NFT Ltd 20-F for FY2025
NFT Ltd (MI)
About this 20-F
NFT Ltd filed this 20-F on May 1, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $725.78K
- down 2.0% from $740.7K a year earlier
- Net loss
- $1.36M
- compared with net income of $6.3M a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
OR
For
the fiscal year ended
OR
OR
Date of event requiring this shell company report:
For the transition period from _________ to _____________.
Commission file number:
| (Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) |
| N/A |
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
| (Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
| +86-13061634962 |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
|
Telephone: Email: |
| (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person) |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
The number of Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.005 outstanding
as of December 31, 2025 is
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a
well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
If this report is an annual or transition report,
indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject
to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
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has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section
12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ | Other ☐ |
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check
mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐
No
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
INTRODUCTION
ii
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
The discussion contained in this Annual Report on Form 20-F (“Annual Report”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases like “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “target,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “we may,” “we will,” “we should,” “we seek,” “we plan,” the negative of those terms, and similar words or phrases. We base these forward-looking statements on our expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate as of the date of this Annual Report. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that cannot be predicted, quantified or controlled and that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. Statements in this Annual Report describe factors, among others, that could contribute to or cause these differences. Actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, projected or expected should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect. Because the factors discussed in this Annual Report could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statement. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly revise our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this Annual Report or the date of documents incorporated by reference herein that include forward-looking statements.
Currency, exchange rate, and other references
Unless otherwise noted, all currency figures in this filing are in U.S. dollars.
References to “US$,” “$”, “dollars” and “U.S. dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States.
References to “HK$” are to the Hong Kong dollars, the legal currency of Hong Kong.
References to “Hong Kong” are to “Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China”.
Unless otherwise specified or required by context, references to “we,” “the Company”, “NFT Limited”, “our” and “us” refer collectively to (i) NFT Limited, (ii) the subsidiaries of NFT Limited, Takung DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED (“Takung Digital”), Takung EXCHANGE LIMITED (“Takung Exchange”) and its wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary, METAVERSE DIGITAL PAYMENT CO., LIMITED (“Metaverse HK”), respectively.
iii
PART I
Item 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not Applicable.
Item 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable.
Item 3. KEY INFORMATION
Not applicable
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this annual report before making an investment in our Ordinary Shares. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we, our subsidiaries, face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in this annual report.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
There are uncertainties in the Chinese regulatory framework of internet payment and related financial system which may cause obstacles for our service of clients based in mainland China.
As of December 31, 2025, $4,386,659 of our cash was categorized as restricted cash as it is from client advance payments held at the bank which are not company-owned but held in trust for clients. The restrictions prevent us from using these funds for operations, and we cannot predict when such restrictions will be lifted.
Risks associated with cash deposited at the Silkroad International Bank
As of December 31, 2025, we have $7,109,472 in cash deposited with the Silkroad International Bank.
The Central Bank of Djibouti (BCD) regulates the banking sector and has implemented measures to strengthen the financial system, such as increasing capital requirements and improving liquidity ratios. However, there is no specific mention of a formal deposit insurance system that protects depositors in case of bank failures. Therefore we do not believe there is any insurance for the cash deposited with the Silkroad International Bank.
1
Silkroad International Bank has indicated that (1) The Central Bank of Djibouti (BCD) faces periodic shortages of foreign currency reserves, which may restrict our ability to convert local Djiboutian francs (DJF) into USD or other foreign currencies, repatriate funds to international subsidiaries or partners, and settle cross-border transactions in a timely manner, which could disrupt cash flow, delay vendor payments, and hinder operational flexibility; and (2) Djibouti maintains stringent foreign exchange regulations, including:
| ● | Approval Requirements: Large transfers or conversions may require BCD authorization, causing delays. | |
| ● | Prioritization of Essential Imports: The BCD may prioritize sectors like food and energy, limiting access to forex for non-essential businesses (e.g., consulting services). | |
| ● | Unclear Transfer Limits: Bank of Djibouti staff have indicated unspecified caps on outward transfers, increasing uncertainty. |
These restrictions will result in significant negative impact to our ability to operate and execute our business plan.
The global economy and the financial markets may negatively affect our business and clients, as well as the supply of and demand for works of art.
Our business is affected by global, national and local economic conditions since the services we provide are discretionary and we depend, to a significant extent, upon a number of factors relating to discretionary consumer spending in Hong Kong, mainland China and around the world. These factors include economic conditions and perceptions of such conditions by Traders, employment rates, the level of Traders’ disposable income, business conditions, interest rates, availability of credit and levels of taxation in regional and local markets. There can be no assurance that our services will not be adversely affected by changes in general economic conditions in Hong Kong, mainland China and globally.
The art market is influenced over time by the overall strength and stability of the global economy and the financial markets, although this correlation may not be immediately evident. In addition, political conditions and world events may affect our business through their effect on the economies, as well as on the willingness of potential buyers and sellers to invest and sell art in the wake of economic uncertainty.
A decline in trading volumes will decrease our trading revenues.
Trading volumes are directly affected by economic, political and market conditions, broad trends in business and finance, unforeseen market closures or other disruptions in trading, the level and volatility of interest rates, inflation, changes in price levels of artworks and the overall level of investor confidence. In recent years, trading volumes across our markets have fluctuated depending on market conditions and other factors beyond our control. Because a significant percentage of our revenues are tied directly to the trading volumes on our markets, a general decline in trading volumes would lower revenues and may adversely affect our operating results. Declines in trading volumes have also impacted our market share or pricing structures and adversely affected our business and financial condition.
