Jowell Global Ltd 20-F for FY2024
Jowell Global Ltd. (JWEL)
About this 20-F
Jowell Global Ltd filed this 20-F on May 9, 2025, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (FY2024).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $132.98M
- down 16.9% from $160.01M a year earlier
- Net loss
- $7.96M
- compared with a net loss of $11.47M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$3.69
- compared with -$5.38 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
OR
For the fiscal year ended
OR
For the transition period from _________ to _________.
OR
Date of event requiring this shell company report:
Commission file number:
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
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(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
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(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
As of December 31, 2024, there were
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well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
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of 1934. Yes ☐
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(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
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232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
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| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company that prepares its
financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition
period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange
Act.
| † | The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. |
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12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
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| ☒ | ☐ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board | ☐ Other |
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
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(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☐
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
Introduction
In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless otherwise indicated, “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company”, “Jowell”, “Registrant” and “JWEL” refer to Jowell Global Ltd., a company organized in the Cayman Islands, its predecessor entities, its subsidiaries, variable interest entity and the subsidiaries of the consolidated variable interest entity.
Unless indicated otherwise, references to:
| ● | “China” or the “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau for the purposes of this report only. |
| ● | “EIT” are to PRC enterprise income tax; |
| ● | “Jowell Global,” “we,” “us,” “our company,” and “our” are to Jowell Global Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability, and its subsidiary and consolidated entity; |
| ● | “Jowell Tech” or “Jowell HK” are to Jowell Technology Limited, which was incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on June 24, 2019 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Jowell Global; |
| ● | “MOFCOM” are to the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC; |
| ● | “Ordinary Share(s)” are to our ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0016 per share; |
| ● | “Preferred Share(s)” are to our preferred shares with a par value of US$0.0016 per share; |
| ● | “RMB” and “Renminbi” refer to the legal currency of China; |
| ● | “SAFE” are to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange; |
| ● | “Shanghai Jowell” and “WFOE” are to Shanghai Jowell Technology Co., Ltd. a wholly foreign-owned entity (“WFOE”) incorporated by Jowell Tech under the laws of the People’s Republic of China on October 15, 2019; |
| ● | “Shanghai Juhao” are to Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated on July 31, 2012 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China, which is our variable interest entity that carries out our main business operations in China; |
| ● | “Shanghai Lianfu” are to Shanghai Lianfu Information Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated on April 13, 2023 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE. |
| ● |
“Baotou Juhaoyuan” are to Baotou Juhaoyuan Trading Co., Ltd., incorporated on September 5, 2024 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China, which is 55% owned subsidiary of WFOE.
| |
| ● | “US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$” and “dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States; and |
| ● | “VIE” are to variable interest entity. |
Our business is primarily conducted in China, an all of our revenues are received and denominated in RMB. RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. On December 31, 2024, the exchange rate was RMB 1 to $0.1391 which is the intermediate exchange rate announced by the People’s Bank of China.
We completed an initial public offering of our ordinary shares at an initial offering price of US$7.00 per share on March 19, 2021. Our ordinary shares, par value US$0.0016 per share currently, are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “JWEL”.
ii
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that represent our beliefs, projections and predictions about future events. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements,” including any projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items, any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, any statements concerning proposed new projects or other developments, any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, any statements of management’s beliefs, goals, strategies, intentions and objectives, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “would”, “predicts”, “potential”, “continue”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “future”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “estimates” and similar expressions, as well as statements in the future tense, identify forward-looking statements.
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:
| ● | our goals and strategies; |
| ● | our future business development, financial conditions and results of operations; |
| ● | the expected growth of the online cosmetic products, health and nutritional products and other consumer products marketplace in China; |
| ● | Inflation and fluctuations in interest rates; |
| ● | our expectations as to increase of consumers and users of our platform; |
| ● | our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services; |
| ● | our expectations regarding our relationships with suppliers and logistic companies; |
| ● | competition in our industry; |
| ● | relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry; and |
| ● | impact of any potential new variants or outbreaks of COVID-19 on our business and financial conditions. |
These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Risk Factors” and other sections in this report. You should thoroughly read this report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
This report contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. Our industry may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this market to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of our ordinary shares. In addition, the rapidly changing nature of online cosmetic products, health and nutritional products and other consumer products marketplace results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this report and the documents that we refer to in this report and any exhibits filed in this report, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
iii
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
Our Holding Company Structure and Contractual Arrangements with the Consolidated VIE and Its Individual Shareholders in China
We are a Cayman Islands holding company without material operations and our business is conducted by our variable interest entity (“VIE”) in China and this structure involves unique risks to investors. We are not a Chinese operating company and that our business in China is conducted through contractual arrangements with the VIE. However, the VIE agreements have not been truly tested in the courts in China. Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of our securities, including that it could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors— “If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to the consolidated variable interest entities do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.” and “Uncertainties and quick change in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations with little advance notice could result in a material and negative impact on our business operations, decrease the value of our securities and limit the legal protections available to you and us.”
1
There are legal and operational risks associated with being based in and having our operations in China. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued an announcement to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws. On February 15, 2022, Cybersecurity Review Measures published by Cyberspace Administration of China or the CAC, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, People’s Bank of China, State Administration of Radio and Television, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Secrecy Administration and State Cryptography Administration became effective, which provides that, Critical Information Infrastructure Operators (“CIIOs”) that intend to purchase internet products and services and Online Platform Operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security shall be subject to the cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office. On September 24, 2024, the State Council published the Administration Measures for Cyber Date Security, or the “Cyber Data Security Measure”, which requires cyber data processors to file a national security review if their cyber data processing activities affect or may affect national security. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC released the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which became effective on March 31, 2023 and provide that a domestic company that seeks to offer and list its securities in a overseas market shall strictly abide by applicable PRC laws and regulations, enhance legal awareness of keeping state secrets and strengthening archives administration, institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration system, and take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations. On July 7, 2022, CAC promulgated the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer, effective on September 1, 2022, which requires the data processors to apply for data cross-border security assessment coordinated by the CAC under the following circumstances: (i) any data processor transfers important data to overseas; (ii) any critical information infrastructure operator or data processor who processes personal information of over 1 million people provides personal information to overseas; (iii) any data processor who provides personal information to overseas and has already provided personal information of more than 100,000 people or sensitive personal information of more than 10,000 people to overseas since January 1st of the previous year; and (iv) other circumstances under which the data cross-border transfer security assessment is required as prescribed by the CAC. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the “New Overseas Listing Rules”) with five interpretive guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with relevant governmental authorities and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making an overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing before effective date of the new rules and completes such offering or listing before September 30, 2023 is considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to the CSRC within 3 working days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in administrative penalties such as order to rectify, warnings and a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines and may be barred from entering the securities market. As of the date of this report, these new laws and guidelines have not impacted the Company’s ability to conduct its business, accept foreign investments, or list and trade on a U.S. or other foreign exchange other than the filing requirement with CSRC within three business days after we make any oversea securities offering under New Overseas Listing Rules. As advised by our PRC counsel, Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm, our offerings will be subject to the New Overseas Listing Rules. However, there are uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of these new laws and guidelines, which could materially and adversely impact our business and financial outlook and may impact our ability to accept foreign investments or continue to list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. Any change in foreign investment regulations, and other policies in China or related enforcement actions by China government could result in a material change in our operations and the value of our securities and could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer our securities to investors or cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. In accordance with the HFCA Act, trading in securities of any registrant on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States may be prohibited if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate the registrant’s auditor for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, and, as a result, an exchange may determine to delist the securities of such registrant. On December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”) was signed into law by President Biden, which has shortened the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act’s timeline for a potential trading prohibition from three years to two years, thus reducing the time period before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted if our auditor is unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement. The Company’s current auditor is headquartered in the Singapore and it is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022, and Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and related regulations currently do not affect the Company as the Company’s auditor is subject to PCAOB’s inspection.
2
Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations
Shanghai Juhao is incorporated and operating in mainland China and they have received all required permissions from Chinese authorities to operate its current business in China, including Business License, EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Certificate, Retail License for Alcoholic Products, Food Business License and International Trade Business Filing Form. Other than these permits, the VIE is not required to obtain permit and approval from Chinese authorities to operate our business. We, our subsidiaries, or VIE are not covered by permissions requirements from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) or any other governmental agency that is required to approve the VIE’s business and operations. As the VIE operates an e-commerce platforms for online-to-offline sales of cosmetics, health and nutritional supplements and household products in China and our products and services do not pose national security risks, based on the advice of our PRC counsel Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm, we are not subject to the report requirement under Cybersecurity Review Measures published by Cyberspace Administration of China, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, People’s Bank of China, State Administration of Radio and Television, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Secrecy Administration and State Cryptography Administration on December 28, 2021, which became effective on February 15, 2022.
As of the date of this report, we (1) are not required to obtain permissions from any PRC authorities to issue our securities to foreign investors except for the filing requirement under New Overseas Listing Rules, (2) are not subject to permission requirements from China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”), Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) or any other authority that is required to approve of the VIE’s operations, and (3) have not received or were denied such permissions by any PRC authorities. Nevertheless, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Given the current PRC regulatory environment, it is uncertain when and whether we, WFOE, VIE or their subsidiaries, will be required to obtain permission from the PRC government to be listed on a U.S. exchange in the future, and even when such permission is obtained, whether it will be rescinded. If we, our subsidiaries, or the VIE do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, it could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
Dividend Distribution and Cash Transfer Between the Holding Company, Subsidiaries and VIE.
We, through the VIE, operates an e-commerce platform for cosmetics, health and nutritional supplements and household products e-commerce platform in China. The VIE also sells our products through authorized retail stores all across China. Operating under the brand name of “Love Home Store” or “LHH Store”, the authorized retailers may operate as independent stores or store-in-shop (an integrated store), selling products that they purchased through our online platform LHH Mall under their retailers’ accounts which provide them with major discounts. The VIE also sells products through its “Juhao Best Choice” community group-buying stores in China.
The VIE receives its revenue in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, the Company may rely on certain dividend payments from our WFOE in China. Our WFOE receives payments from VIE, pursuant to the VIE Agreements. WFOE may make distribution of such payments to Jowell HK as dividends.
Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Therefore, our WFOE is able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior approval from SAFE, subject to the condition that the remittance of such dividends outside of the PRC complies with certain procedures under PRC foreign exchange regulations, such as the overseas investment registrations by the shareholders of the Company who are PRC residents. Approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is, however, required where the RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. For our Hong Kong subsidiary and the holding company (“Non-PRC Entities”), there is no restrictions on foreign exchange for such entities and they are able to transfer cash among these entities, across borders and to US investors. Also, there is no restrictions and limitations on the abilities of Non-PRC Entities to distribute earnings from their businesses, including from subsidiaries to the parent company or from the holding company to the U.S. investors as well as the abilities to settle amounts owed.
3
We are a holding company, and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their abilities to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Current PRC regulations permit our WFOE to pay dividends to the Company only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our WFOE, its subsidiary and VIE in China are required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each such entity in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation. In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and the governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax resident. Pursuant to the tax agreement between mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10%. However, if the relevant tax authorities determine that our transactions or arrangements are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the reduced 5% withholding rate will apply to dividends received by our Hong Kong subsidiary from our PRC subsidiaries. This withholding tax will reduce the amount of dividends we may receive from our PRC subsidiary.
As of the date of this report, neither WFOE, its subsidiary nor any of our subsidiary in Hong Kong has made any dividends or distributions to the Company, the Company has not made any dividends or distribution to its investors. We intend to keep any future earnings to re-invest in and finance the expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. Under the Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or share premium amount, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business. We currently do not have cash management policies and procedures in place that dictate how funds are transferred through our organization. Rather, the funds can be transferred in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
As of the date of this report, no dividends or distributions have been made between the holding company, its subsidiaries, and consolidated VIE, or to investors including the U.S. investors, except the VIE Shanghai Juhao made a cash dividend of $1.6 million to its shareholders in July 2019.
The holding company, its subsidiaries, and VIE do not have any plan to distribute dividend or settle amounts owed under the VIE Agreements in the foreseeable future. The cash transfer among the holding company, its subsidiaries and VIE is typically transferred through payment for intercompany services or intercompany borrowing between holding company, subsidiaries and VIE.
Selected Condensed Consolidated Financial Schedule of the Company and Its Subsidiaries and VIE
Set forth below is selected consolidating statements of loss and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and selected balance sheet information as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 showing financial information for the Company (excluding the VIE), the VIE, eliminating entries and consolidated information.
4
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024
| JWEL | HK subsidiary |
Elimination | Total outside PRC |
WFOE | VIE | Elimination | Total inside PRC |
Elimination | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | 20,661 | 16,057 | - | 36,718 | 4,264 | 2,143,938 | - | 2,148,202 | - | 2,184,920 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivable - intercompany | - | 2,835,000 | - | 2,835,000 | 5,909,287 | - | - | 5,909,287 | (8,744,287 | )(e2) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivable - VIE | 2,754,618 | - | - | 2,754,618 | 29,753,629 | - | (29,753,629 | )(b)(e1) | - | (2,754,618 | )(e3) | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 2,775,279 | 2,851,057 | - | 5,626,336 | 35,761,584 | 17,497,021 | (29,753,629 | ) | 23,504,976 | (11,498,905 | ) | 17,632,407 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in subsidiaries and VIE | 20,577,070 | 27,832,091 | (26,154,115 | )(a) | 22,255,046 | 47,090 | - | (47,090 | )(d) | - | (22,255,046 | )(c) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | 23,352,349 | 30,683,148 | (26,154,115 | ) | 27,881,382 | 35,808,674 | 25,711,945 | (29,800,719 | ) | 31,719,900 | (33,753,951 | ) | 25,847,331 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other payable - intercompany | - | 4,418,233 | - | 4,418,233 | - | 36,711,408 | (48,924,061 | )(e1) | (12,212,653 | ) | 7,794,420 | (c)(e3) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other payable - VIE | 5,909,287 | - | - | 5,909,287 | - | - | - | - | (5,909,287 | )(e) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 6,438,168 | 4,529,033 | - | 10,967,201 | 169,590 | 43,316,299 | (48,924,061 | ) | (5,438,172 | ) | 1,885,133 | 7,414,162 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 6,438,168 | 4,529,033 | - | 10,967,201 | 169,590 | 44,836,358 | (48,924,061 | ) | (3,918,113 | ) | 1,885,133 | 8,934,221 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Jowell Global Ltd. Stockholders’ Equity | 16,914,181 | 26,154,115 | (26,154,115 | )(a) | 16,914,181 | 35,639,084 | (19,123,342 | ) | 19,123,342 | (b) | 35,639,084 | (35,639,084 | )(c) | 16,914,181 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | - | - | (1,071 | ) | - | (1,071 | ) | - | (1,071 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Equity | 16,914,181 | 26,154,115 | (26,154,115 | ) | 16,914,181 | 35,639,084 | (19,124,413 | ) | 19,123,342 | 35,638,013 | (35,639,084 | ) | 16,913,110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | 23,352,349 | 30,683,148 | (26,154,115 | ) | 27,881,382 | 35,808,674 | 25,711,945 | (29,800,719 | ) | 31,719,900 | (33,753,951 | ) | 25,847,331 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | to eliminate holding company’s investment of subsidiaries outside PRC. |
| (b) | to eliminate receivable as result of contractual agreement between WFOE and VIE. |
| (c) | to eliminate holding company’s investment in WFOE. |
| (d) | to eliminate WFOE’s investment in VIE. |
| (e) | to eliminate intercompany balances: |
| Due from | Due to | Amount | ||||||
| (1) WFOE | VIE | $ | 48,924,061 | intercompany balances as a result of intercompany revenue | ||||
| (2) WFOE | JWEL and HK Subsidiary | $ | 8,744,287 | intercompany balance | ||||
| (3) JWEL and HK Subsidiary | VIE | $ | 2,754,618 | intercompany balance | ||||
5
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024
| JWEL | HK subsidiary | Elimination | Total outside PRC | WFOE | VIE | Elimination | Total inside PRC | Elimination | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Net Revenues | - | $ | 891,505 | - | $ | 891,505 | $ | 3,677,603 | $ | 132,090,026 | $ | (3,677,603 | )(d) | $ | 132,090,026 | - | $ | 132,981,531 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | (579,382 | ) | (904,040 | ) | - | (1,483,422 | ) | (3,966,326 | ) | (139,298,705 | ) | 3,677,603 | (d) | (139,587,428 | ) | - | (141,070,850 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss From Operations | (579,382 | ) | (12,535 | ) | - | (591,917 | ) | (288,723 | ) | (7,208,679 | ) | - | (7,497,402 | ) | - | (8,089,319 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Income (Expense), net | (1,466 | ) | (2,352 | ) | - | (3,818 | ) | 1,847 | 116,722 | - | 118,569 | - | 114,751 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes Expense | - | - | - | - | - | (28,076 | ) | - | (28,076 | ) | - | (28,076 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from VIE | - | - | - | - | (7,120,033 | ) | - | 7,120,033 | (b) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from subsidiaries | (7,421,796 | ) | (7,406,909 | ) | 7,406,909 | (a) | (7,421,796 | ) | - | - | - | - | 7,421,796 | (c) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (8,002,644 | ) | (7,421,796 | ) | 7,406,909 | (8,017,531 | ) | (7,406,909 | ) | (7,120,033 | ) | 7,120,033 | (7,406,909 | ) | 7,421,796 | (8,002,644 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | - | - | (38,485 | ) | - | (38,485 | ) | - | (38,485 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Ordinary Shareholders of Jowell Global Ltd. | $ | (8,002,644 | ) | $ | (7,421,796 | ) | $ | 7,406,909 | $ | (8,017,531 | ) | $ | (7,406,909 | ) | $ | (7,081,548 | ) | $ | 7,120,033 | $ | (7,368,424 | ) | $ | 7,421,796 | $ | (7,964,159 | ) | |||||||||||||
| (a) | to eliminate net loss by HK subsidiary. |
| (b) | to eliminate net loss by WFOE. |
| (c) | to eliminate net loss by JWEL. |
| (d) | to eliminate revenue and expenses for services provided by the WFOE to VIE. |
6
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024
| JWEL | HK subsidiary |
Elimination | Total outside PRC |
WFOE | VIE | Elimination | Total inside PRC |
Elimination | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (273,849 | ) | $ | (14,886 | ) | - | $ | (288,735 | ) | $ | (84,206 | ) | $ | 1,163,125 | - | $ | 1,078,919 | - | $ | 790,184 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 290,910 | 26,000 | - | 316,910 | 133,011 | (123,961 | ) | (133,011 | ) | (a)(b) | (123,961 | ) | (316,910 | )(c) | (123,961 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | - | - | - | - | 238 | (542,349 | ) | 133,011 | (a)(b) | (409,100 | ) | 391,101 | (c) | (17,999 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | - | - | - | - | (45,489 | ) | 406,095 | - | 360,606 | (74,191 | )(c) | 286,415 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase in cash and restricted cash | 17,061 | 11,114 | - | 28,175 | 3,554 | 902,910 | - | 906,464 | - | 934,639 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, beginning of year | 3,600 | 4,943 | - | 8,543 | 711 | 1,241,027 | - | 1,241,738 | - | 1,250,281 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, end of year | $ | 20,661 | $ | 16,057 | $ | - | $ | 36,718 | $ | 4,265 | $ | 2,143,937 | $ | - | $ | 2,148,202 | $ | - | ) | $ | 2,184,920 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | to eliminate WFOE’s investment in VIE |
| (b) | to eliminated intercompany borrowing between WFOE and VIE |
| (c) | to eliminated HK subsidiary investment in WFOE |
7
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023
| JWEL | HK subsidiary | Elimination | Total outside PRC | WFOE | VIE | Elimination | Total inside PRC | Elimination | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | 3,600 | 4,943 | - | 8,543 | 711 | 1,241,027 | - | 1,241,738 | - | 1,250,281 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivable - intercompany | - | - | - | - | 5,909,287 | - | - | 5,909,287 | (5,909,287 | )(e2) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivable - VIE | 3,045,528 | - | - | 3,045,528 | 26,764,156 | - | (26,764,156 | )(b)(e1) | - | (3,045,528 | )(e3) | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 3,049,128 | 4,943 | - | 3,054,071 | 32,797,258 | 26,530,156 | (26,764,156 | ) | 32,563,258 | (8,954,815 | ) | 26,662,514 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in subsidiaries and VIE | 28,283,774 | 24,506,138 | (22,843,048 | )(a) | 29,946,864 | 11,789 | - | (11,789 | )(d) | - | (29,946,864 | )(c) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | 31,332,902 | 24,511,081 | (22,843,048 | ) | 33,000,935 | 32,809,047 | 35,165,569 | (26,775,945 | ) | 41,198,671 | (38,901,679 | ) | 35,297,927 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other payable - intercompany | - | 1,557,233 | - | 1,557,233 | - | 34,130,838 | (35,501,623 | )(e1) | (1,370,785 | ) | (186,448 | )(c)(e3) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other payable - VIE | 5,909,287 | - | - | 5,909,287 | - | - | - | - | (5,909,287 | )(e) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 6,131,168 | 1,668,033 | - | 7,799,201 | 3,103 | 42,847,427 | (35,501,623 | ) | 7,348,907 | (6,095,735 | ) | 9,052,373 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 6,131,168 | 1,668,033 | - | 7,799,201 | 3,103 | 43,879,662 | (35,501,623 | ) | 8,381,142 | (6,095,735 | ) | 10,084,608 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Jowell Global Ltd. Stockholders’ Equity | 25,201,734 | 22,843,048 | (22,843,048 | )(a) | 25,201,734 | 32,805,944 | (8,725,678 | ) | 8,725,678 | (b) | 32,805,944 | (32,805,944 | )(c) | 25,201,734 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | - | - | 11,585 | - | 11,585 | - | 11,585 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Equity | 25,201,734 | 22,843,048 | (22,843,048 | ) | 25,201,734 | 32,805,944 | (8,714,093 | ) | 8,725,678 | 32,817,529 | (32,805,944 | ) | 25,213,319 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | 31,332,902 | 24,511,081 | (22,843,048 | ) | 33,000,935 | 32,809,047 | 35,165,569 | (26,775,945 | ) | 41,198,671 | (38,901,679 | ) | 35,297,927 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | to eliminate holding company’s investment of subsidiaries outside PRC. |
| (b) | to eliminate receivable as result of contractual agreement between WFOE and VIE. |
| (c) | to eliminate holding company’s investment in WFOE. |
| (d) | to eliminate WFOE’s investment in VIE. |
| (e) | to eliminate intercompany balances: |
| Due from | Due to | Amount | ||||||
| (1) WFOE | VIE | $ | 35,501,623 | intercompany balances as a result of intercompany revenue | ||||
| (2) WFOE | JWEL and HK Subsidiary | $ | 5,909,287 | intercompany balance | ||||
| (3) JWEL and HK Subsidiary | VIE | $ | 3,045,528 | intercompany balance | ||||
8
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023
| JWEL | HK subsidiary | Elimination | Total outside PRC | WFOE | VIE | Elimination | Total inside PRC | Elimination | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Net Revenues | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 16,943,701 | $ | 160,009,293 | $ | (16,943,701 | )(d) | $ | 160,009,293 | $ | - | $ | 160,009,293 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | (596,098 | ) | (192,492 | ) | - | (788,590 | ) | (16,959,873 | ) | (170,094,956 | ) | 16,943,701 | (d) | (170,111,128 | ) | - | (170,899,718 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income From Operations | (596,098 | ) | (192,492 | ) | - | (788,590 | ) | (16,172 | ) | (10,085,663 | ) | - | (10,101,835 | ) | - | (10,890,425 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Income (Expense), net | - | 1,519 | - | 1,519 | (27,333 | ) | (468,578 | ) | - | (495,911 | ) | - | (494,392 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes Expense | - | - | - | - | - | (135,116 | ) | - | (135,116 | ) | - | (135,116 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from VIE | - | - | - | - | (10,689,357 | ) | - | 10,689,357 | (b) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from subsidiaries | (10,923,835 | ) | (10,732,862 | ) | 10,732,862 | (a) | (10,923,835 | ) | - | - | - | - | 10,923,835 | (c) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (11,519,933 | ) | (10,923,835 | ) | 10,732,862 | (11,710,906 | ) | (10,732,862 | ) | (10,689,357 | ) | 10,689,357 | (10,732,862 | ) | 10,923,835 | (11,519,933 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | - | - | (52,791 | ) | - | (52,791 | ) | - | (52,791 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Ordinary Shareholders of Jowell Global Ltd. | $ | (11,519,933 | ) | $ | (10,923,835 | ) | $ | 10,732,862 | $ | (11,710,906 | ) | $ | (10,732,862 | ) | $ | (10,636,566 | ) | $ | 10,689,357 | $ | (10,680,071 | ) | $ | 10,923,835 | $ | (11,467,142 | ) | |||||||||||||
| (a) | to eliminate net loss by HK subsidiary. |
| (b) | to eliminate net loss by WFOE. |
| (c) | to eliminate net loss by JWEL. |
| (d) | to eliminate revenue and expenses for services provided by the WFOE to VIE. |
9
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023
| JWEL | HK subsidiary | Elimination | Total outside PRC | WFOE | VIE | Elimination | Total inside PRC | Elimination | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (466,408 | ) | $ | (190,973 | ) | $ | - | $ | (657,381 | ) | $ | (58,097 | ) | $ | (12,776,353 | ) | $ | - | $ | (12,834,450 | ) | $ | - | $ | (13,491,831 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 109,959 | (3,000,000 | ) | - | (2,890,041 | ) | (2,973,301 | ) | (42,383 | ) | 2,973,301 | (a)(b) | (42,383 | ) | 2,890,041 | (c) | (42,383 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 190,500 | 110,800 | - | 301,300 | 2,954,574 | 928,259 | (2,973,301 | )(a)(b) | 909,532 | (2,843,817 | )(c) | (1,632,985 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | - | - | - | - | (17,265 | ) | (237,133 | ) | - | (254,398 | ) | (46,224 | )(c) | (300,622 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash and restricted cash | (165,949 | ) | (3,080,173 | ) | - | (3,246,122 | ) | (94,089 | ) | (12,127,610 | ) | - | (12,221,699 | ) | - | (15,467,821 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year | 169,549 | 3,085,116 | - | 3,254,665 | 94,800 | 13,368,637 | - | 13,463,437 | - | 16,718,102 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, end of year | $ | 3,600 | $ | 4,943 | $ | - | $ | 8,543 | $ | 711 | $ | 1,241,027 | $ | - | $ | 1,241,738 | $ | - | $ | 1,250,281 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | to eliminate WFOE’s investment in VIE |
| (b) | to eliminated intercompany borrowing between WFOE and VIE |
| (c) | to eliminated HK subsidiary investment in WFOE |
3.A. [Reserved]
3.B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not Applicable.
3.C. Reasons For The Offer And Use Of Proceeds
Not Applicable.
3.D. Risk Factors
An investment in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” before you decide to invest in our ordinary shares. We are a holding company with substantial operations in China and are subject to a legal and regulatory environment that in many respects differs from the United States. If any of the following risks, or any other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
10
Summary of Risk Factors
An investment in our ordinary shares involves significant risks. Below is a summary of material risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.
Risks Related to Our Business
| ● | We historically have received a substantial part of our supplies from our related party suppliers, which might cause conflict of interest between the Company and such suppliers. |
| ● | We rely on a limited number of vendors, and the loss of our significant vendor could harm our business, and the loss of any one of such vendors could have a material adverse effect on our business. |
| ● | If we become subject to additional scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed China-based companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations and our reputation and could result in a loss of your investment in our Ordinary Shares, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. |
| ● | We face fierce competition in the health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic markets in China. We may not be able to keep pace with competition in our industry, which could adversely affect our market share and result in a decrease in our future sales and earnings. |
| ● | We use third-party logistics and express delivery companies to complete and deliver orders placed on our platform. If these logistics and express companies fail to provide reliable and timely delivery services, our business and reputation, as well as our financial situation and operating results, may be adversely affected. |
| ● | Internet or network system limitations or failures could harm our business. |
| ● | If we fail to adopt new technologies or adapt our website, mobile application and systems to changing customer requirements or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | If counterfeit products are sold on our internet platform, our reputation and financial results could be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | We may be subject to product liability claims if our customers are harmed by the products sold on our internet platform. |
| ● | We collect, process and use data, some of which contain personal information. Any privacy or data security breach could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations |
| ● | We face risks related to health epidemics, severe weather conditions and other outbreaks. |
| ● | The relative lack of public company experience of our management team may put us at a competitive disadvantage. |
11
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
| ● | If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to the consolidated variable interest entities do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. |
| ● | We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE for our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control. |
| ● | Any failure by the consolidated VIE or their shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business. |
| ● | The shareholders of the consolidated VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. |
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
| ● | Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. |
| ● | Uncertainties and quick change in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations with little advance notice could result in a material and negative impact our business operations, decrease the value of our securities and limit the legal protections available to you and us. |
| ● | Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to you and us. |
| ● | Because we are a Cayman Islands corporation and all of our business is conducted in the PRC, you may be unable to bring an action against us or our officers and directors or to enforce any judgment you may obtain. It may also be difficult for you or overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China. |
Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
| ● | Our dual-class share structure with different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial. |
| ● | Our Ordinary Shares may be thinly traded and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares. |
| ● | We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. |
| ● | Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you may have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer. |
12
Risks Related to Our Business
We historically have received a substantial part of our supplies from our related party suppliers, which might cause conflict of interest between the Company and such suppliers.
Historically, a substantial part of our supplies came from the Longrich Group, a related party. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Longrich Group accounted for approximately 14% and 20% of the total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, this proportion is 26%. Longrich Group is controlled by Mr. Zhiwei Xu, a major shareholder of the Company.
Although we believe our transactions with the related parties are negotiated independently on the basis of a fair market value determination, transactions with the entities in which related parties hold ownership interests present potential for conflicts of interest, as the interests of these entities and their shareholders may not align with the interests of the Company and our shareholders with respect to the negotiation of, and certain other matters related to, our purchase products and services from such entities. Conflicts of interest may also arise in connection with the exercise of contractual remedies under these transactions, such as the treatment of events of default.
Our Board of Directors has authorized the Audit Committee to review and approve all related-party transaction. We rely on the laws of Cayman Islands, which provide that directors owe a duty of care and a duty of loyalty to our company. Nevertheless, we may have achieved more favorable terms if such transactions had not been entered into with related parties and these transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations or may result in government enforcement actions or other litigation.
We rely on a limited number of vendors, and the loss of our significant vendor could harm our business, and the loss of any one of such vendors could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We consider our major vendors to be those vendors that accounted for more than 10% of overall purchases in any given fiscal period. For the year ended December 31, 2024, two major suppliers, the Longrich Group and a third-party supplier, accounted for approximately 26% and 16% of the total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, two major suppliers, the Longrich Group and a third-party supplier, accounted for approximately 20% and 11% of the total purchases, respectively. We have not entered into long-term contracts with this significant vendor and instead rely on individual orders with such vendor. Although we believe that we can locate replacement vendors readily on the market for prevailing prices, any difficulty in replacing a vendor on terms acceptable to us could negatively affect our performance to the extent it results in higher prices or a slower supply chain. If we lose any or all of them, or any of them increase the prices or change the terms of the business they do with us, our sales may be adversely affected.
If we become subject to additional scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed China-based companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations and our reputation and could result in a loss of your investment in our Ordinary Shares, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably.
Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in some cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S.-listed China-based companies has decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies have been subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and have conducted internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on us, our business. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our company. This situation may be a major distraction to our management. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, our business operations will be severely hindered and your investment in our Ordinary Shares could be rendered worthless.
13
We face fierce competition in the health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic markets in China. We may not be able to keep pace with competition in our industry, which could adversely affect our market share and result in a decrease in our future sales and earnings.
The competition in the national health and nutritional supplements and cosmetics markets of the China is fierce. We compete primarily on the basis of our technology, comprehensive customer service and brand recognition. Our competitors may compete with us in the following ways:
| ● | provide products and services that are similar to ours, or that are more attractive to customers than ours; |
| ● | provide products and services we do not offer; |
| ● | offer aggressive rebates to gain market share and to promote their businesses; |
| ● | adapt at a faster rate to market conditions, new technologies and customer demands; |
| ● | offer better, faster and more reliable technology; and |
| ● | market, promote and provide their services more effectively. |
Our main competitors include health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic retail companies, including traditional offline retail stores, social e-commerce platforms, general business to consumers, or B2C, platforms and traditional distributors, as well as online platforms specialized in health and nutritional supplements or cosmetics. These companies may have much more financial, technological, R&D, marketing, distribution, retail and other resources than we do. They may also have a longer operating history, a larger customer base or a wider and deeper market coverage. In addition, when we expand to other markets, we will face competition from new domestic or foreign competitors, which may also enter our current market.
Although we do not compete against other platforms, products and service providers solely based on prices, if our competitors offer their products and services at lower prices, we may be forced to provide aggressive discounts or rebates to our customers and our revenue may decrease.
In addition, in recent years, with the emergence of new internet business model and new retail industry, the low-price strategy of e-commerce has led to greater pricing pressure. If this trend continues, it may lead to further competitive pressure on prices. The new partnership and strategic alliance in the health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic industries will also change market dynamics, which may adversely affect our business and competitive position.
Technologies adopted by us and our competitors are developing rapidly, and new developments often lead to price competition, outdated products and changes in market patterns. Any significant increase in competition could have a significant negative impact on our revenue and profitability, as well as on our business and prospects. We cannot assure you that we will be able to constantly distinguish our products and services from our competitors, maintain and improve our relationship with different participants in health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic industries, or increase or even maintain our existing market share. We may lose market share. If we cannot compete effectively, our financial situation and operating results may deteriorate seriously.
We use third-party logistics and express delivery companies to complete and deliver orders placed on our platform. If these logistics and express companies fail to provide reliable and timely delivery services, our business and reputation, as well as our financial situation and operating results, may be adversely affected.
We have contractual arrangements with a number of third-party logistic companies to deliver our products to our customers. We also use them to deliver products from our fulfillment centers to delivery stations or to deliver bulk commodity products. The interruption or failure of these third-party delivery services may hinder timely or correct delivery of our products to our consumers. These disruptions may be caused by events beyond our control or those beyond the control of delivery companies, such as bad weather, natural disasters, pandemic, transportation disruptions or labor unrest. We may not be able to find replacement delivery companies in a short period of time to provide timely and reliable delivery services, or we may not find them at all. Our business and reputation may be affected if the product is not delivered in proper conditions or on time.
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For our direct sales business, we manage inventory and delivery products with our own integrated processing system. For third party merchant business, many of third-party sellers who sell their products on our platform use their own facilities to store products and use their own or third-party delivery systems to deliver products to distributors and consumers that place orders on our platform, which makes it difficult to ensure that such customers and distributors get consistent quality products and services for all products sold through our online platform. If any market seller fails to control the quality of the products it sells on our platform, or if it fails to deliver the products or delays the delivery of the products or delivers products that are substantially different from the product description, or if it sells counterfeit or unauthorized products through our platform, or if it does not have the necessary licenses or permits required by relevant laws and regulations, our reputation and brand name, may be adversely affected. We may also face claims and may be liable for damages related to such claims.
Our sales team may not always receive accurate information for the background and regulatory checks on the sellers using our platform or control the quality of the products they sell on our platform, as well as whether they deliver the products they sell on our platform timely and correctly, which may cause a significant negative impact on our business, financial situation, and operating results.
Internet and network system limitations or failures could harm our business.
Our businesses depend on the integrity and performance of technology, computer and network systems supporting them. If our systems cannot expand to cope with increased demand or otherwise fail to perform, we could experience unanticipated disruptions in service, slower response times and delays in the introduction of new products and services. These consequences could result in financial losses and decreased customer service and satisfaction. If transaction volumes increase unexpectedly or other unanticipated events occur, we may need to expand and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. We do not know whether we will be able to accurately project the rate, timing or cost of any increases, or expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate any increases in a timely manner.
If we fail to adopt new technologies or adapt our website, mobile application and systems to changing customer requirements or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our internet platform. Our competitors are constantly developing innovations and introducing new products to increase their customer base and enhance user experience. As a result, in order to attract and retain customers and compete against our competitors, we must continue to invest significant resources in research and development to enhance our information technology and improve our existing products and services for our customers. The internet and the online retail industry are characterized by rapid technological evolution, changes in customer requirements and preferences, frequent introductions of new products and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards and practices, any of which could render our existing technologies and systems obsolete. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to identify, develop, acquire or license new technologies useful in our business, and respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices in a cost-effective and timely way. The development of websites, mobile applications and other proprietary technology entails significant technical and business risks. There can be no assurance that we will be able to use new technologies effectively or adapt our website, mobile application, proprietary technologies and systems to meet customer requirements or emerging industry standards. If we are unable to adapt in a cost-effective and timely manner in response to changing market conditions or customer requirements, whether for technical, legal, financial or other reasons, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We lack product and business diversification. Accordingly, our future revenues and earnings are more susceptible to fluctuations than a more diversified company.
Our current primary business activities focus on the sale of health and nutritional supplements, cosmetics products and household products. Because our focus is limited in this way, any risk affecting the health and nutritional supplements, cosmetics and household products industries could disproportionately affect our business. Our lack of product and business diversification could inhibit the opportunities for growth of our business, revenues and profits.
We incurred net losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and may not be able to generate sufficient operating cash flows and working capital to continue as a going concern. Failure to manage our liquidity and cash flows may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. As a result, we may need additional capital, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
We had incurred a net loss of $8.0 million and a net loss of $11.52 million in fiscal years of 2024 and 2023, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate net income or will have retained earnings in the future. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we seek to continue to develop new high margin business, attract clients and partners and further enhance and develop our services and other product offerings. These efforts may prove more expensive than we anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. We can offer no assurance that we will operate profitably or that we will generate positive cash flow in the next twelve months, given our substantial expenses in relation to our revenue at this stage of our Company. Inability to collect our accounts receivable in a timely and sufficient manner, or the inability to offset our expenses with adequate revenue, may adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that our cash on hand and anticipated cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months, we cannot assure you this will be the case.
If and when we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet our working capital requirements and various operating needs, we may need to raise additional funds for our operations and such funds may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to execute our business plan, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements. This may seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to achieve or maintain profitability, the market price of our shares may significantly decrease.
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We may need additional capital, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
Although we believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, anticipated cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for at least 12 months following this report, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents we have on hand at the time, we may seek to issue equity or debt securities or obtain credit facilities. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
We may incur substantial debt in the future, which may adversely affect our financial condition and negatively affect our operations.
We may decide in the future to finance our business and operation through incurring debt. The incurrence of debt could have a variety of negative effects, including:
| ● | default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenue is insufficient to repay debt obligations; |
| ● | acceleration of obligations to repay the indebtedness (or other outstanding indebtedness), even if we make all principal and interest payments when due, if we breach any covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; |
| ● | our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding; |
| ● | diverting a substantial portion of cash flow to pay principal and interest on such debt, which would reduce the funds available for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; and |
| ● | creating potential limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate. |
The occurrence of any of these risks could adversely affect our operations or financial condition.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
Our quarterly results of operations, including the levels of our net revenues, expenses, net (loss)/income and other key metrics, may vary significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control, and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful, especially given our limited operating history. Accordingly, the results for any one quarter are not necessarily an indication of future performance. Fluctuations in quarterly results may adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results include:
| ● | our ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients; |
| ● | changes in our mix of products and services and introduction of new products and services; |
| ● | the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure; |
| ● | our decision to manage client volume growth during the period; |
| ● | the impact of competitors or competitive products and services; |
| ● | increases in our costs and expenses that we may incur to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive; |
| ● | network outages or security breaches; |
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| ● | changes in the legal or regulatory environment or proceedings, including with respect to security, privacy, or enforcement by government regulators, including fines, orders or consent decrees; |
| ● | general economy, industry, inflation and market conditions; and |
| ● | the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses. |
Despite our marketing efforts, we may not be able to promote and maintain our brand in an effective and cost-efficient way and our business and results of operations may be harmed accordingly.
We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand and business effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing clients. Successful promotion of our brand and our ability to attract quality clients depends largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and the success of the channels we use to promote our services. Despite our marketing efforts, it is likely that our future marketing efforts will require us to incur significant additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenues in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increases in revenues may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair our ability to grow our business.
From time-to-time we may evaluate and potentially consummate strategic investments or acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
We may evaluate and consider strategic investments, combinations, acquisitions or alliances to further increase the value of our marketplace and better serve our customers. These transactions could be material to our financial condition and results of operations if consummated. If we are able to identify an appropriate business opportunity, we may not be able to successfully consummate the transaction and, even if we do consummate such a transaction, we may be unable to obtain the benefits or avoid the difficulties and risks of such transaction.
Strategic investments or acquisitions will involve risks commonly encountered in business relationships, including:
| ● | difficulties in assimilating and integrating the operations, personnel, systems, data, technologies, products and services of the acquired business; |
| ● | inability of the acquired technologies, products or businesses to achieve expected levels of revenue, profitability, productivity or other benefits; |
| ● | difficulties in retaining, training, motivating and integrating key personnel; |
| ● | diversion of management’s time and resources from our normal daily operations; |
| ● | difficulties in successfully incorporating licensed or acquired technology and rights into our platform and products; |
| ● | difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies within the combined organizations; |
| ● | difficulties in retaining relationships with customers, employees and suppliers of the acquired business; |
| ● | risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience; |
| ● | regulatory risks, including remaining in good standing with existing regulatory bodies or receiving any necessary pre-closing or post-closing approvals, as well as being subject to new regulators with oversight over an acquired business; |
| ● | assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to us, require us to license or waive intellectual property rights or increase our risk for liability; |
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| ● | failure to successfully further develop the acquired technology; |
| ● | liability for activities of the acquired business before the acquisition, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities; |
| ● | potential disruptions to our ongoing businesses; and |
| ● | unexpected costs and unknown risks and liabilities associated with strategic investments or acquisitions. |
We may not make any investments or acquisitions, or any future investments or acquisitions may not be successful, may not benefit our business strategy, may not generate sufficient revenues to offset the associated acquisition costs or may not otherwise result in the intended benefits. In addition, we cannot assure you that any future investment in or acquisition of new businesses or technology will lead to the successful development of new or enhanced our existing products and services or that any new or enhanced products and services, if developed, will achieve market acceptance or prove to be profitable.
