Iridium Communications Inc. Q4 FY2024 Earnings Call

Good day and welcome to Iridium's Communications 2024 Fourth Quarter Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Please note this event is being recorded. I'd now like to turn the conference over to Ken Levy, VP of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thanks, Deby. Good morning and welcome to Iridium's fourth quarter 2024 earnings call. Joining me on this morning's call are CEO Matt Desch and CFO Vincent O'Neill. Today's call will begin with the discussion of our fourth quarter results followed by Q&A. I trust you've had an opportunity to review this morning's earnings release, which is available on the investor relations section of Iridium's website. Before I turn things over to Matt, I'd like to caution all participants that our call may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical fact and include statements about our future expectations, plans and prospects. Forward-looking statements are based upon our current beliefs and expectations and are subject to risk, which could cause actual results to differ from forward-looking statements. Such risks are more fully discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our remarks today should be considered in light of such risks. Any forward-looking statements represent our views only as of today. And while we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our views or expectations change. During the call, we'll also be referring to certain non-GAAP financial measures, including operational EBITDA, pro forma free cash flow, free cash flow yield, and free cash flow conversion. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Please refer to today's earnings release and the investor relations section of our website for further explanation of these non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measures. With that, let me turn things over to Matt.

Thanks, Ken. Good morning, everyone. As you saw on our press release this morning, we finished out 2024 on a strong note and are forecasting a return to more normal growth trends for 2025. Service revenue came in on target for 2024, and operational EBITDA exceeded our full-year projection all while Iridium generated more than $300 million in pro forma free cash flow for the year. Robust free cash flow continues to be a point of differentiation as investors compare Iridium to other satellite companies. Not only does our strong cash flow support ongoing business investment, but it also allows us to make good on our commitment to return capital to shareholders. In the fourth quarter alone, Iridium returned approximately $140 million to shareholders through dividends and an expanded share repurchase program. Our buyback program retired more than 4 million shares, bringing the total shares retired in 2024 to almost 14 million shares. Since we initiated these shareholder-friendly activities in 2021, Iridium has retired close to 30 million shares of stock and returned over $1.2 billion of capital in dividends and share repurchases. We continue to feel very good about Iridium's market position and potential, as well as our ability to achieve the long-term guidance we shared during Investor Day in 2023 to deliver $1 billion in service revenue in 2030 and generate approximately $3 billion in free cash flow over that period. Overall, 2024 was a transition year for our company. The modest OEBITDA and 5% service revenue growth we put up this year was a bit off of our normal trend in part due to the comp from the voice and data price action taken in 2023, our need to rework our D2D offering and the revenue recognition accounting impact of extending the estimated useful life of our satellites. We also had tough comps in equipment, as we came back to normal ordering from partners after their stock up during supply chain concerns during the pandemic. But having now cleared these headwinds, you should expect Iridium's OEBITDA to start returning back to historical growth trends. On today's call, I'm happy to be accompanied by our new CFO, Vince O'Neil. Many of you have gotten to know Vince during his 10 plus years at Iridium leading our FP&A team, and it's been a seamless transition, and I know he'll continue the strong financial leadership that Tom instilled during his tenure. Iridium enters 2025 with momentum, a strong capital position and strength relative to our L band competitors. We have good visibility through our extensive partner ecosystem that gives us confidence in our near and long-term growth projections. I note there's been a recent rise in short interest in our shares. This appears to be part of a bearish bet on the broader satellite sector in the face of Starlink's aggressive pricing and adoption, particularly as it relates to their disruption of the VSAT market and entrance into the direct-to-device market. As I've highlighted before, Iridium is complementary to Starlink's efforts in both of these areas. We are focused on safety and mission-critical applications and operating completely different spectrum than Starlink, which provides our users with an important utility that Starlink cannot fulfill. In our opinion, bets against our growth seem misplaced, and while it's challenging to disprove a negative, continued good execution and delivering on growth will eventually win the day and differentiate Iridium even more from other satellite operators. Today, we initiate a full-year guidance for OEBITDA and service revenue for 2025, which continue to underscore our growth and business opportunities. While Vince will discuss the driver supporting this outlook, as well as our 2024 results, I'd like to touch upon the unusual-looking decline in net subscribers in our IoT business from the third quarter. As we mentioned last quarter, a large commercial IoT customer on a fixed-price contract announced a change in their retail plans late in the third quarter. While these changes will not impact our revenue, we expect they will have the effect of reducing active subscriber numbers during 2025, and creating more seasonality in our IoT subscriber base each year. The customer continues to develop and introduce new products that rely on our network, which we expect to continue to contribute meaningfully to Iridium's commercial IoT growth. Vince will cover this topic in greater detail. A key reason for Iridium's success has been our truly global network, our L band spectrum position, and probably most important, the reliability of our network. These characteristics have come to define our brand and have set the standard for organizations involved in safety services and mission-critical applications. In broadband, we've positioned Iridium Certus as a reliable companion to