3 E Network Technology Group Ltd F-1, filed Dec 30, 2025
3 E Network Technology Group Ltd (MASK)
As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 2025.
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| 7371 | Not Applicable | |||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
Tel:
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With a Copy to:
Jasmine M. Li, Esq.
TsingLaw NY LLP
1934 W 9th St
Brooklyn, NY 11223
+1-929-748-8008
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: Promptly after the effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial
statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition
period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the
Securities Act
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell the securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting any offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted.
| Preliminary Prospectus | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 30, 2025 |
Up to 114,503,817 Class A Ordinary Shares
3 E Network Technology Group Limited
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale, from time to time, by the Selling Shareholder (as defined below) of an aggregate of up to 114,503,817 class A ordinary shares of 3 E Network Technology Group Limited (the “Company” , “our company”, “3e Network”, “we”, or “us”), par value US$0.0001 per share (each, a “Class A Ordinary Share”, collectively, “Class A Ordinary Shares”) issuable upon conversion in full of a convertible note (the “Convertible Note” or the “Note”) issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) that we entered into with L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (the “Selling Shareholder” or “L1 Capital”) on December 18, 2025.
We are not selling any Class A Ordinary Shares under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Class A Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder. We have received US$1,380,000 in aggregate gross proceeds from the Selling Shareholder from the sale of the Convertible Note pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and issued the initial Note in the principal amount of $1,500,000. We may receive an additional $460,000 in gross proceeds and issue the remaining $500,000 of principal of the Note upon effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject to certain additional terms and conditions. The Selling Shareholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares.
The Selling Shareholder may sell the Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus from time to time on terms to be determined at the time of sale through ordinary brokerage transactions or through any other means described in this prospectus under the caption “Plan of Distribution.” The Class A Ordinary Shares may be sold at fixed prices, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market price or at negotiated prices, provided, that the Class A Ordinary Shares shall not be converted below a floor price equal to US$0.0524 (the “Floor Price”), which represents 20% of the Minimum Price (as defined by Nasdaq Rules) as of December 17, 2025, the applicable date pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement. In the event the applicable conversion price or exercise price, as applicable, would otherwise be below such Floor Price, the Company will issue shares at the Floor Price and pay the Selling Shareholder the resulting economic difference in cash.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “MASK.” There is no established trading market for the Convertible Note and we do not intend to list the Convertible Note on any exchange or other trading system.
We are a BVI business company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”). As a holding company, historically, our operations were conducted by our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries based in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”), Guangzhou 3e Network Technology Company Limited (the “Guangzhou Sanyi Network”) and Guangzhou 3E Network Technology Company Limited (the “Guangzhou 3E Network”), which we maintained 100% ownership via our wholly-owned subsidiary based in Hong Kong, 3e Network Technology Company Limited (the “HK 3e Network”). On March 21, 2025, HK 3e Network sold 60% equity interest in Guangzhou Sanyi Network and our entire 100% equity interest in Guangzhou 3E Network. On December 25, 2025, HK 3e Network sold the remaining 40% equity interest in Guangzhou Sanyi Network. As a result, all of our business operations will be conducted through HK 3e Network, which will serve as our sole operating entity under this offering. As the date of this prospectus, we have disposed of all of our subsidiaries in mainland China and no longer conduct any business in mainland China. This is an offering of the Class A Ordinary Shares of 3e Network, the holding company incorporated in BVI, instead of shares of our historical operating entities in mainland China, Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, or our subsidiary in Hong Kong, HK 3e Network. Our corporate structure may involve unique risks to investors.
We are subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with having the majority of our operations in Hong Kong. Hong Kong was established as a special administrative region of the PRC in accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the PRC. The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC (the “Basic Law”) was adopted and promulgated on April 4, 1990 and became effective on July 1, 1997, when the PRC resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. Pursuant to the Basic Law, Hong Kong is authorized by the National People’s Congress of the PRC to exercise a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative, and independent judicial power, under the principle of “one country, two systems,” and the PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which is confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs, and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy). However, there is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political, and legal environment in Hong Kong in the future. Due to the uncertainty of the PRC legal system and changes in laws, regulations, or policies, the Basic Law may be revised in the future, and thus, we may face the same legal and operational risks associated with operating in the PRC. If there is a significant change to current political arrangements between mainland China and Hong Kong, or if the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, the Hong Kong subsidiaries may become subject to PRC laws or authorities. As a result, the Hong Kong subsidiaries could incur material costs to ensure compliance, be subject to fines, experience devaluation of securities or delisting, no longer conduct offerings to foreign investors, and no longer be permitted to continue their current business operations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate — Hong Kong’s legal system is evolving and has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protection available to you.” on page 28.
Additionally, the PRC laws and regulations and the enforcement of such that apply or are to be applied to Hong Kong can change quickly with little or no advance notice. As a result, the Hong Kong legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the availability of legal protections, which could result in a material change in the Hong Kong subsidiaries’ operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale.” The main legislation in Hong Kong concerning data security is the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (the “PDPO”), which regulates the collection, usage, storage, and transfer of personal data and imposes a statutory duty on data users to comply with the six data protection principles contained therein. As of the date of this prospectus, we and each of the Hong Kong subsidiaries have complied with the laws and requirements in respect of data security in Hong Kong. However, the laws on cybersecurity and data privacy are constantly evolving and can be subject to varying interpretations, resulting in uncertainties about the scope of our responsibilities in that regard. Failure to comply with the cybersecurity and data privacy requirements in a timely manner, or at all, may subject us or the Hong Kong subsidiaries to consequences, including government enforcement actions and investigations, fines, penalties, and suspension or disruption of the Hong Kong subsidiaries’ operations. In addition, the Competition Ordinance (Cap. 619 of the Laws of Hong Kong) prohibits and deters undertakings in all sectors from adopting anti-competitive conduct which has the object or effect of preventing, restricting, or distorting competition in Hong Kong. It provides for general prohibitions in three major areas of anti-competitive conduct described as the first conduct rule, the second conduct rule, and the merger rule. As of the date of this prospectus, we and the Hong Kong subsidiaries have complied with all three areas of anti-competition laws and requirements in Hong Kong. Neither the data security nor antimonopoly laws and regulations in Hong Kong restrict our ability to accept foreign investment or impose limitations on our ability to list on any U.S. stock exchange. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate — We may become subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and data security, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.” on page 29.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares may be prohibited to trade on a national exchange or “over-the-counter” markets under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) and the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “AHFCAA”) if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. Under the HFCA Act, which became law on December 18, 2020, if the public companies that have retained a registered public accounting firm to issue an audit report that (1) is located in a foreign jurisdiction, and (2) the PCAOB has determined that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction for three consecutive years, will be prohibited from trading on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market by the SEC. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the AHFCAA, which was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amending the HFCAA to require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three. Pursuant to the HFCA Act, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021 (the “Determination Report”) which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China, and (2) Hong Kong. On August 26, 2022, a Statement of Protocol was signed by the PCAOB, the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC (the “MOF”) governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong (the “Statement of Protocol”). Pursuant to the Statement of Protocol, the PCAOB conducted inspections on select registered public accounting firms subject to the Determination Report in Hong Kong between September and November 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB board announced that it has completed the inspections, determined that it had complete access to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, and voted to vacate the Determination Report. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the “CAA”) was signed into law by President Biden. The CAA contained, among other things, an identical provision to the AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two. Our former auditor, HTL International, LLC (“HTL”), the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. HTL is headquartered in Houston, Texas, and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis. On June 20, 2025, we announced the appointment of GGF as our new independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements, effective June 19, 2025. GGF is an accounting firm based in the PRC that is registered with the PCAOB and is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. If in the future, the PCAOB concludes that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely our auditor, we and our investors would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections again. In addition, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our former and current auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate — Our Class A Ordinary Shares may be delisted under the HFCA Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”
Neither 3e Network nor its subsidiaries have maintained cash management policies which dictate the purpose, amount and procedure of cash transfers between the entities. Each entity needs to comply with applicable laws or regulations with respect to transfer of funds, dividends and distributions with other entities. As a holding company, we may rely on transfer of funds, dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends and our cash and financing requirement may not be fully satisfied.
As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries have made any dividends or distributions to 3e Network, and no dividends or distributions have been made to any investors by 3e Network or any of its subsidiaries. We intend to keep any future earnings to re-invest in and finance the expansion of the business of our Hong Kong subsidiaries, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future to the U.S. investors immediately following the consummation of this offering. Under BVI law and the Amended and Restated Articles, the directors of the Company may, by resolution of directors, authorize a distribution by way of dividend at such time at such amount as they think fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the distribution, the value of the Company’s assets will exceed its liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due. In order for us to pay dividends to our shareholders, we will rely on the distribution of profits of our Hong Kong subsidiary to our BVI subsidiary, and then to 3e Network.
For a summary of the condensed consolidated schedule and the consolidated financial statements, see “Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Information.”
We are a BVI business company and conduct all of our operations and substantially all of our assets are located in Hong Kong. In addition, all of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce the U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts including judgments based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate — Certain legal requirements shall be met for effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in the prospectus.”
As of the date of this prospectus, our issued and outstanding shares consist of 22,621,530 Class A Ordinary Shares and 580,000 class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share (each, a “Class B Ordinary Share”, collectively, “Class B Ordinary Shares”). The holders of Class A Ordinary Shares have the right to an equal share in any dividend paid by the Company and the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation. Holders of Class B Ordinary Shares shall not receive the right to any dividend paid by the Company or receive the right to any distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation. Each Class A Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to one vote at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders, and each Class B Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders. Each Class B Ordinary Share shall only be issued to the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ employees or those entities of which its principal shareholder is an employee of the Company or its subsidiaries. Shareholder’s termination of employment with the Company or its subsidiaries shall immediately result in the compulsory redemption and cancellation of any and all issued and outstanding shares of Class B Ordinary Shares held by such shareholder on the date of termination. Each Class B Ordinary Share may not be sold, assigned, transferred, alienated, commuted, anticipated, or otherwise disposed of (including by will or the laws of descent and distribution), or pledged or hypothecated as collateral for a loan or as security for the performance of any obligation, or be otherwise encumbered, and are not subject to attachment, garnishment, execution or other legal or equitable process, and any attempt to do so shall be null and void. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares shall not have any conversion rights and the Class A Ordinary Shares are not convertible into shares of any other class. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares — Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial.”
As of the date of this prospectus, our former Chairman and former Director, Mr. Joseph Shu Sang Law, beneficially owned 7,700,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, representing 22.5% of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding shares.
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares — As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.” and “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an “Emerging Growth Company”.
We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read this entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any securities, you should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 15 of this prospectus.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Prospectus dated December 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
We have not authorized any person to give you any supplemental information or to make any representations for us. You should not rely upon any information about us that is not contained in this prospectus or in one of our public reports filed with SEC and incorporated into this prospectus. Information contained in this prospectus or in our public reports may become stale. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference are accurate as of any date other than their respective dates, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the shares.
This prospectus does not constitute an offer, or an invitation to subscribe for and purchase, any of the Class A Ordinary Shares and may not be used for or in connection with an offer or solicitation by anyone, in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the Class A Ordinary Shares and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.
ii
COMMONLY USED DEFINED TERMS
Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:
| ● | “we”, “us”, the “Company”, “our company” or “3e Network” in this prospectus are to 3 E Network Technology Group Limited, a BVI business company and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates;
| |
| ● | “AHFCAA” refers to Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act;
| |
| ● | “Amended and Restated Articles” means the memorandum and articles of association of the Company as amended and restated on January 3, 2024; |
| ● | “B2B” refers to business-to-business; |
| ● | “BVI” refers to the “British Virgin Islands”; |
| ● | “BVI Act” refers to the BVI Business Companies Act, Revised Edition 2020; |
| ● | “BVI 3e Holdings” refers to 3e Network Technology Holdings Limited, a BVI business company; |
| ● | “CAC” refers to the Cyberspace Administration of China; |
| ● | “China” or the “PRC” or “mainland China”, unless otherwise specified herein, refers to the People’s Republic of China; |
| ● | “Class A Ordinary Shares” are to the class A ordinary shares of 3 E Network Technology Group Limited, par value US$0.0001 per share; |
| ● | “Class B Ordinary Shares” are to the class B ordinary shares of 3 E Network Technology Group Limited, par value US$0.0001 per share; |
| ● | “CSRC” refers to the China Securities Regulatory Commission; |
| ● | “Guangzhou Sanyi Network” refers to Guangzhou 3e Network Technology Company Limited, a mainland China company; |
| ● | “Guangzhou 3E Network” refers to Guangzhou 3E Network technology Company Limited, a mainland China company; |
| ● | “PRC operating entities,” “PRC subsidiaries” or “PRC operating subsidiaries” refer to Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, each of which was wholly-owned by HK 3e Network until March 21, 2025; |
| ● | “HFCA Act” refers to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act; |
| ● | “HK 3e Network,” or “Hong Kong subsidiary” refers to 3e Network Technology Company Limited, a Hong Kong company; |
| ● | “Hong Kong” refers to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China; |
| ● | “IT” refers to information technology; |
iii
| ● | “RMB” or “RMB Yuan” refers to the legal currency of PRC; |
| ● | “HKD” or “HK Dollar” refers to the legal currency of Hong Kong; |
| ● | “Maskmeta” refers to Maskmeta Limited, a Hong Kong company; | |
| ● | “M&A Rule” refers to the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors of China; |
| ● | “MOFCOM” refers to the Ministry of Commerce of China; | |
|
● | “Nasdaq Rules” means the Rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; |
| ● | “Ordinary Shares” refers to our Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares, collectively; |
| ● | “PCAOB” refers to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; |
| ● | “Placement Agent” refers to Boustead Securities, LLC, a California limited liability company; | |
| ● | “Registration Statement” refers to this registration statement on Form F-1; |
| ● | “SAFE” refers to State Administration of Foreign Exchange in China; |
| ● | “SAIC” refers to State Administration for Industry and Commerce in China, which is currently known as State Administration for Market Regulation; |
| ● | “SAT” refers to the PRC State Administration of Taxation; |
| ● | “SAMR” refers to the former State of Administration of Industry and Commerce of China, which has been merged into the State Administration for Market Regulation; and |
| ● | “SCNPC” refers to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China; | |
| ● | “SEC” refers to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; |
| ● | “SPV” refers to special purpose vehicles; |
| ● | “U.S. GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. | |
| ● | “US$,” “dollars,” “US$” or “U.S. dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States; |
3e Network’s reporting currency is U.S. dollar. This prospectus contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts in RMB into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Unless noted otherwise, all translations of RMB are calculated at the rate of RMB7.1636 to US$1.00, and all Hong Kong dollar and US dollar conversions in this annual report are based on the exchange rate of HK$7.8499 to US$1.00, the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on June 30, 2025. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at such rate, or at any other rate.
iv
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares, discussed under “Risk Factors” before deciding whether to buy our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Business Overview
We are a business-to-business (“B2B”) information technology (“IT”) business solutions provider with the inspiration to become a next-generation artificial intelligence (“AI”) infrastructure solutions provider. Historically, through our two PRC subsidiaries, Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, we started as a business that focuses on integrated software solutions in the property management and exhibition services spaces. Over time, we expanded our software solution offering to reach across a variety of industries and sectors, including food establishments, real estate, exhibition & conferencing, and clean energy utilities. In addition, we also provide data center operation services. Following the sale of our interests in the PRC subsidiaries in March 2025 and December 2025, our current business operations are conducted our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network, which continues to develop and provide software solutions and data center operation services across these sectors.
Our business mainly comes from software development portfolio. The proportion of revenue was 100%, 99.25% and 98.6% for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
We also conducted exhibition and conference services, as well as hardware sales, which generated 1.4% and nil, respectively, for the year ended June 30, 2023, 0.74% and 0.01%, respectively, for the year ended June 30, 2024. We no longer conduct exhibition and conference services in the year ended June 30, 2025, as part of a strategic decision to focus resources on our core software development and overseas business expansion initiatives.
Software Development Portfolio
As an IT business solution provider, we take pride in our technical acumen in delivering software solutions for our business customers. The key pillar of our growth story and the primary engine of our growth is the development of custom software solutions for our customers.
For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, our main products under our custom software solutions offering include software products developed for property management companies, restaurant management, intelligent music generation, and highway monitoring and control. Customers can choose to buy a basic version with minimal alterations or customize additional functions to suit their needs. We plan to significantly expand the number of customers we serve to diversify our customer base and grow our revenues. Revenues from a new customer often rise quickly over the first several years following our initial engagement as we expand the services that we provide to that customer. Therefore, obtaining new customers is important for us to achieve rapid revenue growth.
1
Data Center Operation Services
In December 2025, the Company entered into a main services agreement (the “Main Service Agreement”) with Orka Technologies Oy (“Orka”), a third-party company incorporated in Finland. Pursuant to the Main Service Agreement, the Company and Orka have agreed to jointly develop an artificial intelligence data center project in Finland (the “Project”). The Project represents the Company’s planned expansion into the international data center development and hosting business. The Project has an initial term of three years and contemplates a phased capacity expansion plan.
Certain Risks and Limitations Related to Doing Business in China and Hong Kong
Because substantially all of our operations are in mainland China historically, and we expect to generate revenue from China in the future through our operating subsidiary based in Hong Kong, we are subject to the laws and regulations of the PRC and Hong Kong, which are significantly different from those of the United States, and we face risks arising from the legal system in China and Hong Kong, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China and Hong Kong. The laws and regulations of the PRC and Hong Kong and the enforcement of such laws and regulations can change quickly with little advance notice.
There are significant liquidity risks related to our Class A Ordinary Shares and certain limitations on our ability to transfer cash between us or our Hong Kong subsidiary. In order for us to pay dividends to our shareholders, we may rely on the distribution of profits of the Hong Kong subsidiary to our BVI subsidiary.
Corporate History and Holding Company Structure
We are a BVI business company incorporated in the BVI on October 6, 2021 under the BVI Business Companies Act, Revised Edition 2020, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, which we refer to below as the BVI Act. Historically, our operations were conducted primarily through our PRC operating subsidiaries, Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, which were incorporated in the PRC on May 26, 2017 and January 17, 2023, respectively. Our BVI subsidiary BVI 3e Holdings was incorporated on October 8, 2018 under the BVI Act, and our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network, was incorporated in Hong Kong on August 30, 2020.
In March 2025, HK 3e Network entered into two equity transfer agreements with HongKong Techfaith Limited (“Techfaith”) and sold to Techfaith (i) 60% of equity interest of Guangzhou Sanyi Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB6,204,000 in cash; and (ii) 100% of equity interest of Guangzhou 3E Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB1,390,000 in cash. In December 2025, HK 3e Network entered into two equity transfer agreements with Techfaith and sold to Techfaith the remaining 40% of equity interest of Guangzhou Sanyi Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB5,300,000 in cash. These sales reflect our broader strategy to reallocate resources toward expanding its overseas operations, particularly in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Following the completion of these transactions, our operations were primarily carried on by our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network.
As of the date of this prospectus, we have disposed of all of our subsidiaries in mainland China and no longer conduct any business in mainland China.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate legal structure as of the date of this prospectus.
Permission Required for the Offering and Overseas Listing
Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which became effective on September 8, 2006 and were amended June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules contains provisions that require that an offshore special purpose vehicle (“SPV”) formed for listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by Chinese companies or individuals shall obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.
2
On December 28, 2021, the CAC jointly with the relevant authorities formally published Measures for Cybersecurity Review (the “Cybersecurity Review Measures”) which took effect on February 15, 2022. The Cybersecurity Review Measures stipulates that operators of critical information infrastructure purchasing network products and services, and online platform operator (together with the operators of critical information infrastructure, the “Operators”) carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security, shall conduct a cybersecurity review, and any online platform operator who controls more than one million users’ personal information must go through a cybersecurity review by the cybersecurity review office if it seeks to be listed in a foreign country. The “Regulation on Network Data Security Management,” which was announced on September 24, 2024, and came into effect on January 1, 2025, reiterates the above requirements. Based on these regulations, we cannot ensure that we will not be subject to cybersecurity review requirements in the future. If Chinese regulatory authorities determine that we need to undergo a cybersecurity review, or if relevant government agencies issue new interpretations or implementation rules requiring us to undergo a cybersecurity review before listing, we may need to complete the review process within the specified time frame. Failure to do so may result in legal risks and penalties, including business suspension and other consequences. These legal requirements could affect the timing and process of our fundraising, and may even negatively impact the company’s reputation.
As of the date hereof, we are of the view that we are in compliance with the applicable PRC laws and regulations governing the data privacy and personal information in all material respects, including the data privacy and personal information requirements of the CAC, and we have not received any complaints from any third party, or been investigated or punished by any PRC competent authority in relation to data privacy and personal information protection. We have adopted corresponding internal control measures to ensure the security of our information system and confidentiality of our customers’ personal information, including, but not limited to the followings:
| ● | We have established information security management systems which stipulate the standardized procedures for the management of information system. Through the information security management systems, we classify our staff based on their positions and responsibilities and grant them different access rights and adopt password control to identify system users. We adjust, shut down or deregister the access rights in a timely manner when such staff change their positions or take long vacations or terminate their employment agreements with us. Moreover, we conduct information system security inspections and periodically check the access logs of our information system to identify abnormal accesses and remove accounts with abnormal activities. |
| ● | We provide training to our employees to ensure that they are aware of our internal policies in relation to data protection. |
| ● | We have specific network administrator responsible for installing the network firewall, remoting backup storage of important databases, business data, and documents, and promoting information security awareness among our employees. |
As a company providing B2B IT business solutions, we do not collect data or personal information from end users of our platforms maintained by our corporate customers, and we do not maintain or store such data or personal information on our server. We do not collect personal information other than limited contact information of our corporate customers. We do not hold any user data, nor have shared, transferred or publicly disclosed user data without prior consent or authorization from the customers, unless otherwise permitted by relevant laws and regulations. We are required to comply with laws and regulations in the PRC relating to data privacy and personal information, and failure to comply with such laws and regulations may potentially lead to regulatory or civil liability.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures and five supporting guidelines, which became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Administrative Measures, among other requirements, any domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, including those indirect overseas offering and listing which meet certain conditions, should fulfil the filing procedures with the CSRC within three business days after the submission of the overseas offering and listing application. We believe that we are required to complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the Trial Administrative Measures. We submitted the initial filing documents to the CSRC on October 9, 2023, and the CSRC published the notification on our completion of the required filing procedures on January 8, 2024 for that offering. If the filing procedure with the CSRC under the Trial Administrative Measures is required for any future offerings or any other capital raising activities, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete such filings in a timely manner, or even at all. Any failure by us to comply with such filing requirements under the Trial Administrative Measures may result in a ratification order, warnings or fines against us and could materially hinder our ability to offer or to continue to offer our securities.
3
Furthermore, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering and any follow-on offering, we may be unable to obtain such approvals which could significantly affect our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to our investors. For instance, in the event that the CSRC approval or any regulatory approval is required for this offering while we inadvertently concluded that such approval was not required, or if the CSRC or any other PRC government authorities promulgates any new laws, rules or regulations or any interpretation or implements rules before our listing that would require us to obtain the CSRC or any other governmental approval for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek CSRC approval for this offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limitations on our operating privileges in the PRC, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before the settlement and delivery of the Class A Ordinary Shares that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the Class A Ordinary Shares we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval requirements could have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete this offering or any follow-on offering of our securities or the market for and market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Dividend Distributions or Assets Transfer among the Holding Company and Its Hong Kong Subsidiary
We are a BVI business company with no material operations of its own and does not generate any revenue. We currently conduct all of our operations through our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network.
Neither 3e Network or its Hong Kong subsidiary has cash management policies dictating how funds are transferred, and each entity needs to comply with applicable laws or regulations with respect to transfer of funds, dividends and distributions with other entities.
As of the date of this prospectus, there were no cash flows including all dividends, transfer and distribution between 3e Network and Hong Kong subsidiary; and there has been no dividend or distributions made between U.S. investors, other investors and any of the Company’s entities. For the summary of the condensed consolidated schedule and the consolidated financial statements, see “Summary Consolidated Financial And Operating Data” (which is a summary of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and a summary of the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income); and “Risk Factor — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — The transfer of funds or assets between us and our subsidiaries is subject to restriction.”
Cash proceeds raised from overseas financing activities, including the cash proceeds from this offering, may be transferred by 3e Network to the BVI 3e Holdings, and then transferred to HK 3e Network, as capital contribution and/or shareholder loans subject to applicable regulatory approvals, as the case may be, respectively. We intend to keep any future earnings to re-invest in and finance the expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
Under BVI law and the Amended and Restated Articles, the directors of the Company may, by resolution of directors, authorize a distribution by way of dividend at such time at such amount as they think fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the distribution, the value of the Company’s assets will exceed its liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, unless we receive proceeds from future offerings, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our BVI subsidiary, which will be dependent on receipt of dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiary in accordance with the laws and regulations of Hong Kong.
Based on our understanding of the Hong Kong laws and regulations, as of the date of this prospectus, there is no restriction imposed by the Hong Kong government on the transfer of capital within, into and out of Hong Kong (including funds from Hong Kong to mainland China, except for transfer of funds involving money laundering and criminal activities). Notwithstanding the foregoing, we cannot assure that there will not be any changes in the future in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong and that the PRC government will not in the future exert influence over changes to laws and regulations of Hong Kong to impose restrictions on the transfer of capital within, into and out of Hong Kong. There are no foreign exchange controls or foreign exchange regulations under the currently applicable laws of the BVI.
4
Cash dividends, if any, on our Class A Ordinary Shares will be paid in USD.
Industry Overview
The PRC software and information technology service industry (“Software Industry”) displayed a steady development trend in 2023. Statistics from the Operation Monitoring and Coordination Bureau of the PRC Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the “MIIT”) shows that in 2023, total revenue of the industry surpassed RMB12 trillion with profitability remaining steady and export continuing to grow. More than 380,000 companies in the Software Industry reached the milestone of receiving more than RMB5 million in revenue for their core operations in 2023. Total revenue from the Software Industry was RMB12,325.8 billion, a year-on-year increase of 13.4%, the growth rate went up by 2.2% when compared with that of 2022. The total profit of the Software Industry was RMB1,459.1 billion in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 13.6%. Compared against 2022, the rate of increase went up by 7.9% and the profit ratio of the main business of surveyed companies in the industry increased by 0.1% to 9.2%. Export sales of Software Industry amounted to USD 51.42 billion, a decrease of 3.6% year-on-year, but was 5.4% higher than the growth rate in 2022, according to the MIIT.
In 2023, the domestic revenues from the sales of software products, IT services, information security products and services, and embedded system software were RMB2,903 billion, RMB8,122.6 billion, RMB223.2 billion and RMB1,077 billion, respectively.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that our competitive strengths that distinguishes us from our competitors and contributes to our success include the following:
| ● | the breadth and depth of our expertise in the exhibition business and property management business, |
| ● | the complete solution approach and the quality of the service we offer, |
| ● | our market reputation and track record, and |
| ● | our marketing and selling skills. |
Growth Strategy
We have developed and intend to implement the following strategies to expand and grow our Company:
| ● | Maintain our relationship with existing and new customers and pursue additional revenue opportunities from them. |
| ● | Continue to invest in research and development, deepen domain expertise and develop specific solutions for target industry verticals. |
| ● | Continue to invest in training and development of our human capital base. |
Marketing and Sales
We target to become the primary provider of IT services and software for each of our customers. We seek to acquire new account relationships through face-to-face field sales, and targeted direct marketing to increase awareness of our solutions. Our product design team is also our main sales team as they can better explain the salient features of our products to our potential customers. Most of our potential customers have their IT expert on their team and prefer a more technical sales presentation. We also specifically target small and medium-sized enterprise companies in the exhibition industry and property management industry, primarily in PRC.
In the property management sector, our management team can leverage their experience in the sector to pitch and customize our software solutions to potential clients. We often receive referrals from existing clients for potential opportunities. We may also submit pitches to potential clients directly. For each case, our sales support and technical sales personnel work closely with the potential client in understanding their needs, propose and present a demo system in the business pitch, and continuously engage with the client to identify the optimal solutions.
For property management solutions, our pricing structure is primarily based on our estimated work hours and numbers of personnel needed for completing the project. Based on the information and request, we provide an internal estimate for the numbers of hours and number of personnel needed for each project, calculate using our internal hourly baseline rates, and finally adjust the overall price based on relationship and competitive considerations.
5
In the solar energy space, we establish ourselves by participating in exhibitions and fairs to showcase our products, and use contacts at forums and industrial groups to develop relationships with potential clients and discuss collaborating opportunities. For products in this sector, we offer both standardized and customized software solutions, with our standardized product priced based on the power-generation capacity a client manages, and our customized product priced using a base price and a sliding price scale based on numbers of units a solar power stations the client will need to manage.
We have an integrated marketing team with our sales support and technical sales personnel working closely to support our marketing functions. Our technical sales team is essentially part of our product and technology development teams, with personnel supporting each pitch on an ad-hoc basis. They work closely with potential clients to identify the needs, provide suggested solutions and showcase demo products to potential clients. The technical sales team is further supported by one sale support personnel, providing support services to our technical sales team in compiling pitch materials and providing technical onboarding and training for customers.
Our Revenue Model
We generate revenues through software development services, exhibition and conference services, hardware sales and others. For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we recognized approximately US$6,660,455, US$4,561,963 and US$1,671,351, respectively, in revenues, with the revenue streams from the four segments accounted for 100.00%, nil, nil, and nil, respectively, for year ended June 30, 2025, 99.25%, 0.74%, nil, and 0.01%, respectively, for the year ended June 30, 2024, and 98.57%, 1.38%, nil, and 0.05%, respectively, for the year ended June 30, 2023.
The revenue from exhibition and conference services, hardware sales, and other businesses was generated by Guangzhou Sanyi Network. As the Group disposed of a 60% equity interest in this entity in March 2025, and the remaining 40% equity interest in December 2025, such revenue has been reclassified as income from discontinued operations.
Competition
The market for IT services is highly competitive and we expect the competition to intensify. We believe that the principal factors in our markets are industry expertise, breadth and depth of service offerings, quality of the services offered, reputation and track record, marketing skills and price. Domestically, we face competition from the following major competitors: Eastfair Technology Company Limited, Shanghai Tonggao Information and Technology Company Limited, Shenzhen Jeez Technology Co Ltd., and Guangdong Cyberway Information and Technology Company Limited. Internationally, we face competition from the following major competitors: iChef Co., Ltd., Everywhere Limited, and Eats365 Inc. These competitors are all larger companies and possess a considerable market share in IT services industry. While compared with above competitors, as an IT business solution provider, we have been focusing on delivering consulting and solutions services to companies in the exhibition industry and property management industry.
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed in more details in the section titled “Risk Factors.”
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
| ● | Our limited operating history subsidiaries may not be indicative of our future growth and may make it difficult to predict our future prospects, business and financial performance. We may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects. | |
| ● | The renewable energy utility industry in which our customers operate is a new and evolving market, which may not grow to the size or at the rate we expect. | |
| ● | Existing regulations, and changes to such regulations, might present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the installation of solar energy systems, which may significantly reduce demand for our solar energy systems. |
6
| ● | The growth and success of our business depends on our ability to anticipate and develop new services and enhance existing services in order to keep pace with rapid changes in technology and in the industries we focus on. |
| ● | We might lose business to competitors that underbid us and might be unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry. |
| ● | We may be forced to reduce the prices of our services due to increased competition and reduced bargaining power with our customers, which could lead to reduced revenues and profitability. |
| ● | Adverse changes in the economic environment, could reduce our customers’ purchases from us and increase pricing pressure, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations. |
| ● | Due to intense competition for highly skilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained personnel to support our operations; as a result, our ability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline. |
| ● | Our success depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services. |
| ● | We have a relatively small number of customers for our exhibition and conferencing services, the loss of which could reduce our revenues and significantly harm our business. For our software solution services, there are significant turnovers in our customers from one year to another. Failure to recruit new customers or expand our relationship with our existing customers may reduce our revenues and significantly harm our business as well. |
| ● | If we are unable to collect our receivables from our customers, our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. |
| ● | A significant portion of our income is generated, and will in the future continue to be generated, on a project basis with a fixed price; we may not be able to accurately estimate costs and determine resource requirements in relation to our projects, which would reduce our margins and profitability. |
| ● | If we cause disruptions to our customers’ businesses or provide inadequate service, our customers may have claims for substantial damages against us, and as a result our profits may be substantially reduced. |
| ● | The proper functioning of technology use is essential to our business, and any difficulty experienced by such system would materially and adversely affect us. |
| ● | Cyber-attacks and other security incidents, both real and perceived, impacting confidentiality and integrity of our information technology and digital infrastructure could lead to loss of reputation and financial obligations. |
| ● | Our property management company clients and the residents in the properties they manage use WeChat, a third-party social media platform, or WeChat mini program, a sub-application on the platform, for accessing the property management systems that we develop. If services of WeChat are limited, restricted, curtailed or degraded in any way or become unavailable for any reason, the access of our clients or the residents may be significantly impacted, as a result of which our business may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, we may lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing services. |
| ● | We may need additional capital and any failure by us to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to grow our business. |
| ● | Failure to adhere to regulations that govern our customers’ businesses could result in breaches of contracts with our customers. Failure to adhere to the regulations that govern our business could result in our being unable to effectively perform our services. |
| ● | We may incur losses resulting from business interruptions resulting from occurrence of natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks or events. |
7
| ● | We may face difficulties in providing end-to-end business solutions for our customers that could cause customers to discontinue their work with us, which, in turn, could impact our business. |
| ● | Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect us against losses. |
| ● | We will likely not pay dividends in the foreseeable future. |
| ● | Ongoing geopolitical tensions around the world may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate
| ● | U.S. regulatory agencies’ ability to conduct investigations or enforce rules in mainland China is limited. |
| ● | Certain legal requirements shall be met for effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in mainland China against us or our management named in the prospectus based on Hong Kong or other foreign laws, and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions in mainland China may also be limited. | |
| ● | Our Class A Ordinary Shares may be delisted under the HFCA Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
| |
| ● | You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under BVI law. |
| ● | Hong Kong’s legal system is evolving and has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protection available to you. |
| ● | We may become subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and data security, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. |
Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares
| ● | You may experience dilution to the extent that our Class A Ordinary Shares are issued upon the exercise of outstanding convertible notes, warrants or other securities that we may issue in the future. |
| ● | Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market could cause the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline. |
| ● | The Selling Shareholder may acquire their Class A Ordinary Shares at a price that is less than the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares in the future, may earn a positive rate of return even if the price of the Class A Ordinary Shares declines and may be willing to sell their Class A Ordinary Shares at a price less than shareholders that acquired Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market. |
| ● | The conversion of the Convertible Note or future sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares may further dilute our securities and adversely impact the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. |
| ● | Sales of shares issuable upon the conversion of the Convertible Note or the effectiveness of our registration statement may cause the market price of our shares to decline. |
| ● | We may have to pay damages to the Selling Shareholder, which will impact our cash flows. | |
| ● | Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial. | |
| ● | As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. |
8
Increase of Maximum Number of Shares Authorized to Issue and Forward Share Split and Re-Designation and Re-Classification
On January 3, 2024, the Company filed the Amended and Restated Articles with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs of BVI to amend the maximum number of shares we are authorized to issue from 50,000 Ordinary Shares, par value US$1 per share, to 500,000,000 shares with a par value of USD 0.0001 each, comprising i) 400,000,000 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, par value USD 0.0001 per share and ii) 100,000,000 shares of Class B Ordinary Shares, par value USD 0.0001 per share. Simultaneously, the Company effectuated a share split of all issued and outstanding shares at a ratio of 1-for-10,000, and re-designated and re-classified all then issued and outstanding ordinary shares into Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a ratio of 1-for-1.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures and five supporting guidelines, which became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Administrative Measures, among other requirements, any domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, including those indirect overseas offering and listing which meet certain conditions, should fulfil the filing procedures with the CSRC within three business days after the submission of the overseas offering and listing application. We believe that we are required to complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the Trial Administrative Measures. Based on the fact that the operating entity was previously located in China, we have submitted the initial filing documents to the CSRC on October 9, 2023, and the CSRC published the notification on our completion of the required filing procedures on January 8, 2024 for that offering. As the Trial Administrative Measures was newly published, the implementation and interpretation thereof is subject to change, if the filing procedure with the CSRC under the Trial Administrative Measures is required for any future offerings or any other capital raising activities, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete such filings in a timely manner, or even at all. Any failure by us to comply with such filing requirements under the Trial Administrative Measures may result in an order to rectify, warnings and fines against us and could materially hinder our ability to offer or to continue to offer our securities. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC revised the Archives Rules and the revised Archives Rules came into effect together with the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023. The revised Archives Rules will expand their application to cover indirect overseas offering and listing, stipulating that a domestic company which plans to publicly disclose any documents and materials containing state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level.
Implications of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. An identified issuer will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. In June 2021, the Senate passed the AHFCAA, which reduced the time period for the delisting of foreign companies under the HFCA Act to two consecutive years instead of three years. If our auditors cannot be inspected by the PCAOB for two consecutive years, the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchanges, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the U.S., will be prohibited. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCA Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCA Act, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued the Determination Report on its determinations that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in those jurisdictions.
On August 26, 2022, the Statement of Protocol was signed by the PCAOB, the CSRC and the MOF governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the Statement of Protocol, the PCAOB conducted inspections on select registered public accounting firms subject to the Determination Report in Hong Kong between September and November 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB board announced that it has completed the inspections, determined that it had complete access to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, and voted to vacate the Determination Report.
Our former auditor, HTL, the independent registered public accounting firm that issued the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. HTL is headquartered in Houston, Texas, and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis. On June 20, 2025, we announced the appointment of GGF CPA Ltd (“GGF”) as our new independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements, effective June 19, 2025. The appointment was made after a careful and thorough evaluation process and has been recommended and approved by the audit committee of our board of directors, and subsequently approved by our board of directors. GGF succeeds HTL, our previous independent registered public accounting firm. On June 19, 2025, HTL declined to stand for re-election as the independent registered public accounting firm for us. The audit reports of HTL on the financial statements of us as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.