Our business depends on the continued efforts of our senior management. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, our business may be severely disrupted.
Our business operations depend on the continued services of our senior management, particularly the executive officers named in this report. While we have the ability to provide different incentives to our management, we cannot assure you that we can continue to retain their services. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all, our future growth may be constrained, our business may be severely disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. In addition, although we have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with our management, there is no assurance that any member of our management team will not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any dispute arises between our current or former officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may be unable to enforce them at all.
If the basic salary of certain employees fails to meet the local minimum salary standard, we may be faced with labor disputes or compensation.
The remuneration we pay to our employees in general consists of basic salary, subsidy and performance bonus subject to different departments. For marketing staff, a great proportion of their remuneration is the performance bonus. In accordance with the Labor Contract Law of People’s Republic of China, if the salary paid by the employer to its employee is below the local minimum salary standard, the labor administrative authorities shall order the employer to pay the shortfall; where payment is not made within the stipulated period, the employer shall be ordered to pay additional compensation to the employee based on 50% to 100% of the amount payable. In principle, each province has its own local minimum standard and the local minimum salary standard is subject to change each year. Our basic salary has been meeting the current local minimum salary standard. However, we cannot assure you that we can adjust the employees’ basic salary in time to meet the changing minimum standard. In such cases, we may be faced with labor disputes or compensation.
Competition for employees is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business.
We believe our success depends on the efforts and talent of our employees, including risk management, software engineering, information technology, financial and marketing personnel. Our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified and skilled employees. Competition for highly skilled marketing, technical, risk management and financial personnel is extremely intense. We may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment.
In addition, we invest significant time and expenses in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training their replacements, and the quality of our services and our ability to serve borrowers and lenders could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.
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We do not have any business insurance coverage.
Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive an array of insurance products as insurance companies in more developed economies. Currently, the Company does not carry any business interruption insurance, product liability insurance or any other business insurance policies. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. However, as a result the Company may incur uninsured losses, and any uninsured business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.
We are subject to enterprise income tax, value-added tax, and other taxes in each province and city in China where we have operations. Our tax structure is subject to review by various local tax authorities. The determination of our provision for income tax and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate decisions by the relevant tax authorities may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made.
We may be subject to allegations, lawsuits and negative publicity claiming the sale, distribution, marketing and advertising of counterfeit or substandard products in our retail and wholesale businesses of health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products.
We may face charges, litigation and administrative penalties related to the sale, distribution, marketing and advertising of counterfeit or substandard products in our retail and wholesale businesses of health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products, which may damage our brand and reputation and have a significant adverse impact on us. The impact on our business, financial situation, operating results and business prospects.
Certain products distributed or sold in the retail and wholesale markets of health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products in China may be manufactured without appropriate license or approval, and/or may have fraudulent labelling errors in their content and/or manufacturer. These products are often referred to as counterfeit or unqualified products.
The current regulatory control and enforcement system of counterfeit and inferior products in China is not mature enough to completely eliminate the production and sale of counterfeit products. The selling price of fake and inferior products is usually lower than that of genuine products. In some cases, the appearance of fake and inferior products is very similar to that of genuine products. Therefore, the existence of counterfeit products may quickly erode our sales volume and revenue from related products.
In addition, counterfeit or substandard products may or may not have the same chemical composition as genuine products, which may make them less effective than genuine products, completely ineffective, or more likely to lead to serious side effects. We may not be able to identify counterfeit or substandard products we purchased from suppliers. Any unintentional or unknowing sale of counterfeit or substandard products in our product distribution or retail business, or illegal use of our brand name by third parties to sell counterfeit or substandard products, may cause negative publicity, fines and other administrative penalties to us, and even lead to lawsuits related to the sale, marketing and advertising of these products. In addition, the persistence of counterfeit and inferior products may enhance the overall negative image of distributors and retailers among consumers, and may seriously damage the reputation and brand of other sellers including us. Similarly, consumers can buy counterfeit and substandard products that compete directly with those distributed or sold in our retail and wholesale businesses, which may have a significant negative impact on the sales of related products in our product portfolio and further affect our business, financial situation, operating results and prospects.
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If counterfeit products are sold on our internet platform, our reputation and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.
Suppliers and third-party merchants on our internet platform are separately responsible for sourcing the products that are sold on our internet platform. Although we have adopted measures to verify the authenticity of products sold on our internet platform and to immediately remove any counterfeit products found on our internet platform, these measures may not always be successful. Potential sanctions under PRC law, if we were to negligently participate or assist in infringement activities associated with counterfeit goods, include injunctions to cease infringing activities, rectification, compensation, administrative penalties and even criminal liability, depending on the gravity of such misconduct. Furthermore, counterfeit products may be defective or inferior in quality as compared to authentic products and may pose safety risks to our customers. If our customers are injured by counterfeit products sold on our internet platform, we may be subject to lawsuits, severe administrative penalties and criminal liability. See “— We may be subject to product liability claims if our customers are harmed by the products sold on our internet platform.” We believe our brand and reputation are extremely important to our success and our competitive position. The discovery of counterfeit products sold on our internet platform may severally damage our reputation and cause customers to refrain from making future purchases from us, which would materially and adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
We may be subject to product liability claims if our customers are harmed by the products sold on our internet platform.
We sell products manufactured by third parties, some of which may be defectively designed or manufactured, of inferior quality or counterfeit. For example, cosmetic products in general, regardless of their authenticity or quality, may cause allergic reactions or other illnesses that may be severe for certain customers. Sales and distributions of products on our internet platform could expose us to product liability claims relating to personal injury and may require product recalls or other actions. Third parties that have suffered such injury may bring claims or legal proceedings against us as the retailer of the products or as the marketplace service provider. Although we would have legal recourse against the manufacturers, suppliers or third-party merchants of such products under PRC law, attempting to enforce our rights against the manufacturers, suppliers or third-party merchants may be expensive, time-consuming and ultimately futile. Defective, inferior or counterfeit products or negative publicity as to personal injury caused by products sold on our platform may adversely affect consumer perceptions of our company or the products we sell, which could harm our reputation and brand image. In addition, we do not currently maintain any product liability insurance or third-party liability insurance coverage for the products offered through third-party merchants. As a result, any material product liability claim or litigation could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and managerial efforts in defending them and could have a negative impact on our reputation.
We collect, process and use data, some of which contain personal information. Any privacy or data security breach could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.
As a technology-based platform, our business generates and processes a large quantity of personal, transaction, behavioral and demographic data. We face risks inherent in handling and protecting large volumes of data, including protecting the data hosted in our system, detecting and prohibiting unauthorized data share and transfer, preventing attacks on our system by outside parties or fraudulent behavior or improper use by our employees, and maintaining and updating our database. Any system failure, security breach or third-parties attacks or attempts to illegally obtain the data that results in any actual or perceived release of user data could damage our reputation and brand, deter current and potential customers from using our services, damage our business, and expose us to potential legal liability.
We also have access to a large amount of confidential information in our day-to-day operations. Each order contains the names, addresses, phone numbers and other contact information of the sender and recipient of an order placed and delivered through our platforms. The content of the item delivered may also constitute or reveal confidential information. Although we have data security polices and measures in place, we cannot assure you that the information will not be misappropriated, as our personnel handle the orders and have access to the relevant confidential information.
We are subject to local laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, storage, transfer, disclosure and security of personally identifiable information with respect to our customers and employees including any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to this data. Further, PRC regulators have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection. We expect that these areas will receive greater public scrutiny and attention from regulators, which could increase our compliance costs and subject us to heightened risks and challenges. If we are unable to manage these risks, we could become subject to penalties, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, and our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
We regard our trademarks, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality agreements with all our employees and officers as well as non-compete agreements with our executive officers to protect our proprietary rights. Thus, we cannot assure you that any of our intellectual property rights would not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or that such intellectual property will be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, parts of our business rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms, or at all and we might have to invest on research and development on our own technologies in such areas.
It is often difficult to register, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear guidance on statutory interpretation. Confidentiality, invention assignments and non-compete agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China. Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related know-how and inventions. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.
We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We have in the past and may in the future be subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. For example, in 2018 Shanghai Juhao was sued by an individual for copyright infringement for the use of Shanghai Juhao’s logo. Although the case was dismissed by the court as Shanghai Juhao had already registered its logo/drawing as its trademark before the plaintiff registered her drawing for copyright, there is no guarantee that there will not be any other similar lawsuits brought against us in the future. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in China, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.
Additionally, the application and interpretation of China’s intellectual property right laws and the procedures and standards for granting trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights in China are still evolving and are uncertain, and we cannot assure you that PRC courts or regulatory authorities would agree with our analysis. If we were found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be subject to liability for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives of our own. As a result, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
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We face risks related to health epidemics, severe weather conditions and other outbreaks.
In recent years, there have been outbreaks of epidemics in various countries, including China. Beginning in late 2019, there was an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) which has spread quickly to many parts in China, the U.S. and globally In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The epidemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of office buildings and facilities in China and in the U.S. Starting from March 2020, businesses in China began to reopen, and the interruptions to businesses were gradually removed. However, due to the outbreak of Omicron variant in many cities in China, including Xi’an, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Suzhou, local governments have imposed restrictions and quarantine requirements with travel restrictions and temporary closure of office buildings and facilities, and the employees at our Shanghai office have been working from home from March 30, 2022 to June 1, 2022. In early December 2022, Chinese government eased the strict control measure for COVID-19, which has led to surge in increased infections and caused disruption in our business operations in December 2022 and January 2023.
The business has returned to normal in China since February 2023. However, since substantially all of our revenues and our sales are concentrated in China, our results of operations will be adversely affected if there is any new COVID-19 outbreak or any other epidemic harm the Chinese and global economy.
In general, our business could be adversely affected by the effects of epidemics, including, but not limited to, COVID-19, avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the influenza A virus, Ebola virus, severe weather conditions such as a snowstorm, flood or hazardous air pollution, or other outbreaks. In response to an epidemic, severe weather conditions, or other outbreaks, government and other organizations may adopt regulations and policies that could lead to severe disruption to our daily operations, including temporary closure of our offices and other facilities. These severe conditions may cause us and/or our partners to make internal adjustments, including but not limited to, temporarily closing down business, limiting business hours, and setting restrictions on travel and/or visits with clients and partners for a prolonged period of time. Various impacts arising from severe conditions may cause business disruption, resulting in material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
The relative lack of public company experience of our management team may put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Our management team lacks public company experience, which could impair our ability to comply with legal and regulatory requirements such as those imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (“Sarbanes-Oxley”). Our senior management does not have much experience managing a publicly-traded company. Such responsibilities include complying with federal securities laws and making required disclosures on a timely basis. Our senior management may be unable to implement programs and policies in an effective and timely manner or that adequately respond to the increased legal, regulatory and reporting requirements associated with being a publicly traded company. Our failure to comply with all applicable requirements could lead to the imposition of fines and penalties, distract our management from attending to the management and growth of our business, result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on our business and stock price.
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Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to the consolidated variable interest entities do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.
Foreign ownership of internet-based businesses, including value-added telecommunications services, is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. For example, foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider (except for the e-commerce business) in accordance with the Foreign Investment Entry Clearance Negative List (the 2024 version), promulgated in 2024 and became effective on November 1, 2024, or the Negative List, and other applicable laws and regulations. As provided for under the Negative List, “e-commerce business” is an exception to the above restriction on foreign investment. However, the above Negative List does not define the “e-commerce business,” and its interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties, therefore, we cannot assure you that whether our online retail business and distribution of online information falls into the “e-commerce business” and thus, whether we are permitted to conduct our value-added telecommunication services in the PRC through our subsidiaries in which foreign investors own more than 50% of equity interests.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and our PRC subsidiary is considered a foreign invested enterprise. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we conduct our operations in China through a series of contractual arrangements entered into among WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we exert control over the VIE and consolidate its operating results in our financial statements under U.S. GAAP. For a detailed description of these contractual arrangements, see “4.C. Organizational Structure - Variable Interest Entity Arrangements.”
In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm, our current ownership structure, the ownership structure of our PRC subsidiary and the consolidated VIE, and the contractual arrangements among WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE are common practices for the companies listed on stock exchanges in Hong Kong or the U.S. engaging in the businesses on Negative List in China and these contractual arrangements are valid and binding in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations and there can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with the opinion of our PRC counsel.
If the PRC government finds that our contractual arrangements do not comply with its restrictions on foreign investment in the value-added telecommunication service business, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations or failures, including, without limitation:
| ● | discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations; |
| ● | imposing fines, confiscating the income from the WFOE or the VIE, or imposing other requirements with which we or the VIE may not be able to comply; |
| ● | requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over the VIE; |
| ● | restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of foreign offerings to finance our business and operations in China; or |
| ● | taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business. |
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The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in the consolidated financial statements, if the PRC government authorities were to find the VIE structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of the VIE or our right to receive substantially all of the economic benefits and residual returns from the VIE and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in the consolidated financial statements. Either of these results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed on us in this event, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE for our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.
We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE, Shanghai Juhao, to operate our platform. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over the consolidated variable interest entity. For example, the consolidated variable interest entity and its shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations, including maintaining our website and using the domain names and trademarks, in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.
If we had direct ownership of the VIE, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the consolidated variable interest entity and their shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to consolidate the consolidated variable interest entity. The shareholders of the consolidated variable interest entity may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate our business through the contractual arrangements with the consolidated variable interest entity. Although we have the right to replace any shareholder of the consolidated variable interest entity under the contractual arrangement, if any shareholder of the consolidated variable interest entity is uncooperative or any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC laws and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “Risk Factors—Any failure by the consolidated variable interest entity or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.” Therefore, our contractual arrangements with the consolidated variable interest entity may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership would be.
Any failure by the consolidated VIE or their shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.
If the consolidated VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective under PRC laws. For example, if the shareholders of the VIE were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in the VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal action to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.
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All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC laws and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as well established as in some other jurisdictions, such as in the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Some regulations might be unfavorable to VIEs. However, despite there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC laws and there remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. Currently, most of the Chinese companies listed on overseas stock exchanges and are on the internet-based business such as e-commerce or online-gaming have adopted a VIE structure. In addition, under PRC laws, rulings by arbitrators are final and parties cannot appeal arbitration results in court unless such rulings are revoked or determined unenforceable by a competent court. If the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event that we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the consolidated variable interest entity, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to you and us.”
The shareholders of the consolidated VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The shareholders of Shanghai Juhao and their interests in Shanghai Juhao may differ from their interests of our Company as a whole. These shareholders may breach, or cause the consolidated variable interest entity to breach, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and the consolidated variable interest entity, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively consolidate the financials of the variable interest entity and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with Shanghai Juhao to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company, except that we could exercise our purchase option under the exclusive option agreements with these shareholders to request them to transfer all of their equity interests in Shanghai Juhao to a PRC entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by PRC laws. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in the disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
If the custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals of the VIE, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Under PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts that our business relies on, are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the relevant local branch of the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”), formerly known as the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. We generally execute legal documents by affixing chops or seals, rather than having the designated legal representatives sign the documents.
We use two major types of chops: corporate chops and finance chops. Chops are seals or stamps used by a PRC company to legally authorize documents, often in place of a signature. We use corporate chops generally for documents to be submitted to government agencies, such as applications for changing business scope, directors or company name, and for legal letters in China. We use finance chops generally for making and collecting payments, including issuing invoices. Use of corporate chops must be approved by department manager and office of the president, and use of finance chops must be approved by our finance department. The chops of our subsidiary and consolidated VIE are generally held by the relevant entities so that documents can be executed locally. Although we usually utilize chops to execute contracts, the registered legal representatives of our subsidiary and consolidated VIE in China have the apparent authority to enter into contracts on behalf of such entities without chops, unless such contracts set forth otherwise.
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In order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to the designated key employees of the office of the president or finance departments. Our designated legal representatives generally do not have access to the chops. Although we have approval procedures in place and monitor our key employees, including the designated legal representatives of our subsidiary and consolidated VIE, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our key employees or designated legal representatives could abuse their authority, for example, by binding our subsidiary and consolidated VIE with contracts against our interests, as we would be obligated to honor these contracts if the other contracting party acts in good faith in reliance on the apparent authority of our chops or signatures of our legal representatives. If any designated legal representative obtains control of the chop in an effort to obtain control over the relevant entity, we would need to have a shareholder or board resolution to designate a new legal representative to take legal action to seek the return of the chop, apply for a new chop with the relevant authorities, or otherwise seek legal remedies for the legal representative’s misconduct. If any of the designated legal representatives obtain and misuse or misappropriate our chops and seals or other controlling intangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve the matter, while distracting management from our operations, and our business operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Contractual arrangements in relation to the consolidated variable interest entity may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our PRC consolidated variable interest entity owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities within ten years after the taxable year when the transactions are conducted. The PRC enterprise income tax law requires every enterprise in China to submit its annual enterprise income tax return together with a report on transactions with its related parties to the relevant tax authorities. The tax authorities may impose reasonable adjustments on taxation if they have identified any related party transactions that are inconsistent with arm’s length principles. We may face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements between WFOE, our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, the consolidated VIE in China, and the shareholders of the VIE were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust the VIE’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by the VIE for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing WFOE’s tax expenses. In addition, if WFOE requests the shareholders of the VIE to transfer their equity interests in the VIE at nominal or no value pursuant to these contractual arrangements, such transfer could be viewed as a gift and subject our WFOE and VIE to PRC income tax. Furthermore, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on the VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if the consolidated variable interest entity’s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.
We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by the consolidated VIE that are material to the operation of our business if the entity goes bankrupt or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.
The consolidated VIE holds certain assets that are material to the operation of our business, including domain names, software and equipment for the online platform. Under the contractual arrangements, the consolidated VIE may not and their shareholders may not cause it to, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of its assets or its legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior consent. However, in the event the shareholders of the consolidated VIE breach the contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the consolidated VIE or the consolidated VIE declare bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If the consolidated VIE undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, independent third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, in addition to the general state of the PRC economy. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
The Company’s sales, purchases and expense transactions are denominated in RMB, and all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China, the central bank of China. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China. Since 2012, China’s economic growth has slowed down and recovery from COVID-19 has been slow since early 2023. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy or negative impact from the recent tariff war between U.S. and China may negatively impact the spending by Chinese consumers and reduce the demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Uncertainties and quick change in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations with little advance notice could result in a material and negative impact our business operations, decrease the value of our securities and limit the legal protections available to you and us.
The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties. The enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice and the risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China- based issuers, could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities.
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On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued an announcement to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the New Overseas Listing Rules with five interpretive guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with relevant governmental authorities and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making an overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing before effective date of the new rules and completes such offering or listing before September 30, 2023 will be considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to the CSRC within 3 working days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in administrative penalties such as order to rectify, warnings and a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines and may be barred from entering the securities market. As advised by our PRC counsel, Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm, our offerings will be subject to the New Overseas Listing Rules. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
On February 15, 2022, Cybersecurity Review Measures published by Cyberspace Administration of China, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, People’s Bank of China, State Administration of Radio and Television, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Secrecy Administration and State Cryptography Administration became effective, which provides that, Critical Information Infrastructure Operators (“CIIOs”) that intend to purchase internet products and services and Online Platform Operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security shall be subject to the cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office. On September 24, 2024, the State Council published the Administration Measures for Cyber Date Security, or the “Cyber Data Security Measure”, which requires cyber data processors to file a national security review if their cyber data processing activities affect or may affect national security. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC released the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which became effective on March 31, 2023 provide that a domestic company that seeks to offer and list its securities in a overseas market shall strictly abide by applicable PRC laws and regulations, enhance legal awareness of keeping state secrets and strengthening archives administration, institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration system, and take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations. On July 7, 2022, CAC promulgated the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer, effective on September 1, 2022, which requires the data processors to apply for data cross-border security assessment coordinated by the CAC under the following circumstances: (i) any data processor transfers important data to overseas; (ii) any critical information infrastructure operator or data processor who processes personal information of over 1 million people provides personal information to overseas; (iii) any data processor who provides personal information to overseas and has already provided personal information of more than 100,000 people or sensitive personal information of more than 10,000 people to overseas since January 1st of the previous year; and (iv) other circumstances under which the data cross-border transfer security assessment is required as prescribed by the CAC. As confirmed by our PRC counsel Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm, we are currently not subject to cybersecurity review with the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) under these new measures, because the data processing activities by the VIE do not affect national security and we don’t transfer customer personal data out of China. Nevertheless, the aforementioned measures and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future.
We cannot rule out the possibility that the PRC government will institute a licensing regime or pre-approval requirement covering our industry at some point in the future. If such a licensing regime or approval requirement were introduced, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain any newly required license in a timely manner, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, however, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy in the PRC legal system than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainties over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, and any failure to respond to changes in the regulatory environment in China could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
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Increases in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The economy in China has experienced increases in labor costs in recent years. As a result, wages in the PRC have increased and are expected to continue to increase. In addition, we are required by PRC laws and regulations to pay various statutory employee benefits, including pension, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits, and those employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. We expect that our cost of revenues and labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to control our costs or pass on these increased costs to our customers by increasing the prices of our products and services, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to you and us.
The PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties.
In particular, PRC laws and regulations concerning the valued added telecom service and online retail industry are developing and evolving. Although we have taken measures to comply with the laws and regulations that are applicable to our business operations, and avoid conducting any activities that may be deemed as illegal under the current applicable laws and regulations, the PRC government authority may promulgate new laws and regulations regulating the valued added telecom service and online retail industry in the future. Even though we are at present fully licensed to conduct our business, we cannot assure you that any new laws or regulations which require new certifications will not be passed in the future and we might not be able to obtain such new certifications to continuously conduct our business as we currently do. Moreover, developments in valued added telecom service and online retail may lead to changes in PRC laws, regulations and policies or in the interpretation and application of existing laws, regulations and policies that may limit or restrict online retail for health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products like us, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Furthermore, we cannot rule out the possibility that the PRC government will institute a new licensing regime covering our industry at some point in the future. If such new licensing regime were introduced, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain any newly required license in a timely manner, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
Because we are a Cayman Islands corporation and all of our business is conducted in the PRC, you may be unable to bring an action against us or our officers and directors or to enforce any judgment you may obtain. It may also be difficult for you or overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conduct our operations primarily in China. All of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, majority of our directors and officers reside outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe we have violated your rights, either under United States federal or state securities laws or otherwise, or if you have a claim against us. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may not permit you to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.
It may also be difficult for you or overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with its counterparts of another country or region to monitor and oversee cross-border securities activities, such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or “Article 177,” which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Article 177 further provides that Chinese entities and individuals are not allowed to provide documents or materials related to securities business activities to foreign agencies without prior consent from the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council and the competent departments of the PRC State Council. While detailed interpretation of or implementing rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests.
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The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, and the related regulations are evolving quickly. Further implementations and interpretations of or amendments to the HFCA Act or the related regulations, or a PCOAB’s determination of its lack of sufficient access to inspect our auditor, might pose regulatory risks to and impose restrictions on us because of our operations in mainland China. A potential consequence is that our ordinary shares may be delisted by the exchange. The delisting of our ordinary shares, or the threat of our ordinary shares being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct full inspections of our auditor deprives our investors of the benefits of such inspections.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. In accordance with the HFCA Act, trading in securities of any registrant on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States may be prohibited if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate the registrant’s auditor for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, and, as a result, an exchange may determine to delist the securities of such registrant. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted if our auditor is unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement. On December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”), was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.
On November 5, 2021, the SEC adopted the PCAOB rule to implement HFCA Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to determine whether it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.
On December 2, 2021, SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate (the “Commission-Identified Issuers”). A Commission-Identified Issuer will be required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. If a registrant is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer based on its annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the registrant will be required to comply with the submission or disclosure requirements in its annual report filing covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued its determinations (the “Determination”) that they are unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong. The Determination includes lists of public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely.
On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB Board will consider the need to issue a new determination.
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The enactment of the HFCA Act and related regulations, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investors uncertainty for affected issuers and the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement.
The lack of access to PCAOB inspections prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China and Hong Kong. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China and Hong Kong makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections.
Our former auditor, Marcum Asia CPAs, LLP, was registered with the PCAOB and had been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis in the audit period. Our current auditor, Enrome LLP, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the U.S. and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to PCAOB inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Neither Enrome nor Marcum Asia is subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to us and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach, or experience as it relates to our audit. If it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction or any other reasons, the lack of inspection could cause the trading in our securities to be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and related regulations, and as a result Nasdaq may delist our securities. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our ordinary shares. Further, new laws and regulations or changes in laws and regulations in both the United States and China could affect our ability to list our ordinary shares on Nasdaq, which could materially impair the market for and market price for our securities.
Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress, or the NPC, approved the Foreign Investment Law, which has taken effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. However, since it is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For instance, under the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other entities in China. Though it does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance that foreign investment through contractual arrangements would not be interpreted as a type of indirect foreign investment activity under the definition in the future. In addition, the definition contains a catch-all provision which includes investments made by foreign investors through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws and regulations. Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
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We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and companies, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to, companies in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations.
We only have contractual control over our website. We do not directly own the website due to the restriction of foreign investment in businesses providing value-added telecommunication services (VATS) in China, including internet information provision services. This may significantly disrupt our business, subject us to sanctions, compromise enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other harmful effects on us.
The evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in May 2011, the State Council announced the establishment of a new department, the State Internet Information Office (with the involvement of the State Council Information Office, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (“MIIT”), and the Ministry of Public Security). The primary role of this new agency is to facilitate policy-making and legislative development in this field, to direct and coordinate with the relevant departments in connection with online content administration, and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters in relation to the internet industry.
Our online platform, operated by the VIE Shanghai Juhao, may be deemed to be providing commercial internet content-related services and online data processing and transaction processing services, which would require Shanghai Juhao to obtain an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) License. Each of EDI License is under the category of value-added telecommunications business operating licenses, or VATS License. The Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Investment in and Operation of Value-added Telecommunications Business, issued by the MIIT in July 2006, prohibits domestic telecommunications service providers from leasing, transferring or selling telecommunications business operating licenses to any foreign investor in any form, or providing any resources, sites or facilities to any foreign investor for their illegal operation of a telecommunications business in China. The circular also requires each license holder to have the necessary facilities, including servers, for its approved business operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. According to the recent practice in China, if any commercial internet content-related service or online data processing and transaction processing service is to be carried out via mobile apps, such mobile apps are required to be registered on the VATS License of the operator of such mobile apps. Our Juhao mobile app has been registered on the VATS License held by Shanghai Juhao. However, Shanghai Juhao did not apply for a value-added telecommunications business license until 2017 as its business operations were small and service fees generated by third-party stores were immaterial for the Company. Although our PRC counsel believes that it is unlikely such operation without appropriate license will be considered as a material violation of the applicable regulation and that the possibility that the Company be penalized is remote due to the immaterial amount generated from the valued-added telecommunication business, if there is any enforcement action by government agencies due to such violation which affects our eligibility of existing license or future license application, it may significantly disrupt our business, subject us to sanctions, enforcement, or have other harmful effects on our operation and financial conditions.
The interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the internet industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet businesses in China, including our business. Although we believe that we currently have obtained necessary license to practice our business, we cannot assure you that we will be always able to meet all of requirements in the future to renew the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones.
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We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. If our PRC subsidiary incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require our WFOE to adjust its taxable income under the contractual arrangements it currently has in place with the consolidated variable interest entity in a manner that would materially and adversely affect its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—Contractual arrangements in relation to the consolidated variable interest entity may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our PRC consolidated variable interest entity owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.”
Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiary, as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China, may pay dividends only out of its accumulated after-tax profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such funds reaches 50% of its registered capital. At its discretion, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. See also “Risk Factors —If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.”
PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our offerings and financings in the U.S. to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and VIE subject to the approval from governmental authorities and limitation of amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China.
Any loans to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by us to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE. In addition, a foreign invested enterprise shall use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope. The capital of a foreign invested enterprise shall not be used for the following purposes: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment beyond the business scope of the enterprises or the payment prohibited by relevant laws and regulations; (ii) directly or indirectly used for investment in securities or investments other than banks’ principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant laws and regulations; (iii) the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license; and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate enterprises).
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SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, effective June 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, the Notice from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, and the Circular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses. According to SAFE Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of banks loans that have been transferred to a third-party. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within China, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in China in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in China.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our PRC subsidiaries or VIE or future capital contributions by us to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China. As a result, uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries or VIE when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the funds that we raise outside of China to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Substantially all of our revenues and expenditures are denominated in RMB, whereas our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB will affect the relative purchasing power in RMB terms of our U.S. dollar assets and the proceeds from offerings in the U.S. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency for our PRC subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity is RMB. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities that are receivable or payable in RMB are included in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The remeasurement has caused the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations to vary with exchange rate fluctuations, and the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations will continue to vary with exchange rate fluctuations. A fluctuation in the value of RMB relative to the U.S. dollar could reduce our profits from operations and the translated value of our net assets when reported in U.S. dollars in our financial statements. This could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations as reported in U.S. dollars. If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our Ordinary Shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the periods in which the earnings are generated may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.
There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a flexible currency policy. Any significant appreciation or depreciation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our Ordinary Shares in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from offerings in the U.S. into RMB to pay our operating expenses, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a significant depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
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Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our net revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our net revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our company in the Cayman Islands relies on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. Therefore, our PRC subsidiary is able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior approval from SAFE, subject to the condition that the remittance of such dividends outside of the PRC complies with certain procedures under PRC foreign exchange regulations, such as the overseas investment registrations by the beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents. But approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.
Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.
We are required under PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. As of the date of this report, we believe that we have made adequate employee benefit payments. If we fail to make adequate payments in the future, we may be required to make up the contributions for these plans. If we fail to make or supplement contributions of social security premiums within the stipulated period, the social security premiums collection agency may enquire into the deposit accounts of the employer with banks and other financial institutions. In an extreme situation, where we failed to contribute social security premiums in full amount and do not provide guarantee, the social security premiums collection agency may apply to a Chinese court for seizure, foreclosure or auction of our properties of value equivalent to the amount of social security premiums payable, and the proceeds from auction shall be used for contribution of social security premiums. If we are subject to deposit, seizure, foreclosure or auction in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
The filing with the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) is required in connection with any offerings and certain events of the Company under New Overseas Listing Rules, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to timely make such filing, in which case we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to timely file with the CSRC.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the “New Overseas Listing Rules”) with five interpretive guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with relevant governmental authorities and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making a subsequent overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing before effective date of the new rules and also completes the offering or listing before September 30, 2023 will be considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report to CSRC within 3 working days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in administrative penalties such as order to rectify, warnings and a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines and may be barred from entering the securities market.
Our PRC counsel has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, rules and regulations relating to the CSRC’s filing requirements, we will be required to file with CSRC for our offering. Given the current PRC regulatory environment, it is uncertain when and whether we and our PRC subsidiaries will be required to obtain other permissions or approvals from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even if and when such permissions or approvals are obtained, whether they will be denied or rescinded. If we or any of our PRC subsidiaries do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we or our subsidiaries are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, it could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
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PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase its registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC law.
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name, and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is issued to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75. SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which took effect on June 1, 2015. This notice has amended SAFE Circular 37 requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.
If our shareholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration as required, our PRC subsidiary may be prohibited from distributing its profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary.
Our major shareholders have completed the initial registrations with the local SAFE branch or qualified banks as required by SAFE Circular 37. To our knowledge, certain of our minority shareholders of the Company who are also PRC resident individual shareholders have not completed their SAFE Circular 37 registration yet. Also, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents holding direct or indirect interest in our company, and we cannot provide any assurance that these PRC residents will comply with our request to make or obtain any applicable registrations or continuously comply with all requirements under SAFE Circular 37 or other related rules. The failure or inability of the relevant shareholders to comply with the registration procedures set forth in these regulations may subject us to fines and legal sanctions, such as restrictions on our cross-border investment activities, on the ability of our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China to distribute dividends and the proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us and limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various foreign exchange registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for circumventing applicable foreign exchange restrictions. As a result, our business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly-Listed Company, replacing earlier rules promulgated in March 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. Our executive officers, directors and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and have received stock awards from the Company are subject to these regulations. To our knowledge, the officers, directors and employees of the Company who have received stock award and are also PRC residents have not completed their SAFE registration yet. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary and limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law. See “4.B. Regulation—Regulations on Stock Incentive Plans.”
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If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. See “10.E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China Taxation.” However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” As all of our management members are based in China, it remains unclear how the tax residency rule will apply to our case. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then we or such subsidiary could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on its world-wide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of our Ordinary Shares may be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our Ordinary Shares.
Regulatory bodies of the United States may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in China.
From time to time, the Company may receive requests from certain U.S. agencies to investigate or inspect the Company’s operations, or to otherwise provide information. While the Company will be compliant with these requests from these regulators, there is no guarantee that such requests will be honored by those entities who provide services to us or with whom we associate, especially as those entities are located in China. Furthermore, an on-site inspection of our facilities in China by any of these regulators may be limited or entirely prohibited. Such inspections, though permitted by the Company and its affiliates, are subject to the unpredictability of the Chinese enforcers, and may therefore be impossible to facilitate.
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We face uncertainty regarding the PRC tax reporting obligations and consequences for certain indirect transfers of our operating company’s equity interests. Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.
The PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of certain taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by a non-resident enterprise by promulgating and implementing SAT Circular 59 and Circular 698, which became effective in January 2008, and a Circular 7 in replacement of some of the existing rules in Circular 698, which became effective in February 2015.
Under Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the equity interests of a PRC “resident enterprise” indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, if the indirect transfer is considered to be an abusive use of company structure without reasonable commercial purposes. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of up to 10%. Circular 698 also provides that, where a non-PRC resident enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise to its related parties at a price lower than the fair market value, the relevant tax authority has the power to make a reasonable adjustment to the taxable income of the transaction.
In February 2015, the SAT issued Circular 7 to replace the rules relating to indirect transfers in Circular 698. Circular 7 has introduced a new tax regime that is significantly different from that under Circular 698. Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only indirect transfers set forth under Circular 698 but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets, through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, Circular 7 provides clearer criteria than Circular 698 on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. Circular 7 also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of the taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise being the transferor, or the transferee, or the PRC entity which directly owned the taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise.
On October 17, 2017, the SAT promulgated the Bulletin of SAT on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source (“Bulletin 37”), which became effective on December 1, 2017, and Circular 698 was then replaced effective December 1, 2017. Bulletin 37, among other things, simplified procedures of withholding and payment of income tax levied on non-resident enterprises.
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We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences on future private equity financing transactions, share exchange or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non-resident enterprises with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation and request our PRC subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed, under Circular 59 or Circular 7 and Bulletin 37, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Circular 59, Circular 7 and Bulletin 37 or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under SAT Circular 59, Circular 7 and Bulletin 37 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. We may pursue acquisitions in China or elsewhere in the world in the future that may involve complex corporate structures. If we are considered a non-resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and if the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under SAT Circular 59 or Circular 7 and Bulletin 37, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions will be increased, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, in accordance with the Individual Income Tax Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of NPC, later amended on August 31, 2018 and effective on January 1, 2019, where an individual carries out other arrangements without reasonable business purpose and obtains improper tax gains, the tax authorities shall have the right to make tax adjustments based on a reasonable method, and levy additional tax and collect interest if there is a need to levy additional tax after making tax adjustments. As a result, our beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, may be deemed to have carried out other arrangements without reasonable business purpose and obtained improper tax gains for such indirect transfer, and thus be levied tax.
Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
Our dual-class share structure with different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial.
We have adopted a dual-class share structure such that our shares consist of Ordinary Shares and Preferred Shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each ordinary share is entitled to one vote and each Preferred Share is entitled to two (2) votes. The Preferred Shares may be converted into Ordinary Shares by its holder.
We have authorized 50,000,000 Preferred Shares and our largest shareholder Mr. Zhiwei Xu, through Jowell Holdings Ltd., also beneficially owns all of the 46,875 issued and outstanding Preferred Shares.
As a result of this dual-class share structure, the holder of our Preferred Shares may have concentrated control over the outcome of matters put to a vote of shareholders and have significant influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations, liquidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. The holder of Preferred Shares may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of the ordinary share. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial.
Our Ordinary Shares may be thinly traded and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares.
While our Ordinary Shares are trading on NASDAQ, our Ordinary Shares may be “thinly-traded”, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our Ordinary Shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation may be attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and might be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. A broad or active public trading market for our Ordinary Shares may not develop or be sustained.
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they publish a negative report regarding our Ordinary Shares, the price of our Ordinary Shares and trading volume could decline.
Any trading market for our Ordinary Shares may depend in part on the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade us, the price of our Ordinary Shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares and the trading volume to decline.
The market price for our Ordinary Shares may be volatile.
The trading price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of the broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. A number of Chinese companies have listed or are in the process of listing their securities on U.S. stock markets. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility, including price declines after their initial public offerings. The trading performances of these Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States in general and consequently may impact the trading performance of our Ordinary Shares, regardless of our actual operating performance.
The market price for our Ordinary Shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations due to factors such as:
| ● | the perception of U.S. investors and regulators of U.S. listed Chinese companies; |
| ● | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; |
| ● | changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts; |
| ● | negative publicity, studies or reports; |
| ● | conditions in Chinese online retail and e-commerce for health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products markets; |
| ● | our capability to catch up with the technology innovations in the industry; |
| ● | changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other online retail and e-commerce for health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products companies; |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| ● | addition or departure of key personnel; |
| ● | fluctuations of exchange rates between RMB and the U.S. dollar; and |
| ● | general economic or political conditions in China. |
In addition, the securities market has from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares.
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Volatility in our ordinary share price may subject us to securities litigation.
The market for our Ordinary Shares may have, when compared to seasoned issuers, significant price volatility and we expect that our share price may continue to be more volatile than that of a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may, in the future, be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and liabilities and could divert management’s attention and resources.
In order to raise sufficient funds to enhance operations, we may have to issue additional securities at prices which may result in substantial dilution to our shareholders.
If we raise additional funds through the sale of equity or convertible debt, our current shareholders’ percentage ownership will be reduced. In addition, these transactions may dilute the value of Ordinary Shares outstanding. We may have to issue securities that may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our Ordinary Shares. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to raise additional funds on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If future financing is not available or is not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to fund our future needs, which would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
We are not likely to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future but will review this policy as circumstances dictate. Should we determine to pay dividends in the future, our ability to do so will depend upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from WFOE. WFOE may, from time to time, be subject to restrictions on its ability to make distributions to us, including restrictions on the conversion of RMB into U.S. dollars or other hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.
Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the registers of mortgages and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.
Currently, all of our operations are conducted outside the United States, and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. A majority of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
As a result of all of the above, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us or our officers, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.
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We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies.
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act. As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and |
| ● | we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
Our ordinary shares may be delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”).
On December 29, 2022, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for the Company’s ordinary shares listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, the Company no longer meets the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on Nasdaq under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2), which requires a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”).
In accordance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of notification, until June 26, 2023 (the “Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On June 27, 2023, the Company received a written notification from the NASDAQ Stock Market Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) indicating that the Company had been granted an additional 180 calendar day period or until November 6, 2023, to regain compliance with the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule.
On October 25, 2023, the shareholders of the Company held an extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) and approved by an ordinary resolution of a share consolidation (the “Share Consolidation”) that (i) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) ordinary share par value $0.0016 each and (ii) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued preferred shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Preferred Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) preferred share, par value $0.0016 each. Immediately following the Share Consolidation, the shareholders of the Company approved by an ordinary resolution of share capital increase that the authorized share capital of the Company be increased to $800,000 divided into 500,000,000 shares of which (x) 450,000,000 shares are designated as ordinary shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share, and (y) 50,000,000 shares are designated as preferred shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share (the “Share Capital Increase”). At the Meeting, the shareholders of the Company also approved by a special resolution the third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company to reflect the Share Consolidation and the Share Capital Increase. The Share Consolidation is primarily being effectuated to regain compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2) related to the minimum bid price per share of the Company’s ordinary shares.
On November 10, 2023, the Company received a written notification from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Department stating that the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock has been $1.00 per share or greater for 10 consecutive trading days, from October 27, 2023 to November 9, 2023. Accordingly, the Company has regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).
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Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you may have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer.
The Nasdaq Listing Rules require listed companies to comply with NASDAQ corporate governance standards. As a foreign private issuer, however, we are permitted to follow the home country’s practice in lieu of certain of such requirements. On January 20, 2023, the Company has notified Nasdaq that it will follow its home country practice in lieu of the provisions under Rule 5620(a), Rule 5635(a), Rule 5635(c) and Rule 5635(d) of the NASDAQ Stock Market Marketplace Rules (the “Rules”) by relying on the exemption provided for foreign private issuers under Marketplace Rule 5615(a)(3). Rule 5620(a) of the Rules requires that the Company to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal year-end; Rule 5635(a) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for the issuance of securities in connection with the acquisition of the stock or assets of another company; Rule 5635(c) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for share incentive plans; and Rule 5635(d) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for the issuance of securities, other than in a public offering, equal to 20% or more of the voting power outstanding before the issuance for less than the greater of book or market value of the stock. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require the Company to follow or comply with the requirements of Rule 5620(a), Rule 5635(a), Rule 5635(c) and Rule 5635(d). We will continue to comply with other corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. However, we may consider following the home country’s practice in lieu of additional requirements under the Nasdaq Listing Rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards in the future which may afford less protection to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, this could make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accountant standards used.
As an “emerging growth company” under applicable law, we will be subject to lessened disclosure requirements. Such reduced disclosure may make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.
For as long as we remain an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the JOBS Act, we will elect to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies”, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Because of these lessened regulatory requirements, our shareholders would be left without information or rights available to shareholders of more mature companies. If some investors find our Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Ordinary Shares and our share price may be more volatile.
