•Freedom Finance Germany GmbH, a Berlin, Germany-based tied agent of Freedom EU (“Freedom GE”);
•UK Prime Limited, a London, United Kingdom-based financial intermediary company (“Prime UK”);
•LLC Freedom Finance Uzbekistan, a Tashkent, Uzbekistan-based broker-dealer (“Freedom UZ”);
•LLC Freedom Finance Azerbaijan, an Azerbaijan-based financial educational center (“Freedom AZ”);
•LLC Freedom Finance Armenia, an Armenia-based broker-dealer (“Freedom AR”);
•Prime Executions, Inc., a New York City, New York-based NYSE institutional brokerage, that recently received approval to engage in certain capital markets and investment banking activities (“PrimeEx”); and
•FFIN Securities, Inc., a currently-dormant Nevada corporation (“FFIN”)
As of December 31, 2021, the Company also owned a 9 % interest in LLC Freedom Finance Ukraine, a Kiev, Ukraine-based broker-dealer (“Freedom UA”). The remaining 91 % interest in Freedom UA is owned by Askar Tashtitov, the Company’s president. However, as a result of a series of contractual relationships between FRHC and Freedom UA, we account for Freedom UA as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under the accounting standards of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Accordingly, the financial statements of Freedom UA are consolidated into the financial statements of the Company.
Prior to July 2021 we owned approximately 32.9 % of Freedom UA, but due to recent changes to Ukrainian regulations to further restrict foreign ownership of registered Ukrainian broker-dealers, in July 2021 we were required to sell approximately 23.9 % of our equity interest in Freedom UA to Mr. Tashtitov, reducing our direct ownership interest in Freedom UA to approximately 9 %. In April 2019 the Company entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Freedom UA and Mr. Tashtitov that obligate the Company to guarantee the performance of all Freedom UA obligations and provide Freedom UA sufficient funding to cover all operating losses and net capital requirements, enable the Company to receive 90 % of the net profits of Freedom UA after tax, and require the Company to provide Freedom UA the management competence, operational support, and ongoing access to the Company’s significant assets, necessary technology resources and expertise to conduct the business of Freedom UA.
9
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
The Company’s subsidiaries are professional participants on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), Astana Stock Exchange (AIX), Moscow Exchange (MOEX), Saint-Petersburg Exchange (SPBX), the Ukrainian Exchange (UX), the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE), the Uzbek Republican Currency Exchange (UZCE) and a member of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Nasdaq Stock Exchange (Nasdaq). We also own a 24.3 % interest in the UX.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated or as is otherwise contextually required, FRHC, Freedom RU, Freedom Bank RU, Freedom KZ, Freedom Global, Freedom Bank KZ, Freedom SPC, Freedom Commercial, Freedom EU, Freedom Technologies, Freedom GE, Prime UK, Freedom UZ, Freedom AZ, Freedom AR, PrimeEx and FFIN are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”.
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Accounting principles
The Company’s accounting policies and accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP).
These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting.
Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation
Consolidation of variable interest entities
Use of estimates
Revenue recognition
10
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
•Commissions on brokerage services;
•Commissions on banking services (money transfers, foreign exchange operations and other); and
•Commissions on investment banking services (underwriting, market making, and bondholders’ representation services).
Under Topic 606, the Company is required to recognize commission fees when they are probable and there is not a significant chance of reversal in the future. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with this core principle by applying the following steps:
•Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer - A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations.
•Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract - A contract includes promises to transfer goods or services to a customer. If those goods or services are distinct, the promises are performance obligations and are accounted for separately.
•Step 3: Determine the transaction price - The transaction price is the amount of consideration in a contract to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer. The transaction price can be a fixed amount of customer consideration, but it may sometimes include variable consideration or consideration in a form other than cash. The transaction price also is adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the contract includes a significant financing component and for any consideration payable to the customer. If the consideration is variable, an entity estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the promised goods or services. The estimated amount of variable consideration will be included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
•Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - An entity typically allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative standalone selling prices of each distinct good or service promised in the contract. If a standalone selling price is not observable, an entity estimates it. Sometimes, the transaction price includes a discount or a variable amount of consideration that relates entirely to a part of the contract.
•Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation - An entity recognizes revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer (which is when the customer obtains control of that good or service). The amount of revenue recognized is the amount allocated to the satisfied performance obligation. A performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time (typically for promises to transfer goods to a customer) or over time (typically for promises to transfer services to a customer). For performance obligations satisfied over time, an entity recognizes revenue over time by selecting an appropriate method for measuring the entity’s progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation.
Interest income
Interest income on loans issued, trading securities and reverse repurchase agreement obligations are recognized based on the contractual provisions of the underlying arrangements.
Loan premiums and discounts are deferred and generally amortized into interest income as yield adjustments over the contractual life and/or commitment period using the effective interest method.
Unamortized premiums, discounts and other basis adjustments on trading securities are generally recognized in interest income over the contractual lives of the securities using the effective interest method.
11
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Derivative financial instruments
Loans
The Company’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments: credit cards, mortgages and retail banking loans. Credit cards consist of loans provided to individuals and businesses through the cards. Mortgage loans consist of loans provided to individuals to purchase real estate, which is used as collateral for the loan. Retail banking loans consist of unsecured loans provided to individuals.
Loans Acquired
All purchased loans are initially recorded at fair value, which includes consideration of expected future losses, at the date of the loan acquisition. To determine the fair value of loans at the date of acquisition, the Company estimates the discounted contractual cash flows due using an observable market rate of interest, adjusted for factors such as probable default rates of the borrowers, and the loan terms that a market participant would consider in determining fair value. In determining fair value, contractual cash flows are adjusted to include prepayment estimates based upon historical payment trends, forecasted default rates and loss severities and other relevant factors. The difference between the fair value and the contractual cash flows is recorded as a loan premium or discount, which may relate to either credit or non-credit factors, at acquisition.
The Company accounts for purchased loans under the accounting guidance for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration when, at the time of purchase, the loans have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination.
The Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses on purchased loans that have not experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination at the time of purchase through earnings in a manner that is consistent with originated loans. The policies relating to the allowance for credit losses on loans is described below in the “Estimate of Incurred Loan Losses” section of this Note.
Estimate of Incurred Loan Losses.
The allowance represents management’s current estimate of incurred loan losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio as of each balance sheet date. The provision for credit losses reflects credit losses the Company believes have been incurred and will eventually be recognized over time through charge-offs.
Management performed a quarterly analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio to determine if impairment had occurred and to assess the adequacy of the allowance based on historical and current trends as well as other factors affecting credit losses. The Company applied separate calculations of the allowances for its credit cards, mortgages and retail loan portfolios. Based on the adopted methodology, the Company estimated the probability of default based on historical default rates, adjusted for certain macro indicators, such as GDP, average exchange rates, unemployment rate and real wage index. Loss given default is calculated based on the collateral coverage of the loans. The Company’s allowance for loan losses consists of two components that are allocated to cover the estimated probable losses in each loan portfolio based on the results of the Company’s detailed review and loan impairment assessment process: (i) a component for loans collectively evaluated for impairment; and (ii) an asset-specific component for individually impaired loans.
12
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Functional currency
Cash and cash equivalents
Securities reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements
A reverse repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the Company purchases financial instruments from a seller, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to resell the same or substantially the same financial instruments to the seller for an amount equal to the cash or other consideration exchanged plus interest at a future date. Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the contractual amount for which the securities will be resold, including accrued interest. Financial instruments purchased under reverse repurchase agreements are recorded in the financial statements as cash placed on deposit collateralized by securities and classified as cash and cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the Company sells financial instruments to another party, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to reacquire the same or substantially the same financial instruments from the buyer for an amount equal to the cash or other consideration exchanged plus interest at a future date. These agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions. The Company retains the financial instruments sold under repurchase agreements and classifies them as trading securities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The consideration received under repurchase agreements is classified as securities repurchase agreement obligations in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company enters into reverse repurchase, repurchase, securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions to, among other things, acquire securities to leverage and grow its proprietary trading portfolio, cover short positions and settle other securities obligations, to accommodate customers’ needs and to finance its inventory positions. The Company enters into these transactions in accordance with normal market practice. Under standard terms for repurchase transactions, the recipient of collateral has the right to sell or repledge the collateral, subject to returning equivalent securities on settlement of the transaction.
13
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Available-for-sale securities
Trading securities
Financial assets are classified as trading securities if the financial asset has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term.
Trading securities are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in revenue. Changes in fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income and included in net gain on trading securities. Interest earned and dividend income are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income and are included in interest income, according to the terms of the contract and when the right to receive the payment has been established.
Investments in nonconsolidated managed funds are accounted for at fair value based on the net asset value (“NAV”) of the funds provided by the fund managers with gains or losses included in net gain on trading securities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income.
Debt securities issued
Brokerage and other receivables
Margin lending
14
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Margin lending tends to have lower credit risk due to the value of the collateral held and also its short-term nature. Margin lending balances tend to fluctuate from period to period as total customer balances change because of changing market levels, customer positioning and leverage.
Client margin requirements and established credit limits are continuously monitored by risk management of the Company. It is Company policy that clients must post additional collateral or reduce positions when necessary to avoid automatic liquidation of their positions.
Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or a part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognized when all of the following conditions are met:
•The transferred financial assets have been isolated from the Company - put presumptively beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership.
•The transferee has rights to pledge or exchange financial assets.
•The Company or its agents do not maintain effective control over the transferred financial assets or third-party beneficial interests related to those transferred assets
Where the Company has not met the asset derecognition conditions above, it continues to recognize the asset to the extent of its continuing involvement.
Impairment of long-lived assets
Impairment of goodwill
15
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as of March 31, 2021, and for the quarter December 31, 2021, were as follows:
Balance as of March 31, 2021 | $ | ||||
| Foreign currency translation | ( | ||||
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | ||||
Income taxes
The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the difference between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
Current income tax expenses are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. As part of the process of preparing financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for tax consequences in future years based on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements at each year-end and tax loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applicable for the differences that are expected to affect taxable income.
The Company will include interest and penalties arising from the underpayment of income taxes in the provision for income taxes (if anticipated). As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Reform Act require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company has presented the deferred tax impacts of GILTI tax in its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Financial instruments
Financial instruments are carried at fair value as described below.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. Fair value is the current bid price for financial assets, current ask price for financial liabilities and the average of current bid and ask prices when the Company is both in short and long positions for the financial instrument. A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange or other institution and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.
16
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Leases
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which requires leases with durations greater than twelve months to be recognized on the balance sheet.
Right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities are recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 19 - Leases, within the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for additional disclosure and significant accounting policies affecting leases.