VSAT offerings, including Starlink. We're currently in a transition to being what we believe is the preferred L band companion to VSAT on maritime ships. We’ve continued to differentiate our maritime offerings by doubling down on safety services. There's a near-term headwind as we address the transition from primary to backup service, but we're confident in our product positioning going forward. In late 2024, we introduced Iridium service GMDSS for Mariners, which combines our L band broadband technology with important and mandated maritime safety and security services. The combination of these capabilities into one terminal sets a new standard for cost, efficiency, and performance and helps ensure that Iridium is the preferred choice on ships to complement Ka and Ku broadband connections. We've also enhanced functionality for LAN Mobile and IoT users with the introduction of Iridium Certus Midband over the past year or so. This functionality has already been leveraged by our industrial partners in their products. We've had close to 30 new Iridium Certus 100 products come through our certification process so far across the variety of IoT and voice market applications. We've also introduced our next generation IoT technology in 2024, which we call Iridium Certus IoT, which provides faster speeds, direct connection to the Amazon cloud and faster partner development. Iridium Certus IoT technology is being integrated into personal satellite communications devices like the in-Reach Messenger Plus, which launched in September to facilitate the transmission of photos and voice messages for recreational users. All these applications expand Iridium's utility and support higher ARPU. Beyond these traditional uses for our network, we continue to invest in partnerships, new technologies and use cases. In 2024, we onboarded more than 30 new partners to our global ecosystem and certified more than 60 new partner applications on Iridium's network. These numbers are impressive. We do not invite partners into our ecosystem by chance, and their selection is a process that reflects their ability to bring new capabilities and customers onto our network. We're also excited about our work on 3GPP standards. While the satellite industry remains in the early stages of development on D2D, we're making fast progress on our development of Iridium NTN Direct, supporting standards-based narrowband IoT connections that can be used in consumer and terrestrial IoT devices. We expect to be in live testing with pre-standard spaceships from at least one supplier as early as summer. This timeline will allow customers and partners to experience Iridium's D2D capabilities and support commercial launches in 2026. In our opinion, service coverage will remain the biggest challenge for early adopters of D2D services. Iridium is unique among other D2D players as we remain the only L band satellite company with a LEO constellation in orbit today, a global allocation of spectrum and a path to offer reliable standards-based connectivity to end user markets around the world. MNOs have told us that they expect to deliver multiple D2D and standards-based satellite IoT solutions to their customers, and we expect Iridium NTN Direct to be a key one on a global basis. As I said before, we don't have to be first to market; we just have to be one of the best, and we will be. Before I turn things over to Vince, I wanted to take a minute to touch upon the progress and strong market position that Aireon now occupies. Most of you know that Iridium helped to create and owns a significant equity stake in this space-based aircraft surveillance company. The analyst community has been valuing our stake at about $2 per share going as far back as 2018. Since that time, Aireon has continued to expand its leadership in aviation surveillance, signing new ANSP customers and now has relationships that represent over 40 countries and cover more than half the world's air space. More importantly, however, Aireon has broadened its market position to monetize its rich dataset of global in-flight movements. The company has invested in cloud-based data analytics and services to establish a strong position in the aviation analytics market. Aireon has signed commercial data service agreements with companies like Airbus, Boeing, ForeFlight, GE Airspace, and others that integrate Aireon's ADS-B data into space analytics platforms. This allows them to streamline workflows between flight planners and pilots and optimize flight paths and maintenance services to inform and enhance flight operations. In fact, commercial data analytics services represent a meaningful component of Aireon's business and have grown at a faster rate than the company's traditional surveillance business since 2019. Aireon has been investing in some exciting new big data analytics capabilities that help to solve some of the biggest safety issues that are facing the aviation industry. For example, there have been significant increases in the frequency of GPS signal jamming and aircraft position spoofing, and the Aireon system can identify global hotspots, real-time jamming events and provide aircraft tracking independent of GPS. This will enhance safety for both ANSPs and airlines. Aireon also continues to explore ways to leverage their unique global dataset to help solve some other operational and safety issues for the industry. One such problem is turbulence encounters that create significant safety and economic impacts to the aviation industry and flying public. Aireon is currently working with the research community and commercial airlines to introduce capabilities later this year that will identify and monitor turbulence events. Aireon has fully rebounded from the headwinds associated with the pandemic, remains EBITDA positive, and continues to expand its service offerings. Most recently, the company announced its plans to explore bringing space-based VHF services to the aviation marketplace. We're supporting them on that effort. I'm proud of Iridium's long-time involvement in Aireon and the leadership and forward-thinking that Aireon's team has shown in the aviation market. It's another example of where Iridium's one-of-a-kind network has delivered value and is helping to foster global changes. So, as I look forward, 2025 will be a year of growth for Iridium. We will continue to invest in new products and services, return capital to our shareholders, and grow our partnerships and business. Perhaps most importantly to long-term investors, you will see Iridium invest in longer-term growth opportunities like Iridium NTN Direct and continue to generate strong free cash flow. So, with that, let me turn it over to Vince for a review of our financial performance.

