Inuvo, Inc S-3, filed Mar 13, 2024
Inuvo, Inc. (INUV)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2024
Registration No. 333-_________________
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
| Inuvo, Inc. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
Nevada
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
87-0450450
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
500 President Clinton Boulevard
Suite 300
Little Rock, AR 72201
Telephone (501) 205-8508
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
John B. Pisaris, Esq.
General Counsel
500 President Clinton Boulevard
Suite 300
Little Rock, AR 72201
Telephone (501) 205-8508
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With a copy to:
Jeremy D. Siegfried, Esq.
Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur LLP
41 South High Street, Suite 2800
Columbus, Ohio 43215-6194
(614) 227-2181
(614) 227-2100 (fax)
Jsiegfried@porterwright.com
From time to time after effectiveness of this registration statement
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to a dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒
If this Form is to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
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| Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MARCH 13, 2024
PROSPECTUS
$50,000,000
Inuvo, Inc.
COMMON STOCK
PREFERRED STOCK
WARRANTS
UNITS
We may offer and sell up to $50,000,000 in the aggregate of any combination of the securities identified above from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities.
Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the amounts, prices and terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus before you invest in any of our securities.
We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American LLC under the symbol “INUV.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on March 12, 2024 was $0.47 per share.
The aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates is $60,043,657.14 based on 139,421,544 shares of common stock outstanding, of which 127,752,462 shares are held by non-affiliates, and a per share value of $0.47 based on the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE American on March 12, 2024.
Investing in our securities involves various risks. See the “Risk Factors” section on page 5 of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the applicable prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is ________________, 2024
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You should rely only on the information we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement. This prospectus and any prospectus supplement is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of their respective dates and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any prospective supplement or any sale of securities. The registration statement, including the exhibits and the documents incorporated herein by reference, can be read on the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or “SEC,” or on our corporate website at www.inuvo.com as set forth in this prospectus under the heading “Available Information.”
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration, or continuous offering, process. Under the shelf registration process, we may issue and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings with a maximum offering price of up to $50,000,000.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain certain specific information about the terms of that offering, including a description of any risks related to the offering, if those terms and risks are not described in this prospectus. A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. The registration statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more details on the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and the accompanying prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the headings “Available Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference” before investing in any of the securities offered.
THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Neither we, nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. This prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor does this prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date.
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section entitled “Available Information.”
Unless the context otherwise indicates, when used herein, the terms “Inuvo” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to Inuvo, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and our subsidiaries. In addition, “2022” refers to the year ended December 31, 2022, “2023” refers to the year ended December 31, 2023, and “2024” refers to the year ended December 31, 2024.
We file annual, quarterly and other reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read our filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or on our corporate website at www.inuvo.com. The information on our corporate website is not incorporated by reference into and is not made a part of this prospectus.
We have filed a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the “Securities Act,” with the SEC with respect to the securities to be sold pursuant to this prospectus. This prospectus has been filed as part of the registration statement. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement because certain parts of the registration statement are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. You should refer to the registration statement, including the exhibits, for further information about us and the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus. Statements in this prospectus regarding the provisions of certain documents filed with, or incorporated by reference in, the registration statement are not necessarily complete and each statement is qualified in all respects by that reference.
Our corporate website is located at www.inuvo.com. We make available free of charge, through the investor section of our website, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
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Our Company
Inuvo is an advertising technology and services business selling information technology solutions to brands, agencies and large consolidators of advertising demand (“Platforms”). Inuvo’s revenue is derived from the placement of digital advertising throughout devices, websites, applications and browsers across social, search and programmatic advertising channels. Inuvo facilitates, and gets paid, to deliver millions of advertising messages monthly and counts among its client's numerous world-renowned companies across industries.
Inuvo’s primary mission is to disrupt the advertising industry with its proprietary and patented generative large language artificial intelligence (AI), a technology capable of identifying and targeting audiences without using a consumer’s identity or data. The AI was designed to replace the consumer data, analytics, segmentation and lookalike modeling technologies that have traditionally served the advertising industry as it transitions to a new paradigm where a consumer’s identity and data are no longer available for advertising decisions due to legislative and technological changes. Rather than targeting people, the AI targets the reasons behind why people are interested in products, services and brands.