Fixed assets
Segment information
Recent accounting pronouncements
17
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
In January 2021 the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 848, Reference Rate Reform, for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply as well to derivatives that are affected by the changes in interest rates used for margining, discounting or contract price alignment (i.e., the discounting transition). Examples of such use include (1) rates used in interest rate swaps to compute the cash flows for the swap’s variable leg, (2) interest rate indexes used to discount the future cash flows of a derivative instrument to determine its fair value, and (3) the compensation or the interest amount earned on margin payments (i.e., contract price alignment). The amended guidance in ASU No. 2021-01 is effective immediately for all entities. The guidance may be applied on (1) a full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or (2) a prospective basis to new modifications from any date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to the date of the issuance of ASU No. 2021-01 through the date that financial statements are available to be issued. If any of the amendments are applied for an eligible hedging relationship, adjustments resulting therefrom must be reflected as of the date that the election is applied. The Company's adoption of the provisions of ASU No. 2021-01 had no significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In May 2021 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) , which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC or the “Codification”) to provide explicit guidance, and, thus, reduce diversity in practice, on accounting by issuers for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after the modification or exchange. This amendment provides that for an entity that presents earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260, the effects of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is recognized as a dividend should be an adjustment to net income (or net loss) in the basic EPS calculation. The amended guidance becomes mandatorily effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2021-04 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2021 the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No 2021-06 “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Financial Services — Depository and Lending (Topic 942), and Financial Services — Investment Companies (Topic 946)” which amends various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Release No. 33-10786, Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses. SEC issued Final Rulemaking Release No. 33-10786, Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses, which modified the disclosure and presentation requirements concerning acquisitions and disposals of businesses. Primarily, the new rules amended (1) Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X, Definition of Terms Used in Regulation S-X, Significant Subsidiary, (2) Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X, Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired or to Be Acquired, (3) Rule 8-05 of Regulation S-X, Pro Forma Financial Information (which covers smaller reporting companies), and (4) Article 11 of Regulation S-X, Pro Forma Financial Information. In addition, new Rule 6-11 of Regulation S-X, Financial Statements of Funds Acquired or to Be Acquired, covering acquisitions specific to investment companies, was added. Corresponding changes were made to other Regulation S-X rules, various Securities Act and Securities Exchange Act rules, and Forms 8-K and 10-K. Compliance with the amended rules is required from the beginning of a registrant’s fiscal year commencing after December 31, 2020 (i.e., the mandatory compliance date). Acquisitions and dispositions that are probable or consummated after the mandatory compliance date are required to be evaluated for significance pursuant to the amended rules. Early compliance is permitted, provided that all the amended rules are applied in their entirety from the early compliance date. ASU No. 2021-06 amends SEC material in the Codification to give effect to Release No. 33-10786. The new rules apply to fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2021 (i.e., calendar-year 2021). Early voluntary compliance is allowed. Note that the rescission of Industry Guide 3 is effective on January 1, 2023. ASU No. 2021-06 amends SEC material in the Codification to give effect to Release No. 33-10835. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2021-06 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
18
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
In October 2021, The SEC issued the amendment of Compensation-Stock Compensation No. 2021-07, Determining the Current Price of an Underlying Share for Equity-Classified Share-Based Awards a consensus of the Private Company Council. The main amendments were concentrated in add paragraphs 718-10-30-20C through 30-20H and their related heading, with a link to transition paragraph 718-10-65-16, in which as a practical expedient, a nonpublic may use a value determined by the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method as the current price of its underlying share for purposes of determining the fair value of an award that is classified as equity in accordance with paragraphs 718-10-25-6 through 25-18 at grant date or upon a modification. Moreover, in the topic was amended paragraph 718-10-50-2(f), with a link to transition paragraph 718-10-65-16, which states that listed requirements indicates the minimum information needed to achieve the objectives in paragraph 718-10-50-1 and illustrates how the disclosure requirements might be satisfied. In some circumstances, an entity may need to disclose information beyond the following to achieve the disclosure objectives. Firstly, a description of the method used during the year to estimate the fair value (or calculated value) of awards under share-based payment arrangements. Secondly, a description of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value (or calculated value) of share-based compensation awards, including: i. Expected term of share options and similar instruments, including a discussion of the method used to incorporate the contractual term of the instruments and grantees' expected exercise and post vesting termination behavior into the fair value of the instrument. ii. Expected volatility of the entity's shares and the method used to estimate it. An entity that uses a method that employs different volatilities during the contractual term shall disclose the range of expected volatilities used and the weighted-average expected volatility. iii. Expected dividends. iv. Risk-free rate(s). v. Discount for post vesting restrictions and the method for estimating it. vi. Practical expedient for current price input. The topic also contains added paragraph 718-10-65-16, that illustrates the transition and effective date information related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-07 by the listed requirement: a. The pending content that links to this paragraph shall be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. b. An entity shall apply the pending content that links to this paragraph prospectively. c. Early application, including application in an interim period, is permitted for financial statements that have not been issued or made available for issuance as of October 25, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2021-06 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In October 2021, The SEC issued the amendment of Business Combinations (Topic 805), No. 2021-08, which related to Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The main amendments were concentrated in paragraphs 805-20-25-16 through 25-17 and add paragraph 805-20-25-28C and its related heading, with a link to transition paragraph 805-20-65-3, where the topic provides limited exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles applicable to business combinations. Moreover, the topic amends paragraphs 805-20-30-10 through 30-12 and add paragraphs 805-20-30-27 through 30-30 and their related heading, with a link to transition paragraph 805-20-65-3. Paragraph 805-20-25-16 notes that the Business Combinations Topic provides limited exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles applicable to business combinations. In the topic has been added paragraph 805-20-65-3, in which the following represents the transition and effective date information related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers: a. For public business entities, the pending content that links to this paragraph shall be effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2021-06 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures..
19
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 3 – CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current accounts with brokers | |||||||||||
| Current account with National Bank (Kazakhstan) | |||||||||||
| Current accounts with commercial banks | |||||||||||
| Current accounts in clearing organizations | |||||||||||
| Petty cash in bank vault and on hand | |||||||||||
| Accounts with stock exchanges | |||||||||||
| Current account with National Settlement Depository (Russia) | |||||||||||
| Current account with Central Bank (Russia) | |||||||||||
| Current account with Central Depository (Kazakhstan) | |||||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, with the exception of funds deposited with banks in the United States which may qualify for FDIC insurance up to $250,000
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the cash and cash equivalents balance included collateralized securities received under reverse repurchase agreements on the terms presented below:
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rates and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | % | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| US sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-US sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities sold under repurchase agreements | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
20
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rates and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-US sovereign debt | % | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities sold under repurchase agreements | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
The securities received by the Company as collateral under reverse repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume. The fair value of collateral received by the Company under reverse repurchase agreements as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, was $333,803 and $272,586 , respectively.
NOTE 4 – RESTRICTED CASH
Restricted cash for the periods ended December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, consisted of:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Brokerage customers’ cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred distribution payments | |||||||||||
| Reserve with Central Bank of Russia | |||||||||||
| Guaranty deposits | |||||||||||
| Total restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company’s restricted cash included the cash portion of the funds segregated in a special custody account for the exclusive benefit of its brokerage customers, as well as required reserves with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation which represents cash on hand balance requirements. Restricted cash also included a deferred distribution payment amount, which is a reserve held for distribution to shareholders who have not yet claimed their distributions from the 2011 sale of the Company’s oil and gas exploration and production operations of $8,534
21
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 5 – TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, trading and available-for-sale securities consisted of:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Corporate debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-US sovereign debt | |||||||||||
| Corporate equity | |||||||||||
| Exchange traded notes | |||||||||||
| US sovereign debt | |||||||||||
| Total trading securities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, the Company held debt securities of two issuers which individually exceeded 10 297,214 and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (BBB- credit rating) in the amount of $374,982 . The Company
also held equities of Public Joint Stock Company “St. Petersburg Exchange” in the amount of $140,257 . As of March 31, 2021, the Company held debt securities of two issuers which individually exceeded 10 293,451 and $193,677 , respectively.
The Company recognized no other-than-temporary impairment in accumulated other comprehensive income.
The fair value of assets and liabilities is determined using observable market data based on recent trading activity. Where observable market data is unavailable due to a lack of trading activity, the Company utilizes internally developed models to estimate fair value and independent third parties to validate assumptions, when appropriate. Estimating fair value requires significant management judgment, including benchmarking to similar instruments with observable market data and applying appropriate discounts that reflect differences between the securities that the Company is valuing and the selected benchmark. Depending on the type of securities owned by the Company, other valuation methodologies may be required.
Measurement of fair value is classified within a hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The valuation hierarchy contains three levels:
•Level 1 - Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 - Valuation inputs are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.
•Level 3 - Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
22
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
The following tables present securities assets in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosed in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021:
| Weighted Average Interest Rate | Total | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 using | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant Unobservable Units | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | % | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange traded notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
23
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Weighted Average Interest Rate | Total | Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2021 using | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant Unobservable Units | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | % | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange traded notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The table below presents the valuation techniques and significant level 3 inputs used in the valuation as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021. The table is not intended to be all inclusive, but instead captures the significant unobservable inputs relevant to determination of fair value.
| Type | Valuation Technique | FV as of December 31, 2021 | FV as of March 31, 2021 | Significant Unobservable Inputs | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-US sovereign debt | DCF | $ | Discount rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated number of years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | DCF | $ | $ | Discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated number of years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | DCF | $ | $ | Discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated number of years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | DCF | $ | Discount rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated number of years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
As of December 31, 2021, shares of SPBX held by the Company were transferred from level 3 to level 1, due to active trades on the market. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, market trades of SPBX shares were executed in the market, and market data for these shares became available.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for investments that use Level 3 inputs for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and the year ended March 31, 2021:
| Trading securities | Available-for-sale securities | ||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reclassification to level 1 | ( | ||||||||||
| Redemption of securities that use Level 3 inputs | ( | ||||||||||
| Purchase of investments that use Level 3 inputs | |||||||||||
| Revaluation of investments that use Level 3 inputs | |||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Sale of investments that use Level 3 inputs | ( | ||||||||||
| Purchase of investments that use Level 3 inputs | |||||||||||
| Revaluation of investments that use Level 3 inputs | |||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||||
The table below presents the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income, and fair value of available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021:
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Assets measured at amortized cost | Unrealized loss accumulated in other comprehensive income/(loss) | Assets measured at fair value | |||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
25
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Assets measured at amortized cost | Unrealized loss accumulated in other comprehensive income/(loss) | Assets measured at fair value | |||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
NOTE 6 – BROKERAGE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES, NET
Brokerage and other receivables as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, consisted of:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Margin lending receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Receivables from brokerage clients | |||||||||||
| Long-term installments receivables | |||||||||||
| Receivable from sale of securities | |||||||||||
| Receivable for underwriting and market-making services | |||||||||||
| Bank commissions receivable | |||||||||||
| Dividends accrued | |||||||||||
| Bonds coupon receivable | |||||||||||
| Other receivables | |||||||||||
| Allowance for receivables | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total brokerage and other receivables, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
On December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, amounts due from a single related party customer were $156,141 and $8,948 , respectively or 52 % and 14 % respectively, of total brokerage and other receivables, net. Based on historical data, the Company considers receivables due from related parties fully collectible. As of December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021, using historical and statistical data, the Company recorded an allowance for brokerage receivables in the amounts of $1,836 and $2,036 , respectively.
26
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 7 – LOANS ISSUED
Loans issued as of December 31, 2021, consisted of the following:
| Amount Outstanding | Due Dates | Average Interest Rate | Fair Value of Collateral | Loan Currency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loan | $ | February 2023 - September 2036 | % | $ | KZT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uncollateralized bank customer loans | January 2022 - December 2036 | % | KZT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated loan | December 2022-April 2024 | % | USD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank customer loans | January 2022 - September 2045 | % | RUB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated loan | September 2029 | % | UAH | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into agreements with a related party microfinance organization to purchase uncollateralized consumer retail loans. The agreements provide the Company the ability to sell back to the microfinance organization up to $9,263 of the total loans purchased.
The Company has determined that it has assumed substantially all of the risks and rewards from the transferor of the loans, with the exception of the amount it has the right to sell back to the transferor, accordingly the Company has received control of the loans and has recognized the loans on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased loans in the aggregate amount of $29,020 and sold back loans totaling $6,828 to the microfinance organization.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company held outstanding loans purchased from the microfinance organization totaling $16,802 , net of an allowance of $727 .
Loans issued as of March 31, 2021, consisted of the following:
| Amount Outstanding | Due Dates | Average Interest Rate | Fair Value of Collateral | Loan Currency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated loan | $ | December 2022-April 2024 | % | USD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uncollateralized non-bank loan | January 2022 – February 2022 | % | USD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uncollateralized non-bank loan | May 2021 | % | RUB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated loan | September 2029 | % | UAH | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank customer loans | March 2024 | % | KZT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank customer loans | July 2021- September 2045 | % | RUB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 8 – DEFERRED TAXES LIABILITIES
The Company is subject to taxation in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Cyprus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Germany, Azerbaijan United Kingdom, Armenia and the United States of America.
The tax rates used for deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, were 21 20 31 12.5 18 2 25 18 15 Deferred tax assets and liabilities of the Company are comprised of the following:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Tax losses carryforward | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Depreciation | |||||||||||
| Revaluation on trading securities | |||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Revaluation on trading securities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Fixed and intangible assets | |||||||||||
| Subordinated debt | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the effective tax rate was equal to 11.0 % and 15.8 %, respectively.
