Thank you for your patience. This is the conference operator. Welcome to the Intrepid Potash, Inc. Fourth Quarter 2023 Results Conference Call. Please note that all participants are in listen-only mode and the conference is being recorded. I will now hand the call over to Evan Mapes from Investor Relations. Please proceed.

Thank you, Krista. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining us to discuss and review Intrepid's fourth quarter 2023 results. With me today is Intrepid's Co-Founder, Executive Chairman and CEO; Bob Jornayvaz; and CFO, Matt Preston. Also available to answer questions during the Q&A session is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Zachry Adams; and our Vice President of Operations, John Galassini. Please be advised that our remarks today include forward-looking statements as defined by U.S. securities laws. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to be materially different from those anticipated based on information available to us today, and we assume no obligation to update them. These risks and uncertainties are described in our periodic reports filed with the SEC, which are incorporated here by reference. During today's call, we refer to certain non-GAAP financial and operational measures. Reconciliations to the mostly directly comparable GAAP measures are included in yesterday's press release. Our SEC filings and press releases are available on our website at intrepidpotash.com. I'll now turn the call over to Bob.

Thank you, Evan. Good morning, everyone. We appreciate your interest in Intrepid and attendance for our fourth quarter earnings call. I'll be structuring my remarks today, beginning with a high-level overview of the quarter, our market outlook, and production updates, and then dive into more details of the recent XTO deal and takeaways for Intrepid's equity. In the fourth quarter, our adjusted EBITDA totaled $7.1 million, bringing our 2023 figure to $41.6 million. Significantly higher production costs from our lower production, as well as moderating potash prices, drove the decline in profitability this year. While our results continue to be negatively impacted by our current production profile, primarily due to the failure of our HB IP30A well in the fourth quarter of 2022. Fortunately, the replacement well has been fully permitted and has been constructed as we speak. This individual well failure created a major impact on our unit economics, so correcting our mistake as well as our overall potash production trend remains the number one strategic priority for Intrepid. Before getting into the highlights, also included in our fourth quarter results were approximately $43 million of non-cash impairment charges, which were primarily directed at our East langbeinite mine in the Trio segment. During the fourth quarter, we saw continued strong demand for our fertilizer products. For 2023, our potash and Trio sales volumes were both up 16% compared to the prior year. Market potash pricing has also recently stabilized at levels that are about 35% higher than the previous cycle, and we expect our sales to remain steady ahead of spring application. Longer term, we remain constructive on the outlook for agriculture and fertilizer markets even with pricing for key crops recently coming down over the past few months. As we discussed in our earnings call in August, following the last period of moderating U.S. farmer incomes off-peak years, which we saw back in 2012 and the period thereafter, annual U.S. potash demand still averaged roughly a 5% growth rate through 2017. Given the significant profits generated by U.S. farmers over the past three years, they are currently in a very solid financial position. Putting this together, we expect the trend of yield maximization to continue past the upcoming spring application season, which, of course, is positive for fertilizer demand. Moving on to our potash production. The number one strategic priority at every level within the company has been to correct our declining production trend. To that extent, I'm excited to share that our recent production execution has put us on the path for a meaningful increase in production starting in the second half of the year. We've included comprehensive project updates in yesterday's earnings release, but for a quick summary on the key takeaway, we will forecast that our total potash production will be at least 10% to 15% higher in 2024 compared to 2023, with an additional 15% to 20% increase expected the following year and higher upside looking long-term. In mid-December, we announced the third amendment for our cooperative development agreement with XTO. For some background, XTO is one of ExxonMobil's subsidiaries that has a very large acreage position in the Delaware Basin and more specifically within the Designated Potash Area or DPA. For many years, we've been successful in co-developing our respective interest within the DPA, and this amendment helps ensure that this continues while also formalizing several items. For Intrepid, what this amendment stipulates is that in exchange for us agreeing to support and not oppose XTO's development and operation of their oil and gas interest within the DPA, Intrepid receives certain payments from XTO. To date, we've received the initial $50 million with $50 million more guaranteed by the seventh-year anniversary of the amendment, but possibly received sooner if XTO receives approval for a new or expanded drilling island within this specific area. Intrepid could also receive up to an additional $100 million, with the amount of that payment and timing being dependent on certain drilling activities by XTO. We feel we are now more properly aligned with XTO in the co-development in the area. We can't emphasize enough the importance of this transaction with the cash infusion significantly bolstering our liquidity position and helping de-risk our outlook. The current balance sheet cash is close to fully funding our 2024 capital program, providing a solid cash runway until we see the positive impacts to our unit economics associated with the higher potash production expected later this year. Overall, we think Intrepid is extremely well positioned. But when looking at where the equity is trading, we are close to being priced for worst-case scenarios, which is certainly not the case. I want to clarify several key points. Potash production will be inflecting higher following the summer's evaporation season, so we are only a few quarters away from seeing those results. We also want to be clear that as we progress through the commodity cycle, we will be focusing on measures that protect our balance sheet and enhance our margins and cash flow. Accordingly, we will be evaluating our options for Trio. Our primary business of selling a product that supports crops is forecast to see steady growth, and we are seeing price support for potash. We have long-lived reserves and resources that can support many decades of production, which significantly helps reduce our terminal value risk. The non-potash growth projects already underway, namely sand and lithium, offer attractive returns and upside. For these projects, Intrepid won't be committing significant upfront capital in owning all of the risk. We are currently negotiating with various parties in pursuit of a JV partnership structure for each of those commodities. We have a very strong balance sheet, no long-term debt, a cash position of $35 million and a $150 million revolver with maturity of August 2027. Moreover, we will have another $50 million guarantee from our XTO deal, as well as the possibility of an additional $100 million in payments from XTO over time. Most importantly, no one has a greater stake in wanting to see Intrepid succeed and have this translate to the price of our common stock than I do as the largest shareholder. I firmly believe that for the items we can control, our outlook is the best we've had in many years, and I'm excited about the direction we are going. I'll now turn the call over to Matt. Please go ahead.