Thanks, Matt, and good morning, everyone. With my remarks today, I'd like to recap Iridium's full year results for 2024 and provide perspective on our fourth quarter performance. I'll also provide color on the 2025 outlook we released this morning and review Iridium's liquidity and capital positions. For full year 2024, Iridium exceeded its OEBITDA guidance, aided in part by service revenue growth and new government contract awards and a return to more normalized demand for equipment. Pro forma free cash flow was $306 million in 2024 and shareholders remain the beneficiaries as we returned over $400 million through share repurchases equivalent to 11% of our shares outstanding. Including dividends, Iridium returned close to $500 million to investors in 2024. In the fourth quarter, operational EBITDA rose 3% from the prior year's quarter to $117 million and total revenue grew 9% to $213 million. Growth in service revenue was complemented by the return of equipment demand and expanding government contract awards, which drove engineering and support revenue. Within the commercial business, we reported service revenue of $127.3 million in the fourth quarter, which was up 5% from a year earlier. Revenue from commercial voice and data rose 3% from the prior year period and reflected incremental market share gains in the APAC region, where other L band service providers have experienced outages in recent years. These events underscore the importance of reliable, weather-resilient L band service and highlight the durability of Iridium's one-of-a-kind network. Commercial IoT grew 15% in the quarter, in part fueled by personal communications, which remains a strong business for us. You will note that IoT subs were down 15,000 for the quarter. This was due to a personal communications customer changing its retail pricing plans, something that we previewed with you on our Q3 call and which Matt mentioned in his remarks. We saw a spike in deactivations from that customer in the fourth quarter as they started to phase out their annual plans, including plans that allow subscribers to toggle between active and inactive status on a monthly basis throughout the contract year. The number of inactive subscribers varied seasonally, but averaged about 250,000 over the last year. I think you'll see the impact of these changes over the next few quarters. Subscribers who previously used these annual plans are now expected to be only subscribers in months when they anticipate using the service. This means going forward, you will see greater seasonality in our subscriber numbers from quarter to quarter versus prior year periods. I want to underscore that we attribute the decline in net subscribers in the fourth quarter directly to these plan modifications and do not believe the changes to subscriber numbers were a result of competition or other external factors. Iridium's IoT revenue with this large partner is fixed under the terms of our contract, and the increase in subscriber seasonality will have no impact on our revenue in 2025. Gross activations remain strong in the fourth quarter and we expect our 2026 revenues from this customer to further increase from 2025. In broadband, we reported revenue of $13.4 million in the fourth quarter, down 9% from the year-ago period, as ARPU reflected increased prevalence of Iridium's use as a companion service and the conversion of customers to other plans. For the full year, broadband revenue was down 3% and remained largely in line with our expectations. In all, commercial subscribers grew 9% year over year. IoT continued to represent the largest share of our user base at 81% of the total at year end, up from 80% in the year-ago period. Revenue from hosted payload and other data services was up 2% in the fourth quarter to $15.4 million. The year-over-year increase reflected strong contributions from our new PNT service despite a tough comp from a one-time benefit that drove growth in the prior year's quarter. Government service revenue rose in the fourth quarter to $26.8 million, reflecting a step-up in our fixed price EMSS contract with the U.S. government, which occurred on September 15th. Subscriber equipment increased 38% in the fourth quarter to $21.6 million after a period of prolonged volatility related to supply chain issues associated with the pandemic. As we had previously forecasted, full year 2024 marks a return to more normalized sales levels following two consecutive years of record equipment sales for the company. We believe the Q4 improvement in equipment sales shows continued strong support for Iridium services. Engineering and support revenue grew 20% from the prior year period to $37.4 million in the fourth quarter, reflecting new contract awards and Iridium's growing work with the Space Development Agency. Our work with the SDA remains highly strategic and aligns Iridium closely with the U.S. government's long-term space priorities. Moving to our 2025 outlook, we anticipate service revenue growth of between 5% and 7% in 2025 and are forecasting our EBITDA of between $490 million and $500 million. Many of the factors that impacted our 2024 growth normalized as we move into 2025, allowing service revenue and our EBITDA growth to improve. To provide further context to our full-year guidance, I want to highlight some of the drivers that support our 2025 outlook. First, we continue to forecast ongoing subscriber and revenue growth for our voice business, as Iridium remains the gold standard in this business due to the reliability and global coverage of our network. In IoT, 2025 will be another year of revenue growth, in part owed to a step-up in our fixed price contracts with our largest IoT customer. We anticipate double-digit revenue growth even with added subscriber seasonality related to the pricing plan changes I noted earlier. IoT partners continue to invest in and rollout new devices featuring Iridium's mid-band technology. Over the last two years, we have seen the introduction of a dozen or so products across the aviation, maritime, land mobile, and government sectors. We expect these new products, as well as new consumer-oriented applications, will broaden Iridium's adoption across industries, attract new users, and drive higher IoT ARPU. In broadband, we expect revenue to remain at a level similar to 2024. Growth from our new Iridium Certus GMD assess service will help to support revenue and additional market share gains, but the continued migration of customers to other plans will pressure ARPU in 2025. Hosted payload and other revenue should serve as another tailwind to 2025 revenue as Iridium PNT gains traction with partners. This service has both civil and government applications and is increasingly gaining attention from GPS dependent organizations that are susceptible to the risks associated with signal spoofing and jamming. We expect equipment revenue in 2025 to be similar to sales in 2024. Margin, however, will be down modestly as a one-time cost benefit realized in 2024 will not recur in 2025. Engineering and support continue to benefit from Iridium's growing contracts with the U.S. government and is expected to grow again in 2025. On the expense side of the equation, we will continue to support new service and product development. To begin, we expect SG&A growth rates to significantly decline to the mid-single-digits, as costs normalize following our acquisition of Satelles in 2024. R&D spending is expected to decline in 2025 as some major programs move into a more capital-intensive phase of development. As a result, capital expenditures will be about $90 million in 2025 to support work with 3GPP standards and facilitate testing and adoption of Iridium's L band waveform with new consumers. We still expect CapEx to moderate from here, as we move closer to the end of the decade. Other operational assumptions supporting our 2025 outlook, which I've not yet touched upon include: depreciation expense, which after a couple of years of change will be relatively stable with 2024's level. Interest expense based on our current projections is expected to increase modestly year-over-year, reflecting the expansion of our credit facility in 2024. Iridium has a 1.5% interest rate cap in place to hedge $1 billion of exposure on our term loan through November 2026. Iridium continues to expect minimal cash taxes of less than $10 million per year through 2026. When considering these items, we expect to generate between $490 million and $500 million in EBITDA in 2025. At the midpoint, EBITDA of $495 million would represent 5% growth from 2024's reported number. Moving on to our balance sheet, as of December 31, 2024, Iridium had a cash and cash equivalents balance of approximately $94 million. Our cash balance is ample to fund our operations and we anticipate continued payment of quarterly dividends and opportunistic share repurchases. In the fourth quarter of 2024, Iridium retired approximately 4.1 million shares of common stock at an average price of $29.64. For the full year 2024, Iridium purchased 14 million shares at an average price of $28.92 for a total of $403.8 million. This represents approximately 11% of Iridium's outstanding shares. This activity left Iridium with an outstanding balance of $430 million at year-end under our Board approved authorization through December 31, 2027. Since the inception of our buyback program in Q1 2021, we have repurchased almost $1.1 billion. We expect to continue to execute our buyback program, balancing our objective for deleveraging with the desire to maximize return on investment. In 2024, Iridium paid a total of $64.7 million through quarterly dividend payments to shareholders. Looking to 2025, we expect our Board will increase the dividend to $0.15 per share, starting in the third quarter, resulting in an increase of over 5% for the full year. The increase reflects management's continued confidence in the company's business opportunities and prospects for continued strong free cash flow. We closed 2024 with net leverage of 3.6 times OEBITDA. This was up from 3.1 times a year earlier and reflects additional issuance on our term loans to support the Satelles acquisition and opportunistic share buybacks. We think Iridium naturally delevers over time and expect to exit 2030 below 2 times net leverage, even after giving effect to our dividend program and all sharebacks authorized by our Board. Turning to our pro forma free cash flow. If we use the midpoint of our 2025 OEBITDA guidance and back off $91 million in net interest pro forma for our current debt structure, approximately $90 million in CapEx for this year, $6 million in cash taxes and $6 million in working capital inclusive of the appropriate hosted payload adjustment, we're projecting pro forma free cash flow of $302 million for 2025. These metrics would represent a conversion rate of OEBITDA to free cash flow of 61% in 2025 and a yield of over 10%. We continue to believe that pro forma free cash flow is a good measure of our business strength. A more detailed description of each element of these calculations, along with the reconciliation to GAAP measures, is available in a supplemental presentation under Events on our Investor Relations website. As I begin my first year as Iridium's CFO, investors should recognize the level of financial discipline and continuity that runs through this organization and our capital policies. Our team has planned for this year's transition and I expect the stability of Iridium's business model that you've come to know through my predecessor will remain consistent. I have great confidence in Iridium's business prospects and cash flow generation and look forward to discussing these topics with many of you during Iridium's upcoming conference appearances. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to the operator for Q&A.