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If we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, United States taxpayers who own our ordinary shares may have adverse United States federal income tax consequences.
We will be a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC,” if, in any particular taxable year, either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of our assets (as determined on the basis of fair market value) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). Although the law in this regard is unclear, we intend to treat the VIE (including its subsidiaries) as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entity but also because we are entitled to substantially all of its economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate its results of operations in our consolidated financial statements. Assuming that we are the owner of the VIE (including its subsidiaries) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and based upon our current and expected income and assets, including goodwill, and the value of our ordinary shares, we do not believe that we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2024 and we do not expect to be a PFIC for the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for any future taxable year. PFIC status is a factual determination that must be tested each taxable year and will depend on the composition of our assets and income in each such taxable year.
We will be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value of our assets (based on a quarterly value of the assets during the taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. In determining the average percentage value of our gross assets, the aggregate value of our assets will generally be deemed to be equal to our market capitalization (determined by the sum of the aggregate values of our outstanding equity) plus our liabilities. Accordingly, we could become a PFIC if our market capitalization were to decrease significantly while we hold substantial cash, cash equivalents or other assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. In addition, because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant PFIC rules, it is possible that the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, may challenge our classification of certain income and assets as non-passive or our valuation of our tangible and intangible assets, which could result in a determination that we were a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years.
If we were classified as a PFIC in any taxable year in which a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Item 10. Additional Information—10.E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation”) holds the ordinary shares, the U.S. Holder would generally be subject to additional taxes and interest charges on certain “excess” distributions we make and on the gain, if any, recognized on the disposition or deemed disposition of such U.S. Holder’s ordinary shares, even if we are no longer a PFIC in the year of distribution or disposition. Moreover, such U.S. Holder would also be subject to special U.S. tax reporting requirements. For more information on the U.S. tax consequences to U.S. Holders that would result from our classification as a PFIC, see “Item 10. Additional Information—10.E. Taxation—United States federal income taxation—Passive foreign investment company.”
Our memorandum and articles of association, as amended, contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our Ordinary Shares.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended, contain certain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions, including a provision that grants authority to our board of directors to establish and issue from time to time one or more series of preferred shares without action by our shareholders and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares without action by our shareholders, the terms and rights of that series. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transactions.
Our board of directors may refuse or delay the registration of the transfer of Ordinary Shares in certain circumstances.
Except in connection with the settlement of trades or transactions entered into through the facilities of a stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our Ordinary Shares are listed or traded from time to time, our board of directors may resolve to refuse or delay the registration of the transfer of our Ordinary Shares. Where our directors do so, they must specify the reason(s) for this refusal or delay in a resolution of the board of directors. Our directors may also refuse or delay the registration of any transfer of Ordinary Shares if the transferor has failed to pay an amount due in respect to those Ordinary Shares. If our directors refuse to register a transfer, they shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, send the transferor and the transferee a notice of the refusal or delay in the approved form.
This, however, will not affect market transactions of the Ordinary Shares purchased by investors. Where the Ordinary Shares are listed on a stock exchange, the Ordinary Shares may be transferred without the need for a written instrument of transfer, if the transfer is carried out in accordance with the rules of the stock exchange and other requirements applicable to the Ordinary Shares listed on the stock exchange.
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We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and NASDAQ Capital Market, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act and will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.
Compliance with these rules and regulations increases our legal and financial compliance costs and makes some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” or until five years following the completion of our initial public offering, whichever is earlier, we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC. For example, as a public company, we have been required to increase the number of independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We will evaluate and monitor the developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. We may not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our Ordinary Shares.
We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment needs to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting and, after we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” our independent registered public accounting firm should issue an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting.
We are in the early stages of the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective.
If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if, when required, our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decline, and we may be subject to investigation or sanctions by the SEC.
To comply with the requirements of being a public company, we may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring accounting or internal audit staff.
At such time that our independent registered public accounting firm is required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, it may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Our remediation efforts may not enable us to avoid a material weakness in the future.
Our largest shareholder will have substantial influence over our company and his interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders.
Mr. Zhiwei Xu, our largest shareholder currently owns 340,654 outstanding Ordinary Shares and 46,875 Preferred Shares (each such Preferred Shares entitles the holder thereof to the rights to votes equal to two (2) Ordinary Shares) of the Company. As a result of his significant shareholding, Mr. Xu has, and will continue to have, substantial influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. He may take actions that are not in the best interests of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the market price of our Ordinary Shares. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders. For more information regarding our principal shareholders and their affiliated entities, see “Item 6.E., “Share Ownership”.
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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
Jowell Global Ltd. (“Jowell Global” or the “Company”) is an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability on August 16, 2019 as a holding company. The Company, through its consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”), engages primarily in the sale of cosmetic products, nutritional supplements, and household products sourced from third-party manufacturers and distributors, and also offers an online marketplace that enables third-party sellers to sell their products to the Company’s online consumers.
A reorganization of the Company’s legal structure (“Reorganization”) was completed on November 1, 2019. The Reorganization involved the incorporation of Jowell Global, a Cayman Islands holding company, Jowell Technology Limited (“Jowell Tech”), a Hong Kong holding company on June 24, 2019, and Shanghai Jowell Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jowell”), a new wholly foreign-owned entity (“WFOE”) by Jowell Tech under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”) on October 15, 2019.
On October 31, 2019 and November 1, 2019, Shanghai Jowell entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Juhao”) and the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao, as amended on October 10, 2020. These agreements include: 1) an Exclusive Business Cooperation and Management Agreement; 2) an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement; 3) an Exclusive Option Agreements 4) Powers of Attorney and 5) Spousal Consent Letters. Pursuant to these agreements, Shanghai Jowell has the exclusive rights to provide consulting services to Shanghai Juhao related to the business operation and management of Shanghai Juhao. For such services, Shanghai Juhao agrees to pay service fees determined based on all of its net profit after tax payments to Shanghai Jowell or Shanghai Jowell has obligation to absorb all of Shanghai Juhao’s losses. The agreements remain in effect until and unless all parties agree to its termination, except the Exclusive Option Agreement that the effective term of 10 years and can be renewed for an additional 10 years. Until such termination, Shanghai Juhao may not enter into another agreement for the provision of management consulting services without the prior consent of Shanghai Jowell. Also, pursuant to the equity interest pledge agreement between the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao and Shanghai Jowell, such shareholders pledged all of their equity interests in Shanghai Juhao to Shanghai Jowell, to guarantee Shanghai Juhao’s performance of its obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation and Management Agreement. Without Shanghai Jowell’s prior written consent, the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao shall not transfer or assign the pledged equity interests, or incur or allow any encumbrance that would jeopardize Shanghai Jowell’s interests. If Shanghai Juhao breaches its contractual obligations under the aforesaid agreement, Shanghai Jowell, as the pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights and entitlements, including priority in receiving payments by the evaluation or proceeds from the auction or sale of all or part of the pledged equity interests of Shanghai Juhao, in accordance with legal procedures. In essence, Shanghai Jowell has been able to consolidate the financials of Shanghai Juhao. Therefore, Shanghai Juhao is considered a VIE under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Consolidation”, because the equity investments in Shanghai Juhao no longer have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, and the Company, through Shanghai Jowell, is the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Juhao.
On November 6, 2020, the Company effected a reverse stock split of its Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-3 pursuant to which all existing shareholders of record on that date surrendered an aggregate of 42,298,849 Ordinary Shares, or 66.67% of the then outstanding Ordinary Shares to the Company for no consideration. The shares surrendered were subsequently cancelled (“Reverse Split”).
On December 20, 2022, Shanghai Juhao incorporated Juhao Yuan Brand Management (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Juhao Yuan”) with a third-party in Hangzhou City and Shanghai Juhao owns 55% and the third party owns 45% equity interest of Juhao Yuan, respectively. Shanghai Juhao sold its 55% ownership to the 45% shareholder at $0 in August 2024 as Juhao Yuan has suffered consecutive losses since its establishment.
On April 13, 2023, Shanghai Jowell incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Lianfu in Shanghai city.
On September 5, 2024, Shanghai Jowell incorporated Baotou Juhaoyuan Trading Co., Ltd. (“Baotou Juhaoyuan”) in Baotou City, China, with a third-party individual that owns 30%, Shanghai Jowell owns 55% and an officer of the Company owns 15% equity interest of Baotou Juhaoyuan.
On October 25, 2023, the shareholders of the Company held an extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) and approved by an ordinary resolution of a share consolidation (the “Share Consolidation”) that (i) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) ordinary share par value $0.0016 each and (ii) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued preferred shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Preferred Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) preferred share, par value $0.0016 each. Immediately following the Share Consolidation, the shareholders of the Company approved by an ordinary resolution of share capital increase that the authorized share capital of the Company be increased to $800,000 divided into 500,000,000 shares of which (x) 450,000,000 shares are designated as ordinary shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share, and (y) 50,000,000 shares are designated as preferred shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share (the “Share Capital Increase”). At the Meeting, the shareholders of the Company also approved by a special resolution the third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company to reflect the Share Consolidation and the Share Capital Increase.
We have adopted a dual-class share structure such that our shares consist of Ordinary Shares and Preferred Shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Ordinary Share is entitled to one (1) vote and each Preferred Share is entitled to two (2) votes. The Preferred Shares may be converted into Ordinary Shares by its holder at any time at the option of the holder. We have authorized 50,000,000 Preferred Shares, par value $0.0016 and our largest shareholder Mr. Zhiwei Xu, directly and indirectly through Jowell Holdings Ltd., beneficially owns all 46,875 issued and outstanding Preferred Shares and 340,654 Ordinary Shares and therefore will have substantial influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions.
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The Company has subsidiaries in countries and jurisdictions including PRC and Hong Kong. Details of the subsidiaries and VIE of the Company are set out below:
| Name of Entity | Date of Incorporation |
Place of Incorporation |
% of Ownership |
Principal Activities | ||||||
| Jowell Tech | June 24, 2019 | Hong Kong | 100 | Holding Company | ||||||
| Shanghai Jowell | October 15, 2019 | Shanghai, China | 100 | Holding Company | ||||||
| Shanghai Juhao* | July 31, 2012 | Shanghai, China | 0 (VIE | ) | Online Retails | |||||
| Shanghai Lianfu | April 13, 2023 | Shanghai, China | 100 | % | Live Stream Ecommerce | |||||
| Baotou Juhaoyuan | September 5, 2024 | Baotou, China | 55 | % | Trading | |||||
| * | Shanghai Juhao has five wholly owned Juhao Best Choice Stores, located in the cities of Nantong and Changshu, and fifteen wholly owned subsidiaries engaging online promotion of Shanghai Juhao’s products and services located in the cities of Shanghai and Guangzhou. |
On March 19, 2021, the Company closed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 3,714,286 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, priced at $7.00 per share. On March 23, 2021, the underwriter exercised its over-allotment option to purchase an additional 557,143 ordinary shares at a price of $7.00 per share. The net proceeds of the Company’s IPO, including the proceeds from the sale of the over-allotment shares, totaled approximately $25.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and other related expenses. The Ordinary Shares have been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and trading under the ticker symbol “JWEL” since March 17, 2021. The share numbers and par value in this paragraph are before Share Consolidation in October 2023.
On July 27, 2021, Shanghai Juhao entered into a Capital Increase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Suzhou Industrial Park Hongrun Rural Small Amount Loan Co., Ltd. (“Hongrun”) and its shareholders identified on the signature pages thereto (the “Existing Shareholders”). Mr. Zhiwei Xu, then Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Company is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hongrun. Jiangsu Longrich Group Co., Ltd., the largest shareholder of Hongrun is also a related party of the Company. Pursuant to the Agreement, Shanghai Juhao contributed RMB 30 million (approximately $4.6 million) to Hongrun (the “Investment”) for 18.96% equity interest of Hongrun. Hongrun and Existing Shareholders agree the Investment will only be used for making loans to the owners of Juhao Best Choice Stores for their business development and expansion. Juhao Best Choice Stores are the community group-buying franchise stores launched by Shanghai Juhao in April 2021.
On June 13, 2022, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with six investors (“Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors in private placements of 5,230,000 ordinary shares of the Company at a purchase price of $1.20 per share for an aggregate offering price of $6,276,000.
On October 11, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with five purchasers, who are the product distributors and business partners of the Company in China. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company sold to them in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 2,576,600 ordinary shares of the Company at a purchase price of $1.40 per share, for aggregate proceeds to the Company of $3,607,240. The shares were offered and sold by the Company pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form F-3, which declared effective on August 31, 2022 (File No. 333-264109).
The share numbers for the public offering, private placement and registered direct offering are all pre-Share Consolidation numbers.
Our principal executive offices are located at 2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China 200082. Our telephone number at this address is +86-21-5521-01874. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at P.O. Box 31119 Grand Pavilion, Hibiscus Way, 802 West Bay Road, Grand Cayman, KY1-1205, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc. located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168. Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices.
The SEC maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures” for a discussion of our capital expenditures.
B. Business Overview
We are one of the leading cosmetics, health and nutritional supplements and household products e-commerce platforms in China. We offer our own brand products to customers and also sell and distribute health and nutritional supplements, cosmetic products and certain household products from other companies on our platform. In addition, we allow third-parties to open their own stores on our platform for a service fee based upon their sale revenues generated from their online stores and we provide them with our unique and valuable information about market needs, enabling them to better manage their sales effort, as well as an effective platform to promote their brands. We currently operate under four sales channels: Online Direct Sales, Authorized Retail Store Distribution, Third-party Merchants and Live streaming marketing.
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Shanghai Juhao started its operation in 2012 and is among the first group of membership-based online-to-offline cosmetics, health and nutritional supplements and household products e-commerce platforms in China. Today, we offer an online platform LHH Mall through Shanghai Juhao which holds an EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) certification approved by the Shanghai Communication Administration pursuant to the requirement of MIIT dated December 18, 2023 valid for 5 years, selling our own brand products manufactured by third-parties as well as international and domestic branded products from 200+ manufacturers. As of December 31, 2024, our platform had 2,485,533 VIP members who have registered on our platform, 274 merchants who have opened their own stores on our platform, and 52.6% of products sold on our platform were cosmetics and health and nutritional supplements. We also sell household products, such as pots and pans, smartphones, functional shoes, paper towels, cups, vacuum cleaners, massagers and towels on our platform, and those products account for 47.2% of the products sold on our platform for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Since August 2017, we have been also selling our products in our authorized retail stores all across China. Operating under our brand name of “Love Home Store” or “LHH Store”, the authorized retailers may operate as independent stores or store-in-shop (an integrated store), selling products that they purchased through our online platform LHH Mall under their special retailer accounts with us which provide them with major discounts. As of December 31, 2024, we had authorized 26,857 Love Home Stores in 31 provinces of China, providing offline retail of our products.
On April 28, 2021, the Company announced it has officially launched its “Juhao Best Choice” community group-buying store initiative to continue growing its offline retail market presence. The community group-buying offline stores sell fresh produce, foods and daily household consumer products in addition to the cosmetics and health and nutritional supplements currently sold in the Company’s franchised LHH Stores. The community group-buying stores aim to provide a more convenient shopping experience and high-quality produce and foods for consumers from local communities, towns and villages across China. Juhao Best Choice stores consolidate online and offline resources for store design and logistics services and provide guidance and trainings for store owners with a unified system for store management, design, service criteria, SKU management and product delivery. The Company also provides the store owners with live-streaming marketing skill training and upgrade and expands certain existing LHH Stores to Juhao Best Choice stores. As of December 31, 2024, Shanghai Juhao has opened five self-operated Juhao Best Choice community group buying stores in China as the experimental and demonstration stores for this development.
We have relationships with leading cosmetics and health and nutritional supplements manufacturers and distributors in China, which not only to provide us with high-quality products, but also supply chain services to our platform. By connecting these suppliers/distributors with our online sales and offline authorized stores, we have created a closed-circle to bring tremendous convenience and cost savings to our customers.
Through our website at www.1juhao.com and mobile app, we engage primarily in the sales of cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products sourced from manufacturers and distributors in China. Currently, we have three types of revenue streams deriving from our three major product categories: cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products. Other than the revenue from product sales, we also earn service fees charged to third-party merchants for using our platform, which was immaterial.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, approximately $36.3 million, or 27.3%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of cosmetic products, approximately $33.6 million, or 25.2%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of health and nutritional supplements and $62.8 million, or 47.2%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of household products.
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, approximately $55.1 million, or 34.4%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of cosmetic products, approximately $22.6 million, or 14.1%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of health and nutritional supplements and $81.8 million, or 51.1%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of household products.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, approximately $99.3 million, or 47.3%, of our revenue were generated from the sales of cosmetic products, approximately $39.9 million or 19% of our revenue were generated from the sales of health and nutritional supplements and $70.6 million or 33.6% of our revenue were generated from the sales of household products.
Our Sales Channels
We currently utilize four sales formats: Online Direct Sales, Authorized Retail Store Distribution, Third-party Merchants and Live Streaming Marketing.
Online Direct Sales. The Online Direct Sales model is mainly selling the products under our own brands or third-party products on our online shopping mall directly. We purchase these third-party products directly from manufacturers and suppliers and deliver them to our customers. This model generates the highest profit-margin among all our sales models.
Authorized Retail Store Distribution. Authorized Retail Store Distribution refers to our authorized physical retail stores that distributed products all over the country and they purchase their products from us and distribute them to consumers. Those stores may also use a small program developed by us which can be used on WeChat to promote products to their WeChat contacts who can place orders to purchase products either from those authorized stores or from our platform which we provide sale discounts for such orders placed on our platform but directed from our authorized stores. The material terms of the Love Home Health Franchise Store Contract with such store owners/franchisees include: (i) Shanghai Juhao will provide training to franchisee, which should pass the examination of Shanghai Juhao to be qualified as an authorized store; (ii) the franchisee shall obtain the business license, tax registration certificate and other relevant certificates required for operation according to law at its own costs; (iii) the franchisee shall abide by the rules and policies issued by Shanghai Juhao; (iv) during the term of the agreement, the franchisee may use Shanghai Juhao’s trademark and service mark and Shanghai Juhao authorizes the franchisee to sell the products or services of Shanghai Juhao; (v) Shanghai Juhao may inspect the operation of the franchisee from time to time; (vi) during the term of the agreement, the franchisee’s store structure, internal and external decoration shall comply with the standards set by Shanghai Juhao; (vii) the franchisee shall purchase the products from Shanghai Juhao for at least RMB 4,000 every two months; (viii) the franchisee shall sell the products (or provide services) at the price specified by Shanghai Juhao; (ix) the franchisee shall not transfer the operation right without authorization of Shanghai Juhao, and shall not conduct business beyond its authorized territory (the area within 1.5 km radius of the address of the franchisee); (x) the franchisee will receive a 20% discount of the retail price of the products sold directly on the LHH mall members; and (xi) the term of the agreement is usually one year subject to renewal.
Third-party Merchants. We hold an EDI certificate approved by Shanghai Bureau of Communication Management pursuant to the requirement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (“MIIT”), which allows our online shopping mall to accept third-party platforms and companies to open their stores on our platform and to enrich the product categories of our shopping mall and give consumers more choices. The material terms of the Juhao Mall Marketplace and Service Agreement for third-party stores in Juhao Mall with such store owners include: (i) the third-party store/merchant is responsible for stores set-up, sales, inventory management, logistics and after-sales services and Shanghai Juhao will provide assistance and charge relevant service fees; (ii) the merchant is responsible for the sales of its products on its online store, and the sales price shall be determined by the merchant, but shall not be lower than the minimum price agreed by the parties; (iii) if the merchant’s customers make payment through Shanghai Juhao’s online platform, Shanghai Juhao is obliged to pay the received payment to the merchant every month according to the payment method agreed in the agreement; (iv) if the customer finds that the product has shortage, defective or damage, or the variety, model, specification, color, quantity, shelf life and quality of the products is inconsistent with the order, he/she may reject the product and the merchant shall timely reissue or replace the product; (v) the merchant guarantees that the quality of the products it sells has met the national or international standards and met the general performance and use requirements of such product; (vi) the merchant guarantees to Shanghai Juhao that there is no dispute with any third-party on intellectual property rights and other rights of the products sold on Juhao’s platform; (vii) the merchant shall provide after-sale service and support for the products that it sold; (viii) Shanghai Juhao charges a fix service fee equals to 5% of the merchant’s store revenue and will also charge a performance fee between 0-5% based upon the monthly performance of the merchant store, i.e. the higher the sales reaches, the lower performance fee will apply and it will be no performance fee if the sales reaches RMB 100,000 in such month; and (ix) the term of the agreement is usually one year subject to renewal.
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Live streaming marketing. We also use the most popular online sales model, Live Streaming/Broadcasting Marketing. We train our authorized retail store owners to become live streamers participating in the live online broadcasting to the market and sell products. In addition, we constantly look for professional multi-channel network (MCN) agencies to work with their Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) to promote our products through live streaming on popular channels such as TikTok live, Kuaishou live and Taobao live. We have also provided free live streaming marketing classes to LLH Store owners, potential Juhao Best Choice store owners and anyone who is interested in live streaming which help students and young people obtain related employment and help us identify online selling and marketing talents for our marketing department. In April 2023, Shanghai Jowell established a new subsidiary Shanghai Lianfu Information Technology Co., Ltd. which is developing the marketing and sales of agricultural and fishing products on Tencent Short Video and other social media platforms.
Sales of Products
We have adopted three complementary sales formats on our internet platform for health and nutritional supplements, household products and cosmetics, which are the main products sold in our mall: curated sales, series sales and flash sales, pursuant to which we either sell products directly to customers as a principal or act as a service provider for third-party merchants who sell products on our internet platform. We provide our customers with the same shopping experience regardless of whether the products are sold by us or by third-party merchants.
Curated sales. We believe the curated sales format embraces value, quality and convenience for our customers and enhances our trendsetting image. We curate and recommend a carefully selected collection of branded products for a limited period of time at attractive prices. We carefully select popular cosmetic products that primarily appeal to females. We select and update the products for curated sales every day.
Series sales. In addition to the curated sales, we also use our internet platform to produce series sales models that conform to the trend, festivals and hot topics. We have selected multi category products in line with the theme in the series of topics, where consumers can compare and purchase through brand, price, scope of application and other parameters. We create topics and shopping scenes, so as to guide consumers to buy the products here. We collaborate with an extensive range of international and domestic suppliers and third-party merchants, who offer diversified and branded beauty and health and nutritional supplements.
Flash Sales. Our flash sales format features virtual stores of selected third-party merchants. Our flash sales products are selected from products sold under our own brand or third-party merchant products. At least four products are sold with large discount and limited quantity every day. Through the flash sales, we can increase the attention and stickiness of potential and existing consumers to our platform, and can also promote the products and reduce the backlog risk for those high inventory products. The third-party merchants need to register and reserve the spots for the flash sales with us in advance and we will arrange the products to be sold by flash sales according to the recent sales data for various products and their categories on the platform, so that the selected products can achieve the best sales and recognition by the customers.
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Products Offerings
Product Categories
We offer high quality and affordable products. The following table illustrates the categories of products we sell on our platform:
| Product Category | Product Description | |
| Health and nutritional supplements and foods | Products that regulate immune system, bone health products, beauty and beauty supplements | |
| Cosmetics | Lipstick, foundation, cream, eyebrow pencil, makeup remover, lip enamel, eye shadow, mascara, eye liner | |
| Skin care | Eye cream, eye mask, sunscreen cream, skin cream, moisturizing water, lotion, hand cream, cleansing cream, face cream, essence, facial mask | |
| Body Care | Body wash, shampoo, hair conditioner, hand sanitizer, essential oil, toothpaste, mouthwash, essential oil soap | |
| For babies and children | Moisture cream, shower gel, shampoo, baby toothpaste, diaper | |
| Washing items | Detergent, washing powder, washing tablet, washing liquid, kitchen cleaner, soap, pipe dredger | |
| Fragrances | Perfume for men and women | |
| Food | Snacks, roasted sunflower seeds and nuts, biscuits and pastries, health foods, beverages, wines, prepared products, kitchen seasoning, dry grain and oil | |
| Electronics | Large electronic appliances, home appliances, kitchen appliances, cosmetic electronic appliances | |
| Apparel | Men’s and women’s shoes, suitcases and accessories | |
| Household Products | Home textile, maternal and infant products, kitchenware, daily life necessities, cosmetic products |
We also sell the following products under our own brands:
| Product Category | Product Description | |
| Skin care | Facial mask | |
| Body Care | Body wash, shampoo, hair conditioner | |
| For babies and children | Lip balm, baby massage oil, moisture cream, shower gel, shampoo, hand sanitizer, baby toothpaste, diaper, baby soap | |
| Food | Roasted seeds and nuts, beverages, prepared products | |
| Electronics | Home appliances | |
| Apparel | Suitcases and accessories | |
| Household Products | Daily life necessities |
Exclusive Products
To enhance consumers’ attraction to our product offerings and online shopping mall, we enter into exclusive arrangements from time to time with certain manufacturers and suppliers to offer exclusive products, including products under our owns brand names on our platform. In addition, through exclusive arrangements with suppliers, we are able to offer selected SKUs and sets of cosmetic products under popular brands exclusively on our platform, such as selected SKUs and sets of cosmetic products under the FRUITY brand of Longrich Group Co., Ltd, a related-party and Zoflora disinfectants from the leading European pharmaceutical company STADA. We do not substantially depend on such products from any of our exclusive products suppliers.
In response to the sluggish market and demand for low-priced products after a slow recovery from the pandemic, we have launched high-quality yet affordable daily necessities this year.
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Customers
Our large, engaged and loyal customer base is the key to our success. The loyalty of our customer base is demonstrated by repeat purchase rates. In 2024, there were 343,440 customer-placed orders on our platform, of which 105,908 or 30.84% are repeat customers. In 2023, there were 131,616 customer-placed orders on our platform, of which 48,591 or 36.92% are repeat customers. In 2022, there were 184,079 customer-placed orders on our platform, of which 62,936 or 34.19% are repeat customers. In 2024, the number of repeat customers increased by 117.96% compared with 2023. In 2023, the number of repeat customers decreased by 22.80% compared with 2022. If a customer returns to our platform and purchases from us within 30 days from his/her previous purchase, it is considered as a repeat customer.
Marketing
We believe that the most efficient form of marketing for our business is to continuously roll out creative and cost-efficient marketing campaigns to establish our brand image as a trendsetter for safe and healthy products. These marketing campaigns promote word-of-mouth referrals and enhance repeat customer visits to our internet platform. We also use live streaming marketing, social media and self-media platform marketing such as our WeChat public information release account to communicate with our customers and issue promotions and products information and live streaming promotion of our products through TikTok Live, Kuaishou live and Taobao live. As a result, we have been able to build a large, engaged and loyal customer base with relatively low customer acquisition costs. Our cost-effective marketing campaigns have allowed us to have relatively low marketing expenses.
As part of our viral marketing strategy, we offer various incentives to our existing customers in order to increase their spending and loyalty. Our customers can earn cash coupons for eligible purchases and become VIP members by registering their information with us on our platform, which status offers them additional benefits such as cash coupon rewards, exclusive products and free samples. We offer gifts and lucky draw promotions on our internet platform. Our customers can also earn cash coupons for successful referrals of new members and customers. In addition, we conduct online advertising via search engines, portals, advertising networks, video sharing websites, and social networking and microblogging sites, we encourage our customers to share their shopping experiences with us through social media and networking websites in China.
Our Internet Platforms
Our 1juhao.com website
Integrating convenience, aesthetics and functionality, our website aims to actively drive consumer spending by strategically featuring a carefully selected catalog of popular items. We focus on creating a superior online shopping experience for our customers providing detailed product descriptions, thoughtful peer reviews and multi-angle picture illustrations designed to assist our customers in making purchase decisions. Our website interface is fully integrated with our warehouse management system, enabling us to track order and delivery status on a real-time basis.
Our Mobile Platform
We believe consumers will increasingly shop online through mobile apps when the economy turns around. Therefore, we continue to invest resources to build a mobile application platform dedicated to providing superior mobile shopping experience. We use different sales channels to market and sell the products on our online shopping mall, except for the products purchased and picked up walk-in customers at our authorized stores. For the products sold through our online shopping mall, which represents the majority of our sales, these are either purchased on our online portal/platform or through our mobile app. In 2024, we generated approximately 9.25% of Gross Merchandise Volume (“GMV”) from our mobile app and the remaining 90.75% was generated on our online portal/platform. In 2023, we generated approximately 6.02% of Gross Merchandise Volume (“GMV”) from our mobile app and the remaining 93.98% was generated on our online portal/platform. In 2022, we generated approximately 8.76% of GMV from our mobile app and the remaining 91.24% was generated on our online portal/platform.
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Our Android- and iOS-based mobile applications allow customers to quickly and efficiently view, search, select and purchase products offered on our platform. The layout of products offered on our mobile applications is intuitive and easy to use. Customers can browse our recommended product selections, in particular our curated sales which are immediately accessible as soon as our mobile applications are activated on their mobile devices, and make quick purchases at any time and regardless of their locations. In addition, customers can conveniently browse and search for products based on brand, category, product functionality, and can sort product listings by popularity, price and discount level. Users may also subscribe to future curated sales notifications from our mobile applications.
The unique product offerings and functions on our mobile platform further enhance mobile user experience and engagement. Certain selected products and sales events are offered exclusively on our mobile applications to increase their popularity. We also seek to provide customers with customized shopping experience through analyzing and understanding their transaction histories and browsing patterns on our mobile application and to develop targeted sales events to increase customer loyalty and enhance cross-selling opportunities. A direct dial feature on our mobile platform allows users to call our customer service with a single click. We periodically send product promotional information to our mobile application users through text messages and mobile push notifications. We also continuously work on developing additional features to better utilize mobile device functionalities to enhance user experience.
Authorized Physical Stores
Since August 2017, we have been selling our products in our authorized retail stores, namely LHH (Love Home) Stores. All products sold in these stores must be purchased on our online LHH shopping platform though such retailers’ accounts with us so they can receive discounts on their orders, which are not available for regular online customers. When an authorized store places orders on our platform, we can deliver products to the specific store or directly to its end customers; all orders go through the retailer account number for each store for a major discount and we can track sales for each store. We will review, evaluate and qualify potential physical stores before they can become authorized stores, including business qualification and decoration requirements. As an important part of our strategy to better serve consumers, we had 26,857 offline authorized stores spread out in 31 provinces in China as of December 31, 2024, providing both online and offline retail and wholesale services to our customers. By connecting upstream suppliers, distributors and offline authorized store services, we have created a closed-loop platform, which we believe brings convenience and cost savings to our consumers. We plan to develop additional authorized physical stores to establish our presence in major cities in China and worldwide, to expand our market, build greater trust with our customers and to further broaden our brand awareness.
Our Suppliers and Third-Party Merchants
Since our inception, we have attracted a broad group of suppliers for health and nutritional supplements, household products and cosmetic products and third-party merchants for beauty, apparel and other lifestyle products. Our suppliers and third-party merchants include brand owners, brand distributors, resellers and exclusive product suppliers. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately 799 suppliers and 274 third-party merchants. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 427 suppliers and 421 third-party merchants. We charge a service fee to third-party merchants that open stores on our platform based upon their sales volume generated from their online stores ranging from 5% – 10% of their revenues. The higher the sale volume is, the lower service fee percentage will apply. We do not provide delivery service for third-party merchants and they purchase their own products and use their own delivery services. We believe our reputation as a brand incubator and our ability to assist suppliers and third-party merchants in effectively selling their inventory and fulfilling their demand for marketing will help us attract new suppliers and third-party merchants and build stronger ties with our existing ones.
Supplier and Third-party Merchant Selection.
We have implemented a strict and systematic selection process for suppliers and third-party merchants. Our merchandizing team is responsible for identifying potential suppliers and third-party merchants globally based on our selection guidelines. Our key supplier and third-party merchant selection criteria include company size, reputation, sales records in offline and online channels and product offerings. We generally choose to work with reputable suppliers and third-party merchants with reliable track records and high-quality product offerings. Once a potential supplier or third-party merchant is identified, we conduct due diligence reviews based on our selection criteria including qualifications, background, product quality, pricing, payment terms and services. For our exclusive products, we typically identify suppliers from trade shows and on-site visits based on our selection criteria, including the relevant qualifications and governmental permits. We also conduct detailed factory auditing on the supplier’s manufacturing capability and production process to control product quality.
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Supply Arrangements.
We generally enter into framework supply agreements with suppliers and third-party merchants annually based on our standard form. We constantly communicate with our suppliers and third-party merchants to keep them informed of any changes to the inventory levels of their products in order for them to timely respond to our sales demands. Before hosting a major sales event, we provide advance notice to our suppliers and third-party merchants so that they can prepare ample stock to meet potential surge in demand and increased purchases.
Product Selection.
Our merchandizing team members possess insightful knowledge and understanding of existing and potential customers’ needs and preferences. Before selecting each product, we consider and analyze historical sales data, fashion trends, seasonality and customer feedback to project how many items of a particular product we should offer for curated sales, in our online shopping mall or for flash sales. To maximize the outcome of our curated sales, we carefully plan our product mix to achieve a balanced and complementary product offering across different product categories.
Quality Control.
In addition to our product selection process, we believe we have one of the most stringent quality assurance and control procedures in the e-commerce industry for products delivered through our logistics network in China. We are currently collaborating with a leading institution in China to conduct periodic laboratory tests on randomly selected samples of products provided by our suppliers and third-party merchants. The tests are designed to analyze the chemical composition of sample products to ensure their authenticity and quality. Any non-compliant products identified will subject the supplier or third-party merchant to fines as well as permanent termination of business relationship with such a supplier or third-party merchant. We commit to the high-quality standards of products offerings sold through our internet platform.
Furthermore, we diligently examine the product sourcing channel and qualification of our suppliers, carefully inspect all products delivered to our logistics centers, and reject or return products that do not meet our quality standards or the purchase order specifications. We also reject any products with broken or otherwise compromised packaging. In addition, we check all products before shipment from our warehouse shipping center to our customers to ensure there is no apparent damage and conduct random periodic quality checks on our inventory. For non-compliant products, we immediately take them off from our internet platform. Furthermore, we typically require suppliers and third-party merchants to pay deposits or provide advance payment guarantees. For products that are not processed by our logistics centers, we carefully scrutinize the product sourcing channels of third-party merchants and impose penalties, typically in amounts equal to several times the value of the relevant products.
Advance Payment to Suppliers.
We make periodic advances to our suppliers for product purchases in the normal course of business.
Our largest supplier, Longrich Group and its subsidiaries, is a related party of the Company. Since its establishment in 1986, Longrich Group grew to five manufacturing factories and ten R & D bases in the world. Longrich Group has built a large-scale, flexible and intelligent production line and manufacturing process around its core business of cosmetics products.
Payment and Fulfillment
Payment
We provide our customers with a number of payment options including cash on delivery (for selected cities), bank transfers, online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major banks in China, and payment through major third-party online payment platforms, such as Alipay and WeChat Pay.
As part of our marketing efforts, we distribute cash coupons that can be used by our members to offset the purchase price of our products. Furthermore, our customers can use the account balances on our platform accumulated from prior product refunds to make future purchases.
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Fulfillment
We have established a logistics and delivery network with nationwide coverage. We have adopted a flexible logistics model supported by our robust and advanced warehouse management system. We use third-party nationwide and regional delivery companies to ensure reliable and timely delivery.
Our logistics center is strategically located in Changshu city in Eastern China.
Our warehouse management system enables us to closely monitor each step of the fulfillment process from the time a purchase order is confirmed and the product stocked in our logistics centers, up to when the product is packaged and picked up by delivery service providers for delivery to a customer. We closely monitor the speed and service quality of the third-party merchants that open stores on our platform through customer surveys and feedback from our customers to ensure customer satisfaction.
Delivery Services
We deliver orders placed on our internet platform to all areas in China through reputable third-party delivery companies with nationwide coverage, and regional delivery companies. For delivery to remote regions of China, we use China Post. We generally include the delivery cost in the fulfillment costs, except in rare instances of bulk orders where we require the purchaser to pay for shipping expenses.
We leverage our large-scale operations and reputation to obtain favorable contractual terms from third-party delivery companies. In order to reduce the cost of third-party logistics as much as possible, we usually only sign a year-round agreement with express companies to receive better rates. We regularly monitor and review the delivery companies’ performance and their compliance with our contractual terms. We typically negotiate and enter into logistics agreements on an annual basis.
Customer Service
We believe our emphasis on customer service enhances our brand image and customer loyalty. Customers can access our sales and after-sales service hotlines and online representatives 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Our customer service center is located in our branch company in Changshu city. We train our customer service representatives to answer customer inquiries and proactively educate potential customers about our products and promptly resolve customer complaints. Each representative is required to complete mandatory training conducted by experienced managers on product knowledge, complaint handling and communication skills.
We believe we have one of the most customer-friendly return policies in the online retail markets in China. For most of the products in our online mall, we and our third-party merchants generally offer a 7-day product return policy, as long as the product is not used, damaged, is returned in its original state and can be resold.
Once a customer submits a return application request online, our customer service representatives will review and process the request or contact the customer by e-mail or by phone if there are any questions relating to the request. Upon receipt of the returned product, we credit the customer’s Juhao member or payment account with the purchase price. We fully cover the return shipment costs for our products. We believe our hassle-free return policies help build customer trust and increase customer loyalty and our sales.
Technology
Our technology systems are designed to enhance efficiency and scalability and play an important role in the success of our business. We rely on our copyright protected APP software and other internally developed proprietary technologies to improve our website and management systems in order to optimize every aspect of our operations for the benefit of our customers, suppliers and third-party merchants.
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We have adopted a service-oriented architecture supported by data processing technologies which consists of front-end, mid-end and back-end modules. Our network infrastructure is built upon self-owned servers located in data centers operated by third-party internet data center providers. We are implementing enhanced cloud architecture and infrastructure for our core data processing system to augment our existing virtual private network as we continue to expand our operations, enabling us to achieve significant internal efficiency through a virtual and centralized network platform.
Our front-end modules facilitate the online shopping processes of our customers. Our front-end modules are supported by our content distribution network, dynamic and distributed clusters and a core database, providing our customers with quicker access to the product display they are interested in, and facilitating faster processing of their purchases. We have designed our systems to cope with our maximum peak concurrent visitors at all times. As a result of such foresight, we are able to provide our customers with a constantly smooth online shopping experience. Our mid-end modules support our daily administrative and business operations and our back-end modules support our supply chain and greatly enhance the efficiency of our operations.
Our business intelligence systems enable us to effectively gather, analyze and make use of internally-generated customer behavior and transaction data as permitted under laws and regulations. We regularly use this information in planning our marketing initiatives for upcoming curated sales and merchandizing for our online shopping mall. We have developed most of the key business modules in-house. We also acquired software use rights from reputable third-party providers and work closely with these third-party providers to customize the software for our operations. We have implemented a number of measures to prevent data failure and loss. We have developed a disaster tolerant system for our key business modules which includes real-time data mirroring, real-time data back-up and redundancy and load balancing. We believe our module-based systems are highly scalable, which enables us to quickly expand system capacity and add new features and functionality to our systems in response to our business needs and evolving customers’ demands without affecting the operation of existing modules. In addition, we have also adopted rigorous security policies and measures to protect our proprietary data and customer information.
Intellectual Property
We regard our trademarks, software copyrights, service marks, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark, copyright and trade secret protection laws in the PRC, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions with our employees, service providers, suppliers, third-party merchants and others to protect our proprietary rights. We believe that more and more consumers will shop online through mobile internet.
Competition
The retail markets of health and nutritional supplements, cosmetics and household products in China are fragmented and highly competitive. We face competition from traditional health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic products retailers, such as traditional Chinese medicine stores, health and nutritional supplements stores and department stores, and online cosmetic products retailers, such as Jumei, Lefeng, as well as general e-commerce platforms, such as Suning.com Co., Ltd., which operates Suning.com, Alibaba Group, which operates Taobao.com and Tmall.com, Amazon China which operates Amazon.cn, JD.com, Inc., which operates JD.com, Vipshop Holdings Ltd., which operates VIP.com, and E-Commerce China Dangdang Inc., which operates Dangdang.com.
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1. Competitive advantages of Juhao’s online and offline retail model
We have been using big data and artificial intelligence technologies to collect and analyze consumers’ activities on our platform and their shopping patterns as permitted under laws and regulations, such as the time each customer spends on our platform, the web pages such customer visits, how long the customer spends on each web page, how often such customer visits our site, average spending amount that such customer spends each order and products she/he purchase, the location of such customer, whether she/he is a repeat customer, from which search engine or portal such customer is directed to our site and whether she/he use computer or mobile-app, etc. We also use big data and artificial intelligence to analyze our suppliers’ products, qualifications, production capacity, technology, management and credibility. Relying on the Internet, through the use of big data, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies, we continuously upgrade our product offering and service processes to improve our business model so that it deeply integrates online service, offline experience and modern logistics.
Ecosystem
Our business platform includes an online shopping platform, mobile app, physical stores, warehouse and shipping center and marketing channels which are embedded to improve our capability to better meet our consumers’ requirements for convenient and comfortable shopping experience, which ultimately increase user stickiness.
Boundless
Through the efficient integration of online platform and offline stores, consumers can enjoy shopping at any time and any place, through a series of diversified channels such as physical stores, online shopping malls, live streaming shopping, self-media platform such as our WeChat public information release account. Our customers can interact with companies or other consumers, including discussion of product experience, product consultation and purchase of products and services.