9
Both our former and current auditors are not identified in the report issued by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021 as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the future, if there is any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulatory agencies that does not permit HTL to provide audit work papers located in mainland China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB re-evaluates its determination as a result of any obstruction with the implementation of the Statement of Protocol in the future, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection which could result in limitation or restriction to our access to the U.S. capital markets and trading of our securities on a national exchange or “over-the-counter” markets may be prohibited under the HFCA Act. In addition, under the HFCA Act, our securities may be prohibited from trading on the Nasdaq or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, which could be reduced to two consecutive years if the AHFCAA, passed by the U.S. Senate on June 22, 2021, is signed into law, and this ultimately could result in our Class A Ordinary Shares being delisted by the exchange. On December 29, 2022, the CAA was signed into law by President Biden. The CAA contained, among other things, an identical provision to the AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two. Further, we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory agencies would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate— Our Class A Ordinary Shares may be delisted under the HFCA Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”
Implications of Being an “Emerging Growth Company”
As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), enacted in April 2012, and may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
| ● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our SEC filings; |
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
Under the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of the above-described reduced reporting requirements and exemptions until we no longer meet the definition of an emerging growth Company. The JOBS Act provides that we would cease to be an “emerging growth Company” at the end of the fiscal year in which the fifth anniversary of our initial sale of common equity pursuant to a registration statement declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) occurred, if we have more than US$1.23 billion in annual revenue, have more than US$700 million in market value of our Ordinary Shares held by non-affiliates, or issue more than US$1 billion in principal amount of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer
We are incorporated in the BVI, and more than 50% of our issued and outstanding voting securities are not directly or indirectly held by residents of the United States. Therefore, we are a “foreign private issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act and Rule 3b-4(I) under the Exchange Act. As a result, we are not subject to the same requirements as U.S. domestic issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports or provide periodic and current reports as frequently, as a domestic public company; |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and |
| ● | we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
10
Recent Development
On December 25, 2025, HK 3e Network entered into two equity transfer agreements with Hong Kong Techfaith Limited (“Techfaith”) and sold to Techfaith the remaining 40% of equity interest of Guangzhou Sanyi Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB5,300,000 in cash. Following the completion of this transaction, our operations are substantially carried on by our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network.
On December 18, 2025, we entered into the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue up to US$2.0 million in face value of Convertible Note to the Selling Shareholder to purchase a certain number of Class A Ordinary Shares. The initial closing for aggregate gross proceeds of $1,380,000 and a principal amount of $1,500,000 of Note occurred on the same date (the “Closing”). The Securities Purchase Agreement provides for a second closing of $500,000 in principal of Note for $460,000 in gross proceeds to occur upon effectiveness of the resale registration statement for the Shares underlying the Note, subject to certain additional terms and conditions. Boustead Securities, LLC acted as placement agent in connection with the offering.
On November 17, 2025, our board of directors received the resignation letter from Ms. Na Mi, who resigned as an independent director and the chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee, a member of compensation and audit committee of the Company, effective on the same date. Effective as of November 19, 2025, the board of directors appointed Ms. Fenfen Qi as an independent director to fill in the vacancies created by Ms. Na Mi's resignation.
On October 7, 2025, our board of directors approved and adopted an equity incentive plan (the “2025 Share Incentive Plan”), which became effective on the same date. See “Management—Equity Incentive Plan” for details.
On June 20, 2025, we announced the appointment of GGF CPA Ltd (“GGF”) as our new independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements, effective June 19, 2025. The appointment was made after a careful and thorough evaluation process and has been recommended and approved by the audit committee of our board of directors, and subsequently approved by our board of directors. GGF succeeds HTL International, LLC (“HTL”), our previous independent registered public accounting firm. On June 19, 2025, HTL declined to stand for re-election as the independent registered public accounting firm for us. The audit reports of HTL on the financial statements of us as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.
On June 16, 2025, our board of directors received the resignation letter from Mr. Law Shu Sang Joseph, effective on June 16, 2025. Mr. Law Shu Sang Joseph’s resignation reflects a mutual agreement with the board of directors to step down as Chairman of the board of directors of the Company, and the resignation is not as a result of any disagreement with us relating to our operations, policies or practices.
On June 9, 2025, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue up to US$7.4 million in face value of convertible notes and warrants to the Selling Shareholder to purchase a certain number of Class A Ordinary Shares in three tranches, which contemplates (i) the first tranche consisting of up to US$2.2 million in principal amount of convertible notes and warrants, and 1,248,611 pre-delivery shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase an additional 213,389 pre-delivery shares, (ii) the second tranche consisting up to US$2.2 million in principal amount of convertible notes, to be issued pursuant to the terms and conditions of the securities purchase agreement and (iii) the third tranche consisting of up to US$3.0 million in principal amount of convertible notes, which may be issued by mutual agreement within 180 days after the second tranche closing. In connection with this transaction, we have entered into a warrant agreement with the placement agent, Boustead Securities, LLC, pursuant to which Boustead Securities, LLC is entitled to receive warrants representing five percent of the number of pre-delivery shares issued by the Company, if and when the Selling Shareholder exercises its right to purchase and actually consummates its purchase of the pre-delivery shares under the securities purchase agreement. On July 7, 2025, our registration statement on Form F-1 (Registration No. 333-288294) was declared effective by the SEC. On October 14, 2025, we entered into a letter agreement with the Selling Shareholder (the “L1 Letter Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties agreed to amend the convertible notes issued in the L1 First Tranche such that the remaining portion thereof cannot be converted below a floor price equal to US$0.63, which represents 20% of the Minimum Price (as defined by Nasdaq Rules) as of June 9, 2025, the date of the execution of the securities purchase agreement and (ii) amend the warrants issued in the L1 first tranche such that the exercise price of the warrants cannot be below US$0.63, and in the event the applicable conversion price or exercise price, as applicable, would otherwise be below US$0.63, the Company will issue shares at US$0.63 and pay the Selling Shareholder the resulting economic difference in cash, calculated as set forth in the L1 Letter Agreement. Further, pursuant to the L1 Letter Agreement, the parties also agreed that all references to the second and third tranches in the securities purchase agreement shall no longer apply and be null and void. As of the date of this prospectus, the Selling Shareholder has converted a total of US$2,050,000 under the Convertible Notes issued in the L1 First Tranche, with the remaining principal amount of the outstanding Notes totals US$150,000, which are convertible into up to 238,095 Class A Ordinary Shares based on the floor price equal to US$0.63 pursuant to the L1 Letter Agreement, and outstanding warrants to purchase 493,128 Class A Ordinary Shares (including pre-funded warrants to purchase an additional 213,389 Class A Ordinary Shares). On October 17, 2025, we entered into another securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue convertible note in the principal amount of US$1.5 million convertible into our Class A Ordinary Shares for aggregate gross proceeds of US$1.38 million. As of the date of this prospectus, 5,185,187 of the convertible note issued under the securities purchase agreement dated October 17, 2025 has been converted into Class A Ordinary Shares, and up to 2,979,144 Class A Ordinary Shares remain issuable upon conversion of such convertible note based on the floor price of US$0.1007.
On May 3, 2025, we signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding with Orka Technologies Oy, a company incorporated and existing under the laws of Finland to jointly develop and construct a data center located in Finland.
On April 3, 2025, our board of directors approved the removal of the positions of (i) Ye Tao as the Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, (ii) Zhaolai Deng as the Chief Product Officer of the Company, (iii) Zhiyong Lin as the Chief Technology Officer of the Company; and (iv) Haodong Li as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company. The Board also approved that Tingjun Yang’s position was changed to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, replacing his previous position of Co-Chief Executive Officer.
11
In March 2025, HK 3e Network entered into two equity transfer agreements with Techfaith and sold to Techfaith (i) 60% of equity interest of Guangzhou Sanyi Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB6,204,000 in cash; and (ii) 100% of equity interest of Guangzhou 3E Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB1,390,000 in cash. These sales reflect our broader strategy to reallocate resources toward expanding its overseas operations, particularly in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Following the completion of these transactions, our operations were primarily carried on by our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network.
On January 24, 2025, our board of directors, in accordance with the provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles and the BVI Act, adopted written resolutions and approved the issuance of 300,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Niu Jianping and 280,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Zhu Huabei, with a par value of USD0.0001 per share, with such amounts to be paid in cash. Each of Niu Jianping and Zhu Huabei is an employee of us. Pursuant to our Amended and Restated Articles, holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares shall not receive the right to any dividend paid by us and shall not receive the right to any distribution of the surplus assets of us on our liquidation, and may not convert their Class B Ordinary Shares into shares of any other class. Each Class B Ordinary Share in our Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of our Company or on any resolution of shareholders.
Our Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at No.118 Connaught Road West, 30th Floor, Hong Kong, and our telephone number is +852 98232486. Our registered office in the BVI is at Aegis International Group Limited, Aegis Chambers, 1st Floor, Ellen Skelton Building, 3076 Sir Francis Drake’s Highway, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands. We maintain a website at www.3etech.cn.
Notes on Prospectus Presentation
This prospectus contains translations of certain RMB amounts into U.S. dollar amounts and certain SUS$ amounts into U.S. dollar amounts at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The relevant exchange rates are listed below:
| For the Year Ended June 30, 2025 | For the Year Ended June 30, 2024 | For the Year Ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Period Ended RMB: USD exchange rate | 7.1636 | 7.2672 | 7.2513 | |||||||||
| Period Average RMB: USD exchange rate | 7.2143 | 7.2248 | 6.9536 | |||||||||
Numerical figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in various tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.
For clarification, this prospectus follows the English naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual’s name is Chinese or English. For example, the name of our former Chairman will be presented as “Shu Sang Law,” even though, in Chinese, his name is presented as “Law Shu Sang.”
We have relied on statistics provided by a variety of publicly-available sources regarding expectations of growth of Hong Kong and China. Some market data and statistical information contained in this prospectus are based on management’s estimates and calculations, which are derived from our review and interpretation of the sources listed above, our internal research and our knowledge of software industries in Hong Kong and China. While we believe such information is reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information and our internal data has not been verified by any independent source.
12
THE OFFERING
| Issuer | 3 E Network Technology Group Limited | |
| Securities offered by the Selling Shareholder | Up to 114,503,817 Class A Ordinary Shares convertible from the Convertible Note | |
| Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding prior to completion of this Offering | 22,621,530 Class A Ordinary Shares | |
| Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after this Offering | Up to 137,125,347 Class A Ordinary Shares
| |
| See “Description of Shares” for more information. | ||
| Terms of the offering | The Selling Shareholder may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any or all of the Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus from time to time on Nasdaq or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. The Class A Ordinary Shares may be sold at fixed prices, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, provided, that the Class A Ordinary Shares shall not be converted below a floor price equal to US$0.0524 (the “Floor Price”), which represents 20% of the Minimum Price (as defined by Nasdaq Rules). In the event the applicable conversion price or exercise price, as applicable, would otherwise be below such Floor Price, the Company will issue shares at the Floor Price and pay the Selling Shareholder the resulting economic difference in cash | |
| Discount for shares underlying Convertible Note | The Convertible Note includes an original issues discount of up to US$120,000, or 12% of the principal amount. | |
| Interest rate | No interest shall accrue prior to the occurrence of defaulting event, and from and after the occurrence and during the continuance of any defaulting event, interest shall accrue at a rate equal to 15% per annum or, if less, the highest amount permitted by law. | |
| Listing | Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq Capital Markets under the symbol “MASK”. | |
| Use of Proceeds | We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Shareholder. As of the date hereof, we received US$1,380,000 from the Selling Shareholder under the Securities Purchase Agreement for the issuance of the Convertible Note in the initial principal amount of $1,500,000. We may receive an additional $460,000 in gross proceeds and issue the remaining $500,000 of principal of the Note upon effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject to certain additional terms and conditions. These proceeds will be used for general corporate purpose. These proceeds will be used for general corporate and working capital or other purposes that our board of directors deems to be in our best interest. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty the particular use for the net proceeds we may receive. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds, if any. | |
| Risk Factors | The Class A Ordinary Shares offered hereby involve a high degree of risk. You should read “Risk Factors” beginning on page 15 for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to invest in our Class A Ordinary Shares. |
13
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
The following tables summarize our consolidated financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The summary consolidated statements of income data for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and the summary consolidated balance sheets data as of June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, and included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. The following summary consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of income data for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
For The Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 4,835,167 | $ | 859,344 | $ | 37,130 | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | (2,426,213 | ) | (30,896 | ) | (7,338 | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | 2,408,954 | 828,448 | 29,792 | |||||||||
| Operating (expenses) | (478,423 | ) | (10,886 | ) | (11,763 | ) | ||||||
| Income from operations | 1,930,531 | 817,562 | 18,029 | |||||||||
| Other income/(expenses) | (21,586 | ) | - | (2,240 | ) | |||||||
| Income from continuing operation before provision of income taxes | 1,908,945 | 817,562 | 15,789 | |||||||||
| Provision for income taxes expenses | (431,139 | ) | (114,958 | ) | (1,767 | ) | ||||||
| Net income from continuing operation | 1,477,806 | 702,604 | 14,022 | |||||||||
| (Loss) /income from discontinued operation, net of income tax | (712,887 | ) | 845,743 | 982,135 | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | 764,919 | $ | 1,548,347 | $ | 996,157 | ||||||
| Total comprehensive income | $ | 898,707 | $ | 1,539,066 | $ | 996,157 | ||||||
| Net income per common share - Basic and Diluted | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.10 | ||||||
The following table presents our summary consolidated balance sheets data as of June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
For The Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||
| Current assets | $ | 7,191,985 | $ | 2,223,510 | 946,709 | |||||||
| Non-current assets | 2,163,296 | 1,637,048 | 1,062,609 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 9,355,281 | 3,860,558 | 2,009,318 | |||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | ||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | 2,921,270 | 1,124,040 | 260,999 | |||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | 1,080,266 | - | 551,867 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,001,536 | 1,124,040 | 812,866 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 5,353,745 | 2,736,518 | 1,196,452 | |||||||||
| Total Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 9,355,281 | $ | 3,860,558 | 2,009,318 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
14
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our Class A Ordinary Shares, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected, which could cause the trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. You should only consider investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares if you can bear the risk of loss of your entire investment.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our limited operating history subsidiaries may not be indicative of our future growth and may make it difficult to predict our future prospects, business and financial performance. We may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.
We have a relatively short operating history, with significant but uneven growth, interrupted by significant disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our revenues were US$37,130 in the year ended June 30, 2023, and continuously grew to US$859,344 in the year ended June 30, 2024 and US$4,835,167 in the year ended June 30, 2025. However, our short operating history may not serve as an adequate basis for evaluating our prospects and future operating results, including, but not limited to, key operating data, net revenue, cash flows and operating margins.
In addition, to adapt to various economic, operational and regulatory challenges, our business strategies and product and service offerings have also experienced significant shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic. As some industrial and economic norms and patterns have changed whereas others may not last, we may need to continue to adjust our business strategies and product and service offerings in the near term. Failure to anticipate future changes or adequately adapt to such changes may impact our operations, financial performances and long-term success.
More generally, we have encountered, and may continue to encounter, risks, challenges and uncertainties frequently experienced by companies at an early stage, including those relating to our ability to adapt to the industry, to maintain and monetize our customer base, to introduce new offerings and services and to maintain consistent business growth. If we are unable to successfully address these risks, challenges and uncertainties, our business, financial conditions and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We intend to continue our expansion in the foreseeable future to pursue existing and potential market opportunities. Our growth has placed and will continue to place significant demands on our management and our administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Continued expansion increases the challenges we face in:
| ● | recruiting, training, developing and retaining sufficient IT talents and management personnel; |
| ● | creating and capitalizing upon economies of scale; |
| ● | managing a larger number of customers in a greater number of industries and locations; |
| ● | maintaining effective oversight of personnel and offices; |
| ● | coordinating work among offices and project teams and maintaining high resource utilization rates; |
| ● | integrating new management personnel and expanded operations while preserving our culture and core values; |
| ● | developing and improving our internal administrative infrastructure, particularly our financial, operational, human resources, communications and other internal systems, procedures and controls; and |
| ● | adhering to and further improving our high quality and process execution standards and maintaining high levels of customer satisfaction. |
Moreover, as we introduce new services or enter into new markets, we may face new market, technological and operational risks and challenges with which we are unfamiliar, and it may require substantial management efforts and skills to mitigate these risks and challenges. As a result of any of these problems associated with expansion, our business, results of operations and financial conditions could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.
15
The renewable energy utility industry in which our customers operate is a new and evolving market, which may not grow to the size or at the rate we expect.
We have recently entered the renewable energy utility market where we provide software and IT solutions for solar farms and other renewable energy utility systems. The renewable energy industry is a new and rapidly growing market opportunity. We believe the renewable energy industry will still take several years to fully develop and mature, but we cannot be certain that the market will grow to the size or at the rate that we expect. Any future growth of the renewable energy market depends on many factors beyond our control, including recognition and acceptance of the solar service market by consumers, the pricing of alternative sources of energy, a favorable regulatory environment, the continuation of expected tax benefits and other incentives. Our business might be adversely affected should the markets for solar energy not develop to the size or at the rate we expect, or should our customers not experience the kind of growth we anticipate and rely on for our business development.
Growth in residential solar energy also depends on dynamic macroeconomic conditions, retail prices of electricity and customer preferences. Declining macroeconomic conditions, including labor markets and residential real estate markets, could contribute to instability and uncertainty among customers and impact their financial ability or interest in entering into long-term contracts, even if such contracts would generate immediate and long-term savings. It also remains prohibitively expensive for new market participants to enter the industry.
Market prices of retail electricity generated by utilities or other energy sources also could decline for a variety of reasons. Any such declines in macroeconomic conditions, changes in retail prices of electricity or changes in customer preferences would adversely impact our business opportunities.
16
Existing regulations, and changes to such regulations, might present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the installation of solar energy systems, which may significantly reduce demand for our solar energy systems.
The installation of solar energy systems is subject to oversight and regulation under local ordinances; building, zoning and fire codes; utility interconnection requirements for metering; and other rules and regulations. Certain jurisdictions may have ordinances that prevent or increase the cost of installation of our solar energy systems. New government regulations or utility policies pertaining to the installation of solar energy systems are unpredictable and might result in significant additional expenses or delays, which could cause a significant reduction in demand for solar energy systems.
The growth and success of our business depends on our ability to anticipate and develop new services and enhance existing services in order to keep pace with rapid changes in technology and in the industries we focus on.
The market for our services is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, changing customer preferences and new product and service introductions. Our future growth and success depend significantly on our ability to anticipate developments in IT services, and develop and offer new product and service lines to meet our customers’ evolving needs. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments in a timely manner, or if we do respond, the services or technologies we develop may not be successful in the marketplace. The development of some of the services and technologies may involve significant upfront investments and the failure of these services and technologies may result in our being unable to recover these investments, in part or in full. Should we fail to adapt to the rapidly changing IT services market or if we fail to develop suitable services to meet the evolving and increasingly sophisticated requirements of our customers in a timely manner, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We might lose business to competitors that underbid us and might be unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.
Some of customers are government-related or state-owned enterprises (“SOEs”) with some project awarded through a competitive bidding process in which price is the determining factor, and we compete against multiple competitors in many of the markets in which we operate. Some of our competitors are larger than us and are vertically integrated, and competitors larger than us may be able to better exploit economies of scale to receive higher discounts or rebates. An increase in competition may result in decreases in new project awards to us at acceptable profit margins, and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
We may be forced to reduce the prices of our services due to increased competition and reduced bargaining power with our customers, which could lead to reduced revenues and profitability.
The IT industry is developing rapidly and related technology trends are constantly evolving. This results in the frequent introduction of new services and technologies and significant price competition from our competitors. We may be unable to offset the effect of declining average sales prices through increased sales volumes and or reductions in our costs. Furthermore, we may be forced to reduce the prices of our services in response to offerings made by our competitors. Finally, we may not have the same level of bargaining power we have enjoyed in the past when it comes to negotiating for the prices of our services.
17
Adverse changes in the economic environment could reduce our customers’ purchases from us and increase pricing pressure, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
The IT services industry is particularly sensitive to the economic environment, and tends to decline during general economic downturns. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial conditions and prospects are subject to a significant degree to the economic environment, especially for regions in which we and our customers operate. During an economic downturn, our customers may cancel, reduce or defer their IT spending or change their IT outsourcing strategy, and reduce their purchases from us. The recent global economic slowdown and any future economic slowdown, and the resulting diminution in IT spending, could also lead to increased pricing pressure from our customers. The occurrence of any of these events could materially and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
Due to intense competition for highly skilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained personnel to support our operations; as a result, our ability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline.
The IT services industry relies on skilled personnel, and our success significantly depends on our ability to recruit, train, develop and retain qualified personnel, especially experienced middle and senior level management. Increased competition for these personnel, in the IT industry or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us and cause a significant increase in our attrition rate, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to a decline in demand for our services. Additionally, failure to recruit, train, develop and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill the needs of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new personnel successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations. Failure to retain our key personnel on customer projects or find suitable replacements for key personnel upon their departure may lead to termination of some of our customer contracts or cancellation of some of our projects, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our success depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees. We currently do not maintain key-man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management team or other key personnel. If one or more of our senior executives or key employees is or are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, it could disrupt our business operations, and we may not be able to replace them easily or at all. In addition, competition for senior executives and key personnel in our industry is intense, and we may be unable to retain our senior executives and key personnel or attract and retain new senior executive and key personnel in the future, in which case our business may be severely disrupted, and our financial conditions and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If any of our senior executives or key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers, know-how and key professionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers, who generally keeps a close relationship with our customers, joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, there could be unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge, practices or procedures by such personnel. Most of our executives and key personnel have entered into employment agreements with us that contain non-competition provisions, non-solicitation and nondisclosure covenants. However, if any dispute arises between our executive officers and key personnel and us, such non-competition, non-solicitation and nondisclosure provisions might not provide effective protection to us.
18
We have a relatively small number of customers for our exhibition and conferencing services, the loss of which could reduce our revenues and significantly harm our business. For our software solution services, there are significant turnovers in our customers from one year to another. Failure to recruit new customers, expand our relationship with our existing customers or expand to new product categories may reduce our revenues and significantly harm our business as well.
We believe that in the foreseeable future we will continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from a small number of major customers. For the year ended June 30, 2024, our top three customers, Minerva Semiconductor Corp. Limited, Genesis Global Financial Group Limited and Yunding Internet Technology Co., Ltd. accounted for 48.38%, 31.34% and 23.27% of our revenue, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2025, our top four customers, AUSPICIOUS APEX PTE. LTD., Minerva Semiconductor Corp. Limited, HongKong Sunny Infosystems Limited and BigBeaver Tech Limited accounted for 20.68%, 20.01%, 17.15% and 11.74%, respectively of our revenue.
Our ability to maintain close relationships with major customers is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. However, the volume of work performed for a specific customer is likely to vary from year to year, especially since we are generally not our customers’ exclusive IT business solution provider, and we do not have long-term commitments from any of our customers to purchase our services. In addition, our reliance on any individual customer for a significant portion of our revenues may give that customer a certain degree of pricing leverage against us when negotiating contracts and terms of service. A number of factors other than our performance could also cause the loss of or reduction in business or revenues from a customer, and these factors are not predictable. These factors may include corporate restructuring, pricing pressure, changes to its outsourcing strategy, customers’ decision to switch to another service provider or returning work in-house. In the future, a small number of customers may continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. The loss of any of our major customers could adversely affect our financial conditions and results of operations.
For our other business lines, our software customer base tends to vary from one year to another, as each purchase agreement tends to be a one-off event with few repeat customers. A major customer in one year may not provide the same level of revenues for us in any subsequent year. The IT services we provide to our customers, and the revenues and income from those services, may decline or vary as the type and quantity of IT services we provide change over time.
We plan to significantly expand the number of customers we serve to diversify our customer base and grow our revenues. Revenues from a new customer often rise quickly over the first several years following our initial engagement as we expand the services that we provide to that customer. Therefore, obtaining new customers is important for us to achieve rapid revenue growth. We also plan to grow revenues from our existing customers by identifying and selling additional services to them, and to expand into new product categories and offerings to broaden our market access and appeal. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to develop new product categories and offerings on an ongoing and regular basis. Our ability to attract new customers, as well as our ability to grow revenues from existing customers, depends on a number of factors, including our ability to offer high quality services at competitive prices, the strength of our competitors and the capabilities of our sales and marketing teams. If we are not able to continue to attract new customers or to grow revenues from our existing customers in the future, we may not be able to grow our revenues as quickly as we anticipate or at all.
19
If we are unable to collect our receivables from our customers, our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.
Our business depends on our ability to successfully obtain payment from our customers of the amounts they owe us for work performed. As of June 30, 2025, our accounts receivable balance, net of allowance, amounted to approximately US$3,219,313. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2024 and 2025, nil, and US$190,786 allowance of doubtful accounts were provided for the Company’s total accounts receivable balance, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2025, 5.55% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance were provided as allowance of doubtful accounts.
Since we generally do not require collateral or other security from our customers, we establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon estimates, historical experience and other factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers. However, actual losses on customer receivables balance could differ from those that we anticipate and as a result we might need to adjust our allowance. There is no guarantee that we will accurately assess the creditworthiness of our customers. Macroeconomic conditions, including related turmoil in the global financial system, could also result in financial difficulties for our customers, including limited access to the credit markets, insolvency or bankruptcy, and as a result could cause customers to delay payments to us, request modifications to their payment arrangements that could increase our receivables balance, or default on their payment obligations to us. As a result, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account will have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnover days of our accounts receivable. If we are unable to collect our receivables from our customers in accordance with the contracts with our customers, our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.
A significant portion of our income is generated, and will in the future continue to be generated, on a project basis with a fixed price; we may not be able to accurately estimate costs and determine resource requirements in relation to our projects, which would reduce our margins and profitability.
A significant portion of our income is generated, and will in the future continue to be generated, from fees we receive for our projects with a fixed price. For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, all of our income was generated from fees it received for projects with a fixed price. Our projects often involve complex technologies, entail the coordination of operations and workforces in multiple locations, utilizing workforces with different skill sets and competencies and geographically distributed service centers, and must be completed within compressed timeframes and meet customer requirements that are subject to change and increasingly stringent. If we fail to accurately assess the time and resources required for completing projects and to price our projects profitably, our business, results of operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.
If we cause disruptions to our customers’ businesses or provide inadequate service, our customers may have claims for substantial damages against us, and as a result our profits may be substantially reduced.
If our professionals make errors in the course of delivering services to our customers or fail to consistently meet service requirements of a customer, these errors or failures could disrupt the customer’s business, which could result in a reduction in our net revenues or a claim for substantial damages against us. In addition, a failure or inability to meet a contractual requirement could seriously damage our reputation and affect our ability to attract new business.
The services we provide are often critical to our customers’ businesses. Any failure in a customer’s system or breach of security relating to the services we provide to the customer could damage our reputation or result in a claim for substantial damages against us. Any significant failure of our equipment or systems, or any major disruption to basic infrastructure like power and telecommunications in the locations in which we operate, could impede our ability to provide services to our customers, have a negative impact on our reputation, cause us to lose customers, reduce our revenues and harm our business.
Under our contracts with our customers, our liability for breach of our obligations is in some cases limited to a certain percentage of contract price. Such limitations may be unenforceable or otherwise may not protect us from liability for damages. In addition, certain liabilities, such as claims of third parties for which we may be required to indemnify our customers, are generally not limited under our contracts. We currently do not have commercial general or public liability insurance. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial conditions and cash flows. Even if such assertions against us are unsuccessful, we may incur reputational harm and substantial legal fees.
20
The proper functioning of technology use is essential to our business, and any difficulty experienced by such system would materially and adversely affect us.
The products and services offered by us may not continue to be supported by third-party service providers on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Moreover, we may be subject to claims by third parties who maintain that the technology of the service providers of us infringes the third party’s intellectual property rights. Although the agreements between us and their third-party service providers often contain indemnities in favor of us with respect to these eventualities, we may not be indemnified for these claims or these entities may not be successful in obtaining indemnification to which they are entitled.
To the extent that the technologies and systems that we use to manage the daily operations of their business malfunction, these entities’ ability to operate their business, retain existing customers and attract new customers may be impaired. We may not be able to attract and retain sufficiently skilled and experienced professionals to operate and maintain these technologies and systems, and their current service offerings may not continue to be, and new service offerings may not be, supported by the applicable third-party service providers on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, any harm to the personal computers or other devices owned by the customers of us caused by the software owned by these entities, or other sources of harm, such as hackers or computer viruses, could have an adverse effect on the customer experience and our reputation.
We need to invest heavily on our technology in order to sustain or grow our business, and the uncertainties associated with the evolving customer needs and emerging industry standards create risks with respect to such investment. On one hand, the ongoing investment in technology may not generate the expected level of returns; on the other hand, any failure of us to adopt new technologies to adapt to such changing environment may materially and adversely impact our business.
Cyber-attacks and other security incidents, both real and perceived, impacting confidentiality and integrity of our information technology and digital infrastructure could lead to loss of reputation and financial obligations.
Considering the high business dependency on our information technology and digital infrastructure to interconnect offices, employee systems, partners and customers for day-to-day business operations, as well as our hosting of data and service delivery, any potential cyber event impacting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of this environment could lead to financial loss, disclosure of data, breaches of privacy or security, reputational and customer loss, and legal, regulatory and contractual obligations upon us that may directly impact us and our relationships with our customers and partners.
21
Given the rise of connected devices, transition to cloud and use of other emerging technologies, the impact of threats continues to increase while the threat attack area is evolving and increasing beyond the enterprise. Cybersecurity incidents, both actual and attempted, involving unauthorized access, malware, fraud, leakage, misuse/loss/tampering of personal and business data, denial of services exploiting weakness in the systems or programs, errors, omissions, deliberate or accidental act of our employees or former employees, partners, third-party business providers or other stakeholders both internal and external are on the rise. Our internal security controls may not be able to keep pace with these evolving and intensifying threats.
Breaches of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of confidential customer data could expose us, our customers or the affected parties to a risk of loss or misuse of this information. We could be subject to termination of contracts for non-compliance with our customer’s information security policies and procedures. If additional safeguards are required to comply with laws relating to privacy, security and data protection, our costs could increase further, which would negatively affect our results of operations. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer data, whether through breach of our computer systems, systems failure, loss or theft of assets containing confidential information or otherwise, could damage our reputation and cause us to lose customers.
Our property management company clients and the residents in the properties they manage use WeChat, a third-party social media platform, or WeChat mini program, a sub-application on the platform, for accessing the property management systems that we develop. If services of WeChat are limited, restricted, curtailed or degraded in any way or become unavailable for any reason, the access of our clients or the residents may be significantly impacted, as a result of which our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We help our property management clients to set up and integrate their property management systems with WeChat or WeChat mini programs to offer more convenient user experiences to the residents in their properties. We often design and integrate many of the service modules within the property management systems with WeChat, as it is one of the most popular App in the PRC. However, neither we or our clients have control over the operations or accessibilities of WeChat and WeChat mini program. WeChat or WeChat mini programs is not available, we could help our clients set up a webpage-based log-in interfaces for our clients and residents to access the property management system. Although we can create separate log-in profiles and interfaces for our clients and residents to access the WeChat-linked services via a separate web portal, or we can even create a separate set of web portals or webpage-based log-in interfaces for our clients to manage for certain services not linked to the WeChat mini programs, WeChat or WeChat mini-program offers convenience and better user experience, and are much more accessible to residents. In addition, in some cases, we have set up payment functions for property management companies to request utility or service fee payments from residents or to set up community e-store for selling certain food, drink or other items. Such transactions are often conducted through WeChat Pay, the mobile payment and digital wallet services offered by Tencent on WeChat. Any disruptions to WeChat’s accessibility will significantly curtail our clients and the residents’ access to WeChat Pay. If services or access to WeChat are limited, restricted, curtailed or degraded in any way or become unavailable for any reason or for extended periods of time, our business may be significantly impacted.
We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, we may lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing services.
Our success largely depends on our ability to use and develop our technology and services without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, including copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. We may be subject to litigation involving claims of violation of other intellectual property rights of third parties. We typically indemnify customers who purchase our services and solutions against potential infringement of intellectual property rights underlying our services and solutions, which subjects us to the risk of indemnification claims. The holders of other intellectual property rights potentially relevant to our service offerings may make it difficult for us to acquire a license on commercially acceptable terms. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our products and services that may give rise to potential infringement claims against us. There may also be technologies licensed to and relied on by us that are subject to infringement or other corresponding allegations or claims by third parties which may damage our ability to rely on such technologies. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or using technology involving the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention from our business. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, develop non-infringing technology, or re-brand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making, licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringement claims in certain instances. Any intellectual property claim or litigation in this area, whether we ultimately win or lose, could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
22
We may need additional capital and any failure by us to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to grow our business and develop or enhance our service offerings to respond to market demand or competitive challenges.
We believe that our current cash, cash flow from operations should be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:
| ● | investors’ perception of, and demand for, securities of technology services outsourcing companies; |
| ● | conditions of the U.S. and other capital markets in which we may seek to raise funds; and |
| ● | our future results of operations and financial condition. |
Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to grow our business and develop or enhance our product and service offerings to respond to market demand or competitive challenges.
Failure to adhere to regulations that govern our customers’ businesses could result in breaches of contracts with our customers. Failure to adhere to the regulations that govern our business could result in our being unable to effectively perform our services.
Our customers’ business operations are subject to certain rules and regulations. Our customers may contractually require that we perform our services in a manner that would enable them to comply with such rules and regulations. Failure to perform our services in such a manner could result in breaches of contract with our customers and, in some limited circumstances, civil fines and criminal penalties for us. In addition, we may be required under applicable laws and regulations to obtain and maintain permits and licenses to conduct our business. If we do not maintain our licenses or other qualifications to provide our services, we may not be able to provide services to existing customers or be able to attract new customers and could lose revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
23
We may incur losses resulting from business interruptions resulting from occurrence of natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks or events.
Our operational facilities may be damaged in natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, heavy rains, sand storms, tsunamis and cyclones, or other events such as fires. Such natural disasters or other events may lead to disruption of information systems and telephone service for sustained periods. Damage or destruction that interrupts our provision of outsourcing services could damage our relationships with our customers and may cause us to incur substantial additional expenses to repair or replace damaged equipment or facilities. We may also be liable to our customers for disruption in service resulting from such damage or destruction. Prolonged disruption of our services as a result of natural disasters or other events may also entitle our customers to terminate their contracts with us. We currently do not have insurance against business interruptions.
We may face difficulties in providing end-to-end business solutions for our customers that could cause customers to discontinue their work with us, which, in turn, could impact our business.
As we have increased the breadth of our service offerings, we have engaged in larger and more complex projects with our customers. This requires us to establish closer relationships with our customers and potentially with other technology service providers and vendors and to have a more thorough understanding of our customers’ operations. Our ability to establish such relationships will depend on a number of factors, including the proficiency of our IT professionals and our management personnel. Our failure to understand and successfully implement our customers’ requirements, the domain and country-specific laws and regulations which govern the products and services that we provide, or our failure to deliver services which meet the requirements specified by our customers could result in termination of customer contracts, reputational harm and/or imposition of penalties or the payment of damages. This may further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new contracts with current and prospective customers. Additionally, we may experience financial losses in contracts which are linked to our customers’ future business outcomes or based on assumptions which are not realized. We may also be subject to loss of customers due to dependence on alliance partners, subcontractors or third-party product vendors. In projects where we own the end-to-end delivery, we may incur penalties on work performed by our alliance partners, subcontractors or third-party product vendors if they do not meet contractual performance thresholds.
Larger projects may involve multiple engagements or stages, and there is a risk that a customer may choose not to retain us for subsequent stages or may cancel or delay subsequent planned engagements. Further, we may not be able to sell additional services to existing customers. We may also experience terminations, cancellations or delays as a result of the business or financial conditions of our customers or the economy generally, as opposed to factors related to the quality of our services. Such cancellations or delays make it difficult to plan for project resource requirements, and inaccuracies in such resource planning may have a negative impact on our profitability.
Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect us against losses.
We currently do not maintain professional liability insurance and property insurance coverage for certain of our facilities and equipment, and we do not have any loss of data or business interruption insurance coverage for our operations. If any claims for damage are brought against us, or if we experience any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster, we might incur substantial costs and diversion of resources.
24
We will likely not pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
Dividend policy is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors. There is no assurance that our board of directors will declare dividends even if we are profitable. Under BVI law and the Amended and Restated Articles, the directors of the Company may, by resolution of directors, authorise a distribution by way of dividend at such time at such amount as they think fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the distribution, the value of the Company’s assets will exceed its liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due. Similarly, dividends payable by a foreign investment entity to its Hong Kong investor who owns 25% or more of the equity of the foreign investment entity is subject to a withholding tax of 5%.
Ongoing geopolitical tensions around the world may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As a global business, we face risks associated with heightened tensions in geopolitical and economic relations. Rivalries and sanctions between major powers, including the United States and China, and unrest, terrorist threats, wars and other conflicts involving Ukraine, the Middle East and elsewhere have created increased global uncertainty. Such geopolitical tensions, along with trade disputes and regional conflicts, may result in economic instability, market volatility, and regulatory changes, which could impact our supply chain, operations, and consumer demand. Recently, the United States has proposed to impose multiple rounds of tariffs on a wide range of goods imported from multiple countries, including China, and China has responded with retaliatory tariffs. Since February 2025, the U.S. administration has proposed to increase the total tariff level for imported Chinese goods to 125% and additional tariff increase could be imposed as the trade tension between the two countries continues to heighten. On April 9, 2025, China has responded by hiking its levies on U.S. imports to 84% from 34%. Historically, tariffs have led to increased trade and political tensions, between the U.S. and China, as well as between the U.S. and other countries. Political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, cross-border investment, technological exchange, and other economic activities between major economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial and stock markets. Moreover, the heightened geopolitical uncertainty and potential for further escalation may discourage investments in securities issued by China-based issuers (including us) and affect the global macroeconomic environment. For example, it has been reported that the U.S. administration may consider imposing further restrictions or prohibitions on trading of Chinese securities. Although cross-border trade is not our principal business, any such geopolitical developments could materially and adversely affect our overall financial performance and prices of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
The bombing of Iran by Israel and the United States and the resulting and potentially escalating tensions in the region could feed uncertainty in the oil markets, which could impact prices for fuel, transportation, freight and other related items, impacting costs directly and indirectly leading to more inflation. In particular, if Iran seeks to close the Strait of Hormuz, oil prices could spike and the escalation of hostilities could have other consequences, which would materially adversely affect us given the location of our customers in Southeast Asia which is highly reliant on oil from Iran and other countries in the Middle East. In addition, the continuation or further escalation of this conflict, or the uncertainties involved with potential regime change, could create significant volatility in global capital markets or significantly disrupt the global economy, including disruptions of the global supply chain. In addition to inflation, there is a risk that the inflation and shortages of oil and gas could result in a recession. The occurrence of such events could materially adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.