Thanks, Bob. In the fourth quarter, Intrepid generated adjusted EBITDA of $7.1 million and had an adjusted net loss of $5.2 million. Although our sales volumes and demand for our key products have remained steady, moderating potash pricing and higher unit costs associated with the lower production levels continue to be headwinds for our financial results. As Bob noted, returning our potash production to prior peak historical levels remains the most effective way of improving our margins, with the first key inflection expected later this year. The improvement in our unit economics will be gradual but should start to be evident in the second half of 2024 and keep improving from there with the higher levels of potash production. For segment highlights, in potash, our Q4 and 2023 sales volumes totaled 45,000 and 258,000 tons, respectively, with the fourth quarter volume down 10% compared to last year, while full-year sales volumes increased 16%. Sales volumes into agriculture markets comprise about 74% of our overall potash sales, while sales into feed markets made up approximately 23% of our tons sold in 2023. Despite lower overall production levels, we've been successful in continuing to grow sales into feed markets to ensure we take advantage of the premium pricing. In the fourth quarter, our potash production totaled 79,000 tons, which brings our 2023 calendar year production to 224,000 tons. Reduced brine grades at HB and Wendover were the primary drivers of the lower-than-expected production. But since commissioning the Eddy Shaft project in October, we've been filling our ponds at HB with some of the highest grade brine in Intrepid's history, which will translate to a production benefit we should see beginning with the fall 2024 harvest. As for the first-quarter potash outlook, we expect our sales volumes to be in the range of 65,000 to 75,000 tons at an average net realized sales price in the range of $3.85 to $3.95 per ton. In Trio, our Q4 and 2023 sales volumes totaled 49,000 and 228,000 tons, respectively, which compares to 28,000 and 197,000 tons in the same prior year periods. In the fourth quarter, we produced 57,000 tons of Trio, which was up about 5,000 tons, both sequentially and year-over-year. As for the first-quarter Trio outlook, we expect our sales volumes to be in the range of 80,000 to 90,000 tons at an average net realized sales price of $290 to $300 per ton. In Oilfield Solutions, our fourth-quarter sales saw an approximately $2 million sequential increase, which was largely attributable to a roughly $3 million increase in our water sales from a large frac job on our South range. Our fourth-quarter gross margin was double the prior year figure and our brine business is becoming a steady contributor with room for more organic growth, although we are still subject to quarterly fluctuations based on the timing of larger frac jobs like we saw in the fourth quarter. Finally, given our improved financial position and recent period of high investments, I'll end my remarks clarifying our capital allocation priorities as we look ahead. First and foremost, we are focused on successfully finishing the remaining potash revitalization efforts. This is far and away the most important initiative Intrepid can undertake. For 2024, we expect our capital expenditures to be between $40 million and $50 million, which is down about 30% compared to 2023 at the midpoint. Our next priority is maintaining a solid financial position with a strong balance sheet through the cycle. Third, we will continue to develop the sand and lithium projects already underway, but for these projects, we will be very thoughtful moving forward to ensure we limit Intrepid's capital commitments, reduce potential operational risks, and make sure our operations teams remain focused on the successful completion of our key potash projects. Operator, we are now ready for the Q&A portion of the call.