Intelligent Business Model
The important foundation for the existence and development of our business model is the improvement of personalization, instantaneity, convenience, interaction, accuracy and fragmentation in the shopping experience of our customers. In 2021, Shanghai Juhao started to use Zhonglun intelligent cashier cloud-based platform, which is aimed to realize its online and offline interaction and launch a self-checking out system with self-service cashier equipment in certain of its offline stores. In 2021, our Juhao Best Choice Stores launched Qiyun Choice community group purchase business, combined with 5G telecom, to further develop Juhao online and offline connection, aiming to the transformation to unmanned logistics for the last kilometer of the delivery to destinations with our community stores. Also, Shanghai Juhao established a cooperation relationship with ZTO Express in smart logistics and new community retail, which allowed Shanghai Juhao to connect to ZTO’s cloud-based warehousing system, and to transform to intelligent logistics relying on ZTO’s cloud warehouse system. We plan to continue to develop our “intelligent” shopping method which will consist of the comprehensive application of 5G telecommunication, intelligent virtual clothes fitting room, 3D remote touch sensing, photo search, voice shopping, VR shopping, and virtual assistant.
Shopping Experience
With the continuous growth of per capita disposable personal income of Chinese urban residents and the great enrichment of consumption goods, we believe that consumption will gradually change from price based to value- based shopping, and the quality of shopping experience will increasingly become the key factor for consumers. In real life, people’s recognition and understanding of a brand often come from brick and mortar store, and our experiential business mode is to embed products into all kinds of real life scenarios created by using off-line stores, which gives consumers a direct opportunity to comprehensively and deeply understand goods and services, thus triggering consumers’ perception of the comprehensive feedback including the sense of hearing, taste and other aspects, this can not only enhance people’s sense of participation and acceptance, but also further discover the value of offline stores.
2. Advantages of our Juhao e-commerce platform
We have obtained an EDI license certificate issued by the Shanghai Communications Administration. In China, only a few major e-commerce platforms have obtained this certificate, such as Taobao.com (an Alibaba Group company). This certificate not only allows us to sell products sourced from third parties on our online shopping mall, but also allows us to have third-party merchants, enterprises or individuals open stores on our e-commerce platform to sell their own products. We believe such distinctive advantage brings more consumers to our Juhao platform and contributes to the growth of our business.
We believe we can compete effectively against our competitors. However, some of our current and potential competitors may have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, better brand recognition, stronger platform management and fulfillment capabilities and greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We face fierce competition in the health and nutritional supplements and cosmetic markets in China. We may not be able to keep pace with competition in our industry, which could adversely affect our market share and result in a decrease in our future sales and earnings.”
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Regulations
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in China.
The relevant regulations promulgated by such government authorities are described below.
Regulations of operation and service of e-commerce and authorized retail store
We operate under a license for value–added telecom businesses of the People’s Republic of China (EDI), authorized by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, or MIIT, which has approved the Shanghai Juhao platform for operating online data processing and transaction processing services. Our license was approved on February 1, 2019, then renewed on February 1, 2024 and is valid for 5 years. Shanghai Juhao was at its early development stage between 2012 and 2017 and it did not apply for a value-added telecommunications business license until 2017. At its early business development stage, the Company’s business operation was small and revenue from service fees generated by third-party stores was immaterial in the overall business and total revenue of the Company. Our PRC counsel believes, due to the immaterial amount from valued-added telecommunication business from 2012 until we received the approval in 2019, that it is unlikely that such operation without an appropriate license will be considered as a material violation of the regulation by the regulator and that the possibility that the Company be penalized is remote. In addition, Mr. Zhiwei Xu, a major shareholder of Shanghai Juhao, has provided an indemnification letter to the Company and agreed that he will indemnify Shanghai Juhao and Company for any losses and penalties imposed by government agencies due to the lack of a value-added telecommunication business license prior to February 1, 2019
Under the Telecommunications Regulations of the People’s Republic of China and Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, a telecommunications service provider is required to procure operating licenses from the MIIT or its provincial counterparts, prior to the commencement of its operations, otherwise such operator might be subject to sanctions including corrective orders and warnings from the competent administration authority, fines and confiscation of illegal gains. In case of serious violations, the operator’s websites may be ordered to be closed. If there is illegal income, the illegal income shall be confiscated. A fine ranging from three to five times the amount of the illegal income; if there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than RMB 50,000, a fine ranging from RMB 100,000 to RMB1,000,000 shall be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, and the website shall be closed. If such operations disrupt the order of the telecommunications market and constitute a criminal offence, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law. In addition to the requirement to be approved as an EDI, in 2017 the MIIT published Order No. 321, which requires an EDI to submit annual report starting in 2021. The Company has submitted and passed current annual report for 2024.
E-Commerce Law of the PRC
On January 26, 2014, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC (which is the predecessor of the State Administration for Market Regulation) promulgated the Administrative Measures for Online Trading, or the Online Trading Measures, which became effective on March 15, 2014, to regulate all operating activities for product sales and services provision via the internet (including mobile internet). It stipulates the obligations of online products operators and services providers and certain special requirements applicable to third-party platform operators, and was replaced on May 1, 2021 by the Regulatory and Administrative Measures for Online Trading, as promulgated by the SAMR on March 15, 2021. Furthermore, MOFCOM promulgated the Provisions on the Procedures for Formulating Transaction Rules of Third-Party Online Retail Platforms (Trial) on December 24, 2014, which became effective on April 1, 2015, to guide and regulate the formulation, revision and enforcement of transaction rules by online retail third-party platforms operators. These measures impose more stringent requirements and obligations on third-party platform operators. For example, third-party platform operators are obligated to make their transaction rules publicly available and file them with MOFCOM or their respective provincial counterparts, examine and register the legal status of each third-party merchant selling products or services on their platforms and display on a prominent location of the merchant’s webpage the information stated in the merchant’s business license or a link to its business license. Where third-party platform operators also conduct self-operation of products or services on the platform, these third-party platform operators must make a clear distinction between their online direct sales and sales of products by third-party merchants on their third-party platforms to avoid misleading the consumers.
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On August 31, 2018, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China (“SCNPC”) promulgated the E-Commerce Law of the PRC, or the E-Commerce Law, which became effective on January 1, 2019. The promulgation of the E-Commerce Law established the basic legal framework for the development of China’s e-commerce business and clarified the obligations of the operators of e-commerce platforms and the possible legal consequences if operators of e-commerce platforms are found to be in violation of legal obligations. For example, pursuant to the E-Commerce Law, an operator of an e-commerce platform shall give appropriate reminders to and facilitate the business operators on its platform who have not completed the formalities for the registration of market entities to complete such formalities. Also, an operator of an e-commerce platform is legally obligated to verify and register the information of the business operators on its platform, prepare emergency plans in response to possible cyber security incidents, keep the transaction information for no less than three years from the date on which the transaction has been completed, establish rules on the protection of intellectual property rights and conform to the principle of openness, fairness and justice. Violation of the provisions of the E-Commerce Law may result in being ordered to make corrections within a prescribed period of time, confiscation of illegally obtained gains, fines, suspension of business, inclusion of such violations in the credit records and possible civil liabilities.
The Company’s business operation is online retail business which includes online data processing and transaction processing services; therefore, the-above E-Commerce laws and regulations apply to the Company. We have set up all necessary formalities and requirements in accordance with applicable E-Commerce laws and regulations for our customers and vendors who are using our E-Commerce platform and taken necessary measures and steps to keep us, our business partners and customers in compliance with these laws and regulations.
Regulations Relating to Foreign Investment
The PRC Foreign Investment Law
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which has taken effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced three existing laws on foreign investments in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Foreign Investment Law embodies a regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic invested enterprises in China. The Foreign Investment Law establishes the basic framework for the access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign investments in view of investment protection and fair competition.
According to the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by one or more natural persons, business entities, or otherwise organizations of a foreign country (collectively referred to as “foreign investor”) within China, and the investment activities include the following situations: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within China; (ii) a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, shares in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise within China; (iii) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests in a new project within China; and (iv) investments in other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations, or the State Council.
According to the Foreign Investment Law, the State Council will publish or approve to publish a catalogue for special administrative measures, or the “negative list.” The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign invested entities, except for those foreign invested entities that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the “negative list”. Because the “negative list” has yet to be published by the State Council, it is unclear whether it will differ from the current Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) promulgated by the NDRC and the MOFCOM. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested entities operating in foreign restricted or prohibited industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC governmental authorities.
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Furthermore, the Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested enterprises established according to the existing laws regulating foreign investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within five years after the implementing of the Foreign Investment Law.
In addition, the Foreign Investment Law also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC, including, among others, that local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; foreign-invested enterprises are allowed to issue stocks and corporate bonds; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a timely manner, expropriation or requisition of the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; mandatory technology transfer is prohibited; and the capital contributions, profits, capital gains, proceeds out of asset disposal, licensing fees of intellectual property rights, indemnity or compensation legally obtained, or proceeds received upon settlement by foreign investors within China, may be freely remitted inward and outward in RMB or a foreign currency. Also, foreign investors or foreign investment enterprises should be imposed legal liabilities for failing to report investment information in accordance with the requirements.
This new Foreign Investment Law has provided a more transparent foreign investment environment in China. Particularly, this new law has changed the regulatory procedure from a pre-approval requirement to the negative list system, which means the foreign invested company may engage in any business activities that are not in the negative list and pre-approval is not required anymore.
Negative List Relating to Foreign Investment
Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are principally governed by the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Admission of Foreign Investment and the Catalog of Industries Encouraging Foreign Investment promulgated and as amended from time to time by MOFCOM and National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”). In June, 2020, the MOFCOM and the NDRC promulgated the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2020 Version), or the Negative List, which was further replaced by the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2024 Version), as promulgated by the MOFCOM and the NDRC in September 2024 and became effective on November 1, 2024. Industries listed in the Negative List are divided into two categories: restricted and prohibited. Industries not listed in the Negative List are generally deemed as constituting a third “permitted” category. Establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is generally allowed in permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are required to hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, restricted category projects are subject to higher-level government approvals. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Negative List are generally open to foreign investment unless specifically restricted by other PRC regulations.
To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE to operate our e-commerce business in China. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE for our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.”
Shanghai Juhao, the VIE, engages in e-commerce retail and related services, including online data processing and transaction processing service, which are within the category in which foreign investment is classified into License Category pursuant to the most recently published Negative List 2024 version. In addition, we intend to centralize our management and operation in the PRC to avoid being restricted from conducting certain business activities which are important for our current or future business but are currently restricted or might be restricted in the future. As such, we believe the contractual arrangements between the WFOE and the VIE are necessary and essential for our business operations. These contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders enable us to exercise effective control over the variable interest entity and hence consolidate its financial results.
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Regulations Relating to Internet Information Security and Privacy Protection
The PRC Constitution states that the PRC laws protect the freedom and privacy of communications of citizens and prohibit infringement on such rights. PRC government authorities have enacted laws and regulations with respect to internet information security and protection of personal information from any abuse or unauthorized disclosure, which include the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Internet Security Protection enacted and amended by the SCNPC on December 28, 2000 and August 27, 2009, respectively, the Provisions on the Technical Measures for Internet Security Protection issued by the Ministry of Public Security on January 13, 2006 and took effect on March 1, 2006, the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Strengthening Network Information Protection promulgated by the SCNPC on December 28, 2012, the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services promulgated by the MIIT on December 29, 2011, and the Provisions on Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunication and Internet Users released by the MIIT on July 16, 2013. Internet information in China is regulated from a national security standpoint.
The Provisions on Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunication and Internet Users regulate the collection and use of users’ personal information in the provision of telecommunications services and internet information services in the PRC. Telecommunication business operators and internet service providers are required to formulate and disclose their own rules for the collection and use of users’ information. Telecommunication business operators and internet service providers must specify the purposes, manners and scopes of information collection and uses, obtain consent from the relevant citizens, and keep the collected personal information confidential. Telecommunication business operators and internet service providers are prohibited from disclosing, tampering with, damaging, selling or illegally providing others with, collected personal information. Telecommunication business operators and internet service providers are required to take technical and other measures to prevent the collected personal information from any unauthorized disclosure, damage or loss. Once users terminate the use of telecommunications services or internet information services, telecommunications business operators and internet information service providers shall stop the collection and use of the personal information of users and provide the users with services for deregistering their account numbers.
The Provisions on Protecting Personal Information of Telecommunication and Internet Users further define the personal information of user to include user name, birth date, identification number, address, phone number, account number, passcode, and other information that may be used to identify the user independently or in combination with other information and the timing, places, etc. of the use of services by the users. Furthermore, according to the Interpretations on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases Involving Infringement on Citizens’ Personal Information, or the Interpretations issued by the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on May 8, 2017 and took effect on June 1, 2017, personal information means various information recorded electronically or through other manners, which may be used to identify individuals or activities of individuals, including, but not limited to, the name, identification number, contact information, address, user account number and passcode, property ownership and whereabouts.
The Company is legally obligated to protect the information of its customers and vendors, especially for the personal data of its consumers, such as identity, consuming pattern, and other personal information.
On November 1, 2015, the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law of the PRC issued by the SCNPC became effective, pursuant to which, any internet service provider that fails to comply with obligations related to internet information security administration as required by applicable laws and refuses to rectify upon order is subject to criminal penalty for (i) any large-scale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe consequences due to the leakage of the user information; (iii) any serious loss of criminal evidence; or (iv) other severe circumstances. Furthermore, any individual or entity that (i) sells or distributes personal information in a manner which violates relevant regulations, or (ii) steals or illegally obtain any personal information is subject to criminal penalty under severe circumstances.
On June 1, 2017, the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or the Cyber Security Law, promulgated by SCNPC took effect, which is formulated to maintain the network security, safeguard the cyberspace sovereignty, national security and public interests, protect the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and requires that a network operator, which includes, among others, internet information services providers, take technical measures and other necessary measures to safeguard the safe and stable operation of the networks, effectively respond to the network security incidents, prevent illegal and criminal activities, and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and availability of network data. The Cyber Security Law reaffirms the basic principles and requirements set forth in other existing laws and regulations on personal information protections and strengthens the obligations and requirements of internet service providers, which include but are not limited to: (i) keeping all user information collected strictly confidential and setting up a comprehensive user information protection system; (ii) abiding by the principles of legality, rationality and necessity in the collection and use of user information and disclosure of the rules, purposes, methods and scopes of collection and use of user information; and (iii) protecting users’ personal information from being leaked, tampered with, destroyed or provided to third parties. Any violation of the provisions and requirements under the Cyber Security Law and other related regulations and rules may result in administrative liabilities such as warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses, suspension of business, and shutting down of websites, or, in severe cases, criminal liabilities. After the release of the Cyber Security Law, on May 2, 2017, Cyberspace Administration of China issued the Measures for Security Reviews of Network Products and Services (Trial), or the Review Measures, which become effective on June 1, 2017. The Review Measures establish the basic framework and principle for national security reviews of network products and services.
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The recommended national standard, Information Security Technology Personal Information Security Specification, puts forward specific refinement requirements on the collection, preservation, use and commission processing, sharing, transfer, public disclosure, etc. Although it is not mandatory, in the absence of clear implementation rules and standards for the law on cyber security and other personal information protection, it will be used as the basis for judging and making determinations. On November 28, 2019, The Notice of Identification Method of Application Illegal Collection and Use of Personal Information was issued, which provides a reference for the identification of App illegal collection and use of personal information, and provides guidance for App operators’ self-inspection and self-correction and netizens’ social supervision.
As an online retail platform operator and service provider, we are subject to these laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, storage, transfer, disclosure and security of personally identifiable information with respect to our customers, vendors and employees including any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to this data. Further, PRC regulators have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection. We expect that these areas will receive greater public scrutiny and attention from regulators, which could increase our compliance costs and subject us to heightened risks and challenges. If we are unable to manage these risks, we could become subject to penalties, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, and our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer
On July 7, 2022, CAC promulgated the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer, effective on September 1, 2022, which requires the data processors to apply for data cross-border security assessment coordinated by the CAC under the following circumstances: (i) any data processor transfers important data to overseas; (ii) any critical information infrastructure operator or data processor who processes personal information of over 1 million people provides personal information to overseas; (iii) any data processor who provides personal information to overseas and has already provided personal information of more than 100,000 people or sensitive personal information of more than 10,000 people to overseas since January 1st of the previous year and; and (iv) other circumstances under which the data cross-border transfer security assessment is required as prescribed by the CAC.
Personal Information Protection Law of the PRC
On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Personal Information Protection Law”), effective from November 1, 2021. The Personal Information Protection Law requires, among others, that (i) the processing of personal information should have a clear and reasonable purpose which should be directly related to the processing purpose, in a method that has the least impact on personal rights and interests, and (ii) the collection of personal information should be limited to the minimum scope necessary to achieve the processing purpose to avoid the excessive collection of personal information. Different types of personal information and personal information processing will be subject to various rules on consent, transfer, and security. Entities handling personal information bear responsibilities for their personal information handling activities and shall adopt necessary measures to safeguard the security of the personal information they handle. Otherwise, the entities handling personal information could be ordered to correct, or suspend or terminate the provision of services, and face confiscation of illegal income, fines or other penalties.
Regulations Relating to Food Trade
General Administration of Food Marketing
The Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China has been implemented since June 2009, revised by the Chinese People’s Congress in April 2015, December 29, 2018 and April 29, 2021. The Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China took effect in July 2009, and was revised in February 2016 and October 2019. The State Council standardized food safety in 2016, established a food safety supervision monitoring and evaluation system, and adopted food safety standards. The State Council implements a food production and operation licensing system. Engaged in food production, sales, catering services, and obtained business licenses in accordance with the law. The State Council implements strict supervision and management of special foods such as health foods, medical formulas, and infant formulas.
The Food Business License and Filing Management Measures promulgated by the State Market Supervision and Administration Bureau in June 2023 regulates food business licensing activities, strengthens the supervision and management of food business, and guarantees food safety. Food business operators engaged in food business activities shall receive a Food Business License at a business location. The Food Business License is valid for five years.
Shanghai Juhao and WFOE currently each hold a Food Business License issued on March 19, 2025 with an expiration date of March 20, 2030. These licenses are renewable every 5 years.
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Regulations on product quality and customer protection
According to the “Product Quality Law of the People’s Republic of China” which came into effect in September 1993 and the “Product Quality Law of the People’s Republic of China” revised by the Chinese People’s Congress in 2000, 2009, and 2018 respectively, the products sold must comply with relevant safety standards, and the seller should take measures to maintain quality of products. The seller shall not make adulterated product. The qualified products shall not be impersonated as unqualified products. For the seller, any violation of national or industry health and safety standards or other requirements may result in civil liability and administrative penalties, such as compensation for damages, fines, confiscation of illegally sold products and sales proceeds, and even cancellation of business licenses, except for criminal responsibility according to law.
The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests came into effect in January 1994 and were revised by the Chinese People’s Congress in 2009 and 2013 respectively. The operators should ensure that the services provided by the products are in line with the personal, property security requirements, and provide consumers with real information about the quality, function, use and expiration date of the product or service. Consumers who claim damages to products or services purchased or accepted on the Internet trading platform may claim damages from the seller or service provider. The operator of the online trading platform cannot provide the real name, address and effective contact information of the seller or service provider, and the consumer can also claim damages from the provider of the online trading platform. The operator of the online trading platform knows or should know that the seller or service provider uses its platform to infringe the legitimate rights and interests of the consumer. If the supplier fails to take necessary measures, it shall bear joint and several liability with the seller or the service provider. In addition, if the operator deceives the consumer or sells a product that is known to be unqualified or defective, it shall not only compensate the consumer for the loss, but also pay the additional damages equals to three times the price of the goods or services.
In January 2017, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce issued the “Interim Measures for the Reimbursement of Online Purchase Products within 7 Days”, which was implemented since March 2017 and revised in October 2020, further clarifying the scope of rights for consumers to return without reason, including exceptions and return procedures. And online trading; platform operators are responsible for formulating seven-day unreasonable return rules and related consumer protection systems, and supervising merchants to comply with these rules.
Because we sell food products on our online shopping mall platform, these food safety laws and regulations are applicable to us.
Regulations Relating to Online Advertising
Internet advertising management
In April 2015, the National People’s Congress enacted the “Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China” or the “Advertising Law”, which was implemented in September 2015 and revised in October 2018 and April 2021. The Advertising Law regulates the commercial advertising activities of the People’s Republic of China and stipulates the obligations of advertisers, advertising operators, advertising publishers and advertising spokespersons. It prohibits any advertisements from obscenity, pornography, gambling, superstition, obscenity, obscenity, etc. Content or violence related content.
If the advertiser violates the provisions of the advertising content, he shall order it to stop publishing and impose a fine of not less than RMB 200,000; if the circumstances are serious, the business license may be revoked and may be banned by the relevant departments. The advertisement review approval document can be revoked and the advertiser’s application will not be accepted within one year. In addition, the advertising operators and advertising publishers who violate the regulations shall be fined between RMB 200,000 and RMB 2 million to collect advertising fees; if the circumstances are serious, the “Advertising Operator Business License” or “Advertising Business Permit” shall be revoked. Authorized publishers may be revoked.
In July 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce passed the Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising or the Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, which came into effect in September 2016. According to the “Internet Advertising Management Measures”, Internet advertisers are responsible for the authenticity of advertising content, and all online advertisements must be marked with “advertising” so that viewers can easily identify them.
As an online retail platform operator and service provider, the Company places advertisements of its products and also provides spaces for vendors to publish their advertisements on our platform. Therefore, the Company is treated as an advertising publisher or advertiser, and the on-line advertising laws and regulations apply to us.
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Regulations Relating to Intellectual Property Rights
The PRC has adopted comprehensive legislation governing intellectual property rights, including copyrights, patents, trademarks and domain names.
Copyright. The Copyright Law was adopted in 1990 and amended in 2001, 2010 and 2020. The amended version in 2020 came into effect on June 1, 2021. The amended Copyright Law extends copyright protection to internet activities, products disseminated over the internet and software products. In addition, there is a voluntary registration system administered by the China Copyright Protection Center. The amended Copyright Law also requires registration of a copyright pledge. According to the Copyright Law, an infringer will be subject to various civil liabilities, which include stopping the infringement, eliminating the damages, apologizing to the copyright owners and compensating the losses of copyright owners. The Copyright Law further provides that the infringer must compensate the actual loss suffered by the copyright owner. If the actual loss of the copyright owner is difficult to calculate, the illegal income received by the infringer as a result of the infringement will be deemed as the actual loss or if such illegal income is also difficult to calculate, the court can decide the amount of the actual loss up to RMB5,000,000. Under the Copyright Law, the term of protection for copyrighted software of legal persons is 50 years and ends on December 31 of the 50th year from the date of first publishing of the software.
Patent. The Patent Law of the PRC promulgated in December 2008, which was revised by the SCNPC on October 17, 2020 and became effective on June 1, 2021, provides for patentable inventions, utility models and designs. An invention or utility model for which patents may be granted shall have novelty, creativity and practical applicability. The State Intellectual Property Office under the State Council is responsible for examining and approving patent applications. The protection period is 20 years for inventions and 10 years for utility models and designs, all of which commence from the date of application of patent rights under the current Patent Law of the PRC. The protection period has been slightly amended in recent amendment which became effective on June 1, 2021. The terms of protection for invention and utility patents are still 20 years and 10 years, respectively, in general. The term of protection for a design patent has been extended from 10 years to 15 years. In addition, for invention patents, in situations where a patent is only granted after 4 years or more from its filing date or 3 years or more after a request for substantive examination date, the applicant can request for an extension of protection term for any unreasonable delay.
Trademark. The Trademark Law of the PRC promulgated in August 2013 which took effect in May 2014 (the “Trademark Law”), and revised in 2019, and its implementation rules protect registered trademarks. The Trademark Office of National Intellectual Property Administration, PRC, formerly the PRC Trademark Office of the State Administration of Market Regulation is responsible for the registration and administration of trademarks throughout the PRC. The Trademark Law has adopted a “first-to-file” principle with respect to trademark registration.
Domain Name. Domain names are protected under the Administrative Measures for the Internet Domain Names of the PRC promulgated by the Ministry of Information and Industry of the PRC effective on December 20, 2004 and the Administrative Measures for Internet Domain Names promulgated by MIIT, effective on November 1, 2017 (the “Domain Name Measures”). MIIT is the major regulatory body responsible for the administration of the PRC internet domain names. The Domain Names Measures has adopted a “first-to-file” principle with respect to the registration of domain names.
The Company has registered its trademarks, copyrights and domain names with competent regulatory agencies in China. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. See “Risk Factors: Risks Related to Our Business: We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.”
Regulations Relating to Dividend Withholding Tax
Pursuant to the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, if a non-resident enterprise has not set up an organization or establishment in the PRC, or has set up an organization or establishment but the income derived has no actual connection with such organization or establishment, it will be subject to a withholding tax on its PRC-sourced income at a rate of 10%. Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise is reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or Circular 81, a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax: (i) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (ii) it must have directly owned such percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. There are also other conditions for enjoying the reduced withholding tax rate according to other relevant tax rules and regulations. We believe our corporate structure has made us eligible for such reduced rate once we become a resident enterprise in Hong Kong. The qualification of HK resident enterprise focuses on de facto management. As of the date of this report, we do not have a management team in Hong Kong and would most likely not be considered a HK resident enterprise and therefore would not be eligible for the reduced 5% withholding tax rate.
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Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax
PRC enterprise income tax is calculated based on taxable income, which is determined under (i) the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, promulgated by the NPC and implemented in January 2008 and amended in March 2017 and December 2018, respectively, and (ii) the implementation rules to the EIT Law promulgated by the State Council and most recently revised in April 2019. The EIT Law imposes a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% on all resident enterprises in the PRC, including foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, unless they qualify for certain exceptions.
In addition, according to the EIT Law and its implementation rules, enterprises registered in countries or regions outside the PRC with “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered to be PRC resident enterprises and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income. The implementation rules of the EIT Law define “de facto management bodies” as establishments that exercise full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. The only detailed guidance currently available for the definition of “de facto management body” as well as the determination and administration of tax residency status of offshore-incorporated enterprises are set forth in the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies issued by the SAT in April 2009, or Circular 82, and the Administrative Measures for Enterprise Income Tax of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Incorporated Resident Enterprises (Trial Version) issued by the SAT in July 2011, or Bulletin No. 45, which provides guidance on the administration as well as the determination of the tax residency status of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise, defined as an enterprise that is incorporated under the law of a foreign country or territory and that has a PRC company or PRC corporate group as its primary controlling shareholder.
According to Circular 82, a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise will be regarded as a PRC resident enterprise by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met:
| ● | the primary location of the day-to-day operational management and the places where they perform their duties are in the PRC; | |
| ● | decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval of organizations or personnel in the PRC; | |
| ● | the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals and board and shareholder resolutions are located or maintained in the PRC; and | |
| ● | 50% or more of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC. |
Bulletin No. 45 further clarifies certain issues related to the determination of tax resident status and competent tax authorities. It also specifies that when provided with a copy of Recognition of Residential Status from a resident Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise, a payer does not need to withhold income tax when paying certain PRC-sourced income such as dividends, interest and royalties to such Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise.
We believe that we are not a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” If the PRC tax authorities determine that we or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then we or such subsidiary could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on its world-wide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of our Ordinary Shares may be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise.
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Regulations on Income Tax for Share Transfers
According to the Announcement of the SAT on Several Issues Concerning the Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Property Transfer by Non-Resident Enterprises, or Circular 7, promulgated by the SAT in February 2015, if a non-resident enterprise, such as the Company, transfers the equity interests of a PRC resident enterprise indirectly through transfer of the equity interests of an offshore holding company (other than a purchase and sale of shares issued by a PRC resident enterprise through or in a public securities market) without a reasonable commercial purpose, the PRC tax authorities have the power to reassess the nature of the transaction and treat the indirect equity transfer as a direct transfer. As a result, the gain derived from such transfer, which means the equity transfer price less the cost of equity, will be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%. Under the terms of Circular 7, the transfer which meets all of the following circumstances shall be directly deemed as having no reasonable commercial purposes: (i) over 75% of the value of the equity interests of the offshore holding company are directly or indirectly derived from PRC taxable properties; (ii) at any time during the year before the indirect transfer, over 90% of the total properties of the offshore holding company are investments within PRC territory, or in the year before the indirect transfer, over 90% of the offshore holding company’s revenue is directly or indirectly derived from PRC territory; (iii) the function performed and risks assumed by the offshore holding company are insufficient to substantiate its corporate existence; and (iv) the foreign income tax imposed on the indirect transfer is lower than the PRC tax imposed on the direct transfer of the PRC taxable properties. In October, 2017, the SAT issued the Bulletin of SAT on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which, among others, repeals certain rules stipulated in Circular 7. Bulletin 37 further details and clarifies the tax withholding methods in respect of income of non-resident enterprises.
Regulations on PRC Value-Added Tax and Business Tax
Pursuant to applicable PRC tax regulations, any entity or individual conducting business in the service industry is generally required to pay a business tax at the rate of 5% on the revenues generated from providing such services. However, if the services provided are related to technology development and transfer, such business tax may be exempted subject to approval by the relevant tax authorities. Pursuant to the Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax of the PRC and its implementation regulations, unless otherwise specified by relevant laws and regulations, any entity or individual engaged in the sales of goods, provision of processing, repairs and replacement services and importation of goods into China is generally required to pay a value-added tax, or VAT, for revenues generated from sales of products, while qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchase can be offset against such output VAT.
In November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of Value-Added Tax to Replace Business Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan for Replacing Business Tax by Value-Added Tax, which became effective on May 1, 2016. Pursuant to the pilot plan and relevant notices, VAT is generally imposed in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries, including the VATS, on a nationwide basis. VAT of a rate of 6% applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Certain small taxpayers under PRC law are subject to reduced value-added tax at a rate of 3%. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchases against the output VAT chargeable on the modern services provided.
On April 4, 2018, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Adjustment of VAT Rates, which came into effect on May 1, 2018. According to the abovementioned notice, the taxable goods previously subject to VAT rates of 17% and 11% respectively become subject to lower VAT rates of 16% and 10% respectively starting from May 1, 2018. Furthermore, according to the Announcement on Relevant Policies for Deepening Value-added Tax Reform jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs, which became effective on April 1, 2019, the taxable goods previously subject to VAT rates of 16% and 10% respectively become subject to lower VAT rates of 13% and 9% respectively starting from April 1, 2019. Shanghai Juhao currently pays VAT at a rate of 13%.
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Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange
The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, which were most recently amended in August 2008. Under the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. By contrast, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital account items, such as direct investments, repayment of foreign currency-denominated loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside of China.
In August 2008, SAFE issued the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises (“SAFE Circular 142”), regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency-registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. SAFE Circular 142, provides that the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC.
In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of foreign-invested enterprises. The use of such RMB capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and such RMB capital may not, in any case, be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. Any violation of Circular 142 may result in severe penalties, including substantial fines.
In November 2012, SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies on Foreign Direct Investment, which substantially amends and simplifies the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to this circular, the opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts, such as pre-establishment expense accounts, foreign exchange capital accounts and guarantee accounts, the reinvestment of RMB proceeds derived by foreign investors in the PRC, and remittance of foreign exchange profits and dividends by a foreign-invested enterprise to its foreign shareholders, no longer require approval or verification from SAFE, and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces, which was not possible previously.
In addition, SAFE promulgated another circular in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC must be conducted by way of registration, and banks must process foreign exchange business relating to direct investment in the PRC based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches.
In July 2014, SAFE further reformed the foreign exchange administration system in order to satisfy and facilitate the business and capital operations of Foreign-Invested Enterprises and issued the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the Pilot Reform of the Administrative Approach Regarding the Settlement of the Foreign Exchange Capitals of Foreign-Invested Enterprises in Certain Areas (“Circular 36”), in July 2014. This circular suspends the application of Circular 142 in certain areas and allows a Foreign-Invested Enterprise registered in such areas to use the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital for equity investments within the PRC.
On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment, or SAFE Notice 13, which became effective on June 1, 2015. Pursuant to SAFE Notice 13, instead of applying for approvals regarding foreign exchange registrations of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment from SAFE, entities and individuals will be required to apply for such foreign exchange registrations from qualified banks. The qualified banks, under the supervision of SAFE, will directly examine applications and manage registrations.
On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated SAFE Circular 19, to expand the reform nationwide. SAFE Circular 19 came into force and replaced both Circular 142 and Circular 36 on June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular 19 allows foreign-invested enterprises to make equity investments by using RMB funds converted from foreign exchange capital. However, Circular 19 continues to prohibit foreign-invested enterprises from, among other things, using RMB funds converted from foreign exchange capital for expenditure beyond the enterprise’s business scope, providing entrusted loans, or repaying loans between non-financial enterprises.
On June 9, 2016, SAFE issued SAFE Circular 16, which took effect on the same day. Compared to SAFE Circular 19, SAFE Circular 16 provides that, in addition to foreign exchange capital, foreign debt funds and proceeds remitted from foreign listings should also be subject to the discretional foreign exchange settlement. In addition, it also lifted the restriction that foreign exchange capital under the capital accounts and the corresponding RMB capital obtained from foreign exchange settlement should not be used for repaying the inter-enterprise borrowings (including advances by a third-party) or repaying bank loans in RMB that had been sub-lent to the third-party.
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In January 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, or Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profit from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) under the principle of genuine transaction, banks shall check board resolutions regarding profit distribution, the original version of tax filing records and audited financial statements; and (ii) domestic entities shall hold income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting profits. Moreover, pursuant to Circular 3, domestic entities shall make detailed explanations of the sources of capital and utilization arrangements, and provide board resolutions, contracts and other proof when completing the registration procedures in connection with an outbound investment.
Based on the foregoing, if we intend to provide funding to our wholly foreign owned subsidiaries through capital injection at or after their establishment, we should file with the State Administration for Market Regulation or its local counterparts, via the foreign investment comprehensive administrative system and register such funding with local banks for foreign exchange related matters.
In October 2019, SAFE promulgated the Circular 28 to further promote facilitation of cross-border trade and investment and relaxed certain restrictions on foreign exchange settlement.
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC Residents
SAFE issued SAFE Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, that became effective in July 2014, replacing the previous SAFE Circular 75. SAFE Circular 37 regulates foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Under SAFE Circular 37, a SPV refers to an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investments, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round trip investment” refers to direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreign-invested enterprises to hold the ownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 provides that, before making contribution into an SPV, PRC residents or entities are required to complete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which took effect on June 1, 2015. This notice has amended SAFE Circular 37 requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.
PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before the implementation of SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentations about or failure to disclose controllers of the foreign-invested enterprise that is established through round-trip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreign-invested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.
The major shareholders of the Company have completed the initial registrations with the local SAFE branch or qualified banks as required by SAFE Circular 37. To our knowledge, certain of our minority shareholders of the Company who are also PRC resident individual shareholders have not completed their SAFE Circular 37 registration yet. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in the Circular 37 may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliate, the capital inflow from the offshore entities and settlement of foreign exchange capital, and may also subject relevant onshore company or PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.
Regulations on Stock Incentive Plans
SAFE promulgated the Stock Option Rules in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Under the Stock Option Rules and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents who participate in stock incentive plans in an overseas publicly-listed company are required to register with SAFE or its local branches and complete certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must retain a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution selected by the PRC subsidiary, to conduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan on behalf of the participants. In addition, the PRC agent is required to amend the SAFE registration with respect to the stock incentive plan if there is any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee share options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee share options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRC agents before distribution to such PRC residents.
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The Board of Directors of the Company approved and adopted Jowell Global Ltd. 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan (the “Equity Plan”) on August 2, 2021, which was approved at the stockholders’ meeting on September 10, 2021. The total aggregate ordinary shares of the Company authorized for issuance during the term of the Equity Plan is limited to 4,000,000 shares (before the Share Consolidation effected on October 25, 2023). Our executive officers, director and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and have received stock awards from the Company have not completed their SAFE registration yet.
The Company issued 30,000 shares to the former CEO Mr. Zhiwei Xu and 9,750 shares to Dan Zhao with price at $2.62 on January 1, 2023. The Company issued 9,750 shares to Dan Zhao with price at $2.62 on April 1, 2023.
Regulations on Dividend Distribution
Under our current corporate structure, we may rely on dividend payments from WFOE, which is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends of foreign-invested enterprises include the newly enacted Foreign-Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020, and its implementation rules. Under these laws and regulations, wholly foreign-owned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated after-tax profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreign-owned enterprises in China are required to allocate at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. Wholly foreign-owned companies may, at their discretion, allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
Regulations on Overseas Listings
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the “New Overseas Listing Rules”) with five interpretive guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with relevant governmental authorities and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making an overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing before effective date of the new rules and completes such offering or listing before September 30, 2023 will be considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to the CSRC within 3 working days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in administrative penalties such as order to rectify, warnings and a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines and may be barred from entering the securities market.
Regulations Relating to Employment
Pursuant to the Labor Law of PRC, promulgated by the NPC in July 1994 and revised in August 2009 and December 2018 (the “Labor Law”), and the Labor Contract Law of PRC, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the NPC in June 2007 and amended in December 2012 (the “Labor Contract Law”), employers must execute written employment contracts with full-time employees. If an employer fails to enter into a written employment contract with an employee within one year from the date on which the employment relationship is established, the employer must rectify the situation by entering into a written employment contract with the employee and pay the employee twice the employee’s salary for the period from the day following the lapse of one month from the date of establishment of the employment relationship to the day prior to the execution of the written employment contract. All employers must compensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may result in the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may result in criminal liabilities.
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Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund, and contribute to the plans or funds based on local annual minimum salary standard or certain percentage of the local annual average compensations to works (“Social Insurance Payment Base”). We participate in employee benefit plans and have made contributions to such plans required by current PRC laws and regulations. If enterprises are required to contribute to the plans or funds based on a higher Social Insurance Payment Base under the new regulations or policies in the future, we may have to make more contributions to such plans for our employees.
We intend to comply with the new regulations and policies applicable to employee benefit plans set forth through time. As of the date of this report, we have signed written employment contracts with all of our employees and paid all the benefits package as required by law. In addition, the PRC Individual Income Tax Law requires companies operating in China to withhold individual income tax on employees’ salaries based on the actual salary of each employee upon payment.
C. Organizational structure
Below is the Company’s corporate structure chart as of the date of this report.
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Variable Interest Entity Arrangements
In establishing our business, we have used a VIE structure. In the PRC, investment activities by foreign investors are principally governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment, which was promulgated and is amended from time to time by the PRC Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, and the PRC National Development and Reform Commission, or NDRC. In June 2020, the MOFCOM and the NDRC promulgated the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2020 Version), or the Negative List, which became effective on July 23, 2020. In September 2024, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2024 Version), or the Negative List, which became effective on November 1, 2024. Industries not listed in the Negative List are generally open to foreign investment unless specifically restricted by other PRC regulations. Our Company and WFOE are considered as foreign investors or foreign invested enterprises under PRC law.
The business we conduct through the VIE is within the category for which foreign investment is currently restricted under the Negative List or other PRC Laws. In addition, we intend to centralize our management and operation in the PRC without being restricted to conducting certain business activities which are important for our current or future business but are restricted or might be restricted in the future. As such, we believe the agreements between the WFOE and the VIE are necessary and essential to our business operations. These contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders enable us to consolidate financial results of the VIE.
WFOE effectively assumed management of the business activities of the VIE through a series of agreements which are referred to as the VIE Agreements. The VIE Agreements are comprised of a series of agreements, including an Exclusive Business Cooperation and Management Agreement, an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, an Exclusive Option Agreement, Powers of Attorney and Spousal Consent Letters. Through the VIE Agreements, WFOE has the right to advise, consult, manage and operate the VIE for an annual consulting service fee in an amount equal to all of the VIE’s net profit after tax. The shareholders of the VIE have pledged all of their rights, title and equity interests in the VIE as security for WFOE to collect consulting services fees provided to the VIE through the Equity Interest Pledge Agreement. In order to further reinforce WFOE’s rights to control and operate the variable interest entity, the VIE’s shareholders have granted WFOE an exclusive right and option to acquire all of their equity interests in the VIE through the Exclusive Option Agreement.
On October 31, 2019 and November 1, 2019, Shanghai Jowell entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Juhao”) and the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao, as amended on October 10, 2020. These agreements include: 1) an Exclusive Business Cooperation and Management Agreement; 2) an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement; 3) an Exclusive Option Agreements 4) Powers of Attorney and 5) Spousal Consent Letters. Pursuant to these agreements, Shanghai Jowell has the exclusive rights to provide consulting services to Shanghai Juhao related to the business operation and management of Shanghai Juhao. For such services, Shanghai Juhao agrees to pay service fees determined based on all of its net profit after tax payments to Shanghai Jowell or Shanghai Jowell has obligation to absorb all of Shanghai Juhao’s losses. The agreements remain in effect until and unless all parties agree to its termination, except the Exclusive Option Agreement that the effective term of 10 years and can be renewed for an additional 10 years. Until such termination, Shanghai Juhao may not enter into another agreement for the provision of management consulting services without the prior consent of Shanghai Jowell. Also, pursuant to the equity interest pledge agreement between the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao and Shanghai Jowell, such shareholders pledged all of their equity interests in Shanghai Juhao to Shanghai Jowell, to guarantee Shanghai Juhao’s performance of its obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation and Management Agreement. Without Shanghai Jowell’s prior written consent, the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao shall not transfer or assign the pledged equity interests, or incur or allow any encumbrance that would jeopardize Shanghai Jowell’s interests. If Shanghai Juhao breaches its contractual obligations under the aforesaid agreement, Shanghai Jowell, as the pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights and entitlements, including priority in receiving payments by the evaluation or proceeds from the auction or sale of all or part of the pledged equity interests of Shanghai Juhao, in accordance with legal procedures. In essence, Shanghai Jowell has gained effective control over Shanghai Juhao. Therefore, Shanghai Juhao is considered a VIE under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Consolidation”, because the equity investments in Shanghai Juhao no longer have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, and the Company, through Shanghai Jowell, is the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Juhao.