Furthermore, such tensions may lead to consumer boycotts, increased security measures, and travel restrictions, all of which could negatively affect our ability to conduct business, maintain supply chain operations, and expand into new markets. Any restrictions on international trade and capital flows may have a negative impact on our ability to access capital, procure raw materials, and expand our operations. As a result, any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Separately, we may also be subject to review and enforcement under domestic and foreign laws that screen foreign investment and acquisitions. In both the U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may treat companies differently based on the type of company in question and investor profile in the company. As a result of these laws, investments by particular investors may need to be filed with local regulators, which in turn may impose added costs on our business, impact our operations, and/or limit our ability to engage in strategic transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us and our investors. These laws are also regularly changed and updated. For example, recently the Office of Investment Security of the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued a final rule (the “Outbound Investment Rule”) to implement the Executive Order 14105, which provided for the establishment of a new national security regulatory framework to control outbound investment from the United States in certain sensitive industry sectors in the People’s Republic of China, including Hong Kong and Macau. The Outbound Investment Rule took effect in January 2025 and restricts U.S. persons’ direct and indirect investment into companies with specified connections to China that engage in specified “Covered Activities” within three areas of technology: semiconductors and microelectronics, quantum information technologies, and artificial intelligence systems. Notably, President Trump issued the America First Trade Policy Memorandum on February 20, 2025, which proposes to further expand the set of technologies of concern. These rules may limit our ability to engage in certain kinds of business operations; they may also limit our ability to raise capital from U.S. and other sources if we engage in the development of such technologies of concern. Continuing changes in both U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions to foreign investment laws and rules could adversely affect our strategic initiatives, financial performance, and growth prospects.
25
Risks Related to Doing Business in the Jurisdictions in which Our Operating Subsidiaries Operate
Certain legal requirements shall be met for effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions against us or our management named in the prospectus based on Hong Kong or other foreign laws, and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions in mainland China may also be limited.
We are a BVI business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the BVI, we conduct substantially all of our operations in Hong Kong and the majority of our assets are located in Hong Kong. In addition, all of our senior executive officers reside within mainland China or Hong Kong for a significant portion of the time and many are PRC nationals. As a result, in order for our shareholders will be required to meet certain conditions under applicable PRC laws and regulations to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside mainland China. In addition, our PRC legal counsel has advised us that mainland China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the BVI and many other countries and regions. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in mainland China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.
Furthermore, shareholder claims that are common in the U.S., including securities law class actions and fraud claims, generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in mainland China. For example, in mainland China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside mainland China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. Although the local authorities in mainland China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory agencies of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory agencies in the U.S. have not been efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. According to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without the consent of the competent PRC securities regulatory agencies and relevant authorities, no organization or individual may provide the documents and materials relating to securities business activities to overseas parties. See “Risk Factors — Risks Associated with This Offering — You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under BVI law” for risks associated with investing in us as a BVI business company.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares may be delisted under the HFCA Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
The HFCA Act was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit such ordinary shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S. On December 23, 2022, the AHFCA Act was enacted, which amended the HFCA Act by requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three. As a result, the time period before our Ordinary Shares may be prohibited from trading or delisted has been reduced accordingly.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. A company will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the AHFCA Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCA Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCA Act, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (i) China, and (ii) Hong Kong.
Furthermore, various equity-based research organizations have recently published reports on China-based companies after examining their corporate governance practices, related party transactions, sales practices and financial statements, and these reports have led to special investigations and listing suspensions on U.S. national exchanges. Any similar scrutiny on us, regardless of its lack of merit, could cause the market price of our ordinary shares to fall, divert management resources and energy, cause us to incur expenses in defending ourselves against rumors, and increase the premiums we pay for director and officer insurance.
Our former auditor, HTL, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. HTL is headquartered in Houston, Texas, and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis. On June 20, 2025, we announced the appointment of GGF as our new independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements, effective June 19, 2025. GGF is an accounting firm based in the PRC that is registered with the PCAOB and is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. If in the future, the PCAOB concludes that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely our auditor, we and our investors would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections again. In addition, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our former and current auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.
26
The SEC may propose additional rules or guidance that could impact us if our auditors are not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, or the PWG, issued the Report on Protecting United States Investors from Significant Risks from Chinese Companies to the then President of the United States. This report recommended the SEC implement five recommendations to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfil its statutory mandate. Some of the concepts of these recommendations were implemented with the enactment of the HFCA Act. However, some of the recommendations were more stringent than the HFCA Act. For example, if a company’s auditor was not subject to PCAOB inspection, the report recommended that the transition period before a company would be delisted would end on January 1, 2022.
On August 26, 2022, the CSRC, the MOF, and PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol, (the “Protocol”), governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the Protocol, the PCAOB has independent discretion to select any issuer audits for inspection or investigation and has the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC. However, uncertainties still exist whether the framework will be fully complied, which could cause the market price of our ordinary shares to be materially and adversely affected, and our securities could be delisted and prohibited from being traded on the national securities exchange earlier than would be required by the HFCA Act. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our Ordinary Shares when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our Ordinary Shares. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report (the “2021 Determination”) which determined that the PCAOB (1) is able to select engagements, audit areas, and potential violations to be reviewed or investigated, (2) has timely access to, and the ability to retain and use, any document or information that the PCAOB considers relevant to an inspection or investigation, and (3) is able to conduct inspections and investigations in a manner consistent with the provisions of the Act and the rules of the PCAOB, as interpreted and applied by the PCAOB. Consequently, the PCAOB concluded that in the absence of any evidence that authorities in the PRC currently are taking any positions to impair the PCAOB’s ability to execute its statutory mandate with respect to inspections or investigations, the HFCA Act dictates that the PCAOB vacate the 2021 Determinations. As required by the HFCA Act, if in the future the PCAOB determines it no longer can inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in the PRC, the PCAOB will act expeditiously to consider whether the PCAOB should issue a new determination.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under BVI law.
We are a BVI business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the BVI. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, the BVI Act, and the common law of the BVI. The rights of shareholders to take actions against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under BVI law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the BVI. The common law of the BVI is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BVI as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the BVI. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under BVI law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the U.S. In particular, the BVI has a less developed body of securities laws than the U.S. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the BVI. In addition, BVI companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the U.S.
Shareholders of a BVI company could, however, bring a derivative action in the BVI courts, and there is a clear statutory right to commence such derivative claims under Section 184C of the BVI Act. The circumstances in which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights of shareholders of a BVI company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly, shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The BVI courts are also unlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the BVI, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature. There is no statutory recognition in the BVI of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the BVI will generally recognize and enforce the non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. The BVI Act offers some limited protection of minority shareholders. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may apply to the BVI court for an order directing the company or its director(s) to comply with, or restraining the company or a director from engaging in conduct that contravenes, the BVI Act. Under the BVI Act, the minority shareholders have a statutory right to bring a derivative action in the name of and on behalf of the company in circumstances where a company has a cause of action against its directors. This remedy is available at the discretion of the BVI court. A shareholder may also bring an action against the company for breach of duty owed to him as a shareholder. A shareholder who considers that the affairs of the company have been, are being or likely to be, conducted in a manner that is, or any act or acts of the company have been, or are, likely to be oppressive, unfairly discriminatory, or unfairly prejudicial to him in that capacity, may apply to the BVI court for an order to remedy the situation.
There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English common law. Under the general rule pursuant to English common law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse to interfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairs by the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to BVI law and the constituent documents of the company. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law, then the courts may grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are the following: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts that constitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe or are about to infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right to vote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a special or extraordinary majority of shareholders. This means that even if shareholders were to sue us successfully, they may not be able to recover anything to make up for the losses suffered.
27
Under the laws of the BVI, the rights of minority shareholders are protected by provisions of the BVI Act dealing with shareholder remedies and other remedies available under common law (in tort or contractual remedies). The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constitutional documents of the company (i.e. the memorandum and articles of association) as shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordance with the BVI Act and the memorandum and articles of association of the company. A shareholder may also bring an action under statute if he feels that the affairs of the company have been or will be carried out in a manner that is unfairly prejudicial or discriminating or oppressive to him. The BVI Act also provides for certain other protections for minority shareholders, including in respect of investigation of the company and inspection of the company books and records. There are also common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English common law, since the common law of the BVI for business companies is limited.
As a BVI business company incorporated in the BVI, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.
As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulties in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the U.S.
Hong Kong’s legal system is evolving and has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protection available to you.
The Hong Kong legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to you and us. As one of the conditions for the handover of the sovereignty of Hong Kong to the PRC, the PRC had to accept some conditions such as Hong Kong’s Basic Law before its return. The Basic Law ensured Hong Kong will retain its own currency (the Hong Kong Dollar), legal system, parliamentary system and people’s rights and freedom for 50 years from 1997. This agreement gave Hong Kong the freedom to function in a high degree of autonomy. The Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong is responsible for its own domestic affairs including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, and currencies. Hong Kong continues using the English common law system.
Some international observers and human rights organizations have expressed doubts about the future of the relative political freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong and the PRC’s pledge to allow a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong. On July 14, 2020, the U.S. signed an executive order to end the special status enjoyed by Hong Kong post-1997. As the autonomy currently enjoyed may be compromised, it could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may, in turn, bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. If the PRC were to, in fact, renege on its agreement to allow Hong Kong to function autonomously, this could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the U.S. or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.
On March 23, 2024, the Hong Kong government enacted the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance (“SNSO”), which is a domestic security legislation to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law, to prohibit four types of offenses, including secession, subversion, terrorist activities and collusion with a foreign country or with external elements to endanger national security, as well as other offences relating to the endangering of national security, which has been considered as having further significantly undermined the autonomy of Hong Kong. It is difficult for us to predict the degree of adverse impact of the legislation of the SNSO on Hong Kong or our business in Hong Kong. However, in any event, since all of our operations are based in Hong Kong, any change of the political arrangements between Hong Kong and the PRC may pose an adverse impact to the stability of the economy in Hong Kong, thereby directly and adversely affecting our results of operations and financial positions. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the pre-emption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.
28
We may become subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and data security, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors (“M&A Rules”), adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, require an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through the acquisition of domestic companies in mainland China and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) prior to listing on an overseas stock exchange. On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Regulations of the State Council Concerning the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (“Draft Administrative Regulations”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (“Draft Filing Measures”), together referred to as the “Draft Rules on Overseas Listing”, for public comment. Additionally, the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, published on December 28, 2021 and effective February 15, 2022, require that any “operator of critical information infrastructure” or any “data processor” holding personal information of at least one million users seeking to list on a foreign stock exchange must undergo a cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”). On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures and report relevant information to the CSRC; any failure to comply with such filling procedures may result in administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, and fines. As a supplement to the Trial Measures, the CSRC published the revised Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. These provisions state that in the overseas listing activities of domestic companies, domestic companies, as well as securities companies and securities service institutions providing relevant securities services thereof, should establish a sound system of confidentiality and archival work, shall not disclose state secrets, or harm the state and public interests.
Because substantially all of our operations are in mainland China historically, and we expect to generate revenue from China in the future through our operating subsidiary based in Hong Kong, there is no assurance that we will be able to comply with all applicable PRC laws and regulations, or that the PRC government will not intervene in our operations or offerings. Any such developments could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and the value of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
U.S. regulatory agencies’ ability to conduct investigations or enforce rules in mainland China is limited.
All of our operations are conducted outside of the U.S. As a result, it may not be possible for the U.S. regulatory agencies to conduct investigations or inspections, or to effect service of process within the U.S. or elsewhere outside mainland China on us, our subsidiaries, officers, directors and shareholders, and others, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal or state securities laws. Mainland China does not have treaties providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the U.S. and many other countries. As a result, recognition and enforcement in mainland China of these judgments in relation to any matter, including U.S. securities laws and the laws of the BVI, may be difficult or impossible.
29
Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares
You may experience dilution to the extent that our Class A Ordinary Shares are issued upon the exercise of outstanding convertible notes, warrants or other securities that we may issue in the future.
You may experience dilution to the extent that our Class A Ordinary Shares are issued upon the conversion of our convertible notes and exercise of our outstanding warrants, and if we issue additional equity securities, or there are any issuances and subsequent exercises of stock options issued in the future. In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that additional Class A Ordinary Shares are issued upon the Securities Purchase Agreement and exercise of outstanding options we may grant from time to time.
Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market could cause the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline.
Sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline. As of the date of this prospectus, we have 22,621,530 Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 18, 2025, entered into between us and the Selling Shareholder, we agreed to sell and issue up to US$1.5 million in face value of convertible notes to the Selling Shareholder to purchase a certain number of Class A Ordinary Shares. As a result, there may be substantial future sales or the perception of potential sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder in the public market following the effectiveness of each resale registration statement. Such actual or anticipated sales could put downward pressure on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
The Selling Shareholder may acquire their Class A Ordinary Shares at a price that is less than the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares in the future, may earn a positive rate of return even if the price of the Class A Ordinary Shares declines and may be willing to sell their Class A Ordinary Shares at a price less than shareholders that acquired Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market.
The Selling Shareholder may purchase their respective Class A Ordinary Shares at prices lower than the market prices in the future and may therefore experience a positive rate of return on their investment, even if our public shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. As a result, the Selling Shareholder is able to recognize a greater return on their investment than shareholders that acquired Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and in connection with this offering, up to 114,503,817 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Convertible Note may be issued with the conversion price per share equal to the lower of US$0.4327 or 93% of the lowest daily VWAP in the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion date, subject to the Floor Price. Furthermore, the Selling Shareholder may earn a positive rate of return even if the price of the Class A Ordinary Shares declines significantly. As a result, the Selling Shareholder may be willing to sell their shares at a price less than shareholders that acquired their Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market or at higher prices than the price paid by such Selling Shareholder, the sale of which would result in the Selling Shareholder realizing a significant gain even if other MASK shareholders experience a negative rate of return.
The conversion of the Convertible Note or future sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares may further dilute our securities and adversely impact the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
As of the date of this prospectus, approximately 12,621,530 of our Class A Ordinary Shares as unrestricted and freely tradable. Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, up to an additional 114,503,817 Class A Ordinary Shares will be unrestricted and freely tradeable. If the holders of our free trading shares wanted to make a profit on their investment (or if they wish to sell for a loss), there might not be enough purchasers to maintain the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the date of such sales. Any such sales, or the fear of such sales, could substantially decrease the market price of our common shares and the value of your investment.
30
Sales of shares issuable upon the conversion of the Convertible Note and the effectiveness of our registration statement may cause the market price of our shares to decline.
Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and in connection with this offering, up to 114,503,817 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Convertible Note may be issued with the conversion price per share equal to the lower of US$0.4327 or 93% of the lowest daily VWAP in the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. The sale of our Class A Ordinary Shares upon the conversion, exercise or the sale of a significant amount of the Class A Ordinary Shares issued or issuable in the open market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline or become highly volatile.
We may have to pay damages to the Selling Shareholder, which will impact our cash flows.
Under the terms of our Securities Purchase Agreement entered into with the Selling Shareholder, if we fail to comply with certain provisions set forth in the agreement, including covenants requiring that we maintain the effectiveness of the registration statements registering these securities, then we will be required to pay damages to the Selling Shareholder. There can be no assurance that the registration statements will remain effective for the time periods necessary to avoid payment of damages. If we are required to pay the Selling Shareholder damages, this could materially harm our business and future prospects.
Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial.
The shares authorized to be issued by the Company consist of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares. Each Class A Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to one vote at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders. Each Class B Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders. Holders of Class B Ordinary Shares shall not receive the right to any dividend paid by the Company and shall not receive the right to any distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation. We will issue Class A Ordinary Shares in this offering. Our Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Share cannot be converted into each other at any time. Holders of Class B Ordinary Shares may have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Such holders may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. Our directors have significant discretion to issue Class B Ordinary Shares as they think fit. This significant discretion afforded to our Board may limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial, and may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.
As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. We are an emerging growth company until the earliest of:
| ● | the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; |
| ● | the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of this offering; |
| ● | the date on which we have, during the previous three (3)-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or |
| ● | the date on which we are deemed a “large accelerated issuer” as defined under the federal securities laws. |
For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for up to five fiscal years after the date of this offering. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A Ordinary Shares and the trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares may be more volatile. In addition, our costs of operating as a public company may increase when we cease to be an emerging growth company.
31
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements, all of which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by the use of words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this prospectus. These statements are likely to address our growth strategy, financial results and product and development programs. You must carefully consider any such statements and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements. These factors may include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are known and some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
| ● | future financial and operating results, including revenues, income, expenditures, cash balances and other financial items |
| ● | our ability to execute our growth, expansion and acquisition strategies, including our ability to meet our goals; |
| ● | current and future economic and political conditions; |
| ● | our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services and the products and services we assist the distributions of; |
| ● | our expectations regarding our customer base; |
| ● | our ability to procure the applicable regulatory licenses in the relevant jurisdictions that we operate in; |
| ● | competition in our industry; |
| ● | relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry; |
| ● | our capital requirements and our ability to raise any additional financing which we may require; |
| ● | our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and secure the right to use other intellectual property that we deem to be essential or desirable to the conduct of our business; |
| ● | our ability to hire and retain qualified management personnel and key employees in order to enable us to develop our business; |
32
| ● | overall industry and market performance; and |
| ● | other assumptions described in this prospectus underlying or relating to any forward-looking statements. |
We describe material risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could affect our business, including our financial conditions and results of operations, under “Risk Factors.” We base our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should be careful about relying on any forward-looking statements. Except as required under the federal securities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements after the distribution of this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.
Industry Data and Forecasts
This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The core industries in Hong Kong and greater Asia where we operate (including event and hospitality, software development and new energy industries) may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this industry to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition, the new and rapidly changing nature of the industries results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our industry. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
33
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated in the BVI to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a BVI business company, such as:
| ● | political and economic stability; |
| ● | an effective judicial system; |
| ● | a favorable tax system; |
| ● | the absence of exchange controls or currency restrictions; and |
| ● | the availability of professional and support services. |
However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the BVI. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to:
| ● | the BVI has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors as compared to the United States; and |
| ● | BVI companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. |
Our Amended and Restated Articles do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.
Substantially all of our assets are located in Hong Kong. In addition, all our directors and officers are nationals or residents of PRC and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
We have appointed Cogency Global as our agent to receive service of process upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Harney Westwood & Riegels, our BVI counsel, and Shanghai Skylight Law Firm, our PRC counsel, have advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the BVI or PRC would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or (ii) entertain original actions brought in the BVI or PRC against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
34
We have been advised by Harney Westwood & Riegels that although there is no statutory enforcement in the BVI of judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States (and the BVI are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), the BVI court will at common law enforce final and conclusive in personam judgments of state and/or federal courts of the United States of America (the Foreign Court) which had jurisdiction to give the judgment of a debt or definite sum of money against the Company (other than a sum of money payable in respect of taxes, penalties or fines, where the judgment was obtained by fraud or where enforcement would be contrary to public policy). The BVI court can also at common law enforce final and conclusive in personam judgments of the Foreign Court that are non-monetary against the Company. The BVI court will exercise its discretion in the enforcement of non-money judgments by having regard to the circumstances, such as considering if the judgment creditor has a foreign judgment based on a cause of action recognised under BVI law, can establish that the BVI court has jurisdiction over the judgment debtor and whether the principles of comity apply. To be treated as final and conclusive, any relevant judgment must be regarded as res judicata by the Foreign Court. A debt claim on a foreign judgment must be brought within 12 years of the judgment becoming enforceable and arrears of interest on a judgment debt cannot be recovered after 6 years from the date on which the interest was due. The courts of the BVI are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the Foreign Court under civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities law if such a judgment is found by the courts of the BVI to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. A court of the BVI may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere. A judgment entered in default of appearance by a defendant who has had notice of the Foreign Court’s intention to proceed may be final and conclusive notwithstanding that the Foreign Court has power to set aside its own judgment and despite the fact that it may be subject to an appeal the time-limit for which has not yet expired. The BVI court may safeguard the defendant’s rights by granting a stay of execution pending any such appeal and may also grant interim injunctive relief as appropriate for the purpose of enforcement.
The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedure Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedure Law based either on application, treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. Under PRC law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment or ruling against us or our directors and officers if (i) the foreign court has no jurisdiction over the case pursuant to the provisions of Article 301 of the PRC Civil Procedure Law, (ii) the respondent has not been legitimately summoned, or the respondent has been legitimately summoned but has not been given a reasonable opportunity to make a representation and debate, or the litigant without litigation capacity has not been assigned appropriate agent; (iii) the judgment or ruling is obtained by fraud; (iv) the people’s court has made a judgment or ruling on the same dispute, or has recognized the judgment or ruling made by a court of a third country for the same dispute; or (v) the judgment or ruling violates the basic principles of PRC law or harms the national sovereignty, security or public interest. As there currently exists no bilateral treaty, international convention or other form of reciprocity between China and the United States governing the recognition of judgments, including those predicated upon the liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the U.S.
35
Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against us in the PRC, if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. However, it will be difficult for foreign shareholders to establish sufficient nexus to the PRC by virtue only of holding our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Charles Wilson LLP has further advised us that foreign judgments of United States courts will not be directly enforced in Hong Kong as there are currently no treaties or other arrangements providing for reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments between Hong Kong and the United States and the statutory registration scheme under the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance (Chapter 319 of the laws of Hong Kong) does not apply to judgments of the United States. However, a judgment of a court in the United States predicated upon U.S. federal or state securities laws may be enforced in Hong Kong at common law by bringing an action in a Hong Kong court on that judgment for the amount due thereunder and then, if contested, seeking summary judgment on the strength of the foreign judgment, provided that the foreign judgment, among other things, is (1) for a debt or a definite sum of money (not being taxes or similar charges to a foreign government taxing authority or a fine or other penalty), and (2) final and conclusive, but not otherwise. Such a judgment may not, in any event, be so enforced in Hong Kong if, for instance, (a) it was obtained by fraud, (b) the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were opposed to natural justice, (c) its enforcement or recognition would be contrary to the public policy of Hong Kong, or (d) the court of the United States was not jurisdictionally competent.
For enforcement of a judgment of mainland China courts in civil and commercial matters (“Mainland judgment”) in Hong Kong, it is governed by a separate regime. With effect from January 29, 2024, the registration of a Mainland judgment in Hong Kong is subject to various requirements under the Mainland Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance (Chapter 645 of the laws of Hong Kong) (the “MJREO”) with certain exclusions, one of which is a judgment given pursuant to “choice of court agreements” made before January 29, 2024 (which shall be governed by the Mainland Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance (Chapter 597 of the laws of Hong Kong)). Under the MJREO, subject to certain exclusions, a Mainland judgment is registrable in Hong Kong if, inter alia, (i) the judgment was given on or after January 29, 2024; (ii) the nature of proceedings in which the judgment was given is civil or commercial in nature under PRC law (or criminal in nature under PRC law and the judgment contains an order for the payment of money in respect of compensation or damages by a party to the proceedings); (iii) the other party has defaulted in complying with the Mainland judgment’s requirement within two years prior to the application for registration; and (iv) the judgment is effective in the Mainland and is not subject to appeal. The registration of such a Mainland judgment in Hong Kong may however be set aside on various grounds, including but not limited to, that the judgment was obtained by fraud, the enforcement of the judgment is manifestly incompatible with public policy, or a requirement for registration has not been complied with. For a Mainland judgment in Hong Kong given pursuant to “choice of court agreements” made before January 29, 2024, its registration in Hong Kong is subject to various requirements under the Mainland Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance (Chapter 597 of the laws of Hong Kong), including but not limited to, that the judgment is final and conclusive as between the parties to the judgment, the judgment is enforceable in mainland China, and the judgment orders the payment of a sum of money (not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature of in respect of a fine or other penalty). The registration of such a Mainland judgment in Hong Kong may however be set aside on various grounds, including but not limited to, that the judgment was obtained by fraud, or the enforcement of the judgment is contrary to public policy.
36
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Shareholder. As of the date hereof, we received US$1,380,000 from the Selling Shareholder under the Securities Purchase Agreement for the issuance of the Convertible Note in the initial principal amount of $1,500,000. We may receive an additional $460,000 in gross proceeds and issue the remaining $500,000 of principal of the Note upon effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject to certain additional terms and conditions. These proceeds will be used for general corporate and working capital or other purposes that our board of directors deems to be in our best interest. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty the particular use for the net proceeds we may receive. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds, if any.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Subject to the BVI Act and our Amended and Restated Articles, our board of directors may authorize and declare a distribution by way of dividend to shareholders at such time and of such an amount as they think fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that immediately after the distribution, the value of our assets will exceed our liabilities and we will be able to pay our debts as they become due. There is no further BVI statutory restriction on the amount of funds which may be distributed by us as dividends.
We have not previously declared or paid cash dividends and we have no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future on our shares. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.
We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments.
If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our Hong Kong and PRC subsidiaries.
We are a BVI business company incorporated in the BVI. We rely principally on dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders.
Cash dividends, if any, on our Class A Ordinary Shares will be paid in U.S. dollars.
Under the applicable laws and regulations in relation to taxation in Hong Kong, no withholding tax is levied in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by HK 3e Network to its shareholder(s). See “Taxation — Hong Kong Profits Taxation.”
37
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2025:
| ● | on an actual basis; |
| ● | on an as adjusted basis to reflect the disposal of two subsidiaries in March 2025 as disclosed in the Company’s Form 6-K filed on March 2025; and
| |
| ● | on an as adjusted basis to reflect the disposal of the subsidiary in December 2025. |
You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
| June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| Actual | Pro Forma As adjusted(1) | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Shares (par value $0.0001 per share; 400,000,000 shares authorized; 11,250,000 and 10,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively)(1) | 1,125 | 1,125 | ||||||
| Class B Ordinary Shares (par value $0.0001 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 580,000 and nil issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively)(1) | 58 | 58 | ||||||
| Shares subscription receivable | - | - | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 2,050,003 | 2,050,003 | ||||||
| Statutory reserve | - | - | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 3,336,442 | 3,336,442 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | (33,883 | ) | (33,883 | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 5,353,745 | 5,353,745 | ||||||
| (1) | On December 25, 2025, HK 3e Network sold the remaining 40% equity interest in Guangzhou Sanyi Network, and as a result, was no longer the shareholder of Guangzhou Sanyi Network. |
38
CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
Our Corporate History
3e Network was incorporated on October 6, 2021 under the laws of the BVI. We own all of the issued and outstanding shares of BVI 3e Holdings, which owns all the issued and outstanding capital stock of HK 3e Network.
Guangzhou Sanyi Network was established by Guangzhou Leihou Software Development Company Limited as a PRC limited liability company on August 1, 2017. On September 30, 2018 Guangzhou Leihou Software Development Company Limited entered into a sell and purchase agreement whereby HK 3e Network agreed to acquire 100% of Guangzhou Sanyi Network from Guangzhou Leihou Software Development Company Limited for a consideration of RMB10,000 (approximately US$1,456). The share sale was completed and registered with the relevant authorities in the PRC on November 13, 2018.
Guangzhou 3E Network was established by HK 3e Network as PRC limited liability company on January 17, 2023. It was established as a subsidiary to focus on our emerging business in developing software products for photovoltaic power plants, while Guangzhou Sanyi Network continues to focus on our other main business lines.
On September 30, 2018, HK 3e Network entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Guangzhou Leihou Software Development Company Limited to purchase all of the latter’s shares in Guangzhou Sanyi Network. Pursuant to the agreement, HK 3e Network paid RMB10,000 (approximately US$1,456) for 100% shares of Guangzhou Sanyi Network. After this share transfer Guangzhou Sanyi Network became a wholly-owned subsidiary of HK 3e Network.
On January 3, 2024, the Company filed the Amended and Restated Articles with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs of BVI to amend the maximum number of shares that we are authorized to issue from 50,000 Ordinary Shares, par value US$1 per share, to 500,000,000 shares with a par value of USD 0.0001 each, comprising i) 400,000,000 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, par value USD 0.0001 per share and ii) 100,000,000 shares of Class B Ordinary Shares, par value USD 0.0001 per share. Simultaneously, the Company effectuated a share split of all issued and outstanding shares at a ratio of 1-for-10,000, and re-designated and re-classified all then issued and outstanding ordinary shares into Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a ratio of 1-for-1.
On January 10, 2025, the Company closed its initial public offering of 1,250,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share.
On January 24, 2025, the Company adopted written resolutions and approved the issuance of 300,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Niu Jianping and 280,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Zhu Huabei, with a par value of USD0.0001 per share, with such amounts to be paid in cash. Each of Niu Jianping and Zhu Huabei is an employee of the Company. Pursuant to the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles, holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares shall not receive the right to any dividend paid by the Company and shall not receive the right to any distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation, and may not convert their Class B Ordinary Shares into shares of any other class. Each Class B Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders.
In March 2025, HK 3e Network entered into two equity transfer agreements with HongKong Techfaith Limited (“Techfaith”) and sold to Techfaith (i) 60% of equity interest of Guangzhou Sanyi Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB6,204,000 in cash; and (ii) 100% of equity interest of Guangzhou 3E Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB1,390,000 in cash. On December 25, 2025, HK 3e Network sold to Techfaith the remaining 40% of equity interest of Guangzhou Sanyi Network for a total consideration of approximately RMB5,300,000 in cash. These sales reflect our broader strategy to reallocate resources toward expanding its overseas operations, particularly in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Following the completion of these transactions, we have disposed of all of our subsidiaries in mainland China and no longer conduct any business in mainland China.
On June 9, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which the Company issued 1,248,611 pre-delivery shares, and pre-funded warrants to purchase an additional 213,389 pre-delivery shares.
On October 17, 2025, the Company entered into the securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue a convertible promissory note convertible into up to 44,694,292 of Class A Ordinary Shares.
39
Corporate Structure
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus:
Name |
Background |
Ownership |
Principal activities | |||
| 3e Network Technology Holdings Limited (“BVI 3e Holdings”) | ● A BVI company ● Incorporated on October 8, 2018 |
Currently 100% owned by 3 E Network Technology Group Limited, a BVI company controlled by Joseph Shu Sang Law | Investment holding | |||
| 3e Network Technology Company Limited (“HK 3e Network”) | ● A Hong Kong company ● Incorporated on August 30, 2018 |
100% owned by BVI 3e Holdings | Investment holding; Sales & Marketing | |||
Maskmeta Limited
|
● A Hong Kong company ● Incorporated on February 25, 2025 |
100% owned by BVI 3e Holdings | Investment holding; Sales & Marketing
|
40
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information in this report contains forward-looking statements. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth elsewhere in this report.
Business Overview
We are a business-to-business (“B2B”) information technology (“IT”) business solutions provider. Historically, through our two PRC subsidiaries, Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, we started as a business that focuses on integrated software and hardware solutions in the property management and exhibition services spaces. Overtime, we expanded our software solutions offering to a variety of industries and sectors, including food establishments, real estate, exhibition & conferencing, and clean energy utilities. Following the sale of our interests in the PRC subsidiaries in March 2025 and December 2025, our current business operations are conducted our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network, which continues to develop and provide software solutions across these sectors.
Our business mainly came from software development portfolio. The proportion of revenue was 99.25% and 100% for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively.
We also conducted exhibition and conference services, as well as hardware sales, which generated 1.4% and nil for the year ended June 30, 2023, 0.74% and 0.01% for the year ended June 30, 2024, and nil and nil for the year ended June 30, 2025, respectively. We no longer conduct exhibition and conference services in the year ended June 30, 2025, as part of a strategic decision to focus resources on our core software development and overseas business expansion initiatives.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted by the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and any related disclosures. In each case, the determination of these items requires management judgements based on information and financial data that may change in future periods. When reviewing our financial information, you should consider: (i) our selection of accounting policies; and (ii) the results to changes in conditions and assumptions.
We believe that the following accounting policies involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and require us to make significant accounting estimates. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Use of estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of this consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant accounting estimates reflected in our consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to estimates and judgments applied in determination of allowance for doubtful receivables, impairment losses for long-lived assets and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.
41
Discontinued Operation
A discontinued operation may include a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity, or a business or non-profit activity. A disposal of a component of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operation if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: (1) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; (2) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of by sale; (3) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale (for example, by abandonment or in ad distribution to owners in a spinoff).
For the component disposed of other than by sale in accordance with paragraph 360-10-45-15, the Company adopted ASC Topic 205-20-45-3 and reported the results of operations of the discontinued operations, less applicable income tax expenses or benefits as a separate component in the statement where net income (loss) is reported for current and all prior periods presented.
Based on a strategic plan, the Company sold Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network pursuant to an Equity Transfer Agreement made upon Hongkong Techfaith Limited. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, the operation of Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network was classified as a discontinued operation. For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the operation of Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network was presented in discontinued operations.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation in order to reflect the discontinued operations of Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network. None of the ese reclassifications had an impact on reported financial position or cash flows for any of the period presented
Revenue recognition
3e Network applied ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) for all periods presented. The five-step model defined by ASC 606 requires the Company to (1) identify its contracts with customers, (2) identify its performance obligations under those contracts, (3) determine the transaction prices of those contracts, (4) allocate the transaction prices to its performance obligations in those contracts and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation under those contracts is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when contracted goods or services are transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient in paragraph ASC 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have an original expected duration of one year or less.
We elected a practical expedient that it does not adjust the contract consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects that, upon the inception of revenue contracts, the period between when the Company transfers its contracted services or deliverables to its customers and when the customer pay for those services or deliverables will be one year or less.
As a practical expedient, the Company elected to expense the incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.
We are a B2B IT business solutions provider. Started as a business that focuses on integrated software solutions in the property management and exhibition services spaces, we have expanded our software solution offering to reach across a variety of industries and sectors, including food establishments, real estate, exhibition & conferencing, and clean energy utilities. Our revenue streams include software development services, exhibition and conference software sales, and exhibition and conference hardware sales.
Software development services
As an IT business solution provider, we take pride in our technical acumen in delivering software solutions for our business customers. The key pillar of our growth story and the primary engine of our growth is the development of custom software solutions for our customers.
The Company enters into a distinct contract with its customer for the provision of software development services. The revenue generated from software development services is generally on a fixed price basis. Customers can choose to buy a basic version with minimal alterations or customize additional functions to suit their needs.
42
Revenue from software development services contracts requires the Company to design a software system based on clients’ specifications or provide them with standard software. The contract covenants include (1) developing software according to client specifications, (2) testing and deployment of software, (3) delivering software (including but not limited to source code, etc.) to clients, (4) providing training on the use of the software and (5) option to purchase warranty. The required work period is generally less than one year. Upon delivery of the services, customer acceptance is generally required. In the same contract, we provide a twelve-month free warranty after the customized application is delivered. This warranty is an assurance-type warranty, so we do not consider it a separate performance obligation. The costs to us of fulfilling our obligation under the warranty clause have been immaterial.
Covenants (1), (2) and (3) are interrelated and cannot be separated or differentiated, because testing and deployment and delivery of software cannot be benefited on their own or with other readily available resources, except with the developed software. Covenants (4) and (5) identified in the customized software development contract are immaterial when considering both the qualitative and quantitative factors of these performance obligations. Therefore, the Company concludes that we should combine all of the services in a software service contract into a single performance obligation. The single performance obligation identified is to develop, test and deploy, and deliver the software according to client specifications. We recognize revenue for the delivery of customized software development service at a point in time when the system is delivered to the client for acceptance testing and the acceptance report is signed, which represents the point in time that the performance obligation of the contract is satisfied and the ownership control of the software is transferred to the client.
Differences between the timing of billings and the recognition of revenues are recorded as advance from customers which is classified as current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. When the right to payment becomes unconditional, the amount due from the customer under the contract, net of the related advances from the customer, is recorded as accounts receivables.
Costs incurred in advance of revenue recognition arising from direct and incremental staff costs in respect of services provided under the contracts according to the customer’s requirements prior to the delivery of services are recorded as deferred contract costs which is included in the prepayments, deposits and other assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Such deferred contract costs are recognized upon the recognition of the related revenues.
We work closely with the customers to analyze their software requirements, develop system specifications with them, and start coding and testing once we reach a conclusion on the specifications. The completed software system will then be delivered to customers for testing before their final acceptance. Our software solutions serve a variety of industries and sectors, including in restaurant management, property management, exhibit and conferencing services, and solar power stations.
For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, our main products under our custom software solutions offering include software products developed for property management companies, restaurant management, intelligent music generation, and highway monitoring and control. Customers can choose to buy a basic version with minimal alterations or customize additional functions to suit their needs. We plan to significantly expand the number of customers we serve to diversify our customer base and grow our revenues. Revenues from a new customer often rise quickly over the first several years following our initial engagement as we expand the services that we provide to that customer. Therefore, obtaining new customers is important for us to achieve rapid revenue growth.
As a young company with limited operating history and limited customer base, we are constantly looking for opportunities to develop new customers and expand into new business areas. The solar energy sector, for example, is an area with significant government support and business opportunities. For example, in 2022, after studying the potential of the market for management system used by solar energy power plants, the Company decided to develop a management software for distributed photovoltaic power plants with designed power generation capacity under 10 megawatts or management companies that manage distributed solar power plants of that size. Our designed system allows management to access it via a mobile device or a PC to monitor power plants in single or multiple locations. The program provides functions ranging from equipment fault alerts, repair and maintenance, power generation monitoring, push notifications, to asset recording.
43
Exhibition and conference services
We provide materials and hardware such as gates, card readers, visitor tags, and health code readers and personnel required to operate the hardware to exhibition and conference organizer in exhibition and conference services. The service is to provide an entrance system for the exhibition and conference to record and monitor its visitors and participants. The pricing of the service is usually determined with a markup based on the cost of materials, hardware and labor cost. The contract is generally for a fixed period covering the set-up time and the exhibition or conference period. There are no warranties provided for this service.
We have a relatively small number of customers for our exhibition and conference services. Our ability to maintain close relationships with major customers is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. However, the volume of work performed for a specific customer is likely to vary from year to year, especially since we are generally not our customers’ exclusive IT business solution provider, and we do not have long-term commitments from any of our customers to purchase our services. In addition, our reliance on any individual customer for a significant portion of our revenues may give that customer a certain degree of pricing leverage against us when negotiating contracts and terms of service. A number of factors other than our performance could also cause the loss of or reduction in business or revenues from a customer, and these factors are not predictable. These factors may include corporate restructuring, pricing pressure, changes to its outsourcing strategy, customers’ decision to switch to another service provider.
For this type of service, it involves a series of interrelated tasks that cannot be separated or differentiated, because the goal of the clients is to have a usable system for the exhibition and conference. Therefore, we recognize a single performance obligation to provide the complete service to the client during the contract period. The ownership control of the service is transferred to the client at a point in time when the complete service is provided to the client, as the client can only be benefit when the complete service is provided. Thus, the revenue is recognized at a point in time when the provision of service is completed.
This type of income was only generated by Guangzhou Sanyi Network. As the Group sold 100% equity of Guangzhou Sanyi Network, this type of income was reclassified to income from discontinued operations.
44
Hardware sales
We sell hardware such as gates, facial recognition gate control units and card readers to our customers. The hardware is generally used by our customers along with the software developed by us. The hardware can be provided with or without installation services, although we provide both hardware deliveries and installation services. For this type of revenue, the installation service is relatively immaterial compared to the hardware sales as it is usually free of charge and is only an add-on process to make the hardware operable. The single performance obligation identified is the provision of hardware to the customers. Revenue is recognized when the customer has confirmed the receipt of the hardware, which is the point in time that the ownership control of the product is transferred to the customer and the performance obligation is satisfied.
This type of income was only generated by Guangzhou Sanyi Network. As the Group sold 100% equity of Guangzhou Sanyi Network, this type of income was reclassified to income from discontinued operations.
Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses
Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value. An allowance for credit losses is recorded in the period when loss is probable. We determine the adequacy of a reserve for credit losses based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. We establish a provision for credit losses when there is objective evidence that we may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on management’s best estimates of specific losses on individual customer exposures, as well as the historical trends of collections. Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for credit losses after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. We regularly review the adequacy and appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses.
Income taxes
We account for current income taxes in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized, when it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) provides that an emerging growth company (“EGC”) as defined therein can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an EGC to delay adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have adopted the extended transition period.
For detailed discussion on recent accounting pronouncements, please see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, included elsewhere in this form.
45
Seasonality and customer concentration
There is no seasonality in our business operations throughout the year. Our customer base for software development services tends to vary from one year to another, as each purchase agreement tends to be a one-off event with few repeat customers. A major customer in one year may not provide the same level of revenues for us in any subsequent year.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We believe that the most significant factors that affect our business and financial results include the following:
Our ability to expand our customer base and generate more business from existing customers.
We strive to provide our customers with the best services as satisfied customers are more likely to stay as our existing customers. Also, satisfied customers are more likely to recommend us to their peers. We work closely with our customers so that software solutions recommended by us can satisfy their needs and improve their efficiencies.
This marketing strategy allows us to minimize our marketing expenses but still get effective marketing. Revenue derived from a customer will usually decline after the initial order when the customer has acquired the basic IT system that it needs. In addition, for the year ended June 30, 2025, our top 4 customers, AUSPICIOUS APEX PTE. LTD., Minerva Semiconductor Corp. Limited, Hong Kong Sunny Infosystems Limited and Big Beaver Tech Limited account for 20.68%, 20.01%,17.15% and 11.74%, respectively, of our revenue. There are inherent risks with having a large percentage of total revenues concentrated with a limited number of customers. Changes to or reductions in the buying patterns of these larger customers may expose our business and results of operations to greater volatility. The mix and type of customers, and sales to any single customer, may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, and have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Therefore, it is important that we develop new products and new customers. For the year ended June 30, 2025, our total revenue increased by 462.66%, or US$3,975,823, compared to the year ended June 30, 2024. The revenue for the year ended June 30, 2025 derived from new customers amounted to US$3,867,698, or 80.00% of our total revenue, while revenues from our existing customers only represented 20.00% for the same period.
Our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified employees.
We pay particular attention in recruiting the right talent to join the Company. We develop intern programs with universities and technical colleges to support the talents in the community and get more exposure to graduates in the early stage of their career path. We provide on-the-job training to our staff, and encourage them to attend technical seminars and courses to update their knowledge. We believe our approach to attract and develop talents allows us to achieve a relatively low turnover among our technical staff.
46
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years indicated.
| Year ended June 30, 2025 | As % of Revenues | Year ended June 30, 2024 | As % of Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Increase/ (Decrease) in percentage | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 4,835,167 | 100 | $ | 859,344 | 100 | 3,975,823 | 463 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (2,426,213 | ) | (50 | ) | (30,896 | ) | (4 | ) | (2,395,317 | ) | 7,753 | |||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 2,408,954 | 50 | 828,448 | 96 | 1,580,506 | 191 | ||||||||||||||||||
| General and administration expenses | (596,776 | ) | (12 | ) | (10,858 | ) | (1 | ) | (585,918 | ) | 5,396 | |||||||||||||
| Exchange gain/(loss) | 77,927 | 2 | (28 | ) | - | 77,955 | (278,411 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | 8,932 | - | - | - | 8,932 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Change Gains and Losses | 31,494 | 1 | - | - | 31,494 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | (478,423 | ) | (10 | ) | (10,886 | ) | (1 | ) | (467,537 | ) | 4,295 | |||||||||||||
| Income from operation | 1,930,531 | 40 | 817,562 | 95 | 1,112,969 | 136 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 258 | - | - | - | 258 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | (21,844 | ) | - | - | - | (21,844 | ) | (100 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 1,908,945 | 39 | 817,562 | 95 | 1,091,383 | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | (431,139 | ) | (9 | ) | (114,958 | ) | (13 | ) | (316,181 | ) | 275 | |||||||||||||
| Net income from continuing operation | 1,477,806 | 31 | 702,604 | 82 | 775,202 | 110 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss)/income from discontinued operation, net of income taxes | (712,887 | ) | (15 | ) | 845,743 | 98 | (1,558,630 | ) | (184 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income/(loss) | 764,919 | 16 | 1,548,347 | 180 | (783,428 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Year Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Year Ended June 30, 2024
Revenues
We derive our revenues by providing IT consulting and solutions, which mainly includes software development services, which primarily includes customized software development service with acceptance requirement, which are billed on a fixed price basis.
The following table presents our revenues.
| Year ended June 30, 2025 | Year ended June 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | % | Revenue | % | Variance | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Software development services | 4,835,167 | 100 | 859,344 | 100 | 3,975,823 | 463 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 4,835,167 | 100 | 859,344 | 100 | 3,975,823 | 463 | ||||||||||||||||||
Our total revenues increased by US$3,975,823, or 462.66%, to US$4,835,167 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from US$859,344 for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase in overall revenues reflects a recovery from the operational challenges experienced during the year ended June 30, 2024, caused by COVID-19 restrictions in our operating markets. This growth is also attributed to our efforts in attracting new customers.
47
Revenue from software development services increased by US$3,975,823 or 462.66% to US$4,835,167 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from US$859,344 for the year ended June 30, 2024. This was driven by our efforts to expand our customer base and develop new software tailored to the needs of new customers.
Cost of revenues
Our cost of revenues comprise mainly outsourcing fees, employee salaries, social security and housing funds, and other incidental expenses. Cost of revenues increased by US$2,395,317 or 7752.84% to US$2,426,213 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from US$30,896 for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily attributable to our efforts to expand the customer base, aligned with our overall revenue growth. As a percentage of revenue, our cost of revenues increased to 50.18% for the year ended June 30, 2025 from 3.60% for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to a higher number of research projects outsourced to third parties, which resulted in a lower profit margin.
Gross profit
Our gross profit increased by US$1,580,506, or 190.78%, to US$2,408,954 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from US$828,448 for the year ended June 30, 2024. As a percentage of revenues, our gross margin decreased from 96.40% for the year ended June 30, 2024 to 49.82% for the year ended June 30, 2025. The decrease was due to a higher number of research projects outsourced third parties, which resulted in a lower profit margin.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and compensation expenses relating to our finance, human resources and executive office personnel, and included rental expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses, office overhead, professional service fees and travel and transportation costs.
General and administrative expenses increased by US$585,918, or 5,396.19%, from US$10,858 for the year ended June 30, 2024, to approximately US$596,776 for the year ended June 30, 2025. This increase was caused by an increase of US$98,489 in salary expenses, an increase of US$190,786 in bad debt expenses and an increase of US$302,330 in professional fees.
Exchange gain
Exchange gain primarily included gain from accounts receivable and payable due to exchange rate fluctuation.
Exchange gains increased by US$77,955, or 278,410.71%, from a net loss of US$28 for the year ended June 30, 2024, to a net gain of US$77,927 for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Other expenses
Other expenses increased from nil as of June 30, 2024, to US$21,844 as of June 30, 2025, a rise of US$21,844 or 100%. This was primarily due to the amortization of convertible bond interest.
Income before income taxes
Our income before income taxes increased by US$1,091,383 to US$1,908,945 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from US$817,562 for the year ended June 30, 2024.
Provision for income taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was US$431,139 and US$114,958, respectively, which were tax expenses mainly generated from Hong Kong.
48
Net Income from continuing operation
Net income from continuing operation increased by US$775,202, or 110% to US$1,477,806 for the year ended June 30, 2025, as compared with a net income from continuing operation of US$702,604 for the year ended June 30, 2024.
Gain loss from discontinued operation, net of income taxes
Our loss from discontinued operations was US$712,887, for the year ended June 30, 2025, as compared with a gain from discontinued operations of US$845,743 for the year ended June 30, 2024.
The summarized operating result of discontinued operation included our consolidated statements of operation is as follows:
| For The Year Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,825,288 | $ | 3,702,619 | ||||
| Cost of Revenues | (1,121,174 | ) | (2,216,444 | ) | ||||
| Taxes and other surcharges | (5,598 | ) | (9,934 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 698,516 | 1,476,241 | ||||||
| Operating expenses | (551,578 | ) | (471,218 | ) | ||||
| Other income, net | 1,501 | 10,178 | ||||||
| Income before income taxes | 148,439 | 1,015,201 | ||||||
| Income tax expenses | 19,381 | (169,458 | ) | |||||
| Loss on sale of discontinued operation | (880,707 | ) | - | |||||
| (Loss)/income from discontinued operations | $ | (712,887 | ) | $ | 845,743 | |||
Net income/(loss)
Net income decreased by US$783,428 or 50.60% to US$764,919 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from US$1,548,347 for the year ended June 30, 2024.
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated.
| Year ended June 30, 2024 | As % of Revenues | Year ended June 30, 2023 | As % of Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Increase/ (Decrease) in percentage | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 859,344 | 100 | $ | 37,130 | 100 | 822,214 | 2,214 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (30,896 | ) | (4 | ) | (7,338 | ) | (20 | ) | (23,558 | ) | 321 | |||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 828,448 | 96 | 29,792 | 80 | 798,656 | 2,681 | ||||||||||||||||||
| General and administration expenses | (10,858 | ) | (1 | ) | (11,517 | ) | (31 | ) | 659 | (6 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Exchange (loss)/gain | (28 | ) | - | (246 | ) | (1 | ) | 218 | (89 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | (10,886 | ) | (1 | ) | (11,763 | ) | (32 | ) | 877 | (7 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Income from operation | 817,562 | 95 | 18,029 | 49 | 799,533 | 4,435 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | - | - | (2,240 | ) | (6 | ) | 2,240 | - | ||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 817,562 | 95 | 15,789 | 43 | 801,773 | 5,078 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | (114,958 | ) | (13 | ) | (1,767 | ) | (5 | ) | (113,191 | ) | 6,406 | |||||||||||||
| Net income from continuing operation | 702,604 | 82 | 14,022 | 38 | 688,582 | 4,911 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(Loss) from discontinued operation, net of income taxes | 845,743 | 98 | 982,135 | 2,645 | (136,392 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 1,548,347 | 180 | 996,157 | 2,683 | 552,190 | 55 | ||||||||||||||||||
49
Year Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to Year Ended June 30, 2023
Revenues
We derive our revenues by providing IT consulting and solutions services, which mainly includes software development services with customized software development service and acceptance requirement. Services are billed on a fixed price basis.
The following table presents our revenues:
| Year ended June 30, 2024 | Year ended June 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | % | Revenues | % | Variance | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Software development services | 859,344 | 100 | 37,130 | 100 | 822,214 | 2,214 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 859,344 | 100 | 37,130 | 100 | 822,214 | 2,214 | ||||||||||||||||||
Our total revenues increased by US$822,214, or 2214.40%, to US$859,344 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from US$37,130 for the year ended June 30, 2023. The increase in overall revenues reflects a recovery from the operational challenges experienced during the year ended June 30, 2023, caused by COVID-19 restrictions in our operating markets. The growth is also contributed by our efforts in attracting new customers.
Revenue from software development services increased by US$822,214 or 2214.40% to US$859,344 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from US$37,130 for the year ended June 30, 2023. It was mainly driven by our efforts to expand our customer base and develop new software customized to the needs of new customers.
Cost of revenues
Our cost of revenues mainly comprised of outsourcing fees, employee salaries, social security dues and housing funds, and other incidental costs. Cost of revenues increased by US$23,558 or 321.04% to US$30,896 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from US$7,338 for the year ended June 30, 2023. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily caused by our efforts to expand the customer base, and it was aligned with our overall revenue growth. As a percentage of revenue, our cost of revenues decreased to 3.60% for the year ended June 30, 2024 from 19.76% for the year ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was driven by technological advancements and improved product development efficiency, which resulted in a higher profit margin.
Gross profit
Our gross profit increased by US$798,656, or 2680.75%, to US$828,448 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from US$29,792 for the year ended June 30, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, our gross margin increased from 80.24% for the year ended June 30, 2023 compare to 96.40% for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase was driven by technological advancements and improved product development efficiency, as it was aligned with our cost of revenue trends.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased by US$659, or 5.72%, from US$11,517 for the year ended June 30, 2023, to approximately US$10,858 for the year ended June 30, 2024. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of professional fees, audit fees, legal fees, and other general costs.
Exchange loss
Exchange loss decreased by US$218, or 88.62%, from a net loss of US$246 for the year ended June 30, 2023, to a net loss of US$28 for the year ended June 30, 2024. Exchange loss primarily included loss from accounts receivable and payable due to exchange rate fluctuation.
Other expenses
Other expenses decreased from negative US$2,240 as of June 30, 2023, to nil as of June 30, 2024, decreased by US$2,240 or 100%. This was primarily due to a decrease in handling charges.
50
Income before income taxes
Our income before income taxes increased by US$801,773 to US$817,562 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from US$15,789 for the year ended June 30, 2023.
Provision for income taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was US$114,958 and US$1,767, respectively, which were tax expenses mainly generated from Hong Kong.
Net Income from continuing operation
Net income from continuing operation increased by US$688,582, or 4,910.74% to US$702,604 for the year ended June 30, 2024, as compared with the net income from continuing operation of US$14,022 for the year ended June 30, 2023.
Gain loss from discontinued operation, net of income taxes
Our loss from discontinued operations was US$845,743, for the year ended June 30, 2024, as compared with a gain from discontinued operations of US$982,135 for the year ended June 30, 2023.
The summarized operating result of discontinued operation included in our consolidated statements of operation as follows:
| For The Year Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | 3,702,619 | $ | 1,634,221 | ||||
| Cost of revenues | (2,216,444 | ) | (389,022 | ) | ||||
| Taxes and other surcharges | (9,934 | ) | (3,788 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 1,476,241 | 1,241,411 | ||||||
| Operating expenses | (471,218 | ) | (194,476 | ) | ||||
| Other income, net | 10,178 | 7,929 | ||||||
| Income before income taxes | 1,015,201 | 1,054,864 | ||||||
| Income tax expenses | (169,458 | ) | (72,729 | ) | ||||
| Loss on sale of discontinued operation | - | - | ||||||
| Income from discontinued operations | $ | 845,743 | $ | 982,135 | ||||
Net Income
Net income increased by US$552,190 or 55.45% to US$1,548,347 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from US$996,157 for the year ended June 30, 2023.
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustments amounted to losses of US$33,883, US$167,671, and US$158,390 for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The balance sheet amounts, with the exception of equity, as of June 30, 2025, were translated at 7.8499 HKD to 1.00 USD, as compared to 7.8083 HKD to 1.00 USD as of June 30, 2024, and 7.8363 HKD to 1.00 USD as of June 30, 2023. The equity accounts were stated at their historical rates. The average translation rates applied to the income statement accounts for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were 7.7893 HKD to 1.00 USD, 7.8190 HKD to 1.00 USD, and 7.8373 HKD to 1.00 USD, respectively. The change in the value of the HKD relative to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations.
51
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows and Working Capital
As of June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of US$313,566. Our current assets were approximately US$7,191,985, and our current liabilities were US$2,921,270 as of June 30, 2025. Total retained earnings as of June 30, 2025 were US$3,336,442. Our cash flows provided by operating activities was US$13,832 for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Our operating results for future periods are subject to numerous uncertainties, and it is uncertain whether we will be able to achieve a net income position for the foreseeable future. If management is unable to increase revenue and/or manage costs and operating expenses in line with revenue forecasts, we may not be able to achieve profitability.
We believe that available cash and cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities, together with cash available from the activities mentioned above, should enable us to meet current anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months after the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements. Meanwhile, we have prepared the consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis. However, we continue to have ongoing obligations and we expect that we will require additional capital in order to execute our longer-term business plan. If we encounter unforeseen circumstances that place constraints on our capital resources, management will be required to take various measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily limited to: initiating private and public offerings; curtailing our business development activities; suspending the pursuit of our business plan; obtaining credit financing; controlling overhead expenses and seeking to further dispose of non-core assets. Management cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital if needed.
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in Hong Kong and all of our revenue, expenses, cash and cash equivalents are denominated in HKD currency. As of June 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents of approximately HKD2,461,464 (US$313,566), were held by the Group and its subsidiaries in mainland China, and Hong Kong. We would need to accrue and pay withholding taxes if we were to distribute funds from our subsidiaries in China to our offshore subsidiaries. We do not intend to repatriate such funds in the foreseeable future, as we plan to use existing cash balance in PRC for general corporate purposes.
In assessing our liquidity, we monitor and analyze our cash on hand, our ability to generate sufficient revenue sources in the future and our operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company plans to fund working capital through its operations, bank borrowings and additional capital contribution from shareholders. Our operating cash flow was positive for the year ended June 30, 2025. We have historically funded our working capital needs primarily from operations, advance payments from customers and loans from shareholders. Our working capital requirements are affected by the efficiency of our operations, the volume and dollar value of our sales contracts, the progress or execution on our customer contracts, and the timing of accounts receivable collections.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| Year ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 13,832 | $ | 929,203 | $ | 901,288 | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (2,952,890 | ) | - | (11,482 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | 3,171,608 | (888,932 | ) | (871,487 | ) | |||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 29,207 | (7,858 | ) | (45,688 | ) | |||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 261,757 | 32,413 | (27,369 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | 51,809 | 19,396 | 46,765 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $ | 313,566 | $ | 51,809 | $ | 19,396 | ||||||
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through borrowings from our stockholders, related and unrelated parties.
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2025 was US$376,065 (total of US$13,832 provided by operating activities including net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations of US$389,897), mainly comprising a net income from continuing operations of US$1,477,806, a non-cash adjustment for loss on disposal of subsidiaries of $880,707 and an increase in tax payables and other liabilities of US$1,010,090, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of US$2,679,313, and an increase in advances to suppliers of US$1,167,355.
52
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2024 was US$250,776 (total of US$929,203 provided by operating activities including net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations of US$678,427), mainly comprising a net income from continuing operations of US$702,604 and an increase in tax payables of US$114,958, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of US$539,261.
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2023 was US$72,525 (total of US$901,288 provided by operating activities including net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations of US$973,813), mainly comprising a net income from continuing operations of US$14,022, offset by an decrease in other liabilities of US$90,201.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was US$2,952,890 for the year ended June 30, 2025, all of which was from continuing operations. Net cash used in investing activities was mainly due to (i) purchases of financial assets held for sale of US2,352,941, and (ii) proceeds of long-term investment of US$625,505.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2024 was nil from continuing operations and nil from discontinued operations.
Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 was nil from continuing operations and (ii) US$11,482 from discontinued operations for purchase of fixed assets.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was US$3,171,608 for the year ended June 30, 2025, all of which was from continuing operations. Net cash provided by financing activities was mainly due to (i) issuance of ordinary shares for cash of US$1,695,597, and (ii) proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds and warrants of US$1,413,011.
Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2024 was US$888,932 comprising (i) US$931,348 used in financing activities for continuing operations and (ii) US$42,416 provided by financing activities from discontinued operations. Net cash used in financing activities for continuing operations included repayment of interest-free loan to related parties of US$191,703 and an increase in deferred IPO cost of US$740,645.
Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 was US$871,487 comprising (i) US$329,405 from continuing operations and (ii) US$542,082 from discontinued operations. Net cash used in financing activities for continuing operations included deferred IPO cost of US$329,405.
53
INDUSTRY
As of December 31, 2023
The PRC software and information technology service industry (“Software Industry”) displayed a steady development trend in 2023. Statistics from the MIIT shows that in 2023, total revenue of the industry surpassed RMB12 trillion, profitability remain steady, and export continued to grow.
1. Overview
Revenue from Software Industry grew above RMB12 trillion in 2023. According to number released by MIIT’s Report on Economic Operation of the Software Industry for 2023, more than 380,000 companies in the Software Industry have reached the milestone of receiving more than RMB5 million in revenue for their core operations in 2023. Total revenue from the Software Industry was RMB12,325.8 billion, a year-on-year increase of 13.4%, the growth rate went up by 2.2% when compared with that of 2022.
Figure 1 Growth of software Industry revenue in 2014 – 2023
The total profit of the Software Industry was RMB1,459.1 billion in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 13.6%. Compared against 2022, the rate of increase went up by 7.9% and the profit ratio of the main business of surveyed companies in the industry increased by 0.1% to 9.2%.
Figure 2 Growth of total profit in 2022 – 2023
54
Export sales of Software Industry amounted to USD 51.42 billion, a decrease of 3.6% year-on-year, but was 5.4% higher than the growth rate in 2022, according to the MIIT. Of the total export revenue, export of software outsourcing services increased by 5.4%, year-on-year.
Figure 3 Growth in export sales of Software Industry in 2014 – 2023
2. Sector analysis
In 2023, the domestic revenues from the sales of software products, IT services, information security products and services, and embedded system software were RMB2,903 billion, RMB8,122.6 billion, RMB223.2 billion and RMB1,077 billion, respectively.
According to MIIT data, the revenue of software products grew steadily in 2023 to RMB2,903 billion, accounting for 23.6% of the total revenue of the industry. It was 11.1% higher on a year-on-year basis, and was 1.2% higher than the same period in 2022. Included in that was the income from industrial software products of RMB282.4 billion, a year-on-year increase of 12.3%.
Revenue from information technology services achieved the highest growth rate among the surveyed sectors. The revenue from information technology services was RMB8,122.6 billion, a year-on-year increase of 14.7%, and 1.3% higher than the industry average. It accounted for 65.9% of the industry’s revenue. Included in that was cloud computing and big data services which achieved a total revenue of RMB1,247 billion, a year-on-year increase of 15.4%, and accounted for 15.4% of information technology service revenue, a 0.5% higher than the ratio of 2022. Integrated circuit design revenue was RMB306.9 billion, a year-on-year increase of 6.4%. E-commerce platform technology service revenue was RMB1,178.9 billion, a year-on-year increase of 9.6%.
Growth in sales from information security products and services was steady. In 2023 the revenue from information security products and services was RMB223.2 billion, a year-on-year increase of 12.4%, 2% lower than that of previous year.
Embedded system software revenue achieved double digit growth rate. In 2023 revenue from embedded system software was RMB1,077 billion, a year-on-year increase of 10.6%, 0.7% lower than that of prior year.
Figure 4 Distribution by sectors of Software Industry revenue in 2023
55
3. Analysis by Regions
Revenue from Software Industry in the Eastern and Northeastern regions of the PRC continued to growth at a fast pace, while the growth trend in the Central and Western regions remained strong. In 2023 the revenues from the Software Industry in the Eastern, Central, Western and Northeastern regions were RMB10,078.3 billion, RMB696.5 billion, RMB1,262.6 billion, and RMB288.4 billion respectively, a year-on-year increase of 13.8%, 14.7%, 8.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The growth rates of Eastern, Central and Western regions were higher than the national average by 0.4%, 4% and 0.5% respectively. Revenue from the Software Industry of the four regions accounted for 81.8%, 5.7%, 10.2% and 2.3% of the country’s total revenue, respectively.
Figure 5 Revenue growth of the software industry by region in 2023
The growth trend in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region is prominent, while the Yangtze River Delta region is steadily rising. In 2023, the software business revenue in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region reached 2.9827 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 17.1%, which is 3.7 percentage points higher than the national average level. The software business revenue in the Yangtze River Delta region reached 3543.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.6%, with a growth rate 2.5 percentage points higher than the same period last year. The proportion of software business revenue in the total national revenue in the two regions is 24.2% and 28.7%, respectively.
56
The proportion of revenue from major “software hub provinces” increased slightly while that of some central and western province and cities showed obvious growth. In 2023, among the top five provinces in terms of revenue from the Software Industry were Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Zhejiang. The total revenue from the Software Industry in the five provinces in 2023 was RMB8,513.5 billion, accounted for 69.1% of the national total, an increase of 1.1% when compared with the same period last year. There were 13 provinces and cities with their growth rate of software business revenue higher than the national average, among which the provinces with growth rate higher than 20% were concentrated in the central and western regions, including Inner Mongolia, Anhui and Qinghai.
Figure 6 Growth of the top ten provinces and cities in software business revenue in 2023
Revenue from the Software Industry in major cities grew steadily, while total profit dropped slightly. The MIIT surveyed the software industries in 15 major cities (or “sub-provincial cities”), where the heads of government ranked at the sub-provincial level because of its size in population, economic significance or for being the seat of a provincial government. In 2023, 15 major cities surveyed in the MIIT report across the country achieved revenue from Software Industry of RMB5,960.4 billion, representing 48.4% of the national software industry revenue, and a year-on-year increase of 11.2%. The growth rate was 1.2% higher than that of previous year. The total profit achieved in these 15 sub-provincial cities was RMB793.6 billion, a year-on-year increase of 15.6%, the growth rate was 13.2% higher than that of the previous year. Among them, the year-on-year growth rate of software business revenue in Harbin, Wuhan, Dalian, Shenzhen, Jinan, Xiamen and Shenyang exceeded the industry average.
Figure 7 Top 10 Growth of software business revenue in sub-provincial cities in 2023
57
BUSINESS
Business Overview
We are a business-to-business (“B2B”) information technology (“IT”) business solutions provider. Historicaly, through our two PRC subsidiaries, Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, we started as a business that focuses on integrated software and hardware solutions in the property management and exhibition services spaces. Overtime, we expanded our software solutions offering to a variety of industries and sectors, including food establishments, real estate, exhibition & conferencing, and clean energy utilities. Following the sale of our interests in the PRC subsidiaries in March 2025 and December 2025, our current business operations are conducted our Hong Kong subsidiary, HK 3e Network, which continues to develop and provide software solutions across these sectors.
Our business mainly came from software development portfolio. The proportion of revenue was 99.25% and 100% for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively.
We also conducted exhibition and conference services, as well as hardware sales, which generated 1.4% and nil for the year ended June 30, 2023, 0.74% and 0.01% for the year ended June 30, 2024, and nil and nil for the year ended June 30, 2025, respectively. We no longer conduct exhibition and conference services in the year ended June 30, 2025, as part of a strategic decision to focus resources on our core software development and overseas business expansion initiatives.
1. Software Development Portfolio
As an IT business solution provider, we take pride in our technical acumen in delivering software solutions for our business customers. The key pillar of our growth story and the primary engine of our growth is the development of custom software solutions for our customers.
We work closely with our customers to analyze their software requirement, develop system specifications with them, and start coding and testing once we reach a conclusion on the specifications. The completed software system will then be delivered to customers for testing before their final acceptance. Our software solutions serve a variety of industries and sectors, including in restaurant management, property management, exhibit and conferencing services, and solar power stations.
For all our customers, as part of our onboarding process, we refer them to cloud platform or data server providers for contracting and we help set up connections between our software and such servers. However, after the specific software systems or products are set up and connected, we turn over the ownership and access of such systems or products to our customers. After deliveries of such systems or products, we relinquish our access to the systems or products and do not have access to or store the data of users of the systems that are operated by such customers, regardless of whether they are property management companies, restaurants or other entities.
For the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2025, our main products under our custom software solutions offering include software products developed for property management companies, restaurant management, intelligent music generation, and highway monitoring and control. Customers can choose to buy a basic version with minimal alterations or customize additional functions to suit their needs. We plan to significantly expand the number of customers we serve to diversify our customer base and grow our revenues. Revenues from a new customer often rise quickly over the first several years following our initial engagement as we expand the services that we provide to that customer. Therefore, obtaining new customers is important for us to achieve rapid revenue growth.
Smart Property Management System
We designed a smart property management system for property management companies in the PRC. On December 17, 2021, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (“MoHURD”) of the PRC issued a paper encouraging property management companies to use digital property management system incorporating smart technology to provide better service to their residents. We believe that our system meets the specifications of digital property management system promoted by the ministry that can integrate community management, property management, municipal services, and smart home management functions into a single system.
Our property management system uses a Chinese mobile social messaging app, WeChat, and its mini program platform and the latest information technologies such as internet of things, cloud computing and mobile internet to provide services to its users.
58
WeChat is one of the most popular mobile applications in China, as of the second quarter of 2022, according to Tencent Inc., the social media company that developed WeChat, there were approximately 1.3 billion monthly active users of WeChat. It combines messaging, social networking, audio and video calls, teleconferencing, short video distribution, news and web content distribution, e-commerce, gaming and financial payments into one “super-app”. Through WeChat, our clients and the residents of the properties they manage can easily access the property management systems that we help design and develop for our clients.
WeChat mini programs are sub-applications that third parties can develop using JavaScript on WeChat’s application platform. Akin to a relationship between a web application hosting platform and a web application owner and operator, WeChat and our clients are bound by contractual agreements and our clients are responsible for the operations of the WeChat mini programs that we develop for our clients and deploy to the WeChat platforms. Third parties like our property management clients would register and agree to standard terms of conditions required by WeChat, and we would design and develop a customized property management portal connected through a WeChat mini program for property management companies to use the portal to manage a specific property and residents to access to portal for services and payments. Key terms and conditions regarding using WeChat mini programs are summarized as follows: (i) mini programs can only be released to WeChat users after Tencent has reviewed and approved mini programs submitted by registered developers; (ii) Tencent’s review of mini programs include review of the legal, security, stability, operability, and user experience of submitted mini programs and may include testing and verification procedures, if needed; (iii) any version updates or optimizations require Tencent’s review and approval; (iv) any submission by developers must identify the types of activities, content, services or transactions that the mini programs will engage in and the industry such developers belong to so that Tencent may identify governing laws and regulations that may apply to such mini programs and review accordingly; (v) developers may apply for and Tencent may award verified account identifications to such mini programs that submit verification requests, for which Tencent may only review and verify on the authenticity of the corporate, personal or other entity registration or identification information (including any corporate or non-corporate entity registration identification or personal identification information); Tencent does not take responsibility in verifying the performance and functionality of the mini programs; (vi) without Tencent’s consent, mini program developers may not collect, possess, store, capture, obtain or require any WeChat users to provide any data, including user data or other information contained on WeChat or its service platforms; (vii) any IP rights to the content provided by Tencent in its provision of mini program services belong to Tencent, while IP rights generated during the course of the use of mini programs belongs to the users or the relevant rights holders; (viii) any dispute arising from the mini program with third party shall be borne by the developer only, as Tencent will not participate in the development, operation or other activities association of the mini programs, nor will it modify, edit or optimize the mini programs; (ix) any dispute arising from the mini programs or any consequences due to violation of laws and regulations or terms of conditions with WeChat shall be borne by the developers, and developers shall assume any liabilities and compensate for any losses against Tencent.
Depending on the specific property management company’s needs, we can incorporate a variety of service modules into the portal. These service modules have been developed primarily for integrated use by administrators (i.e. employees of our property management clients) and by users (residents in the properties) on and through WeChat, and the portal deployed with these service modules are primarily accessed through WeChat. However, in the unlikely event that WeChat experiences significant outage or disruptions, we may help clients set up a separate webpage-based log-in interface and create alternative log-in credentials for administrators and users to access the portal through a separate webpage. The access to the web portal in that case will not be connected or dependent upon WeChat.
Equipped with smart hardware (which is equipment embedded with sensors, software and other technologies so that they can communicate with other devices), our system provides property management companies an intelligent and integrated management system, while giving residents the convenience of an information-based community. For example, property management companies may use cameras with facial recognition technology that could access the data of residents stored in the management companies’ servers to perform identity checks on visitors, and grant or deny access to the property.
The property management system covers the management aspects of most property management companies and the common property service needs of residents. Its main functions include the following:
| ● | Smart access: residents registered in the system can open the main entrance of their building with their mobile phones. This module is one of our most popular products among residents. |
| ● | Smart car park: through smart devices, our system allows drivers to open gates of parking lots via mobile phone or by car number plate recognition. The payment for parking fee can be processed through mobile phone payment app without interaction from car park attendants. |
| ● | One-time access key for visitors: registered residents can issue a one-time electronic access key through our system to their visitors, specifying the time period the key is valid. The visitor with the key can enter the property without additional assistance from the residents or personnel at the building. |
59
| ● | Property management fee payment: the system automatically computes management fees, parking fees and other community costs based on formulas set by the management company. Electronic invoices are sent to registered residents. The system can also send out reminders on overdue fees. Registered residents can make payments through their mobile phones anywhere at any time. These features greatly improve the fee collection rate of property management companies. Real-time information on paid fees and overdue fees is provided to the management companies, allowing them to monitor their cash flow and collectibles. |
| ● | Repair reporting: this module allows registered residents to report items that require inspection or repair via WeChat. Upon receipt of a request, the property management company can issue a repair work request to appropriate personnel via our system. Completed work orders are also logged on our system. The whole process is visible to the resident who at the completion of the work order is encouraged to rate the process and the workmanship. |
| ● | Complaints and suggestions: this module allows registered residents to send their complaints and service suggestions to the property management company, and allows the latter to give a prompt response. It also provides statistics of answered and outstanding messages. We believe the system improves the senses of belonging of residents by providing a smooth communications channel between the residents and the property management company. |
| ● | Smart patrol system: the module records the real-time check-in of each security guard at every checkpoint along the assigned patrol route on the property. The system provides management with security patrol statistics, including the time required to complete patrolling a particular route, the time taken between check points, and the schedule of the security patrol. We believe the module can significantly improve management efficiency. |
The modular architecture of the property management system allows customization of the system to meet the specific requirements of any property management companies. Since the launch of the first version of property management system in 2018, we have added other functionalities such as listings of property for sale or rent, a community e-mall, and a control center screen system to the basic system for certain property management companies.
Restaurant Management Software System
We designed a restaurant management system based on popular functions we found in most restaurant software systems used in the PRC and tailored them for restaurants outside mainland China. For example, we left out mobile payment functions while putting emphasis on membership subscription and management functions by adding member registration page and modules of gift redemption for members to redeem membership points. In the PRC, mobile payment such as WeChat pay and Alipay is very popular while patrons in areas outside mainland China usually pay by credit card or cash. Because WeChat is a popular mobile app mainly in mainland China, this system is an Android and iOS based application instead of the usual WeChat mini program based application in PRC. Restaurants outside mainland China may place more emphasis on membership points and membership discount to encourage frequent patronage. Our software system was launched in Hong Kong in the fourth quarter of 2022, and comprises the following modules:
| ● | For patrons: customer using his/her mobile phone can register as member or log in to view the e-menu, order food for take-out or dine-in, check his/her membership tier and membership points, exchange membership points for goods, and check bills. |
| ● | For staff: staff with a personal digital assistant (“PDA”) logged onto the system can sit patrons by referring to the real-time seating chart that shows tables occupied, tables pending bill payment, and available tables. Staff can also place orders for customers via PDA, check the order status and review the bill amount of each table. |
| ● | Cashier terminal: it has all the functions of a staff PDA, but also allows for selecting the restaurant location of a franchise restaurant, issue checks and process payments, and route and print orders via various printers at the kitchen or the bar. |
| ● | Back-office management suite: A software bundle that manages membership, membership points, e-menu, e-mall, shop settings for restaurant chains, printer settings, and security. Also, the user can send push notifications to its members. |
Clean Energy Related Software
As a young company with limited operating history and limited customer base, we are constantly looking for opportunities to develop new customers and expand into new business areas. The solar energy sector, for example, is an area with significant government support and business opportunities. In 2022, after studying the potential of the market for management system used by solar energy power plants, the Company decided to develop a management software for distributed photovoltaic power plants with generation capacity under 10 megawatts and for management companies that manage distributed solar power plants of that size. Our specially designed system allows management to access it via a mobile device or a computer to monitor power plants in single or multiple locations. The program provides functions ranging from equipment fault alerts, repair and maintenance, power generation monitoring, push notifications, to asset recording. The program was launched in 2023. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2024 and 2025, we have generated US$386,420.18, nil and nil in revenue from this market, respectively. In 2024, we became vendor of Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, collecting scattered small-scale photovoltaic power generation data through software to help apply for International Renewable Energy Certificates.
60
Competitive Strengths
We believe that our competitive strengths that distinguishes us from our competitors and contributes to our success include the following:
| ● | The breadth and depth of our expertise in exhibition business and property management business. We have developed expertise in the industries that we operate. Our product designers and sales support staff work with exhibition organizers and venue owners from an early stage in preparing an exhibition to its closing, gaining first-hand knowledge of the issues in the exhibition industry. This knowledge allows us to develop products that meet the needs of the participants and improve the efficiency of the trade. In the property management business, we have a team member with senior management experience in a major property management company in the PRC, who can use his expertise to guide us in the right directions. The property management system that we launched addresses key demands of small- to medium-sized companies while also has the potential to be scaled up for major operators. |
| ● | The complete solution approach and the quality of the service we offered. Our expertise allows us to anticipate the need of the industries and develop software systems that are adaptable to the demands of industrial players. For example, in 2021, we introduced a gate control system that integrated facial recognition, temperature measuring and ID reading capabilities to assist exhibition organizers and venue owners to minimize COVID-19 risk. This system is widely used by our customers. Our reputation as a reliable and efficient software developer has earned us contracts from major customers in a competitive market. |
| ● | Our market reputation, track record and marketing and selling skills. Our sales and marketing team comprises of mainly technical staff with product design and programming expertise. We believe this approach allows us to communicate more effectively with our customers or potential customers, which provides us with first-hand knowledge of our customers’ needs, allowing us to develop software that meets their requirements quickly. |
Growth Strategy
We have developed and intend to implement the following strategies to expand and grow the size of our Company:
| ● | Grow revenue with existing and new customers — We intend to pursue additional revenue opportunities from existing customers. We will focus on continuing to deliver high quality software and services and identifying additional opportunities with existing customers as they will continue to constitute a significant portion of our revenues and medium-term growth. We will also continue to target certain new customers, using our comprehensive service and software offerings, combined with increasingly deep domain expertise in the exhibition industry and property management industry. |
| ● | Continue to invest in research and development, deepen domain expertise and develop specific solutions for target industry verticals — We will continue to enhance our domain knowledge in the exhibition industry and property management industry and relevant business-specific processes. As our industry and service expertise grow, we intend to leverage the knowledge accumulated in our work with our customers to more effectively address their business-specific needs. In addition, we plan to continue investing in research and development (“R&D”), focusing on developing solutions that leverage our industry experience and R&D capabilities, to combine proprietary applications with our services to best address customer needs. |
| ● | Continue to invest in training and development of our human capital base — We place a high priority on attracting, training, developing and retaining our human capital base to further increase our competitiveness. We will build and train our professional talent pool to ensure the sustainable supply of IT talent resources. |
61
| ● | Drive efficiencies through ongoing improvements in operational excellence — We strive to gain significant operating efficiencies by leveraging historical and ongoing investments in infrastructure, R&D and human capital. We operate our business on a single, integrated system, with centralized functions which provide significant economies of scale across our business, as well as cross service offerings. We also expect to continue investing in our own IT infrastructure and more advanced technologies, such as cloud computing, to allow us to enhance our scalability and continue to grow in a more cost-effective fashion. As part of expanding our scale, we intend to continue building up training centers tailored to our human capital needs to deploy human capital more efficiently, thereby improving overall resource utilization and productivity. |
Marketing and Sales
We are business-to-business (“B2B”) information technology (“IT”) business solutions provider with the inspiration to become a next-generation artificial intelligence (“AI”) infrastructure solutions provider. We seek to acquire new account relationships through face-to-face field sales, and targeted direct marketing to increase awareness of our solutions. Our product design team is also our main sales team as they can better explain the salient features of our products to our potential customers. Most of our potential customers have their IT expert on their team and prefer a more technical sales presentation. We specifically target small and medium-sized enterprises in the exhibition and property management industries, primarily in Hong Kong and Singapore.