The first question comes from Edison Yu with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thank you so much for taking our questions. So first off, I want to get your kind of latest thinking on the landscape. Obviously, we've got some deals happening on the L band side potentially. You alluded to the Starlink. Has any of the recent developments changed your thinking on the speed, and what you're trying to do in D2D?

No, I don't think so. I know a lot of you kind of pinged us when Apple announced a tweak to their iPhone, for example, which we fully expected, I mean, with their 60% market share, why they wouldn't work with T Mobile service, for example. And I had to answer a lot of questions, you know, for a few days when a totally expected situation sort of announced. Perhaps there were other reasons for making that announcement, but it certainly wasn't technical. All the other things really are things we've been anticipating for a long time, which is frankly a feature of the satellite industry. You typically can figure out what's going to happen for quite a few years in advance, which is why we've been able to navigate so successfully really over time, as we've anticipated what others are going to do. So, our D2D offerings we believe are quite complementary to many of these others. I know that many investors seem to think it's a zero-sum game that every announcement means that somebody is winning and somebody is losing. In our case, because our investment is modest, the gains which we believe will happen from moving to a standard based D2D kind of world is significant. We expect to have a really nice return going forward and will fit very well and be complementary to many of these other solutions, because as I said, mobile network operators are really looking for multiple solutions to offer their customers, and they like our global highly reliable approach and would love to have their customers roam onto our network.

Understood. I want to ask a longer-term question on the potential NextGen or the NextGen constellation. I think, Matt, you may have made some comments at a recent industry conference about it. One perspective or one angle I wanted to kind of maybe get your thoughts on is, have you entertained or would you consider the possibility of perhaps having a partner or someone else kind of own or handle the CapEx of that future constellation? And then you would take on obviously the operating role and the market and the go-to-market role. But just this idea of trying to maybe offload the CapEx or the burden of that in the future for this NextGen constellation?

We're open to a variety of ideas and continue discussions with others in the industry. However, it's not a decision that makes sense to make right now since it's really concerning developments over the next decade. As I've mentioned in previous calls, I believe that the costs associated with a next-generation network could be lower due to the significant investments made in satellite platforms. During a recent small satellite conference, I learned about options for more affordable buses and launch services, which will be advantageous when we eventually move forward, perhaps in the 2030s. Our key strength lies in our ability to innovate and the technology we've developed has proven effective. Projects like Aireon and PNT services showcase our innovative capabilities, and having control over our own technology is a real asset. This isn't just a commodity business; we don't simply hand it over to others to provide low-margin services. Our ownership of our technology and spectrum allows us to maintain high profit margins, and I do not foresee any significant changes to that. Nevertheless, I am open to discussing potential partnerships with other constellations. We could explore opportunities to integrate our payload into another constellation or leverage someone else's manufacturing line for satellites to reduce costs for replicating or rejuvenating our constellation. We already have concepts we’d like to pursue regarding the next-generation constellation, including some new services that could enhance our competitiveness heading into the 2030s and 2040s. That's currently what we're focused on.