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D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Our principal executive office is located in Shanghai, China, where we lease approximately 700 square meters of office space. We also have other material leases of an office space for approximately 5,976 square meters, a warehouse space for approximately 3,621 square meters and one Juhao Best Choice Store space for approximately 2,851 square meters in Chuangshu City, Jiangsu Province. Our leases can be renewed upon mutual agreement with our lessors. Our leased premises are leased from unrelated third-parties and related-parties who either have valid titles to the relevant properties or proper authorization from the title holders to sublease the property, save as disclosed in the following table:
Currently, we mainly lease the following properties to conduct our business:
| Property Address | Lessor | Annual Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Purposes/Use | ||||
| 2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China | Shanghai Longrich Industrial Co. Ltd. | RMB 793,800 | December 31, 2025 | Office | ||||
| No. 46-5 Xinzhuang Avenue, Xinzhuang County, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China | Colori, Inc. | RMB 1,013,964 | December 31, 2025 | Warehouse | ||||
| No. 26 Longrich Blvd., Longrich Industrial Park, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China | Jiangsu Longrich Bioscience Co. Ltd. | RMB 2,740,915 | December 31, 2025 | Office | ||||
| 227 Provincial Rd, Xinzhuang County, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China | Colori, Inc. | RMB 370,630 | December 31, 2025 | Juhao Best Choice Store |
We believe that we will be able to obtain adequate facilities, principally through leasing, to accommodate our future expansion plans.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not Applicable
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” or in other parts of this annual report on Form 20-F.
5A. Operating Results
Overview
Jowell Global Ltd. (“Jowell Global” or “we”) is an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability on August 16, 2019, as a holding company. We, through the consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”), focuses on providing consumers with convenient and high-quality online retail experience through our retail platforms, www.1juhao.com, and mobile app, as well as authorized retail stores. We also offer programs that enable third-party sellers to distribute their products through our platforms. In an effort to differentiate our services, we focus on and specialize in the online retail and sales through our distribution network of cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products.
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We completed a reorganization of our legal structure on November 1, 2019. The reorganization involved the incorporation of Jowell Global, Jowell Technology Limited (“Jowell Tech”), a Hong Kong holding company; the incorporation of Shanghai Jowell Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jowell”), a wholly foreign-owned entity (“WFOE”) formed by Jowell Tech under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”).
As part of the reorganization, on October 31, 2019 and November 1, 2019, Shanghai Jowell entered into a series of agreements with Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Juhao”) and its shareholders, as amended on October 10, 2020. These agreements include: 1) an Exclusive Business Cooperation and Management Agreement (“EBCMA”); 2) an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement (“EIPA”); 3) an Exclusive Option Agreement (“EOA”); 4) Powers of Attorney (“POA”) and 5) Spousal Consent Letters. Through these agreements, Shanghai Jowell has established the exclusive rights to receive the profits and obligation to absorb losses from Shanghai Juhao. The agreements remain in effect unless all parties agree to its termination, except the EOA which has an effective term of 10 years and can be renewed for an additional 10 years upon the end of the initial term. Until such termination, Shanghai Juhao may not enter into another agreement for the similar provision without obtaining consent from Shanghai Jowell. Shanghai Jowell has gained control over Shanghai Juhao and Shanghai Juhao is considered a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Consolidation”.
Jowell Global and Jowell Tech are holding companies with no material operations of their own and do not hold any material assets. We conduct our operations primarily through the VIE in China. We established the VIE structure through aforementioned VIE agreements. These VIE agreements are subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm, our current ownership structure, the ownership structure of our PRC subsidiary and the consolidated VIE, and the contractual arrangements among WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE are common practices for the companies listed on stock exchange in Hong Kong or the U.S. engaging in the businesses on Negative List in China and these contractual arrangements are valid and binding in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations and there can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with the opinion of our PRC counsel. If the PRC government finds that our contractual arrangements do not comply with its restrictions on foreign investment in the online data processing and transaction processing services business, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations or failures, including, without limitation: requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert control over the VIE. For more detail, see “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure - If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to the consolidated variable interest entities do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”
In 2012, Shanghai Juhao started its operation, which was among the first membership -based e-commerce platforms for online-to-offline sales of cosmetics, health and nutritional supplements and household products in China. Today, we offer an online platform Juhao Mall which holds an EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) certification approved by the Shanghai Communication Administration pursuant to the requirement of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, selling our own brand products manufactured by third parties as well as international and domestic branded products from 200+ other manufacturers. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 our platform had 2,485,533 and 2,483,250 VIP members who have registered on our platform, respectively, 274 and 270 merchants who have opened their own stores on our platform, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 52.6% and 48.2% of the products sold on our platform were cosmetics and health and nutritional supplements, respectively. We also sell household products, such as pots and pans, paper towels, cups, vacuum cleaners, massagers, towels on our platform, and those products account for 47.2% and 51.4% of the products sold on our platform in 2024 and 2023, respectively.
We believe that we are industry forerunners in turning data insight into valuable business intelligence in China. We continue to innovate and develop new solutions for our e-commerce platform, which is supported by a strong IT infrastructure. We currently offer innovative service modules on our platforms such as data analysis, CRM (customer relationship management), classification management, supply chain management, online shopping consultation, price intelligence system, and precision marketing. Aimed at operational excellence, our service modules are designed and built to satisfy the needs of participants for integrated and easy-to-use software systems. Our technology and data solutions for our authorized Love Home Store enable users to monitor sales volume and pricing of products through our smart supply chain. With service location-specific data, users are able to understand the needs of specific products in real time and gain valuable market insight. We can use this information to recommend purchasing and inventory strategies to Love Home Store users in order to fundamentally improve their procurement processes.
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Since August 2017, we have been also selling our products in authorized retail stores all across China. Operating under the brand name “Love Home Store” or “LHH Store”, the authorized retailers may operate as independent stores or store-in-shop (an integrated store), selling our products that they purchased through our online platform under their special retailer accounts with us which provide them with major discounts. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we authorized 26,857 and 26,746 Love Home stores in 31 provinces of China, respectively, providing offline retail and wholesale of our products.
On April 28, 2021, the Company announced it has officially launched its “Juhao Best Choice” community group-buying store initiative to continue growing its offline retail market presence. The community group-buying offline stores will sell fresh produce, foods and daily household consumer products in addition to the cosmetics and health and nutritional supplements currently sold in the Company’s franchised LHH Stores. The community group-buying stores aim to provide a more convenient shopping experience and high-quality produce and foods for consumers from local communities, towns and villages across China. As of the date of this report, we have opened 5 self-owned Juhao Best Choice stores.
We will consolidate online and offline resources for store design and logistics services to develop franchisee third-party store owners and provide guidance and training for store owners with a unified system for store management, design, service criteria, SKU management and product delivery. The Company will also provide the store owners with live-streaming marketing skill training and upgrade and expand certain existing LHH Stores to Juhao Best Choice stores.
On March 19, 2021, the Company closed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 3,714,286 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, priced at $7.00 per share. On March 23, 2021, the underwriter exercised its over-allotment option to purchase an additional 557,143 ordinary shares at a price of $7.00 per share. The net proceeds of the Company’s IPO, including the proceeds from the sale of the over-allotment shares, totaled approximately $25.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and other related expenses. The Ordinary Shares have been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and trading under the ticker symbol “JWEL” since March 17, 2021. In connection with the IPO, the Company issued to the underwriter and its affiliates warrants to purchase ordinary shares of the Company that equals to 10% of the aggregate number of ordinary shares sold by the underwriter in the IPO (the “Warrants”). In November 2021, the warrants holders have cashless exercised the Warrants for an aggregate of 137,111 ordinary shares of the Company. As of the date of this report, there was no warrants outstanding. The share numbers and par value in this paragraph are before Share Consolidation in October 2023.
On July 27, 2021, Shanghai Juhao entered into a Capital Increase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Suzhou Industrial Park Hongrun Rural Small Amount Loan Co., Ltd. (“Hongrun”) and its shareholders identified on the signature pages thereto (the “Existing Shareholders”). Mr. Zhiwei Xu, then Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Company is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hongrun. Jiangsu Longrich Group Co., Ltd., the largest shareholder of Hongrun is also a related party of the Company. Pursuant to the Agreement, Shanghai Juhao contributed RMB 30 million (approximately $4.6 million) to Hongrun (the “Investment”) for 18.96% equity interest of Hongrun. Hongrun and Existing Shareholders agree the Investment will only be used for making loans to the owners of Juhao Best Choice Stores for their business development and expansion. Juhao Best Choice Stores are the community group-buying franchise stores launched by Shanghai Juhao in April 2021.
On April 13, 2023, Shanghai Jowell established a new wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Lianfu Information Technology Co., Ltd. which will develop on marketing and sales of agricultural and fishing products on Tencent Short Video and other social media platforms.
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On September 5, 2024, Shanghai Jowell incorporated Baotou Juhaoyuan Trading Co., Ltd. (“Baotou Juhaoyuan”) in Baotou City, China, with a third-party individual that owns 30%, Shanghai Jowell owns 55% and an officer of the Company owns 15% equity interest of Baotou Juhaoyuan.
On October 25, 2023, the shareholders of the Company held an extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) and approved by an ordinary resolution of a share consolidation (the “Share Consolidation”) that (i) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) ordinary share par value $0.0016 each and (ii) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued preferred shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Preferred Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) preferred share, par value $0.0016 each. Immediately following the Share Consolidation, the shareholders of the Company approved by an ordinary resolution of share capital increase that the authorized share capital of the Company be increased to $800,000 divided into 500,000,000 shares of which (x) 450,000,000 shares are designated as ordinary shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share, and (y) 50,000,000 shares are designated as preferred shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share (the “Share Capital Increase”). At the Meeting, the shareholders of the Company also approved by a special resolution the third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company to reflect the Share Consolidation and the Share Capital Increase. The Share Consolidation is primarily being effectuated to regain compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2) related to the minimum bid price per share of the Company’s ordinary shares.
On September 5, 2024, Shanghai Jowell incorporated Baotou Juhaoyuan Trading Co., Ltd. (“Baotou Juhaoyuan”). A third-party individual owns 30%, Shanghai Jowell owns 55% and an officer of the Company owns 15% equity interest of Baotou Juhaoyuan, which is mainly engaged in trading of food and household products.
Key Factors Affecting Our Results
Our business and results of operations are affected by general factors affecting the online retail markets for health and nutritional supplements, household products and cosmetics in China, including China’s overall economic growth, the increase in per capita disposable income, the growth in consumer spending and the retail industry and the expansion of internet penetration. Unfavorable changes in any of these general factors could affect the demand for the products we sell and could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
While our business is influenced by general factors affecting China’s online retail industry, our operating results are more directly affected by certain company specific factors, including:
| ● | our ability to attract and retain customers at reasonable cost; |
| ● | our ability to establish and maintain relationships with suppliers, third-party merchants and other service providers; |
| ● | our ability to invest in growth and new technologies while improving operating efficiency; |
| ● | our ability to control marketing expenses, while promoting our brand and internet platform cost-effectively; |
| ● | our ability to source new products to meet customer demands; and |
| ● | our ability to establish Juhao Best Choice Stores and continue to expand offline LHH Stores and increase the interactions between our online platform and offline stores. |
| ● | our ability to compete effectively and to execute our strategies successfully. |
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Impact of COVID-19
Beginning in late 2019, there was an outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus) which has spread quickly across many parts in China, the U.S. and worldwide. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. With an aim to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government has imposed various strictive measures across the country including, but not limited to, travel restrictions, mandatory quarantine requirements, and postponed resumption of business operations until after the 2020 Chinese New Year holiday. Starting from March 2020, businesses in China began to reopen and interruptions to businesses were gradually removed. However, due to the outbreak of Omicron variant in 2022 in China, many cities in China have imposed new restrictions, quarantine and testing requirements and office closures, including Shanghai, where our headquarters are located. Employees of the VIE in Shanghai office worked from home from March 30, 2022 to June 1, 2022. In early December 2022, Chinese government eased the strict control measure for COVID-19, which has led to surge in increased infections and caused disruption in our business operations in December 2022 and January 2023. The business has returned to normal in China since February 2023.
As an online retailer and retail platform, the Company’s operations in 2024 were not significantly negatively impacted by the pandemic. However, the recovery from pandemic of overall economy in China has been slow and situation remains highly uncertain for any further outbreak or resurgence of the COVID-19 and new variants. It is therefore difficult for the Company to estimate the impact on our business or operating results that might be adversely affected by any further outbreak or resurgence of COVID-19 and new variants. We will continue to closely monitor the situation throughout 2025 and beyond.
Results of Operations
Certain tables within this section may not reflect the exact amount or percentage due to rounding.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
The following table summarized the results of our operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage fluctuations during such periods.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % Percentage | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 132,982 | 100.0 | % | $ | 160,009 | 100.0 | % | $ | (27,027 | ) | (16.9 | )% | |||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenues | 131,719 | 99.1 | % | 156,738 | 98.0 | % | (25,019 | ) | (16.0 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Fulfilment | 2,002 | 1.5 | % | 3,022 | 1.8 | % | (1,020 | ) | (33.8 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 4,635 | 3.5 | % | 7,771 | 4.9 | % | (3,136 | ) | (40.4 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| General and Administrative | 2,716 | 2.0 | % | 3,369 | 2.1 | % | (653 | ) | (19.4 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | 141,072 | 106.1 | % | 170,900 | 106.8 | % | (29,828 | ) | (17.5 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | (8,090 | ) | (6.1 | )% | (10,891 | ) | (6.8 | )% | 2,801 | (25.7 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Other Income (loss) | 115 | 0.1 | % | (494 | ) | (0.3 | )% | 609 | (123.3 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before Income Taxes | (7,975 | ) | (6.0 | )% | (11,385 | ) | (7.1 | )% | 3,410 | (30.0 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Income Taxes Expense | 28 | 0.0 | % | 135 | (0.1 | )% | (107 | ) | (79.3 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | (8,003 | ) | (6.0 | )% | (11,520 | ) | (7.2 | )% | 3,517 | (30.5 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax | (320 | ) | (0.2 | )% | (898 | ) | (0.6 | )% | 578 | (64.4 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Loss | $ | (8,323 | ) | (6.3 | )% | $ | (12,418 | ) | (7.8 | )% | $ | 4,095 | (33.0 | )% | ||||||||||
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Revenue
Through our website at www.1juhao.com and mobile app, we engage primarily in the sales of cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products sourced from third-party manufacturers and distributors. Currently, we have three types of revenue streams deriving from our three major product categories: cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products. Other than revenue from product sales, we also earn service fees charged to third-party merchants for using our platform, which was immaterial and is grouped in “Others” presented below. The following sets forth the breakdown of our revenue by stream for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | % | 2023 | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cosmetic products | $ | 36,338 | 27.3 | % | $ | 55,068 | 34.4 | % | $ | (18,730 | ) | (34.0 | )% | |||||||||||
| Health and Nutritional Supplements | 33,572 | 25.3 | % | 22,613 | 14.1 | % | 10,959 | 48.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Household Products | 62,755 | 47.2 | % | 81,783 | 51.1 | % | (19,028 | ) | (23.3 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 317 | 0.2 | % | 545 | 0.4 | % | (228 | ) | (41.8 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 132,982 | 100.0 | % | $ | 160,009 | 100.0 | % | $ | (27,027 | ) | (16.9 | )% | |||||||||||
Total revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by about $27.0 million, or 16.9%, to $133.0 million from $160.0 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, sales of cosmetic products decreased by about $18.7 million, or 34.0%, in the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in revenue of cosmetic products is mainly due to significant decrease in weighted average unit price and units for products sold. Comparing to the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold approximately 3.7 million, or 17.6%, less units in 2024 and our weighted average unit price for cosmetic products sold also decreased. The decrease in both weighted average unit price and units sold in 2024 was mainly attributable to the sharp decline in sales of premium brand products with higher average selling prices due to the slow economic recovery from COVID-19 in China and weak consumer demand for high price premium branded products.
Compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, sales of health and nutritional supplements products increased by about $11.0 million, or 48.5%. The increase in health and nutritional supplements revenue is mainly due to the significant increase in units for products sold. Comparing to the year ended December 31, 2023, our weighted average unit price for health and nutritional supplements products sold decreased, while we sold approximately 4.0 million, or 105.1%, more units in 2024. The increase in units for products sold is mainly because we developed and sold a lot of affordable health care products to replace the original high-price health care products in 2023.
Our household products revenue decreased by about $19.0 million, or 23.3%, comparing 2024 to 2023. The decrease in household products revenue is mainly due to the decrease in the weighted average unit price and units for products sold. Comparing to the year ended December 31, 2023, our weighted average unit price for household products sold decreased, and we sold approximately 1.7 million, or 14.7%, less units in 2024. The significant decrease in both weighted average unit price and units sold in 2024 is mainly attributable to the sharp decline in sales of premium brand products with higher selling prices due to the slow economic recovery from COVID-19 in China and weak consumer demand.
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The average exchange rate for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was RMB1.00 to US$0.1404 and RMB1.00 to US$0.1419, respectively, representing a 1.1% unfavorable impact when exchange rates were used in converting RMB to USD, which was included in the above analysis.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses primarily consist of cost of revenues, fulfilment expenses, marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenues | $ | 131,719 | 99.1 | % | $ | 156,738 | 98.0 | % | $ | (25,019 | ) | (16.0 | )% | |||||||||||
| Fulfilment | 2,002 | 1.5 | % | 3,022 | 1.8 | % | (1,020 | ) | (33.8 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 4,635 | 3.5 | % | 7,771 | 4.9 | % | (3,136 | ) | (40.4 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| General and Administrative Expenses | 2,716 | 2.0 | % | 3,369 | 2.1 | % | (653 | ) | (19.4 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | $ | 141,072 | 106.1 | % | $ | 170,900 | 106.8 | % | $ | (29,828 | ) | (17.5 | )% | |||||||||||
Our total operating expenses decreased by about $30.0 million or 17.5% from $170.9 million in 2023 to $141.0 million in 2024. All categories of our operating expenses decreased in 2024 compared to 2023.
Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consists of the purchase price of merchandise that we sell directly on our platform and inbound shipping costs.
Cost of revenues of cosmetic products decreased by about $18.8 million, or 33.9%, from $55.5 million in 2023 to about $36.7 million in 2024. The decrease is attributable to a decrease in the weighted average unit cost and a decrease in units sold of 3.7 million, or 17.6%, in 2024 compared to 2023. In 2024, the downgraded demand from consumers led to significant decrease in the weighted average unit cost and units sold in 2024 compared to 2023.
Cost of revenues of health and nutritional supplements increased by about $12.0 million, or 57.7%, from $20.8 million in 2023 to $32.8 million in 2024. The increase in cost of revenues of health and nutritional supplements is in line with the increase of revenues of health and nutritional supplements which is mainly due to an increase in units sold as we sold more affordable health care products instead of high-price health care products.
Cost of revenues of household products decreased by about $19.3 million, or 24.0%, from $80.4 million in 2023 to about $61.1 million in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the weighted average unit cost and a decrease in units sold of 1.7 million, or 14.7%, in 2024, compared to 2023. In 2024, the downgraded demand from consumers led to significant decrease in the weighted average unit cost and units sold in 2024 compared to 2023.
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Fulfillment Expenses
Our fulfillment expenses primarily consist of costs related to order fulfillment, including charges we paid for order preparation, packaging, outbound freight, and physical storage. Fulfillment expenses decreased by $1.0 million, or 33.8%, in 2024 compared to 2023. The fulfillment expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 1.5% in 2024, slight decline from 1.8% in 2023. The significant decrease in fulfillment expenses is due to less products purchased and sold.
Marketing Expenses
Marketing expenses decreased by $3.1 million, or 40.4%, in 2024 compared to 2023. Marketing expenses constituted 3.5% and 4.9% of our total revenue in 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the decreased marketing and promotional activities as a result of our efforts to reduce expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
Compared to 2023, our general and administrative expenses decreased by $653 thousand, or 19.4%, in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $325 thousand decrease in share-based compensation of services provided by employees and a $263 thousand decrease in allowance for credit losses.
Loss from Operations
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | % of revenue | Amount | % of revenue | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentage) | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | $ | (8,090 | ) | (6.1 | )% | $ | (10,891 | ) | (6.8 | )% | ||||||
Loss from operations in 2024 was approximately $8.0 million compared to loss from operations of about $10.9 million in 2023. The decrease in loss from operations is mainly due to our efforts to reduce expenses including a decrease in marketing expenses and in general and administrative expenses, which has decreased our loss from operation.
Loss Before Income Taxes
Loss before income taxes is about $8.0 million in 2024 as compared to loss before income taxes of about $11.4 million in 2023. The decrease in loss before income taxes is primarily due to the decrease in loss from operations and investment loss and the increase in other income.
Income Taxes Expense
Our income taxes expense was approximately $28 thousand in 2024 as compared to income taxes expense of about $135 thousand in 2023.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, we had a net loss of $8.0 million in 2024, compared to a net loss of $11.5 million in 2023.
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Other Comprehensive Loss
Foreign currency translation adjustments amounted to a loss of $0.32 million for 2024 when compared to $0.9 million in 2023, respectively. The balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity as of December 31, 2024 were translated at RMB 1.00 to US$0.1391 as compared to the average translation rates applied to the income statements accounts for 2024 at RMB 1.00 to US$0.1404. The equity accounts were stated at their historical rate. The balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity as of December 31, 2023 were translated at RMB 1.00 to US$0.1412 as compared to the average translation rates applied to the income statements accounts for 2023 at RMB 1.00 to US$0.1419. The change in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial results reported in U.S dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operation.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table summarized the results of our operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage fluctuations during such periods.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % Percentage | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 160,009 | 100.0 | % | $ | 209,981 | 100.0 | % | $ | (49,972 | ) | (23.8 | )% | |||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenues | 156,738 | 98.0 | % | 203,738 | 97.0 | % | (47,000 | ) | (23.1 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Fulfilment | 3,022 | 1.8 | % | 3,700 | 1.8 | % | (678 | ) | (18.3 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 7,771 | 4.9 | % | 8,795 | 4.2 | % | (1,024 | ) | (11.6 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| General and Administrative | 3,369 | 2.1 | % | 5,789 | 2.8 | % | (2,420 | ) | (41.8 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | 170,900 | 106.8 | % | 222,022 | 105.8 | % | (51,122 | ) | (23.0 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | (10,891 | ) | (6.8 | )% | (12,041 | ) | (5.7 | )% | 1,150 | (9.6 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Other Income (loss) | (494 | ) | (0.3 | )% | 89 | 0.0 | % | (583 | ) | (655.1 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Loss before Income Taxes | (11,385 | ) | (7.1 | )% | (11,952 | ) | (5.7 | )% | 567 | (4.7 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Income Taxes Benefit (Expense) | 135 | (0.1 | )% | (420 | ) | (0.2 | )% | 555 | (132.2 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | (11,520 | ) | (7.2 | )% | (11,532 | ) | (5.5 | )% | 12 | (0.1 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax | (898 | ) | (0.6 | )% | (2,446 | ) | (1.2 | )% | 1,548 | (63.3 | )% | |||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Loss | $ | (12,418 | ) | (7.8 | )% | $ | (13,978 | ) | (6.7 | )% | $ | 1,560 | (11.2 | )% | ||||||||||
Revenue
Through our website at www.1juhao.com and mobile app, we engage primarily in the sales of cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products sourced from manufacturers and distributors in China. Currently, we have three types of revenue streams deriving from our three major product categories: cosmetic products, health and nutritional supplements and household products. Other than revenue from product sales, we also earn service fees charged to third-party merchants for using our platform, which was immaterial and is grouped in “Others” presented below. The following sets forth the breakdown of our revenue by stream for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | % | 2022 | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cosmetic products | $ | 55,068 | 34.4 | % | $ | 99,282 | 47.3 | % | $ | (44,214 | ) | (44.5 | )% | |||||||||||
| Health and Nutritional Supplements | 22,613 | 14.1 | % | 39,949 | 19.0 | % | (17,336 | ) | (43.4 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Household Products | 81,783 | 51.1 | % | 70,627 | 33.6 | % | 11,156 | 15.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 545 | 0.4 | % | 123 | 0.1 | % | 422 | 343.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 160,009 | 100.0 | % | $ | 209,981 | 100.0 | % | $ | (49,972 | ) | (23.8 | )% | |||||||||||
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Total revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by about $50.0 million, or 23.8%, to $160.0 million from $210.0 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, sales of cosmetic products decreased by about $44.2 million, or 44.5%, in the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in revenue of cosmetic products is mainly due to a significant decrease in weighted average unit price and units for products sold. Comparing to the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold approximately 6.3 million, or 26.8%, less units in 2023 and our weighted average unit price for cosmetic products sold decreased. The decrease in both weighted average unit price and units sold in 2023 was mainly attributable to the sharp decline in sales of premium brand products with higher average selling prices with downgraded demands from consumers as the recovery from COVID-19 has been slow in China.
Compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, sales of health and nutritional supplements products decreased by about $17.3 million, or 43.4%. The decrease in health and nutritional supplements revenue is mainly due to the decrease in weighted average unit price. Comparing to the year ended December 31, 2022, our weighted average unit price for health and nutritional supplements products sold decreased, while we sold approximately 0.7 million, or 22.5%, more units in 2023. The decrease in weighted average unit price is mainly because we developed and sold a lot of affordable health care products to replace the original high-price health care products to meet the current market conditions and demands.
Our household products revenue increased by about $11.2 million, or 15.8%, comparing 2023 to 2022. The increase in household products revenue is mainly due to the increase in weighted average unit price. Comparing to the year ended December 31, 2022, our weighted average unit price for household products sold increased, while we sold approximately 1.3 million, or 9.8%, less units in 2023. The significant increase in the weighted average unit price for products sold is mainly due to the increase in sales of premium brand products. The decline in units sold is because the units sold were counted by the smallest unit in 2022, while they were counted by whole box in 2023.
The average exchange rate for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was RMB1 to $0.1419and RMB 1 to $0.1489, respectively, representing a 4.7% unfavorable impact when exchange rates were used in converting RMB to USD, which was included in the above analysis.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses primarily consist of cost of revenues, fulfilment expenses, marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % of Revenue | $ Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenues | $ | 156,738 | 98.0 | % | $ | 203,738 | 97.0 | % | $ | (47,000 | ) | (23.1 | )% | |||||||||||
| Fulfilment | 3,022 | 1.8 | % | 3,700 | 1.8 | % | (678 | ) | (18.3 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 7,771 | 4.9 | % | 8,795 | 4.2 | % | (1,024 | ) | (11.6 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| General and Administrative Expenses | 3,369 | 2.1 | % | 5,789 | 2.8 | % | (2,420 | ) | (41.8 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | $ | 170,900 | 106.8 | % | $ | 222,022 | 105.8 | % | $ | (51,122 | ) | (23.0 | )% | |||||||||||
Our total operating expenses decreased by about $51.1 million or 23.0% from $222.0 million in 2022 to $170.9 million in 2023. All categories of our operating expenses decreased in 2023 compared to 2022.
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Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consists of the purchase price of merchandise that we sell directly on our platform and inbound shipping costs.
Cost of revenues of cosmetic products decreased by about $43.0 million, or 43.7%, from $98.5 million in 2022 to about $55.5 million in 2023. The decrease is attributable to a decrease in the weighted average unit cost and a decrease in units sold of 6.3 million, or 26.8%, in 2023 compared to 2022. In 2023, the downgraded demands from consumers led to significant decrease in the weighted average unit cost and units sold in 2023 compared to 2022.
Cost of revenues of health and nutritional supplements decreased by about $17.0 million, or 45.0%, from $37.8 million in 2022 to $20.8 million in 2023. The decrease in cost of revenues of health and nutritional supplements is mainly due to a decrease in the weighted average unit cost as we sold more affordable health care products instead of high-price health care products.
Cost of revenues of household products increased by about $12.9 million, or 19.1%, from $67.5 million in 2022 to about $80.4 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in weighted average unit cost. The increase in weighted average unit costs of products sold of our household products is mainly because we sold higher unit price products in 2023 than 2022 from weighted average unit cost.
Fulfillment Expenses
Our fulfillment expenses primarily consist of costs related to order fulfillment, including charges we paid for order preparation, packaging, outbound freight, and physical storage. Fulfillment expenses decreased by $0.7 million, or 18.3%, in 2023 compared to 2022. The fulfillment expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 1.8% in 2023, slightly up from 1.8% in 2022. The decrease was consistent with the decline in total revenues.
Marketing Expenses
Marketing expenses decreased by $1.0 million, or 11.6%, in 2023 compared to 2022. Marketing expenses constituted 4.9% and 4.2% of our total revenue in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the decreased marketing and promotional activities as a result of our efforts to reduce expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
Compared to 2022, our general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.4 million, or 41.8%, in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.7 million decrease in share-based compensation of services provided by employees and a $0.3 million decrease in consulting fees, offset by a $1.1 million increase in allowance for credit losses as a result of long aging and low collectability.
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Loss from Operations
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | % of revenue | Amount | % of revenue | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for percentage) | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | $ | (10,891 | ) | (6.8 | )% | $ | (12,041 | ) | (5.7 | )% | ||||||
Loss from operations in 2023 was approximately $10.9 million compared to loss from operations of about $12.0 million in 2022. The decrease in loss from operations is mainly due to our efforts to reduce expenses including a decease in marketing expenses and in general and administrative expenses, which has decreased our loss from operation.
Loss Before Income Taxes
Loss before income taxes is about $11.4 million in 2023 as compared to loss before income taxes of about $12.0 million in 2022. The decrease in loss before income taxes is primarily due to the loss from operations of $10.9 million and investment loss on the investment in Suzhou Industrial Park Hongrun Rural Small Amount Loan Co., Ltd of $0.45 million.
Income Taxes Benefit
Our income taxes expense was approximately $135 thousand in 2023 as compared to income taxes benefit of about $420 thousand in 2022. The effective income tax rate was 1.0% and 3.5% in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The significant decrease in effective income tax rate is mainly due to less accrual of the realizable deferred tax assets in 2023 with the reversal of inventory impairment.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, we had a net loss of $11.5 million in 2023, compared to net loss of $11.5 million in 2022.
Other Comprehensive Income(loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustments amounted to a loss of $0.9 million for 2023 when compared to $2.4 million in 2022, respectively. The balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity as of December 31, 2023 were translated at 1.00 RMB to 0.1412 US$ as compared to 1.00 RMB to 0.1450 US$ as of December 31, 2022. The equity accounts were stated at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to the income statements accounts for 2023 and 2022 were 1.00 RMB to 0.1419 US$ and 1.00 RMB to 0.1489 US$, respectively. The change in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial results reported in U.S dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operation.
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2024 was $790 thousand. The principal items accounting for the difference between our net cash provided by operating activities and our net loss including decrease in advance to suppliers of about $10.2 million and decrease in accounts receivable of about $0.5 million, offset by decrease in accounts payables of about $1.8 million. The decrease in accounts payables is mainly due to shrinking credit term provided by our third-party vendors. The decrease in accounts receivables is mainly due to a decrease in sales to local distributors and wholesalers which we provided certain credit terms based on our evaluation of their creditworthiness. The decrease in advance to suppliers is mainly due to contraction of our operation.
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Net cash used in operating activities in 2023 was $13.5 million. The principal items accounting for the difference between our net cash used in operating activities and our net loss including a decrease in accounts payables of about $4.0 million and contract liabilities of about $15.7 million, offset by decrease in inventories of about $5.2 million, decrease in advance to suppliers of about $8.1 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of about $3.4 million. The decrease in accounts payables is mainly due to shrinking credit term provided by our third-party vendors. The decrease in accounts receivables is mainly due to a decrease in sales to local distributors and wholesalers which we provided certain credit terms based on our evaluation of their creditworthiness. The decrease in advance to suppliers and inventories is mainly due to contraction of our operation.
Net cash used in operating activities in 2022 was $12.0 million. The principal items accounting for the difference between our net cash used in operating activities and our net loss including increase in accounts receivable of about $1.5 million, increase in inventories of about $3.1 million, increase in advance to suppliers of about $18.0 million and offset by increase in accounts payables of about $1.6 million and contract liabilities of about $16.9 million. The increase in accounts receivables is mainly due to increase in sales to local distributors and wholesalers which we provided certain credit terms based on our evaluation of their creditworthiness. The increase in advance to suppliers and inventories is mainly due to our expansion of our operation and increase in sales. The increase in accounts payables is mainly due to extended credit term provided by our third-party vendors.
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $124 thousand, $42 thousand and $1.3 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash used in investing activities in 2024 were used to purchase fixed assets and software. Cash used in investing activities in 2023 were used to purchase fixed assets and software and increased investment. Cash used in investing activities in 2022 were used to purchase fixed assets and software.
Cash flows from financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities in 2024 was about $18 thousand, including about $421 thousand repayment of short-term loan, partially offset by $403 thousand from the proceeds from related party loans.
Net cash used in financing activities in 2023 was about $1.6 million, including about $2.4 million repayment of short-term loan, partially offset by $426 thousand from the proceeds from short-term loans and $354 thousand from the proceeds from related party loans.
Net cash provided by financing activities in 2022 was about $9.9 million, including about $9.9 million proceeds from issuance of Ordinary Shares and $56,000 from the proceeds from related party loans.
Cash Transfer within the Company and Restrictions on Dividends Distribution
The Company’s sales, purchases and expense transactions are denominated in RMB, and all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China, the central bank of China. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance. Currently, our subsidiary in the PRC may purchase currencies to transfer cash within the Company among subsidiaries in and out of the PRC for, among other things, payment of cash dividends to us, if any, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future and therefore limit our ability to transfer cash within the Company among subsidiaries in and out of the PRC. The limitation over cash transfer within the Company does not raise additional liquidity risk as all of our liabilities are also denominated in RMB and we conduct our business primarily through the consolidated VIE in China.
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We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiary may pay dividends only out of its accumulated after-tax profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our subsidiary in the PRC is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entities in the PRC is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation. Therefore, these statutory reserves, along with the registered capital of the PRC entities, are considered as restricted. Amounts restricted that include paid in capital and statutory reserve funds, as determined pursuant to PRC GAAP, are $45,106,851 and $45,106,851 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements
We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholder’s equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such an entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or that engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Assets Held By and the Operations of Entities Apart From the Consolidated VIE
The Company and its subsidiaries are all holding companies, except for the consolidated VIE. The only assets held by the Company and its subsidiaries are the cash in their bank accounts. The uncertainties in the PRC legal system could cause the relevant regulatory authorities to find our current VIE Agreements with VIE to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations and could limit the Company’s ability to enforce its rights under these contractual arrangements. Furthermore, the nominee shareholders of the VIE may have interests that are different from those of the Company, which could potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the terms of the VIE Agreements with the VIE. In addition, if the nominee shareholders will not remain the shareholders of the VIE, breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse to renew the existing contractual arrangements the Company has with them and the VIE, the Company may not be able to effectively control the VIE and receive economic benefits from them, which may result in deconsolidation of the VIE.
JOBS Act
On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. We are qualified as an “emerging growth company” and under the JOBS Act we will be allowed to comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements based on the effective date for private (not publicly traded) companies. We are electing to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards, and as a result, we may not comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks
Liquidity risk
We are exposed to liquidity risk, which is the risk that we will be unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, we will turn to other financial institutions to obtain short-term funding to meet the liquidity shortage.
Inflation risk
Inflationary factors, such as increases in personnel and overhead costs, could impair our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and operating expenses as a percentage of sales revenue if the revenues from our products do not increase with such increased costs.
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Interest rate risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest rate that our deposited cash can earn, on the other hand, interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. An increase, however, may raise the cost of any debt we incur in the future.
Foreign currency translation and transaction
Our operating transactions and assets and liabilities are mainly denominated in RMB. RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies for capital account transactions. The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions and China’s foreign exchange policies. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The Board is issuing the amendments in this Update to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Investors currently rely on the rate reconciliation table and other disclosures, including total income taxes paid, to evaluate income tax risks and opportunities. While investors find these disclosures helpful, they suggested possible enhancements to better (1) understand an entity’s exposure to potential changes in jurisdictional tax legislation and the ensuing risks and opportunities, (2) assess income tax information that affects cash flow forecasts and capital allocation decisions, and (3) identify potential opportunities to increase future cash flows. The Board decided that the amendments should be effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.
In February 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, “Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements”. The Board decided that the types of issues that it will consider through this project are changes to clarify the Codification or correct unintended application of guidance that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or cost to most entities. An explanation of why each amendment in this Update is being made is provided in the “Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification” section. Thus, there is no separate section for the Board’s basis for conclusions in this Update. These issues to remove references to various Concepts Statements and their proposed amendments were included in Section A (“Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements”) of the 2019 proposed Accounting Standards Update, Codification Improvements. Sections B and C (“Amendments to Disclosure Sections of the Codification” and “Other Codification Improvements”) of that proposed Update were finalized in 2020.The issues in this Update are numbered as they were in the 2019 proposed Update. In some cases, the Board decided to revise the amendments in this Update from what was included in the 2019 proposed Update. Those changes were responsive to stakeholder feedback received on the 2019 proposed Update and, in many cases, resulted in more narrow changes than were proposed.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and similar Awards”. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15.2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15,2025, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim period, it should adopt them as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve financial reporting by requiring that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. For interim and annual reporting periods, an entity shall disaggregate, in a tabular format disclosure in the notes to financial statements, all relevant expense captions presented on the face of the income statement in continuing operations into the purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update should be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this Update or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The Board issued Update 2024-03 on November 4, 2024. Update 2024-03 states that the amendments are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Following the issuance of Update 2024-03, the Board was asked to clarify the initial effective date for entities that do not have an annual reporting period that ends on December 31 (referred to as non-calendar year-end entities). Because of how the effective date guidance was written, a non-calendar year-end entity may have concluded that it would be required to initially adopt the disclosure requirements in Update 2024-03 in an interim reporting period, rather than in an annual reporting period. The Board’s intent on the basis for conclusions of Update 2024-03 is clear that all public business entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. However, the Board acknowledges that there was ambiguity between the intent in the basis for conclusions in Update 2024-03 and the transition guidance that was included in the Codification when Update 2024-03 was issued.
The Company has evaluated pronouncements recently issued but not yet adopted. The adoption of these pronouncements is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
5B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We conduct our operations primarily through the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries in China. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon service fee paid by Shanghai Juhao. If Shanghai Juhao incurs debt on its behalf in the future, the instruments governing its debt may restrict its ability to pay service fee to us. In addition, Shanghai Juhao is permitted to pay service fee to us only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, Shanghai Juhao is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. Additionally, Shanghai Juhao may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to its enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare funds, at its discretion. Shanghai Juhao may also allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to a discretionary surplus fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, we reported a net loss of $8.0 million and operating cash inflow of $790 thousand, which were primarily due to the negative impact of economic downturn on our business and operation.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements, during the financial year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $8,002,644, and as of December 31, 2024, its accumulated deficit was $34,003,726. These events or conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Presently, the Company’s principal source of liquidity are its revenues, proceeds from its public offering and private placements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had cash of approximately $2.2 million and working capital of $10.2 million. $2.1 million of the cash were held by the VIE with banks and financial institutions inside China as the Company conducted its operations primarily through the consolidated VIE in China. With the uncertainty of the current market, the management believes it is necessary to enhance the collection of the outstanding balance of accounts receivable and other receivables, and to be cautious on operational decisions and project selections. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $704 thousand, or 28%, of its accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2024 were collected, and approximately $2.9 million or 76% of its advances to supplier balance as of December 31, 2024 were utilized.
Based on our current operating plan, we believe that the above-mentioned measures, including cash on hand of approximately $2.1 million and bank borrowing, will collectively provide sufficient liquidity for the Company to meet its future liquidity and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months from the date the Company’s consolidated financial statements are issued.
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The following table sets forth summary of our cash flows for 2024, 2023 and 2022:
| For the Years | ||||||||||||
| Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 790 | $ | (13,492 | ) | $ | (11,993 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | 124 | (42 | ) | (1,338 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (18 | ) | (1,633 | ) | 9,938 | |||||||
| Effect of exchange rate change on cash | 286 | (301 | ) | (1,139 | ) | |||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 934 | (15,468 | ) | (4,532 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, beginning of the year | 1,250 | 16,718 | 21,250 | |||||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, end of the year | 2,184 | 1,250 | 16,718 | |||||||||
5C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview --“Intellectual Property.”
D. Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities; (ii) the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each reporting period; and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We continually evaluate these judgments, estimates and assumptions based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions and our expectations regarding the future based on available information, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.
When reading our consolidated financial statements, you should consider our selection of critical accounting policies, the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. Our critical accounting policies and practices include the following: (i) revenue recognition; (ii) operating leases; (iii) income taxes; and (iv) consolidation of Variable Interest Entity and its subsidiaries. See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of these accounting policies. We believe the following accounting estimates involve the most significant judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements.
Allowance for credit losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses by estimating the expected credit and collectability trend of our customers. Accounts receivable is considered past due based on its contractual terms. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, we consider various factors, including historical experience, credit-worthiness of customers, current and reasonable forecasted future economic conditions, aging of the accounts receivable balances, payment patterns, and the forecasted information in pooling basis upon the use of the Current Expected Credit Loss Model (“CECL Model”) in accordance with ASC topic 326––Financial Instruments––Credit Losses. We also consider to provide specific allowance for credit losses for those accounts receivable balances when facts and circumstances have emerged to indicate that these receivables are unlikely to be collected. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the quantity of credit losses. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable was $438,864 and $559,382, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories consist of goods in transit and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is calculated using the weighted average basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business less any costs to sell products. We periodically evaluate inventories for their net realizable value adjustments and reduce the carrying value of those inventories that are obsolete or in excess of the forecasted usage to their estimated net realizable value based on various factors including aging and expiration dates, as applicable, taking into consideration historical and expected future product sales. For the years ended December 31,2024, 2023 and 2022, provision (reversal) of $235,674, ($438,949) and $1,102,119, respectively were recorded in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
6.A. Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date of this report.
| Directors and Executive Officers | Age | Position/Title | ||
| Haiting Li | 54 | Chief Executive Officer, Director, Chairman of the Board | ||
| Lu Qian | 40 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Dan (Jessie) Zhao | 52 | Director and Vice President | ||
| Haitao Wang(1)(2)(3) | 56 | Independent Director | ||
| Y. Tristan Kuo(1)(2)(3) | 70 | Independent Director | ||
| William Morris(1)(2)(3) | 71 | Independent Director |
| (1) | Member of audit committee. |
| (2) | Member of compensation committee. |
| (3) | Member of corporate governance and nominating committee. |
Biography
Haiting Li. Mr. Li was appointed as Chairman and director of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company on March 1, 2023. Mr. Li served as the Chairman of Beijing LianFu Network Technology Co., Ltd. from October 2019 to February 2023. From May 2008 to September 2019, Mr. Li was the Chairman and general manager of Jinan Lingzhi Zhongcheng Marketing Co., Ltd. From January 1998 to May 2008, Mr. Li was the general manager of Jinan Lingzhiren Marketing Co., Ltd. From May 1994 to December 1997, Mr. Li was the Manager of Zibo Lingzhi Marketing Co., Ltd. Mr. Li received his bachelor’s degree of engineering in Industrial Electrical Automation major from Shandong Institute of Civil Engineering in July 1992.