Net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, were $2,034 and $2,104 , respectively, and are subject to income tax in Uzbekistan.
28
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 9 – SECURITIES REPURCHASE AGREEMENT OBLIGATIONS
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, trading securities included collateralized securities subject to repurchase agreements as described in the following table:
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rates and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | % | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-US sovereign debt | % | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US sovereign debt | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities sold under repurchase agreements | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
The fair value of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, was $711,850 and $426,669 , respectively.
Securities pledged as collateral by the Company under repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume.
NOTE 10 – CUSTOMER LIABILITIES
The Company recognizes customer liabilities associated with funds held by our brokerage and bank customers. Customer liabilities consist of:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Brokerage customers | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Banking customers | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
29
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 11 – TRADE PAYABLES
Trade payables of the Company is comprised of the following:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Margin lending payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Payables to suppliers of goods and services | |||||||||||
| Trade payable for securities purchased | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
On December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, trade payables due to a single related party were $41,801 or 82 % and $13,810 or 62 %, respectively.
NOTE 12 – SECURITIES SOLD, NOT YET PURCHASED – AT FAIR VALUE
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company’s securities sold, not yet purchased at fair value was $15,167 and $8,592 , respectively.
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold shares that were not owned by it in the amount of $6,285 and closed short positions in the amount of $23 . During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a loss on the change in the fair value of financial liabilities in the amount of $313 in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income.
A short sale involves the sale of a security that is not owned with the expectation of purchasing the same security (or a security exchangeable) at a later date at a lower price. A short sale involves the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the security that would result in a theoretically unlimited loss.
NOTE 13 – LOANS RECEIVED
Loans received by the Company includes:
| Company | Lender | December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | Interest Rate | Term | Maturity dates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Freedom Holding Corp. | Non-Bank | $ | $ | % | 12/31/22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, non-bank loans received were unsecured. As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, accrued interest on the loans totaled $197 and $73 , respectively.
30
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
NOTE 14 – DEBT SECURITIES ISSUED
Outstanding debt securities of the Company include the following:
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Debt securities issued denominated in USD | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Debt securities issued denominated in RUB | |||||||||||
| Accrued interest | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company’s outstanding debt securities had fixed annual coupon rates ranging from 5.5 12 34,000 of Freedom RU notes issued in November 2021. The Freedom RU notes denominated in U.S. dollars, bear interest at an annual rate of 5.50 % and are due in November 2026. The Freedom RU notes were issued under Russian Federation law and trade on the Moscow Stock Exchange. The Company's debt securities include $20,498 of FRHC notes issued from December 2019 to February 2020. The FRHC notes denominated in U.S. dollars, bear interest at an annual rate of 7.00 % and are due in December 2022. The FRHC notes were issued under Astana International Financial Centre law and trade on the AIX. The Company’s debt securities also include $13,000 of Freedom SPC bonds issued in October 2021. The Freedom SPC bonds are denominated in U.S. dollars, bear interest at an annual rate of 5.50 % and are due in October 2026. The Freedom SPC bonds were issued under Astana International Financial Centre law and trade on the AIX. FRHC is a guarantor of the Freedom SPC bonds. The proceeds from Freedom SPC bonds were loaned to FRHC pursuant to a loan agreement dated November 22, 2021. The interest rate of the loan agreement is 5.5 % per annum. Interest payments are duly semi-annually in April and October. Repayment of the loan is due October 2026.
On May 29, 2021 the Company retired U.S. dollar denominated 8 % Freedom KZ bonds that had a carrying value of $10,477 including interest accrued of $274 as of March 31, 2021
Debt securities issued are initially recognized at the fair value of the consideration received, less directly attributable transaction costs.
NOTE 15 – NET GAIN ON TRADING SECURITIES
Net gain on trading securities is comprised of:
| Three Months Ended December 31, 2021 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Net gain recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net unrealized (loss)/gain recognized during the reporting period on trading securities still held at the reporting date | ( | ||||||||||
| Net gain recognized during the period on trading securities | $ | $ | |||||||||
31
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021 | Nine Months Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Net gain recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net unrealized (loss)/gain recognized during the reporting period on trading securities still held at the reporting date | ( | ||||||||||
| Net gain recognized during the period on trading securities | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company held in its proprietary trading portfolio shares SPBX at fair value of $140,258 and $18,408 , respectively.
During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company exchanged approximately 1,000,000 shares of its stock of SPBX for units in the closed-end unit investment combined fund “SPB fund” (the “SPBX ETF”) and sold those SPBX ETF units to approximately 490 investors through placement agents for net proceeds of $11,338 . Additionally, during the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold approximately 2,423,000 shares of SPBX to the market for net proceeds of $32,858 . As a result, during the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized net gain on trading securities sold of $39,658 , which included $36,079 of unrealized net gain recognized during previous periods that was reclassified to realized gain during the three months ended December 31, 2021.
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company exchanged approximately 12,500,000 shares of its stock of SPBX for units in the SPBX ETF. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold its SPBX ETF units to approximately 15,490 investors through placement agents for net proceeds of $167,011 . Additionally, during the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold approximately 2,423,000 shares of SPBX to the market for net proceeds of $32,858 . As a result, during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized net gain on trading securities sold of $189,193 , which included $177,146 of realized gain from the sale of the SPBX ETF and SPBX shares.
NOTE 16 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the three months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company earned commission income from related parties in the amounts of $83,831 and $56,243 , respectively. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company earned commission income from related parties in the amounts of $234,247 and $128,200 , respectively. Commission income earned from related parties is comprised primarily of brokerage commissions and commissions for money transfers by brokerage clients.
During the three months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company paid commission expense to related parties in the amount of $3,823 and $6,139 , respectively. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company paid commission expense to related parties in the amount of $14,350 and $10,381 , respectively.
During the three months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock grants to related parties in the amount of $385 and $0 , respectively. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock grants to related parties in the amount of $951 and $0 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents held in brokerage accounts of related parties totaling $22,863 and $12,256 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had bank commission receivables and receivables from brokerage clients from related parties totaling $362 and $962 , respectively. Brokerage and other receivables from related parties result principally from commissions receivable on the brokerage operations of related parties.
32
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had margin lending receivables with related parties totaling $159,047 and $9,886 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had margin lending payables to related parties, totaling $41,801 and $13,810 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had accounts payable due to a related party totaling $438 and $339 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had financial liability with related parties totaling $1,712 and $1,707 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had customer liabilities to related parties totaling $210,514 and $327,610 respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, the Company had restricted customer cash deposited in current and brokerage accounts with related parties in the amounts of $195,824 and $156,878 .
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased loans in the aggregate amount of $29,020 and sold back loans totaling $6,828 to a related party microfinance organization. As of December 31, 2021, the Company held outstanding loans purchased from the microfinance organization totaling $16,802 , net of an allowance of $727 .
In July 2021, to comply with certain foreign ownership restrictions relating to registered Ukrainian broker-dealers, the Company sold 23.88 % of the outstanding equity interest of Freedom UA to Askar Tashtitov, the Company’s president, for $416 . For additional information regarding this transaction, see Note 1 – Description of Business.
Brokerage and related banking services, including margin lending, were provided to related parties pursuant to standard client account agreements and at standard market rates.
NOTE 17 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, non-qualified stock options to purchase 60,000 shares were exercised at a strike price of $1.98 per share for total proceeds of $119 . During the nine months ended December 31, 2020, no outstanding nonqualified stock options were exercised.
On May 18, 2021, the Company awarded restricted stock grants totaling 1,031,500 shares of its common stock to 56 employees and consultants of the Company, including two executive officers of the Company. Of the 1,031,500 shares awarded pursuant to the restricted stock grant awards, 200,942 shares are subject to one-year vesting, 211,658 shares are subject to two-year vesting and 206,300 shares per year are subject to , and five-year vesting schedule, respectively.
On December 30, 2020, the Company awarded restricted stock grants in the amount of 15,000 shares of its common stock to three employees. Of the 15,000 shares awarded pursuant to the restricted stock grant awards, 4,500 shares are subject to one-year vesting conditions, 4,500 shares are subject to two-year vesting conditions and 6,000 shares are subject to three-year vesting conditions.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock grants and stock options in the amount of $4,561 and $11,283 during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2021, respectively. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock grants and stock options in the amount of $35 and $1,090 , respectively.
NOTE 18 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
33
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
and $31 during three months ended December 31, 2020. The compensation expense related to restricted stock grants was $11,283 during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and $978 during the nine months ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, there was $28,899 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares of common stock granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 4.36 years.
The Company has determined the fair value of restricted shares awarded during the nine months ended December 31, 2021 using the Monte Carlo valuation model based on the following key assumptions:
| Term (years) | |||||
| Volatility | % | ||||
| Risk-free rate | % | ||||
The table below summarizes the activity for the Company’s restricted stock outstanding during the nine months ended December 31, 2021:
| Shares | Weighted Average Fair Value | ||||||||||
Outstanding, at March 31, 2021 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
| Vested | |||||||||||
| Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |||||||||||
Outstanding, at December 31, 2021 | $ | ||||||||||
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, no stock options were awarded. Total compensation expense related to outstanding options was $0 54 and $162 , for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2020, respectively. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, options to purchase a total of 60,000 shares were exercised.
The Company has determined the fair value of such stock options using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on the following key assumptions:
| Term (years) | |||||
| Volatility | % | ||||
| Risk-free rate | % | ||||
Stock-based compensation expense for the cost of the awards granted is based on the grant-date fair value. For stock option awards, the fair value is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options granted but are not considered by the model. Accordingly, while management believes that the Black-Scholes option-pricing model provides a reasonable estimate of fair value, the model does not necessarily provide the best single measure of fair value for the Company’s employee stock options.
34
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
The following is a summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2021:
| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding, March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited/cancelled/expired | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding, at December 31, 2021 | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercisable, at December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 19 – LEASES
The Company determines whether a contract contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of the Company’s leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Company must discount lease payments based on an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate.
The table below presents the lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021:
| Classification on Balance Sheet | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | Right-of-use assets | $ | |||||||||
| Total lease assets | $ | ||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liability | Operating lease obligations | $ | |||||||||
| Total lease liability | $ | ||||||||||
35
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
Lease obligations at December 31, 2021, consisted of the following:
Twelve months ending March 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | $ | |||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total payments | ||||||||
| Less: amounts representing interest | ( | |||||||
| Lease liability, net | $ | |||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (in months) | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | % | |||||||
NOTE 20 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Freedom Bank KZ is a party to certain off-balance sheet financial instruments. These financial instruments include guarantees and unfunded commitments under existing lines of credit. These commitments expose the Company to varying degrees of credit and market risk which are essentially the same as those involved in extending loans to customers, and are subject to the same credit policies used in underwriting loans. Collateral may be obtained based on the Company’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments.
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit include commercial, commercial real estate, home equity and consumer lines of credit to existing customers. These commitments may mature without being fully funded.
Unfunded commitments under lines of guarantees
Unfunded commitments under lines of guarantees are conditional commitments issued by the Company to provide bank guarantees to a customers. These commitments may mature without being fully funded.
Bank guarantees
Bank guarantees are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support trade transactions or guarantee arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing guarantees is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. A
36
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) (All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated) | ||
| As of December 31, 2021 | As of March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Bank guarantees | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Unfunded commitments under lines of credits and guarantees | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||||
NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
37
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis is intended to assist you in understanding our results of operations and our present financial condition. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q contain additional information that should be referred to when reviewing this material and this document should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this report and in our other filings with the SEC including our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021.
The following discussion contains forward-looking statements based on assumptions and estimates and is subject to risks and uncertainties. Our future results could differ materially from those discussed below. See “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to those statements.