The next question is from Simon Flannery with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Matt, I appreciate the updates on the D2D. It's encouraging to see us moving towards trials for the commercial launch. Could you provide us with some indicators on when we might expect to see financial impact? How should we assess the total addressable market? It appears that you're not focusing directly on the voice market, but rather from an IoT standpoint. Should we anticipate significant revenue benefits next year, or how do you view the overall market opportunity for your products? And Vince, I have a quick question for you regarding broadband. In the past, you mentioned that the ARPU would stabilize after about four or five quarters, and I'd like to understand where we currently are in that transition process, moving from complementary use back to typical applications. Thank you.

On D2D, I mean, we still expect that we'll have a service commercially available in early 2026. Chip manufacturers are starting to line up to develop products for that time, but there will still be the implementation timeline for people to implement those into solutions and to distribute those. So, I think it's going to have a very small impact in 2026, but will grow significantly. And our plan has it showing for the 2027, 2028, 2029 timeframe starting to really ramp up and contributing materially to our IoT business and other services.

Yes, sure. Simon, as I noted in my remarks, in 2025, we obviously anticipate that we'll gain market share with our GMDSS services that launches into the market. Our expectation is that we will continue to see some ARPU pressure in 2025, especially as more of the subscriber base migrates towards a companion service. So, our expectation is that you'll continue to see some of that play out in 2025.

And is $250 million still the kind of the base level we should be thinking about?

Yes, I think that's a good assumption, Simon.

Next question is from Chris Quilty with Quilty Analytics. Please go ahead.

Just a follow-up on that maritime point. I think Starlink dropped their progress report at the end of last year and they indicated something like 75,000 vessels attached, which is bigger than the actual VSAT market of 40,000 to 45,000. Are you seeing any opportunities with assuming those numbers are correct that there's a bunch of incremental vessels pickups in the backup service, or is it your indication that whatever vessels they're landing are perhaps smaller leisure vessels that would not be an appropriate candidate for a backup service?

It's a good question, Chris. I'd say they could be expanding the market a little bit. Clearly, I think the real advantages of a companion service are in the larger Blue Ocean kind of vessels that end up in ports and places that their service wouldn't operate very well or where they really absolutely need continuous services because they're industrial kind of vessels. So, but there are I think the market is demanding more connectivity elsewhere, and our partners are really packaging things up nicely, where we're kind of just part of the solution. So, I think we might find these increases. And also, GMDSS in general is really kind of expanding to smaller vessels. There's a real effort to make it available to all kinds of vessels, and we're making it a lot less expensive. So, it could be expanding the market a bit, yes.

Got you. And on Commercial voice, subs were down in the fourth quarter, which is not unusual, maybe it was down a little bit more, but what do you look at the prospects for 2025 and the growth drivers for the voice business? Is it still primarily a push-to-talk driver for that business or are there new services that will be offered?

Push-to-talk is mainly what is driving growth in that area. We continue to sell voice hotspots, but PTT has expanded significantly over the last couple of years. I believe it is the main driver and remains a fundamental part of our business. There is a seasonal aspect to it, with less activity in the winter and more in the summer, and I think that trend will continue.

Great. And if I can ask one more, I stopped asking questions about Aireon. So, I'm happy to hear you guys promoting it again. Obviously, the biggest missing customer there is the FAA. I don't think anybody knows what's going on in the FAA in the last couple of months. But can you give us maybe a rundown of how that transpired? For a while, you were testing with them and then the FAA sort of backed out and what are the prospects for bringing them on a go-forward basis?

Yes, the FAA eventually kind of told us, look, it's interesting technology and we would love to deploy it, but we are underfunded. We have a long list of things that we still need to do to modernize our network, and this is really not on the top of the list right now, even though we felt it was pretty cost-effective and made a big impact on them. I think there's some more interest that's been generated recently. Certainly, the crash here in D.C. of a helicopter and commercial aircraft prompted a lot of discussion from the current administration about modernizing the FAA. I noticed the Department of Transportation Secretary saying that there are technologies that were invented in the U.S. that haven't been deployed in the U.S. and should be. I thought that was practically an advertisement for Aireon. Don't really know what will happen, certainly not I don't think it will be the same as many other agencies because you don’t want to mess with air traffic control and safety too quickly. But I do think it creates more opportunities because I think there's going to be a strong focus on safety and modernization and Aireon is perfectly positioned for that.

The next question is from Ric Prentiss with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning, everybody. A couple of questions. One, we did see some stories popping out. I think it was yesterday, about a white hat hacker having some success kind of breaking into the government network with you guys. Can you talk a little bit about what that story might be alluding to, or what is going on with the government contract? I have a couple of follow-ups.

Yes. I've seen that story. It's a recurring story that's been kind of popping up every couple of years, ever since I think the first one we ever saw was back in 2015. It's really not news. I don't really understand sort of why it was being promoted and discussed. I don't know if people ever just do Google, you would see that story from the past. Yes, our network is not encrypted by default, but all of our partners, including the government, can encrypt traffic that they want to maintain and do. So, describing this is somehow a fundamental flaw of our network was sort of strange to me and not really news. It doesn't affect anything we're doing; it's not somehow suddenly discovered. Everyone who works with us knows exactly how our network works, and all the traffic, a lot of the traffic over our network is encrypted. And so, it was a strange story, as far as I was concerned.