In the property management sector, our management team can leverage its experience in the sector to pitch and customize our software solutions to potential clients. We often receive referrals from existing clients for potential opportunities. We may also submit pitches to potential clients directly. For each case, our sales support and technical sales personnel work closely with the potential client in understanding their needs, propose and present a demo system in the business pitch, and continuously engage with the client to identify the optimal solutions.
In the solar energy space, we establish ourselves by participating in exhibitions and fairs to showcase our products, and use contacts at forums and industrial groups to develop relationships with potential clients and discuss collaborating opportunities. For products in this sector, we offer both standardized and customized software solutions, with our standardized product priced based on the power-generation capacity a client manages, and our customized product priced using a base price and a sliding price scale based on numbers of units a solar power stations the client will need to manage.
We have an integrated marketing team with our sales support and technical sales personnel working closely to support our marketing functions. Our technical sales team is essentially part of our product and technology development teams, with personnel supporting each pitch on an ad-hoc basis. They work closely with potential clients to identify the needs, provide suggested solutions and showcase demo products to potential clients. The technical sales team is further supported by one sale support personnel, providing support services to our technical sales team in compiling pitch materials and providing technical onboarding and training for customers.
Competition
The market for IT services is highly competitive and we expect the competition to intensify. We believe that the principal factors in our markets are industry expertise, breadth and depth of service offerings, quality of the services offered, reputation and track record, marketing skills and price. Internationally, we face competition from the following major competitors: iChef Co., Ltd., Everywhere Limited, and Eats365 Inc. These competitors are all larger companies and possess a considerable market share in IT services industry. While compared with above competitors, as an IT business solution provider, we have been focusing on delivering consulting and solutions services to companies in the exhibition industry and property management industry.
62
Corporation Information
Our principal executive offices are located at No.118 Connaught Road West, 30th Floor, Hong Kong. Our registered office in the BVI is at Aegis International Group Limited, Aegis Chambers, 1st Floor, Ellen Skelton Building, 3076 Sir Francis Drake’s Highway, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands. We maintain a website at www.3etech.cn.
Employees
As of June 30, 2025, we have 13 employees. Our employees are not represented by a labor union, and we believe that we have good relations with our employees. The functional areas of our employees are as follows:
| As of June 30, 2025 | ||||
| Technology | 8 | |||
| Operation & Administration | 3 | |||
| Management | 2 | |||
| Total | 13 | |||
Facilities
As of June 30, 2025, the Company has leased for the following location:
| Facility | Address | Monthly Rent | Space (m2) |
Lease terms | ||||
| 3e Network Technology Company Limited | No.118 Connaught Road West, Room 3003-2, Hong Kong | US$4,000 | 150 | From July 16, 2025 to July 15, 2026 |
| Note: | The current lease do not provide for automatic renewal. New agreements need to be reached for renewal of either leases. |
On July 15, 2025, the Group entered into a Supplemental Tenancy Agreement with Hong Kong Kisen Co., Limited, which further specified terms for the leased property listed above. Terms within the agreement specified a leased area of 150 square meters, the duration of the lease term changed to July 16, 2025, until July 15, 2026. No fees or changes will be due for either party during the period from June 16, 2025, to July 15, 2025.
We did not record operating lease expenses for the year ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, we have no operating lease commitment for more than 1 year.
We believe that our existing facilities are generally adequate to meet our current needs, but we expect to seek additional space as needed to accommodate future growth.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention.
Governmental Regulations
Our operations are subject to numerous laws of PRC and regulations in a number of areas including, but not limited to, areas of labor and employment, advertising, e-commerce, tax, data privacy requirements, anti-unfair competition, and environmental, health, and safety. We have implemented policies and procedures designed to help comply with applicable laws and regulations. We strive to stay up to date on any new laws or regulations that appear that affect the Company or our customers in order to provide custom IT solutions that comply with such laws and regulations.
63
REGULATIONS
Regulations Related to our Business Operation in PRC
Historically we operated our business in the PRC under a legal regime consisting of the National People’s Congress, which is the country’s highest legislative body, the State Council, which is the highest authority of the executive branch of the PRC central government, and several ministries and agencies under its authority, including the SAFE, the Ministry of Commerce (the “MOFCOM”), the National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”), the State Administration for Market Regulation (the “SAMR”), formerly known as the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (the “SAIC”), the Ministry of Civil Affairs (the “MCA”), and their respective authorized local counterparts.
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our historical business activities in the PRC.
Regulation Relating to Foreign Investment
All limited liability companies incorporated and operating in the PRC are governed by the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Company Law, whose latest version was amended and promulgated by the SCNPC and became effective on July 1, 2024. The Company Law generally governs two types of companies, namely limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies. Both types of companies have the status of legal persons, and the liability of shareholders of a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company is limited to the amount of registered capital they have contribute. Foreign invested projects must also comply with the Company Law, with exceptions as specified in foreign investment laws.
With respect to the establishment and operation of wholly foreign-owned projects, or WFOE, the MOFCOM and NDRC, promulgated the Special Administrative Measures for the Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2024 Version) (the “2024 Negative List”) on September 6, 2024, which became effective on November 1, 2024. The 2024 Negative List replaced the Special Administrative Measures for the Access of Foreign Investment (2021 Version) (the “2021 Negative List”) and serves as the main basis for management and guidance for the MOFCOM to manage and supervise foreign investments. Those industries not set out on the 2024 Negative List shall be classified as industries permitted for foreign investment. None of our businesses are on the 2024 Negative List, nor on the 2021 Negative List. Therefore, the Company is able to conduct its business through its indirect wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries and wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiary without being subject to restrictions imposed by the foreign investment laws and regulations of the PRC.
The Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Foreign Investment Law”) was adopted by the second meeting of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019, which became effective on January 1, 2020. On December 26, 2019, the State Council promulgated the Regulation for Implementing the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Regulation”), which became effective on January 1, 2020.
The Foreign Investment Law and the Regulation apply the administrative system of pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list to foreign investment and clarify the state shall develop a catalogue of industries for encouraging foreign investment to specify the industries, fields, and regions where foreign investors are encouraged and directed to invest. Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors were principally governed by the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment, which was promulgated by the MOFCOM and the NDRC and was abolished by the 2024 Negative List and Catalogue of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment (2022 version), or the “Encouraging List”. The 2024 Negative List sets out special administrative measures in respect of the access of foreign investments in a centralized manner, and the Encouraging List, which came into effect on January 1, 2023, sets out the encouraged industries for foreign investment.
64
Regulation Relating to Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises
The abovementioned Company Law of the People’s Republic of China provides that companies established in the PRC may take the form of company of limited liability or company limited by shares. Each company has the status of a legal person and owns its assets itself. Assets of a company may be used in full for the company’s liability. The Company Law applies to foreign-invested companies unless relevant laws provide otherwise.
The Foreign Investment Law replaced Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises. It stipulates that the PRC implements a system of pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list for the administration of foreign investment. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in fields or sectors prohibited in the market access negative list for foreign investment. Foreign investors that intend to invest in the fields subject to access restrictions stipulated in market access negative list for foreign investment shall satisfy the conditions stipulated in such negative list. The PRC policies supporting enterprise development are equally applicable to foreign-invested enterprises. The PRC does not impose expropriation on foreign investment. Under special circumstances, if it requires imposing expropriation on foreign investment due to the need of public interest, expropriation shall be imposed according to legal procedures, and the foreign-invested enterprises concerned shall receive fair and reasonable compensation. Foreign-invested enterprises can raise funds through public issuance of stocks, corporate bonds and other securities in accordance with the law. Overall, The Foreign Investment Law establishes the clear principle of applying national treatment to FIEs except those engaged in industries on the 2021 Negative List or the 2024 Negative List. Since our current and planned business is not on the 2021 Negative List or the 2024 Negative List, to the best of our knowledge, it will not create any material adverse effect to our Company’s business.
Regulations Relating to Internet Information Security and Privacy Protection
Internet information in China is regulated from a national security standpoint. The National People’s Congress of China, has enacted the Decisions on Preserving Internet Security in December 2000, which was further amended in August 2009 and subjects violators to potential criminal punishment in China for any attempt to: (i) gain improper entry into a computer or system of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information; (v) infringe intellectual property rights or damage business credit or reputation of others; (vi) intentionally make, spread computer viruses and other destructive programs, attack computer systems and communication networks which lead to damages to such systems and networks; (vii) carry out theft, fraud, racketeering through internet; and (viii) other activities prohibited by relevant laws and regulations. The Ministry of Public Security of the PRC, or the MPS, has promulgated the Administrative Measures for the Computer Information Network and Internet Security Protection in December 1997 and amended it in January 2011, which prohibits use of the internet in ways which, among other things, result in a leak of state secrets or a spread of socially destabilizing content. If an internet information service provider violates these measures, the MPS and its local branches may issue warning, confiscate the illegal gains, impose fines, and, in severe cases, advice competent authority to revoke its operating license or shut down its websites.
65
Under the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services, issued by the MIIT in December 2011 and implemented in March 2012, an internet information service provider may not collect any user personal information or provide any such information to third parties without the consent of the user. An internet information service provider must expressly inform the users of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user personal information and may only collect such information necessary for the provision of its services. An internet information service provider is also required to properly maintain the user’s personal information, and in case of any leak or likely leak of the user’s personal information, the internet information service provider must take immediate remedial measures and, in severe circumstances, immediately report to the telecommunications authority. Moreover, pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issued by the SCNPC in August 2015 and implemented in November 2015, any internet service provider that fails to fulfill the obligations related to internet information security administration as required by applicable laws and refuses to rectify upon orders, shall be subject to criminal penalty for the result of (i) any dissemination of illegal information in large scale; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of the customer’s information; (ii) any severe effect due to leakage of the customers’ information, (iii) any serious loss of criminal evidence; or (iv) other severe situation. Any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others in a way violating the applicable law, or (ii) steals or illegally obtains any personal information, shall be subject to criminal penalty in severe situation. In addition, the Interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate of the PRC on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Infringing Personal Information, issued in May 2017 and implemented in June 2017, clarified certain standards for the conviction and sentencing of the criminals in relation to personal information infringement.
In November 2016, the SCNPC promulgated the Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017. On October 28, 2025, the SCNPC issued the Decision to Amend the Cybersecurity Law of the PRC. The amended Cybersecurity Law will come into effect on January 1, 2026. The Cybersecurity Law requires that a network operator, which includes, among others, internet information services providers, take technical measures and other necessary measures in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and the compulsory requirements of the national and industrial standards to safeguard the safe and stable operation of its networks. We are subject to such requirements as we operate website and apps and providing certain internet services mainly through our website and apps. The Cybersecurity Law further requires internet information service providers to formulate contingency plans for network security incidents, report to the competent departments immediately upon the occurrence of any incident endangering cyber security and take corresponding remedial measures.
Internet information service providers are also required to maintain the integrity, confidentiality and availability of network data. The Cybersecurity Law reaffirms the basic principles and requirements specified in other existing laws and regulations on personal data protection, such as the requirements on the collection, use, processing, storage and disclosure of personal data, and the requirements for internet information service providers to take technical and other necessary measures to ensure the security of personal information collected from being divulged, damaged or lost. Any violation of the Cybersecurity Law may subject the internet information service provider to warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses, shutdown of websites or criminal liabilities.
66
Furthermore, MIIT’s Rules on Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users promulgated in July 2013 and implemented in September 2013, contain detailed requirements on the use and collection of personal information as well as security measures required to be taken by telecommunications business operators and internet information service providers.
On June 28, 2016, the CAC promulgated the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services, or the APP Provisions, which was implemented on August 1, 2016 and amended June 14, 2022. Under the APP Provisions, mobile application providers are prohibited from engaging in any activity that may endanger national security, disturb the social order, or infringe the legal rights of third parties, or producing, copying, issuing or disseminating through internet mobile applications any content prohibited by laws and regulations. The APP Provisions also require application providers to procure relevant qualifications required by laws and regulations to provide services through such applications.
In June 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Data Security Law of the PRC, or the Data Security Law, which became effective on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law is formulated for data security and data protection, and sets forth the requirements for enterprises to serve as the first responsibility bearer for safeguarding data security. The Data Security Law introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the materiality of data in economic and social development, as well as the degree of harm it will cause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of persons or entities when such data is tampered with, destroyed, divulged, or illegally acquired or used. It also provides for a security review procedure for the data activities which may affect national security. We may be subject to such requirements as we operate website and apps, and provide certain internet services mainly through our website and apps. The Data Security Law further requires the entities conducting data handling activities by using the internet shall, based on the graded cybersecurity protection system, establish a data security management system across the entire workflow, organize and conduct data security education and training, and adopt the corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures to ensure data security.
The Cybersecurity Review Measures, or the Review Measures, which were promulgated on April 13, 2020, and amended December 28, 2021, became effective on February 15, 2022. The Review Measures provide that online platform operator holding more than one million users/users’ individual information shall be subject to cybersecurity review before listing abroad. The Regulations on the Administration of Cyber Data Security were promulgated on September 24, 2024, and came into effect on January 1, 2025. The Regulations provide as follows: Where network data processors need to provide important data collected and generated during their operations within the territory of the People’s Republic of China to overseas parties, they shall undergo a data export security assessment organized by the national cybersecurity and informatization authority.If the network data processor identifies and declares important data in accordance with relevant state regulations, but such data has not been designated or publicly disclosed as important data by the relevant region or authority, it is not required to be treated as important data for the purpose of declaring a data export security assessment. Data processor means an individual or organization that independently make decisions on the purpose and manner of processing in data processing activities.
67
The Review Measures also provide that if a critical information infrastructure operator, or CIIO, purchases internet products and services that affect or may affect national security, it should be subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC. Due to the lack of further interpretations, the exact scope of what constitutes a “CIIO” remains unclear. Further, the PRC government authorities may have wide discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these laws. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not received any notice from any authorities identifying us as a CIIO or requiring us to undertake a cybersecurity review by the CAC. Further, as of the date of this prospectus, we have not been subject to any penalties, fines, suspensions, or investigations from any competent authorities for violation of the regulations or policies that have been issued by the CAC. We do not believe that we are subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for this offering, given that: (i) we are a company that provide business-to-business software solutions that does not maintain data of individuals on our server as of the date of this prospectus; and (ii) data processed in our business is less likely to have a bearing on national security, thus making it unlikely for such data to be classified as core or important data by the authorities.
It also remains uncertain as to how the Review Measures and the Regulations on the Administration of Cyber Data Security will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Review Measures and the Regulations on the Administration of Cyber Data Security. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation come into effect, we will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply. We cannot assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, would take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can fully or timely comply with such laws should they be deemed applicable to our operations. There is no certainty as to how such review or prescribed actions would impact our operations and we cannot guarantee that any clearance can be obtained or any actions that may be required can be taken in a timely manner, or at all. It is possible that CAC may require us to file for cybersecurity review. The cybersecurity review procedure usually takes 55-70 business days or even longer in some special cases to complete.
On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law of the PRC, or the Personal Information Protection Law, which became effective on November 1, 2021. As the first systematic and comprehensive law specifically for the protection of personal information in the PRC, the Personal Information Protection Law provides, among others, that (i) an individual’s consent shall be obtained to use sensitive personal information, such as biometric characteristics and individual location tracking, (ii) personal information operators using sensitive personal information shall notify individuals of the necessity of such use and impact on the individual’s rights, and (iii) where personal information operators reject an individual’s request to exercise his or her rights, the individual may file a lawsuit with a People’s Court.
68
Regulations Relating to Intellectual Property
Copyright
China has adopted comprehensive legislation governing intellectual property rights, including trademarks and copyrights. China is a signatory to the primary international conventions on intellectual property rights and has been a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights since its accession to the WTO in December 2001.
In September 1990, the SCNPC promulgated the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China, effective in June 1991 and amended in 2001,2010 and 2020 respectively. The amended Copyright Law extends copyright protection to internet activities, products disseminated over the internet and software products. In addition, there is a voluntary registration system administered by the Copyright Protection Centre of China.
In order to further implement the Computer Software Protection Regulations, promulgated by the State Council in December 2001 and amended in 2011 and 2013 respectively, the National Copyright Administration issued the "Measures for the Registration of Copyright in Computer Software" in February 2002. These measures detail the procedures and requirements for the registration of software copyrights.
Trademark
According to the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China, promulgated by the SCNPC in August 1982 and amended in 1993, 2001, 2013 and 2019 respectively, the Trademark Office of China National Intellectual Property Administration is responsible for the registration and administration of trademarks and is also responsible for resolving trademark disputes in China. Registered trademarks are valid for ten years from the date the registration is approved. A registrant may apply to renew a registration within twelve months before the expiration date of the registration. If the registrant fails to apply in a timely manner, a grace period of six additional months may be granted. If the registrant fails to apply before the grace period expires, the registered trademark shall be deregistered. Renewed registrations are valid for ten years. In April 2014, the State Council issued the revised Implementation Regulation of the Trademark Law, which specified the requirements of applying for trademark registration and review.
Patent
According to the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated by the SCNPC in 1984 and amended in 1992, 2000, 2008 and 2020 respectively, a patentable invention or a utility model must meet three criteria: novelty, inventiveness and practicability. A patent is valid for a twenty-year term for an invention and a ten-year term for a utility model or design, starting from the application date.
69
Domain Names
In May 2012, the China Internet Network Information Center issued the Implementing Rules for Domain Name Registration setting forth the detailed rules for registration of domain names. It was later repealed by the Rules for the Implementation of Registration of National Top-Level Domains, which were promulgated and came into effect on June 18, 2019. In August 2017, the MIIT promulgated the Administrative Measures on Internet Domain Names, or the Domain Name Measures. The Domain Name Measures regulate the registration of domain names, such as the top-level domain name “.cn”.
Regulations on Offshore Parent Holding Companies’ Direct Investment in and Loans to Their PRC Subsidiaries
An offshore company may invest equity in a PRC company, which will become the PRC subsidiary of the offshore holding company after investment. Such equity investment is subject to a series of laws and regulations generally applicable to any foreign-invested enterprise in China, all as amended from time to time, and their respective implementing rules; the Administrative Provisions on Foreign Exchange in Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors (It was amended by the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Announcing the Repeal and Invalidation of Certain Foreign Exchange Regulatory Normative Documents and Relevant Provisions, and partially repealed by the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the Repeal and Invalidation of Five Foreign Exchange Regulatory Normative Documents and Certain Provisions of Seven Others.); and the Notice of the State Administration on Foreign Exchange on Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies for Direct Investment (It was partially repealed by the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the Repeal and Invalidation of Five Foreign Exchange Regulatory Normative Documents and Certain Provisions of Seven Others.). Under the aforesaid laws and regulations, the increase of the registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise is subject to the prior approval by the original approval authority of its establishment. In addition, the increase of registered capital and total investment amount shall both be reported to and registered with SAMR and SAFE. Shareholder loans made by offshore parent holding companies to their PRC subsidiaries are regarded as foreign debts in China for regulatory purpose, which is subject to a number of PRC laws and regulations, including the PRC Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, the Interim Measures on Administration on Foreign Debts, the Tentative Provisions on the Statistics Monitoring of Foreign Debts and its implementation rules, and the Administration Rules on the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange. Under these regulations, the shareholder loans made by offshore parent holding companies to their PRC subsidiaries shall be registered with SAFE.
Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange
Pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, as amended in August 2008, the RMB is freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside the PRC, unless SAFE’s prior approval is obtained and prior registration with SAFE is made. In May 2013 SAFE promulgated the Circular of SAFE on Printing and Distributing the Administrative Provision on Foreign Exchange in Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and Relevant Supporting Documents which provides for and simplifies the operational steps and regulations on foreign exchange matters related to direct investment by foreign investors, including foreign exchange registration, account opening and use, receipt and payment of funds, and settlement and sales of foreign exchange.
Pursuant to the Circular on Relevant Issues concerning Foreign Exchange Administration of Overseas Investment and Financing and Return Investments Conducted by Domestic Residents through Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles or SAFE Circular 37, promulgated by SAFE and which became effective on July 4, 2014, (a) a PRC resident shall register with the local SAFE branch before he or she contributes assets or equity interests in an overseas special purpose vehicle, or Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV), that is directly established or controlled by the PRC Resident for the purpose of conducting investment or financing; and (b) following the initial registration, the PRC Resident is also required to register with the local SAFE branch for any major change, in respect of the Overseas SPV, including, among other things, a change of the Overseas SPV’s PRC Resident shareholder(s), name of the Overseas SPV, term of operation, or any increase or reduction of the Overseas SPV’s registered capital, share transfer or swap, and merger or division. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, failure to comply with these registration procedures may result in penalties.
Pursuant to the Circular of SAFE on Further Simplifying and Improving the Direct Investment-related Foreign Exchange Administration Policies, or SAFE Notice 13, which was promulgated on February 13, 2015 and with effect from June 1, 2015, the foreign exchange registration under domestic direct investment and the foreign exchange registration under overseas direct investment is directly reviewed and handled by banks in accordance with the SAFE Notice 13, and the SAFE and its branches shall perform indirect regulation over the foreign exchange registration via banks.
70
Regulations Relating to Dividend Distribution
The principal regulations governing dividend distributions of wholly foreign-owned enterprises include:
| ● | the Company Law (2023 Revision); |
| ● | the Foreign Investment Law |
| ● | the Regulations on the Implementation of Foreign Investment Law |
Under these regulations, wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, Guangzhou Sanyi Network, as wholly foreign-owned enterprises, are required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital.
Regulations Relating to Overseas Listings
In August 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the CSRC, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, amended in June 2009. The M&A Rules, among other things, require that if an overseas company established or controlled by PRC companies or individuals, or PRC Citizens, intends to acquire equity interests or assets of any other PRC domestic company affiliated with the PRC Citizens, such acquisition must be submitted to MOFCOM for approval. The M&A Rules also require that an Overseas SPV that is controlled by PRC companies or individuals and that has acquired PRC domestic companies’ equities with the SPV’s shares shall obtain CSRC approval prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures and five supporting guidelines, which will become effective on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Administrative Measures, among other requirements, (1) a domestic company that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfil the filing procedures with the CSRC, failure of which may result in administrative penalties for the domestic company; (2) if the issuer meets both of the following conditions, the overseas offering and listing shall be determined as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a domestic company: (i) any of the total assets, net assets, revenues or profits of the domestic operating entities of the issuer in the most recent accounting year accounts for more than 50% of the corresponding figure in the issuer’s audited consolidated financial statements for the same period; (ii) its major operational activities are carried out in China or its main places of business are located in China, or the senior managers in charge of operation and management of the issuer are mostly Chinese citizens or are domiciled in China; and (3) where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity responsible for all filing procedures with the CSRC, and such filings shall be submitted to the CSRC within three business days after the submission of the overseas offering and listing application.
On the same day, the CSRC also held a press conference for the release of the Trial Administrative Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which clarifies that (1) on or prior to the effective date of the Trial Administrative Measures, domestic companies that have already submitted valid applications for overseas offering and listing but have not obtained approval from overseas regulatory agencies or stock exchanges may reasonably arrange the timing for submitting their filing applications with the CSRC, and must complete the filing before the completion of their overseas offering and listing; and (2) a six-month transition period will be granted to domestic companies which, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, have already obtained the approval from overseas regulatory agencies or stock exchanges, but have not completed the indirect overseas listing; if domestic companies fail to complete the overseas listing within such six-month transition period, they shall file with the CSRC according to the requirements.
71
On February 24, 2023, the CSRC revised the Archives Rules issued in 2009, and the revised Archives Rules became effect on March 31, 2023. In the overseas listing activities of domestic companies, domestic companies, as well as securities companies and securities service institutions providing relevant securities services thereof, should establish a sound system of confidentiality and archival work, shall not disclose state secrets, or harm the state and public interests. Where a domestic company provides or publicly discloses to the relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals, or provides or publicly discloses through its overseas listing entity, any document or material involving any state secret or any work secret of any governmental agency, it shall report to the competent authority for approval in accordance with the law, and submit to the secrecy administration department for filing.
Regulations Relating to Employment
The Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Labor Law, which became effective in January 1995 and was amended in 2018, and the Employment Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Employment Contract Law, which became effective in January 2008 and was amended in 2012, require employers to provide written contracts to their employees, restrict the use of temporary workers and aim to give employees long-term job security. Employers must pay their employees’ wages equal to or above local minimum wage standards, establish labor safety and workplace sanitation systems, comply with state labor rules and standards and provide employees with appropriate training on workplace safety. In September 2008, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Regulations for the PRC Employment Contract Law which became effective immediately and interprets and supplements the provisions of the Employment Contract Law.
Under the Labor Contract Law, an employer shall limit the number of dispatched workers so that they do not exceed a certain percentage of its total number of workers. In January 2014, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatching, which became effective in March 2014, pursuant to which it provides that the number of dispatched workers used by an employer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees.
The PRC governmental authorities have passed a variety of laws and regulations regarding social insurance and housing funds from time to time, including, among others, the Social Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulation of Insurance for Labor Injury, the Regulations of Insurance for Unemployment, the Provisional Insurance Measures for Maternal Employees, the Interim Administrative Provisions on Registration of Social Insurance and the Administrative Regulations on the Housing Provident Fund. Pursuant to these laws and regulations, enterprises in the PRC shall provide their employees with welfare schemes covering pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, occupational injury insurance and medical insurance, as well as housing fund and other welfare plans. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in various fines and legal sanctions and supplemental contributions to the local social insurance and housing fund regulatory agencies.
Regulations Relating to Customer Rights Protection
The PRC Customer Rights and Interests Protection Law, or Customer Protection Law, as amended October 25, 2013 and implemented on March 15, 2014, sets out the obligations of business operators and the rights and interests of the customers. Pursuant to this law, business operators must guarantee that the commodities they sell satisfy the requirements for personal or property safety, provide customers with authentic information about the commodities, and guarantee the quality, function, usage and term of validity of the commodities. Failure to comply with the Customer Protection Law may subject business operators to civil liabilities such as refunding purchase prices, exchange of commodities, repairing, ceasing damages, compensation, and restoring reputation, and even subject the business operators or the responsible individuals to criminal penalties if business operators commit crimes by infringing the legitimate rights and interests of customers.
72
Regulations Relating to Tax in the PRC
Income Tax
The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law was promulgated in March 2007 and was most recently amended in December 2018. The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law applies a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate to both foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, except where tax incentives are granted to special industries and projects. Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, an enterprise established outside China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. Under the implementation regulations to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise.
In April 2009, MOF and SAT jointly issued the Notice on Issues Concerning Process of Enterprise Income Tax in Enterprise Restructuring Business, or Circular 59, which was subsequently amended in December 2014. In December 2009, SAT issued the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Circular 698. Both Circular 59 and Circular 698 became effective retroactively as of January 2008. In March 2011, SAT issued the Notice on Several Issues Regarding the Income Tax of Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Circular 24, effective in April 2011. By promulgating and implementing these circulars, the PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise by a non-resident enterprise.
In February 2015, SAT issued the Notice on Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Circular 7, to supersede existing provisions in relation to the indirect transfer as set forth in Circular 698, while the other provisions of Circular 698 remain in force. SAT Circular 7 introduces a new tax regime that is significantly different from that under Circular 698. SAT Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to capture not only indirect transfers as set forth under Circular 698 but also transactions involving transfer of immovable property in China and assets held under the establishment, and placement in China, of a foreign company through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. SAT Circular 7 also addresses transfer of the equity interest in a foreign intermediate holding company broadly. In addition, SAT Circular 7 provides clearer criteria than Circular 698 on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and introduces safe harbor scenarios applicable to internal group restructurings. However, it also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee of the indirect transfer as they have to determine whether the transaction should be subject to PRC tax and to file or withhold the PRC tax accordingly. In October 2017, SAT issued the Announcement on Issues Relating to Withholding at Source of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises, or the SAT Circular 37, amended in June 2018. The SAT Circular 37 superseded the Non-resident Enterprises Measures and SAT Circular 698 as a whole and partially amended some provisions in SAT Circular 24 and SAT Circular 7. SAT Circular 37 purports to clarify certain issues in the implementation of the above regime, by providing, among others, the definition of equity transfer income and tax basis, the foreign exchange rate to be used in the calculation of withholding amount, and the date of occurrence of the withholding obligation. Specifically, SAT Circular 37 provides that where the transfer income subject to withholding at source is derived by a non-PRC resident enterprise in installments, the installments may first be treated as recovery of costs of previous investments. Upon recovery of all costs, the tax amount to be withheld must then be computed and withheld.
Value-Added Tax
The PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993, which became effective on January 1, 1994 and were subsequently amended from time to time. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax (2011 Revision) was promulgated by the MOF on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended December 15, 2008 and October 28, 2011. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated the Decisions on Abolishing the PRC Provisional Regulations on Business Tax and Amending the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to these regulations, rules and decisions, all enterprises and individuals engaged in sale of goods, provision of processing, repair, and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property, and the importation of goods within the PRC territory are VAT taxpayers. On March 21, 2019, the MOF, the SAT, and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued the Announcement on Relevant Policies on Deepen the Reform of Value-Added Tax. Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of VAT. The VAT is based on gross sales price, starting from April 1, 2019, the VAT rate was lowered to 13%.
On December 25, 2024, the “Value-Added Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China” was promulgated by the State Council and will come into effect on January 1, 2026. According to this law, entities and individuals (including individual businesses) that sell goods, services, intangible assets, or immovable property within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, or import goods, are VAT taxpayers and shall pay value-added tax in accordance with regulations. Unless otherwise stipulated, the tax rate for taxpayers selling goods, providing processing, repair and replacement services, leasing tangible movable property, or importing goods is 13%.
73
Regulations Related to the British Virgin Islands
Regulations related to the BVI Data Protection Act, 2021
The Data Protection Act, 2021 (the “BVI DPA”) came into force in the BVI on 9 July 2021. The BVI DPA establishes a framework of rights and duties designed to safeguard individuals’ personal data, balanced against the need of public authorities, businesses and organizations to collect and use personal data for lawful purposes. The BVI DPA is centered around seven data protection principles (the General Principle, the Notice and Choice Principle, the Disclosure Principle, the Security Principle, the Retention Principle, the Data Protection Principle and the Access Principle) which require that:
| ● | personal data must not be processed without consent unless specific conditions are met and must not be transferred outside the BVI, unless there is proof of adequate data protection safeguards or consent from the data subject; |
| ● | where consent has been given to processing of personal data, the data subject may at any time withdraw his or her consent; |
| ● | a data controller must inform a data subject of specific matters, for instance the purposes for which it is being collected and further processed; |
| ● | personal data must not be disclosed for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was to be disclosed at the time of collection or a purpose directly related thereto or to any party other than a third party of a class previously notified to the data subject; |
| ● | a data controller shall, when processing personal data, take practical steps to protect personal data from loss, misuse, modification, unauthorized or accidental access or disclosure, alteration or destruction; |
| ● | personal data must not be kept for longer than is necessary for the purpose; |
| ● | personal data must be accurate, complete, not misleading and kept up to date; and |
| ● | a data subject must be given access to his or her own personal data and be able to correct that data where it is inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or not up to date, except where a request for such access or correction is refused under the BVI DPA. |
The BVI DPA imposes specific obligations on data controllers, including the duty to (i) apply the data protection principles; and (ii) respond in a timely fashion to requests from data subjects in relation to their personal data.
The Information Commissioner is the regulator responsible for the proper functioning and enforcement of the BVI DPA. Offences under the BVI DPA include
| ● | processing sensitive personal data in contravention of the BVI DPA; |
| ● | willfully obstructing the Information Commissioner or an authorized officer in the conduct of his or her duties and functions; |
| ● | willfully disclosing personal information in contravention of the BVI DPA; and |
| ● | collecting, storing or disposing of personal information in a manner that contravenes the BVI DPA. |
Offences committed under the BVI DPA may result in fines (up to US$500,000 in certain cases) or imprisonment. Further, a data subject who suffers damage or distress as a result of their data being processed in contravention of the BVI DPA may institute civil proceedings in the BVI courts.
74
Regulations Related to our Business Operation in Hong Kong
Regulations Relating to Personal Data and Privacy Protection
In Hong Kong, the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486 of the Laws of Hong Kong, “PDPO”) applies to data users who control the collection, holding, processing or use of personal data in Hong Kong. These data users shall not do any act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes any of the data protection principles (“DPP”), set out in Schedule 1 to the PDPO. DPP set out that (1) personal data must be collected in a lawful and fair way, for a purpose directly related to a function or activity of the data user. Data subjects must be notified of the purpose for which the data is to be used for and the classes of persons to whom the data may be transferred. Data collected should be adequate but not excessive; (2) personal data must be accurate and should not be kept for a period longer than necessary for the fulfilment of the purpose for which the data is or is to be used; (3) personal data must be used for the purpose for which the data is collected or for a directly related purpose unless voluntary and explicit consent with a new purpose is obtained from the data subject; (4) a data user shall take practicable steps to safeguard any personal data held against unauthorized or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use; (5) a data user shall take practicable steps to ensure that its policies and practices in relation to personal data, the kind of personal data it holds and the main purposes for which the personal data is or is to be used for are made known to the public; and (6) a data shall be entitled to request access to personal data and must be allowed to correct the personal data if it is inaccurate.
HK 3e Network will be subject to the general requirements under the PDPO including the need to obtain the prescribed consent of the data subject and to take all practicable steps to protect the personal data held by data users against unauthorized or accidental access, loss or use. Breaches of the PDPO may lead to a variety of civil and criminal sanctions including fines. In addition, data subjects have a right to bring proceedings in court to seek compensation for damage. HK 3e Network has not received any notice, warning, sanction, or any regulatory objection for any breach of data security laws and regulations in Hong Kong.
Regulations in Relating to Intellectual Property
Copyright
The Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528 of the Laws of Hong Kong) protects recognized categories of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work, as well as sound recordings, films, broadcasts and cable programs, and typographical arrangement of published editions. Certain acts such as copying and/or issuing or making available copies to the public of a copyright work without the authorization from the copyright owner would constitute “primary infringement” of copyright which does not require knowledge of infringement.
In addition, a person may incur civil liability for “secondary infringement” under the Copyright Ordinance if that person possess, sells, lets for hire, distributes or deals with a copy of a work which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, an infringing copy of the work for the purposes of or in the course of any trade or business without the consent of the copyright owner. However, the person will only be liable if, at the time he committed the act, he knew or had reason to believe that he was dealing with infringing copies.
Under section 118 of the Copyright Ordinance, a person commits a criminal offence if he, without the licence of the copyright owner of a copyright work, makes for sale or hire an infringing copy of the work or possess an infringing copy of the work with a view to its being, among others, sold or let for hire by any person for the purpose of or in the course of that trade or business.
Under section 119A of the Copyright Ordinance, there is a provision against copying service business which imposes criminal liability when a person, for the purpose of or in the course of a copying service business, possess a reprographic copy of a copyright work as published in a book, magazine or periodical, being a copy that is an infringing copy of the copyright work. It is a defense for the person charged to prove that he did not know and had no reason to believe that the copy of a copyright work in question was an infringing copy of the copyright law.
75
Trademark
The Trade Marks Ordinance (Chapter 559 of the Laws of Hong Kong) provides for the registration, use and protection of trademarks.
Under section 18 of the Trade Marks Ordinance, it is provided that a person infringes a registered trademark if the person uses in the course of trade or business a sign which is: (a) identical to the trademark in relation to goods or services which are identical to those for which it is registered; (b) identical to the trademark in relation to goods or services which are similar to those for which it is registered; and the use of the sign in relation to those goods or services is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public; (c) similar to the trademark in relation to goods or services which are identical or similar to those for which it is registered; and the use of the sign in relation to those goods or services is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public; or (d) identical or similar mark in relation to goods or services which are not identical or similar to those for which the trademark is registered; the trademark is entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trademark; and the use of the sign, being without due cause, takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or repute of a trademark.
Trademarks registered in other countries or regions are not automatically entitled to protection in Hong Kong unless they are also registered under the Trade Marks Ordinance. Nevertheless, trademarks which are not registered under the Trade Marks Ordinance may still obtain protection by the common law action of passing off, which requires proof of the owner’s reputation in the unregistered trademark and that use of the trademark by third parties will cause damages to the owner.
Regulations Relating to Customer Rights Protection
Sale of Goods Ordinance (Chapter 26 of the Laws of Hong Kong)
The Sale of Goods Ordinance (Chapter 26 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“SOGO”) aims to codify the laws relating to the sale of goods.
Section 15 of SOGO provides that where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description, there is an implied condition that the goods shall correspond with the description.
Section 16 of SOGO provides that where a seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of merchantable quality, except that there is no such condition (i) as regards to defects specifically drawn to the buyer’s attention before the contract is made; or (ii) if the buyer examines the goods before the contract is made, as regards defects which that examination ought to reveal; or (iii) if the contract is a contract by sample, as regards defects which would have been apparent on a reasonable examination of the sample.
Pursuant to section 17 of SOGO, where there is a contract for sale by sample, there are implied conditions that (i) the bulk shall correspond with the sample in quality; (ii) the buyer shall have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample; and (iii) the goods shall be free from any defects, rendering them unmerchantable, which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample.
Supply of Services (Implied Terms) Ordinance (Chapter 457 of the Laws of Hong Kong)
The Supply of Services (Implied Terms) Ordinance (Chapter 457 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“SOSO”) aims to consolidate and amend the laws with respect to the terms to be implied in contract for the supply of services (including a contract for the supply of a service whether or not the goods are also transferred or to be transferred, or bailed or to be bailed by way of hire).
Section 5 of SOSO provides that, where the supplier is acting in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the supplier will carry out the service with reasonable care and skill.
Section 6 of SOSO provides that, where the supplier is acting in the course of a business, the time for service to be carried out is not fixed by the contract, is not left to be fixed in a manner agreed by the contract or is not determined by the course of dealing between the parties, there is an implied term that the supplier will carry out the service within a reasonable time.
76
MANAGEMENT
Set forth below is information concerning our directors, executive officers and other key employees.