The advertising industry Inuvo serves is going through an unprecedented change the likes of which has never occurred with the potential to disrupt the over $600 billion dollars in annual worldwide digital media spend that supports the internet. The cornerstone of the change revolves around the use of a consumer’s identity and data for ad-targeting. While there are many ways to identify consumers, the principal method that has evolved within the browsers has been the cookie, which is the location within the browser where a consumer's identity gets stored. When the cookie is no longer available, the means to lookup a consumer’s personal information in a database is no longer possible. No Cookie. No Data. No Targeting. Thirteen states have now signed consumer privacy legislation and another 17 have privacy bills in process. Apple has already eliminated the use of cookies within its browser and Google began phasing them out in January of 2024.
Inuvo’s AI technology solves this challenge and can be consumed by clients both as a managed service and software-as-a-service. For certain clients, Inuvo has also developed various proprietary technology and assets that include digital content, websites, automated campaigns, fraud detection, performance reporting and predictive media mix modeling.
There are many barriers to entry associated with the Inuvo business model, including a proficiency in large language model based artificial intelligence, large scale information processing, software development, consumer data products, analytics, IOT (internet of things) integration and the relationships required to execute within the IOT. In 2023, Inuvo delivered roughly 11.27 billion ads. Inuvo’s intellectual property is protected by 19 issued and eight pending patents.
Corporate information
We were incorporated in Nevada as a corporation on October 29, 1987. Our principal executive offices are located at 500 President Clinton Boulevard, Suite 300, Little Rock, AR 72210, and our telephone number is (501) 205-8508. Our fiscal year end is December 31. We maintain a corporate website at www.inuvo.com . Except as specifically set forth herein, the information which appears on our website is not part of the prospectus or this prospectus supplement.
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An investment in our securities involves a significant degree of risk. Many of the risk factors are, and will continue to be, exacerbated by any worsening of the economic environment. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as may be updated by subsequent annual, quarterly and other reports that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus in their entirety. The risks described in these documents are not the only ones we face, but those that we consider to be material. There may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that could have material adverse effects on our future results. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. Please also read carefully the section below entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information.”
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
The information included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements that relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Words such as, but not limited to, “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “targets,” “likely,” “aim,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and similar expressions or phrases identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operation, business strategy and financial needs. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. We do not undertake, and we disclaim, any obligation to update any forward-looking statements or to announce any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Certain factors that could cause results to be materially different from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
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| · | a decline in general economic conditions; |
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| · | risks associated with customer collections; |
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| · | seasonality impacts on financial results and cash availability; |
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| · | dependence on advertising suppliers; |
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| · | the ability to acquire traffic in a profitable manner; |
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| · | the ability to attract and retain talented employees; |
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| · | failure to keep pace with technological changes; |
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| · | interruptions within our information technology infrastructure; |
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| · | dependence on key personnel; |
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| · | regulatory and legal uncertainties; |
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| · | failure to comply with privacy and data security laws and regulations; |
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| · | third party infringement claims; |
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| · | publishers fabricating fraudulent clicks; |
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| · | the ability to continue to meet the NYSE American listing standards; |
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| · | the impact of quarterly results on our common stock price; |
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| · | dilution to our stockholders upon the exercise of outstanding restricted stock unit grants and warrants; and |
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| · | our ability to identify, finance, complete and successfully integrate future acquisitions. |
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We urge you to consider these factors before investing in our common stock. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those set forth above. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, and any events anticipated in the forward-looking statements may not actually occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform those statements to actual results or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. We qualify all forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus by the foregoing cautionary statements.
We intend to use the net proceeds, if any, from the sales of securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include additions to working capital and financing potential acquisitions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received from this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors including our results of operations in future periods. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on the judgment of management regarding the application of the net proceeds from the offering. We will set forth in the particular prospectus supplement our intended use for the net proceeds we receive from the sale of our securities under such prospectus supplement.