Lu Qian. Mr. Qian was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company on December 15, 2022. Mr. Qian has served as the financial controller of Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd., the operating variable interest entity of the Company from November 16, 2020 to December 14, 2022. Mr. Qian was the Chief Financial Officer of the Company from July 1, 2020 to November 15, 2020. From February 2018 to June 2020, Mr. Qian was the financial controller of Financial Management Department of Jiangsu Longrich Bioscience Co. Ltd. From June 2012 to February 2018, Mr. Qian was the director of the accounting team of Financial Management Department of Jiangsu Longrich Bioscience Co. Ltd. Mr. Qian received his bachelor’s degree from Jiangsu University in June 2006 with a major in accounting.
Dan (Jessie) Zhao. Ms. Zhao was appointed as a member of the Board on December 15, 2019 and vice president of finance of the Company on September 17, 2020. Since May 2019, Ms. Zhao has served as secretary of the board of directors of Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd. From April 2019 to June 2023, Ms. Zhao served as supervisor of Nantong Zhuama Bioscience Co., Ltd. From April 1996 to May 2019, Ms. Zhao served in various positions at Jiangsu Longrich Group Co., Ltd. including head of investment department, general manager of its subsidiary company, director of customer service department and director of planning and information department. Ms. Zhao received her bachelor’s degree in Economics from Nanjing Audit University in June 2007. Ms. Zhao received her Senior Customer Service Manager certificate from the American Certification Institute in August 2010. Ms. Zhao passed the fund practitioner test of the Asset Management Association of China in April 2017.
Haitao Wang. Mr. Haitao Wang was appointed as a member of the Board on December 15, 2019. Since August 2016, Mr. Wang has served as the vice president of Qichen (Shenzhen) Fund Management Co. Ltd. and supervisor of Shanghai Xiandai Industrial Co., Ltd. From September 2010 to July 2016, Mr. Wang served as vice president of Beijing Hongtianxia Agriculture Development Joint-Stock Company. Mr. Wang graduated from Heilongjiang Finance School in 1990 with a major in in planning and statistics.
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Y. Tristan Kuo. Mr. Kuo was appointed as a member of our board of directors on December 23, 2020. Since September 2022, Mr. Kuo has served as a board member, chairman of the audit committee and a member of compensation committee and corporate governance and nominating committee of Cine Top Culture Holdings Limited. Mr. Kuo served as a consultant from August 29, 2022 to June 30, 2024 and was the chief financial officer of Aerkomm Inc. (OTCQX: AKOM) from April 10, 2017 to August 28, 2022. From November 1, 2019 to December 16, 2021, Mr. Kuo has served as a board member, chairman of the audit committee and a member of compensation committee and corporate governance and nominating committee of Oriental Culture Holding LTD. (Nasdaq: OCG). From April 2016 to February 2020, Mr. Kuo served as vice president of investor relations and board secretary of Nutrastar International, Inc. From August 2015 to April 2017, Mr. Kuo served as chief financial officer of Success Holding Group International, Inc. From December 2014 to August 2015, Mr. Kuo served as engagement partner of Tatum. From August 2014 to May 2015, Mr. Kuo served as a member of board of directors and chairman of the audit committee of KBS Fashion Group Limited (NASDAQ: KBSF). From June 2012 to November 2013, Mr. Kuo served as chief financial officer of Crown Bioscience, Inc. Mr. Kuo was the chief financial officer of China Biologic Products (NASDAQ: CBPO) from June 2008 to May 2012 and was the vice president-finance of China Biologic Products September 2007 to May 2008. Mr. Kuo received a Master of Arts in Accounting from The Ohio State University in February 1982 and his Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Soochow University in Taiwan in May 1977. We believe that Mr. Kuo’s expertise and knowledge of accounting and management will benefit the Company’s operations and make him a valuable member of the board of directors and its committees.
William Morris. Mr. William Morris was appointed as a member of the Board on July 1, 2020. Since December 2018, Mr. Morris has served as the trading advisor for WJM Trading Strategies, LLC. From December 2015 to February 2018, Mr. Morris was the Chief Investment Officer of Dividend Trade Fund LLC. From October 2010 to July 2012, Mr. Morris served as Options Market Maker for VTrader Pro. Mr. Morris received his bachelor of art degree in Psychology from the University of Dayton in April 1975.
6.B. Compensation
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we paid an aggregate of approximately $ 231,288 in cash to our directors and executive officers. For share incentive grants to our officers and directors, see “—Share Incentive Plans.” We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our executive officers and directors.
Our PRC subsidiaries and our variable interest entity are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund.
Employment Agreements, Director Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Pursuant to these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for an initial term of one year, renewable upon mutual agreement of the Company and the executive officer.
The executive officers are entitled to a fixed salary and to participate in our equity incentive plans, if any and other company benefits, each as determined by the Board or a committee designated by the Board from time to time.
We may terminate the executive officer’s employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or material breach of any term of any employment or other services, confidentiality, intellectual property or non-competition agreements with the Company. In such case, the executive officer will solely be entitled to an accrued and unpaid salary through the effective date of such termination, and his/her right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. The executive officer is not entitled to severance payments upon any termination.
The executive officer may voluntarily terminate his/her employment for any reason and such termination shall take effect 30 days after the receipt by Company of the notice of termination. Upon the effective date of such termination, the executive officer shall be entitled to (a) accrued and unpaid salary and vacation through such termination date; and (b) all other compensation and benefits that were vested through such termination date. In the event the executive officer is terminated without notice, it shall be deemed a termination by the Company for cause.
Each of our executive officers has agreed not to use for his/her personal purposes nor divulge, furnish, or make accessible to anyone or use in any way (other than in the ordinary course of the business of the Company) any confidential or secret information or knowledge of the Company, whether developed by him/herself or by others.
In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition restrictions during the term of his or her employment and for six months following the last date of employment.
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Each executive officer also has agreed not to (i) solicit or induce, on his/her own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any employee of the Company or any of its affiliates to leave the employ of the Company or any of its affiliates; or (ii) solicit or induce, on his/her own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any customer or prospective customer of the Company or any of their respective affiliates to reduce its business with the Company or any of its affiliates.
We have entered into director agreements with each of our independent directors which agreements set forth the terms and provisions of their engagement.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our current memorandum and articles of association.
Share Incentive Plans
The Board of Directors of the Company approved and adopted Jowell Global Ltd. 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan (the “Equity Plan”) on August 2, 2021, which was approved at the stockholders’ meeting on September 10, 2021. The total aggregate ordinary shares of the Company authorized for issuance during the term of the Equity Plan is limited to 250,000 shares (after the Share Consolidation in October 2023).
As of May 8, 2025, 44,344 shares were granted and outstanding under the Equity Plan. The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the Equity Plan:
Administration. The Equity Plan requires that a committee of non-employee directors to administer the Equity Plan. Currently, our Compensation Committee, which we refer to hereto as the Committee, administers the Equity Plan.
Shares Subject to the Equity Plan. The shares issuable under the Equity Plan are our ordinary shares that are authorized but unissued or reacquired ordinary shares, including shares repurchased by the Company as treasury shares. The total aggregate ordinary shares of the Company authorized for issuance during the term of the Equity Plan is limited to 4,000,000 shares before Share Consolidation effected on October 25, 2023. Immediately after Share Consolidation, the shares under the Equity Plan is reduced and limited to 250,000 shares in total.
Types of Awards and Eligibility. The Equity Plan provides for five types of awards and they are: Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights (“SAR”), Unrestricted Stock, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units. The Eligible Persons under the Equity Plan include Employees, Outside Directors, Consultants and New Hires of the Company or its subsidiaries, as selected by our Board or the designated committee thereof.
Vesting and Forfeiture. The Committee determines the time and conditions under which the award will vest or the period of time after which the restriction shall lapse as part of making an award. Vesting or the lapse of the period of restriction may, in the Committee’s discretion, be based solely upon continued employment or service for a specified period of time, or may be based upon the achievement of specific performance goals (individual, corporation or other basis), or both. Unless otherwise provided by the Committee, when a participant terminates employment or service with us, all unexercised or unvested awards are forfeited, and if the termination is without cause, all outstanding vested options and SARs will continue to be exercisable until the earlier of the expiration term or the date that is three months after such termination date.
Prohibition on Repricing. Except as required or permitted pursuant to a corporate transaction (including, without limitation, any recapitalization or reorganization), in no event will an option or SAR be amended to reduce the exercise or base price or be canceled in exchange for cash, other awards or options or SARs with an exercise price or base price less than the exercise price of the original option or base price of the original SAR without shareholder approval.
Limits on Transfers of Awards/Beneficiary Designation. All awards are exercisable only by the participant during the participant’s lifetime, and are transferable only by will or by the laws of descent and distribution; provided, however, that the Committee may permit a transfer of an award, other than an inventive stock option, to a family member of an individual, subject to such restrictions as the Committee may provide.
Term. The Equity Plan is effective immediately upon the adoption by our Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, and will terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the 10th anniversary of the Equity Plan’s effective date, or (ii) the date on which all shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan shall have been issued as fully-vested shares. Options may be granted at any time on or after the date the Board of Directors adopt the Equity Plan, however, until the stockholders approve the Equity Plan, no options or SARs may be exercised, no restricted stock may be issued, and no award may be settled in stock.
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On November 26, 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board of the Company (the “Compensation Committee”) granted Ms. Mei Cai, the then Chief Financial Officer of the Company, 80,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) under the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan. Each RSU represents the right to receive one ordinary share of the Company. The restricted period for the RSUs shall lapse as to twenty-five percent (25%) of the RSUs on each of the grant date, March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively, subject to Ms. Cai remaining in the continuous service of the Company or its affiliates on each applicable date. Ms. Cai also entered into a Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with the Company on November 26, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, 80,000 shares have been issued to Ms. Cai. The share numbers in this paragraph are all before our Share Consolidation numbers.
On April 11, 2022, (the “Grant Date”), the Compensation Committee granted stock awards of 500,500 ordinary shares of the Company (the “Shares”), pursuant to the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan, to sixteen officers, directors and employees of the Company and its controlled variable interest entity (the “Grantees”), including: 120,000 shares to Zhiwei Xu, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company; 35,000 shares to Dan Zhao, Vice President and a director of the Board of the Company; 3,500 shares to William Morris, a director of the Board of the Company, 3,500 shares to Tristan Kuo, a director of the Board of the Company, and 3,500 shares to Haitao Wang, a director of the Board of the Company (collectively, the “Grants”). The Grants vested immediately on the Grant Date and each of the Grantees also entered into an Unrestricted Stock Award Agreement with the Company on April 11, 2022. As of May 14, 2024, the Shares have been issued to the Grantees. The share numbers in this paragraph are all before our Share Consolidation numbers.
On June 30, 2022, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”) of 120,000 ordinary shares to Mr. Zhiwei Xu, the Company’s then Chief Executive Officer and 39,000 ordinary shares to the Company’s Vice President under the 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan for service period from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023. The RSUs granted to the then Chief Executive Officer and Vice President have a graded vesting schedule with 25% vested on June 30, 2022, 25% vested on October 1, 2022, 25% vested on January 1, 2023, and the remaining 25% vested on April 1, 2023. The last tranche of 30,000 RSUs granted to the then Chief Executive Officer was forfeited due to his resignation as the Chief Executive Officer effective on March 1, 2023. As of May 14, 2023, the vested shares have been issued to the Grantees. The Company issued 30,000 shares to the former CEO Mr. Zhiwei Xu and 9,750 shares to Dan Zhao with price at $2.62 on January 1, 2023. The Company issued additional 9,750 shares to Dan Zhao, Vice President with price at $2.62 on April 1, 2023. The share numbers in this paragraph are all before our Share Consolidation numbers.
6.C. Board Practices
Terms of Directors and Officers
Our directors may be elected by a resolution of our board of directors, or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Our directors are not subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by ordinary resolution of our shareholders. A director will cease to be a director if, among other things, the director (a) gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns the office of Director; (b) without special leave of absence from the Board, is absent from meetings of the Board for three consecutive meetings and the Board resolves that his office be vacated; (c) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; or (d) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind.
Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
Our board of directors currently consists of 5 directors. We have established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a corporate governance and nominating committee. Each of the committees of the board of directors has the composition and responsibilities described below.
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Board Diversity Matrix
The following table sets forth Board level diversity statistics based on self-identification of members of our Board as of May 8, 2025.
| Board Diversity Matrix (As of May 8, 2025) | ||||
| Country of Principal Executive Offices: | P.R. China | |||
| Foreign Private Issuer: | Yes | |||
| Disclosure Prohibited Under Home Country Law: | No | |||
| Total Number of Directors | 5 | |||
| Female | Male | Non-Binary | Did Not Disclose Gender | |
| Part I: Gender Identity | ||||
| Directors | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Part II: Demographic Background | ||||
| Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction | 1 | |||
| LGBTQ+ | 0 | |||
| Did Not Disclose Demographic Background | 0 | |||
Audit Committee
William Morris, Haitao Wang, and Y. Tristan Kuo are members of our Audit Committee; Mr. Kuo serves as the chairman of the Audit Committee. All members of our Audit Committee satisfy the independence standards promulgated by the SEC and by NASDAQ as such standards apply specifically to members of audit committees.
We have adopted and approved a charter for the Audit Committee. In accordance with our Audit Committee Charter, our Audit Committee shall:
| ● | evaluate the independence and performance of, and assess the qualifications of, our independent auditor, and engage such independent auditor; | |
| ● | approve the plan and fees for the annual audit, quarterly reviews, tax and other audit-related services, and approve in advance any non-audit service to be provided by the independent auditor; |
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| ● | monitor the independence of the independent auditor and the rotation of partners of the independent auditor on our engagement team as required by law; |
| ● | review the financial statements to be included in our Annual Report on Form 20-F and Current Reports on Form 6-K and review with management and the independent auditors the results of the annual audit and reviews of our quarterly financial statements; |
| ● | oversee all aspects our systems of internal accounting control and corporate governance functions on behalf of the board; | |
| ● | review and approve in advance any proposed related-party transactions and report to the full Board on any approved transactions; and | |
| ● | provide oversight assistance in connection with legal, ethical and risk management compliance programs established by management and the Board, including Sarbanes-Oxley Act implementation, and make recommendations to the Board regarding corporate governance issues and policy decisions. |
We have determined that Y. Tristan Kuo possesses accounting or related financial management experience that qualifies him as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Compensation Committee
William Morris, Haitao Wang, and Y. Tristan Kuo are members of our Compensation Committee; Mr. Morris serves as the chairman of the Compensation Committee. All members of our Compensation Committee are qualified as independent under the current definition promulgated by NASDAQ. We have adopted a charter for the Compensation Committee.
In accordance with the Compensation Committee’s Charter, the Compensation Committee is responsible for overseeing and making recommendations to the board of directors regarding the salaries and other compensation of our executive officers and general employees and providing assistance and recommendations with respect to our compensation policies and practices. The Compensation Committee shall:
| ● | approve compensation principles that apply generally to Company employees; | |
| ● | make recommendations to the board of directors with respect to incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans and to oversee the application of the Company’s compensation recoupment/clawback policy; | |
| ● | administer and otherwise exercise the various authorities prescribed for the Compensation Committee by the Company’s incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans; | |
| ● | select a peer group of companies against which to benchmark/compare the Company’s compensation systems for principal officers elected by the board of directors; | |
| ● | annually review the Company’s compensation policies and practices and assess whether such policies and practices are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company; and | |
| ● | determine and oversee stock ownership guidelines and stock option holding requirements, including periodic review of compliance by principal officers and members of the board of directors. |
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
William Morris, Haitao Wang, and Y. Tristan Kuo are members of our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee; Mr. Wang serves as the chairman of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. All members of our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee are qualified as independent under the current definition promulgated by NASDAQ. We have adopted a charter for the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.
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In accordance with its charter, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for identifying and proposing new potential director nominees to the board of directors for consideration and reviewing our corporate governance policies. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee shall:
| ● | Identify and screen individuals qualified to become Board members consistent with the criteria approved by the board of directors, and recommend director nominees to the board of directors for election at the next annual or special meeting of shareholders at which directors are to be elected or to fill any vacancies or newly created directorships that may occur between such meetings; | |
| ● | Recommend directors for appointment to Board committees; | |
| ● | Make recommendations to the board of directors as to determinations of director independence; | |
| ● | Oversee the evaluation of the board of directors; | |
| ● | Make recommendations to the board of directors as to compensation for the Company’s directors; and | |
| ● | Review and recommend to the board of directors the Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for the Company. |
Director Independence
Our Board reviewed the materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with us, either directly or indirectly, and the Company has determined that William Morris, Haitao Wang, Y. Tristan Kuo are “independent directors” as defined by NASDAQ.
6.D. Employees
As of December 31, 2024, we had a total of 166 employees. We had a total of 154 employees as of December 31, 2023. The following table sets forth the breakdown of our employees as of December 31, 2024 by function:
| Category | Number of Employees | Percentage of workforce | ||||||
| Management | 31 | 18.67 | % | |||||
| Fulfillment Center | 83 | 50.00 | % | |||||
| IT | 5 | 3.01 | % | |||||
| Finance and Accounting | 17 | 10.24 | % | |||||
| Investment | 1 | 0.60 | % | |||||
| Quality Control | 4 | 2.41 | % | |||||
| Customer Service | 11 | 6.63 | % | |||||
| Product Development | 6 | 3.61 | % | |||||
| Design | 4 | 2.41 | % | |||||
| HR | 3 | 1.81 | % | |||||
| Benefits | 1 | 0.60 | % | |||||
| Total | 166 | 100 | % | |||||
As of December 31, 2024, 7 of our employees were based in Shanghai, where our principal executive offices are located, and 106 employees were located in Changshu City, 53 employees were in other field offices in China.
We understand that our success depends on our ability to attract, train and retain our employees. Therefore, as part of our human resources strategy, we offer employees competitive salaries, stock awards, performance-based cash bonuses and promotions, engagement activities, various welfare as well as other incentives. We design and provide training to our employees regularly in order to enhance their professional skills and foster their career development. We also recognize the importance of keeping our employees safe.
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As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various government statutory employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. As of the date of this report, we have made adequate employee benefit payments. However, if we were found by the relevant authorities that we failed to make adequate payment, we may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.”
We enter into standard labor and confidentiality agreements with our employees. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor disputes.
6.E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of May 8, 2025 for:
| ● | each beneficial owner of 5% or more of our outstanding ordinary shares; | |
| ● | each of our directors and executive officers; and | |
| ● | all of our directors and executive officers as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities and include ordinary shares issuable to such persons upon the exercise of options that are immediately exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date hereof. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.
Except as otherwise indicated, all of the shares reflected in the table are ordinary shares and all persons listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws. The information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose.
The calculations in the table below are based on 2,170,475 ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of the date of May 8, 2025.
Except as otherwise indicated in the table below, addresses of our directors, executive officers and named beneficial owners are in care of Jowell Global Ltd., 2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China 200082. Our telephone number at this address +86-21-5521-01874.
| Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned | ||||||||
| Name of Beneficial Owners | Number | % | ||||||
| Directors and Executive Officers: | ||||||||
| Yu- Yun Tristan Kuo | 219 | * | ||||||
| William J. Morris | 219 | * | ||||||
| Haitao Wang | 218 | * | ||||||
| Haiting Li | - | - | ||||||
| Dan (Jessie) Zhao | - | - | ||||||
| Lu Qian | - | - | ||||||
| All directors and executive officers as a group (six individuals): | 656 | * | ||||||
| 5% or Greater Shareholders: | ||||||||
| Jowell Holdings Ltd. (1) | 333,837 | 15.4 | ||||||
| Zhiwei Xu (1) | 340,654 | 15.7 | ||||||
| (1) | 6,817 shares owned by Zhiwei Xu directly and 333,837 shares owned by Jowell Holdings Ltd. Mr. Zhiwei Xu was the Chairman of our Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company until March 1, 2023 and he is the sole shareholder of Jowell Holdings Ltd. a British Virgin Islands company. The registered address of Jowell Holdings Ltd. is Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands. Mr. Zhiwei Xu also owns all 46,875 of the Company’s outstanding preferred shares, and each holder of one preferred share has the right to 2 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company and Mr. Xu’s address is 30 Xinzhuang Section, Jiangsu Provincial Road 227, Changshu, Suzhou, China. |
| * | less than 1% |
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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
7.A. Major Shareholders
See Item 6.E., “Share Ownership” for a description of our major shareholders.
7.B. Related Party Transactions
Variable Interest Entity Arrangements
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”
Employment Agreements, Director Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers—Employment Agreements, Director Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.”
Share Incentives
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers —Share Incentive Plans.”
Other Transactions with Related Parties
The relationship and the nature of related party transactions are summarized as follow:
| Name of Related Party | Relationship to the Company | Nature of Transactions | ||
| Longrich Group and its subsidiaries | Controlled by Mr. Zhiwei Xu, a major shareholder of the Company | Purchase and operating leases from the related party | ||
| Longrich America Int’l, Inc. | Controlled by Mr. Zhiwei Xu | Sales to the related party | ||
| Jowell Holdings Limited | Controlled by Mr. Zhiwei Xu | Funds support |
Due to related parties:
The balance due to related parties account amounted to $925,100 and $528,472 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These dues to related parties, subsidiaries of Longrich Group and Jowell Holdings Limited, are typically short-term in nature, interest-free and due upon demand.
Related party lease:
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had five leases from its related party, subsidiaries of Longrich Group, which are controlled by Mr. Zhiwei Xu, a major shareholder of the Company. The Company is obligated to pay quarterly based rents under these lease agreements. See Note 14 for further discussion.
Related party purchases:
The Company periodically purchases merchandise from Longrich Group and its subsidiaries during the ordinary course of business. The goods purchased from Longrich Group were $37,414,302, $34,258,761 and $44,886,549 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had accounts payable of $70,258 and $194,818 related to these purchases.
Related party sales:
The Company made sales to the related parties controlled by Mr. Zhiwei Xu, a major shareholder of the Company, in the amount of $17,860, $6,853 and $160,055 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had accounts receivable of nil and $47,040 related to these sales.
7.C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
The financial statements required by this item may be found at the end of this Annual Report on 20-F, beginning on page F-1.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently not involved in any material legal or administrative proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Such legal or administrative claims and proceedings, even if without merit, could result in the expenditure of financial and management resources and potentially result in civil liability for damages.
Dividends
We have not declared or paid cash dividends since the Company was incorporated in August 2019 in Cayman Island and we have no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future on our ordinary shares. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely principally on dividends from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Regulations —Regulations on Dividend Distribution.”
Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to applicable laws. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
No Significant Changes
Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, no other significant changes to our financial condition have occurred since the date of the annual financial statements contained herein.
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ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
9.A. Offer and Listing Details
Our ordinary shares are listed for trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “JWEL” The shares began trading on March 17, 2021 on the NASDAQ Capital Market.
9.B. Plan of Distribution
Not Applicable.
9.C. Markets
Our ordinary shares have been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market since March 17, 2021 under the symbol “JWEL”.
9.D. Selling Shareholders
Not Applicable.
9.E. Dilution
Not Applicable.
9.F. Expenses of the Issuer
Not Applicable.
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ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
10.A. Share Capital
Not Applicable.
10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares and our affairs are governed by our current memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the “Companies Act” below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.
On October 25, 2023, the shareholders of the Company held an extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) and approved by an ordinary resolution of a share consolidation (the “Share Consolidation”) that (i) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) ordinary share par value $0.0016 each and (ii) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued preferred shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 each (the “Preferred Shares”) be consolidated into one (1) preferred share, par value $0.0016 each.. Immediately following the Share Consolidation, the Company increased the authorized share capital to $800,000 divided into shares of which (i) 450,000,000 shares are designated as ordinary shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share, and (ii) 50,000,000 shares are designated as preferred shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0016 per share (the “Share Capital Increase”). On October 25, 2023, the shareholders of the Company also approved and adopted by a special resolution the third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company to reflect the Share Consolidation and the Share Capital Increase.
Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at P. O. Box 31119, Grand Pavilion, Hibiscus Way, 802 West Bay Road, Grand Cayman, KY1 - 1205 Cayman Islands.
According to clause 3 of our current amended and restated memorandum of association, the objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Companies Act or any other Law of the Cayman Islands.
Board of Directors
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”
Ordinary Shares
Dividends. Subject to any rights and restrictions of any other class or series of shares, our Board may, from time to time, declare dividends on the shares issued and authorize payment of the dividends out of our lawfully available funds. No dividends shall be declared by the board out of our company except the following:
| ● | profits; or | |
| ● | “share premium account,” which represents the excess of the price paid to our company on issue of its shares over the par or “nominal” value of those shares, which is similar to the U.S. concept of additional paid in capital. |
However, no dividend shall bear interest against the Company.
Voting Rights. Each Ordinary Share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to vote at general and special meetings of our company and each Preferred Share shall be entitled to two (2) votes on all matters subject to vote at general and special meetings of our company. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or any one or more shareholders who together hold not less than 10% of the nominal value of the total issued voting shares of our company present in person or by proxy. An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the outstanding Ordinary Shares at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as making changes to our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
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There are no limitations on non-residents or foreign shareholders in the memorandum and articles to hold or exercise voting rights on the Ordinary Shares imposed by foreign law or by the charter or other constituent document of our company. However, no person will be entitled to vote at any general meeting or at any separate meeting of the holders of the Ordinary Shares unless the person is registered as of the record date for such meeting and unless all calls or other sums presently payable by the person in respect of Ordinary Shares in the Company have been paid.
Winding Up; Liquidation. Upon the winding up of our company, after the full amount that holders of any issued shares ranking senior to the Ordinary Shares as to distribution on liquidation or winding up are entitled to receive has been paid or set aside for payment, the holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive any remaining assets of the Company available for distribution as determined by the liquidator. The assets received by the holders of our Ordinary Shares in a liquidation may consist in whole or in part of property, which is not required to be of the same kind for all shareholders.
Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. Any Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption of Ordinary Shares. We may issue shares that are, or at its option or at the option of the holders are, subject to redemption on such terms and in such manner as it may, before the issue of the shares, determine. Under the Companies Act, shares of a Cayman Islands exempted company may be redeemed or repurchased out of profits of the company, out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for that purpose or out of capital, provided the memorandum and articles authorize this and it has the ability to pay its debts as they come due in the ordinary course of business.
No Preemptive Rights. Holders of Ordinary Shares will have no preemptive or preferential right to purchase any securities of our company.
Variation of Rights Attaching to Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, be materially adversely varied with the written consent of the holders of all of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of an ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our current memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions contained in our current articles of association, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors.
Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:
| ● | the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; |
| ● | in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and |
| ● | a fee of such maximum sum as the Nasdaq Capital Market may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof. |
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If our directors refuse to register a transfer, they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may, on ten calendar days’ notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers, by electronic means or by any other means in accordance with the Nasdaq Rules, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may, in their absolute discretion, from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 calendar days in any calendar year.
Inspection of Books and Records
Holders of our shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association, the register of mortgages and charges, and copies of any special resolutions passed by our shareholders). However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.
General Meeting of Shareholders. Shareholders’ meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors or our chairman. Advance notice of at least seven (7) calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for and throughout a meeting of shareholders consists of at least one shareholder entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a shareholder being a corporation) by its duly authorized representative representing not less than one-third of all voting power of our share capital in issue.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; | |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; | |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; | |
| ● | may issue shares with no par value; | |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); | |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; | |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and | |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).
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Preferred Shares
Conversion. Each Preferred Share is convertible into one (1) ordinary share at any time at the option of the holder thereof. In no event shall Ordinary Shares be convertible into Preferred Shares.
Voting Rights. Each share of Preferred Shares shall have the voting rights equal to two (2) Ordinary Shares.
Dividends. Except for voting rights and conversion rights as set out hereof, the Ordinary Shares and the Preferred Shares shall rank pari passu with one another and shall have the same rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions.
Assignment and Transfer. The holders of Preferred Shares shall have the right to transfer each share of the Preferred Shares to any third-party at any time in such holder’s sole and absolute discretion, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of any Preferred Share by a shareholder to any person who is not an affiliate of such shareholder, or upon a change of control of any Preferred Share to any person who is not an affiliate of the registered shareholder of such share, such Preferred Share shall be automatically and immediately converted into one (1) ordinary share.
10.C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in this annual report.
10.D. Exchange Controls
Cayman Islands
Currently there is no exchange control regulations in the Cayman Islands applicable to us and shareholders.
China
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—PRC Laws and Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange” for exchange controls in China.
10.E. Taxation
The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, PRC and U.S. tax consequences of an investment in our ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. This summary also does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local, or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, PRC and the United States. Investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a share.
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People’s Republic of China Taxation
Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income as well as tax reporting obligations. Under the Implementation Rules, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and properties of an enterprise. In addition, SAT Circular 82 issued in April 2009 specifies that certain offshore-incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if all of the following conditions are met: (a) senior management personnel and core management departments in charge of the daily operations of the enterprises have their presence mainly in the PRC; (b) their financial and human resources decisions are subject to determination or approval by persons or bodies in the PRC; (c) major assets, accounting books and company seals of the enterprises, and minutes and files of their board’s and shareholders’ meetings are located or kept in the PRC; and (d) half or more of the enterprises’ directors or senior management personnel with voting rights habitually reside in the PRC. Further to SAT Circular 82, the SAT issued SAT Bulletin 45, which took effect in September 2011, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82. SAT Bulletin 45 provides for procedures and administration details of determination on PRC resident enterprise status and administration on post-determination matters. If the PRC tax authorities determine that the Company is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. For example, Shanghai Juhao may be subject to enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% with respect to its worldwide taxable income. Also, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC enterprise shareholders from transferring our shares or Ordinary Shares and potentially a 20% of withholding tax would be imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC individual shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC individual shareholders from transferring our shares or Ordinary Shares.
It is unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our shares or Ordinary Shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders”.
The SAT issued SAT Circular 59 together with the Ministry of Finance in April 2009 and SAT Circular 698 in December 2009. Both SAT Circular 59 and SAT Circular 698 became effective retroactively as of January 1, 2008, and Circular 7, in replacement of some of the existing rules in Circular 698, became effective in February 2015. On October 17, 2017, the SAT promulgated Bulletin 37, and Circular 698 was replaced effective December 1, 2017. Under Circular 7, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, or the transferee or the PRC entity which directly owned such taxable assets, may report such indirect transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. We and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed, under Circular 59 or Circular 7 and Bulletin 37, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Circular 59, Circular 7 and Bulletin 37 or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these circulars. In addition, in accordance with the Individual Income Tax Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of NPC, later amended on August 31, 2018, and effective January 1, 2019, where an individual carries out other arrangements without reasonable business purpose and obtains improper tax gains, the tax authorities shall have the right to make tax adjustments based on a reasonable method, and levy additional tax and collect interest if there is a need to levy additional tax after making tax adjustments. As a result, our beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, may be deemed to have carried out other arrangements without reasonable business purpose and obtained improper tax gains for such indirect transfer, and thus be levied tax. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We face uncertainty regarding the PRC tax reporting obligations and consequences for certain indirect transfers of our operating company’s equity interests. Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.”
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Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Tax Arrangement, where a Hong Kong resident enterprise which is considered a non-PRC tax resident enterprise directly holds at least 25% of a PRC enterprise, the withholding tax rate in respect of the payment of dividends by such PRC enterprise to such Hong Kong resident enterprise is reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10%, subject to approval of the PRC local tax authority. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or Circular 81, a resident enterprise of the counter-party to such Tax Arrangement should meet the following conditions, among others, in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax under the Tax Arrangement: (i) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in such PRC resident enterprise; and (ii) it should directly own such percentage in the PRC resident enterprise anytime in the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. Furthermore, the Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Enterprises to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties (for Trial Implementation), or the Administrative Measures, which became effective in October 2009, requires that the non-resident enterprises must obtain the approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax rate under the tax treaties. There are also other conditions for enjoying such reduced withholding tax rate according to other relevant tax rules and regulations. Accordingly, Shanghai Juhao may be able to enjoy the 5% withholding tax rate for the dividends it receives from the WFOE, if it satisfies the conditions prescribed under Circular 81 and other relevant tax rules and regulations, and obtains the approvals as required under the Administrative Measures. However, according to Circular 81, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future.
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a discussion of United States federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our ordinary shares by a U.S. Holder, as defined below, that acquires our ordinary shares and holds our ordinary shares as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This discussion is based upon existing United States federal income tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. No ruling has been sought from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to any United States federal income tax consequences described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special tax rules (such as, for example, certain financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect mark-to-market treatment, partnerships and their partners, tax-exempt organizations (including private foundations)), investors who are not U.S. Holders, investors that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of our voting stock, investors that hold their ordinary shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction), or investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below. In addition, this discussion does not address any tax laws other than the United States federal income tax laws, including any state, local, alternative minimum tax or non-United States tax considerations, or the Medicare tax. Each potential investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state, local and non-United States income and other tax considerations of an investment in our ordinary shares.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is, for United States federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or treated as a tax resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the laws of, the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise elected to be treated as a United States person under the Code.
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If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships and partners of a partnership holding our ordinary shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in our ordinary shares.
The discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders that purchase ordinary shares. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the application of the U.S. federal income tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of distributions made by us to you with respect to the ordinary shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). With respect to corporate U.S. Holders, the dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Because there is no income tax treaty between the United States and the Cayman Islands, clause (1) above can be satisfied only if the ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Under U.S. Internal Revenue Service authority, ordinary shares are considered for purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the Nasdaq. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our ordinary shares, including the effects of any change in law after the date of this report.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your ordinary shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
Taxation of Dispositions of Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of a share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the ordinary shares. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the ordinary shares for more than one year, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on any such capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
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Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”)
A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:
| ● | at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income; or |
| ● | at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). |
Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In determining the value and composition of our assets for purposes of the PFIC asset test, (1) the cash we hold will generally be considered to be held for the production of passive income and (2) the value of our assets must be determined based on the market value of our ordinary shares from time to time, which could cause the value of our non-passive assets to be less than 50% of the value of all of our assets (including the cash raised in any offering) on any particular quarterly testing date for purposes of the asset test.
We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. Depending on the amount of cash we hold, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent taxable year, at least 50% of our assets may be assets held for the production of passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we treat the consolidated variable interest entity, as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entity but also because we are entitled to substantially all of their economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate their operating results in our consolidated financial statements. In particular, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined based on the market price of our ordinary shares and because cash is generally considered to be an asset held for the production of passive income, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our ordinary shares and the amount of cash we hold. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the ordinary shares may cause us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects. We are under no obligation to take steps to reduce the risk of our being classified as a PFIC, and as stated above, the determination of the value of our assets will depend upon material facts (including the market price of our ordinary shares from time to time that may not be within our control). If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold ordinary shares, the shares will continue to be treated as stock in a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold ordinary shares. However, if we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to the ordinary shares.
If we are a PFIC for your taxable year(s) during which you hold ordinary shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ordinary shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ordinary shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ordinary shares; |
| ● | the amount allocated to your current taxable year, and any amount allocated to any of your taxable year(s) prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and |
| ● | the amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the ordinary shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the ordinary shares as capital assets.
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A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for first taxable year which you hold (or are deemed to hold) ordinary shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ordinary shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis in such ordinary shares, which excess will be treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the ordinary shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, such ordinary loss is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ordinary shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the ordinary shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the ordinary shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such ordinary shares. Your basis in the ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us, except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under “— Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our ordinary shares” generally would not apply.
The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock”, which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market (as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations), including Nasdaq. If the ordinary shares are regularly traded on Nasdaq and if you are a holder of ordinary shares, the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to be or become a PFIC.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” election with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations.
We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold ordinary shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 in each such year and provide certain annual information regarding such ordinary shares, including regarding distributions received on the ordinary shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the ordinary shares.
If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if we were a PFIC at any time during the period you hold our ordinary shares, then such ordinary shares will continue to be treated as stock of a PFIC with respect to you even if we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging election” for the year we cease to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such ordinary shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new basis (equal to the fair market value of the ordinary shares on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC) and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your ordinary shares for tax purposes.
You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our ordinary shares and the elections discussed above.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related intermediaries may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other “exempt recipient” or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Information with respect to foreign financial assets
Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (and, under proposed regulations, certain entities) may be required to report information relating to an interest in our ordinary shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for ordinary shares held in accounts maintained by certain U.S. financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this legislation on their ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.
10.F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not Applicable.
10.G. Statement by Experts
Not Applicable.
10.H. Documents on Display
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. All information filed with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information regarding the Washington, D.C. Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may also visit us on the world wide web at http://www.1juhao.com. However, information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this annual report.
10.I. Subsidiary Information
Not Applicable.
10.J. Annual Report to Security Holders
Not applicable.
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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Liquidity risk
We are exposed to liquidity risk, which is the risk that we will be unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, we will turn to other financial institutions to obtain short-term funding to meet the liquidity shortage.
Inflation risk
Inflationary factors, such as increases in personnel and overhead costs, could impair our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and operating expenses as a percentage of sales revenue if the revenues from our products do not increase with such increased costs.
Interest rate risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest rate that our deposited cash can earn, on the other hand, interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. An increase, however, may raise the cost of any debt we incur in the future.
Foreign currency translation and transaction
Our operating transactions and assets and liabilities are mainly denominated in RMB. RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies for capital account transactions. The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions and China’s foreign exchange policies. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B. Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C. Other Securities
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
See “Item 10—Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Common Shares” for a description of the rights of securities holders, including the Share Consolidation and Share Capital Increase effected on October 25, 2023.
Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that, due to the material weaknesses identified below, as of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15 (f) under the Exchange Act. As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules as promulgated by the SEC, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
In the course of management’s preparation and our independent registered public accounting firm’s auditing of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. As defined in the standards established by the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, in accordance with the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States.
The material weakness identified relates to: our lack of in-house accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to prepare and review financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and applicable requirements by SEC.
To remedy our identified material weakness identified to date, we will hire accountants who have extensive experience in US GAAP and SEC reporting to join us in proper opportunity.
However, we cannot assure you that we will remediate our material weaknesses in a timely manner, or at all. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. We may not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our Ordinary Shares.”
As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. This annual report on Form 20-F does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm because we are an emerging growth company.
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Changes in Internal Control
Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16.A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Y. Tristan Kuo, Chairman of our audit committee and an independent director (under the standards set forth in Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5605(a)(2) and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act), is an audit committee financial expert.
ITEM 16.B. CODE OF ETHICS
Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of our company. We have filed our code of business conduct and ethics as Exhibit 99.1 of our registration statement on Form F-1 (File Number: 333-250889), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on November 23, 2020.
ITEM 16.C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Enrome LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, for the year ended December 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023.
| Year Ended December 31, 2024(6) | Year Ended December 31, 2023(5) | |||||||
| Audit fees(1) | $ | 210,000 | $ | 210,000 | ||||
| Audit related fees(2) | 45,000 | 50,000 | ||||||
| Tax fees(3) | - | - | ||||||
| All other fees(4) | - | - | ||||||
| Total | 255,000 | 260,000 | ||||||
| (1) | “Audit fees” means the aggregate fees billed for each of the fiscal years for professional services rendered by our principal accountant for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years. |
| (2) | “Audit related fees” means the aggregate fees billed for each of the fiscal years for assurance and related services by our principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under paragraph (1). |
| (3) | “Tax Fees” represents the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for the professional tax services rendered by our principal auditors. |
| (4) | “All Other Fees” represents the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for services rendered by our principal auditors other than services reported under “Audit fees,” “Audit-related fees” and “Tax fees.” |
| (5) | $80,000 was for Marcum Asia CPAs LLP and $180,000 was for Enrome LLP for the year ended December 31, 2023. |
| (6) | $30,000 was for Marcum Asia CPAs LLP and $225,000 was for Enrome LLP for the year ended December 31, 2024. |
The policy of our audit committee and our board of directors is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by our principal auditors, including audit services, audit-related services, and other services as described above, other than those for de minimis services which are approved by the audit committee or our board of directors prior to the completion of the services. All services rendered by Marcum Asia CPAs LLP prior to December 21, 2023, and as of and after December 21, 2023, by Enrome LLP to the Company are permissible under any applicable laws and regulations. During fiscal year 2023, all services performed by Marcum Asia CPAs LLP and Enrome LLP were approved in advance by the Audit Committee. During fiscal year 2024, all services performed by Enrome LLP were approved in advance by the Audit Committee.
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ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
Neither we nor any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act, purchased any of our equity securities during the period covered by this annual report.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
On December 21, 2023, the Audit Committee (the “Audit Committee”) of Board of Directors of Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”) approved the dismissal of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (“Marcum Asia”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the engagement of Enrome LLP (“Enrome”) to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company.
The audit report of Marcum Asia on the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and was not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and through the subsequent interim period through December 20, 2023, there were (i) no disagreements, as defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) of Form 20-F and the related instructions thereto, between the Company and Marcum Asia on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures, which, if not resolved to Marcum Asia’s satisfaction, would have caused Marcum Asia to make reference thereto in its report on the financial statements for such year, and (ii) no “reportable events” (as defined set forth in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F), other than the material weaknesses reported by management in Item 15 of the Company’s Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on May 15, 2023.
During the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and through the subsequent interim period to December 20, 2023, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted Enrome with respect to either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to the Company by Enrome that was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement with Marcum Asia (as that term is used in Item 16F (a)(1)(iv) of Form 20-F and the related instructions to Item 16F) or a reportable event (as described in Item 16F (a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F).