The following individuals are members of the Board and management of the Company as of the date of this prospectus.
| Name | Age | Position(s) | ||
| Tingjun Yang | 43 | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Hailiang Jia | 49 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Hao Liu | 39 | Independent Director | ||
| Fenfen Qi | 43 | Independent Director | ||
| Yu Liu | 42 | Independent Director |
The following is a brief biography of each of our executive officers and directors:
Dr. Tingjun Yang, 43, Chief Executive Officer, IT Security Officer and member of the board of directors. Dr. Yang first joined HK 3e Network in October 2023 as its chief executive officer. He started to serve as IT security officer since January 2024 and member of the board of directors since August 2024. Previously, from September 2013 to September 2023, Dr. Yang served as head of technology for Hangzhou Phantec Co. Ltd., a technology company he helped found that focuses on data analytics and data mining. Dr. Yang has extensive research experience in data analytics. Before helping establish Hangzhou Phantec Co. Ltd., from June 2010 to September 2013, Dr. Yang spent almost three years conducting research and working on his PhD dissertation in computer science at his alma mater, Zhejiang University. From July 2009 to June 2010, Dr. Yang served as a structure engineer for Alibaba Cloud Computing Co. Ltd., the cloud computing division of Alibaba Group, one of the largest Chinese technology companies. Dr. Yang received his PhD in computer science in 2015 and his Bachelor’s degree in computer science in 2004, both from Zhejiang University.
Mr. Hailiang Jia, 49, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Jia started to serve as our Chief Financial Officer since November, 2024. Mr. Jia possesses over two decades of extensive experience in corporate finance and accounting and was in charge of the corporate finance, accounting, audit, budget management, and risk control works in multiple companies in the PRC. From June 2003 to October 2008, Mr. Jia served as the Chief Financial Officer at Henan Haiyang Chemical Fiber Group Co., LTD. in China. Between November 2008 and October 2014, he served as the Chief Financial Officer at Zhengzhou Sanhui Electric Co., LTD. in China. From November 2014 to October 2019, Mr. Jia served as the Chief Financial Officer of Zhengzhou Wote Energy-saving Technology Co., LTD. in China. Between November 2019 and December 2021, he was an independent market researcher and entrepreneur. Starting from August 2022, Mr. Jia has been a certified public accountant at Hebei Huatai United Accounting Firm. Mr. Jia has concurrently served as an independent director of AGM Group Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq: AGMH) since June 2025. Mr. Jia received a bachelor’s degree in finance and accounting from Henan University of Technology (formerly known as Henan Food University) in 2000 and a master’s degree of business administration from the same university in 2013.
Mr. Hao Liu, 39, has served as a member of the board of directors since December 2024. From October 2017 to February 2019, Mr. Liu worked as the Chief Technology Officer at Huasheng Securities, a securities company in China. Mr. Liu is the founder of Shenzhen Columbus Digital Technology Co., Ltd., a leading company in data technology in China, and has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the company since January 2020. He is the co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Jeethen Capital since August, 2021. From March 2021 to August 2021, Mr. Liu served as Chief Executive Officer and Director of Mercurity Fintech Holding Inc. (Nasdaq: MFH), a Nasdaq-listed company, where he successfully led the company’s business transformation and upgrade. Starting from August 2021, Mr. Liu has served as a vice president at Firming Securities, a securities company in Hong Kong. Pioneering the integration of artificial intelligence technologies with quantitative trading, Mr. Liu’s work in developing financial algorithm cloud services has supported over 150 publicly-listed companies and brokerage firms. Under his leadership, his team also developed cross-chain clearing technology, which has greatly promoted the application of related fintech. Additionally, Mr. Liu is an angel investor in several fintech companies. Mr. Liu received a bachelor’s degree in software engineering from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in China in 2008.
Ms. Fenfen Qi, 43, has extensive experience in art design and management. She has served as the chief operating officer of BigBeaver Tech Limited since August 2024, where she is responsible for design strategy, creative project oversight and operational management. From June 2015 to January 2019, Ms. Qi was a manager at Cangliang Information Technology Co., where she was responsible for brand strategy development, team management and oversight of design and user interface projects. Ms. Qi received a Ph.D. degree from Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2024, a master’s degree from South China Normal University in 2008 and a bachelor’s degree from Northwest Normal University in 2005.
77
Mr. Yu Liu, 42, has served as a member of the board of directors since December 2024. From September 2007 to August 2008, Mr. Liu served as Senior Engineer at Huayi Electric Co., Ltd. Between July 2016 and July 2018, he was General Manager at Henan Longshibo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., where he led several provincial-level technological projects related to intelligent big data systems, including the comprehensive big data platform for smart cities and the big data platform for smart transportation projects. Since October 2018, Mr. Liu has been General Manager of Shenzhen Hongyun Tongda Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of HPF Co., Ltd. (SHE: 300350), an A share-listed company in China. Earlier in his career, Mr. Liu had worked at the Center for Engineering and Scientific Computation at Zhejiang University. Mr. Liu received a bachelor’s degree from Jilin University in China in 2007, a master’s degree in electrical automation from the University of Sheffield in UK in 2008, and a Ph.D. in aerospace information technology from Zhejiang University in China in 2016.
Family Relationships
None of the directors or executive officers have a family relationship as defined in Item 401 of Regulation S-K.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years, been involved in any legal proceedings described in subparagraph (f) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K.
Board of Directors
As of the date of this prospectus, our board of directors consists of four directors, including three independent directors, namely Fenfen Qi, Hao Liu, and Yu Liu, and our board of directors has determined that each of them satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Listing Rules of Nasdaq Stock Market and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
Duties of Directors
Under BVI law, our directors owe fiduciary duties both at common law and under statute, including a statutory duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. When exercising powers or performing duties as a director, our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonable director would exercise in comparable circumstances, taking into account without limitation the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the position of the director and the nature of the responsibilities undertaken by him. In exercising the powers of a director, the directors must exercise their powers for a proper purpose and shall not act or agree to the company acting in a manner that contravenes our Amended and Restated Articles or the BVI Act. See “Description of Shares — Differences in Corporate Law” for additional information on our directors’ fiduciary duties under BVI law. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our Amended and Restated Articles. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| ● | appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers; |
| ● | executing checks, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and |
| ● | maintaining or registering a register of relevant charges of the company. |
78
Terms of Directors and Executive Officers
Each of our directors holds office until a successor has been duly elected and qualified unless the director was appointed by the board of directors, in which case such director holds office until the next following annual meeting of shareholders at which time such director is eligible for reelection. All of our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors.
Qualification
There is currently no shareholding qualification for directors, although a shareholding qualification for directors may be fixed by our shareholders by ordinary resolution.
Insider Participation Concerning Executive Compensation
Our board of directors, which currently consists of Tingjun Yang, Hao Liu, Fenfen Qi and Yu Liu, is making all determinations regarding executive officer compensation from the time the Company first entered into employment agreements with executive officers up until the time where the three independent directors will be installed.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have established three committees under the board of directors: An audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Even though we are exempted from corporate governance standards because we are a foreign private issuer, we have voluntarily adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Hao Liu, Fenfen Qi and Yu Liu upon the effectiveness of their appointments. Hao Liu is the chairperson of our audit committee. We have determined that Hao Liu, Fenfen Qi and Yu Liu will satisfy the “independence” requirements of Section 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Our board also has determined that Hao Liu qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of the SEC rules or possesses financial sophistication within the meaning of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; |
| ● | discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures; |
| ● | reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions; |
| ● | meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and |
| ● | monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. |
79
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Hao Liu, Fenfen Qi and Yu Liu upon the effectiveness of their appointments. Yu Liu is the chairperson of our compensation committee. The compensation committee will assist the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | reviewing and approving to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our most senior executive officers; |
| ● | approving reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the most senior executive officers; |
| ● | reviewing periodically and approving long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, if any; |
| ● | selecting compensation consultants, legal counsel or other advisors after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management; and |
| ● | programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans. |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Hao Liu, Fenfen Qi and Yu Liu upon the effectiveness of their appointments. Fenfen Qi is the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee will assist the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | identifying and recommending nominees for election or re-election to our board of directors or for appointment to fill any vacancy; |
| ● | reviewing annually with our board of directors its current composition in light of the characteristics of independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us; |
| ● | identifying and recommending to our board the directors to serve as members of committees; |
| ● | advising the board periodically with respect to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to our board of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any corrective action to be taken; and |
| ● | monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. |
Corporate Governance
The business and affairs of the company are managed under the direction of our Board. We have conducted Board meetings regularly since inception. Each of our directors has attended all meetings either in person, via telephone conference, or through written consent for special meetings. In addition to the contact information in this prospectus, the Board has adopted procedures for communication with the officers and directors as the date hereof. Each shareholder will be given specific information on how he/she can direct communications to the officers and directors of the Company at our annual shareholders’ meetings. All communications from shareholders are relayed to the members of the Board.
80
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
For the year ended June 30, 2025, we did not pay compensation to our directors or executive officers. We have accrued US$34,514 as salary to our directors, and US$94,811 as salary to our directors and executive officers in total. We have not set aside or accrued any other amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers.
For the year ended June 30, 2024, we paid an aggregate of RMB1,105,996 (or US$153,083.3) in cash to our executive officers and directors. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers.
Starting from 2025, each of Hao Liu, Fenfen Qi and Yu Liu will receive annual cash compensation of US$30,000, payable quarterly according to the offer letter the Company signed with each of the independent director nominees on October 14, 2024.
Agreements with Executive Officers
Dr. Tingjun Yang entered into an employment agreement on October 12, 2023 with HK 3e Network. Pursuant to such employment agreement, Dr. Yang agreed to provide services as chief executive officer of HK 3e Network. The employment agreement has no limited terms, and provide for an annual remuneration of RMB240,000 (or US$34,514).
Furthermore, Hailiang Jia entered into an employment agreement on November 20, 2024 with us. Pursuant to such employment agreement, Mr. Jia agreed to provide services as our chief financial officer. The employment agreement has a two-year term, and provide for an annual remuneration of RMB180,000 (or US$24,914.2).
Other than the aforementioned employment agreements entered into the executive officers by our subsidiaries, the Company will sign an offer letter with each executive officer and the offer letter will be effective as of the effective date of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part.
We will also enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to this Registration Statement. Under these agreements, we agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our Company.
Equity Incentive Plan
2025 Share Incentive Plan
In October 2025, our board of directors adopted and approved an equity incentive plan, which we refer to as the 2025 Plan, to attract, motivate, retain and reward certain officers, employees, directors and other eligible persons and to further link the interests of award recipients with those of the Company’s shareholders generally. The following paragraphs summarize the key terms of the 2025 Plan.
Types of Awards. The 2025 Plan permits awards in the form of options (including incentive share options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified share options (“NSOs”)), restricted shares, restricted share units (“RSUs”), and other types of awards approved by the Administrator in accordance with the plan.
81
Share Reserve. The number of shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares available for issuance under our 2025 Plan (the “Award Pool”) is 4,754,432, plus an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year of the Company during the 2025 Plan’s initial three-year period, commencing with the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2026, by
| (i) | an amount equal to 3.0% of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or |
| (ii) | such lesser number of Class A Ordinary Shares as may be determined by our board of directors; provided that the size of the Award Pool shall be equitably adjusted in the event of any share dividend, subdivision, reclassification, recapitalization, split, reverse split, combination, consolidation or similar transactions. |
To the extent an award terminates, expires or lapses, the shares again become available; shares delivered or withheld to pay an exercise price or satisfy tax withholding may again be granted; and shares forfeited or repurchased from restricted share awards may also return to the pool, in each case subject to plan limits and ISO rules, while shares issued in assumption or substitution of awards of an acquired entity do not count against the reserve.
Administration. The 2025 Plan is administered by a committee of at least two members appointed by our board of directors (or, if no committee is appointed, the board) (the “Administrator”).
Award Terms. Each option must have an exercise price at either a fixed amount or a variable amount tied to the fair market value of our Class A ordinary shares. Each options must have a term not exceeding ten years. Vesting, exercise methods and settlement of the Awards shall be determined by the Administrator.
Eligibility. Equity awards authorized under the 2025 Plan may be granted to our employees, directors, and consultants in accordance with the terms and conditions of the 2025 Plan. However, ISOs may only be granted to our employees.
Treatment in Corporate Transactions. In the event of certain corporate transactions (including amalgamations, asset sales, liquidations, reverse takeovers, or acquisitions of more than 50% voting power), or other changes in capital structure, the Administrator may adjust outstanding awards and the share reserve and may provide for one or more of the following: (i) termination of awards after providing a limited exercise window, (ii) cash-out of awards (including termination for no payment if underwater), (iii) assumption or substitution by a successor, (iv) replacement with other rights or property, or (v) cash payment based on share value and, where applicable, with timing structured to comply with Section 409A; the 2025 Plan does not mandate automatic acceleration unless provided in the applicable award agreement or separate arrangement.
Transfer Restrictions. Awards granted under the 2025 Plan are generally non-transferable and exercisable only by the participant, with limited exceptions as provided by the 2025 Plan.
Plan Term and Amendments. The 2025 Plan will expire ten years from the date of its adoption, unless earlier terminated by our board of directors. The board of directors may amend or terminate the plan at any time, subject to shareholder approval if required by applicable law or exchange listing rules.
82
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our Class A Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares offered in this offering for:
| ● | each of our directors and executive officers who beneficially own our Class A Ordinary Shares; and |
| ● | each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5.0% of our Class A Ordinary Shares |
Beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as indicated below, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Class A Ordinary Shares shown as beneficially owned by them. As of the date of this prospectus, we have 22,621,530 Class A Ordinary Shares and 580,000 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding.
Information with respect to beneficial ownership has been furnished by each director, officer or beneficial owner of 5% or more of our Class A Ordinary Shares. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally requires that such person have voting or investment power with respect to securities. In computing the number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by a person listed below and the percentage ownership of such person, Class A Ordinary Shares underlying options, warrants or convertible securities held by each such person that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of the date of this annual report are deemed outstanding, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, or as required by applicable community property laws, all persons listed have sole voting and investment power for all Class A Ordinary Shares shown as beneficially owned by them. As of the date of the annual report, we have five shareholders of record, none of which are located in the United States.
| Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned | ||||||||||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Shares | Class B Ordinary Shares | % of Total Ordinary Shares† | % of Aggregate Voting Power* | |||||||||||||
| Directors and Executive Officers:(1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Tingjun Yang | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Hailiang Jia | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Fenfen Qi | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Hao Liu | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Yu Liu | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| 5% Principal Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||
| Shu Sang Joseph Law(2) | 7,700,000 | — | 44.18 | 27.07 | ||||||||||||
| L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund(3) | 1,795,614 | — | 9.99 | 6.31 | ||||||||||||
| Jianping Niu(4) | — | 300,000 | 1.72 | 21.09 | ||||||||||||
| Huabei Zhu(5) | — | 280,000 | 1.61 | 19.68 | ||||||||||||
| † | For each person and group included in this column, percentage ownership is calculated by dividing the number of shares beneficially owned by such person or group by the sum of the (i) 22,621,530 ordinary shares, being the total number of shares outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, and (ii) the number of shares such person or group has the right to acquire upon exercise of option, warrant or other right within 60 days after the date of this prospectus. |
| * | For each person and group included in this column, percentage of voting power is calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially
owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our ordinary shares as a single class. Each Each Class A Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to one vote at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders. Each Class B Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders. Each Class B Ordinary Share shall only be issued to the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ employees or those entities of which its principal shareholder is an employee of the Company or its subsidiaries. Shareholder’s termination of employment with the Company or its subsidiaries shall immediately result in the compulsory redemption and cancellation of any and all issued and outstanding shares of Class B Ordinary Shares held by such shareholder on the date of termination. Each Class B Ordinary Share may not be sold, assigned, transferred, alienated, commuted, anticipated, or otherwise disposed of (including by will or the laws of descent and distribution), or pledged or hypothecated as collateral for a loan or as security for the performance of any obligation, or be otherwise encumbered, and are not subject to attachment, garnishment, execution or other legal or equitable process, and any attempt to do so shall be null and void. Neither Class A Ordinary Shares nor Class B Ordinary Shares are convertible into shares of any other class of the Company. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals is No.118 Connaught Road West, 3003-2 Hong Kong, China . |
| (2) | The business address for Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law is Flat A, 7/F, Dragonview Count, 5 Kotewall Road, Hong Kong. |
| (3) | L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. David Feldman and Joel Arber are the directors of L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund. As such they may be deemed to be beneficial owners of such Class A Ordinary Shares. To the extent Mr. Feldman and Mr. Arber are deemed to beneficially own such securities, Mr. Feldman and Mr. Arber disclaim beneficial ownership of these securities for all other purposes. The business address of L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund is 161A Shedden Road, 1 Artillery Court, PO Box 10085, Grand Cayman KY1-1001, Cayman Islands. |
| (4) | The business address for Mr. Niu Jianping is No.70, Building 9, No.36, Puhui Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. |
| (5) | The business address for Mr. Zhu Huabei is No.402, Unit 3, Building 18, No.134, Jianshe Road, Muye District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province. |
We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our Company.
83
SELLING SHAREHOLDER
The Class A Ordinary Shares being offered by the Selling Shareholder are those issued or issuable to the Selling Shareholder upon conversion of the Convertible Note. For additional information regarding the issuances of those shares of Class A Ordinary Shares and the Convertible Note, see “The Private Placement” above. We are registering the Class A Ordinary Shares in order to permit the Class A Ordinary Shares to offer the shares for resale from time to time. Except that the Selling Shareholder purchased the convertible notes, warrants and pre-delivery shares from us pursuant to the securities purchase agreements entered into between us and the Selling Shareholder, the Selling Shareholder not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.
The table below lists the Selling Shareholder and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Class A Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder. The second column lists the number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Selling Shareholder, based on its ownership of the Class A Ordinary Shares, as of the date of this prospectus, giving effect to beneficial ownership limitations.
The third column lists the Class A Ordinary Shares being offered by this prospectus by the Selling Shareholder.
In accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement with the Selling Shareholder, this prospectus generally covers the resale of the sum of (the maximum number of Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Note, determined based on the Floor Price set forth therein, was fully converted, without regard to any limitations on the conversion thereof. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Shareholder pursuant to this prospectus.
Under the terms of the Convertible Note and the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Selling Shareholder may not convert the Convertible Note to the extent (but only to the extent) it or any of its affiliates would beneficially own a number of Class A Ordinary Shares which would exceed 9.99% of the total Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of conversion. The number of shares in the second column reflects these limitations. The Selling Shareholder may sell all, some or none of its shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution”.
| Name of Selling Shareholder | Number of Class A Ordinary Shares Owned Prior to Offering | Percentage of Class A Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering | Maximum Number of shares of Common Stock to be Sold Pursuant to this Prospectus* | Number of shares of Common Stock Owned After Offering | Percentage of Class A Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned After Offering | |||||||||||||||
| L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund | 2,372,130 | 9.99 | % | 114,503,817 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| * | Represents the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Convertible Note owned by the Selling Shareholder, assuming full conversion of the Convertible Note offered hereby, including Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Convertible Note which are subject to a 9.99% beneficial ownership limitation. Does not include shares of Common Stock underlying a prior convertible promissory note, Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants held by L1 Capital, each of which are also subject to a 9.99% beneficial ownership limitation, and which may be resold by L1 Capital pursuant to separate registration statements on Form F-1 and amendments thereto previously filed by the Company on June 24, 2025 (as amended on December 2, 2025) and November 25, 2025 and declared effective on December 3, 2025 and December 5, 2025. David Feldman and Joel Arber are the Directors of L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund. As such they may be deemed to be beneficial owners of such Class A ordinary shares. To the extent Mr. Feldman and Mr. Arber are deemed to beneficially own such securities, Mr. Feldman and Mr. Arber disclaim beneficial ownership of these securities for all other purposes. The business address of L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund is 161A Shedden Road, 1 Artillery Court, PO Box 10085, Grand Cayman KY1-1001, Cayman Islands. |
84
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A related party is defined as any person who is or was (since the beginning of the last fiscal year, even if such person does not presently serve in that role) (a) an enterprise that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Company; (b) an associate, which is an unconsolidated enterprise in which the Company has a significant influence or which has significant influence over the Company; (c) an individual owning, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of any class of the Company’s voting securities, and immediate family members of such individual; (d) an executive officer, director or nominee for director of the Company and immediate family members of such individual; and (e) an enterprise in which a substantial interest in the voting power is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (c) or (d) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence (which includes enterprises owned by directors or major shareholders of the Company and enterprises that have a member of key management in common with the Company).
Set forth below are the related party transactions that we have entered into during the last three fiscal years and up to the date of this prospectus.
Material Transactions with Related Parties
The following is a list of the related parties with whom we have conducted transactions during the three years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and the description of their relationship with us:
| Name of the related parties | Relation with the Group | |
| Mr. Tingjun Yang | Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
| Ms. Hui Wang | Former Chief Financial Officer and Former Director | |
| Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law | Shareholder | |
| Ms. Jianping Niu | Shareholder | |
| Mr. Huabei Zhu | Shareholder | |
| Guangzhou Sanyi Network | The Group used to hold 40% equity |
Amount due from related parties
Amount due from related parties represents cash advanced to these parties for business development, administrative or operational expenses incurred by the following individuals in connection with their employment or services the Company.
| As of | As of | As of | ||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Due from related parties | ||||||||||||
| Ms. Hui Wang * | - | 25,614 | - | |||||||||
| Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law | 58,267 | - | - | |||||||||
| Ms. Jianping Niu | 30 | - | - | |||||||||
| Mr. Huabei Zhu | 28 | - | - | |||||||||
| 58,325 | 25,614 | - | ||||||||||
Amount due to related parties
Amount due to a related party represents interest-free loan payable on money borrowed by the Company and used for daily operation. These amounts are settled on demand. As of the date of this prospectus, none of the payable has been settled.
| As of | As of | As of | ||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Due to related parties – non-current | ||||||||||||
| Mr.Tingjun Yang | 63,000 | - | - | |||||||||
| Guangzhou Sanyi Network | 1,619,884 | - | - | |||||||||
| Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law | - | - | 132,284 | |||||||||
| 1,682,884 | - | 132,284 | ||||||||||
Employment Agreements
See “Management — Agreements with Named Executive Officers”.
Equity Incentive Plan
See “Management—Equity Incentive Plan.”
85
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
We were incorporated as a BVI business company under the laws of the BVI on October 6, 2021.
On January 3, 2024, the Company filed the Amended and Restated Articles with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs of BVI to amend the maximum number of shares that we are authorized to issue from 50,000 Ordinary Shares, par value US$1 per share, to 500,000,000 shares with a par value of USD0.0001 each, comprising i) 400,000,000 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, par value USD0.0001 per share and ii) 100,000,000 shares of Class B Ordinary Shares, par value USD0.0001 per share. Simultaneously, the Company effectuated a share split of all issued and outstanding shares at a ratio of 1-for-10,000, and re-designated and re-classified all then issued and outstanding ordinary shares into Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a ratio of 1-for-1. As a result, as of January 3, 2024, there were 10,000,000 issued and outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, and no Class B Ordinary Share was issued and outstanding.
On January 10, 2025, the Company closed its initial public offering of 1,250,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share.
Each Class B Ordinary Share shall only be issued to the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ employees or those entities of which its principal shareholder is an employee of the Company or its subsidiaries. Shareholder’s termination of employment with the Company or its subsidiaries shall immediately result in the compulsory redemption and cancellation of any and all issued and outstanding shares of Class B Ordinary Shares held by such shareholder on the date of termination.
On January 24, 2025, the Company adopted written resolutions and approved the issuance of 300,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Jianping Niu and 280,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Huabei Zhu, with a par value of USD0.0001 per share, with such amounts to be paid in cash. Each of Jianping Niu and Huabei Zhu is an employee of the Company. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Articles, holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares shall not receive the right to any dividend paid by the Company and shall not receive the right to any distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation, and may not convert their Class B Ordinary Shares into shares of any other class. Each Class B Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders.
On June 9, 2025, the Company entered into the securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which the Company issued 1,248,611 pre-delivery shares, and pre-funded warrants to purchase an additional 213,389 pre-delivery shares.
On October 17, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue a convertible promissory note convertible into up to 44,694,292 of Class A Ordinary Shares.
On December 18, 2025, Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with the Selling Shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue a convertible promissory note convertible into up to 114,503,817 of Class A Ordinary Shares.
Ordinary Shares
General
All of our issued shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates evidencing the shares are issued in registered form. There are no limitations imposed by our Amended and Restated Articles on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Amended and Restated Articles governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed. Under the BVI Act, the Ordinary Shares are deemed to be issued when the name of the shareholder is entered in our register of members. If (a) information that is required to be entered in the register of members is omitted from the register or is inaccurately entered in the register, or (b) there is unreasonable delay in entering information in the register, a shareholder of the company, or any person who is aggrieved by the omission, inaccuracy or delay, may apply to the BVI Courts for an order that the register be rectified, and the court may either refuse the application or order the rectification of the register, and may direct the company to pay all costs of the application and any damages the applicant may have sustained.
86
Dividends
The holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the BVI Act. The holders of our Class B Ordinary Shares shall not receive the right to any dividend paid by the Company.
Voting Rights
Any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders must be effected at a duly called meeting of the shareholders entitled to vote on such action or may be effected by a resolution of members in writing, each in accordance with the Amended and Restated Articles. Each Class A Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to one vote at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders. Each Class B Ordinary Share in the Company confers upon the shareholder the right to twenty votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or on any resolution of shareholders.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares
Subject to the restrictions contained in our Amended and Restated Articles, any of our Class A shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her Class A Ordinary Shares by a written instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other form approved by our board of directors. Subject to our Amended and Restated Articles, each Class B Ordinary Share may not be sold, assigned, transferred, alienated, commuted, anticipated, or otherwise disposed of (including by will or the laws of descent and distribution), or pledged or hypothecated as collateral for a loan or as security for the performance of any obligation, or be otherwise encumbered, and are not subject to attachment, garnishment, execution or other legal or equitable process, and any attempt to do so shall be null and void.
Liquidation
As permitted by the BVI Act and our Amended and Restated Articles, the Company may voluntarily commence to wind up and dissolve if (a) it has no liabilities; or (b) is able to pay its debts as they fall due, by a resolution of shareholders or if, the Company has never issued shares, by a resolution of directors. The Company may by a resolution of shareholders or by a resolution of directors appoint a voluntary liquidator. Shareholders of Class B Ordinary Share in the Company shall not receive the right to any distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation.
Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares
Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time of payment. The Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption of Ordinary Shares
The Company may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire and hold its own shares save that the Company may not purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire its own shares without the consent of shareholders whose shares are to be purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired unless the Company is permitted by the BVI Act or any other provision in our Amended and Restated Articles to purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire the shares without their consent.
The directors may at their discretion by resolution of directors redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire all or any of the Class B Ordinary Shares in the Company at a price determined by the directors in their sole discretion.
87
Variations of Rights of Shares
The rights attached to shares as specified in our Amended and Restated Articles may only, whether or not the Company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of or by a resolution passed at a meeting by the holders of more than 50 per cent of the issued shares of that class.
General Meetings of Shareholders
Under our Amended and Restated Articles, a copy of the notice of any meeting of shareholders shall be given not less than 7 days before the date of the proposed meeting to those persons whose names appear as shareholders in the register of members on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting and the other directors. Upon the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested, the directors shall convene a meeting of shareholders within 28 days of receiving the written request. In addition, any director of the Company may convene meetings of the members at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the British Virgin Islands as the director considers necessary or desirable. A meeting of shareholders may be called on short notice if members holding at least 90 per cent of the total voting rights on all the matters to be considered at the meeting have waived notice of the meeting and, for this purpose, the presence of a member at the meeting shall constitute waiver in relation to all the shares which that member holds.
The quorum for a meeting of members is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are present in person or by proxy not less than 50 per cent of the votes of the shares or class or series of shares entitled to vote on resolutions of members to be considered at the meeting. A quorum may comprise a single member or proxy and then such person may pass a resolution of members and a certificate signed by such person accompanied where such person be a proxy by a copy of the proxy instrument shall constitute a valid resolution of members. If within two hours from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of members, shall be dissolved; in any other case it shall stand adjourned to the next business day in the jurisdiction in which the meeting was to have been held at the same time and place or to such other time and place as the directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting there are present within one hour from the time appointed for the meeting in person or by proxy not less than one third of the votes of the shares or each class or series of shares entitled to vote on the matters to be considered by the meeting, those present shall constitute a quorum but otherwise the meeting shall be dissolved. At every meeting of members, the chairman of the board shall preside as chairman of the meeting. If there is no chairman of the board or if the chairman of the board is not present at the meeting, the members present shall choose one of their numbers to be the chairman. If the shareholders are unable to choose a chairman for any reason, then the person representing the greatest number of voting shares present in present of by proxy shall preside as chairman, failing which the oldest individual member or member representative shall take the chair.
Any person other than an individual which is a member of the Company may by resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise such individual as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of members or of any class of members, and the individual so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same rights on behalf of the person which he represents as that person could exercise if it were an individual.
Inspection of Books and Records
Under BVI law, holders of our ordinary shares are entitled, upon giving written notice to us, to inspect (i) our Amended and Restated Articles (as may be amended from time to time), (ii) the register of members, (iii) the register of directors and (iv) minutes of meetings and resolutions of members (shareholders), and to make copies and take extracts from the documents and records. However, our directors can refuse access if they are satisfied that to allow such access would be contrary to our interests.
88
Differences in Corporate Law
The BVI Act and the laws of the BVI affecting BVI companies like us and our shareholders differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the laws of the BVI applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
Under the laws of the BVI, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with Section 170 of the BVI Act. A merger means the merging of two or more constituent companies into one of the constituent companies and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a new company. In order to merge or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must be authorized by a resolution of shareholders.
While a director may vote on the plan of merger or consolidation even if he has a financial interest in the plan, the interested director must disclose the interest to all other directors of the company promptly upon becoming aware of the fact that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company.
A transaction entered into by our Company in respect of which a director is interested (including a merger or consolidation) is voidable by us unless the director’s interest was (a) disclosed to the Board prior to the transaction or (b) the transaction is (i) between the director and the company and (ii) the transaction is in the ordinary course of the company’s business and on usual terms and conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, a transaction entered into by our Company is not voidable if the material facts of the interest are known to the shareholders and they approve or ratify it or the company received fair value for the transaction.
In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote at the meeting to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.
The shareholders of the constituent companies are not required to receive shares of the surviving or consolidated company but may receive debt obligations or other securities of the surviving or consolidated company, other assets, or a combination thereof. Further, some or all of the shares of a class or series may be converted into a kind of asset while the other shares of the same class or series may receive a different kind of asset. As such, not all the shares of a class or series must receive the same kind of consideration.
After the plan of merger or consolidation has been approved by the directors and authorized by a resolution of the shareholders, articles of merger or consolidation are executed by each company and filed with the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the BVI.
A shareholder may dissent from a mandatory redemption of his or her shares, an arrangement (if permitted by the court), a merger (unless the shareholder was a shareholder of the surviving company prior to the merger and continues to hold the same or similar shares after the merger) or a consolidation. A shareholder properly exercising his dissent rights is entitled to a cash payment equal to the fair value of his or her shares.
A shareholder dissenting from a merger or consolidation must object in writing to the merger or consolidation before the vote by the shareholders on the merger or consolidation, unless notice of the meeting was not given to the shareholder. If the merger or consolidation is approved by the shareholders, the company must give notice of this fact to each shareholder within 20 days (from the date of notice) who gave written objection. These shareholders then have 20 days from the date of such notice to give to the company their written election in the form specified by the BVI Act to dissent from the merger or consolidation, provided that in the case of a merger, the 20 days starts when the plan of merger is delivered to the shareholder.
89
Upon giving notice of his election to dissent, a shareholder ceases to have any shareholder rights except the right to be paid the fair value of his or her shares. As such, the merger or consolidation may proceed in the ordinary course notwithstanding his dissent.
Within seven days of the later of the delivery of the notice of election to dissent and the effective date of the merger or consolidation, the company must make a written offer to each dissenting shareholder to purchase his or her shares at a specified price per share that the company determines to be the fair value of the shares. The company and the shareholder then have thirty days to agree upon the price. If the company and a shareholder fail to agree on the price within the thirty days, then the company and the shareholder shall, within twenty days immediately following the expiration of the thirty-day period, each designate an appraiser and these two appraisers shall designate a third appraiser. These three appraisers shall fix the fair value of the shares as of the close of business on the day prior to the shareholders’ approval of the transaction without taking into account any change in value as a result of the transaction.
Shareholders’ Suits
There are both statutory and common law remedies available to our shareholders as a matter of BVI law. These are summarized below.
Prejudiced members
A shareholder who considers that the affairs of the company have been, are being, or are likely to be, conducted in a manner that is, or any act or acts of the company have been, or are, likely to be oppressive, unfairly discriminatory or unfairly prejudicial to him in that capacity, can apply to the court under Section 184I of the BVI Act, inter alia, for an order that his shares be acquired, that he be provided compensation, that the Court regulate the future conduct of the company, or that any decision of the company which contravenes the BVI Act or our Amended and Restated Articles be set aside.
Derivative actions
Section 184C of the BVI Act provides that a shareholder of a company may, with the leave of the Court, bring an action in the name of the company in certain circumstances to redress any wrong done to it. Such actions are known as derivative actions. The BVI Court may only grant permission to bring a derivative action where the following circumstances apply:
| ● | the company does not intend to bring, diligently continue or defend or discontinue proceedings; and |
| ● | it is in the interests of the company that the conduct of the proceedings not be left to the directors or to the determination of the shareholders as a whole. |
When considering whether to grant leave, the BVI Court is also required to have regard to the following matters:
| ● | whether the shareholder is acting in good faith; |
| ● | whether a derivative action is in the company’s best interests, taking into account the directors’ views on commercial matters; |
| ● | whether the action is likely to proceed; |
| ● | the costs of the proceedings in relation to the relief likely to be obtained; and |
| ● | whether an alternative remedy is available. |
90
Just and equitable winding up
In addition to the statutory remedies outlined above, shareholders can also petition the BVI Court for the winding up of a company on the grounds that it is just and equitable for the court to so order. Save in exceptional circumstances, this remedy is generally only available where the company has been operated as a quasi-partnership and trust and confidence between the partners has broken down.
Indemnification of directors and executive officers and limitation of liability
Our Amended and Restated Articles provide that, subject to certain limitations, we indemnify against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings for any person who:
| ● | is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that the person is or was our director; or |
| ● | is or was, at our request, serving as a director of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another body corporate or a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. |
These indemnities only apply if the person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Anti-takeover provisions in our Amended and Restated Articles
Some provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable. However, under BVI law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, as they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.
Directors’ fiduciary duties
Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction.
91
The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
Under BVI law, our directors owe the Company certain statutory and fiduciary duties including, among others, a duty to act honestly, in good faith, for a proper purpose, and what the directors believe to be in the best interests of the Company. Our directors are also required, when exercising powers or performing duties as a director, to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in comparable circumstances, considering without limitation, the nature of the Company, the nature of the decision, the position of the director, and the nature of the responsibilities undertaken. In the exercise of their powers, our directors must ensure neither they nor the Company acts in a manner which contravenes the BCA or our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. A shareholder has the right to seek damages for breaches of duties owed to the Company by our directors.
Shareholder action by written consent
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. BVI law provides that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a written resolution without a meeting signed by or on behalf of shareholders sufficient to constitute the requisite majority of shareholders who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting; provided that if the consent is less than unanimous, notice must be given to all non-consenting shareholders.
Shareholder proposals
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. BVI law and our Amended and Restated Articles allow our shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested to requisition a shareholders’ meeting. There is no requirement under BVI law to hold shareholders’ annual general meetings, but our Amended and Restated Articles do permit the directors to call such a meeting. Any director of the Company may convene meetings of the members at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the British Virgin Islands as the director considers necessary or desirable.
Cumulative voting
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the BVI but our Amended and Restated Articles do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
92
Removal of directors
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Amended and Restated Articles, a director may be removed from office by a resolution of members or by resolution of directors. A resolution passed for such purpose may only be passed (i) by a resolution passed by at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the votes of the members or directors of the Company presented at a meeting called for the purpose of removing the director or for purposes including the removal of the director or (ii) by a written resolution passed by at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the votes of the members or directors of the Company entitled to vote.
Transactions with interested shareholders
The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting shares within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware public corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors. BVI law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although BVI law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholder.
Dissolution; Winding Up
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under the BVI Act and our Amended and Restated Articles, we may appoint a voluntary liquidator by a resolution of the shareholders or by a resolution of directors.
Variation of rights of shares
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Amended and Restated Articles, if at any time our shares are divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class may only be varied, whether or not our company is in liquidation, with the consent in writing of or by a resolution passed at a meeting by a majority of the votes cast by those entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of the issued shares in that class. Under our Amended and Restated Articles, the rights attached to any class of shares may only, whether or not the Company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of or by a resolution passed at a meeting by the holders of more than 50 per cent of the issued shares of that class.
Amendment of governing documents
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under BVI law, our Amended and Restated Articles may be amended by a resolution of shareholders and, subject to certain exceptions, by a resolution of directors. An amendment is effective from the date it is filed and registered at the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the BVI.
93
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
As of the date of this prospectus, we have 22,621,530 Class A Ordinary Shares and 580,000 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. Future sales of substantial amounts of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market after this Offering, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could cause the prevailing market price for our Class A Ordinary Shares to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future. All of the Class A Ordinary Shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than our “affiliates” without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act.
Rule 144
All of our Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding prior to this offering are “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may be sold publicly in the United States only if they are subject to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirement such as those provided by Rule 144 and Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.
A person who is deemed to be an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned “restricted securities” for at least six months would be entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of shares that is not more than the greater of:
| ● | 1% of the number of Class A Ordinary Shares then outstanding, in the form of Class A Ordinary Shares or otherwise, which will equal approximately shares immediately after this offering; or |
| ● | the average weekly trading volume of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale. |
Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.
Regulation S
Regulation S provides generally that sales made in offshore transactions are not subject to the registration or prospectus-delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
94
TAXATION
U.S. Federal Income Taxation Considerations
The following does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations to any particular investor or to any person in special tax situations such as:
| ● | banks; |
| ● | financial institutions; |
| ● | insurance companies; |
| ● | pension plans; |
| ● | cooperatives; |
| ● | regulated investment companies; |
| ● | real estate investment trusts; |
| ● | broker-dealers; |
| ● | persons that elect to mark their securities to market; |
| ● | U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; |
| ● | governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof; |
| ● | tax-exempt entities (including private foundations); | |
| ● | qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; |
| ● | persons liable for alternative minimum tax; |
| ● | persons holding our Class A Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction; |
| ● | persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting power or value (including by reason of owning our Class A Ordinary Shares); |
| ● | persons who acquired our Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; |
| ● | persons holding our Class A Ordinary Shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities (except as explicitly discussed below in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders of Our Class A Ordinary Shares”); |
| ● | beneficiaries of a Trust holding our Class A Ordinary Shares; or |
| ● | persons holding our Class A Ordinary Shares through a Trust. |
95
The discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders (as defined below) that purchase Class A Ordinary Shares in this offering.
WE URGE POTENTIAL PURCHASERS OF OUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders of Our Class A Ordinary Shares
The following sets forth the material U.S. federal income tax consequences related to the ownership and disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares. It is directed to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of our Class A Ordinary Shares and is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change. This description does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to ownership and disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares or U.S. tax laws, other than the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as the tax consequences under non-U.S. tax laws, state, local and other tax laws.