We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception. Under Nevada law, we are prohibited from paying dividends if the distribution would result in our Company not being able to pay its debts as they become due in the normal course of business if our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed to pay the dividends, or if we were to be dissolved at the time of distribution to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of stockholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution. Our board of directors has complete discretion on whether to pay dividends subject to compliance with applicable Nevada law. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, the frequency, and the amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. While our board of directors will make any future decisions regarding dividends, as circumstances surrounding us change, it currently does not anticipate that we will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Our authorized capital is 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 500,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. At March 12, 2024, there were 139,421,544 shares of common stock and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Common stock
Holders of shares of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters to be voted on by the stockholders. Holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors in its discretion from funds legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, the holders of common stock are entitled to share pro rata all assets remaining after payment in full of all liabilities.
Commencing with our 2008 annual meeting, our directors were divided into three classes and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Directors may be assigned to each class in accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors. Directors are elected for a full term of three years. Holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.
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All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights to purchase our common stock. There are no conversion or redemption rights or sinking fund provisions with respect to the common stock. Under Nevada law, our stockholders generally are not liable for our debts and obligations. There are no restrictions on the alienability of our common stock and there are no provisions discriminating against holders of a substantial amount of securities.
Preferred stock
The board of directors is authorized to provide for the issuance of shares of preferred stock in series and, by filing an amendment pursuant to the applicable laws of Nevada, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof without any further vote or action by the stockholders. Any shares of preferred stock so issued would have priority over the common stock with respect to dividend or liquidation rights.
Any future issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company without further action by the stockholders and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. In addition, the issuance of shares of preferred stock, or the issuance of rights to purchase such shares, could be used to discourage an unsolicited acquisition proposal. For instance, the issuance of a series of preferred stock might impede a business combination by including class voting rights that would enable the holder to block such a transaction, or facilitate a business combination by including voting rights that would provide a required percentage vote of the stockholders. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the common stock. Although the board of directors is required to make any determination to issue such stock based on its judgment as to the best interests of our stockholders, the board of directors could act in a manner that would discourage an acquisition attempt or other transaction that some, or a majority, of the stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over the then market price of such stock. The board of directors does not at present intend to seek stockholder approval prior to any issuance of currently authorized stock, unless otherwise required by law or stock exchange rules.
Restricted stock units and warrants
At March 12, 2024, restricted stock unit awards for 8,418,345 shares of our common stock, and warrants for 106,998 shares of our common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $0.72 per share, were outstanding.
Transfer agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Colonial Stock Transfer Company, 66 Exchange Place, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, and its telephone number is (801) 355-5740.
The transfer agent and registrar for any series or class of preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
NYSE American LLC listing
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American LLC under the symbol “INUV.”
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Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of Nevada Law and Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated By-Laws.
Blank Check Preferred Stock. Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, permit our board of directors to issue our preferred stock with voting, conversion and exchange rights that could negatively affect the voting power or other rights of our common stock stockholders, and the board of directors could take that action without stockholder approval. The issuance of our preferred stock could delay or prevent a change of control of Inuvo.
Board Vacancies to be Filled by Remaining Directors and Not Stockholders. Our Amended and Restated By-Laws provide that any vacancies on the board of directors, including any newly created directorships, will be filled by the affirmative vote of the majority of the remaining directors then in office, even if such directors constitute less than a quorum. We may also assign such serving director to any class of directors.
Removal of Directors by Stockholders. Our Amended and Restated By-Laws and the Nevada Corporation Law provide that directors may be removed by stockholders only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the outstanding capital stock entitled to vote.
Special Meetings of Stockholders. Under the Amended and Restated By-Laws, only our president or board of directors may call special meetings of the Company’s stockholders. Stockholders who in the aggregate beneficially own at least 10% of all the outstanding shares of the corporation entitled to vote at the meeting may call a special meeting upon proper request to the president.
Classified Board. Our Amended and Restated By-Laws provide for the board of directors to be divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. This provision, when coupled with the vote required to remove directors, can preclude even a majority stockholder of common stock from gaining control of the board of directors in one election.