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ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq, we are subject to the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. Currently, we follow our home country practice in lieu of the provisions under Rule 5620(a), Rule 5635(a), Rule 5635(c) and Rule 5635(d) of the NASDAQ Stock Market Marketplace Rules (the “Rules”). Rule 5620(a) requires that the Company to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal year-end; Rule 5635(a) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for the issuance of securities in connection with the acquisition of the stock or assets of another company; Rule 5635(c) of the Rules requires shareholder approval prior to the issuance of securities when a stock option or purchase plan is to be established or materially amended or other equity compensation arrangement made or materially amended, pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employees; and Rule 5635(d) of the Rules requires shareholder approval prior to an issuance of securities, other than in a public offering, equal to 20% or more of the voting power outstanding at a price less than the lower of: (i) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement; or (ii) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price of the common stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five trading days immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require the Company to follow or comply with the requirements of Rule 5620(a), Rule 5635(a), Rule 5635(c) and Rule 5635(d). If we choose to follow additional home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy under the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors— Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares—Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you may have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer.”
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
Item 16J. Insider Trading Policies
The Company has
Item 16K. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is critical to our e-commerce platform
and many of our operating activities, which are subject to security threats and increasingly sophisticated cyber-attacks. As a result,
we have policies and processes in place to assess, identify, and manage the strategic and operational IT-related risks as an integrated
part of our overall risk management system. These risks include the risk of cyber-attacks on IT infrastructure and intellectual property,
as well as on cybersecurity for our online platform. The Company has adopted Incident Response Plan Policy to managing material risks
from cybersecurity threats and established a Cybersecurity Committee (“Committee”) led by our Chairman and CEO to manage the
cybersecurity risks. The Committee consists of six persons, including two operation & maintenance engineers, two software engineers,
our chief information officer and our chief executive officer. When the Company uses a
The Company has adopted Incident Response Plan Policy, including Roles and Responsibilities, Incident Categories, Categories of Event, Incident Severity, Escalation Levels, and Incident Response Life Cycle, so that the weakness, events, alerts and incidents can be appropriately managed, escalated and reported from operation/maintenance engineers and software engineers, CIO, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.
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PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated financial statements and related notes required by this item are contained on pages F-1 through F-32.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
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117
| * | Filed as an exhibit hereto. |
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| Jowell Global Ltd. | ||
| /s/ Haiting Li | ||
| Name: | Haiting Li | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| Date: May 9, 2025 | ||
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JOWELL GLOBAL LTD.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED F INANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and shareholders of
Jowell Global Ltd.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Jowell Global Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements, during the financial year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $8,002,644, and as of December 31, 2024, its accumulated deficit was $34,003,726. These events or conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
F-2
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Emphasis of Matters
Restatement adjustments for changes in share consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2022 were audited by other auditor. As described in Note 12, the Company adjusted all shares and per share data periods presented for the shares consolidation. We audited the adjustments that were applied to restate the disclosure for share consolidation reflected in the December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements to retrospectively apply the effects of the share consolidation that occurred subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2022. However, we were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements of the Company other than with respect to such adjustments and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.
/s/
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
May 9, 2025
F-3
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and shareholders of
Jowell Global Ltd.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited, before the effects of the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in accounting related to the Share Consolidation as described in Note 12, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Jowell Global Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of its operations and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We were not engaged to audit, review or apply any procedures to the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in accounting related to the Share Consolidation as described in Note 12, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about whether such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments were audited by other auditors.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2019 to 2023. (such date takes into account the acquisition of certain assets of Friedman LLP by Marcum Asia CPAs LLP effective September 1, 2022).
New York, New York
May 15, 2023
F-4
JOWELL GLOBAL LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable - related parties | ||||||||
| Advance to suppliers | ||||||||
| Advance to suppliers - related parties | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Long-term investment | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Other non-current asset | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Short-term bank loan | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Accounts payable - related parties | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities - related parties | ||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | ||||||||
| Taxes payable | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Statutory reserves | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Jowell Global Ltd. Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
JOWELL GLOBAL LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Net Revenues | ||||||||||||
| Revenues – third-party | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Revenues – related party | ||||||||||||
| Total Net Revenues | ||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Fulfillment expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Marketing expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss From Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other Income (Expenses), net | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Investment loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||||||
| Other Income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income Taxes Expense (Benefit) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net Loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: net income(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders of Jowell Global Ltd. | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Loss Per share – Basic and Diluted* | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Weighted Average Shares Outstanding – Basic and diluted* | ||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Other Comprehensive loss, net of tax | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders of Jowell Global Ltd. | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
JOWELL GLOBAL LTD
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024, 2023 AND 2022
| Common Stock | Preferred Stock | Additional Paid-in | Statutory | Retained Earnings (Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Total Jowell Global Ltd. Stockholders’ | Noncontrolling | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares* | Amount | Shares* | Amount | Capital | Reserves | deficit) | Income (loss) | Equity | interest | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Ordinary Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributed by minority shareholder | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Ordinary Shares | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributed by minority shareholder | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributed by minority shareholder | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
JOWELL GLOBAL LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||
| Loss from long-term investment | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ||||||||||||
| Reversal of credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Loss form termination of right-of use assets | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | ||||||||||||
| Inventory provision(reversal) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment written off | ||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivables | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable - related Parties | ||||||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Advance to suppliers | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Advance to suppliers - related parties | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accounts payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Accounts payables - related parties | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Contract liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Taxes payable | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Long-term investment in a noncontrolling entity | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of Ordinary Shares | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term loans | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of short-term loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from related party loans | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year | ||||||||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, end of year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash and restricted cash to the consolidated balance sheets | ||||||||||||
| Cash | ||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||||||
| Total cash and restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure information: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income tax | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental non-cash activities: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid in prior year for purchase of fixed assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash paid in prior year for purchase of intangible assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Organization and nature of business
Jowell Global Ltd. (“Jowell Global” or the “Company”) is a limited liability company established under the laws of the Cayman Islands on August 16, 2019 as a holding company. The Company, through the consolidated Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”), sells and distributes health and nutritional supplements, cosmetic products and certain household products sourced from manufacturers and distributors on its e-commerce platform and mobile applications, and offers an online marketplace that also enables third-party sellers to sell their products to the Company’s online consumers.
A reorganization of the Company’s legal structure (“Reorganization”) was completed on November 1, 2019. The Reorganization involved the incorporation of Jowell Global, a Cayman Islands holding company, the incorporation of Jowell Technology Limited (“Jowell Tech”), a Hong Kong holding company; the incorporation of Shanghai Jowell Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Jowell”), a wholly foreign-owned entity (“WFOE”) of Jowell Tech under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”).
On October 31, 2019 and November 1, 2019, Shanghai
Jowell entered into a series of VIE Agreements with the shareholders of Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai
Juhao”) and its shareholders, as amended on October 10, 2020. These agreements include: 1) an Exclusive Business Cooperation and
Management Agreement; 2) an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, 3) an Exclusive Option Agreement; 4) Powers of Attorney and 5) Spousal Consent
Letters. Pursuant to these agreements, Shanghai Jowell has the exclusive rights to provide consulting services to Shanghai Juhao related
to the business operation and management of Shanghai Juhao. For such services, Shanghai Juhao agrees to pay service fees equal to all
of its net profit after tax payments to Shanghai Jowell. At the same time Shanghai Jowell has obligation to absorb all of the Shanghai
Juhao’s losses. Such contractual arrangements are designed so that the operations of Shanghai Juhao are solely for the benefit of
Shanghai Jowell and ultimately, the Company. The agreements remain in effect until and unless all parties agree to its termination, except
the Exclusive Option Agreement that the effective term of
Since Jowell Global and its subsidiaries are effectively controlled by the same controlling shareholders before and after the Reorganization, they are considered under common control. The above-mentioned transactions were accounted for as a recapitalization. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Upon the reorganization, the Company has subsidiaries in countries and jurisdictions including PRC, Hong Kong and Cayman Islands. Details of the subsidiaries of the Company are set out below:
| Name of Entity | Date of Incorporation | Place of Incorporation | % of Ownership | Principal Activities | |||||||
Shanghai Juhao has five wholly owned Juhao Best Choice Stores, located in the cities of Suzhou and Changshu, and nineteen wholly owned subsidiaries engaging online promotion of Shanghai Juhao’s products and services located in the cities of Changshu, Nantong, Shanghai and Guangzhou.
F-9
Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and have been consistently applied. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances between the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE are eliminated upon consolidation.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity and its subsidiaries
A VIE is an entity that either has a total equity investment that is insufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or whose equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as through voting rights, right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity. The variable interest holder, if any, that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of, and must consolidate, the VIE.
Shanghai Jowell is deemed to have a controlling financial interest through a series of contracture agreements and be the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Juhao because it has both of the following characteristics:
| (1) | The power to direct activities at Shanghai Juhao that most significantly impact such entity’s economic performance, and | |
| (2) | The obligation to absorb losses of, and the right to receive benefits from, Shanghai Juhao that could potentially be significant to such entity. |
Pursuant to the contractual arrangements with Shanghai Juhao, Shanghai Juhao shall pay service fees equal to all of its net profit after tax payments to Shanghai Jowell. Such contractual arrangements are designed so that the Shanghai Juhao would operate for the benefit of Shanghai Jowell and ultimately, the Company.
Accordingly, the accounts of the Shanghai Juhao are consolidated into the Company’s financial statements pursuant to ASC 810-10, “Consolidation”. In addition, their financial positions and results of operations are included in the Company’s financial statements. The carrying amount of this VIE’s assets and liabilities before elimination of intercompany balances and transactions between the parent company, non-VIE subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries are as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total non-current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total non-current liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
F-10
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
Risks associated with the VIE structure
A significant part of the Company’s business is conducted through the VIEs, of which the Company is the ultimate primary beneficiary. The Company has been advised by its PRC legal counsel, that its contractual arrangements with its consolidated VIEs as described in the Company’s annual report are valid, binding and enforceable under the current laws and regulations of China. However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including those that govern the contractual arrangements, which could limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and if the nominee shareholders of the VIEs were to reduce their interests in the Company, their interest may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual arrangements.
The enforceability, and therefore the benefits, of the contractual agreements between the Company and the VIEs depend on these individuals enforcing the contracts. There is a risk that the benefits of ownership between the Company and the VIEs may not be aligned in the future. Given the significance and importance of the VIEs, there would be a significant negative impact to the Company if these contracts were not enforced.
The Company’s operations depend on the VIEs to honour their contractual agreements with the Company and the enforceability, and therefore the benefits depend on the authorization by the shareholders of the VIEs to exercise voting rights on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. The Company believes that the agreements on authorization to exercise shareholder’s voting power are legally enforceable and the possibility that it will no longer be able to be the ultimate primary beneficiary and consolidate the VIE as a result of the aforementioned risks and uncertainties is remote.
The Company’s ability to be the ultimate primary beneficiary of the VIEs also depends on the Power of Attorney the shareholders have to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, the Company believes these Power of Attorney are legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.
In addition, if the Company’s corporate structure or the contractual arrangements with the VIEs were found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws and regulations, the PRC regulatory authorities could, within their respective jurisdictions:
| ● | revoke the business licenses and/or operating licenses of the Company; |
| ● | confiscate any of the Company’s income that they deem to be obtained through illegal operations; |
| ● | discontinue or place restrictions or onerous conditions on the Company’s operations; |
| ● | place restrictions on the Company’s right to collect revenues; |
| ● | shut down the Company’s servers or block the Company’s apps/websites; |
| ● | require the Company to restructure the operations in such a way as to compel the Company to establish a new enterprise, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate the Company’s businesses, staff and assets; |
| ● | impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Company may not be able to comply; |
| ● | taking other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Company that could be harmful to the Company’s business; or |
| ● | impose fines on the Group. |
The Company’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out of any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, the Company may not be able to consolidate the VIE in the consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert control over the VIE and its shareholders and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIE. The Company, however, does not believe such actions would result in the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, its PRC subsidiary and the VIE. The Company, Jowell Tech, and Shanghai Jowell are essentially holding companies and do not have active operations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company, its subsidiaries, and VIE do not have any plan to distribute dividend or settle amounts owed under the VIE Agreements in the foreseeable future. The cash transfer among the holding company, its subsidiaries and VIE is typically transferred through payment for intercompany services or intercompany borrowing between holding company, subsidiaries and VIE.
F-11
Use of estimates
In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting years. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but not limited to, allowance for credit losses and advance to suppliers, valuation of inventories, and impairment of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no cash equivalents.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash represents required cash deposit as a part of collateral for the bank loan (see Note 10). The Company earns interest at a variable rate per month on this deposit. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had restricted cash of and , respectively.
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses
The Company maintains an allowance for credit
losses and records the allowance for credit losses as an offset to accounts receivable. The estimated credit losses charged to the allowance
is classified as “General and administrative” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist, primarily
based on similar business line, service or product offerings and on an individual basis when the Company identifies specific customers
with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical
collectability based on past due status, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of the Company’s customers
based on ongoing credit evaluations, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions,
and other factors that may affect the Company’s ability to collect from customers. Accounts receivable is written off after all
collection efforts have ceased. Accounts receivable represents amounts invoiced and revenue recognized prior to invoicing when the Company
has satisfied its performance obligation and has the unconditional right to payment. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for
credit losses for accounts receivable was $
Inventories
Inventories consist of goods in transit and finished
goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is calculated using the weighted average basis.
Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving merchandise and
damaged goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Company
takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased, and has sole discretion in establishing prices for the goods to be sold.
Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Write down
(reversal) of $
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its present working condition and location for its intended use.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The estimated useful lives for significant property and equipment are as follows:
| Useful life | ||
| Electronic equipment | ||
| Office furniture | ||
| Leasehold improvement | ||
| Vehicles |
The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
F-12
Construction in progress
Construction in progress is comprised primarily of Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 the construction in progress assets were related to lease in improvement of manufacturing facilities for the Company. Interest expense on outstanding debt is capitalized during the period of significant capital asset construction. Capitalized interest on construction in progress is included in property and equipment and is amortized over the life of the related assets. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized and of interest expense.
Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets consist primarily of customized
software systems purchased from third-party vendors, used for accounting and business operation. Intangible assets are stated at cost
less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful economic life
of
Impairment of long-lived assets
Long-term investment
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes in accordance with ASC Topic 321, Investments – Equity Securities.
Equity method investments
For an investee company over which the Company
has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest, the Company accounted for those using the
equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Company has an ownership interest in the voting stock of
the investee between
Under the equity method, the Company’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the equity investment is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income; and the Company’s share of post-acquisition movements in equity is recognized in equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains on transactions between the Company and an entity in which it has recorded an equity investment are eliminated to the extent of the Company’s interest in the entity. To the extent of the Company’s interest in the investment, unrealized losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. When the Company’s share of losses in an entity in which it has recorded an equity investment equals or exceeds the Company’s interest in the entity, it does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the equity investee.
Fair value of financial instruments
ASC 820 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques, which is based on whether the inputs into the valuation technique are observable or unobservable. The hierarchy is as follows:
| ● | Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| ● | Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. |
| ● | Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable. |
Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments including cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, short-term loan, due to related parties, accounts payable, trade notes payable, contract liabilities, taxes payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their recorded values due to their short-term maturities.
F-13
Share-Based compensation
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” which share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Leases
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (as amended by ASU 2018-01, 2018-10, 2018-11, 2018-20, and 2019-01, collectively “ASC 842”). For all leases that were entered into prior to the effective date of ASC 842, the Company has elected to utilize the package of practical expedients at the time of adoption, which allows the Company to (1) not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) not reassess the lease classification of any expired or existing leases, and (3) not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also has elected to utilize the short-term lease recognition exemption and, for those leases that qualified, the Company did not recognize operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets or operating lease liabilities. The Company elected not to record assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet for new or existing lease arrangements with terms of 12 months or less.
Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date, adjusted by the deferred rent liabilities at the adoption date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. See Note 14 for further discussion.
The Company, through its subsidiary, leases its offices, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Operating leases are required to record in the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients, which allows the Company not to reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company elected the short-term lease exemption for the lease terms that are 12 months or less.
At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange of a consideration. To assess whether a contract is or contains a lease, the Company assesses whether the contract involves the use of an identified asset, whether it has the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset and whether it has the right to control the use of the asset. The right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. The Company recognizes operating lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term and had no finance leases for any of the periods stated herein.
The right-of-use of asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and less any lease incentive received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment annually. There was no impairment for right-of-use lease assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Revenue recognition
The Company through its websites mainly www.1juhao.com and mobile applications, engages primarily in online sale of personal care products, nutritional supplements and general merchandise products sourced from manufacturers and distributors in China, and also offers an online marketplace that enables third-party sellers to sell their products to the Company’s consumers. Customers place their orders for products or services online primarily through the Company’s websites and mobile applications. Payment for the purchased products or services is generally made either before delivery or upon delivery.
Consistent with the criteria of ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenues when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised goods or services to a customer. Goods (represent “Cosmetic products Health and nutritional supplements and Household products”) are transferred when the customer obtains control of it, which generally occurs upon the delivery of the products to customers. Service (represent “others”) is recognized ratably over the contract period.
F-14
In accordance with ASC 606, the Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When the Company is a principal, that the Company obtains control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customers, the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the specified goods or services transferred. When the Company is an agent and its obligation is to facilitate third parties in fulfilling their performance obligation for specified goods or services, revenues should be recognized in the net amount for the amount of commission which the Company earns in exchange for arranging for the specified goods or services to be provided by other parties. Revenue is recorded net of value-added taxes.
The Company recognizes revenue net of discounts and return allowances when the products are delivered and title passes to customers. Significant judgement is required to estimate return allowances. For online direct sales business with return conditions, the Company reasonably estimate the possibility of return based on the historical experience, changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the amount of net revenues recognized. The Company generally grants customers 7 days of free return upon receiving goods according to PRC law regarding online purchased products. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no return allowances were recorded.
The Company primarily sells cosmetic products, nutritional supplements and household products through online direct sales. The Company recognizes product revenues from the online direct sales on a gross basis as the Company is a principal because it controls the promised good or service before transferring it to a customer. The Company recognizes revenue when the title passes to customers after the customer signs for receipt. This control is determined by the following indicators 1) The Company is the primary obligor in the sales transaction and responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the product and service. 2) The Company bears the inventory risk. The Company will first indemnify customers for product damages and then request reimbursements from suppliers if the suppliers are determined to be responsible for the damages. 3) The Company has discretion in establishing the prices and control over the entire transaction.
Other than revenue from online direct sales, the
Company also earns service fees charged to third-party sellers for participating in the Company’s online marketplace, where the
Company generally is acting as an agent and its performance obligation is to arrange for the provision of the specified goods or services
by those third-party sellers. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, revenue from service fees were $
Unearned revenue consists of payments received
or awards to customers related to unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the period, included in contract liabilities in the
Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had total contract liabilities of $
Revenue is recognized at a point in time when the goods are transferred to customers, and no remaining performance obligation in future periods. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. The Company has no material incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers that the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year which need to be recognized as assets.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of purchase price of products, inbound shipping charges and write-downs of inventory. Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in the inventories and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of the products to the customers.
Fulfillment expenses
Fulfillment expenses consist primarily of expenses
charged by third-party couriers for dispatching and delivering the Company’s products and rental expenses of leased warehouses.
Shipping cost included in fulfillment costs amounted to $
Marketing expenses
Marketing costs primarily consist of targeted online advertising, payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing and selling activities. We also participate in cooperative advertising arrangements with certain of our vendors, and other third parties.
Advertising costs, which consist primarily of
online advertising and outdoor advertising, are expensed as incurred, Advertising cost included in marketing expense amounted to $ $
F-15
Income taxes
The Company’s subsidiaries in China and Hong Kong are subject to the income tax laws of the PRC and Hong Kong. No taxable income was generated outside the PRC for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes”. ASC 740 requires an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes and allows recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain. The Company doesn’t believe that there were any uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
ASC 740-10-25 prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. It also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, years open for tax examination, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures. There were no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company will recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties will be included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2024, the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2024 for the Company’s PRC subsidiaries remain open for statutory examination by PRC tax authorities.
Value added tax (“VAT”)
Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of
goods, net of VAT. The applicable VAT rate was
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation adjustment from the Company not using the U.S. dollar as its functional currency.
Loss per share
The Company computes earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no potential common shares outstanding that could potentially dilute EPS in the future.
Statement of cash flows
In accordance with ASC 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations are formulated based upon the local currencies, and then translated at average translation rates for the periods. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets.
Concentrations
For the year ended December 31, 2024, one customer
accounted for approximately
For the year ended December 31, 2024, two major
suppliers, accounted for approximately
F-16
Risks and Uncertainties
The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, in addition to the general state of the PRC economy. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
The Company’s sales, purchases and expense transactions are denominated in RMB, and all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China, the central bank of China. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to effect the remittance.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $
The Company does not carry any business interruption insurance, product liability insurance or any other insurance policy except for a limited property insurance policy. As a result, the Company may incur uninsured losses, increasing the possibility that investors would lose their entire investment in the Company.
Beginning in late 2019, there was an outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus) which has spread quickly to many parts in China, the U.S. and globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. With an aim to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government has imposed various strictive measures across the country including, but not limited to, travel restrictions, mandatory quarantine requirements, and postponed resumption of business operations until after the Chinese New Year holiday in 2020. Starting from March 2020, businesses in China began to reopen, and the interruptions to businesses were gradually removed. However, due to the outbreak of Omicron variant in many cities in China, including Xi’an, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Suzhou, local governments imposed new restrictions and quarantine requirements with travel restrictions and temporary closure of office buildings and facilities, and the employees at our Shanghai office worked from home from March 30, 2022 to June 1, 2022. In early December 2022, Chinese government eased the strict control measure for COVID-19, which has led to surge in increased infections and caused disruption in our business operations in December 2022 and January 2023.
As an online retailer and retail platform, the Company’s operations in 2022 were not significantly negatively impacted by the pandemic. As the date of this report, the Chinese government has loosened its policy and there is no control measures due to COVID-19. However, the situation remains highly uncertain for any further outbreak or resurgence of the COVID-19 and new variants. It is therefore difficult for the Company to estimate the impact on our business or operating results that might be adversely affected by any further outbreak or resurgence of COVID-19 and new variants. We will continue to closely monitor the situation throughout 2025 and beyond.
Because of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak, the business disruption and the financial impact related to the outbreak of and response to the coronavirus cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
Foreign currency translation
The Company’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars (“USD”). The functional currency of the Company is the Chinese Yuan, Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the PRC. Any transactions which are denominated in currencies other than RMB are translated into RMB at the exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China prevailing at the dates of the transactions, and exchange gains and losses are included in the statements of operations as foreign currency transaction gain or loss. The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”. The financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the average translation rate. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets.
The exchange rates in effect as of December 31,
2024 and 2023 were RMB
F-17
Recent accounting pronouncements
In September 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The Board is issuing the amendments in this Update to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Investors currently rely on the rate reconciliation table and other disclosures, including total income taxes paid, to evaluate income tax risks and opportunities. While investors find these disclosures helpful, they suggested possible enhancements to better (1) understand an entity’s exposure to potential changes in jurisdictional tax legislation and the ensuing risks and opportunities, (2) assess income tax information that affects cash flow forecasts and capital allocation decisions, and (3) identify potential opportunities to increase future cash flows. The Board decided that the amendments should be effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.
In February 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, “Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements”.The Board decided that the types of issues that it will consider through this project are changes to clarify the Codification or correct unintended application of guidance that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or cost to most entities. An explanation of why each amendment in this Update is being made is provided in the “Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification” section. Thus, there is no separate section for the Board’s basis for conclusions in this Update. These issues to remove references to various Concepts Statements and their proposed amendments were included in Section A (“Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements”) of the 2019 proposed Accounting Standards Update, Codification Improvements. Sections B and C (“Amendments to Disclosure Sections of the Codification” and “Other Codification Improvements”) of that proposed Update were finalized in 2020.The issues in this Update are numbered as they were in the 2019 proposed Update. In some cases, the Board decided to revise the amendments in this Update from what was included in the 2019 proposed Update. Those changes were responsive to stakeholder feedback received on the 2019 proposed Update and, in many cases, resulted in more narrow changes than were proposed.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and similar Awards”. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15.2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15,2025, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim period, it should adopt them as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve financial reporting by requiring that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. For interim and annual reporting periods, an entity shall disaggregate, in a tabular format disclosure in the notes to financial statements, all relevant expense captions presented on the face of the income statement in continuing operations into the purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update should be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this Update or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Board are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
F-18
In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The Board issued Update 2024-03 on November 4, 2024. Update 2024-03 states that the amendments are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Following the issuance of Update 2024-03, the Board was asked to clarify the initial effective date for entities that do not have an annual reporting period that ends on December 31 (referred to as non-calendar year-end entities). Because of how the effective date guidance was written, a non-calendar year-end entity may have concluded that it would be required to initially adopt the disclosure requirements in Update 2024-03 in an interim reporting period, rather than in an annual reporting period. The Board’s intent in the basis for conclusions of Update 2024-03 is clear that all public business entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. However, the Board acknowledges that there was ambiguity between the intent in the basis for conclusions in Update 2024-03 and the transition guidance that was included in the Codification when Update 2024-03 was issued.
The Company has evaluated pronouncements recently issued but not yet adopted. The adoption of these pronouncements is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 3 – Liquidity
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported
a net loss of approximately $
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis in view of the Company will be able to:
(a) obtain continued financial support from its related party or its ability to obtain external financing; or
(b) further implement management’s business plan to extend its operations and generate sufficient revenues to meet its obligations.
In assessing its liquidity, management monitors and analyzes the Company’s cash on-hand, its ability to generate sufficient revenue sources and ability to obtain additional financial support in the future, and its operating and capital expenditure commitments.
Presently, the Company’s principal sources
of liquidity are proceeds from its public offering, private placement, registered direct offering and revenue. As of December 31, 2024,
the Company had cash of approximately $
For the Company’s operational strategy, in fiscal 2024, the Company continued focus on implementation of the Company’s business expansion plan in increase of its customer and distributor bases, products and brands promotions, and enhanced GMV quality. The management plans to take measures to reduce costs and gradually turn the company from the current loss into profit in next 1 to 2 years, such as reducing promotional expenses to increase gross profit, and reducing marketing expenses etc. In addition, in the future, (i) the Company’s Form F-3 registration was declared effective on August 31, 2022 (File No. 333-264109) and the Company may also seek equity financing from outside investors if necessary. (ii) expand new businesses and explore new channels, for instance, develop special channels for health care and wellness offline, develop online platforms such as red note and (iii) financial support from related parties.
Based on its current operating plan, management
believes that the above-mentioned measures, including cash and restricted cash on hand of approximately $
F-19
Note 4 – Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Trade accounts receivable from third-parties | $ | $ | ||||||
| Trade accounts receivable from related parties | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | ||||||
The movement of the allowance for credit losses was as follows:
December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Balance as of the beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additions charged to bad debt expense | ||||||||
| Reversals when collected | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Translation adjustments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Balance as of the end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 5 – Inventories, net
Inventory consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Goods in transit | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Less: allowance of obsolete inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Inventories, net | $ | $ | ||||||
The movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:
December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Balance as of the beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additions | ( | ) | ||||||
| Translation adjustments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Balance as of the end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 6 – Advance to suppliers, net
The Company makes periodic advances to its suppliers for product purchases in the normal course of business. Advances to suppliers consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Advances for products purchasing from third-parties | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advances for products purchasing from related parties | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Advance to suppliers, net | $ | $ | ||||||
F-20
The following table presents movement in the allowance for credit losses:
December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Balance as of the beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Reversals when collected | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Translation adjustments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Balance as of the end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 7 – Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Electronic equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Vehicles | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvement | ||||||||
| Office furniture | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Construction in progress | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation
expense was $
Note 8 – Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Amortization expense was $
The estimated amortization expenses for each of the five succeeding years is as follows:
| Year ending December 31, | Amortization expense | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total | $ | |||
F-21
Note 9 – Long-term investment
On July 27, 2021, Shanghai Juhao, a variable interest
entity of Jowell Global entered into a Capital Increase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Suzhou Industrial Park Hongrun Rural
Small Amount Loan Co., Ltd. (“Hongrun”) and its then existing shareholders. Pursuant to the Agreement, Shanghai Juhao contributed
RMB
Note 10 – Short-term Bank Loan
On March 21, 2022, Shanghai Juhao entered into
a loan agreement with Shanghai Bank to borrow RMB
On March 28, 2023, Shanghai Juhao entered into
a loan agreement with Shanghai Yangpu Kecheng Microfinance Co., Ltd. (“Kecheng”) to borrow RMB
Note 11 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Customer security deposits (a) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Payroll payable | ||||||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| a. |
Note 12 - Equity
Common Stock
Jowell Global is established under the laws of
the Cayman Islands on August 16, 2019 with
F-22
Initial Public Offering
On March 19, 2021, the Company closed its initial
public offering (“IPO”) of
Issuance of Ordinary Shares
On June 13, 2022, the Company entered into securities
purchase agreements with six investors (“Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors in private
placements of
On October 11, 2022, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with five purchasers, who are the product distributors and business partners of the Company in China.
Pursuant to the agreement, the Company sold to them in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of
Underwriters Warrants
In connection with the March 19, 2021 offering,
the Company agreed to grant to the Underwriters Warrants (“UW Warrants”) covering a number of Ordinary Shares equal to
Preferred Stock
The Company initially had
Stock issuance to management and an external party
On April 21, 2021, the Company granted
On September 21, 2021, the Company filed Form
S-8 with SEC to register
F-23
On April 11, 2022, the Company granted
On June 30, 2022, the Company authorized the grant
of Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”) of
In aggregate, share-based compensation expense
amounted to , $
Share Consolidation
On October 25, 2023, the shareholders of the Company
held an extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) and approved by an ordinary resolution of a share consolidation (the
“Share Consolidation”) that (i) every sixteen (16) issued and unissued ordinary shares of the Company, par value $
Statutory reserve
The Company is required to make appropriations
to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory
surplus reserve are required to be at least
Restricted net assets
The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the VIE only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations.
As aforementioned in Note 12, Statutory Reserve, under PRC law, the Company’s subsidiary and VIE located in the PRC (collectively referred as the “PRC entities”) are required to provide for certain statutory reserves. Appropriations to certain statutory reserves are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. However, these reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to the Company in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. Therefore, these statutory reserves, along with the registered capital of the PRC entities are considered as restricted.
The restricted net assets that include paid in
capital and statutory reserve funds amounted to $
Note 13 – Related party transactions
The relationship and the nature of related party transactions are summarized as follow:
| Name of Related Party | Relationship to the Company | Nature of Transactions | ||
F-24
Due to related parties:
The balance in due to related parties account
amounted to $
Related party lease:
As of December 31, 2024,
Related party purchases:
The Company periodically purchases merchandise
from Longrich Group and its subsidiaries during the ordinary course of business. The purchases made from Longrich Group were $
Related party sales:
The Company made sales to related parties controlled
by a major shareholder of the Company, in the amount of $
Note 14 - Leases
Leases from related parties
In April 2021, the Company entered into a one-year
operating lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent a space with
In April, 2021, the Company entered into a one-year
operating lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent a space with
In August, 2021,
the Company signed a three-year operating lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent an office space with
F-25
The Company also entered into following lease agreements with its related parties controlled by a major shareholder of the Company, to lease warehouse and office spaces. The Company intend to continue these leases for the next two years.
On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a
one-year lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent an office space of
On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a
one-year operating lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent a warehouse space with
On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a
one-year operating lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent another office space with
On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a
one-year operating lease agreement with a subsidiary of Longrich Group to rent another office space with 404 square meters in Changshu
City, Jiangsu Province. On December 31, 2020, the Company renewed this lease agreement for another one-year term, respectively and the
leased space is increased to
Leases from third parties
In March 2021, the Company signed a ten-year operating
lease agreement with an individual to lease an office space with
On
June 15, 2021, the Company signed a three-year operating lease agreement with a third-party to lease an office space with
On
May 28, 2021, the Company signed a two-years operating lease agreement with a third-party to lease
F-26
On
November 20, 2021, the Company signed a two-years operating lease agreement with a third-party to lease
On December 20, 2021, the Company signed a two-years
operating lease agreement with a third-party to lease
In
March 2022, the Company signed a two-years operating lease agreement with a third-party to lease
In
April 2022, the Company signed a two-years operating lease agreement with a third-party to lease
Balance sheet information related to the operating lease is as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Operating lease assets: | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset – related party | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset – third-party | ||||||||
| Total operating lease assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease obligations: | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – related party | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – third-party | ||||||||
| Total operating lease obligations | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | $ | |||||||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total operating lease obligations | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table presents operating lease cost reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss related to the Company’s leases:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | $ | ||||||
| Short-term lease cost | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of leases are as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | ||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | % | % | ||||||
F-27
The following table summarizes the maturity of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024:
| 12 months ending December 31, | ||||
| 2025 | $ | |||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total lease payments | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( |
) | ||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | |||
Note 15 – Taxes
Corporation Income Tax (“CIT”)
The Company is subject to income taxes on an entity basis on income derived from the location in which each entity is domiciled.
Jowell Global is incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an offshore holding company and is not subject to tax on income or capital gain under the laws of the Cayman Islands.
Jowell Tech is incorporated in Hong Kong as a
holding company with no activities.
Under the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”)
Law of PRC, domestic enterprises and Foreign Investment Enterprises (the “FIE”) are usually subject to a unified
The income taxes expense (benefit) consists of the following:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Current income tax expense (benefit) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
| Deferred income taxes expense (benefit) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
Loss before provision for income taxes is attributable to the following geographic locations:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| PRC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Cayman and Hong Kong | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
The following table reconciles the statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| China Statutory income tax rate | % | % | % | |||||||||
| Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions | ( | )% | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||||
| Change of valuation allowance | ( | )% | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||||
| Non-deductible expenses-permanent difference | ( | )% | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||||
| Effective tax rate | ( | )% | ( | )% | % | |||||||
F-28
Components of deferred tax assets was as follows:
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | $ | $ | ||||||
| Inventory reserve | ||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance on net operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
On December 31, 2024, the Company has provided
full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for net operating loss that the Company estimated unrealizable in the foreseeable future
due to expected future operating loss in certain entities. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the valuation allowance was $
Taxes Payable
The Company’s taxes payable consists of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| VAT tax payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Income tax payable | ||||||||
| Other taxes payable | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 16 – Segment reporting
ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, establishes
standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure
as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements for details on the Company’s
business segments. The Company uses the “management approach” in determining reportable operating segments. The management
approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, i.e., the Chief
Executive Officer, for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable
segments. Management, including the chief operating decision maker, reviews operation results by the revenue of different products or
services. Based on management’s assessment, the Company has determined that it has only
The significant segment expenses are consistent with those reported on the consolidated financial statements of operations and comprehensive loss and include cost of revenues, fulfillment expenses, marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. For significant segment expenses incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, refer to Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The following table presents revenue by major merchandise categories for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cosmetic products (a) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Health and nutritional supplements (b) | ||||||||||||
| Household products (c) | ||||||||||||
| Others | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| (a) |
| (b) |
| (c) |
All of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in PRC. Majority of the Company’s merchandises are sold in PRC.
F-29
Note 17 – Commitments
Non-cancellable operating leases within
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2024:
| Total | 2025 | 2026 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease commitments under lease agreements | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 18 – Subsequent events
The Company has evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date of December 31, 2024 through May 9, 2025, the issuance of the consolidated financial statement and did not identify any other subsequent events with material financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 19 – Condensed financial information of the parent company
Pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a),
5-04(c) and 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X, the condensed financial information of the parent company shall be filed when the restricted
net assets of consolidated subsidiaries exceed
For purposes of the above test, restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiaries shall mean that amount of the Company’s proportionate share of net assets of consolidated subsidiaries (after intercompany eliminations) which as of the end of the most recent fiscal year may not be transferred to the parent company by subsidiaries in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends without the consent of a third-party.
The condensed financial information of the parent company has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Company’s consolidated financial statement except that the parent company used the equity method to account for investments in its subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries. The parent company and its subsidiaries, and VIE were included in the consolidated financial statements where inter-company balances and transactions were eliminated upon consolidation. For purpose of the parent company’s stand-alone financial statements, its investments in subsidiaries and VIE were reported using the equity method of accounting. The parent company’s share of income from its subsidiaries and VIE were reported as share of income of subsidiaries and VIE subsidiary in the accompanying parent company financial statements.
The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company and, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S GAAP have been condensed or omitted.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no material contingencies, significant provisions for long-term obligations, or guarantees of the Company, except for those separately disclosed in the consolidated financial statements, if any.
F-30
JOWELL GLOBAL LTD.
PARENT COMPANY BALANCE SHEETS
Note 19 – Condensed financial information of the parent company (Continued)
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Due from VIE | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Investment in subsidiaries and VIE | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Due to VIE | $ | |||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Other payable | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | $ | |||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Statutory reserve | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
F-31
JOWELL GLOBAL LTD.
PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Note 19 – Condensed financial information of the parent company (Continued)
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| OTHER INCOME | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| EQUITY IN LOSS OF SUBSIDIARIES AND VIE | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET LOSS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION ADJUSTMENT | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Equity in losses of subsidiaries and VIE | ||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||||||
| Other payable | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Due from subsidiaries and VIE | ||||||||||||
| Investment in subsidiaries and VIE | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of Ordinary Shares | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from related party loans | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||||||
| CHANGES IN CASH | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| CASH, beginning of year | ||||||||||||
| CASH, end of year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-32
Exhibit 2.2
Description of Rights of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
The Ordinary Shares of Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”) are currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares and our affairs are governed by our current memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the “Companies Act” below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.
Our authorized share capital consists of: (i) 450,000,000 Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0016 per share and (ii) 50,000,000 Preferred Shares, par value $0.0016 per share. As of May 9, 2025, 2,170,475 Ordinary Shares and 46,875 Preferred Shares are issued and outstanding.
Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at P. O. Box 31119, Grand Pavilion, Hibiscus Way, 802 West Bay Road, Grand Cayman, KY1 - 1205, Cayman Islands.
According to clause 3 of our current amended and restated memorandum of association, the objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Companies Act or any other law of the Cayman Islands.
Ordinary Shares
Dividends. Subject to any rights and restrictions of any other class or series of shares, our Board may, from time to time, declare dividends on the shares issued and authorize payment of the dividends out of our lawfully available funds. No dividends shall be declared by the board out of our company except the following:
| ● | profits; or |
| ● | “share premium account,” which represents the excess of the price paid to our company on issue of its shares over the par or “nominal” value of those shares, which is similar to the U.S. concept of additional paid in capital. |
However, no dividend shall bear interest against the Company.
Voting Rights. Each Ordinary Share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to vote at general and special meetings of our company and each preferred share shall be entitled to two (2) votes on all matters subject to vote at general and special meetings of our company. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or any one or more shareholders who together hold not less than 10% of the votes attaching to the shares present in person or by proxy. An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as making changes to our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
There are no limitations on non-residents or foreign shareholders in the memorandum and articles to hold or exercise voting rights on the Ordinary Shares imposed by foreign law or by the charter or other constituent document of our company. However, no person will be entitled to vote at any general meeting or at any separate meeting of the holders of the Ordinary Shares unless the person is registered as of the record date for such meeting and unless all calls or other sums presently payable by the person in respect of Ordinary Shares in the Company have been paid.
Winding Up; Liquidation. Upon the winding up of our company, after the full amount that holders of any issued shares ranking senior to the Ordinary Shares as to distribution on liquidation or winding up are entitled to receive has been paid or set aside for payment, the holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive any remaining assets of the Company available for distribution as determined by the liquidator. The assets received by the holders of our Ordinary Shares in a liquidation may consist in whole or in part of property, which is not required to be of the same kind for all shareholders.
Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. Any Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption of Ordinary Shares. We may issue shares that are, or at its option or at the option of the holders are, subject to redemption on such terms and in such manner as it may, before the issue of the shares, determine. Under the Companies Act, shares of a Cayman Islands exempted company may be redeemed or repurchased out of profits of the company, out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for that purpose or out of capital, provided the memorandum and articles authorize this and it has the ability to pay its debts as they come due in the ordinary course of business.
No Preemptive Rights. Holders of Ordinary Shares will have no preemptive or preferential right to purchase any securities of our company.
Variation of Rights Attaching to Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, be materially adversely varied with the written consent of the holders of all of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of an ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our current memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions contained in our current articles of association, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors.
Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:
| ● | the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; |
| ● | in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and |
| ● | a fee of such maximum sum as the Nasdaq Capital Market may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof. |
2
If our directors refuse to register a transfer, they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may, on ten calendar days’ notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers, by electronic means or by any other means in accordance with the Nasdaq Rules, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may, in their absolute discretion, from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 calendar days in any calendar year..
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association, the register of mortgages and charges, and copies of any special resolutions passed by our shareholders). However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.
General Meeting of Shareholders. Shareholders’ meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors or our chairman. Advance notice of at least seven (7) calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for and throughout a meeting of shareholders consists of at least one shareholder entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a shareholder being a corporation) by its duly authorized representative representing not less than one-third of all voting power of our share capital in issue.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| ● | may issue shares with no par value; |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).
Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act is modeled after that of English law but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.
3
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. A merger of two or more constituent companies under Cayman Islands law requires a plan of merger or consolidation to be approved by the directors of each constituent company and authorization by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association.
A merger between a Cayman Islands parent company and its Cayman Islands subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman Islands subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman Islands subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a subsidiary is a company of which at least ninety percent (90%) of the issued shares entitled to vote are owned by the parent company.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain circumstances, a dissentient shareholder of a Cayman constituent company is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares upon dissenting to a merger or consolidation. The exercise of appraisal rights will preclude the exercise of any other rights save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; |
| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of certain Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares where the vote of shareholders is required to approve the transaction.