Special Note About Forward-Looking Information
All statements other than statements of historical fact included herein and in the documents incorporated by reference in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, if any, including without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, potential acquisitions, budgets, projected costs, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strategy,” “will,” “would,” and other similar expressions and their negatives.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which may be beyond our control. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof, and actual results could differ materially as a result of various factors. The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from anticipated results or events:
•general economic and political conditions globally and in the particular markets where we operate;
•declines in global financial markets;
•trading volumes and demand for brokerage services in our key markets;
•changes in our relationships or arrangements with related parties and third party service providers;
•the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including viral variants, future outbreaks and the effectiveness of measures implemented to contain its spread;
•a lack of liquidity, e.g., access to funds or funds at reasonable rates for use in our businesses;
•the inability to meet regulatory capital or liquidity requirements;
•increased competition, including downward pressures on commissions and fees;
•risks inherent to the brokerage, banking and market making businesses;
•fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates;
•failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights in our proprietary technology;
•risks associated with being a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of Nasdaq;
•the loss of key executives or failure to recruit and retain personnel;
•our ability to keep up with rapid technological change;
•information technology, trading platform and other system failures, cyber security threats and other disruptions;
•losses caused by non-performance by third parties;
•decreased profitability if loan payment delinquencies in our lending portfolio increase;
•losses (whether realized or unrealized) on our investments;
•our inability to integrate any businesses we acquire or otherwise adapt to expansion and rapid growth in our business;
•risks inherent in doing business in Russia and the other developing markets in which we do business;
•the impact of tax laws and regulations, and their changes, in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate;
•non-compliance with laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, particularly those relating to the securities and banking industries;
•the creditworthiness of our trading counterparties, and banking and margin customers;
•litigation and regulatory liability;
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•unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of pandemics, terrorist attacks, extreme weather events or other natural disasters, military conflict, political discord and social unrest; and
•other factors discussed in this report, as well as in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021 and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 8, 2021.
Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management and apply only as of the date of this report or the respective dates of the documents from which they incorporate by reference. Neither we nor any other person assumes any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of forward-looking statements. Further, except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligations to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, a change in events, conditions, circumstances or assumptions underlying such statements, or otherwise. We may also make additional forward-looking statements from time to time. All such subsequent forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, made by us or on our behalf, are also expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.
Overview
Freedom Holding Corp. is a holding company that owns and operates several diversified financial services businesses. Our subsidiaries engage in a broad range of activities in the financial services industry, including full-service retail securities brokerage, banking services, investment research and advisory services, securities trading, investment banking, retail banking, underwriting services and market making activities in Eurasia. We are headquartered in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with supporting administrative offices in Russia, Cyprus and the United States of America.
Our subsidiaries are professional participants on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), Astana Stock Exchange (AIX), Moscow Exchange (MOEX), Saint-Petersburg Exchange (SPBX), the Ukrainian Exchange (UX), the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE), the Uzbek Republican Currency Exchange (UZCE) and a member of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Nasdaq Stock Exchange (Nasdaq). Our Cyprus office provides our clients with operations support and access to the investment opportunities, relative stability, and integrity of the U.S., European and Asian securities markets, which under the regulatory regimes of many jurisdictions where we operate, provide only limited or no direct investor access to international securities markets.
We provide an array of financial services to our target retail audience of individuals and small and medium-sized enterprises seeking to diversify their investment portfolios to manage economic risk associated with political, regulatory, currency, banking, and national uncertainties. We also provide broker dealer services to other financial institutions. Our customers are provided online tools and retail locations to establish accounts and conduct securities trading on transaction-based pricing. We market our products and services through a number of channels, including telemarketing, training seminars and investment conferences, print and online advertising using social media, our mobile app and search engine optimization activities.
As of December 31, 2021, we were the largest securities broker in Kazakhstan based on volume, revenues and number of clients for transactions on the KASE, according to National Bank of Kazakhstan and were recently recognized as the top investment bond bookrunner in Kazakhstan for 2021 by Cbonds. As of December 31, 2021, we were the ninth largest retail broker in Russia based on MOEX data. On December 21, 2021, S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) assigned its “B/Stable/B” issuer credit rating to each of Freedom EU, Freedom RU, Freedom KZ and Freedom Global and on January 26, 2022, S&P assigned its “B/Stable/B” issuer credit rating to Freedom Bank KZ, while maintaining its Kazakhstan national scale rating of “kzBB+”.
As of December 31, 2021, we provided our retail brokerage services through 103 offices that provide brokerage, banking and other financial services, investment consulting and education, including (43) in Russia, (32) in Kazakhstan, (15) in Ukraine, (8) in Uzbekistan, and (1) in each of Cyprus, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan and Armenia. In the United States we own PrimeEx a floor broker on the NYSE with an international clientele, but to date Freedom EU does not have an account with or conduct trading activities with PrimeEx. PrimeEx recently received approval to provide certain capital markets and investment banking activities in the U.S. We have representative offices of Freedom EU in Greece and
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Spain. We also have a subsidiary in the United Kingdom which has applied for a brokerage license. In Russia (32) of our retail brokerage and financial services offices also provide banking services to our customers. During the quarter ended December 31, 2021, Freedom Bank RU received a universal banking license, which will allow Freedom Bank RU to offer services to customers outside of Russia, as well as, expanding the types of services it can offer. We operate a significant online and mobile banking presence, in particular through our proprietary “Tradernet” online securities trading platform and social network. Our Freedom EU subsidiary in Cyprus serves our Cypriot and emerging European clientele as well as servicing for international trading originating in Russia and Kazakhstan.
All of our securities broker dealer activities are subject to extensive regulation in the various jurisdiction where they conduct business. Freedom RU is a member of the Russian National Association of Securities Market Participants (“NAUFOR”), a statutory self-regulatory organization with wide responsibility in regulation, supervision and enforcement of its broker-dealer, investment banking, commercial banking and other member firms in Russia. Freedom Bank RU is a member of the National Financial Association in Russia. In Kazakhstan, Freedom KZ and Freedom Bank KZ are members of the Association of Financiers of Kazakhstan. Freedom UA is a member of the Professional Association of Capital Market participants and Derivatives (“PARD”) in Ukraine. Freedom EU is a member of the Association for Financial Markets in Europe (“AFME”).
We have experienced recent rapid growth in our business over a short period. Our number of total client accounts increased from approximately 140,000 as of March 31, 2020 to approximately 290,000 as of March 31, 2021, to approximately 370,000 as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, more than 60% of those client accounts carried positive cash or asset account balances. Internally, we designate “active accounts” as those in which at least one transaction occurs per quarter. For the three months ended December 31, 2021, we had approximately 100,000 active accounts. Our total assets increased by 82% to approximately $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2021 from approximately $1.5 billion as of December 31, 2020. In addition, we have made several recent significant acquisitions, including the acquisitions of Zerich Capital Management (“Zerich”) in July 2020, which was merged into Freedom RU in December 2020; and Freedom Bank KZ and PrimeEx both in December 2020. Our strategy includes making other acquisitions to grow our business.
Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our operations have been, and may continue to be, affected by certain key factors as well as certain historical events and actions. The key factors affecting our business and the results of operations include, in particular: the business environment in which we operate, the growth of retail brokerage activity in our key markets, the impact of COVID-19, governmental polices and acquisitions. Each of these factors is discussed in more detail below.
Business Environment
Financial services industry performance is closely correlated to economic conditions and financial market activity. Market conditions and activity are a product of many variables, most of which are generally beyond our control and unpredictable. These factors may affect the financial and investing decisions of our clients, including their level of participation in the financial markets and use of our services. Our clients’ financial decisions can directly affect our business.
Growth of Retail Brokerage Activity In Our Key Markets
The retail brokerage markets in Russia and Kazakhstan, our two main markets, have grown rapidly in recent years. This growth has had a significant positive effect on our results of operations in recent periods. According to the Moscow Exchange (based on data provided by NAUFOR), the number of retail clients on the MOEX increased from approximately $11.1 million as of March 31, 2021 to $16.8 million as of December 31, 2021. According to the MOEX, the rapid growth in retail securities investing in Russia has been driven by a number of factors, including among others the extension of trading hours on the MOEX and regulatory changes that have stimulated retail participation in the Russian financial market. In particular: in 2015, tax-advantaged individual investment accounts for private investors were introduced; in 2021, individual investment accounts became more relevant when bond coupons and interest on deposit (principal greater than RUB 1 million) became taxable; a tax exemption applies to capital gains on securities held for three or more years (up to RUB 9 million) for securities purchased after January 1, 2014; and retail investors are now able to remotely open brokerage accounts (which is particularly important in Russia’s remote regions). According to data from the KASE, the number of active accounts of retail investors on the KASE equity market increased from approximately 150.2 thousand in March 2021 to 218.3 thousand in December 2021.
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Impact of COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global financial markets. The pandemic has resulted in unprecedented global market conditions that have led to significant growth in our customer accounts, as well as increased activity from our existing customers, resulting in higher fee and commission income. These market conditions have also resulted in significant gains in our investment portfolio.
We continue to monitor conditions surrounding COVID-19, as well as economic and capital market conditions. We continue to follow the enhanced cleaning practices and other measures employed in our offices and retail locations in response to local health mandates. We have limited essential business travel and implemented practices to ensure that exposed employees, or those displaying symptoms of COVID-19, self-quarantine. In spring 2020, we transitioned the vast majority of our workforce to work remotely, with only essential employees working in the office. Where dictated by local health mandates, or as seems prudent to local management, this practice continues. As the pandemic continues to evolve, we regularly evaluate protocols and process in place to meet local health mandates. There have been no material disruptions to our business or processes to date as a result of these changes.
We believe that as a result of the intervention from banks and governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prospects and the subsequent introduction of viable vaccines, and increased time people have spent at home during the pandemic, there has been a corresponding opportunity and optimism in opening investment accounts and investing in financial markets worldwide, particularly in the U.S. capital markets, and in the non-U.S. markets where we operate. The increased levels of client activity combined with greater market volatility have led to significant growth in our client accounts, trading volume, commission and fee income and net income during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, and the nine months ended December 31, 2021.
While the overall impact of COVID-19 has been largely positive for our business during the quarters ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, its future impacts on our business, operational and financial performance is uncertain. Developments such as the duration and severity of future outbreaks of the same or different strains of the disease, such as the delta, omicron or other variants, the effectiveness of vaccines, new or additional measures implemented by governments, might impact our customers and employees, the financial markets, the global economy and the economies of the countries in which we operate. Because of these uncertainties, we cannot determine the future impacts of the pandemic on our business.
Governmental Policies
Our earnings are and will be affected by the monetary and fiscal policies of the governments of Russia, Kazakhstan, Cyprus, the United States and other countries in which we operate. The monetary policies of these countries may have a significant effect upon our operating results. It is not possible to predict the nature and impact of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies.
Acquisitions
Historically we have been active in pursuing inorganic growth through mergers and acquisitions. We expect this trend to continue in the future. We have made five acquisitions in the past four years, one of which was of a U.S. company (PrimeEx), two of which were of Russian companies (LLC Nettrader, and Zerich, which was merged into Freedom RU) and two of which were of Kazakhstani companies (Asyl Invest and Freedom Bank KZ). We anticipate making future acquisitions with a focus on enhancing or expanding our financial services offerings. We anticipate that we will continue to acquire financial services-related companies in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, on an opportunistic basis. In December 2020, we established a presence in the United States with our acquisition of PrimeEx, an NYSE floor broker servicing sell-side institutional clients, that recently received regulatory approval to expand its services offering to include certain capital markets and investment banking activities. As part of our strategy, we will be exploring potential opportunities to acquire buy-side institutional brokers, investment research firms, investment banking and securities clearing firms in the United States, to enhance our international financial services offering. We anticipate that our acquisition of any company operating in the financial services industry in the United States will be subject to prior regulatory approval. Currently our strategy in the U.S. is to focus on expansion mainly in the institutional investor segment with a potential expansion in the retail segment in the medium-term and long-term future.