Nevada Anti-Takeover Statute. We are subject to Nevada’s Combination with Interested Stockholders Statute (Nevada Corporation Law Sections 78.411-78.444) which prohibits an “interested stockholder” from entering into a “combination” with the corporation, unless certain conditions are met. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, beneficially owns (or within the prior two years, did beneficially own) 10% or more of the corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote.
We may issue warrants for the purchase of preferred stock or common stock, or any combination of these securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with other securities and may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement. The following outlines some of the general terms and provisions of the warrants that we may issue from time to time. Additional terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The following descriptions, and any description of the warrants included in a prospectus supplement, may not be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms and provisions of the applicable warrant agreement, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with any offering of warrants.
General
The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of warrants will describe the terms of the warrants, including the following:
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| · | the title of the warrants; |
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| · | the offering price for the warrants, if any; |
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| · | the aggregate number of the warrants; |
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| · | the terms of the security that may be purchased upon exercise of the warrants; |
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| · | if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities that the warrants are issued with and the number of warrants issued with each security; |
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| · | if applicable, the date from and after which the warrants and any securities issued with the warrants will be separately transferable; |
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| · | the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants commence and expire; |
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| · | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time; |
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| · | if applicable, a discussion of material United States federal income tax considerations; |
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| · | anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, if any; |
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| · | redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the warrants; and |
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| · | any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants. |
Exercise of warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder of the warrant to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Holders may exercise warrants at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will be void. Holders may exercise warrants as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants being offered. Until a holder exercises the warrants to purchase any securities underlying the warrants, the holder will not have any rights as a holder of the underlying securities by virtue of ownership of warrants.
We may issue units consisting of any combination of our common stock, preferred stock and warrants. We will issue each unit so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. As a result, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.
The summary below and that contained in any prospectus supplement is qualified in its entirety by reference to all of the provisions of the unit agreement and/or unit certificate, and depositary arrangements, if applicable. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the units that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreement and/or unit certificate, and depositary arrangements, as applicable, that contain the terms of the units.
The applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus may describe:
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| · | the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
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| · | any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer, or exchange of the units or of the securities composing the units; |
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| · | whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form; and |
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| · | any other terms of the units. |
The applicable provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Our Capital Stock” and “Description of Warrants” above will apply to each unit and to each security included in each unit, respectively.
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We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.
Book-Entry Holders
We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in any applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.
Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.
As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.
Street Name Holders
We may terminate a global security or issue securities in non-global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.
For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any applicable trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.
Legal Holders
Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.
For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the legal holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that legal holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.
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Special Considerations for Indirect Holders
If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:
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| · | how it handles securities payments and notices; |
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| · | whether it imposes fees or charges; |
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| · | how it would handle a request for the holder’s consent, if ever required; |
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| · | whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future; |
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| · | how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and |
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| · | if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters. |
Global Securities
A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.
Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of, a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in any applicable prospectus supplement, DTC will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.
A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.
If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.
Special Considerations for Global Securities
The rights of an indirect holder relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.
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If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:
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| · | an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below; |
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| · | an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank, broker or other financial institution for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above; |
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| · | an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form; |
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| · | an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective; |
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| · | the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security; |
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| · | we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security, nor do we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way; |
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| · | the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your bank, broker or other financial institution may require you to do so as well; and |
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| · | financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. |
There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.
Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated
In a few special situations described below, the global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks, brokers or other financial institutions to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.
Unless we provide otherwise in any applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:
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| · | if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days; |
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| · | if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or |
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| · | if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived. |
The prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by any applicable prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.
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We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute securities from time to time in one or more transactions:
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| · | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
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| · | at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
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| · | at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or |
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| · | at negotiated prices. |
We may also sell equity securities covered by this registration statement in an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. Such offering may be made into an existing trading market for such securities in transactions at other than a fixed price on or through the facilities of the NYSE American LLC or any other securities exchange or quotation or trading service on which such securities may be listed, quoted or traded at the time of sale.