Thank you. Your first question comes from Joel Jackson from BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for the color. A couple of questions. I'll ask them one by one. Maybe on costs, you gave some good volume increases expected for potash this year and next year and talked about costs starting to improve in the second half of the year. Can you give us a bit of color on the magnitude of cost reductions you might see in unit costs in the second half of the year for potash into 2025 if you hit your production numbers? And then maybe you can give a bit of color on how you see Trio cost trajectory to your costs this year and next?

Matt, do you want to take that?

Yes, happy to. Given where our production is today, Joel, we're in that 10% to 15% increase in production. We expect to see the same decrease in our unit economics on potash, 10% to 15%. That will really start to come into effect in late Q3 and really into Q4 results as those tons go into inventory; we start to sell down that inventory from the fall harvest beginning in the fourth quarter of 2024. For Trio, right now, our outlook is a pretty consistent production cost per ton, not a lot changing there on our production profile. While we certainly look to limit cash investments, capital investments, and cut back wherever we can, I'd say the outlook is pretty steady there with 2023.

Okay. And then it looked like on your freight costs, they were a lot lower in the fourth quarter. Is that something we should expect going through for the next bunch of quarters? How much do you have locked in?

No, our freight fluctuates depending on just the location of sales, mix between truck and rail. Freight really, for us, is mostly a pass-through cost. So when we give our net realized sales, we focus on that average net realized sales price when we provide that forward guidance. We'll see normal fluctuations based on where we're selling, but no reason to think we won't just go back to sort of long-term trends and averages.

And finally, the first $50 million payment, I think in the press release that came in December, but I think you actually got it in Q1 if I look at some of your other color. Then the second $50 million, what is kind of – I know you said it's within seven years, but what is kind of the best-case scenario you envision for getting the second $50 million? What does that look like?

Well, Exxon is – XTO is currently applying for drill islands, which is a small geographic area within the known potash area that the BLM has to approve. I don't know if you're following XTO. I can't speak for Exxon and their merger with Pioneer, but they've made it very clear that the Permian Basin, overall, both the Delaware and the Midland Basin, are critical areas for them in terms of areas of focus. It's much more a question for Exxon as to the timing of their development plan. But given our reading of their public statements, and their significant merger with Pioneer, and their commitment to the Delaware Basin, the sooner that they go to work and receive permits, the sooner we get paid. I think given Exxon's commitment to the Delaware Basin, there's an opportunity for that payment to happen significantly sooner, but that's not under our control.

Your next question comes from the line of Joshua Spector from UBS. Please go ahead.

Good morning. This is Lucas Beaumont filling in for Josh. I would like to clarify the volume guidance. I’m not sure if I noted this correctly. It seemed like you indicated 65 to 75 for potash and 80 to 90 for Trio. Is that the correct order?