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Planned Acquisitions
We are in the process of acquiring two insurance companies in Kazakhstan, JSC Life Insurance Company Freedom Finance Life, a life insurance company (“Freedom Life”), and Insurance Company Freedom Finance, a direct insurance carrier, excluding life, health and medical, (“Freedom Insurance”). Each of these companies is currently wholly owned by our controlling shareholder, Chairman and CEO, Timur Turlov. We have agreed with Mr. Turlov to acquire these companies from him at the historical cost paid by him plus amounts he has contributed as additional paid in capital since his purchase. These companies were not initially acquired directly by us because at the time they were put on the market for sale by their prior owner they did not have audit reports conforming to U.S. GAAP standards and had not demonstrated sustained profitability. We do not consider our planned acquisition of these two insurance companies collectively to be a material acquisition based on their size relative to the size of our group. These acquisitions require prior regulatory approval in Kazakhstan, which we are currently pursuing but which has not yet been granted. We plan to complete these acquisitions as soon as reasonably practicable following receipt of regulatory approval and execution of definitive acquisition agreements.
We have also agreed to purchase Asset Management Company Vostok-Zapad (East-West) Limited (“Vostok”), an asset management firm operating in Moscow, Russia, with assets under management of approximately $690 million. Vostok manages 13 mutual funds, including both open-end and closed-end funds. A number of the mutual funds are listed for trading on the SPBX, KASE and MOEX. We are also in the process of acquiring PayBox Technologies, and Ticketon.kz. PayBox is headquartered in Kazakhstan and operates regional payment aggregator platforms in Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan that provide businesses and consumers the ability to accept payments online and at point-of-sale locations using all major credit and debit methods. Ticketon.kz is a Kazakhstani online entertainment, cultural and recreational event ticketing system organized in 2011. It currently has locations in 21 cities with 150 connected facilities and is expanding its operations into Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. We do not consider our planned acquisitions of Vostok, PayBox or Ticketon.kz to collectively be material acquisitions based on their size relative to the size of our group. We plan to complete these acquisitions as soon as reasonably practicable following execution of definitive acquisition agreements and necessary approvals.
While we believe that it is probable that the above planned acquisitions will be completed in the near future, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.
New Banking Products
Digital Mortgage
Digital mortgage is a new product launched by Freedom Bank KZ in July 2021, that allows customers in Kazakhstan to apply for and complete the residential mortgage loan process online. This service significantly speeds up the mortgage registration process. Moreover, there is no cost to the customer to complete the initial online assessment. As of December 31, 2021, 615 digital mortgage loans have been approved and issued in the aggregate amount of $22,233. Approval of all loans is carried out by Freedom Bank KZ. Since the launch of the digital mortgage product, nearly 59,000 online assessments have been submitted through Freedom Bank KZ’s digital mortgage portal.
Invest Card
Freedom Bank KZ has also successfully developed and launched its "Invest card" product. Invest cards offer features unique to the Kazakhstani market, including the ability to quickly and conveniently transfer money to and from a customer’s investment accounts, around-the-clock access to the customer’s brokerage accounts, instant card issuance upon approval, instant replenishment and payment for purchases without commissions, and daily interest of up to 3% per annum in U.S. dollars on the outstanding balance on the card.
Key Income Statement Line Items
Revenue
We derive revenue primarily from fee and commission income earned from our retail brokerage and banking clients, fee and commission income from investment banking services, our proprietary trading activities and interest income. Fee and commission income as a percentage of our total revenue was 84% and 74% in the three month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and 58% and 76% in the nine month periods ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.
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Fee and Commission Income
Fee and commission income consists principally of brokerage fees from customer trading, including fees charged for providing marginal lending and related banking services, and fees for underwriting, market making and consulting services. A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from commissions from clients through accounts with transaction based pricing. Brokerage commissions are charged on investment products in accordance with a schedule we have formulated that aligns with local practices. Retail brokerage service fee and commission income as a percentage of our total fee and commission income was 75% and 67% in the three month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively and 52% and 68% in the nine month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Fees received for banking services consist primarily of wire transfer fees, commissions for payment processing and commissions for currency exchange operations. The following table presents our fee and commission income as a percentage of our total revenue by type for the periods presented.
| Three months ended December 31, | Nine months ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (as a % of total revenue) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail brokerage fee and commission income | 75 | % | 67 | % | 52 | % | 68 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Investment banking fee and commission income | 2 | % | 2 | % | 1 | % | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Commission from bank services | 4 | % | 3 | % | 2 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other fee and commission income | 3 | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total fee and commission income as a percentage of total revenue | 84 | % | 74 | % | 58 | % | 76 | % | |||||||||||||||
Net Gain on Trading Securities
Net gain on trading securities reflects the gains and losses from our proprietary trading activities. Net gains or losses are comprised of realized and unrealized gains and losses. Gains or losses are realized when we close a position in a security and realize a gain or a loss on that position. U.S. GAAP requires that we reflect in our financial statements unrealized gains and losses on all our securities trading positions that remain open as of the end of each period. Fluctuations in unrealized gains or losses from one period to another may result from factors within our control, such as when we elect to close an open securities position, which would have the effect of reducing our open positions and, thereby potentially reducing or increasing the amount of unrealized gains or losses in a period. Changes in unrealized gains and losses from period to period may also occur as a result of factors beyond our control, such as fluctuations in the market prices of the open securities positions we hold. This may adversely affect the ultimate value we realize from these investments. Unrealized gains or losses in a particular period may or may not be indicative of the gain or loss we will realize on a securities position when the position is closed. As a result, we may realize significant swings in gains and losses realized on our trading securities year-over-year and quarter-to-quarter.
Interest Income
We earn interest income from trading securities, reverse repurchase transactions and loans to customers. Interest income on trading securities consists of interest earned from investments in debt securities and dividends earned on equity securities held in our proprietary trading account.
Fee and Commission Expense
We incur fee and commission expense for operations within our brokerage and banking activities. Fee and commission expense consists of expenses related to brokerage, banking, stock exchange, clearing and depository services. Generally, we expect fee and commission expense to increase and decrease corresponding to increases and decreases in fee and commission income.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense includes the expenses associated with our short-term and long-term financing, which consist of interest on securities repurchase agreement obligations, customer accounts and deposits, debt securities issued and loans received.
Operating Expense
Operating expense includes payroll and bonuses, advertising expenses, lease cost, professional expenses, depreciation and amortization, communication services, software support, stock compensation expense, representative expenses, business trip expenses, utilities, charity and other expenses.
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments, Net of Tax
The functional currencies of our operating subsidiaries are the Russian ruble, the Kazakhstan tenge, the euro, the U.S. dollar, the Ukrainian hryvnia, the Uzbekistani som, the Kyrgyzstani som, the UK pound sterling, the Azerbaijani manat and the Armenian dram. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP we are required to revalue our assets from our functional currencies to our reporting currency for financial reporting purposes.
Net Income/(Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
We own a 9% interest in Freedom UA. The remaining 91% interest is owned by Askar Tashtitov, the president of our Company. Through a series of agreements entered into with Freedom UA that obligate us to guarantee the performance of all Freedom UA obligations, provide Freedom UA adequate funding to cover its operating losses and net capital requirements, provide the management competence and operational support and ongoing access to our significant assets, technology resources and expertise in exchange for 90% of all net profits of Freedom UA after tax, we account for Freedom UA as a variable interest entity. We reflect our ownership of Freedom UA as a noncontrolling interest in our consolidated statements of financial condition, consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and consolidated statements of cash flows. Prior to July 2021 we owned approximately 32.9% of Freedom UA, but due to recent changes to Ukrainian regulations to further restrict foreign ownership of registered Ukrainian broker-dealers, in July 2021 we were required to sell approximately 23.9% of our equity interest in Freedom UA to Mr. Tashtitov (which sale was for US$0.4 million), reducing our direct ownership interest in Freedom UA to approximately 9%.
All dollar amounts reflected in "Results of Operations", "Liquidity and Capital Resources", "Contractual Obligations" and "Critical Accounting Policies" of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars unless the context indicates otherwise.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three-month Periods Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
The following comparison of our financial result for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, is not necessarily indicative of future results.
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Revenue
The following table sets out information or our revenue for the periods presented.
| Three months ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and commission income | $ | 122,237 | 84 | $ | 74,333 | 74 | $ | 47,904 | 64 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on trading securities | 403 | — | 18,944 | 19 | (18,541) | (98) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 22,907 | 16 | 7,374 | 7 | 15,533 | 211 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on foreign exchange operations | 451 | — | (1,413) | (1) | 1,864 | (132) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss on derivatives | (314) | — | 995 | 1 | (1,309) | (132) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net | $ | 145,684 | 100 | $ | 100,233 | 100 | $ | 45,451 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended December 31, 2021, we realized total net revenue of $145,684, a 45% increase compared to three months ended December 31, 2020. Revenue during the three months ended December 31, 2021, was significantly higher than the three months ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to increased fee and commission income and interest income, which was partially offset by decreased net gain on trading securities.
Fee and commission income. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, fee and commission income was $122,237, an increase of $47,904, or 64%, as compared to fee and commission income of $74,333 for the December 31, 2020. This increase in fee and commission income was primarily attributable to a $42,137 increase in fees and commission from brokerage services. The increase in fee and commission income from brokerage services was attributable to a number of factors including: growth in client accounts through acquisitions (inorganic) and organic efforts including expansion of our retail financial advisers and increases in the volume of analysts’ reports made available to our customer base; and significantly increased trading volume and client activity stemming from government and bank interventions and other events in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting increased market volatility and economic uncertainty.
Net gain on trading securities. Net gain on trading securities was $403 for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $18,944 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. See the following table for information regarding our net gains and losses during the three months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| Realized Net Gain | Unrealized Net (Loss)/Gain | Net Gain | |||||||||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2021 | $ | 39,658 | $ | (39,255) | $ | 403 | |||||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2020 | $ | 11,462 | $ | 7,482 | $ | 18,944 | |||||||||||
During the quarter ended December 31, 2021, we exchanged approximately 1,000,000 shares of stock in the SPBX we held in our proprietary trading account for units in the SPBX ETF. The main contributing factors to the increase in realized net gain on trading securities during the three months ended December 31, 2021, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020, was the sale of those SPBX ETF units and the sale of other SPBX shares we held. As a result, for the three months ended December 31, 2021, we recognized net gain on trading securities sold of $39,658, which included $36,079 of unrealized net gain recognized during previous periods that was reclassified to realized net gain during the quarter ended December 31, 2021.
Interest income. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, we recognized a $15,533, or 211%, increase in interest income as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020. We recognized a $14,698, or 228%, increase in interest income from trading securities for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020, due to increases in the total size of our trading portfolio and an increase in the amount of bonds we held as a percentage of our total trading portfolio. We had a $182, or 35%, decrease in interest income from reverse repurchase transactions for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the three months ended December 30, 2020.
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Net gain on foreign exchange operations. For the three months ended December 31, 2021, we realized a net gain on foreign exchange operations of $451, as compared to a net loss of $1,413 during the three months ended December 31, 2020. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the value of the Russian ruble depreciated by 2% against the U.S. dollar and the Kazakhstani tenge depreciated by 1.4% against the U.S. dollar. Freedom KZ recognized a net loss on foreign exchange operations of $80 in U.S. dollar denominated direct repurchase agreement obligations. As a result of the depreciation of the Kazakhstani tenge against the Russian ruble by approximately 1.1% our subsidiary Freedom RU recognized a net loss on foreign exchange operations of $750 on Kazakhstani tenge denominated trading securities. In addition, due to a higher volume of cash and non-cash operations, we recognized a $1,300 gain on purchases and sales of foreign currency for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to a net loss of $1,413 on purchases and sale of foreign currency for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Expense
The following table sets out the information on our total expense for the periods presented.
| Three months ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and commission expense | $ | 22,716 | 24 | $ | 20,278 | 40 | $ | 2,438 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 20,799 | 22 | 6,649 | 13 | 14,150 | 213 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense | 50,496 | 54 | 21,921 | 44 | 28,575 | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for impairment losses | 45 | — | 1,109 | 2 | (1,064) | (96) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income)/expense, net | (64) | — | 244 | — | (308) | (126) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expense | $ | 93,992 | 100 | $ | 50,201 | 100 | $ | 43,791 | 87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended December 31, 2021, we incurred total expenses of $93,992, an 87%, increase as compared to total expense of $50,201 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. Expenses increased with the increase of interest expense and the growth of our business primarily in connection with increases in administrative costs and fees from the growth in our revenue generating activities and integrating our acquisition targets.