The following brief description applies only to U.S. Holders (as defined below) that hold Class A Ordinary Shares as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This brief description is based on the current provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Revenue Code”), existing, temporary and proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, published administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and other applicable authorities. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below.
The brief description below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to you if you are a beneficial owner of Class A Ordinary Shares and you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
| ● | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.; |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| ● | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| ● | a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our Class A Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships and partners of a partnership holding our Class A Ordinary Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares.
96
We urge potential purchasers of our Class A Ordinary Shares to consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
THIS SUMMARY DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OR DESCRIPTION OF ALL POTENTIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS OF ACQUIRING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES. HOLDERS OF CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSIDERATIONS TO THEM OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECTS OF U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND OTHER TAX LAWS.
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Class A Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC (as defined below) rules discussed below, the gross amount of distributions made by us to you with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). With respect to corporate U.S. Holders, the dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the Class A Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S., or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the U.S. that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a PFIC for either our taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Because there is no income tax treaty between the U.S. and the BVI, clause (1) above can be satisfied only if the Class A Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. Under IRS authority, Class A Ordinary Shares are considered for purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the Nasdaq (on which our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed). Even if our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that the Class A Ordinary Shares will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in future years. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares, including the effects of any change in law after the date of this prospectus.
Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate divided by the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends distributed by us with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares will constitute “passive category income” but could, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, constitute “general category income.”
97
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Class A Ordinary Shares, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
Taxation of Dispositions of Class A Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to the difference between the amount realized (in USD) and your tax basis (in USD) in the Class A Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period in such Class A Ordinary Shares exceeds one year. Long-term capital gain realized by a non-corporate U.S. Holder is currently eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that you recognize will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes which will generally limit the availability of foreign tax credits. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under its particular circumstances.
Exercise or Lapse of a Warrant
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the acquisition of Class A Ordinary Shares on the exercise of a Warrant. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in Class A Ordinary Shares received upon exercise of the Warrant generally will be an amount equal to the sum of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Warrant exchanged therefor and the exercise price. A U.S. Holder’s holding period for Class A Ordinary Shares received upon exercise of the Warrant will begin on the date following the date of exercise (or possibly the date of exercise) of the Warrant and will not include the period during which such U.S. Holder held the Warrant. If a Warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the Warrant.
Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”)
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC, as defined in Section 1297(a) of the Revenue Code, for any taxable year if either:
|
● | 75% or more of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income (as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes)(the “income test”); or |
| ● | 50% or more of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). |
98
For purposes of the PFIC provisions of the Revenue Code, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties and certain gains from commodities or securities transactions and the excess of gains over losses from the disposition of certain assets which produce passive income. For purposes of the income test and asset test, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In determining the value and composition of our assets for purposes of the PFIC asset test, (1) the cash we raise in this offering will generally be considered to be held for the production of passive income and (2) the value of our assets must be determined based on the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares from time to time, which could cause the value of our non-passive assets to be less than 50% of the value of all of our assets (including the cash raised in this offering) on any particular quarterly testing date for purposes of the asset test.
Based on our operations and the composition of our assets we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC under the current PFIC rules. We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC, however, and there can be no assurance with respect to our status as a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year. Depending on the amount of cash we raise in this offering, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent taxable year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets held for the production of passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. In addition, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined based on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and because cash is generally considered to be an asset held for the production of passive income, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and the amount of cash we raise in this offering. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares may cause us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects and the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in this offering. We are under no obligation to take steps to reduce the risk of our being classified as a PFIC, and as stated above, the determination of the value of our assets will depend upon material facts (including the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares from time to time and the amount of cash we raise in this offering) that may not be within our control. If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold Class A Ordinary Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Class A Ordinary Shares. If we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, however, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year(s) during which you hold Class A Ordinary Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including under certain circumstances, a pledge) of the Class A Ordinary Shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under the PFIC rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | the amount allocated to your current taxable year, and any amount allocated to any of your taxable year(s) in your holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; |
99
| ● | the amount allocated to each of your other taxable years (or portions thereof) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year; and |
| ● | an additional tax equal to the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the tax attributable to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the Class A Ordinary Shares as capital assets.
A U.S. Holder may avoid the adverse PFIC tax consequences discussed above if such U.S. Holder, at the close of the first taxable year in which it holds (or is deemed to hold) Class A Ordinary Shares and for which the Company is determined to be a PFIC, makes a mark-to-market election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the Revenue Code for such stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for first taxable year which you hold (or are deemed to hold) Class A Ordinary Shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Class A Ordinary Shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis in such Class A Ordinary Shares, which excess will be treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Class A Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. Such ordinary loss, however, is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Class A Ordinary Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Class A Ordinary Shares. Your basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us, except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under “— Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Class A Ordinary Shares” generally would not apply.
The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market (as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations), including the Nasdaq (on which our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed). If the Class A Ordinary Shares are regularly traded on the Nasdaq and if you are a holder of Class A Ordinary Shares, the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to be or become a PFIC; however, we cannot guarantee that our Class A Ordinary Shares will continue to be listed and regularly traded on the Nasdaq. U.S. Holders are advised to consult their tax advisors as to whether the Class A Ordinary Shares are considered marketable for these purposes.
100
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” election under Section 1295(b) of the Revenue Code with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a timely and valid qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. The qualified electing fund election, however, is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. Therefore, prospective investors should assume that a qualified electing fund election will not be available.
If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if we were a PFIC at any time during the period you hold our Class A Ordinary Shares, then such Class A Ordinary Shares will continue to be treated as stock of a PFIC with respect to you even if we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging election” for the year we cease to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such Class A Ordinary Shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new basis (equal to the fair market value of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC) and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your Class A Ordinary Shares for tax purposes.
If you hold Class A Ordinary Shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file IRS Form 8621 in each such year and provide certain annual information regarding such Class A Ordinary Shares, including regarding distributions received on the Class A Ordinary Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares. The failure to file IRS Form 8621 could result in the imposition of penalties and the extension of the statute of limitations with respect to U.S. federal income tax.
The determination of PFIC status is inherently factual, is subject to a number of uncertainties, and can be determined only annually at the close of the tax year in question. Additionally, the analysis depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. There can be no assurance that we will or will not be determined to be a PFIC for the current tax year or any prior or future tax year, and no opinion of legal counsel or ruling from the IRS concerning our status as a PFIC has been obtained or will be requested. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares and the elections discussed above.
101
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding at a current flat rate of 24%. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on IRS W-9 or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on IRS Form W-9. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information. We do not intend to withhold taxes for individual shareholders. Transactions effected through certain brokers or other intermediaries, however, may be subject to withholding taxes (including backup withholding), and such brokers or intermediaries may be required by law to withhold such taxes.
Under the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to our Class A Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Class A Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a complete IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold Class A Ordinary Shares. Failure to report such information could result in substantial penalties. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your obligation to file an IRS Form 8938.
Material PRC Income Tax Considerations
The following brief description of PRC enterprise income taxation is designed to highlight the enterprise-level taxation on our earnings, which will affect the amount of dividends, if any, we are ultimately able to pay to our shareholders. See “Dividend Policy.”
102
According to the EIT Law, which was promulgated by the SCNPC on March 16, 2007, became effective on January 1, 2008, and was then amended February 24, 2017, and December 29, 2018 and the Implementation Rules of the EIT Law, which were promulgated by the State Council on December 6, 2007, and became effective on January 1, 2008, and were subsequently amended on April 23, 2019 and again on December 6, 2024, with the latest amendment effective as of January 20, 2025,” enterprises are divided into resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises. Resident enterprises pay enterprise income tax on their incomes obtained in and outside the PRC at the rate of 25%. Non-resident enterprises setting up institutions in the PRC pay enterprise income tax on the incomes obtained by such institutions in and outside the PRC at the rate of 25%. Non-resident enterprises with no institutions in the PRC, and non-resident enterprises with income having no substantial connection with their institutions in the PRC, pay enterprise income tax on their income obtained in the PRC at a reduced rate of 10%.
We are a BVI business company incorporated in the BVI and we gain some income by way of dividends paid to us indirectly from Guangzhou Sanyi Network through HK 3e Network. The EIT Law and its implementation rules provide that China-sourced income of qualified non-resident enterprises, such as dividends paid by a to its equity holders that are non-resident enterprises, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a preferential tax rate or a tax exemption.
Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise,” which means that it is treated in a manner similar to a PRC enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. The implementation rules of the EIT Law define “de facto management body” as a managing body that actually, comprehensively manage and control the production and operation, staff, accounting, property, and other aspects of an enterprise.
According to SAT Notice 82, which was promulgated on April 22, 2009 and became effective retroactively on January 1, 2008, a Chinese-controlled offshore incorporated enterprise will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having a “de facto management body” in the PRC and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its worldwide income only if all of the following criteria are met: (i) the places where senior management and senior management departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management of the enterprise perform their duties are mainly located within the territory of the PRC; (ii) financial decisions (such as money borrowing, lending, financing and financial risk management) and personnel decisions (such as appointment, dismissal and salary and wages) are decided or need to be decided by organizations or persons located within the territory of the PRC; (iii) main property, accounting books, corporate seal, the board of directors and files of the minutes of shareholders’ meetings of the enterprise are located or preserved within the territory of the PRC; and (iv) one half (or more) of the directors or senior management staff having the right to vote habitually reside within the territory of the PRC.
We believe that we do not meet some of the conditions outlined in the immediately preceding paragraph. For example, as a holding company, the key assets and records of 3e Network, including the resolutions and meeting minutes of our board of directors and the resolutions and meeting minutes of our shareholders, and one half (or more) of the directors or senior management staff having the right to vote habitually, are located and maintained outside the PRC. In addition, we are not aware of any offshore holding companies with a corporate structure similar to ours that has been deemed a PRC “resident enterprise” by the PRC tax authorities. Accordingly, we believe that 3e Network and HK 3e Network should not be treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes if the criteria for “de facto management body” as set forth in SAT Notice 82 were deemed applicable to us. However, as the tax residency status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body” as applicable to our offshore entities, we will continue to monitor our tax status.
The implementation rules of the EIT Law provide that, (i) if the enterprise that distributes dividends is domiciled in the PRC or (ii) if gains are realized from transferring equity interests of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or gains are treated as China-sourced income. It is not clear how “domicile” may be interpreted under the EIT Law, and it may be interpreted as the jurisdiction where the enterprise is a tax resident. Therefore, if we are considered as a PRC tax resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders which are non-resident enterprises as well as gains realized by such shareholders from the transfer of our shares may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result become subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%.
103
See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in the PRC — Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a PRC ‘resident enterprise’ for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Such classification would likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.”
Currently, as resident enterprises in the PRC, our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%, except that, pursuant to the Announcement 2023 No. 12 jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration, if an enterprise meets certain criteria and is recognized as a small-scale and low-profit enterprise, it is entitled to continue enjoying the preferential tax policy under which its taxable income is calculated at 25% of its actual amount and is then subject to a reduced enterprise income tax rate of 20%. This preferential policy is effective through December 31, 2027. The EIT is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. If the PRC tax authorities determine that 3e Network is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders may be subject to a 10% PRC withholding tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. It is unclear whether our non-PRC individual shareholders would be subject to any PRC tax on dividends or gains obtained by such non-PRC individual shareholders in the event 3e Network is determined to be a PRC resident enterprise. If any PRC tax were to apply to dividends or gains realized by non-PRC individuals, it would generally apply at a rate of 20% unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. However, it is also unclear whether our non-PRC shareholders would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. There is no guidance from the PRC government to indicate whether or not any tax treaties between the PRC and other countries would apply in circumstances where a non-PRC company was deemed to be a PRC tax resident, and thus there is no basis for expecting how tax treaty between the PRC and other countries may impact non-resident enterprises.
Hong Kong Profits Taxation
Our subsidiary, HK 3e Network, is a Hong Kong entity subject to the two-tier profits tax rates system, which was introduced to the Inland Revenue Ordinance 2018 (Cap.112 of the Laws of Hong Kong, hereinafter referred to as the “Ordinance”) of Hong Kong, with effect from April 1 2018.
Under the two-tier profits tax rates regime, the first HKD 2 million of assessable profits of a corporation will be subject to the lowered tax rate of 8.25% while the remaining assessable profits will be subject to the tax rate of 16.5%. If an entity has one or more “connected entities”, the Ordinance only allows the one which is nominated to be chargeable at the two-tiered rates to be eligible for the two-tier tax rate benefit, and the others are not qualified for the two-tiered profits tax rates for the same year of assessment. The nominated entity may make an election for the two-tiered profits tax rates by declaring in its Profits Tax Return, and the election, once made, is irrevocable. An entity is a connected entity of another entity if (1) one of them has control over the other; (2) both of them are under the control of the same entity; or (3) in the case of the first entity being a natural person carrying on a sole proprietorship business — the other entity is the same person carrying on another sole proprietorship business. In general, an entity has control over another entity if the first-mentioned entity, whether directly or indirectly through one or more than one other entity, (1) owns or controls more than 50% in aggregate of the issued share capital of the latter entity, (2) is entitled to exercise or control the exercise of more than 50% in aggregate of the voting rights in the latter entity; or (3) is entitled to more than 50% in aggregate of the capital or profits of the latter entity. Gains arising from the sale of Class A Ordinary Shares, where the purchases and sales of the Class A Ordinary Shares are effected outside of Hong Kong such as, for example, on British Virgin Islands, should not be subject to Hong Kong profits tax.
No tax is imposed in Hong Kong in respect of capital gains from the sale of property (such as the ordinary shares).
104
HK 3e Network had not derived any estimated assessable profits for Hong Kong profits tax purpose for the years ended 31 December 2022, 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020.
In respect of foreign derived income received by our Hong Kong subsidiary (such as dividends paid to HK 3e Network by Guangzhou 3e Network and Guangzhou Sanyi Network), under Hong Kong’s Foreign-sourced Income Exemption regime effective from 1 January 2023, income arising in or derived from a territory outside Hong Kong (such as dividends) received by a Hong Kong entity which is a multinational enterprise entity (“MNE entity”) carrying on business in Hong Kong may be regarded as specified foreign-sourced income which will be deemed to be sourced from Hong Kong and chargeable to profits tax, subject to certain exemptions. In addition, payments of dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiary to its shareholder(s) are not subject to any withholding tax in Hong Kong. See “Dividend Policy” for further details on our dividend policy.
No Hong Kong stamp duty is payable on the purchase and sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares.
British Virgin Islands Taxation
The disclosure relating to tax consequences under BVI law is the opinion of Harney Westwood & Riegels, our counsel as to BVI law.
The government of the BVI does not, under existing legislation, impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax upon the Company or its shareholders who are not tax resident in the BVI.
The BVI currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation, and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to our Company levied by the government of the BVI save for certain stamp duties which may be applicable, from time to time, on certain instruments. No stamp duty is payable in the BVI on transfer of shares of BVI companies incorporated or registered under the BVI Act, except for those which hold interests in land in the BVI. There are no foreign exchange controls or foreign exchange regulations under the currently applicable laws of the BVI.
British Virgin Islands Economic Substance Legislation
The BVI enacted the Economic Substance (Companies and Limited Partnerships) Act, Revised Edition 2020 (the “ES Act”), which became effective on January 1, 2019, and the International Tax Authority’s (the “ITA”) Rules on Economic Substance in the Virgin Islands (the “ITA’s Rules”), containing rules and guidance relating to the interpretation of the ES Act and how the ITA will carry out its obligations. The ITA’s Rules were first issued on October 9, 2019, were further updated on February 10, 2020 and again updated on February 23, 2023. A BVI company that is considered a “legal entity” that is conducting one or more of the nine “relevant activities” is required to comply with the economic substance requirements in relation to that relevant activity. A BVI company is required to report to the ITA, via its registered agent, on an annual basis under the Beneficial Ownership Secure Search System Act, Revised Edition 2020 to enable the ITA to monitor compliance with the economic substance requirements (as applicable).
105
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Class A Ordinary Shares held by or issuable to the Selling Shareholder may be sold or distributed from time to time by the Selling Shareholder directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. The sale of the Selling Shareholder’s Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus may be effected in one or more of the following methods:
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; |
| ● | transactions involving cross or block trades; |
| ● | a purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; |
| ● | in privately negotiated transactions; |
| ● | broker-dealers may agree with a Selling Shareholder to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share; |
| ● | “at the market” into an existing market for the Class A Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | through the writing of options on the shares; |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale; and |
| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. |
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the shares of the Selling Shareholder may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, such shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.
The Selling Shareholder may also sell the Class A Ordinary Shares under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, if available, or any other exemption available under the Securities Act rather than under this prospectus. In addition, the selling shareholder may transfer the Class A Ordinary Shares by other means not described in this prospectus.
The Selling Shareholder may also sell the shares directly to market makers acting as principals and/or broker-dealers acting as agents for themselves or their customers. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Shareholder and/or the purchasers of shares for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom they sell as principal or both, which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions. Market makers and block purchasers purchasing the shares will do so for their own account and at their own risk. It is possible that a Selling Shareholder will attempt to sell Class A Ordinary Shares in block transactions to market makers or other purchasers at a price per share which may be below the then market price. The Selling Shareholder cannot assure that all or any of the shares offered in this prospectus will be issued to, or sold by, it.
106
Brokers, dealers or agents participating in the distribution of the shares held by the Selling Shareholder as agents may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from the selling shareholder and/or purchasers of the Class A Ordinary Shares for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent. The Selling Shareholder may agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales of the shares if liabilities are imposed on that person under the Securities Act.
The Selling Shareholder will acquire the securities offered hereby in the ordinary course of business and have advised us that they have not entered into any agreements, understandings or arrangements with any underwriters or broker-dealers regarding the sale of their Class A Ordinary Shares, nor is there an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with a proposed sale of Class A Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder. If we are notified by the Selling Shareholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of Class A Ordinary Shares, if required, we will file a supplement to this prospectus.
We may suspend the sale of shares by the Selling Shareholder pursuant to this prospectus for certain periods of time for certain reasons, including if the prospectus is required to be supplemented or amended to include additional material information.
If the Selling Shareholder uses this prospectus for any sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares, it will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
Regulation M
The anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) may apply to sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares and activities of the Selling Shareholder.
We have advised the Class A Selling Shareholder that while it is engaged in a distribution of the shares included in this prospectus it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes the selling shareholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares offered hereby this prospectus.
107
LEGAL MATTERS
We are being represented by TsingLaw NYLLP with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities and New York State law. Certain legal matters with respect to BVI law will be passed upon for us by our BVI counsel, Harney Westwood & Riegels. Certain legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Shanghai Skylight Law Firm. Certain legal matters as to Hong Kong law will be passed upon for us by Charles Wilson LLP.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2025 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of GGF CPA LTD, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The office of GGF CPA LTD is located at Level 3, Shop 119 No. 2, Jingang Avenue, Nansha District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000.
The consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of HTL International, LLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The office of HTL International, LLC is located at 12 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1100, Houston, TX 77046.
INTERESTS OF NAMED EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
No expert or counsel named in this prospectus as having prepared or certified any part of this prospectus or having given an opinion upon the validity of the securities being registered or upon other legal matters in connection with the registration or offering of the Class A Ordinary Shares was employed on a contingency basis, or had, or is to receive, in connection with the offering, a substantial interest, direct or indirect, in the registrant. Nor was any such person connected with the registrant as a promoter, managing or principal underwriter, voting trustee, director, officer, or employee.
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us, we have been advised that it is the SEC’s opinion that such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
No dealer, salesperson, or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other information requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. All information filed with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
108
3
E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
3 E Network Technology Group Limited
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of 3 E Network Technology Group Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2025 and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ GGF CPA LTD
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2025.
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
November 14, 2025
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
3 E Network Technology Group Limited
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited, before the effects of the retrospective adjustments resulting from discontinued operation discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of 3 E Network Technology Group Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements) (the financial statements before the effects of the retrospective adjustments resulting from discontinued operation discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements are not presented herein). In our opinion, the financial statements, before the effects of the retrospective adjustments resulting from discontinued operation discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the retrospective adjustments resulting from discontinued operation discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, and accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any form of assurance about whether such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments were audited by GGF CPA LTD.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ HTL International, LLC
HTL International, LLC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
Houston, Texas
December 4, 2024
F-3
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
| June 30, | June 30, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Financial Assets Held for Trading | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Deposits, prepayments and other current assets, net | ||||||||
| Due from related parties | ||||||||
| Current assets of discontinued operation | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| NON - CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||
| Long-term investment | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | ||||||||
| Deferred IPO cost | ||||||||
| Non-current assets of discontinued operation | ||||||||
| Total non - current assets | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | ||||||||
| Tax payable | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ||||||||
| Current liabilities of discontinued operation | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| NON - CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||
| Convertible bonds | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities of discontinued operation | ||||||||
| Total non - current liabilities | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ | $ | ||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Shares ($ | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Statutory reserves | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | ||||||
| * | The shares and per share data are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the stock split. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
F-4
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
For The Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Operating (expenses) | ||||||||||||
| Selling, general & administrative (expenses) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income from operations | ||||||||||||
| Other income/(expenses) | ||||||||||||
| Other income | - | |||||||||||
| Other expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total other expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income from continuing operation before provision of income taxes | ||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net income from continuing operation | ||||||||||||
| Discontinued operation | ||||||||||||
| Income from discontinued operation, net of income tax | ||||||||||||
| Loss on sale of discontinued operation, net of income tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| (Loss) /income from discontinued operation, net of income tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income/(Loss) earnings per common share | ||||||||||||
| Continuing operations - Basic and Diluted | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Discontinued operations - Basic and Diluted | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net income per common share - Basic and Diluted | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Weighted average Class A ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted | ||||||||||||
| * | The shares and per share data are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the stock split. |
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-5
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
| Ordinary Shares | Shareholders | Additional paid-in | Statuory | (Accumulated deficit) Retained | Accumulated other comprehensive | Total shareholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share | Amount | subscription | capital | reserves | earnings | loss | equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer to statutory reserve | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation changes of foreign currency statements | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Issurance of ordianary shares | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement of subscription receivable | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation changes of foreign currency statements | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issurance of ordianary shares-class A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issurance of ordianary shares-class B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other equity instruments-warrants | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposal of subsidiary | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation changes of foreign currency statements | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | The shares and per share data are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the stock split. |
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-6
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
| For The Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net (loss)/income from discontinued operation, net of tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net income from continuing operation | ||||||||||||
| Adjustment to reconcile net (loss)/income to net cash used in operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Investment income | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of Convertible Note issuance cost | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||||||
| Amount due from related party | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accrued salaries and benefits | ||||||||||||
| Tax payables | ||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of short-term investment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Proceeds of long-term investment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Interest-free loan lent to related parties | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Interest-free loan repaid by related parties | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares for cash, net of issuance costs | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds, net of issuance costs | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of warrants | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from interest-free loan from a related party | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of interest-free loan to a related party | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Capital contribution | ||||||||||||
| Deferred IPO cost | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period | ||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period | ||||||||||||
| Less cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of discontinued operations–end of period | ||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of continuing operations–end of period | ||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the year | ||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | ||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year | ||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information | ||||||||||||
| Entity to offset the payable due to the same related party | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-7
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization
3 E Network Technology Group Limited (the “Company” or “3e Network”), was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, or BVI, on October 6, 2021. The Company, through its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”), is primarily engaged in providing business-to-business information technology (“IT”) business solutions for companies in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”). The Company conducts its primary business operations through Guangzhou 3e Network Technology Company Limited (“Guangzhou Sanyi Network”) and Guangzhou 3E Network Technology Company Limited (“Guangzhou 3E Network”), indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries based in PRC that were incorporated on May 26, 2017 and January 17, 2023, respectively. The Company is ultimately controlled by Mr. Joseph Shu Sang Law, our Chairman and Director.
a. Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of MASK and each of the following entities:
| Date of | Percentage of | Place of | Principle business | |||||||||
| Name of the entity | incorporation | ownership | incorporation | activities | ||||||||
| Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
| 3e Network Technology Holdings Limited (“BVI 3e Holdings”) | 2018 | % | Islands | |||||||||
| 3e Network Technology Company Limited (“HK 3e Network”) | 2020 | % | sales and marketing | |||||||||
| Maskmeta Limited (“Maskmeta”) | % | |||||||||||
| Guangzhou 3e Network Technology Company Limited (“Guangzhou Sanyi Network”)* | 2017 | % | ||||||||||
| Guangzhou 3E Network Technology Company Limited (“Guangzhou 3E Network”)* | 2023 | % | ||||||||||
| * | The Company has disposed. |
b. Stock Split
On January 3, 2024, the Company
filed the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (“Amended and Restated Articles”) with the Registrar
of Corporate Affairs to increase its authorized shares from
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
a) Basis of presentation
The Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
b) Principles of consolidation
The Group’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries from the dates they were incorporated or acquired. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
F-8
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
c) Discontinued Operation
A discontinued operation may include a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity, or a business or non-profit activity. A disposal of a component of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operation if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: (1) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; (2) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of by sale; (3) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale (for example, by abandonment or in ad distribution to owners in a spinoff). See note 3 for detail.
d) Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation in order to reflect the discontinued operations of Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network. None of these reclassifications had an impact on reported financial position or cash flows for any of the period presented.
e) Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Group continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, historical experience and various other assumptions that the Group believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to estimates and judgments applied in determination of allowance for credit losses, impairment losses for long-lived assets and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.
f) Foreign currency translation and transactions
The Group’s reporting currency is US dollars (“US$”). The Group primarily conducts business through its subsidiaries located in Hong Kong, China, which use Hong Kong dollars as their functional currency. For subsidiaries not located in Hong Kong, China and whose functional currency is not Hong Kong dollars, the financial statements are translated from their respective functional currencies into US$. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average rates prevailing during each reporting period, and shareholders’ equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.
The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in creating the consolidated financial statements in this report, representing the certified exchange rate published by the People’s Bank of China:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| RMB into US$ for balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | ||||||||||||
| HKD into US$ for balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | ||||||||||||
| For the years ended June 30 | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| RMB into US$ for items in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, and cash flows | ||||||||||||
| HKD into US$ for items in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, and cash flows | ||||||||||||
No representation is intended to imply that the RMB and HKD amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on June 30, 2025, or at any other rate.
Transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currency are translated into functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by authoritative banks prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from those foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded as a component of others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss).
F-9
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
g) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank deposits, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. The Group considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
h) Accounts receivable, net
The Group records accounts receivable at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts as needed. The allowance for credit losses is the Group’s reserve for uncollectible receivable amounts which is estimated using the approach based on expected losses. The Group determines the allowance based on aging data, historical collection experience, customer specific facts and economic conditions, along with reasonable and supportable forecasts as a basis to develop the Group’s expected loss estimates. The Group adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated credit losses and actual credit losses. If there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable is likely to be unrecoverable, the Group also makes specific allowance in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
i) Impairment of long-lived assets
All long-lived assets, which include tangible long-lived assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value.
For the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group did not recognize any impairment loss on long-lived assets.
j) Deferred IPO costs
Deferred IPO costs consist of legal, accounting, underwriting fee and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the proposed public offering. These costs, together with the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be charged to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the proposed public offering. Under the circumstances when the proposed public offering prove to be unsuccessful, the deferred cost and related additional expenses incurred will be directly expensed.
k) Fair value of financial instruments
The Group’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, due from related parties, accounts payable and due to a related party. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate fair values due to their short maturities.
F-10
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This note also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires classification based on observable and unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment.
The Group evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter.
l) Investment
The Company carries its investments in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), issued by the FASB, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is generally based on quoted market prices provided by independent price sources. Following by the hierarchy of fair value measurment inputs, the Group further recognize its investment as long term equity investment
Due to the inherent uncertainties of valuation, certain estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been realized had a ready market for these investments existed, and these differences could be material. See Note 7 “Investment”.
m) Revenue recognition
In accordance with ASC Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of the contracted goods or services is transferred to the Group’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how much revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Group performs the following five-step analysis: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of contracted goods or services to a customer.
Software development services
Revenues generated from software development services is earned by the Group to design software system based on client’s specification or provide them with standard software. The identified promises include (1) developing software according to client specification, (2) testing and deployment of software, (3) delivering software (including but not limited to source code, etc.) to client, (4) providing training on the use of software, and (5) option to purchase warranty. The single performance obligation identified is to develop software according to client specification. Promises (1), (2) and (3) are interrelated and cannot be separated or differentiated, because testing and deployment and delivery of software cannot be benefited on their own or with other readily available resources, except with the developed software. Promises (4) and (5) identified above are immaterial when considered both qualitative and quantitative factors of these performance obligations. In the same contract, the Company provides a twelve-month free warranty after the customized application is delivered. This warranty is an assurance-type warranty so the Company does not consider it as a separate performance obligation. The costs to the Company in fulfilling its obligation under the warranty clause have been immaterial. The sole performance obligation identified is the developing, testing and deployment, and delivery of software. The Group is the principal party in fulfilling the identified performance obligation. The revenue is recognized at a point in time when it delivers the software to the client for acceptance testing and the acceptance report is signed, which represents the point in time which the performance obligation is satisfied and when the control of the software is transferred to the client.
Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring software to customers. Consideration is recorded net of value-added tax, and there is no variable consideration exists in the software development services.
F-11
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Exhibition and conference services
Revenues generated from exhibition and conference services is earned by Guangzhou Sanyi Network to provide IT services to exhibition or conference organizers. The service includes gates, ticketing machine, ticket reader, face recognition equipment, health code reader and personnel required to operate the equipment. The service contract is usually for a fixed period covering the set-up time and the exhibition or conference period. For this type of service, the series of tasks discussed above are interrelated and cannot be separated or differentiated, because the goal of the clients is to have a usable system for the exhibition and conference. They cannot benefit from individual task. The single performance obligation identified is the complete service is provided to the client during the contract period. The Group is the principal party in fulfilling the identified performance obligation. The control of the service is transferred to the client at a point in time when the complete service is provided to the client, as the client can only be benefited when the complete service is provided. Thus the revenue is recognized at a point in time when the provision of service is completed.
Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for providing the service to customers. Consideration is recorded net of value-added tax, and there is no variable consideration exists in the exhibition and conference services.
As the Group sold
Hardware sales
Revenue generated from hardware sales when the Group provides sales of gates, blue-tooth door key and face recognition device which are usually used in conjunction with the software system developed by the Group. The hardware can be provided with or without the installation services. The covenants identified are the provision of hardware and the installation service. For this type of revenue, the installation service is relatively immaterial compared to the hardware sales as it is usually free of charge and is only an accessory process to make the hardware operable. The single performance obligation identified is the provision of hardware to the customers. The recognition of the revenue is when the customer has confirmed the receipt of the hardware, which is the point in time that the control of the product is transferred to the customer and the performance obligation is satisfied.
The Group presents the revenue generated from its hardware sales on a gross basis as the Group is the principal party in satisfying the performance obligation. The Group has control of the goods and has the ability to direct the use of goods to obtain substantially all the benefits. In making this determination, the Group also assesses whether it is primarily obligated in these transactions, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices, or has met several but not all of these indicators.
Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to customers. Consideration from product sales is recorded net of value-added tax, and there is no variable consideration exists in the hardware sales. There is also no sales return from the hardware sales after the customer has confirmed the receipt of hardware.
This type of income was only
generated by Guangzhou Sanyi Network. As the Group sold
Others
Revenues generated from others represent the usage based fees the Group charged for a percentage of payments that passed through the Group’s software system, which is mainly used by property management company for collecting management fee. The single performance obligation identified is the provision of service for customer to collect relative payment. Proceeds allocated to others are recognized as revenue when the payment is completed, which is the point that the control of the service is transferred to the customer.
This type of income was only
generated by Guangzhou Sanyi Network. As the Group sold
F-12
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Contract balance
When a revenue contract has been performed, the Group presents the contract in the consolidated balance sheet as a contract asset or a contract liability, depending on the relationship between the Group’s performance and the customer’s payment. Contract balances consist of accounts receivable, contract assets and contract liabilities.
Accounts receivable represent revenue recognized for the amounts invoiced and/or prior to invoicing when the Group has satisfied its performance obligation and has unconditional right to the payment. Contract assets represent the Group’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditioned on something other than the passage of time. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group does not have any contract assets.
Contract liabilities consist of advance from customers, which represent the billings or cash received for services or product sales in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized as revenue when all of the Group’s revenue recognition criteria are met. For the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, all contract liability at the beginning of the reporting period has been recognized as revenue during the years. The Group’s advance from customers amounted to $ and $ as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
n) Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consist of outsourcing fees, staff payroll , social security and housing funds , and other miscellaneous expenses.
o) General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits of management, accounting and administrative personnel, office rentals, depreciation of office equipment, professional service fees, utilities and other office expenses.
p) Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for research and development professionals, and other expenses related to technology and development functions. The Company follows the guidance in FASB ASC 985-20, Cost of Software to Be Sold, Leased or Marketed, regarding software development costs to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed.
FASB ASC 985-20-25 requires research and development costs for software development to be expensed as incurred until the software model is technologically feasible. Technological feasibility is established when the enterprise has completed all planning, designing, coding, testing, and identification of risks activities necessary to establish that the product can be produced to meet its design specifications, features, functions, technical performance requirements. A certain amount of judgment and estimation is required to assess when technological feasibility is established, as well as the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. The Company’s products reach technological feasibility shortly before the products are released and sold to the public. Therefore research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred.
q) Income taxes
The Group follows the guidance of ASC Topic 740 “Income taxes” and uses liability method to account for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets, if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in statement of income and comprehensive income in the period that includes the enactment date.
F-13
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
r) Value added tax (“VAT”)
The Group is subject to VAT and related surcharges on revenue generated from software development services, exhibition and conference services, hardware sales and others. The Group records revenue net of VAT. This VAT may be offset by qualified input VAT paid by the Group to suppliers. Net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is recorded in the line item of other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
The VAT rate is 3% for small-scale value-added taxpayers providing services. Since March 1, 2020, the Treasury Department in PRC has announced various preferential tax treatment on VAT for small-scale value-added taxpayers. Taxation Announcement 2020#13 stated from March 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020, small-scale value-added taxpayers other than in Hubei province would be subject to a reduced value added tax rate of 1% on their taxable sales that used to subject to 3% VAT. Taxation Announcement 2020#24 extended the above preferential tax policy to December 31, 2020. In 2021, Taxation Announcement 2021#11 announced that from April 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, small-scale value-added taxpayers with monthly sales of less than RMB150,000 will be exempt from VAT. Taxation Announcement 2022#15 stated that from April 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, small-scale VAT taxpayers shall be exempt from VAT on taxable sales that used to subject to 3% VAT tax rate. Taxation Announcement 2023#1 stated that from January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023, small-scale VAT taxpayers would be subject to a reduced value added tax rate of 1% on their taxable sales that used to subject to 3% VAT.
s) Uncertain tax positions
The Group uses a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. As a result, the impact of an uncertain income tax position is recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.
Interest on non-payment of
income taxes under requirement by tax law and penalties associated with tax positions when a tax position does not meet the minimum statutory
threshold to avoid payment of penalties recognized, if any, will be classified as a component of the provisions for income taxes. The
tax returns of the Group’s Hong Kong and PRC subsidiaries are subject to examination by the relevant local tax authorities. According
to the Departmental Interpretation and Practice Notes No.11 (Revised) (“DIPN11”) of the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance
(the “HK tax laws”), an investigation normally covers the
t) Segment reporting
ASC 280, Disclosures about Segments, of an Enterprise and Related Information, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in business activities from which they may earn revenues and incur expenses, and about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-marker, or decision-making group (the “CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
The Group has determined that it
has only one
u) Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from owners and distributions to owners. For the years presented, total comprehensive income included foreign currency translation adjustments.
F-14
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
v) Earnings per share
Earnings (loss) per share is computed in accordance with ASC 260. The two-class method is used for computing earnings per share in the event the Group has net income available for distribution. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between ordinary shares and participating securities based on dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings as if all the earnings for the reporting period had been distributed. Basic earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the sum of the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding and dilutive potential ordinary shares during the period. For the years ended June 30, 2025, there were , issuance of convertible bonds and the warrants, so is applicable as participating securities existed. For the years ended June 30, 2024, there was only Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, so is not applicable as no participating securities existed.
Basic earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive Class A ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the year. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive or in the case of contingently issuable shares that all necessary conditions for issuance have not been satisfied.
w) Commitments and contingencies
The Group accrues estimated losses from loss contingencies by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired, or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably possible that a estimable material loss could be incurred.
As of both June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no contingent liabilities relating to litigations against the Group.
x) Lease
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The amendments in this ASU require that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments — Credit losses (Topic 326), Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815), and Lease (Topic 842): Effective Date. ASU2019-10 amends the effective dates for ASU No. 2016-02. The Group fits the requirement for other entities and has adopted ASU2016-02 for fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company has adopted the amendments with no material change to the Group’s balance sheet to recognize right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities for operating leases.
y) Change in presentation in consolidated statement of cash flow
The cash flow from deferred IPO cost was classified as operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flow for the year ended June 30, 2023 in previous filing. This cost is financial in nature and it is to be presented under cash flow from financing activities for the reporting periods. This change has no impact on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
z) Recent issued or adopted accounting standards
The Group is an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Group does not opt out of extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards. Therefore, the Group’s financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
F-15
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. The amendments in this ASU require the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. The amendments in this ASU replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of credit losses. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses”, which among other things, clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. For public entities, the amendments in these ASUs are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. As a result of the issuance of ASU No. 2019-10 as discussed above, the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 and its subsequent updates for all other entities was deferred to for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group has adopted the ASUs since the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 and the adoption does not have material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flow.
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements — Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative”. The amendments in this ASU are in response to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, in which the SEC referred certain of its disclosure requirements that overlap with, but require incremental information to, generally accepted accounting principles to the FASB for potential incorporation into the Codification. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. For all entities, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the related amendment will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective for any entity. The Group is still evaluating the impact of this amendment to the Group’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flow.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvement to Income Tax Disclosure”. This standard requires more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This standard also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025.
Other accounting pronouncements that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations upon adoption.
F-16
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. Discontinued operation
Based on a strategic plan, the Company sold Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network pursuant to an Equity Transfer Agreement made upon HONGKONG TECHFAITH LIMITED.
In accordance with the provisions of ASC 205-20, we determined that the results from operations assets and liabilities associated with Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network were to be excluded from our continuing operations and presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, we classified the results from operations of Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network separately in captions titled “discontinued operations” on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) for the current year. Additionally, assets and liabilities associated with Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 were reclassified from certain amounts reported in the prior year to present separately in captions titled “assets of discontinued operations – current”, “assets of discontinued operations – non-current”, “liabilities of discontinued operations – current” and “liabilities of discontinued operations – non-current” to conform to current year financial statement presentation.