No, that's correct.

Sorry, potash is 65 to 75?

That's right.

Okay. So I guess then just could you kind of talk to us as to why you're expecting that to be down year-on-year in the first quarter, just the dynamics from 4Q to 1Q there?

Yes. It's just a function of tons and inventory and our 2023 production, obviously, being down. We took advantage of high pricing, selling as much as we could in 2023.

Yes. To be clear, the well failure that happened in the fourth quarter of 2022 resulted in lost production somewhere between 60,000 and 100,000 tons at the HB facility. So that one well failure had a very significant impact on our overall production failure, and that's why I called it out in the early part of my remarks.

Great. And I mean you have a lot – sorry, go ahead.

I was just going to say – go ahead.

Sorry, you go ahead, mate. Sorry if you had something to add, please.

I was just going to say, the reason we called it out in the initial part of our remarks is we own the fact that that well failed, and the replacement well is actually being constructed as we speak. But it had a major impact on our production profile. Correcting that mistake will have an immediate impact once it's down, completed, and commissioned, which is expected to occur in the next 60 to 90 days.

Great. Thanks. So I mean – and I guess just then you gave a lot of good color on sort of where the projects are kind of in the press release. So I mean, you have kind of key milestones kind of coming up sort of here in March in the second quarter and the third quarter. I mean, could you just kind of help us understand how you feel about your confidence in sort of hitting the timing there and around the completion dates? And are there any risks? Or how does that kind of stand currently?

Well, in order to mitigate the risk of the redrilling of that well, we completely changed the drilling design; we brought on a whole new team to drill the second well. Unfortunately, the permitting took an unusual amount of time; it took us almost a year to repermit that replacement well. The good news is it's fully permitted. There's a rig on site drilling the conductor pipe as we speak. We hope to have that well done and completed by the end of the month and hopefully commissioned by the end of April. Given that, that's in our largest best brine pool within the entire company structure, being able to put that high-grade brine into our ponds at Carlsbad will have a material impact as we begin the harvest of those ponds.

If everything goes as planned, you mentioned that you're anticipating a significant increase in production volumes in the second half. Could you provide some context regarding that increase compared to the 90,000 tons produced in the second half of last year? Are you expecting an increase of 10,000 tons this year or 20,000 tons in the second half?

Well, in terms of trying to break it down by quarters, is the hard part, given the seasonality in the evaporation cycle. But I want to be clear that we lost somewhere between 75,000 and 100,000 tons from that one big brine pool that we were unable to access. Those tons will be going into our ponds and we'll begin to harvest those. I know you're trying to build a quarterly model, but it basically starts a pinwheel effect, if you will, because we have multiple. As we've tried to outline in our IR decks, we've got multiple abandoned mines that we have now flooded, and this has given those abandoned mines time for the brine grades to resaturate and build up so that we're now going to be producing for several years a much higher brine grade. As we just explained from our HB – from the Eddy Shaft project, which has been putting in some of the highest brine grades in our history into our ponds. If you could take five minutes and look at our IR deck, and familiarize yourself with the HB pond system, I think it will become more evident to you.

Well, thanks. And then maybe just lastly, similar to the question in terms of the hurdles of the incremental $50 million payment. It sounds like you have a reasonable degree of confidence that that one will pursue. Could you talk a bit more about sort of what the contingent hurdles are on the further $100 million that would need to happen over time?

Well, there are really no hurdles. Once they get their next drilling island approved, then there really aren't any hurdles. It's described as contingent payments as they drill off those drilling islands. It all starts happening very quickly once they get that first drill island approved, and we are now very much aligned in terms of them receiving that drill island. I would just take you back to looking at Exxon's comments and look to Exxon for guidance as to their importance and significance of the Delaware Basin in terms of where Exxon believes they are going with their production, so that's more of an Exxon question.

Yes. So I mean I guess you said that the first one was linked to them just doing one drilling island. So are the incremental ones linked to multiple drilling islands? Or I mean, what's…

We simply need to get their first one approved to kick off the entire process.