4
Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, there are exceptions to the foregoing principle, including when:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires; |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our current memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is similar to but little more lax than that permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation, which permits indemnification if the person to be indemnified acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Delaware corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such person to be indemnified had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our current memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction and base such director’s decision on such information. In doing so, a Delaware director is entitled to rely in good faith on corporation’s records and on information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the board by the company’s officers, employees or board committees, or by other parties as to matters the director reasonably believes are within such other parties’ professional or expert competence and who have been selected for the company with reasonable care. Further, Delaware corporations may include in their certificates of incorporation an exculpation provision for the benefit of its directors. At its maximum strength, such an exculpatory provision eliminates the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of the duty of care (but not, among other things, breaches of the duty of loyalty). The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts independently and in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation (the “Business Judgement Rule”). However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. To rebut the presumption, a party attempting to so rebut has the burden of presenting evidence that directors were at least grossly negligent in not becoming adequately informed or were motivated by interests other than those of the company’s stockholders as a whole (or acted in bad faith by consciously disregarding a known duty). Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he or she owes the following duties to the company—a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him or her to do so) and a duty not to put himself or herself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.
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Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our current articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, the by-laws may afford shareholders the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
Cayman Islands law does not provide shareholders any right to put proposals before a meeting or requisition a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in articles of association. Our current articles of association allow our shareholders holding not less than one-third of all voting power of our share capital in issue to requisition a shareholder’s meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our current articles of association do not provide our shareholders other right to put proposal before a meeting. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our current articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any fewer protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our current articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
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Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act and our current articles of association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class. Under Cayman Islands law and our current articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the sanction of an ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class or the written consent the holders of all of the issued shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for a greater required number of shares for approval. As permitted by Cayman Islands law, our current memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our current memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Listing
Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “JWEL.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is VStock Transfer LLC. The transfer agent and registrar’s address is 18 Lafayette Pl, Woodmere, NY 11598.
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Exhibit 4.37
Property Lease Agreement
Lessor (Party A): Shanghai Longrich Industry Co., Ltd.
Lessee (Party B): Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd
On the basis of voluntariness and equality, Party A and Party B have reached the following agreement on property leasing through consultation:
| 1. | Location, area, structure, decoration and facilities of the property: Located at 2nd Floor, 285 Jiangpu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, covering an area of 700 square meters. |
| 2. | Lease purpose: For Party B’s daily office, etc. |
| 3. | Lease term: From January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025 |
| 4. | Rent and payment method: The rent is RMB793,800 per year, payable monthly with RMB66,150 (with tax price RMB793,800 with 5% tax, without tax price RMB756,000, tax RMB37,800). |
| 5. | Office maintenance responsibility: Party B shall not change the structure during the lease. |
| 6. | Agreement on sublease: During the lease term, if Party A transfers the ownership of the leased space to a third party, it is not necessary to seek the consent of the lessee, but it shall inform the lessee of the transfer of ownership. If Party B transfers the leased spaces to a third party due to work needs, it must obtain the consent of the lessor in advance. |
| 7. | Modification and termination of contract: |
If one party fails to perform the contract for more than 10 days, the other party without fault has the right to terminate the contract unilaterally.
| 8. | Rights and obligations of Party A and Party B: |
| 8.1 |
Rights and obligations of Party A:
Party A shall ensure the completion of the infrastructure and shall not sublet the house without the permission of Party B. |
| 8.2 | Rights and obligations of Party B: |
| i. | Party B shall pay the rent on time and have the obligation to maintain and repair the space during the lease period. |
| ii. | During the lease period of the space, all expenses incurred by Party B due to business operation shall be borne by Party B itself. |
| 9. | This Agreement shall come into force from the date of signing. In case of any dispute, both parties shall settle it through negotiation. If the negotiation fails, the dispute shall be submitted to Changshu people’s court for judgment. |
| 10. | This agreement is made in three copies. |
| Party A： | Party B： | |||
| Legal Person: | Legal Person： | |||
| Signed at： | Changshu, Jiangsu | Signing date: | 12/31/2024 |
Exhibit 4.38
Property Lease Agreement
Lessor (Party A): Colori Inc.
Lessee (Party B): Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd
On the basis of voluntariness and equality, Party A and Party B have reached the following agreement on property leasing through consultation:
| 1. | Location, area, structure, decoration and facilities of the property: Located in Longliqi Industrial Park, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, covering an area of 3,621.30 square meters. The address is: No. 46-5 Xinzhuang Avenue, Xinzhuang County, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. |
| 2. | Lease purpose: For Party B’s warehouse use. |
| 3. | Lease term: From January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025 |
| 4. | Rent and payment method: The rent is RMB 965,680 per year without tax and tax is RMB48,284, the total rent is RNB1,013,964 per year including tax, payable quarterly at RMB253,491. |
| 5. | House maintenance responsibility: Party B shall not change the warehouse structure during storage. |
| 6. | Agreement on sublease: During the lease term, if Party A transfers the ownership of the leased space to a third party, it is not necessary to seek the consent of the lessee, but it shall inform the lessee of the transfer of ownership. If Party B transfers the leased space to a third party due to work needs, it must obtain the consent of the lessor in advance. |
| 7. | Modification and termination of contract: |
If one party fails to perform the contract for more than 10 days, the other party without fault has the right to terminate the contract unilaterally.
| 8. | Rights and obligations of Party A and Party B: |
| 8.1 |
Rights and obligations of Party A:
Party A shall ensure the completion of the infrastructure and shall not sublet the space without the permission of Party B. |
| 8.2 | Rights and obligations of Party B: |
| i. | Party B shall pay the rent on time and have the obligation to maintain and repair the warehouse during the lease period. |
| ii. | During the lease period of the space, all expenses incurred by Party B due to business operation shall be borne by Party B itself. |
| 9. | This Agreement shall come into force from the date of signing. In case of any dispute, both parties shall settle it through negotiation. If the negotiation fails, the dispute shall be submitted to Changshu people’s court for judgment. |
| 10. | This agreement is made in three copies. |
| Party A： | Party B： | |||
| Legal Person： | Legal Person： | |||
| Signed at： | Changshu, Jiangsu | Signing date: | 12/31/2024 | |
Exhibit 4.39
Property Lease Agreement
Lessor (Party A): Jiangsu Longrich Bioscience Co., Ltd.
Lessee (Party B): Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd.
On the basis of voluntariness and equality, Party A and Party B have reached the following agreement on property leasing through consultation:
| 1. | Location, area, structure, decoration and facilities of the property: No. 26 Longrich Blvd., Longrich Industrial Park, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, covering an area of 5976.18 square meters. |
| 2. | Lease purpose: For Party B’s daily office, etc. |
| 3. | Lease term: From January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025 |
| 4. | Rent and payment method: The rent is RMB 2,740,915 per year, payable monthly with RMB 228,409.59. |
| 5. | House maintenance responsibility: Party B shall not change the structure during lease. |
| 6. | Agreement on sublease: During the lease term, if Party A transfers the ownership of the leased space to a third party, it is not necessary to seek the consent of the lessee, but it shall inform the lessee of the transfer of ownership. If Party B transfers the leased space to a third party due to work needs, it must obtain the consent of the lessor in advance. |
| 7. | Modification and termination of contract： |
If one party fails to perform the contract for more than 10 days, the other party without fault has the right to terminate the contract unilaterally.
| 8. | Rights and obligations of Party A and Party B： |
| 8.1 |
Rights and obligations of Party A:
Party A shall ensure the completion of the infrastructure and shall not sublet the space without the permission of Party B. |
| 8.2 | Rights and obligations of Party B: |
| i. | Party B shall pay the rent on time and have the obligation to maintain and repair the space during the lease period. |
| ii. | During the lease period of the space, all expenses incurred by Party B due to business operation shall be borne by Party B itself. |
| 9. | This Agreement shall come into force from the date of signing. In case of any dispute, both parties shall settle it through negotiation. If the negotiation fails, the dispute shall be submitted to Changshu people’s court for judgment. |
| 10. | This agreement is made in duplicate, one for each party. |
| 11. | This agreement has three copies. |
| Party A： | Party B： | |||
| Legal Person： | Legal Person： | |||
| Signed at： | Changshu, Jiangsu | Signing date: | 12/31/2024 | |
Exhibit 4.40
Contract No.
Lease Contract
Lessor (Party A): Colori Inc.
Lessee (Party B): Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd
Property Lease Contract
Lessor (Party A): Colori Inc.
Lessee (Party B): Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd
In accordance with the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and the relevant laws and regulations, both parties on the basis of equality and voluntariness, we agree on matters related to the lease of the property as follows:
Article 1 Basic information of the property
| (1) | Party A has a property in Xinzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province on Provincial Road 227, with an area of about 2,851 square meters. The above area is based on the drawing of the property. |
| (2) | The ownership status of the property: Party A holds the (☐ property ownership certificate/☐ state-owned land use right certificate) Party A confirms that it has the complete right to dispose of the property and has the right to lease it out. |
Article 2 Housing lease
Lease Purpose: Use as a Store
Article 3 Lease term, rent and delivery method
| (1) | The lease period of the property is from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025, a total of twelve months. |
| (2) | Rent payment method: Pay first and use later, the rent is RMB 370,630 (including tax) per year, payable monthly, Invoice first and pay later. |
| (3) | Party A’s receipt information. |
Bank Account Number:
Account name:
Bank of deposit:
| (4) | Rent invoice: Taxes shall be borne by Party A. After Party B pays the rent to Party A, Party A shall assist Party B to go to the local tax authorities for the issuance of rent invoice. |
| (5) | Party A leaves all shelves and all equipment in the site for Party B’s use as is, Party B will not pay Party A any cost for using such shelves and equipment. |
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Article 4 Party A obligations and responsibilities
| 1. | Party A has the obligation to ensure that the property structure of the leased site is intact during the lease period, and should do a good job in the repair and maintenance of public property and public space, and bear the related costs. |
| 2. | If the site leased by Party B requires inspection in the future, Party A is obliged to provide Party B with graphic information about the property, facilities, equipment and acceptance certificates from relevant administrative departments. |
| 3. | During the lease period, Party A shall not sublet the property to others. |
| 4. | Party B shall bear the electricity, tax and other related costs incurred during the lease period, and Party B shall pay the actual costs incurred in a timely manner. |
| 5. | Party A shall strictly follow the lease price during the lease period, and shall not increase the price. If there is a need for price adjustment, both parties shall sign a supplementary agreement after consensus. |
| 6. | Party B will bear the responsibility of property security, fire management, public security management, cleaning and sanitation, property maintenance, etc. on the leased site. |
| 7. | If the leased site needs to go through fire inspection and acceptance procedures in the future, Party A is responsible for handling. |
Article 5 Party B obligations and responsibilities
| 1. | Party B is obliged to protect the normal use of Party A’s leased premises and Party A’s equipment and facilities, and shall not be intentionally damaged, and if there is damage, Party B shall replace or compensate. |
| 2. | Party B is responsible for the property management of the business premises and the maintenance of facilities and equipment on the leased site, repair, maintenance, and bear the related costs. |
| 3. | Party B shall operate legally in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, otherwise all economic losses and legal consequences shall be borne by Party B itself, and Party A shall not bear any responsibility. |
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| 3. | During the lease period, Party B shall not change the structure of the leased premises without Party A’s written consent, and shall not open walls or make holes to damage the leased premises. |
| 4. | Party B shall do a good job in the safety management of the leased site, and if Party B’s renovation or operation causes damage to the third party, all economic compensation and legal consequences shall be Party B’s responsibility, and Party A shall not bear any responsibility. |
| 5. | Party B shall be responsible for the claims and debts formed in the process of operation, and has nothing to do with Party A. |
Article 6 Cancellation of Contract
| 1. | The contract can be terminated by consensus between the two parties. |
| 2. | If this contract cannot be continued due to force majeure, this contract shall be terminated by itself. |
| 3. | Party B has one of the following circumstances, Party A has the right to unilaterally terminate the contract, repossession of housing. |
| (1) | Not paying rent for 30 days as agreed. |
| (2) | Non-payment of all fees for 30 days. |
| (3) | Change the use of the house without permission. |
| (4) | Unauthorized demolition, alteration or damage to the main structure of the property. |
| (5) | Improper storage or unreasonable use causes damage to appurtenances, equipment and facilities and refuses to compensate. |
| (6) | Unauthorized subletting of the property to a third party. |
| 4. | Other circumstances for contract termination by the law. |
Article 7 Liability for breach of contract
| 1. | After the expiration of the contract, Party B enjoys the priority lease right. If Party B wants to continue to lease, it should submit to Party A in writing three months before the expiration of the lease term. The renewal rent will be negotiated by both parties on the basis of fairness and reasonableness. |
| 2. | After the expiration of the lease or termination of the contract, Party A has the right to repossess the house, and Party B shall return the house and its appurtenances, equipment and facilities in the original condition. Party A and Party B shall inspect and accept the house and its appurtenances, equipment and facilities, as well as the use of water and electricity, and settle the costs that each party shall bear. |
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Article 8 Settlement of contract disputes
Disputes arising under this contract shall be settled by the parties through negotiation; if negotiation fails, the parties shall sue in the People’s Court with jurisdiction according to law.
Article 9 Other agreed matters
This contract shall come into effect after it is signed and sealed by both parties. This contract (and its annexes) shall be executed in duplicate, one by Party A and one by Party B. It shall come into effect after both parties have signed and sealed it.
After this contract enters into force, any changes or additions to the contents of this contract shall be in writing and shall be attached to this contract. The annexes shall have the same legal effect as this contract.
(No text below)
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Party A (Signature)
Agent：
Date of signing ：
Party B (Signature)
Agent：
Date of signing ：
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Exhibit 4.41
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of this 15th of December, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), by and between Jowell Global Ltd., a Cayman Islands company (the “Company”), and Lu Qian (the “Executive”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the parties desire to enter into this Agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of the employment relationship between the Executive and the Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
1.1 Agreement to Employ. The Company hereby agrees to employ Executive, and Executive hereby agrees to serve, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, as an officer and employee of the Company.
1.2 Duties and Schedule. Executive shall serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, and be the Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer of the Company and responsible for all financial matters and management of the Company. The Executive shall report directly to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors (the “Board”) and shall have such responsibilities as designated by the Chief Executive Officer or Board to the extent that such responsibilities are not inconsistent with all applicable laws, regulations and rules. Executive shall devote his best efforts and all of his business time to his position with the Company during the Term.
2. TERM OF EMPLOYMENT. Unless Executive’s employment shall sooner terminate pursuant to Section 4, the Company shall employ Executive for a one-year term commencing on the Effective Date (the “Term”), which Term shall be renewable upon mutual agreement of the Company and the Executive, as approved by the Board.
3. COMPENSATION.
3.1 Compensation. Executive’s salary during the Term shall be RMB 780,000 per year (the “Salary”), payable monthly.
3.2 Bonus. At the sole discretion of the Board, or any committee duly designated by the Board and authorized to act thereto, the Executive shall be eligible for an annual cash bonus.
3.3 Vacation. Executive shall be entitled to 5 days of paid vacation per year. In the event that Executive remains employed by the Company for 3 years or more, Executive shall be entitled to 10 days of paid vacation.
3.4 Business Expenses. Executive shall be reimbursed by the Company for all ordinary and necessary expenses incurred by Executive; provided that they are incurred and approved in writing in accordance with the Company’s expense policy.
3.5 Benefits. During the Term, Executive shall be allowed to participate, on the same basis generally as other employees of the Company, in all general employee benefit plans and programs, including improvements or modifications of the same, which may exist as of the Effective Date or thereafter and which are made available by the Company to all or substantially all of its employees. Such benefits, plans, and programs may include, without limitation, any health, and dental insurance, if and when instituted. Any benefit plan currently existing or instituted by the Company after the Effective Date may be altered, change or discontinued by the Company at its sole discretion and at any time without obligation of any nature to Executive. Except as specifically provided herein, nothing in this Agreement is to be construed or interpreted to increase or alter in any way the rights, participation, coverage, or benefits under such benefit plans or programs to other than those provided to other employees pursuant to the terms and conditions of such benefit plans and programs.
4. TERMINATION.
4.1 Death. This Agreement shall terminate immediately upon the death of Executive, and Executive’s estate or Executive’s legal representative, as the case may be, shall be entitled to Executive’s accrued and unpaid Salary as of the date of Executive’s death, plus all other compensation and benefits that were vested through the date of Executive’s death.
4.2 Disability. In the event of Executive’s Disability, this Agreement shall terminate and Executive shall be entitled to (a) accrued and unpaid Salary and vacation through the first date that a Disability is determined; and (b) all other compensation and benefits that were vested through the first date that a Disability has been determined. “Disability” means the good faith determination of the Board that Executive has become so physically or mentally incapacitated or disabled as to be unable to satisfactorily perform his duties hereunder for a period of ninety (90) consecutive calendar days or for one- hundred twenty (120) days in any three-hundred sixty (360) day period, such determination based upon a certificate as to such physical or mental disability issued by a licensed physician and/or psychiatrist (as the case may be) mutually agreed upon by Executive and the Company.
4.3 Termination by Company for Cause. The Company may terminate the Executive for Cause and such termination shall take effect upon the receipt by Executive of the Notice of Termination. Upon the effective date of the termination for Cause, Executive shall be solely entitled to accrued and unpaid Salary through such effective date. “Cause” means: (i) engaging in any act, omission or misconduct that is injurious to the Company or an affiliate; (ii) gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with the performance of duties; (iii) conviction of a criminal offense (other than minor traffic offenses); (iv) fraud, embezzlement or misappropriation of funds or property of the Company or an affiliate; (v) material breach of any term of any employment or other services, confidentiality, intellectual property or non-competition agreements, if any, between the Executive and the Company or an affiliate; (vi) the entry of an order duly issued by any regulatory agency (including federal, state and local regulatory agencies and self-regulatory bodies) having jurisdiction over the Company or an affiliate requiring the removal of the Executive from any office held with the Company or prohibiting the Executive from participating in the business or affairs of the Company or any affiliate; or (vii) the revocation or threatened revocation of any of the Company’s or an affiliate’s government licenses, permits or approvals, which is primarily due to the Executive’s action or inaction and such revocation or threatened revocation would be alleviated or mitigated in any material respect by the termination of the Executive’s employment or services with the Company or an affiliate.
4.4 Voluntary Termination by Executive. The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment for any reason and such termination shall take effect 30 days after the receipt by Company of the Notice of Termination. Upon the effective date of such termination, Executive shall be entitled to (a)accrued and unpaid Salary and vacation through such termination date; and (b) all other compensation and benefits that were vested through such termination date. In the event Executive is terminated without notice, it shall be deemed a termination by the Company for Cause.
4.5 Notice of Termination. Any termination of the employment by the Company or the Executive shall be communicated by a notice in accordance with Section 8.4 of this Agreement (the “Notice of Termination”). Such notice shall (a) indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and (b) if the termination is for Cause, the date on which the Executive’s employment is to be terminated.
4.6 Severance. The Executive shall not be entitled to severance payments upon any termination provided in Section 4 herein.
5. EMPLOYEE’S REPRESENTATION. The Executive represents and warrants to the Company that: (a) he is subject to no contractual, fiduciary or other obligation which may affect the performance of his duties under this Agreement; (b) he has terminated, in accordance with their terms, any contractual obligation which may affect his performance under this Agreement; and (c) his employment with the Company will not require his to use or disclose proprietary or confidential information of any other person or entity.
6. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Except as permitted or directed by the Board of Directors of the Company in writing, during the time the Executive is employed by the Company or at any time thereafter, the Executive shall not use for his personal purposes nor divulge, furnish, or make accessible to anyone or use in any way (other than in the ordinary course of the business of the Company) any confidential or secret information or knowledge of the Company, whether developed by himself or by others. Such confidential and/or secret information encompassed by this Section 6 includes, but is not limited to, the Company’s customer and supplier lists, business plans, software, systems, and financial, marketing, and personnel information. The Executive agrees to refrain from any acts or omissions that would reduce the value of any confidential or secret knowledge or information to the Company, both during his employment hereunder and at any time after the termination of his employment. The Executive’s obligations of confidentiality under this Section 6 shall not apply to any knowledge or information that is now published publicly or that subsequently becomes generally publicly known, other than as a direct or indirect result of a breach of this Agreement by the Executive.
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7. NON-COMPETITION: NON-SOLICITATION; INVENTIONS.
7.1 Non-Competition. During the employment of the Executive under this Agreement and for a period of six (6) months after termination of such employment, the Executive shall not at any time compete on his own behalf, or on behalf of any other person or entity, with the Company or any of its affiliates within all territories in which the Company does business with respect to the business of the Company or any of its affiliates as such business shall be conducted on the date hereof or during the employment of the Executive under this Agreement. The ownership by the Executive of not more than 5% of a corporation, partnership or other enterprise shall not constitute a violation hereof.
7.2 Non-Solicitation. During the employment of the Executive under this Agreement and thereafter Executive shall not at any time (i) solicit or induce, on his own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any employee of the Company or any of its affiliates to leave the employ of the Company or any of its affiliates; or (ii) solicit or induce, on his own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any customer or Prospective Customer of the Company or any of their respective affiliates to reduce its business with the Company or any of its affiliates. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Prospective Customer” shall mean any individual, corporation, trust or other business entity which has either (a) entered into a nondisclosure agreement with the Company or any Company subsidiary or affiliate or (b) has within the preceding 12 months received a currently pending and not rejected written proposal in reasonable detail from the Company or any of the Company’s subsidiary or affiliate.
7.3 Inventions and Patents. The Company shall be entitled to the sole benefit and exclusive ownership of any inventions or improvements in products, processes, or other things that may be made or discovered by Executive while he is in the service of the Company, and all patents for the same. During the Term, Executive shall do all acts necessary or required by the Company to give effect to this section and, following the Term, Executive shall do all acts reasonably necessary or required by the Company to give effect to this section. In all cases, the Company shall pay all costs and fees associated with such acts by Executive.
7.4 Return of Property. The Executive agrees that all property in the Executive’s possession that he obtains or is assigned in the course of his employment with the Company, including, without limitation, all documents, reports, manuals, memoranda, customer lists, credit cards, keys, access cards, and all other property relating in any way to the business of the Company, is the exclusive property of the Company, even if the Executive authored, created, or assisted in authoring or creating such property. The Executive shall return to the Company all such property immediately upon termination of employment or at such earlier time as the Company may request.
7.5 Court Ordered Revisions. If any portion of this Section 7 is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, but would be valid and enforceable if modified, this Section 7 shall apply with such modifications necessary to make this Section 7 valid and enforceable. Any portion of this Section 7 not required to be so modified shall remain in full force and effect and not be affected thereby.
7.6 Specific Performance. The Executive acknowledges that the remedy at law for any breach of any of the provisions of Section 7 will be inadequate, and that the Company shall be entitled, in addition to any remedy at law or in equity, to preliminary and permanent injunctive relief and specific performance.
8. MISCELLANEOUS.
8.1 Indemnification. The Company and each of its subsidiaries shall, to the maximum extent provided under applicable law, indemnify and hold Executive harmless from and against any expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, judgments, fines, settlements and other legally permissible amounts (“Losses”), incurred in connection with any proceeding arising out of, or related to, Executive’s employment by the Company, other than any such Losses incurred as a result of Executive’s negligence or willful misconduct. The Company shall, or shall cause a subsidiary thereof to, advance to Executive any expenses, including attorney’s fees and costs of settlement, incurred in defending any such proceeding to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. Such costs and expenses incurred by Executive in defense of any such proceeding shall be paid by the Company or applicable subsidiary in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding promptly upon receipt by the Company of (a) written request for payment; (b) appropriate documentation evidencing the incurrence, amount and nature of the costs and expenses for which payment is being sought; and (c) an undertaking adequate under applicable law made by or on behalf of Executive to repay the amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined pursuant to any non-appealable judgment or settlement that Executive is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company or any subsidiary thereof. The Company will provide Executive with coverage under all directors and officers liability insurance policies that it has in effect during the Term, with no deductible to Executive.
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8.2 Applicable Law. Except as may be otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Cayman Islands, applied without reference to principles of conflict of laws. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts sitting in Cayman Islands.
8.3 Amendments. This Agreement may not be amended or modified otherwise than by a written agreement executed by the parties hereto or their respective successors or legal representatives.
8.4 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given by hand-delivery to the other party, by an international mail courier, or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:
If to the Executive:
Lu Qian
2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road
Yangpu District, Shanghai
China 200082
If to the Company:
2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road
Yangpu District, Shanghai
China 200082
Attn: Chief Executive Officer
Or to such other address as either party shall have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith. Notices and communications shall be effective when delivered to the addressee.
8.5 Withholding. The Company may withhold from any amounts payable under the Agreement, such federal, state and local income, unemployment, social security and similar employment related taxes and similar employment related withholdings as shall be required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation.
8.6 Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement and any such provision which is not valid or enforceable in whole shall be enforced to the maximum extent permitted by law.
8.7 Captions. The captions of this Agreement are not part of the provisions and shall have no force or effect.
8.8 Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement among the parties concerning the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, discussions, negotiations and undertakings, whether written or oral, between the parties with respect thereto.
8.9 Survival. The respective rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall survive any termination of this Agreement or the Executive’s employment hereunder to the extent necessary to the intended preservation of such rights and obligations.
8.10 Waiver. Either Party’s failure to enforce any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not in any way be construed as a waiver of any such provision or provisions, or prevent that party thereafter from enforcing each and every other provision of this Agreement.
8.11 Successors. This Agreement is personal to Executive and, without the prior express written consent of the Company, shall not be assignable by Executive. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive’s estate, heirs, beneficiaries, and/or legal representatives. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns.
8.12 Joint Efforts/Counterparts. Preparation of this Agreement shall be deemed to be the joint effort of the parties hereto and shall not be construed more severely against any party. This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
8.13 Representation by Counsel. Each Party hereby represents that it has had the opportunity to be represented by legal counsel of its choice in connection with the negotiation and execution of this Agreement.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
| EXECUTIVE: | Jowell Global Ltd. | |
| /s/ Lu Qian | /s/ Haiting Li | |
| Lu Qian | Haiting Li | |
| Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |
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Exhibit 4.42
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of this 1th day of March 2025 and effective from March 1, 2025 (the “Effective Date”), by and between Jowell Global Ltd., a Cayman Islands company (the “Company”), and Haiting Li (the “Executive”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the parties desire to enter into this Agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of the employment relationship between the Executive and the Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
1.1 Agreement to Employ. The Company hereby agrees to employ Executive, and Executive hereby agrees to serve, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, as an officer and employee of the Company.
1.2 Duties and Schedule. Executive shall serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The responsibilities of the Executive shall be subject to the bylaws of the Company and determined by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”). The Executive shall report directly to the Board and shall have such responsibilities as designated by the Board of the Company to the extent that such responsibilities are not inconsistent with all applicable laws, regulations and rules. Executive shall devote his best efforts and all of his business time to his position with the Company.
2. TERM OF EMPLOYMENT. Unless Executive’s employment shall sooner terminate pursuant to Section 4, the Company shall employ Executive for a one-year term commencing on the Effective Date (the “Term”), which Term shall be renewable upon mutual agreement of the Company and the Executive, as approved by the Board.
3. COMPENSATION.
3.1 Salary. Executive’s salary during the Term shall be RMB420,000 per year (the “Salary”), payable monthly.
3.2 Bonus. At the sole discretion of the Board, or any committee duly designated by the Board and authorized to act thereto, the Executive shall be eligible for an annual cash bonus.
3.3 Vacation. Executive shall be entitled to 5 days of paid vacation per year. In the event that Executive remains employed by the Company for 3 years or more, Executive shall be entitled to 10 days of paid vacation.
3.4 Business Expenses. Executive shall be reimbursed by the Company for all ordinary and necessary expenses incurred by Executive; provided that they are incurred and approved in writing in accordance with the Company’s expense policy.
3.5 Benefits. During the Term, Executive shall be allowed to participate, on the same basis generally as other employees of the Company, in all general employee benefit plans and programs, including improvements or modifications of the same, which may exist as of the Effective Date or thereafter and which are made available by the Company to all or substantially all of its employees. Such benefits, plans, and programs may include, without limitation, any health, and dental insurance, if and when instituted. Any benefit plan currently existing or instituted by the Company after the Effective Date may be altered, change or discontinued by the Company at its sole discretion and at any time without obligation of any nature to Executive. Except as specifically provided herein, nothing in this Agreement is to be construed or interpreted to increase or alter in any way the rights, participation, coverage, or benefits under such benefit plans or programs to other than those provided to other employees pursuant to the terms and conditions of such benefit plans and programs.
4. TERMINATION.
4.1 Death. This Agreement shall terminate immediately upon the death of Executive, and Executive’s estate or Executive’s legal representative, as the case may be, shall be entitled to Executive’s accrued and unpaid Salary as of the date of Executive’s death, plus all other compensation and benefits that were vested through the date of Executive’s death.
4.2 Disability. In the event of Executive’s Disability, this Agreement shall terminate and Executive shall be entitled to (a) accrued and unpaid Salary and vacation through the first date that a Disability is determined; and (b) all other compensation and benefits that were vested through the first date that a Disability has been determined. “Disability” means the good faith determination of the Board that Executive has become so physically or mentally incapacitated or disabled as to be unable to satisfactorily perform his duties hereunder for a period of ninety (90) consecutive calendar days or for one- hundred twenty (120) days in any three-hundred sixty (360) day period, such determination based upon a certificate as to such physical or mental disability issued by a licensed physician and/or psychiatrist (as the case may be) mutually agreed upon by Executive and the Company.
4.3 Termination by Company for Cause. The Company may terminate the Executive for Cause and such termination shall take effect upon the receipt by Executive of the Notice of Termination. Upon the effective date of the termination for Cause, Executive shall be solely entitled to accrued and unpaid Salary through such effective date. “Cause” means: (i) engaging in any act, omission or misconduct that is injurious to the Company or an affiliate; (ii) gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with the performance of duties; (iii) conviction of a criminal offense (other than minor traffic offenses); (iv) fraud, embezzlement or misappropriation of funds or property of the Company or an affiliate; (v) material breach of any term of any employment or other services, confidentiality, intellectual property or non-competition agreements, if any, between the Executive and the Company or an affiliate; (vi) the entry of an order duly issued by any regulatory agency (including federal, state and local regulatory agencies and self-regulatory bodies) having jurisdiction over the Company or an affiliate requiring the removal of the Executive from any office held with the Company or prohibiting the Executive from participating in the business or affairs of the Company or any affiliate; or (vii) the revocation or threatened revocation of any of the Company’s or an affiliate’s government licenses, permits or approvals, which is primarily due to the Executive’s action or inaction and such revocation or threatened revocation would be alleviated or mitigated in any material respect by the termination of the Executive’s employment or services with the Company or an affiliate.
4.4 Voluntary Termination by Executive. The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment for any reason and such termination shall take effect 30 days after the receipt by Company of the Notice of Termination. Upon the effective date of such termination, Executive shall be entitled to (a)accrued and unpaid Salary and vacation through such termination date; and (b) all other compensation and benefits that were vested through such termination date. In the event Executive is terminated without notice, it shall be deemed a termination by the Company for Cause.
4.5 Notice of Termination. Any termination of the employment by the Company or the Executive shall be communicated by a notice in accordance with Section 8.4 of this Agreement (the “Notice of Termination”). Such notice shall (a) indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and (b) if the termination is for Cause, the date on which the Executive’s employment is to be terminated.
4.6 Severance. The Executive shall not be entitled to severance payments upon any termination provided in Section 4 herein.
5. EMPLOYEE’S REPRESENTATION. The Executive represents and warrants to the Company that: (a) he is subject to no contractual, fiduciary or other obligation which may affect the performance of his duties under this Agreement; (b) he has terminated, in accordance with their terms, any contractual obligation which may affect his performance under this Agreement; and (c) his employment with the Company will not require him to use or disclose proprietary or confidential information of any other person or entity.
6. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Except as permitted or directed by the Board of Directors of the Company in writing, during the time the Executive is employed by the Company or at any time thereafter, the Executive shall not use for his personal purposes nor divulge, furnish, or make accessible to anyone or use in any way (other than in the ordinary course of the business of the Company) any confidential or secret information or knowledge of the Company, whether developed by himself or by others. Such confidential and/or secret information encompassed by this Section 6 includes, but is not limited to, the Company’s customer and supplier lists, business plans, software, systems, and financial, marketing, and personnel information. The Executive agrees to refrain from any acts or omissions that would reduce the value of any confidential or secret knowledge or information to the Company, both during his employment hereunder and at any time after the termination of his employment. The Executive’s obligations of confidentiality under this Section 6 shall not apply to any knowledge or information that is now published publicly or that subsequently becomes generally publicly known, other than as a direct or indirect result of a breach of this Agreement by the Executive.
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7. NON-COMPETITION: NON-SOLICITATION; INVENTIONS.
7.1 Non-Competition. During the employment of the Executive under this Agreement and for a period of six (6) months after termination of such employment, the Executive shall not at any time compete on his own behalf, or on behalf of any other person or entity, with the Company or any of its affiliates within all territories in which the Company does business with respect to the business of the Company or any of its affiliates as such business shall be conducted on the date hereof or during the employment of the Executive under this Agreement. The ownership by the Executive of not more than 5% of a corporation, partnership or other enterprise shall not constitute a violation hereof.
7.2 Non-Solicitation. During the employment of the Executive under this Agreement and thereafter Executive shall not at any time (i) solicit or induce, on his own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any employee of the Company or any of its affiliates to leave the employ of the Company or any of its affiliates; or (ii) solicit or induce, on his own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any customer or Prospective Customer of the Company or any of their respective affiliates to reduce its business with the Company or any of its affiliates. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Prospective Customer” shall mean any individual, corporation, trust or other business entity which has either (a) entered into a nondisclosure agreement with the Company or any Company subsidiary or affiliate or (b) has within the preceding 12 months received a currently pending and not rejected written proposal in reasonable detail from the Company or any of the Company’s subsidiary or affiliate.
7.3 Inventions and Patents. The Company shall be entitled to the sole benefit and exclusive ownership of any inventions or improvements in products, processes, or other things that may be made or discovered by Executive while he is in the service of the Company, and all patents for the same. During the Term, Executive shall do all acts necessary or required by the Company to give effect to this section and, following the Term, Executive shall do all acts reasonably necessary or required by the Company to give effect to this section. In all cases, the Company shall pay all costs and fees associated with such acts by Executive.
7.4 Return of Property. The Executive agrees that all property in the Executive’s possession that he obtains or is assigned in the course of his employment with the Company, including, without limitation, all documents, reports, manuals, memoranda, customer lists, credit cards, keys, access cards, and all other property relating in any way to the business of the Company, is the exclusive property of the Company, even if the Executive authored, created, or assisted in authoring or creating such property. The Executive shall return to the Company all such property immediately upon termination of employment or at such earlier time as the Company may request.
7.5 Court Ordered Revisions. If any portion of this Section 7 is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, but would be valid and enforceable if modified, this Section 7 shall apply with such modifications necessary to make this Section 7 valid and enforceable. Any portion of this Section 7 not required to be so modified shall remain in full force and effect and not be affected thereby.
7.6 Specific Performance. The Executive acknowledges that the remedy at law for any breach of any of the provisions of Section 7 will be inadequate, and that the Company shall be entitled, in addition to any remedy at law or in equity, to preliminary and permanent injunctive relief and specific performance.
8. MISCELLANEOUS.
8.1 Indemnification. The Company and each of its subsidiaries shall, to the maximum extent provided under applicable law, indemnify and hold Executive harmless from and against any expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, judgments, fines, settlements and other legally permissible amounts (“Losses”), incurred in connection with any proceeding arising out of, or related to, Executive’s employment by the Company, other than any such Losses incurred as a result of Executive’s negligence or willful misconduct. The Company shall, or shall cause a subsidiary thereof to, advance to Executive any expenses, including attorney’s fees and costs of settlement, incurred in defending any such proceeding to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. Such costs and expenses incurred by Executive in defense of any such proceeding shall be paid by the Company or applicable subsidiary in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding promptly upon receipt by the Company of (a) written request for payment; (b) appropriate documentation evidencing the incurrence, amount and nature of the costs and expenses for which payment is being sought; and (c) an undertaking adequate under applicable law made by or on behalf of Executive to repay the amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined pursuant to any non-appealable judgment or settlement that Executive is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company or any subsidiary thereof. The Company will provide Executive with coverage under all directors and officers liability insurance policies that it has in effect during the Term, with no deductible to Executive.
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8.2 Applicable Law. Except as may be otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Cayman Islands, applied without reference to principles of conflict of laws. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts sitting in Cayman Islands.
8.3 Amendments. This Agreement may not be amended or modified otherwise than by a written agreement executed by the parties hereto or their respective successors or legal representatives.
8.4 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given by hand-delivery to the other party, by an international mail courier, or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:
If to the Executive:
Haiting Li
2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road
Yangpu District, Shanghai
China 200082
If to the Company:
2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road
Yangpu District, Shanghai
China 200082
Attn: Board of Directors
Or to such other address as either party shall have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith. Notices and communications shall be effective when delivered to the addressee.
8.5 Withholding. The Company may withhold from any amounts payable under the Agreement, such federal, state and local income, unemployment, social security and similar employment related taxes and similar employment related withholdings as shall be required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation.
8.6 Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement and any such provision which is not valid or enforceable in whole shall be enforced to the maximum extent permitted by law.
8.7 Captions. The captions of this Agreement are not part of the provisions and shall have no force or effect.
8.8 Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement among the parties concerning the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, discussions, negotiations and undertakings, whether written or oral, between the parties with respect thereto.
8.9 Survival. The respective rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall survive any termination of this Agreement or the Executive’s employment hereunder to the extent necessary to the intended preservation of such rights and obligations.
8.10 Waiver. Either Party’s failure to enforce any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not in any way be construed as a waiver of any such provision or provisions, or prevent that party thereafter from enforcing each and every other provision of this Agreement.
8.11 Successors. This Agreement is personal to Executive and, without the prior express written consent of the Company, shall not be assignable by Executive. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive’s estate, heirs, beneficiaries, and/or legal representatives. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns.
8.12 Joint Efforts/Counterparts. Preparation of this Agreement shall be deemed to be the joint effort of the parties hereto and shall not be construed more severely against any party. This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
8.13 Representation by Counsel. Each Party hereby represents that it has had the opportunity to be represented by legal counsel of its choice in connection with the negotiation and execution of this Agreement.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
| EXECUTIVE: | Jowell Global Ltd. | |
| /s/ Haiting Li | /s/ Lu Qian | |
| Haiting Li | Lu Qian | |
| Chief Financial Officer |
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Exhibit 8.1
List of Principal Subsidiaries and Variable Interest Entity of the Registrant
| Subsidiaries | Place of Incorporation | |
| Jowell Technology Limited | Hong Kong | |
| Shanghai Jowell Technology Co., Ltd. | PRC | |
| Shanghai Lianfu Information Technology Co., Ltd. | PRC | |
| Baotou Juhaoyuan Trading Co., Ltd.(1) | PRC |
| Consolidated Variable Interest Entity | Place of Incorporation | |
| Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd..(2)(3) | PRC | |
| Juhao Yuan Brand Management (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. (4) | PRC |
| (1) | a 55% owned subsidiary of Shanghai Jowell Technology Co., Ltd. |
| (2) | including 5 wholly owned Juhao Best Choice Stores in Nantong and Changshu cities. |
| (3) | including 15 wholly owned subsidiaries engaging online promotion of our products and services in Shanghai and Guangzhou cities. |
| (4) | a 55% owned subsidiary of Shanghai Juhao Information Technology Co., Ltd. and was sold to a third party in August 2024. |
Exhibit 12.1
Certification by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Haiting Li, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”); |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: May 9, 2025 | ||
| By: | /s/ Haiting Li | |
| Name: | Haiting Li | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Exhibit 12.2
Certification by the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Lu Qian, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”); |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: May 9, 2025 | ||
| By: | /s/ Lu Qian | |
| Name: | Lu Qian | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
Exhibit 13.1
Certification by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Haiting Li, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: May 9, 2025 | ||
| By: | /s/ Haiting Li | |
| Name: | Haiting Li | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Exhibit 13.2
Certification by the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Lu Qian, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: May 9, 2025 | ||
| By: | /s/ Lu Qian | |
| Name: | Lu Qian | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
Exhibit 15.1
May 9, 2025
Jowell Global Ltd.
2nd Floor, No. 285 Jiangpu Road
Yangpu District, Shanghai
China 200082
Re: Consent Letter on Jowell Global Ltd. Form 20-F
We act as the PRC counsel to Jowell Global Ltd. (the “Company”), a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, in connection with the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F.
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the headings “Item 3. Key Information—Our Holding Company Structure and Contractual Arrangements with the Consolidated VIE and Its Individual Shareholders in China”, “Item 3. Key Information—Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations”, “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure”, “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China”, and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—5A. Operating Results—Overview” in the annual report of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”) to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We also consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report.
This Consent is rendered solely to you for the Form 20-F and may not be used for any other purpose. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
| Sincerely yours, | |
| /s/ Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm | |
| Jiangsu Yiyou Tianyuan Law Firm |
Exhibit 15.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File No. 333-259695) and on Form F-3 (File No. 333-264109) of Jowell Global Ltd. of our report dated May 9, 2025, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Jowell Global Ltd. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes, which report appears in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 annual report on Form 20-F of Jowell Global Ltd.
| /s/ Enrome LLP | |
| Enrome LLP | |
| Singapore. | |
| May 9, 2025 |
Exhibit 15.3
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of Jowell Global Ltd. on Form S-8 [File No. 333-259695] and Form F-3 [File No. 333-264109] of our report dated May 15, 2023, relating to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes, before the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in accounting related to the Share Consolidation as described in Note 12, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 20-F of Jowell Global Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2024.
We were dismissed as auditors on December 21, 2023 and, accordingly, we have not performed any audit or review procedures with respect to any financial statements appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the periods after the date of our dismissal. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the Form F-3 [File No. 333-264109].
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
New York, New York
May 9, 2025
NEW YORK OFFICE ● 7 Penn Plaza ● Suite 830 ● New York, New York ● 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 ● Fax 646.349.5200 ● www.marcumasia.com