Such at the market offerings, if any, may be conducted by underwriters acting as principal or agent.
A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
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| · | the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, if any; |
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| · | the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; |
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| · | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
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| · | any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation; |
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| · | any public offering price; |
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| · | any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and |
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| · | any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. |
Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities, and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
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We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
All securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on any exchange or over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Underwriters may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities in accordance with Regulation M. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur LLP, 41 South High Street, Suite 2800, Columbus, Ohio 43215-6194, will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units offered hereby on behalf of Inuvo. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The consolidated balance sheets of Inuvo, Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years then ended, have been audited by EisnerAmper, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance on the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
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INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
We file annual, quarterly and other reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement, and later information filed with the SEC will update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below that we have previously filed with the SEC, except that information furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of our Current Reports on Form 8-K or any other filing where we indicate that such information is being furnished and not filed under the Exchange Act, is not deemed to be filed and not incorporated by reference herein:
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| · | our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024; and |
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| · | the description of our common stock contained in the registration statement on Form 8-A as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2005. |
We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus additional documents that we may file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the completion or termination of the offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information deemed furnished and not filed with the SEC. Any statements contained in a previously filed document incorporated by reference into this prospectus is deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, or in a subsequently filed document also incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes that statement.
This prospectus may contain information that updates, modifies or is contrary to information in one or more of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date of this prospectus or the date of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, at no cost to the requester, a copy of any and all of the information that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, at no cost to the requester, a copy of any and all of the information that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost to you, by telephoning us at (501) 205-8508 or by writing us at the following address:
Inuvo, Inc.
500 President Clinton Boulevard
Suite 300
Little Rock, Arkansas 72201
Attention: Investor Relations
You may also access the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or through our website at www.inuvo.com. The reference to our website is an inactive textual reference only and, except for the specific incorporated documents listed above, no information available on or through our website shall be deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus or the registration statement of which it forms a part.
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$50,000,000
COMMON STOCK, PREFERRED STOCK,
WARRANTS OR UNITS
PROSPECTUS
_______________________, 2024
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The estimated expenses payable by Inuvo, Inc. in connection with the distribution of the securities being registered are as follows:
| SEC registration and filing fee |
| $ | 0 |
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| Legal fees and expenses |
| ** |
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| Accounting fees and expenses |
| ** |
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| EDGAR fees and printing costs |
| ** |
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| Transfer agent fees |
| ** |
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| Blue Sky fees and expenses |
| ** |
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| Miscellaneous |
| ** |
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| TOTAL |
| $ | ** |
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** Estimated expenses are presently not known and cannot be estimated.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Under our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, our directors are not liable for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty, except in connection with:
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| · | a breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; |
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| · | acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law; |
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| · | a transaction from which our director received an improper benefit; or |
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| · | an act or omission for which the liability of a director is expressly provided under Nevada law. |
In addition, our Amended and Restated By-Laws provide that we must indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law for all expenses incurred in the settlement of any actions against such persons in connection with their having served as officers or directors.
Insofar as the limitation of, or indemnification for, liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such limitation or indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable.
| II-1 |
| Table of Contents |
Item 16. Exhibits.
| No. |
| Exhibit Description |
| Form |
| Date Filed |
| Number |
| Filed or Furnished Herewith |
| 1.1 |
| Underwriting Agreement |
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| *** |
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| 10-KSB |
| 3/1/04 |
| 4 |
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| 10-KSB |
| 3/31/06 |
| 3.2 |
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| 8-K |
| 7/24/09 |
| 3.4 |
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| 8-K |
| 12/10/10 |
| 3(i).4 |
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| Certificate of Merger as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on February 29, 2012 |
| 10-K |
| 3/29/12 |
| 3(i).5 |
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| Articles of Amendment to Amended Articles of Incorporation as filed on February 29, 2012 |
| 10-K |
| 3/29/12 |
| 3(i).6 |
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| Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation as filed on October 31, 2019 |
| 10-Q |
| 5/15/20 |
| 3(i).7 |
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| 10-Q |
| 11/9/20 |
| 3(i)8 |
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| Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation as filed January 7, 2021 |
| 10-K |
| 2/11/21 |
| 3(i).9 |
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| Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation as filed on August 19, 2021 |
| 10-Q |
| 11/12/21 |
| 3(i).10 |
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| 10-K |
| 3/31/10 |
| 3(ii).4 |
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| 8-K |
| 3/6/12 |
| 3(ii).1 |
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| 4.1 |
| Form of preferred stock certificate |
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| *** |
| 4.2 |
| Form of warrant agreement |
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| *** |
| 4.3 |
| Form of unit agreement |
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| *** |
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| Filed | ||
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| Consent of Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) |