And then following on Simon's question on the non-terrestrial network and timing. How can you view the different kind of segments of what direct to device whether it's smartphone, tablets, cars, computers? How would you kind of think, where the Iridium solution might play best, as we think about the TAM and the kind of segments?

We've always had an advantage, where there's been no compromises on needing global coverage. And so, clearly, that's going to be our hallmark. Starlink AST, those are regional solutions that do cellular infill in regional terrestrial markets. Right now, they still have interference and regulatory issues to overcome to really expand that beyond 10% of the earth's surface. So, you want to go in the oceans, you want to go into Europe, you want to go into many other markets with your device or your car or your watch, those services aren't going to work. Again, I think we're going to be complementary to those. Those are going to be really good solutions for certain markets, but they're going to want something when they roam beyond those markets. And that's really how Iridium has always been positioned in the IoT space. People don't know if you make a tracking device, an IoT tracking device, and you're using a standards-based solution, you don't know where it's going to end up in the world and you'd like if you're going to roam, to roam to someone who will be there no matter where you are and not a regional or an unreliable partner. So, I'm expecting that most of the mobile network operators will sign us up as a roaming partner and will roam to us or create some sort of messaging solutions around us that fit for their along with others for their customers.

Great. You've been doing this as long and longer than I in the satellite side, but you get the question a lot. Will these satellite solutions actually be a replacement for wireless?

Absolutely not. I reflect on my experiences from the early days of cellular technology in the 1G and 2G era. I've been part of the cellular industry since the late 1980s. There is no way that enough satellites can be launched to serve as a primary service or truly replace existing networks. While some of the larger satellite solutions, like those proposed by Starlink and AST, might offer alternatives in the future, they won't provide the same level of service as current cellular networks. These solutions may expand the coverage slightly, but they only represent a small increase in the overall cellular footprint. The cellular footprint might increase a little, but it won't grow significantly, and the majority of service worldwide will still rely on satellite technology rather than the kind of high-quality service expected from 5G or 6G devices.

Exactly. Good to hear that directly. Last one for me, you mentioned Satelles. Any other M&A out there as we think about that $1 billion service revenue targeting 2030? What other M&A opportunities might be out there?

So, that's a tricky thing to talk about obviously. I mean we do have aspirations that there could be things. Obviously, I've been pretty consistent about my strategy and it's to go after things we can do better than anyone else that takes advantage of our network, exploits the uniqueness of our L band spectrum and whatnot. And I think Satelles last year was a good example of that. There are some other ideas we have. I'll just leave it at that for now. I think they have to have good business cases and have to demonstrate to investors that they would be accretive, certainly to mid and long-term. And so that will be our criteria for selection.

The next question is from Hamed Khorsand with BWS. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. My first question is about the Satelles topic, which is part of the hosted payload. It experienced a sequential decline, so it isn't growing at a steady rate. What is your outlook for 2025, and what is the status regarding your projection of achieving $100 million in revenue for this?

So, yes, what I would say, Hamed, is that we did have a one-time non-recurring event in the prior year. While we don't break PMT out separately, we've seen good growth in that in 2024, and we expect that to continue in 2025 as well.

Okay. Is that going to be the main source of growth in your services guidance or are there other moving pieces?

No. So as you look at hosted payload and other, the biggest moving piece in there will be PNT. From quarter to quarter, there may be some other noise in there I would call it, but the biggest single factor in there will be PNT.

Okay. And my last question was, yes, go ahead.

I was just saying we didn't talk as much about PNT. We'll do that in future quarters because it's one of the most active areas in our business right now. Really, we're seeing a lot of new applications. We're seeing a lot of especially as we've expanded the geographical area in the sales team, and I'm really, really bullish about PNT for 2025 and 2026. I think it's on the trajectory where we're looking for it to be, and I think you'll see that pop out of that posted payload and other category in the future.

My final question was, what is the comfort level as far as cash balance, and what should we assume as far as your buyback activity is concerned?

So, I think like around an operational cash balance, I mean, we've talked in the past that, call it around $50 million to $60 million from quarter to quarter, I think we feel pretty comfortable operating with. That can obviously vary a bit, but certainly at a level of around $50 million we feel pretty comfortable. I think as you think about the repurchase activity, as we go through 2025 and beyond, I think the guardrails there will obviously be leverage, but also managing to that cash balance. So, as you think about '25, that's how I would think about it in terms of sizing.

The next question is from Colin Canfield with Cantor. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for the question. Could you maybe unpack a little bit directed device constellation plan? I know you had said beyond 2030 is kind of the marker there, but maybe talk a little bit about how any plans interact with your $3 billion free cash flow targets? And maybe you're fleshing out a little bit of recent moves with respect to capitalization of R&D. Thanks.

I'm sorry. I'm not sure I'm following the train of your question. You said D2D and then you said the 2030s or something like that. I don't know what you're referring to there.

Sure, sure. So, the concept is you guys reaffirmed the free cash flow target, right? The view that out into 2030 you'll generate $3 billion of free cash flow. And there was some movement within the quarter around kind of or we'll call it, look at the CapEx outlook with respect to capitalization of R&D. And so, the question is how the new constellation plans interact with that $3 billion cash flow target? Thanks.