Hi. Thanks for taking the questions. First, I just want to congratulate you on the XTO deal and for getting the final sand permits. I know that's been a long time coming. I appreciate all the details on the CapEx projects in terms of how they're progressing and just your commentary at the end. Just first on the balance sheet. Is there anything notable about the timing in terms of either working capital that you've laid out ahead of the spring season or CapEx that's maybe been front-loaded in 2024? Or is that a pretty clean number?

Yes. Jason, when it comes to capital, I think certainly some of it is going to be weighted more towards the first half as a lot of those projects started in 2023 and they'll be wrapping up in the first half of 2024, the HP pipeline. We've already covered IP30B the replacement well, which is happening right now, and the Wendover primary pond, which began in 2023 as well. From the growth side, certainly, that will be weighted more towards the first half of the year, and the sustaining capital piece, which is the balance of that $40 million to $50 million spread pretty evenly throughout the year.

Okay. And for the Sand project, I apologize if you've talked about this before, but can you maybe either speak to or remind me about the regional economics of the project? Because I guess my understanding is the cost of sand to whoever is using it probably has a lot to do with whoever the next closest option would be. So when this project now can get up and running, what is kind of the regional or competitive view of what's in the area besides you guys?

It will be the closest – it will be the first and only sand mine in Southeast New Mexico. From a logistical standpoint of which operators pay for sand, sometimes they pay for it FOB at the mine and they pay their own transportation costs or they buy it on a delivered basis. Logistically, we will now be the only mine in the Delaware Basin, on the New Mexico side, and we will be the closest to the wells being permitted and drilled. We will have a significant logistical advantage from a transportation standpoint to the wells being – to the hundreds, if not thousands of wells that are currently permitted and scheduled to be drilled.

Okay. That's pretty clear. And the looking for a partner strategically, is it someone that would have, I guess, prior experience with operating a running sand mine that you kind of would look to bring that on? Or is it more just the financial aspect of maybe getting money upfront instead of having to kind of do it all yourself?

I would say both components are very important. The good news is, we've got a lot of interest. I'll just leave it at that, that we're currently negotiating and feel like we have several directions that we could go in the nature of the partner.

Okay. And then just – you talked a lot about HB in some of the last questions, but on Wendover, specifically, the primary pond 7, which I guess will now be a second primary pond. Is that one more additive? Or is that kind of replacing declining rates that, I guess, what would have been the old primary pond?

I would say its number one purpose is replacement. We'll still be storing brine in primary pond 6 that will then flow into primary pond 7, and we will eventually start a multi-year construction on pond 8, which we will – just so we don't allocate a bunch of capital we're going to look forward because Wendover has tremendous opportunity, assuming we structure a lithium joint venture, the capital will be available to greatly enhance the facilities out there with a partner that will not only increase potash production, but also increase magnesium salt and hopefully lithium production as well.

Okay. And on the lithium, the kind of numbers like the 2,000 tons, is that kind of contingent on pond 7 being built? Is it contingent on pond 8 being built? Is that kind of where you are today with the magnesium chloride as the byproduct, or just, I guess, where is that number?

The 2,000 really is a base number that is just literally sitting in a ditch 5 or collection pond 5. We know that we consistently over the last many, many years, if not decades, that's where we have achieved the highest concentrations of lithium. It has been measured over several years. We know we have an additional 4,000 to 5,000 tons that flow through the system, and we're working with some very sophisticated partners that have ideas about where we can place collection points to collect those additional tons. Combining with the right strategic partner that understands our seasonality, understands DLE technology, and is well-financed are our primary goals. The great news is that any dollar we spend to enhance lithium production will directly result in greater potash production. It is a true win-win in terms of who and how we structure this.

Okay. Perfect. I'll hop back in the queue if I have any other questions, but thank you again for taking the questions. I appreciate all the color.

Thank you, Jason.

Your next question comes from the line of Josh Spector from UBS. Please go ahead.