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| Filed | |
| 24.1 |
| Power of Attorney (included on signature page of registration statement) |
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| Filed |
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| Filed |
*** To be filed, if necessary, by amendment or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein.
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Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
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(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:
(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or
(ii) If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
| II-4 |
| Table of Contents |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Little Rock, State of Arkansas on March 13, 2024.
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| Inuvo, Inc. | ||
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| By: | /s/ Wallace D. Ruiz |
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| Wallace D. Ruiz, |
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| Chief Financial Officer |
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Wallace D. Ruiz his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Form S-3 registration statement, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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| /s/ Richard K. Howe |
| Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer |
| March 13, 2024 |
| Richard K. Howe |
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| /s/ Wallace D. Ruiz |
| Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) |
| March 13, 2024 |
| Wallace D. Ruiz |
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| /s/ Charles D. Morgan |
| Director |
| March 13, 2024 |
| Charles D. Morgan |
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| /s/ Jonathon Bond |
| Director |
| March 13, 2024 |
| Jonathon Bond |
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| /s/ Gordon J. Cameron |
| Director |
| March 13, 2024 |
| Gordon J. Cameron |
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| /s/ Kenneth Lee |
| Director |
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| Kenneth Lee |
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| II-5 |
EXHIBITS 5.1 AND 23.2
| Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP 41 South High Street Suites 2800-3200 Columbus, Ohio 43215-6194
Direct: 614-227-2059 Fax: 614-227-2100 Toll free: 800-533-2794
www.porterwright.com
CINCINNATI CLEVELAND
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| March 13, 2024
Inuvo, Inc. 500 President Clinton Boulevard, Suite 300 Little Rock, AR 72201
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for Inuvo, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) being filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the purpose of registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”): (i) shares of Common Stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), (ii) shares of Preferred Stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”); (iii) warrants to purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock (the “Warrants”); and (iv) units representing any combination of the foregoing securities (“Units”). The Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants and Units are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities”. The Securities may be offered from time to time by the Company at indeterminate prices, as set forth in the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto, the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”) and one or more supplements to the Prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”) for an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $50,000,000.
The Warrants will be issued pursuant to one or more warrant agreements (the terms and conditions of which will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement relating to an issuance of Warrants), between the Company and a financial institution to be identified therein as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”), as each such warrant agreement may be supplemented from time to time (each, the “Warrant Agreement”). The Units will be issued pursuant to one or more unit agreements (each, a “Unit Agreement”) between the Company and a unit agent to be identified therein (each, a “Unit Agent”).