So, it has nothing to do with new constellation plans. Those are things out beyond 2030 before we'd be spending money on a new constellation. The money we're spending right now that we're capitalizing where R&D is moving to capital is all software and ground-based hardware to implement Iridium NTN Direct or what we called Project Stardust. I mean, we have basically a software-based constellation and we are upgrading it, we're enhancing it, we're improving it, but we're not launching any new satellites. This is all software in the satellites and ground-based systems that's in conjunction with the work that chip manufacturers are doing to enhance the standard here. So, yes, we are investing a little bit more in the near-term. I think it's going to mitigate itself over time because once we're kind of done with that, that was an effort really in '24 and '25 as the sort of the maximum spend and that's a little bit why the CapEx went up a bit this year. I expect over time that that will kind of come back down a bit, but that's really investment into roaming hardware and standards-based kind of gateway, as well as just satellite software upgrades.

Got it. Okay. And then maybe unpacking the subscriber count mechanics a little bit. It seemed that the commentary suggested expansion beyond 2025 for revenue. So maybe just talk a little bit about the dynamics there that enable growth in that customer beyond 2025?

Yes, we are still observing strong activations from that customer, and this trend has been consistent. When they rolled out new pricing plans late in the third quarter, it changed how customers can maintain their service. They can no longer keep it for the entire year and only use it when they want. As a result, we anticipate some customers will deactivate, especially during the winter months in the Northern Hemisphere when usage decreases. We expect activations to increase again when the weather warms up, and more people are using their devices. This situation creates some volatility. Recently, we've had about 250,000 subscribers, which has been proportional to their growth. Some of these subscribers are transitioning out of our network, impacting our overall subscriber count. However, this will stabilize once the shift to monthly plans from annual plans is complete. The use of new devices and the investments being made have been very positive. They anticipate a growing active user base, which should lead to increased revenues as usage and the value of the network for these subscribers rise. However, we are experiencing a short-term anomaly as some seasonally inactive subscribers are filtered out of our numbers.

Got it. And then last one for me, but maybe across commercial and government customers, just discuss the kind of element of national security that's a factor within that, and how customers are thinking about the market in terms of subsidizing things that might be lower priced or higher priced when considering the importance of their, we'll call it national or network security? Thank you.

Yes. I'm not sure if you're referring to that article or whatever. Again, I don't think that's an issue whatsoever in terms of our customer. We have been working in the case of the U.S. government and many other governments of the world and have been embedded into so much part of the sort of the fabric of their solutions and are critical to sensors, etc. We've been standardized into the future of say BlueForce tracking or tracking things were a critical part of push-to-talk devices now to extend those beyond sort of regional solutions to global areas, where we're just involved in many different agencies, etc., and I don't see any changes to that right now. I think we're quite cost-effective or a great solution for that right now. We're not everything. For example, I do think for example, Starlink and the equivalent StarShield are going to be a great solution for them for broadband services. But again, it doesn't do what we do. And so, we're going to be very complementary in those. And I think we continue to expand our capabilities and support for many things going on there.

The next question is from Walter Piecyk with LightShed. Please go ahead.

Thanks, Matt. I first want to go back to, Rick's question on the $100 billion excuse me, the $1 billion revenue target in 2030. He framed that question as if acquisitions have to be a part of it to get to $1 billion. Is that true or would acquisitions be incremental to the $1 billion, 2030 revenue target?

When we made that target in 2023, everybody's reminding me it seems forever. Acquisitions were part of that and we implemented it with Satelles for example already. I sort of anticipated that, that could be part of it and we've even said Satelles will be $100 million. We didn't make it incremental at that point. It's possible that there would be incremental aspects if there were future acquisitions that we made, but we've been consistent in that Satelles was part of that and that's what we said at the time.

Okay. I guess I'm trying to ask the question this way. I mean, some analysts just forecast acquisitions and I guess we used to do that in the old days of Cisco because they would make regular acquisitions. But, like, if you're trying to come up with the value of the company today, I can't assume acquisitions are going to occur. I don't know what the price is going to be, how it can impact the capital structure. So, if I'm going to assume no acquisitions, should I not be assuming you hit $1 billion in revenue in 2030?

I mean, I don't think that's a bad assumption. I would tell you our internal plan is to make that $1 billion without additional acquisitions. So, it would be fair to say, if we make additional acquisitions, it would be incremental. I would expect it certainly wouldn't do one unless it was incremental to that, but yes.

Okay. And then on the government line, I think there was a reference in terms of the guidance at least for growth there. Maybe I may have misheard that, but I think you have a seven-year contract that's stepping down this year. So, is the anticipation that there's new business coming in that's going to offset that? Or are you going to be more heavily weighted in the first half of the year? And then we'll see a step down in the second half and that seven-year contract hits its kind of last three years?

There's been a consistent increase in that contract with no reductions. It runs through 2026 and is likely to be extended into 2027, with the final year expected at $110 million, showing some growth. We're currently discussing potential terms for a new contract, and we don't anticipate any reductions in that regard either.

It seems that overall growth will be steady throughout the year, although there may be a mention of lower margins. When considering the combination of higher revenue and lower margins for government, will there be growth in gross profit or potential contraction? What is the expected margin decrease this year for that segment in relation to gross profit contribution?

So, the margin comment was more in relation to equipment and that was just a one-time benefit that we got in 2024. I think as you think about equipment margins and we've talked about this as equipment revenue normalizes after what we've seen in 2022 and 2023. I think if you go back and look at prior equipment margins, you're probably in the ballpark of where we would expect to be. So that's not going to have a big impact.

It's really only equipment. Gross margins on service are extremely high and will remain extremely high. And as we grow revenues and the service revenue, it just expands our gross profit from margin.