Fee and commission expense. Fee and commission expense increased by $2,438, or 12%, for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020. This included increases in bank services of $1,774, exchange and clearing services of $208, and brokerage commissions to our prime brokers of $129. The increases in fee and commission expense were the result of both growth in our customer base and increased transaction volume from our customers.
Interest expense. For the three months ended December 31, 2021, we incurred a $14,150, or 213%, increase in interest expense as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020. The increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to a $9,463 increase in the volume of short-term financing through securities repurchase agreements, and a $4,349 increase in interest on customer deposits. In the three months ended December 30, 2021, we increased our volume of short-term financing through securities repurchase agreements primarily in order to fund our investment portfolio. The increase in interest on customer deposits and loans received was a result of a growth of customer deposits.
Operating expenses. Operating expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2021, was $50,496, a 130% increase compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to an $11,807 increase in payroll and bonuses expense as a result expansion of our workforce through acquisition and hiring, a $4,526 increase in stock compensation expense resulting from issuing restricted stock grants to key employees in May 2021, a $4,753 increase in advertising expenses, and a $2,895 increase in professional services as a result of expansion of our business.
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Income tax expense
We recognized net income before income tax of $51,692 and $50,032 during the three months ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rate during the three months ended December 31, 2021, decreased to 1.6%, from 15.4% during the three months ended December 31, 2020, as a result of changes in the composition of the revenues we realized from our operating activities, the tax treatment of those revenues in the various foreign jurisdictions where our subsidiaries operate, and the incremental U.S. GILTI tax.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing factors, for the three months ended December 31, 2021, we had net income of $50,886 as compared to $42,321 for the three months ended December 31, 2020, an increase of 20%.
Non-controlling interest
We reflect our ownership of Freedom UA as a non-controlling interest in our consolidated statements of financial condition, consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and consolidated statements of cash flows. We recognized a net loss attributable to non-controlling interest of $343 for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to a net loss attributable to non-controlling interest of $53 for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
Due to the depreciation of the Russian ruble by almost 2% and depreciation of the Kazakhstan tenge by almost 1.4%, respectively, against the U.S. dollar for the three months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020, we realized a foreign currency translation loss of $7,336 for the three months ended December 31, 2021, compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $6,851 for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Comparison of the Nine-month Periods Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
The following comparison of our financial results for the nine-month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Revenue
The following table sets out information on our revenue for the periods presented.
| Nine months ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and commission income | $ | 336,178 | 58 | $ | 171,949 | 76 | $ | 164,229 | 96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on trading securities | 185,554 | 32 | 36,330 | 16 | 149,224 | 411 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 61,047 | 10 | 16,571 | 7 | 44,476 | 268 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on foreign exchange operations | 885 | — | 1,359 | 1 | (474) | (35) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss)/gain on derivative | (1,029) | — | 149 | — | (1,178) | (791) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net | $ | 582,635 | 100 | $ | 226,358 | 100 | $ | 356,277 | 157 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we realized total net revenue of $582,635, a 157%, increase compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to increases in fee and commission income, net gain on trading securities and interest income. As discussed in more detail below under “Net Gain on Trading Securities” $185,554 of total revenue, net for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, was realized from the sale of certain securities held in our proprietary trading portfolio and from revaluation of securities we continued to hold in our portfolio at December 31, 2021. We consider the sale of certain securities from our own portfolio as an extraordinary event that we do not believe to be indicative of a trend in future periods.
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Fee and commission income. For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, fee and commission income increased by $164,229, a 96% increase as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to a $150,123 increase in fees and commissions from brokerage services and a $6,169 increase in fees and commission income from related bank services. The increase in fee and commission income from brokerage services and related banking services was attributable to a number of factors including: growth in client accounts through acquisition (inorganic) and organic efforts including expansion of our retail financial advisers and increases in the volume of analysts' reports made available to our customer base; and significantly increased trading volume and client activity stemming from government and bank interventions and other events in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting increased market volatility and economic uncertainty.
Net gain on trading securities. Net gain on trading securities was $185,554 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $36,330 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. See the following table for information regarding our net gains and losses during the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| Realized Net Gain | Unrealized Net Gain/(Loss) | Net Gain | |||||||||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2021 | $ | 189,193 | $ | (3,639) | $ | 185,554 | |||||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2020 | $ | 28,635 | $ | 7,695 | $ | 36,330 | |||||||||||
During nine months ended December 31, 2021, we exchanged approximately 12,500,000 shares of stock in the SPBX we held in our proprietary trading account for units in the SPBX ETF. The main contributing factors to the increase in realized net gain on trading securities during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, were the sale of those SPBX ETF units and the sale of other SPBX shares we held. As a result, during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a net gain on trading securities of $185,554, which included $189,193 of realized gain and $3,639 of net unrealized loss. By comparison, for the nine month period ended December 31, 2020, we recognized a net gain on trading securities of $36,330, which included $28,635 of realized net gain and $7,695 of unrealized net gain from favorable market conditions, a significant increase upon revaluation of certain Level 3 securities we held as of December 31, 2020, increased use and success of intraday algorithmic trading and increased market-making activities on the SPBX outside of regular U.S. market hours. We do not consider the significant increase in realized net gain on trading securities for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, to be indicative of a trend toward higher net gains on trading securities in the future.
Interest income. For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we had $61,047 of interest income, as compared to $16,571 of interest income for the nine months ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $44,476 or 268%. We had an increase of $41,778, or 284%, in interest income from trading securities during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020, due to increases in the total size of our trading portfolio and an increase in the amount of bonds we held as a percentage of our total trading portfolio. We had an $883, or 86%, increase in interest income from reverse repurchase transactions for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020, due to an increase in the volume of such transactions between the two periods. We had a $1,912, or 452%, increase in interest income from loans to customers for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020, as a result of new loans issued by Freedom Bank KZ after we completed the acquisition of it in December 2020.
Net gain on foreign exchange operations. For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we realized a net gain on foreign exchange operations of $885, as compared to a net gain on foreign exchange operations of $1,359 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the value of the Russian ruble appreciated by almost 2% against the U.S. dollar. The value of Kazakhstani tenge depreciated by almost 1.6% against the U.S. dollar over the same period. Due to a large balance of U.S. dollar denominated net assets held in our subsidiary Freedom RU, we recognized a net loss on foreign exchange operations of $2,397 in the nine months ended December 31, 2021. As a result of depreciation of the Kazakhstani tenge against the Russian ruble by approximately 5%, our subsidiary Freedom RU recognized a net loss on foreign exchange operations of $890 on Kazakhstani tenge denominated trading securities during the nine months ended December 31, 2021. In addition, due to a higher volume of cash operations, we recognized a $4,185 net gain on purchases and sales of foreign currency during the nine months ended December 31, 2021 as compared to a $914 net gain in the nine months ended December 31, 2020.
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Expense
The following table sets out information on our total expense for the periods presented.
| Nine months ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and commission expense | $ | 67,547 | 28 | $ | 50,068 | 42 | $ | 17,479 | 35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 51,256 | 22 | 15,092 | 13 | 36,164 | 240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense | 117,384 | 50 | 52,214 | 44 | 65,170 | 125 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for impairment losses | 704 | — | 1,775 | 1 | (1,071) | (60) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | 600 | — | 149 | — | 451 | 303 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expense | $ | 237,491 | 100 | $ | 119,298 | 100 | $ | 118,193 | 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we incurred total expenses of $237,491, a 99% increase as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020. Expenses increased with the growth of our business primarily in connection with increases in administrative costs and fees from the growth in our revenue generating activities and integrating our acquisition targets.
Fee and commission expense. Fee and commission expense increased by $17,479, a 35% increase, for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020. This included increases in brokerage commissions to our prime brokers of $11,319, commissions paid for bank services of $4,095 and exchange and clearing services of $910. The increases in fee and commission expense were the result of both growth in our customer base and increased transaction volume from our customers.
Interest expense. For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we had a 240% increase in interest expense as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to a $25,853 increase in volume of short-term financing through securities repurchase agreements and a $9,764 increase in interest on customer deposits. In the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we increased our volume of short-term financing through securities repurchase agreements primarily in order to fund our investment portfolio. The increase in interest on customer deposits and loans was a result of growth of customer deposits.
Operating expenses. Operating expenses during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, was $117,384, a $65,170 increase compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to a $26,924 increase in payroll and bonuses expense as a result of expansion of our workforce through acquisition and hiring, a $10,193 increase in stock compensation expense resulting from issuing restricted stock grants to key employees in May 2021, an increase of $9,264 in advertising expenses, a $5,912 increase in professional services, an increase of $1,524 in depreciation and amortization and a $1,650 increase in lease cost.
Income tax expense
We recognized net income before income tax of $345,144 and $107,060 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rate during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, decreased to 11.0%, from 15.8% during the nine months ended December 31, 2020, as a result of changes in the composition of the revenues we realized from our operating activities, the tax treatment of those revenues in the various foreign jurisdictions where our subsidiaries operate, and the incremental U.S. GILTI tax.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing factors, for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, we had net income of $307,107 as compared to $90,160 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020, an increase of 241%.
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Non-controlling interest
We reflect our ownership of Freedom UA as a non-controlling interest in our consolidated statements of financial condition, consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and consolidated statements of cash flows. We recognized a net loss attributable to non-controlling interest of $414 for the nine month ended December 31, 2021, as compared to net income attributable to non-controlling interest of $243 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020.
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
Due to the appreciation of the Russian ruble by almost 2% and depreciation of the Kazakhstan tenge by almost 1.6%, respectively, against the U.S. dollar for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2020, we realized a foreign currency translation loss of $3,106 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $4,565 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet our potential cash requirements for general business purposes. During the periods covered in this report our operations were primarily funded through a combination of existing cash on hand, cash generated from operations, returns generated from our proprietary trading and proceeds from the sale of bonds and other borrowings.
We regularly monitor and manage our leverage and liquidity risk through various committees and processes we have established. We assess our leverage and liquidity risk based on considerations and assumptions of market factors, as well as other factors, including the amount of available liquid capital (i.e., the amount of cash and cash equivalents not invested in our operating business). While we are confident in the risk management monitoring and processes we have in place, a significant portion of our trading securities and cash and cash equivalents are subject to collateralization agreements. This significantly enhances our risk of loss in the event financial markets move against our positions. When this occurs our liquidity, capitalization and business can be negatively impacted. Certain market conditions can impact the liquidity of our assets, potentially requiring us to hold positions longer than anticipated. Our liquidity, capitalization, projected return on investment and results of operations can be significantly impacted by market events over which we have no control, and which can result in disruptions to our investment strategy for our assets.
We maintain a majority of our tangible assets in cash and securities that are readily convertible to cash, including governmental and quasi-governmental debt and highly liquid corporate equities and debt. Our financial instruments and other inventory positions are stated at fair value and should generally be readily marketable in most market conditions. The following sets out certain information on our assets as of the dates presented:
| As of | |||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(1) | $ | 493,263 | $ | 698,828 | |||||||
| Trading securities | $ | 1,348,656 | $ | 736,188 | |||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,679,951 | $ | 2,018,645 | |||||||
Net liquid assets(2) | $ | 2,174,643 | $ | 1,519,719 | |||||||
______________
(1)Of the $493,263 in cash and cash equivalents we held at December 31, 2021, $238,657, or approximately 48%, was subject to reverse repurchase agreements. By comparison, at March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $698,828, of which $248,946, or approximately 36%, were subject to reverse repurchase agreements. The amount of cash and cash equivalents we hold is subject to minimum levels set by regulatory bodies in relation to compliance with applicable rules and regulations, including capital adequacy and liquidity requirements for each entity.
(2)Consists of cash and cash equivalents, trading securities, brokerage and other receivable and other assets.
As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, we had total liabilities of $2,088,461 and $1,742,974, respectively, including customer liabilities of $1,145,070 and $1,163,697, respectively.
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We financed our operating activity primarily from cash flows from operations and short-term and long-term financing arrangements.