The following is a summary of assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2025 and a reconciliation of assets and liabilities disclosed in the notes to financial statements that are presented as a discontinued operation on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATION | ||||||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||||||
| Due from related parties | ||||||||||||
| Deposits, prepayments and other current assets, net | ||||||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||||||
| NON - CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||||||
| Property, planty and equipment, net | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||
| Total non - current assets | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATION | ||||||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables | ||||||||||||
| Advances from customers | ||||||||||||
| Due to related parties | ||||||||||||
| Tax payable | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| NON - CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Amount due to related parties - non-current | ||||||||||||
| Total non - current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-17
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. Discontinued operation (cont.)
The following is a reconciliation of the major classes of financial statement line items constituting net (loss)/income from discontinued operations from Guangzhou Sanyi Network and Guangzhou 3E Network, our discontinued operation, that is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements and presented in the consolidated statements of net (loss)/income for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Net revenues | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Taxes and other surcharges | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other income/(expenses).net | ||||||||||||
| (Loss)/income before income tax | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| (Loss)/income from discontinued operation, net of income tax | ||||||||||||
4. Financial Assets Held for Trading
The following table present fair value measurments of investment:
| June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | |||||||||||||
| Financial Assets Held for Trading | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||
The Group purchased certain units of an investment fund through which it mainly invested in the debt security markets. The fair value of this investment cannot be determined by market value as the fund was not publicly traded. Unit price was determined by the fund manager with liquidity discounts taken into account.
The following table set forth the movements for financial assets held for trading:
| Financial Assets Held for Trading |
||||
| US$ | ||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | ||||
| Subscription Amount | ||||
| Net change in unrealized appriciation (depreciation) on investments | ||||
| Net realized gain (loss) on investments | ||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | ||||
| Subscription Amount | ||||
| Net change in unrealized appriciation (depreciation) on investments | ||||
| Net realized gain (loss) on investments | ||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | ||||
5. Accounts Receivables, net
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Less than 6 months | ||||||||||||
| More than 6 months but less than 1 year | ||||||||||||
| More than 1 year | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
F-18
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5. Accounts Receivables, net (cont.)
The roll forward schedule of accounts receivable allowance is as follows:
| Amount | ||||
| US$ | ||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | ||||
| Addition | ||||
| Write off | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate difference | ||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | ||||
| Addition | ||||
| Write off | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate difference | ||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | ||||
| Addition | ( | ) | ||
| Write off | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate difference | ||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | ( | ) | ||
As of June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023,
US$
6. Deposits, Prepayments and Other Current Assets
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Deposits for purchase of vehicle | ||||||||||||
| Disposal proceeds receivable | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||||||
| Deposits, prepayments and other current assets | ||||||||||||
7. Investment
| Guangzhou Sanyi Network |
||||
| US$ | ||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | ||||
| Net realized gain (loss) on investments | ||||
| Net change in unrealized appriciation (depreciation) on investments | ||||
| Interest and dividend income paid | ||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | ||||
| Fair value of 40% equity of Guangzhou Sanyi Network | ||||
| Net realized gain (loss) on investments | ||||
| Net change in unrealized appriciation (depreciation) on investments | ||||
| Interest a nd dividend income paid | ||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | ||||
F-19
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8. Deferred IPO Costs
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Accounting and audit fee | ||||||||||||
| Legal expenses | ||||||||||||
| Consultancy fee | ||||||||||||
| Underwriter fee | ||||||||||||
| Others | ||||||||||||
| Deferred IPO Costs | ||||||||||||
9. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Payroll payables | ||||||||||||
| Accrued professional fees | ||||||||||||
| Accrued audit fees | ||||||||||||
| Reimbursable payables | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ||||||||||||
10. Convertible Note
On June 9, 2025, the Company
entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an institutional investor (the “Investor”),
pursuant to which the Company (i) up to $
The Purchase Agreement provides
for three tranches of Notes and Warrants, including (i) the First Tranche, which consists of up to $
F-20
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
10. Convertible Note (cont.)
The
Company also issued
On
the initial first closing date, the investor shall pay the company the available funds equivalent to the initial first closing subscription
amount of US$
The Company has identified and evaluated the embedded features of the convertible notes, and concluded that (i) the Company call option, contingent interest features for event of default, and event of delisting put option are clearly and closely related to the debt host instrument and, therefore, are not required to be bifurcated under ASC 815, (ii) the conversion right is eligible for a scope exception from derivative accounting and is not required to be bifurcated under ASC 815. Consequently, the Company accounts for the convertible notes as a liability following the respective guidance of ASC 815 and ASC 470.
The company issue (i) up to
Warrants to purchase up to certain number of Class A ordinary shares par value $
The amortized cost of the Convertible Note as of June 30, 2025 consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, 2025 |
||||
| US$ | ||||
| Convertible Note Principal- Issued in June 2025 | ||||
| Convertible Note Interest Adjustment | ( |
) | ||
| Total | ||||
F-21
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. Income Taxes
The entities within the Group file separate tax returns in the respective tax jurisdictions in which they operate.
British Virgin Islands (“BVI”)
Under the current laws of the BVI, the Group’s subsidiaries incorporated in BVI are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by these BVI companies to its respective shareholders, no BVI withholding tax will be imposed.
Hong Kong, PRC
Our subsidiary, HK 3e Network, is a Hong Kong entity subject to the two-tier profits tax rates system, which was introduced to the Ordinance with effect from 1 April 2018.
Under
the two-tier profit tax rates regime, the profits tax rate for the first HKD
In respect of dividends paid to HK 3e Network by Guangzhou 3E Network and Guangzhou Sanyi Network, under Hong Kong’s Foreign-sourced Income Exemption regime effective from 1 January 2023, income arising in or derived from a territory outside Hong Kong (such as dividends) received by a Hong Kong entity which is a multinational enterprise entity (“MNE entity”) carrying on business in Hong Kong may be regarded as specified foreign-sourced income which will be deemed to be sourced from Hong Kong and chargeable to profits tax, subject to certain exemptions. In addition, payments of dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiary to its shareholder(s) are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.
Mainland, PRC
The
Group’s PRC subsidiaries are governed by the income tax law of the PRC and are subject to the PRC enterprise income tax (“EIT”).
The EIT rate of PRC is
F-22
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. Income Taxes (cont.)
For the years ended June 30, 2025,
2024 and 2023, the income tax rate of the Group’s PRC subsidiaries is
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Current tax expense | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax expense | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expenses | ||||||||||||
A reconciliation of the income tax expense determined at the PRC statutory income tax rate to the Group’s actual income tax expense is as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Income before income tax expense | ||||||||||||
| PRC statutory income tax rate | % | % | % | |||||||||
| Income tax at PRC statutory income tax rate | ||||||||||||
| Difference due to preferential tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Difference due to discontinue subsidiary | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||
For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, 2023, the Group has no deferred tax assets.
For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Group did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions. The Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2025, 2024 or 2023. The Group does not expect that its assessment regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months.
F-23
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. Ordinary Shares
As
of June 30, 2024, the Company had
On January 10, 2025, the Group
issued
On January 24, 2025, the board
of directors approved the issuance of
As a result, as of the date of
this annual report, there are
13. Restricted Net Assets
The Group’s operations are conducted through its PRC subsidiaries. The Group’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on receiving distributions of funds from its PRC subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by its PRC subsidiaries only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, and after it has met the PRC requirements for appropriation to statutory reserves. Paid in capital of the PRC subsidiaries included in the Group’s consolidated net assets are also non-distributable for dividend purposes.
In accordance with the PRC
regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, a WFOE established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserves,
namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profit as
reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A WFOE is required to allocate at least
As a result of these PRC laws
and regulations, the Group’s PRC subsidiary is restricted in its ability to transfer a portion of its net assets to the Company.
As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, net assets restricted in the aggregate, which include paid-in capital and statutory reserve of the Group’s
PRC subsidiaries, that is included in the Group’s consolidated net assets were approximately and $
14. Employee Defined Contribution Plan
Full time employees of the
Group’s subsidiaries in PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits,
medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The related labor regulations of PRC require
that the Group make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries.
The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefits were US$
15. Concentration of Risk
Credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and due from related parties. As of June 30, 2025, all of the Groups’ cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash was held by major financial institutions located in Hong Kong. The Group believes that these financial institutions located in Hong Kong are of high credit quality. For accounts receivable and due from related parties, the Group extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer’s or other parties’ financial condition, generally without requiring collateral or other security. In order to minimize the credit risk, the Group delegated a team responsible for credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. Further, the Group reviews the recoverable amount of each individual receivable at each balance sheet date to ensure that adequate allowances are made for doubtful accounts. In this regard, the Group considers that the Group’s credit risk for accounts receivable and due from related parties is significantly reduced.
F-24
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
15. Concentration of Risk (cont.)
Concentration of customers and suppliers
The following tables summarized the information about the Group’s concentration of customers and suppliers for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 or as of June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues, customer concentration risk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended June 30, 2025 | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended June 30, 2024 | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, customer concentration risk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2025 | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2024 | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | H | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase, supplier concentration risk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended June 30, 2025 | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, supplier concentration risk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2025 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
| — | No transaction incurred during the year/no balance existed as of the reporting date. |
16. Commitments and Contingencies
As of June 30, 2025 and 2024,
the Group has no operating lease commitment for more than
For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, rental expenses under operating leases were approximately and US$, respectively.
For the years ended June 30, 2025, the Group has $ under lawsuit contingencies.
17. Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share for each of the year presented is calculated as follows:
| For the years ended | ||||||||||||
| June 30, | ||||||||||||
| Numerators | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||
| Denominators | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Weighted average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding-Basic and diluted* | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding-Basic and diluted* | ||||||||||||
| Net income per Class A Ordinary Share-Basic and diluted* | ||||||||||||
| Net income per Class B Ordinary Share-Basic and diluted* | ||||||||||||
| * |
F-25
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
17. Earnings Per Share (cont.)
Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase earnings per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Group had no dilutive shares.
18. Due From/(To) Related Parties
The following is a list of the related parties with whom the Group conducted transactions during the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and their relation with the Group:
| Name of the related parties | Relation with the Group | |
| Mr. Tingjun Yang | ||
| Ms. Hui Wang | ||
| Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law | ||
| Ms. Jianping Niu | ||
| Mr. Huabei Zhu | ||
| Guangzhou Sanyi Network |
| As of | As of | As of | ||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Due from related parties | ||||||||||||
| Ms. Hui Wang * | ||||||||||||
| Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law | ||||||||||||
| Ms. Jianping Niu | ||||||||||||
| Mr. Huabei Zhu | ||||||||||||
| * |
On January 24, 2025, the Board
of Directors approved the issuance of
The balance of due from Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law represented cash advanced to these related parties to use for the Company’s operations.
| As of | As of | As of | ||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Due to related parties – non-current | ||||||||||||
| Mr.Tingjun Yang | ||||||||||||
| Guangzhou Sanyi Network | ||||||||||||
| Mr. Shu Sang Joseph Law | ||||||||||||
Due to related parties represents interest-free loan payable on money borrowed by the Company and used for daily operation. These amounts are settled on demand. As of the date of this financial statement, of the payable has been settled.
F-26
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
19. Subsequent Events
On October 15 2025, the Group has
entered into a new letter agreement ("Letter Agreement") with an institutional investor ("Investor"), pursuant to
which the parties agreed to (i) amend the First Tranche Note such that the remaining portion thereof cannot be converted below a floor
price equal to $
On October 16, 2025, the Group
registered
On October 17, 2025, The Group
issued entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor, pursuant to which the Group agreed to sell and issue
a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of this consolidated financial statements, which was through November 14, 2025, and noted that there are no further material subsequent events.
20. Financial Information of the Parent Company
The Parent Company was incorporated on October 8, 2018. The following disclosures present the financial positions of the Parent Company as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and results of operations and cash flows of the Parent Company for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
The financial statements of the Parent Company have been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Group’s consolidated financial statements except that the Parent Company uses the equity method to account for investments in its subsidiaries.
The Parent Company and its subsidiaries were included in the consolidated financial statements whereby the inter-company balances and transactions were eliminated upon consolidation. For the purpose of the Parent Company’s financial statements, its investments in subsidiaries are reported using the equity method of accounting.
The Parent Company is a BVI company, therefore, is not subject to income taxes for all years presented.
F-27
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
20. Financial Information of the Parent Company (cont.)
Balance Sheets
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deposits, prepayments and other current assets, net | ||||||||
| Due from related parties | ||||||||
| Due from Intercompany | ||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | $ | $ | ||||||
| Due to Intercompany | ||||||||
| Convertible bonds | ||||||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Shares ($ | $ | $ | ||||||
| Subscription receivables | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| * | The shares and per share data are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the stock split. |
F-28
3 E NETWORK TECHNOLOGY GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
20. Financial Information of the Parent Company (cont.)
Statements of Operations
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| General and administration expenses | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Other expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Exchange gain | ||||||||
| Income from equity-method investment | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
Statements of Cash Flows
(In US$, except for share and per share data, or otherwise stated)
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Gain from equity-method investment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes | ||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
F-29
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 6. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Our Amended and Restated Articles provide that, subject to certain limitations, we indemnify against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings for any person who:
| ● | is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that the person is or was our director; or |
| ● | is or was, at our request, serving as a director of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another body corporate or a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. |
We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers in connection with our initial public offering. Under these agreements, we have agreed to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our company.
We intend to obtain directors’ and officer’s liability insurance coverage that will cover certain liabilities of directors and officers of our company arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.
ITEM 7. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.
During the past three years, we have issued and sold the securities described below without registering the securities under the Securities Act. None of these transactions involved any underwriters’ underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering.
On October 6, 2021, the Company issued the following number of shares:
| Name | Number of Ordinary Shares | Purchase Price | ||||||
| Shu Sang Joseph Law | 520 | US$ | 520.00 | |||||
| Vast Profit Ventures Limited | 50 | US$ | 50.00 | |||||
| State-of-the-Art International Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Vanguard First Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Great name Group Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Cosmic Paramount Enterprises Limited | 50 | US$ | 50.00 | |||||
| Lucky Champion Ventures Limited | 50 | US$ | 50.00 | |||||
| APTC Holdings Limited | 45 | US$ | 45.00 | |||||
| Market Tycoon Investments Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Golden Base Ventures Limited | 45 | US$ | 45.00 | |||||
| Total | 1,000 | US$ | 1,000.00 | |||||
II-1
On September 29, 2022, Mr. Law purchased a total of 250 shares for an aggregate of US$250, including 50 shares from Cosmic Paramount Enterprises Limited for US$50, 50 shares from Lucky Champion Ventures Limited for US$50, 45 shares from APTC Holdings Limited for US$45, 60 shares from Market Tycoon Investments Limited for US$60, and 45 shares from Golden Base Ventures Limited for US$45, resulting the following remaining shareholders:
| Name | Number
of Ordinary Shares |
Purchase
Price |
||||||
| Shu Sang Joseph Law | 770 | US$ | 770.00 | |||||
| Vast Profit Ventures Limited | 50 | US$ | 50.00 | |||||
| State-of-the-Art International Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Vanguard First Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Great name Group Limited | 60 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Total | 1,000 | US$ | 1,000.00 | |||||
On January 3, 2024, the Company filed the Amended and Restated Articles with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs of BVI to amend our authorized shares from 50,000 Ordinary Shares, par value of US$1 per share, to 500,000,000 shares with a par value of USD 0.0001 each, comprising i) 400,000,000 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, par value USD 0.0001 per share and ii) 100,000,000 shares of Class B Ordinary Shares, par value USD 0.0001 per share. Simultaneously, the Company effectuated a forward split of all issued and outstanding shares at a ratio of 1-for-10,000, and converted all existing issued and outstanding ordinary shares into Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a ratio of 1-for-1, resulting to the following remaining shareholders and respective number of shares:
Name |
Number
of Class A Ordinary Shares |
Purchase
Price |
||||||
| Shu Sang Joseph Law | 7,700,000 | US$ | 770.00 | |||||
| Vast Profit Ventures Limited | 500,000 | US$ | 50.00 | |||||
| State-of-the-Art International Limited | 600,000 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Vanguard First Limited | 600,000 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Great name Group Limited | 600,000 | US$ | 60.00 | |||||
| Total | 10,000,000 | US$ | 1,000.00 | |||||
II-2
On January 24, 2025, the Company adopted written resolutions and approved the issuance of 300,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Niu Jianping and 280,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to Zhu Huabei, with a par value of USD0.0001 per share, with such amounts to be paid in cash, resulting to the following remaining shareholders:
| Name | Number
of Class A Ordinary Shares |
Purchase
Price |
Number
of Class B Ordinary Shares |
Purchase Price |
||||||||||||
| Shu Sang Joseph Law | 7,700,000 | US$ | 770.00 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Vast Profit Ventures Limited | 500,000 | US$ | 50.00 | — | — | |||||||||||
| State-of-the-Art International Limited | 600,000 | US$ | 60.00 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Vanguard First Limited | 600,000 | US$ | 60.00 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Great name Group Limited | 600,000 | US$ | 60.00 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Niu Jianping | — | — | 300,000 | US$ | 30.00 | |||||||||||
| Zhu Huabei | — | — | 280,000 | US$ | 28.00 | |||||||||||
| Total | 10,000,000 | US$ | 1,000.00 | 580,000 | US$ | 58.00 | ||||||||||
ITEM 8. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a) Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index attached to this registration statement, which is incorporated by reference herein.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
ITEM 9. UNDERTAKINGS.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 6, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-3
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
| 1. | For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
| 2. | For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| 3. | For the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that No statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| 4. | For the purpose of determining any liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
II-4
EXHIBIT INDEX
II-5
II-6
| + | Portions of this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. |
| * | Previously filed. |
II-7
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on the Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, on December 30, 2025.
| 3 E Network Technology Group Limited | ||
| By: | /s/ Tingjun Yang | |
| Tingjun Yang | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Tingjun Yang as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his name or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, in connection with this registration statement, including to sign and file in the name and on behalf of the undersigned as director or officer of the registrant, any and all amendments or supplements (including any and all prospectus supplements, stickers and post-effective amendments) to this registration statement with all exhibits thereto, and sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all post-effective amendments thereto and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and any applicable securities exchange, securities self-regulatory body or other regulatory authority, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in connection therewith and in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ Tingjun Yang | Chief Executive Officer and Director | December 30, 2025 | ||
| Tingjun Yang | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Hailiang Jia | Chief Financial Officer | December 30, 2025 | ||
| Hailiang Jia | (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) | |||
| /s/ Hao Liu | Independent Director | December 30, 2025 | ||
| Hao Liu | ||||
| /s/ Fenfen Qi | Independent Director | December 30, 2025 | ||
| Fenfen Qi | ||||
| /s/ Yu Liu | Independent Director | December 30, 2025 | ||
| Yu Liu |
II-8
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America, has signed this registration statement thereto in the City of New York, State of New York, United States, on December 30, 2025.
| AUTHORIZED
U.S. REPRESENTATIVE Cogency Global Inc. |
|||
| By: | /s/ Colleen A. De Vries | ||
| Name: | Colleen A. De Vries | ||
| Title: | Sr. Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc. | ||
II-9
Exhibit 5.1
 |
Harney Westwood & Riegels |
| 3501 The Center | |
| 99 Queen’s Road Central | |
| Hong Kong | |
| Tel: +852 5806 7800 | |
| Fax: +852 5806 7810 |
30 December 2025
068302.0001
3 E Network Technology Group Limited
Aegis Chambers, 1st Floor
Ellen Skelton Building
3076 Sir Francis Drake’s Highway
Road Town, Tortola, VG1110
British Virgin Islands
Dear Sir or Madam
3 E Network Technology Group Limited (the Company)
We are lawyers qualified to practise in the British Virgin Islands and have acted as British Virgin Islands advisers to the Company in connection with the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1 (the Registration Statement), including all amendments or supplements thereto, and accompanying prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), relating to the offer and sale by the Selling Shareholder (as defined in the Registration Statement) of an aggregate of up to 114,503,817 Class A Ordinary Shares (as defined below) issuable upon conversion in full of the Convertible Note (as defined in the Registration Statement) (the Shares).
We are furnishing this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.
For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined the Documents (as defined in Schedule 1) which we regard as necessary in order to issue this opinion. We have not examined any other documents, official or corporate records or external or internal registers and have not undertaken or been instructed to undertake any further enquiry or due diligence in relation to the transaction which is the subject of this opinion.
In giving this opinion we have relied upon the assumptions set out in Schedule 2 which we have not verified.
Based solely upon the foregoing examinations and assumptions and having regard to legal considerations which we deem relevant, and subject to the qualifications set out in Schedule 3, we are of the opinion that under the laws of the British Virgin Islands:
| 1 | Existence and Good Standing. The Company is a BVI business company duly incorporated with limited liability, and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The Company is a separate legal entity and is subject to suit in its own name. |
| 2 | Maximum Number of Authorized Shares. Based on our review of the M&A (as defined in Schedule 1), the Company is authorized to issue a maximum of 500,000,000 shares with a par value of USD0.0001 each, comprising i) 400,000,000 shares of class A ordinary shares, par value USD0.0001 per share (the Class A Ordinary Shares) and ii) 100,000,000 shares of class B ordinary shares, par value USD0.0001 per share. |
|
The British Virgin Islands is Harneys Hong Kong office’s main jurisdiction of practice. Jersey legal services are provided through a referral arrangement with Harneys (Jersey) which is an independently owned and controlled Jersey law firm. Resident Partners: M Chu | Y Fan | SG Gray | IC Groark | SO Karolczuk | PM Kay | MW Kwok IN Mann | BP McCosker | R Ng | PJ Sephton |
Anguilla | Bermuda | British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands | Cyprus | Dubai | Hong Kong | Jersey London | Luxembourg | Shanghai | Singapore harneys.com |
| 3 | Valid Issuance of Shares. The allotment and issuance of the Shares upon the conversion of the Convertible Note in accordance with the terms thereof and as contemplated by the Registration Statement have been duly authorised and, when allotted, issued and fully paid for in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Note and the Registration Statement, and when the names of the shareholders are entered in the register of members of the Company, the Shares will be validly allotted, issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
| 4 | British Virgin Islands Law. The statements under the headings “Taxation - British Virgin Islands Taxation”, “Taxation - British Virgin Islands Economic Substance Legislation”, “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities” and “Description of Shares” in the prospectus forming part of the Registration Statement, to the extent that they constitute statements of British Virgin Islands law, are accurate in all material respects as at the date of this opinion and such statements constitute our opinion. |
This opinion is confined to the matters expressly opined on herein and given on the basis of the laws of the British Virgin Islands as they are in force and applied by the British Virgin Islands courts at the date of this opinion. We have made no investigation of, and express no opinion on, the laws of any other jurisdiction. Except as specifically stated herein, we express no opinion as to matters of fact. Except as specifically stated herein, we make no comment with respect to any representations and warranties which may be made by or with respect to the Company in the Registration Statement. We express no opinion with respect to the commercial terms of the transactions the subject of this opinion.
In connection with the above opinion, we hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference made to our firm in the Registration Statement under the headings “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”, “Taxation - British Virgin Islands Taxation” and “Legal Matters” and elsewhere in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission thereunder
This opinion is limited to the matters referred to herein and shall not be construed as extending to any other matter or document not referred to herein.
This opinion shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the British Virgin Islands.
| Yours faithfully | |
| /s/ Harney Westwood & Riegels | |
| Harney Westwood & Riegels |
2
Schedule 1
List of Documents and Records Examined
| 1 | a copy of the certificate of incorporation of the Company dated 6 October 2021; |
| 2 | a copy of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company amended and restated on 3 January 2024 (the M&A); |
| 3 | a copy of the register of directors of the Company provided to us on 17 December 2025; |
| 4 | a copy of the written resolutions of the directors of the Company passed on 17 December 2025 (the Resolutions); |
| 5 | a copy of the certificate of good standing in respect of the Company issued by the Registrar of Corporate Affairs dated 18 December 2025; |
| 6 | a certificate from a director of the Company dated 29 December 2025, a copy of which is attached hereto (the Director’s Certificate); and |
| 7 | the Registration Statement to be filed with the Commission on or about the date of this opinion, |
(1 to 6 above are the Corporate Documents, and 1 to 7 above are the Documents).
3
Schedule 2
Assumptions
| 1 | Authenticity of Documents. All original Documents are authentic, all signatures, initials and seals are genuine, all copies of Documents are true and correct copies. |
| 2 | Corporate Documents. All matters required by law to be recorded in the Corporate Documents are so recorded, all corporate minutes, resolutions, certificates, documents and records which we have reviewed are accurate and complete, and all facts expressed in or implied thereby are accurate and complete. |
| 3 | Director’s Certificate. The contents of the Director’s Certificate are true and accurate as at the date of this opinion and there is no information not contained in the Director’s Certificate that will in any way affect this opinion. |
| 4 | No Steps to Wind-up. The directors and shareholders of the Company have not taken any steps to appoint a liquidator of the Company and no receiver has been appointed over any of the property or assets of the Company. |
| 5 | Resolutions. The written Resolutions have been duly executed (and where executed by a corporate entity, such execution has been duly authorised if so required) by or on behalf of each director or shareholder (as the case may be), and the signatures and initials thereon are those of a person or persons in whose name the Resolutions have been expressed to be signed. The Resolutions remain in full force and effect. |
| 6 | Unseen Documents. Save for the Documents provided to us there are no resolutions, agreements, documents or arrangements which materially affect, amend or vary the transactions envisaged in the Registration Statement. |
4
Schedule 3
Qualifications
| 1 | Foreign Statutes. We express no opinion in relation to provisions making reference to foreign statutes in the Registration Statement. |
| 2 | Commercial Terms. Except as specifically stated herein, we make no comment with respect to any representations and warranties which may be made by or with respect to the Company in any of the documents or instruments cited in this opinion or otherwise with respect to the commercial terms of the transactions the subject of this opinion. |
| 3 | Meaning of Non-Assessable. In this opinion the phrase non-assessable means, with respect to the issuance of shares, that a shareholder shall not, in respect of the relevant shares, have any obligation to make further contributions to the Company’s assets (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil). |
| 4 | Good Standing. To maintain the Company in good standing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, it must pay its annual licence fees to the Registrar of Corporate Affairs, and comply with its mandated statutory obligations. |
5
Annex
Director’s Certificate
6
Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIAIRES OF THE REGISTRANT
| Subsidiaries | Jurisdiction of Incorporation/Formation | |
| 3e Network Technology Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | |
| 3e Network Technology Company Limited | Hong Kong | |
| Maskmeta Limited | Hong Kong |
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors
3 E Network Technology Group Ltd
We hereby consent to the inclusion our report dated November 14, 2025 in this Registration Statement on Form F-1 dated December 30, 2025 of 3 E Network Technology Group Ltd (the “Company”), relating to the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of June 30, 2025, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
| /s/ GGF CPA LTD | |
| PCAOB No.: 2729 | |
| Guangzhou, China | |
| December 30, 2025 |
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement on Form F-1 of our report dated December 4, 2024 with respect to the consolidated financial statements of 3 E Network Technology Group Limited as of and for the year ended June 30, 2024 included in the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
|
/s/ HTL International, LLC |
|
|
Houston, TX |
|
| December 30, 2025 |
Exhibit 99.1
Shanghai Skylight Law Firm
上海天知澜律师事务所
December 30, 2025
To:
3 E Network Technology Group Limited
No.118 Connaught Road West, 3003-2
Hong Kong, China
PRC Legal Opinion
Dear Madams/Sirs,
We are lawyers qualified in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC,” which for the purpose of this legal opinion (this “Opinion”), does not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan) and are qualified to issue an opinion on the PRC Laws (as defined below).
We, as the PRC legal counsel to 3 E Network Technology Group Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Company”), have been requested to provide this legal opinion in connection with the proposed offering (the “Offering”). Pursuant to the registration statement to be submitted by the Company to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 2025, including the final prospectus and all related amendments thereto, up to an aggregate of 114,503,817 class A ordinary shares of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share (each, a “Class A Ordinary Share”, collectively, “Class A Ordinary Shares”) issuable upon conversion in full of a convertible note issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) that the Company entered into with L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (the “Selling Shareholder” or “L1 Capital”) on December 18, 2025.
A. Definitions
In addition to the terms defined in the context of this Opinion, the following capitalized terms used in this Opinion shall have the meanings ascribed to them as follows:
| i. | “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| ii. | “Governmental Agencies” means any national, provincial or local governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, court, arbitration commissions or any other judicial body of the PRC. |
| iii. | “PRC Laws” means all applicable national, provincial and local laws, regulations and rules of the PRC currently in effect and publicly available on the date of this Opinion. |
| iv. | “Prospectus” means the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement and any and all prospectus supplement(s) to the foregoing prospectus. |
| v. | “Registration Statement” means the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, including the final prospectus as filed, and any and all amendments to the foregoing Registration Statement. |
Shanghai Skylight Law Firm
上海天知澜律师事务所
B. Documents and Assumptions
In rendering this Opinion, we have reviewed the Registration Statement including the Prospectus, and examined originals or copies of the due diligence documents provided to us by the Company and such other documents, corporate records and certificates issued by the Governmental Agencies (collectively, the “Documents”).
In reviewing the Documents and for the purpose of this Opinion, we have assumed without independent investigation that (“Assumptions”)
| i. | All signatures, seals and chops are genuine, each signature on behalf of a party thereto is that of a person duly authorized by such party to execute the same, all Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic, and all Documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the originals; |
| ii. | Each of the parties to the Documents, (a) if a legal person or other entity, is duly organized and is validly existing in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization or incorporation, or (b) if an individual, has full capacity for civil conduct; each of them has full power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Documents to which it is a party in accordance with the laws of its jurisdiction of organization or incorporation or the laws that it/she/he is subject to; |
| iii. | The Documents that were presented to us remain in full force and effect on the date of this Opinion and have not been revoked, amended or supplemented, and no amendments, revisions, supplements, modifications or other changes have been made, and no revocation or termination has occurred, with respect to any of the Documents after they were submitted to us for the purposes of this Opinion; |
| iv. | The laws of jurisdictions other than the PRC which may be applicable to the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of the Documents are complied with; |
| v. | All requested Documents have been provided to us and all factual statements made to us by the Company in connection with this Opinion are true, correct and complete in all aspects; and |
| vi. | On December 25, 2025, the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiary, 3e Network Technology Company Limited (“HK 3e Network”), entered into an equity transfer agreement with HongKong Techfaith Limited (“Techfaith”), pursuant to which HK 3e Network agreed to sell, and Techfaith agreed to acquire 40% of the equity interests in Guangzhou 3e Network Technology Company Limited. On December 30, 2025, the relevant registration procedures in respect of the foregoing equity transfer have been submitted to the competent authorities in the PRC. Upon completion of the foregoing equity transfer, the Company does not directly or indirectly hold any equity interests in any company within the territory of the PRC. |
2
Shanghai Skylight Law Firm
上海天知澜律师事务所
Based on our review of the Documents and subject to the Assumptions and the Qualifications set out above, we are of the opinion that:
| (1) | The statements in the Prospectus under the sections entitled “PROSPECTUS SUMMARY”, “RISK FACTORS”, “ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES”, “BUSINESS”, “REGULATIONS”, “TAXATION” and “LEGAL MATTERS”, only to the extent that they describe or summarize matters of PRC Laws or documents, agreements or proceedings governed by the PRC Laws, are true and accurate in all material respects, and fairly present or summarize, in all material respects, the PRC legal and regulatory matters, proceedings referred to therein, and nothing has been omitted from such statements which would make the statements, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, misleading in any material respect. |
This Opinion expressed above is subject to the following qualifications (the “Qualifications”):
| i. | This Opinion is limited to the PRC Laws of general application on the date hereof. We have made no investigation of, and do not express or imply any views on, the laws of any jurisdiction other than the PRC. |
| ii. | All requested Documents have been provided to us and all factual statements made to us by the Company in connection with this Opinion are true, correct and complete in all aspects. |
| iii. | This Opinion is subject to the effects of (i) certain legal or statutory principles affecting the enforceability of contractual rights generally under the concepts of public interest, social ethics, national security, good faith, fair dealing, and applicable statutes of limitation; (ii) any circumstance in connection with formulation, execution or performance of any legal documents that would be deemed materially mistaken, clearly unconscionable, fraudulent, coercionary or concealing illegal intentions with a lawful form; (iii) judicial discretion with respect to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief, remedies or defenses, or calculation of damages; and (iv) the discretion of any competent PRC legislative, administrative or judicial bodies in exercising their authority in the PRC. |
| iv. | This Opinion is issued based on our understanding of the current PRC Laws. For matters not explicitly provided under the current PRC Laws, the interpretation, implementation and application of the specific requirements under the PRC Laws are subject to the final discretion of competent PRC legislative, administrative and judicial authorities, and there can be no assurance that the Government Agencies will ultimately take a view that is not contrary to our opinion stated above. |
| v. | Unless otherwise stated herein, this Opinion is issued solely based on the Documents we have received from the Company as of the date hereof, except that we may rely, as to matters of fact (but not as to legal conclusions), to the extent we deem proper, on certificates and confirmations of responsible officers of the Company and Governmental Agencies. |
| vi. | This Opinion is intended to be used in the context which is specifically referred to herein, each paragraph shall be construed as a whole and no part shall be extracted and referred to independently. |
| vii. | As used in this Opinion, the expression “to the best of our knowledge” or similar language with reference to matters of fact refers to the current actual knowledge of the attorneys of this firm who have worked on matters for the Company in connection with the Offering. We have not undertaken any independent investigation to determine the existence or absence of any fact, and no inference as to our knowledge of the existence or absence of any fact shall be drawn from our representation of the Company or the rendering of this Opinion. |
3
Shanghai Skylight Law Firm
上海天知澜律师事务所
This Opinion is rendered solely to you for the purpose hereof only and may not be issued, quoted or disclosed to any other party for any other purpose without our prior written consent.
This Opinion is given for the benefit of the addressee hereof, and without our express prior written consent, may not be relied upon by any person or entity other than the addressee. Save as provided herein, this Opinion shall not be quoted nor shall a copy be given to any person without our express prior written consent except where such disclosure is required to be made by the applicable law or is requested by the Commission or any other regulatory agencies.
We hereby consent to the use of this Opinion in, and the filing hereof as an exhibit to, the Registration Statement, and to the reference to our name in such Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.
| Yours faithfully, | |
| /s/ Shanghai Skylight Law Firm | |
| Shanghai Skylight Law Firm |
4
Exhibit 99.2
 |
*Abstracts of the Opinion part from Hong Kong Legal Opinion (Not Including Assumptions / Qualifications)
|
Our Ref:
Please reply to: Charles Yim / Ningxin Sun
Direct line/Mobile: +852 3585 6571/3043 / +852 9565 6373
Email: charlesyim@zhongyincharles.com / ningxinsun@zhongyincharles.com
30 December 2025
BY EMAIL
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
3 E Network Technology Group Limited (the “Company”)
Dear Sirs,
Legal Opinion on (1) 3e Network Technology Company Limited; and (2) Maskmeta Limited
We have acted as the Hong Kong legal advisor to the Company, whose subsidiaries include (1) 3e Network Technology Company Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong with business registration no. 69818347; and (2) Maskmeta Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong with business registration no. 77750719 (the “HK Companies” and each a “HK Company”) and are instructed to issue a Hong Kong legal opinion (this “Opinion”) in relation to the offer and sale from time to time by L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund of certain securities of the Company, which indirectly holds the entire issued shares of the HK Companies, as set forth in the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (collectively, the “Registration Statement”) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States of America (the “SEC”) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1993 (as amended), on the date hereof.
| 1. | Introduction |
| 1.1 | Defined terms |
| (a) | In this Opinion, the following expression shall have the meanings attributed to them respectively below: |
“CWUMPO” means the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap 32, Laws of Hong Kong); and
“Hong Kong” means the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
| (b) | Unless otherwise stated, terms defined or construed in the Registration Statement shall have the same meanings or construction in this Opinion. |
| (c) | Headings are for ease of reference only and shall not affect its interpretation. |
*Abstracts of the Opinion part from Hong Kong Legal Opinion (Not Including Assumptions / Qualifications) |
| 1.2 | Legal review |
| (a) | For the purpose of issuing this Opinion, we have only reviewed the documents referred to in Schedule 1 (Reviewed Documents) to this Opinion. Any references to such documents in this Opinion are to those documents as originally executed. |
| (b) | For the purpose of issuing this Opinion, we have only undertaken the searches and enquiries as set out in Paragraph 3 of Schedule 2 (Assumptions) to this Opinion. |
| (c) | Apart from the above documents, searches and enquiries, we have not examined any other contract, instrument or other documents entered into by or affecting, or any corporate record (if applicable) of, each HK Company or made any other searches and enquiries concerning each HK Company. |
| 1.3 | Applicable law |
| (a) | The opinions given hereunder are governed by Hong Kong law and relate only to Hong Kong law as applied by Hong Kong courts as at today’s date. We have not investigated the laws of other jurisdictions other than the laws of Hong Kong and we assume that no foreign law affects any of the opinions stated below. We express no opinion in this Opinion on the laws of any other jurisdiction. |
| 1.4 | Fact |
We express no opinion on matters of fact.
| 1.5 | Taxation |
We express no opinion on any taxation matter, and none is implied or may be inferred.
| 1.6 | Assumptions and qualifications |
The opinions given in this Opinion are given on the basis of the assumptions set out in Schedule 2 (Assumptions) and are subject to the qualifications set out in Schedule 3 (Qualifications) to this Opinion and subject also to any matter not disclosed to us by the person concerned. The opinions given in this Opinion are strictly limited to the matters stated in Paragraph 2 (Opinions) and do not extend to any other matters.
| 2. | Opinions |
We are of the opinion that:
| 2.1 | Status |
Each HK Company is a private company limited by shares duly incorporated and validly existing under the laws of Hong Kong.
2
*Abstracts of the Opinion part from Hong Kong Legal Opinion (Not Including Assumptions / Qualifications) |
| 2.2 | Searches |
The Company Search, the Winding-up/Bankruptcy Search and the Litigation Search against the HK Companies have not revealed:
| (a) | any resolution or order for the appointment of a receiver or a liquidator or for the winding-up of each HK Company; |
| (b) | any statutory declaration of the director(s) of each HK Company for the voluntary winding-up of the HK Company under Section 228A of the CWUMPO; or |
| (c) | any proceedings before the High Court of Hong Kong wherein each HK Company is a defendant. |
| 3. | Addressees and Purpose |
| 3.1 | In rendering this Opinion, we have taken instructions solely from the Company and no other person, and we assume no duty of care to any person other than the specific addressee of this Opinion in relation to the contents herein. This Opinion is delivered solely for the purpose of and in connection with the Registration Statement publicly filed with the SEC on the date of this Opinion. As such, they may not be used or relied upon on any other transactions or matters or by any other person for any other purposes whatsoever without our prior written consent. Providing this Opinion to the addressee does not establish a solicitor-client relationship between us. |
| 3.2 | Save as the above, we hereby consent to the use of this Opinion in, and the filing hereof as an exhibit to, the Registration Statement, and to the reference to our name in such Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder. |
Yours faithfully,
| /s/ Charles Wilson LLP | |
| Charles Wilson LLP |
3