Yes. Lastly, regarding Aireon, given your positive outlook, are you still holding a 27% equity stake? Is there a chance to increase that stake? Additionally, can you provide an overview of their current financial situation? Are they planning to enter the capital markets to raise funds, which could give us insight into how the market values them today?

That's a good question. I don't want to get too far ahead of them on this, but they are looking to recapitalize. There's a lot of discussions among the rest of the investor base about where the company is headed. They are approaching a point where there could be positive outcomes in terms of dividends or other cash flows for investors in a couple of years. Is it possible at the right price? I believe strongly in the future of Aireon and its potential to be an extremely high margin, high cash flow producer. We are currently a factor in that because they have to cover our hosting fees, and if we could resolve that alongside the other investors, I would gladly take a larger share because I believe it will pay off significantly in a couple of years.

The next question is from Greg Mesniaeff with Kingswood Capital Partners. Please go ahead.

Yes. Thank you for taking my question. I want to circle back to the question of increased seasonality that you talked about more than once so far. Do you see that being really to a large extent the function of your resellers, or is that a general customer trend that will continue over time? And assuming it is, what will be the impact on the pricing of annual plans if more customers opt for the monthly options? Thanks.

So, seasonality has always been a feature of a global network like ours, because there's more people and more activity in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere. There is more traffic in the Northern Hemisphere than Southern. And so, to the extent anybody is using our network on a periodic basis, for example, recreational users, they typically go more outside when it's warm, and so we've always seen our subscriber base sort of swell faster in the summer than the winter. In this specific case, that we were talking about, we're talking about one large customer, who has a lot of subscribers, who now suddenly can't be on annual plans anymore and have to go to monthly plans. And so, we're expecting that there are going to be more on those monthly plans in the summer than they are in the winter. That means it's going to be a bit more seasonality to our subscriber base. It doesn't really affect our revenues. They're going to continue. The overall kind of subscriber base. We think it's going to continue to expand. It's just going to look weird for a year while kind of everybody moves from being able to stay on an annual plan and not use the network to only really paying for the month that they use.

So, you don't foresee any impact on pricing of annual plans to create an incentive to minimize that seasonality?

No. I mean, this is just a retail strategy that a partner has chosen to use to kind of simplify, I think, their plans. They believe that obviously overall, they wouldn't do this unless this would continue to expand their overall subscriber base and usage on the network. They've been very good at doing that in previous years, so I trust that they know what they're doing there. So, I don't think this has anything to do with sort of pricing in general or anything. That's a different discussion entirely, and it certainly doesn't affect our relationship with them, which I said is fixed cost. We've done that together because as the portfolio expands, it just makes more it's a win-win for both of us.

The next question is from Mathieu Robilliard with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Yes. Good morning. Thank you for the presentation. I had a question about spectrum. So recently we've seen a transaction in the L band and I don't know if you looked at that opportunity or not, but I guess the question is broader. How do you feel about your spectrum assets? Clearly, it doesn't seem to be a constraint today, but maybe tomorrow, as you come up with a more powerful constellation with more capacity. So maybe if you could give us a bit of color on how you think about your spectrum position and going forward?

Yes. Obviously, we really value our spectrum position. It's global. Most countries support it. It's been the foundation of our growth. We've mined a lot more capacity out of our system over time and think with the right kind of network, when we start building it in the 2030s, we could mine a lot more capacity out of that existing spectrum position. So, there is no to us really requirement from our spectrum, particularly since we don't aspire, as you can tell, we're not a broadband player in general. We're more of a safety and mission-critical applications on the broadband side. So, with the kind of services that we do, we're expanding the PNT. PNT is kind of limited capacity into D2D, which is extremely efficient in capacity. We think we have plenty of capacity going way, way out there. That being said, if there was some aspect of more spectrum, I mean, that would allow the ability to consider new service areas perhaps etc. We're always open to that. We've talked to a number of others about partnerships or other aspects of it and we remain open to that. But most people are extremely proud of their spectrum assets that they believe that they acquired, that they got for free and they're trying to monetize in some ways. And so there really isn't anything right now we're looking at and certainly wouldn't acquire spectrum just for the sake of acquiring spectrum.

That's very clear. And if I can follow-up on spectrum, as you've showed, the L band has some really valuable attributes for quite a number of customers, very reliable notably. But I was wondering, when we look at the pace of innovation in the sector currently, whether that unique attribute can be competed away by more powerful satellites, for example, that make the signal even in other bands very secure. I realize there's a lot of regulatory approval. I mean, you don't put something in the cockpit without lots of testing and these things take time, but I wonder how to think about that going forward?

Yes, that's a complicated long. I'd be glad to spend more time with you on that. L band is unique. It is sort of able to be used in regulated safety services. There's reasons for that because of its primary allocation; we control completely that spectrum where, for example, Ka and Ku are shared bands and have to be and are not primary use traditionally. There's also a lot of other reasons why you wouldn't want to mix safety and non-safety services. So, you know while there's some that would love to they offer their broadband pipes for example for safety services for the cockpit, it's just really unlikely that's going to happen that that firewall is going to be breached or that regulatory agencies would move in those kind of directions. So, L band is a really important frequency. Obviously, we have our allocation is really critical to us, but I really don't think you're going to see anything certainly over the next 10 to 15 years in that in some other areas kind of upending its unique capabilities. And obviously, we're doubling down to take advantage of those.

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to management for any closing remarks.

Vince, good job for your first one. You're over that. Thanks everybody for joining us and glad to answer further questions over time. Take care. Thanks guys.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.