Cash Flows
The following table presents our statement of cash flows for the periods indicated. Our cash and cash equivalents include restricted cash, which principally consists of cash of our brokerage customers which are segregated in a special custody account for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers.
| Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021 | Nine Months Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Net cash flows (used in)/from operating activities | $ | (582,080) | $ | 698,954 | |||||||
| Net cash flows (used in)/from investing activities | (6,110) | 98,418 | |||||||||
| Net cash flows from financing activities | 338,792 | 61,952 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | 10,593 | 3,787 | |||||||||
| NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH | $ | (238,805) | $ | 863,111 | |||||||
Net Cash Flows (Used In)/From Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, was comprised of net cash used in operating activities and net income adjusted for non-cash movements (changes in deferred taxes, unrealized gain on trading securities, net change in accrued interest). Net cash used in operating activities resulted primarily from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Such changes included those set out in the following table.
| Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021 | Nine Months Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Increases in trading securities | $ | (620,709) | (1) | $ | (114,807) | |||||||||
| (Decreases)/Increases in customer deposits | (20,404) | (2) | 646,950 | |||||||||||
| (Increases)/decreases in brokerage and other receivables | (236,841) | (3) | 58,596 | |||||||||||
| Increases in trade payables | 29,073 | (4) | 10,934 | |||||||||||
______________
(1)Resulted from increased purchases of securities held in our proprietary account.
(2)Resulted from decreased deposits from existing customers.
(3)Resulted from larger amounts of margin lending receivables.
(4)Resulted from larger amounts of margin lending payables.
The net cash outflow in the nine months ended December 31, 2021, was primarily attributable to an increase in brokerage and other receivables over that period, which resulted from larger amounts of margin receivables. Margin lending balances fluctuate on a daily basis during the normal course of business and depend on various factors, including trading activity of clients.
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Net Cash Flows (Used In)/From Investing Activities
During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $6,110 compared to net cash from investing activities of $98,418 during the nine months ended December 31, 2020. During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, cash used in investing activities was used for the purchase of fixed assets, net of sales, in the amount of $6,110. Cash from investing activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2020, included $157,533 received in the acquisition of Zerich, Freedom Bank KZ and PrimeEx and $6,437 from proceeds on the sale of investments available-for-sale, which was partially offset by consideration paid for the Freedom Bank KZ acquisition of $53,097, the Zerich acquisition of $7,110, the PrimeEx acquisition of $2,500 and the purchase of fixed assets, net of sales of $2,845.
Net Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net cash from financing activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2021, consisted principally of proceeds from securities repurchase agreement obligations in the amount of $301,927 and proceeds from issuance of debt securities of $46,850, partially offset by net cash used in the repurchase of outstanding Freedom KZ debt securities in the amount of $10,104. Net cash from financing activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2020, consisted principally of the proceeds from securities repurchase agreement obligations in the amount of $63,166, which was partially offset with net cash used in repurchase of outstanding Freedom KZ debt securities in the amount of $4,632.
Dividends
We have not declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock during the past two fiscal years. Any payment of cash dividends on stock in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, contractual and legal restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the operation, development and expansion of our business, and therefore we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on common stock in the foreseeable future.
Indebtedness
Short-term
Securities Repurchase Arrangements. Our short-term financing is primarily obtained through securities repurchase arrangements entered into with the KASE. We use repurchase arrangements, among other things, to finance our inventory positions. As of December 31, 2021, $710,284, or 53%, of the trading securities held in our proprietary trading account were subject to securities repurchase obligations compared to $426,715, or 58%, as of March 31, 2021. The securities we pledge as collateral under repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume. For additional information regarding our securities repurchase agreement obligations see Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Long-term
FRHC 7.00% Notes due December 2022. As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding $20,498 in principal amount of FRHC 7.00% notes due December 2022, which are listed on the AIX. These notes provide for semi-annual interest payments in June and December and include customary events of default relating to the disposition of our assets outside the ordinary course of business, defaults on other liabilities and obligations, corporate reorganizations, initiation of bankruptcy proceeding, termination of the AIX listing by us, and substitution of the principal debtor without requisite approval. These notes mature in December 2022.
Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds. As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding $30,043 in principal amount of Freedom RU U.S. dollar denominated 6.50% bonds (the “Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds”). The Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds have a term of three years, with a quarterly coupon payment. The Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds were issued in denomination of U.S. $1, with a minimum purchase requirement of 1.4 million Russian rubles. Freedom RU is authorized to place up to a maximum of 40,000 of these Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds. The Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds are listed on the MOEX and are governed by the “Exchange Bond Terms and Conditions in the Framework of the Exchange Bonds Program”. The Freedom RU USD 6.50% Bonds mature in January 2023.
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Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds. As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding $34,000 in principal amount of Freedom RU U.S. dollar denominated 5.50% bonds (the “Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds”). The Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds have a term of five years, with a quarterly coupon payment. The Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds were issued in denomination of U.S. $1, with a minimum purchase requirement of 1.4 million Russian rubles. Freedom RU is authorized to place up to a maximum of 34,000 of these Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds. The Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds are listed on the MOEX. The Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds mature in November 2026. The foregoing does not purport to be a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Freedom RU USD 5.50% Bonds and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Securities Placement Terms and Conditions and the Resolution to Issue Securities, copies of which are attached to this report as Exhibits 4.02 and 4.03, respectively, and incorporated by reference herein.
Freedom SPC Bonds. On November 16, 2021, Freedom SPC commenced a best efforts underwritten public offering of up to US$66,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% US dollar denominated bonds due October 21, 2026 (the “Freedom SPC Bonds”), which are listed on the AIX. As of December 31, 2021, there were outstanding $13,000 in principal amount of the Freedom SPC Bonds. The offering may continue for a period of up to one year from the date of the commencement of the offering. The Freedom SPC Bonds are guaranteed by FRHC and the proceeds from the issuance of the Freedom SPC Bonds have been and will be, as the case may be, transferred to FRHC pursuant to an intercompany loan agreement that bears interest at a rate of 5.50% per annum. The foregoing does not purport to be a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Freedom SPC Bonds and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Offer Terms of the 5.5% Coupon US$ 66,000,000 Bonds Due October 21, 2026, a copy of which is attached to this report as Exhibits 4.01 and incorporated by reference herein.
Freedom RU RUB Bonds. As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding $6,730 in principal amount of Freedom RU RUB denominated 12.00% bonds (the “Freedom RU RUB Bonds”). The Freedom RU RUB Bonds have a term of three years, with a semiannual coupon payment. The Freedom RU RUB Bonds were issued in denominations of RUB 1. The Freedom RU RUB Bonds are listed on the MOEX and mature in February 2022.
Freedom KZ USD Bonds. During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, we repaid in full at maturity our U.S. dollar denominated 8% Freedom KZ USD bonds that had a carrying value of $10,477 including interest accrued of $274 as of March 31, 2021.
Net Capital Requirements
We are required to maintain a certain level of net capital in certain regulated subsidiaries within a number of jurisdictions, which we accomplish in part by retaining cash and cash equivalent investments in such subsidiaries. As a result, such subsidiaries may be restricted in their ability to transfer cash between different jurisdictions and to FRHC. Additionally, transfers of cash between international jurisdictions may have adverse tax consequences that could discourage such transfers. At December 31, 2021, these minimum net capital requirements ranged from approximately $5 to $22,750 and fluctuate depending on various factors, and the aggregate net capital requirements of our subsidiaries was approximately $29,280. Each of our subsidiaries that is subject to net capital requirements exceeded the minimum required amount at December 31, 2021. Although our subsidiaries generally operate with a level of net capital substantially greater than the minimum established thresholds, in the event a subsidiary fails to maintain minimum net capital, it may be subject to fines and penalties, suspension of operations, revocation of licensure and disqualification of its management from working in the industry. Our subsidiaries are also subject to various other rules and regulations, including liquidity and capital adequacy ratios. Our operations that require the intensive use of capital are limited to the extent that retaining capital is necessary to meet our regulatory requirements.
Over the past several years, we have pursued an aggressive growth strategy both through acquisitions and organic growth efforts. During the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022, we are continuing our efforts to expand the footprint of our business on a scale similar to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. While this strategy has led to revenue growth it also results in increased expenses and greater need for capital resources. Additional growth and expansion may require greater capital resources than we currently possess, which could require us to pursue additional equity or debt financing from outside sources. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, at the time it is needed. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash expected to be generated from operating activities, and forecasted returns from our proprietary trading, combined with our anticipated ability to raise additional capital will be sufficient to meet our present and anticipated financing needs for at least the next twelve months.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth information related to our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021:
| Payment Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligations | Total | Less than 1 year | Years 2-3 | Years 4-5 | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | $ | 21,396 | $ | 2,979 | $ | 12,988 | $ | 4,879 | $ | 550 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding bonds and notes | 173,619 | 12,539 | 56,740 | 52,170 | 52,170 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | $ | 195,015 | $ | 15,518 | $ | 69,728 | $ | 57,049 | $ | 52,720 | |||||||||||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
Freedom Bank KZ is party to certain off-balance sheet financial instruments. These financial instruments include guarantees and unfunded commitments under existing lines of credit. These commitments expose us to varying degrees of credit and market risk which are essentially the same as those involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the same credit policies used in underwriting loans. Collateral may be obtained based on our credit evaluation of the counterparty. Our maximum exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. Unfunded commitments under lines of credit include commercial, commercial real estate, home equity and consumer lines of credit to existing customers. These commitments may mature without being fully funded. Bank guarantees are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support trade transactions or guarantee arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing guarantees is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. A significant portion of the issued guarantees are collateralized by cash. Total lending related commitments outstanding at December 31, 2021, was $15,374, comprising $5,232 of bank guarantees and $10,142 of unfunded commitments under lines of credit. For additional information regarding off-balance sheet financing arrangements of the Company as of December 31, 2021, please see Note 20 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Following are the accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Allowance for accounts receivable
Allowance for accounts receivable is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an account receivable balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past accounts receivable loss experience, the nature and volume of accounts receivable, information about specific counteragent situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific accounts receivable, but the entire allowance is available for any accounts receivable that in management’s judgment should be charged off.
The allowance consists of specific and general components, the specific component relates to accounts receivable that are individually classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the agreement. The general component is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is based on the actual loss history we have experienced over the most recent period of time, mostly three to five years, which management reviews periodically.
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Business combinations
We have accounted for our acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date as we allocate the purchase price to the estimated fair values of acquired tangible and intangible assets and the liabilities assumed. We also use our best estimates to determine the useful lives of the tangible and definite-lived intangible assets, which impact the periods over which depreciation and amortization of those assets are recognized. These best estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain as they pertain to forward looking views of our businesses, client behavior, and market conditions. In our acquisitions, we have also recognized goodwill at the amount by which the purchase price paid exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired.
Our ongoing accounting for goodwill and the tangible and intangible assets acquired requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions as we exercise judgment to evaluate these assets for impairment. Our processes and accounting policies for evaluating impairments are further described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2021, we had goodwill of $7,840. The results of the 2021 annual goodwill impairment testing of all our reporting units indicated no goodwill impairment.
Income taxes
We are subject to income taxes in both the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. These tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income tax. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As a result, actual future tax consequences relating to uncertain tax positions may be materially different than our determinations or estimates.
We recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the difference between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
Income taxes are determined in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. As part of the process of preparing financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for tax consequences in future years based on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements at each year-end and tax loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applicable to the differences that are expected to affect taxable income.
We periodically evaluate the likelihood of tax assessments based on current and prior years’ examinations, and unrecognized tax benefits related to potential losses that may arise from tax audits as established in accordance with the relevant accounting guidance. Once established, unrecognized tax benefits are adjusted when there is more information available or when an event occurs requiring a change.
Legal contingencies
We review outstanding legal matters at each reporting date, in order to assess the need for provisions and disclosures in our financial statements. Among the factors considered in making decisions on provisions are the nature of the matter, the legal process and potential legal exposure in the relevant jurisdiction, the progress of the matter (including the progress after the date of the financial statements but before those statements are issued), the opinions or views of our legal advisers, experiences on similar cases and any decision of our management as to how we will respond to the matter.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For details of applicable new accounting standards refer to Recent accounting pronouncements in Note 2 of our financial statements accompanying this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
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Item 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The following information, together with information included in Part I, Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, describe our primary market risk exposures.