As counsel for the Company, in rendering the opinions below, we have reviewed and relied upon the Company’s Articles of Incorporation (the “Articles”), the exhibits filed with the Registration Statement or incorporated therein by reference, and certain resolutions (“Resolutions”) adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) in connection with the Registration Statement and the registration of the Securities, and such other documents and authorities as we deem relevant for the purpose of this opinion. We have assumed the genuineness of all signatures on all documents examined by us, the legal competence and capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity with authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies for examination. |
March 13, 2024
Page 2
Based upon the foregoing and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that, as of the date hereof:
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| 1. | With respect to an offering of Common Stock covered by the Registration Statement, such Common Stock will be duly authorized, and each share of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable when: (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including any necessary pre-effective and post-effective amendments), shall have become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement with respect to the sale of such Common Stock shall have been filed with the SEC in compliance with the Securities Act and the General Rules and Regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder; (iii) the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof shall have duly adopted final resolutions, in conformity with the Articles, the Bylaws of the Company, as amended (the “Bylaws”), and the Board Resolutions, authorizing the issuance and sale of such Common Stock; and (iv) certificates representing such Common Stock shall have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or such Common Stock shall have been duly registered and settlement duly effected by book-entry delivery, in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting, distribution or similar agreement approved by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor. |
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| 2. | The issuance and sale of each series of Preferred Stock covered by the Registration Statement will be duly authorized, and each share of such series of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable when: (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including any necessary pre-effective and post-effective amendments), shall have become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement with respect to the sale of such series of Preferred Stock shall have been filed with the SEC in compliance with the Securities Act and the General Rules and Regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder; (iii) the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof shall have duly adopted final resolutions, in conformity with the Articles, the Bylaws and the Resolutions, establishing and designating such series of Preferred Shares and fixing and determining the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and privileges of such series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof and authorizing the issuance and sale of such series of Preferred Stock; (iv) the Company shall have filed with the Nevada Secretary of State a certificate of designation duly executed on behalf of the Company with respect to such series of Preferred Stock in conformity with the Articles and such final resolutions; and (v) certificates representing such series of Preferred Stock shall have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or, if applicable, such series of Preferred Stock shall have been duly registered and settlement duly effected by book-entry delivery, in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting, distribution or similar agreement approved by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor. |
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| 3. | Each issue of Warrants covered by the Registration Statement will be validly issued and constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company when: (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including any necessary pre-effective and post-effective amendments), shall have become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement with respect to such issue of Warrants and the Common Stock and/or Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of such Warrants shall have been filed with the SEC in compliance with the Securities Act and the General Rules and Regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder; (iii) a Warrant Agreement relating to such issue of Warrants shall have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Warrant Agent named in the Warrant Agreement; (iv) the specific terms of a particular issuance of Warrants shall have been duly established in accordance with the Warrant Agreement and applicable law; (v) the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof shall have duly adopted final resolutions, in conformity with the Articles, the Bylaws, the Resolutions and applicable law, authorizing the execution and delivery of the Warrant Agreement and the issuance and sale of such issue of Warrants; (vi) if such Warrants are exercisable for Common Stock, the actions described in numbered paragraph 1 above shall have been taken; (vii) if such Warrants are exercisable for Preferred Stock, the actions described in numbered paragraph 2 above shall have been taken; and (viii) certificates representing such issue of Warrants shall have been duly executed, countersigned and issued in accordance with such Warrant Agreement and the final resolutions of the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof and shall have been duly delivered in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting, distribution or similar agreement approved by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor. |
March 13, 2024
Page 3
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| 4. | Each issue of Units covered by the Registration Statement will be validly issued and constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company when: (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including any necessary pre-effective and post-effective amendments), shall have become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement with respect to such issue of Units and the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and/or Warrants underlying such Units shall have been filed with the SEC in compliance with the Securities Act and the General Rules and Regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder; (iii) the Unit Agreement relating to such issue of Units shall have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Unit Agent named in the Unit Agreement; (iv) the specific terms of a particular issue of Units shall have been duly established in accordance with the Unit Agreement and applicable law; (v) the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof shall have duly adopted final resolutions, in conformity with the Articles, the Bylaws, the Resolutions and applicable law, authorizing the execution and delivery of the Unit Agreement and the issuance and sale of such issue of Units; (vi) if shares of Common Stock underlie such Units, the actions described in numbered paragraph 1 above shall have been taken; (vii) if shares of Preferred Stock underlie such Units, the actions described in numbered paragraph 2 above shall have been taken; (viii) if Warrants underlie such Units, the actions described in numbered paragraph 3 above shall have been taken; (ix) certificates representing the Common Shares and/or the Preferred Shares underlying such Units shall have been duly executed, countersigned and registered or, if applicable, the Common Shares and/or the Preferred Shares underlying such Warrants shall have been duly registered and settlement duly effected by book-entry delivery; (x) certificates representing the Warrants underlying such Units shall have been duly executed, countersigned and issued; and (xi) the Units shall have been duly executed, authenticated and delivered by the Unit Agent in the manner set forth in the Unit Agreement against payment of the agreed consideration therefor and in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting, distribution or similar agreement approved by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof. |
The opinions in numbered paragraphs 3 through 4 above are qualified to the extent that the enforcement of the Warrants and the related Warrant Agreement and the Units and the related Unit Agreement may be limited: (i) by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the enforcement of the rights and remedies of creditors (including, without limitation, the effect of statutory or other laws regarding preferential transferees); (ii) by the effect of general principles of equity, regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law, and the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought; (iii) under certain circumstances under law or court decisions in respect of provisions providing for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; and (iv) in respect of any provision requiring the payment of attorneys’ fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy.