Thanks a lot. Lucas here again. So just on the Trio side. So you've got a pretty large step up there in the volumes for the first quarter. I mean, could you just kind of talk about how you're thinking about the rest of the year for us, please?

Yes. Thanks for the question. Certainly, here in North America, I think as others have echoed, we're seeing a spring season that's trending ahead of normal just due to mild weather conditions, and we certainly see that in our Trio segment. We would certainly expect our Q1 to reflect that, and it does so far. But Trio is a little bit different than some other nutrients in that the demand piece on that has a little bit of a longer tail through the first half. We would expect to still see steady volumes through the second quarter in the early summer as that product is used on a variety of different crops and not only for pre-plant applications but also for citrus applications as well.

And sorry, so when you say in 70 there, that's implying it could stay up at this kind of 90,000 tons level. I mean that would put you kind of 180 in the first half, which will be 50% higher than last year less 40%. Is that correct?

No. I mean Q1 will certainly be our largest sales quarter for Trio, as Zach said, we've got an early spring season, and then we're seeing strong demand there. But like all of our sales seasonality and trends, I mean, we'll certainly see sort of a tail-off here towards the back half of Q2. By no means is it going to be a consistent Q1 and Q2 volume.

Sorry, go ahead.

I say, it's very consistent with prior years.

Great. Thanks. And just following on from Joel's question earlier on the cost. So you're sort of talking about the ton cost, I think in the Trio side, so you had the step up there in sort of the aggregate cost level as well. So were you assuming that the aggregate costs are going to kind of be flat year-on-year as well, roughly? Is that how you think about it?

Yes, that was – yes, that's correct.

Yes. And then just on the CapEx side, just following up on that one. So you mentioned most of the growth CapEx is going to sort of start to wind down from later this year, and you highlighted that's kind of falling to sort of $20 million to $25 million. So I mean, obviously, you're going to have these like ongoing kind of well growth CapEx, I guess, as you go right into next year too. So I guess how much of what's happening this year is like left in terms of spend that will carry into 2025? And how do you kind of see like a normal level of growth CapEx in that sense?

Yes. I mean as far as the big push on revitalization, obviously, the last two years have been significant CapEx in that $65 million, $70 million range for 2022 and 2023, down a bit in 2024. Certainly nothing at those levels. We'll continue to evaluate opportunities in front of us when it comes to expanding into Bed 9 and Moab if we'd like to and certainly other areas, but no significant forward projections now for 2025 as we just continue to work to complete the projects that are currently underway, make sure those are successful and get up and running, and then we'll evaluate our production profile at that point. See what makes sense in future years.

Thanks. And then just lastly on the potential kind of lithium projects, I was just wondering if you could kind of give us your latest thoughts on how you think the project economics would sort of work if you have either sort of the royalty of the JV agreement? Is it you're going to kind of capture like a percentage of sort of revenue there or something? I mean with where prices are at the moment, like the 2,000 tons a year would be worth kind of $30 million to $45 million a year in sales, which then, obviously, there are a bit of production costs and everything and you have to split with the JV partner. How would you sort of think about walking through that?

We look at it as a pretty significant upfront payment. To use that oil and gas analogy, we view our – since we own the mineral outright, we don't lease the mineral. We own the lithium in fee. We have the opportunity to structure it, like you would a South Texas ranch in the Eagle Ford play where, as a mineral owner, you would take a significant upfront payment, they would be responsible for the majority, if not all, of the capital costs, and then you would collect a significant royalty off of that. We would not be expending any capital. It would give us the opportunity to expand, create more berms, more ponds, which, as I said in my remarks, every dollar that you spend to improve lithium production actually results in greater potash production. So it is a true win-win in terms of who and how we structure this.

Right. Thanks very much.

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the conference back over to Bob Jornayvaz for any closing remarks.

Thank you, everyone, for your time today. We wish you a great week, and we really appreciate your interest in Intrepid. We look forward to the upcoming quarters. Thank you very much.

This concludes today's conference call. You may disconnect your lines. Thank you for participating, and have a pleasant day.