All dollar amounts reflected in this Part I, Item 3 are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars unless the context indicates otherwise.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk of economic loss arising from the adverse impact of market changes to the market value of our trading and investment positions. We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange risk and equity price risk.
Interest rate risk
Our exposure to changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio and outstanding debt. While we are exposed to global interest rate fluctuations, we are most sensitive to fluctuations in Kazakhstani and Russian interest rates. Changes in Kazakhstani and Russian interest rates may have significant effect on the fair value of our securities.
Our investment policies and strategies are focused on preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity requirements. We typically invest in highly rated securities, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Our investment policies generally require securities to be investment grade and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer (other than government and quasi-government securities). To provide a meaningful assessment of the interest rate risk associated with our investment portfolio, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact a change in interest rates would have on the value of the investment portfolio assuming a 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve. Based on investment positions as of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates across all maturities would have resulted in $47,751 and $31,055 incremental decline in the fair market value of the portfolio, respectively. Such losses would only be realized if we sold the investments prior to maturity. A hypothetical 100 basis point decrease in interest rates across all maturities would have resulted in a $50,854 and $32,906 incremental rise in the fair market value of the portfolio, respectively.
Foreign currency exchange risk
We have business operations in the Kazakhstan, Russia, Cyprus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, United States, United Kingdom, Azerbaijan and Armenia. The activities and accumulated earnings in our foreign subsidiaries are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between our functional currencies and our reporting currency, which is the U.S. dollar. In accordance with our risk management policies, we manage foreign currency exchange risk on financial assets by holding or creating financial liabilities in the same currency, maturity and interest rate profile. This foreign exchange risk is calculated on a net foreign exchange basis for individual currencies. We may also enter into foreign currency forward, swap and option contracts with financial institutions to mitigate foreign currency exposures associated with certain existing assets and liabilities, firmly committed transactions and forecasted future cash flows. An analysis of our December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, balance sheets estimates the net impact of a 10% percent adverse change in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to all other currencies, would have resulted in an increase of net income before income tax in the amount of $16,470 and a reduction of $5,907, respectively.
Equity price risk
Our equity investments are susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future values of such investment securities. Equity price risk results from fluctuations in the price and level of the equity securities or instruments we hold. We also have equity investments in entities where the investment is denominated in a foreign currency, or where the investment is denominated in U.S. dollars but the investee primarily makes investments in foreign currencies. The fair values of these investments are subject to change as the spot foreign exchange rate between these currencies and our functional currency fluctuates. We attempt to manage the risk of loss inherent in our equity securities portfolio through diversification and by placing limits on individual and total equity instruments we hold. Reports on our equity portfolio are submitted to management on a regular basis.
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As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, our exposure to equity investments at fair value was $161,550 and $47,340, respectively. An analysis of the December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2021, balance sheets estimates a decrease of 10% in the equity price would have reduced the value of the equity securities or instruments we held by approximately $16,155 and $4,734, respectively.
Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of loss arising when a borrower or counterparty does not meet its financial obligations to us. We are primarily exposed to credit risk from institutions and individuals through the brokerage services we offer. We incur credit risk in a number of areas, including margin lending.
Margin lending receivables risk
We extend margin loans to our customers. Margin lending is subject to regulation in the jurisdictions in which we operate. In particular, as most of our margin lending receivables are in Cyprus, Russia and Kazakhstan, we are subject to various regulatory requirements of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Cyprus), the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Russia) and Astana Financial Services Authority (Kazakhstan). Margin loans are collateralized by cash and securities in the customers’ accounts. The risks associated with margin credit increase during periods of fast market movements, or in cases where collateral is concentrated and market movements occur. During such times, customers who utilize margin loans and who have collateralized their obligations with securities may find that the securities have a rapidly depreciating value and may not be sufficient to cover their obligations in the event of a liquidation. We are also exposed to credit risk when our customers execute transactions, such as short sales of options and equities that can expose them to risk beyond their invested capital.
We expect this kind of exposure to increase with the growth of our overall business. Because we indemnify and hold harmless our clearing houses and counterparties from certain liabilities or claims, the use of margin loans and short sales may expose us to significant off-balance-sheet risk in the event that collateral requirements are not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur and those customers fail to satisfy their obligations. As of December 31, 2021, we had $291,237 in margin lending receivables from our customers. The amount of risk to which we are exposed from the margin lending we extend to our customers and from short sale transactions by our customers is unlimited and not quantifiable as the risk is dependent upon analysis of a potential significant and undeterminable rise or fall in stock prices. As a matter of practice, we enforce real-time margin compliance monitoring and liquidate customers’ positions if their equity falls below required margin requirements.
We have a comprehensive policy implemented in accordance with regulatory standards to assess and monitor the suitability of investors to engage in various trading activities. To mitigate our risk, we also continuously monitor customer accounts to detect excessive concentration, large orders or positions, patterns of day trading and other activities that indicate increased risk to us.
Our credit exposure is to a great extent mitigated by our policy of automatically evaluating each account throughout the trading day and closing out positions automatically for accounts that are found to be under-margined. While this methodology is effective in most situations, it may not be effective in situations where no liquid market exists for the relevant securities or commodities or where, for any reason, automatic liquidation for certain accounts has been disabled. We continually monitor and evaluate our risk management policies, including the implementation of policies and procedures to enhance the detection and prevention of potential events to mitigate margin loan losses.
Operational risk
Operational risk generally refers to the risk of loss, or damage to our reputation, resulting from inadequate or failed operations or external events, including, but not limited to, business disruptions, improper or unauthorized execution and processing of transactions, deficiencies in our technology or financial operating systems and inadequacies or breaches in our control processes including cyber security incidents. For descriptions of related risks, see the information under the heading “Risks Related to Information Technology and Cyber Security” in Item 1A of our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021.
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To mitigate and control operational risk, we have developed and continue to enhance policies and procedures that are designed to identify and manage operational risk at appropriate levels throughout the organization and within specific departments. We also have business continuity plans in place that we believe will cover critical processes on a company-wide basis, and redundancies are built into our systems as we have deemed appropriate. These control mechanisms attempt to ensure that operational policies and procedures are being followed and that our various businesses are operating within established corporate policies and limits.
Legal and compliance risk
We operate in a number of jurisdictions, each with its own legal and regulatory structure that is unique and different from the other. Legal and regulatory risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and damage to our reputation as a result of failure to comply with laws, regulations, rules, related self-regulatory organization standards and codes of conduct applicable to our business activities. Such non-compliance could result in the imposition of legal or regulatory sanctions, material financial loss, including fines, penalties, judgments, damages and/or settlements, or loss to reputation that we may suffer as a result of compliance failures. These risks include contractual and commercial risk, such as the risk that a counterparty’s performance obligations will be unenforceable. It also includes compliance with anti-money laundering and counter terrorism financing rules and regulations, terrorist financing, anti-corruption and sanctions rules and regulations.
We have established and continue to enhance procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, such as public company reporting obligations, regulatory net capital and capital adequacy requirements, sales and trading practices, potential conflicts of interest, anti-money laundering, privacy, sanctions and recordkeeping. The legal and regulatory focus on the financial services industry presents a continuing business challenge for us. Our business also subjects us to the complex income tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate, and these tax laws may be subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing authorities. We must make judgments and interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws when determining the provision for income taxes.
Effects of Inflation
Because our assets are primarily short-term and liquid in nature, they are generally not significantly impacted by inflation. The rate of inflation does, however, affect our expenses, including employee compensation, communications and information processing and office leasing costs, which may not be readily recoverable from our customers. To the extent inflation results in rising interest rates and has adverse impacts upon securities markets, it may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the 2013 framework of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Disclosure controls and procedures enable us to record, process, summarize and report information required to be included in our Exchange Act filings within the required time period. Our disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the periodic reports filed with the SEC is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended December 31, 2021, no changes occurred that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The financial services industry is highly regulated. In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of litigation involving the financial services industry, including class action suits that generally seek substantial damages, including in some cases punitive damages. Compliance and trading problems that are reported to federal, state and provincial regulators, exchanges or other self-regulatory organizations by dissatisfied customers are investigated by such regulatory bodies, and, if pursued by such regulatory body or such customers, may rise to the level of arbitration or disciplinary action. We are also subject to periodic regulatory audits and inspections.
From time to time, we or our subsidiaries may be party to various routine legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory inquiries arising out of the ordinary course of their business. Management believes that the results of these routine legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, or on our operations and cash flows. However, we cannot estimate the legal fees and expenses to be incurred in connection with these routine matters and, therefore, are unable to determine whether future legal fees and expenses will have a material impact on our operations and cash flows. It is our policy to expense legal and other fees as incurred.
Estate of Toleush Tolmakov Litigation
The Estate of Toleush Tolmakov (the “Estate”) has commenced a legal action against Freedom Holding Corp., and our subsidiary FFIN Securities, Inc. in the Third Judicial District Court of Salt Lake County, State of Utah. A Summons and Complaint were served on the Company and FFIN on December 22, 2021. This proceeding relates to cash distributions arising from the 2011 sale of Emir Oil, LLP, then a subsidiary of BMB Munai, Inc. and an aggregate of 250,079 shares of common stock of the Company (the “Assets”) belonging to Toleush Tolmakov, who was a shareholder of the Company at the time he died in 2011, and Simage Limited, a now defunct British Virgin Islands corporation, in which Mr. Tolmakov may have had an interest and therefore the Assets belonging to Simage Limited may be part of the Estate. Since the 2011 death of Mr. Tolmakov, his putative heirs have litigated various disputes in Kazakhstan’s courts related to which of the putative heirs actually are heirs, the proper distribution of the estate and other matters, but without a conclusive final order regarding the distribution of the Assets. Since 2011, the Company has received several inconsistent claims to the Assets. In addition, the legal status of the portion of the Assets belonging to Simage is unclear because as a defunct entity, Simage Limited is unable to act. The Company has held the Assets since Mr. Tolmakov’s death because it did not know to whom they should be distributed and no party has yet established legal right of ownership of the Assets. The Company does not dispute that the Assets are owed to the rightful heirs of Mr. Tolmakov and Simage Limited. As the Estate has not cooperated to facilitate the distribution of Assets to the Estate, the Company has held the distribution funds in a segregated account for a number of years and holds 247,664 shares of the 250,079 shares. In addition to the dispute regarding the Assets, the Estate has asserted claims for alleged breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, unjust enrichment, conversion and constructive trust and is seeking delivery of the cash distributions in an amount no less than $8,377,626, plus the amount of any interest or appreciation earned there on and delivery of 250,079 shares of Company common stock, plus in the event the Court finds the Company converted the Assets, any special damages incurred as a result of Defendant’s conversion, including all previously unawarded attorney fees incurred to recover the Assets, as well attorney fees in connection with this action. The Estate, the Company and FFIN have agreed to mediate the dispute. The Company and FFIN intend to vigorously defend this matter if mediation is unsuccessful. The Company and FFIN deny all liability for claims of alleged breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, unjust enrichment, conversion and constructive trust.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We believe there has been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on June 15, 2021 and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, filed with the Commission on November 11, 2021.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed or furnished, as applicable, as part of this report:
| Exhibit No. | Exhibit Description | |||||||
| 4.01 | ||||||||
| 4.02 | ||||||||
| 4.03 | ||||||||
| 31.01 | ||||||||
| 31.02 | ||||||||
| 32.01 | ||||||||
| 101 | The following Freedom Holding Corp. financial information for the periods ended December 31, 2021, formatted in inline XBRL (eXtensive Business Reporting Language): (i) the Cover Page; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.* | |||||||
| 104 | Cover page formatted in inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101). * | |||||||
*Filed herewith.
% Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by "[***]") have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) of Regulation S-K.
# This exhibit is an English translation of a foreign language document. The Company hereby agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of the foreign language document.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| FREEDOM HOLDING CORP. | ||||||||
Date: February 9, 2022 | /s/ Timur Turlov | |||||||
| Timur Turlov Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Date: February 9, 2022 | /s/ Evgeniy Ler | |||||||
| Evgeniy Ler Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
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