March 13, 2024
Page 4
For the purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed that, at the time of the issuance, sale and delivery of each share of Common Stock, each share of Preferred Stock, each Warrant, and each Unit, as the case may be: (i) the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto, will have become effective and such effectiveness will not have been terminated or rescinded; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement describing the Securities, to the extent required by the Securities Act and the General Rules and Regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder, will have been timely filed with the SEC; (iii) any Securities being offered will be issued and sold in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws and as contemplated in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus Supplement(s) relating thereto; (iv) the terms of any Security will not violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply with any requirements or restrictions imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company; (v) the authorization thereof by the Company will not have been modified or rescinded, and there will not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity, legally binding character or enforceability thereof; (vi) in the case of the issue of Warrants, the terms and conditions of the Warrants and the related Warrant Agreement will be as expressly contemplated in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto; (vii) in the case of the issue of Units, the terms and conditions of the Units, the underlying Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and/or Warrant, and the related Unit Agreement will be as expressly contemplated in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto; (x) the Articles, as currently in effect, will not have been modified or amended except as contemplated in numbered paragraph 2 or numbered paragraph 3 above, and will be in full force and effect; (xi) with respect to Common Stock, there will be sufficient shares of Common Stock authorized under the Articles, as in effect at the relevant time, and not otherwise reserved for issuance; and (xii) with respect to Preferred Stock, there will be sufficient shares of Preferred Stock authorized under the Articles, as in effect at the relevant time, and not otherwise reserved for issuance.
With respect to any instrument or agreement executed or to be executed by any party, we have assumed, to the extent relevant to the opinions set forth herein, that: (i) such party (if not a natural person) has been duly formed or organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of formation or organization; (ii) such party is or will be duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated by each instrument or agreement to which it is or will become a party; (iii) such party has or will have full right, power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each instrument or agreement to which it is or will become a party and each such instrument or agreement has been or will be duly authorized (if applicable), executed and delivered by, and is or will be a valid, binding and enforceable agreement or obligation, as the case may be, of such party and (iv) such party will be in compliance, at all applicable times and in all respects material to each instrument or agreement to which it is or will become a party, with all applicable laws and regulations.
The opinions expressed herein are limited solely to: (i) the federal laws of the United States of America; and (ii) the Nevada General Corporation Law (including the statutory provisions and all applicable provisions of the Nevada Constitution and the reported judicial cases interpreting those laws), in each case as currently in effect, and we express no opinion as to the effect of the laws of any other jurisdiction on the opinions expressed herein. Our opinions are limited to those expressly set forth herein, and we express no opinions by implication.
This opinion is given as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to advise you after the date hereof of facts or circumstances that come to our attention or changes in law that occur that could affect the opinions contained herein.
March 13, 2024
Page 5
This opinion letter is being furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 16 of Form S-3 and Item 601(b)(5) of SEC Regulation S-K. We hereby consent to your filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 and Exhibit 23.2 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus comprising a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the General Rules and Regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP
PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of Inuvo, Inc. on Form S-3 to be filed on or about March 13, 2024 of our report dated February 29, 2024, on our audits of the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the years then ended, which report was included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 29, 2024. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement.
/s/ EisnerAmper LLP
EISNERAMPER LLP
Iselin, New Jersey
March 13, 202