Our NFT platform may not be successful and may expose us to legal, regulatory, and other risks. Given the nascent and evolving nature of cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and our NFT platform, we may unable to accurately anticipate or adequately address such risks or the potential impact of such risks. The occurrence of any such risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and prospects.
In July 2021, the Company focused on a new direction with three initiatives to develop blockchain and NFT related businesses, including consultancy service, NFT marketplace and blockchain-based online games. NFTs are digital assets recorded on a blockchain ledger for verification of authenticity and ownership of a unique digital asset, such as artwork. Given the increased scrutiny of digital assets as well as cryptocurrencies for regulatory and anti-money laundering purposes, it is possible that the United States and other jurisdictions will engage in increased scrutiny and regulation of NFTs and our business. While NFTs and cryptocurrencies are similar in that both are based on blockchain technology, unlike cryptocurrency units, which are fungible, NFTs have unique identification codes and represent content on the blockchain. The record of ownership of the NFT, which establishes authenticity and may also carry other rights, cannot be duplicated. As NFTs are a relatively new and emerging type of digital asset, the regulatory, commercial, and legal framework governing NFTs (as well as cryptocurrencies) is likely to evolve both in the United States and internationally and implicates issues regarding a range of matters, including, but not limited to, intellectual property rights, privacy and cybersecurity, fraud, anti-money laundering, sanctions, and currency, commodity, and securities law implications.
For example, NFTs raise various intellectual property law considerations, including adequacy and scope of assignment, licensing, transfer, copyright, and other right of use issues. The creator of an NFT will often have all rights to the content of the NFT and can determine what rights to assign to a buyer, such as the right to display, modify, or copy the content. To the extent we are directly or indirectly involved in a dispute between creators and buyers on our NFT trading platform, it could materially and adversely affect the success of our NFT platform and harm our business and reputation. NFTs, and our NFT platform, may also be an attractive target for cybersecurity attacks. For example, a perpetrator could seek to obtain the private key associated with a digital wallet holding an NFT to access and sell the NFT without valid authorization, and the owner of the NFT may have limited recourse due to the nature of blockchain transactions and of cybercrimes generally. NFT marketplaces, including our NFT platform, may also be vulnerable to attacks where an unauthorized party acquires the necessary credentials to access user accounts. The safeguards we have implemented or may implement in the future to protect against cybersecurity threats may be insufficient. If our NFT platform were to experience any cyberattacks, it could negatively impact our reputation and market acceptance of our platform.
2
NFTs, and our NFT platform, may also be subject to regulations of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) of the U.S. Department of Treasury and the Bank Secrecy Act. Further, the Office of Foreign Assets Controls (“OFAC”) has signaled sanctions could apply to digital transactions and has pursued enforcement actions involving cryptocurrencies and digital asset accounts. The nature of many NFT transactions also involve circumstances which present higher risks for potential violations, such as anonymity, subjective valuation, use of intermediaries, lack of transparency, and decentralization associated with blockchain technology. In addition, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has stated that cryptocurrencies, with which NFTs have some similarities, fall within the definition of “commodities.” If NFTs were deemed to be a commodity, NFT transactions could be subject to prohibitions on deceptive and manipulative trading or restrictions on manner of trading (e.g., on a registered derivatives exchange), depending on how the transaction is conducted. Moreover, if NFTs were deemed to be a “security,” it could raise federal and state securities law implications, including exemption or registration requirements for marketplaces for NFT transactions, sellers of NFTs, and the NFT transactions themselves, as well as liability issues, such as insider trading or material omissions or misstatements, among others. NFT transactions may also be subject to laws governing virtual currency or money transmission. For example, New York has legislation regarding the operation of virtual currency businesses. NFT transactions also raise issues regarding compliance with laws of foreign jurisdictions, many of which present complex compliance issues and may conflict with one another. Our launch and operation of our NFT platform expose us to the foregoing risks, among others, any of which could materially and adversely affect the success of our NFT platform and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and prospects.
As the market for NFTs is relatively nascent, it is difficult to predict how the legal and regulatory framework around NFTs will develop and how such developments will impact our business and our NFT platform. Further, market acceptance of NFTs is uncertain as buyers may be unfamiliar or uncomfortable with digital assets generally, how to transact in digital assets, or how to assess the value of NFTs. The launch of our NFT platform also subjects us to risks similar to those associated with any new platform offering, including, but not limited to, our ability to accurately anticipate market demand and acceptance, our ability to successfully launch our new NFT platform offering, creator and buyer acceptance, technical issues with the operation of our new NFT platform, and legal and regulatory risks as discussed above. We believe these risks may be heightened with respect to our NFT platform, as NFTs are still considered a relatively novel concept. If we fail to accurately anticipate or manage the risks associated with our NFT platform or with our facilitation of cryptocurrency transactions, or if we directly or indirectly become subject to disputes, liability, or other legal or regulatory issues in connection with our NFT platform or cryptocurrency transactions, our NFT platform may not be successful and our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and prospects could be materially harmed.
Our facilitation of transaction in digital works on our NFT platform exposes us to risks under U.S. and foreign tax laws.
Although under U.S. federal tax laws, cryptocurrencies are currently considered property versus currency, we are obligated to report transactions involving cryptocurrencies in U.S. dollars and must determine their fair market value on each transaction date. The U.S. federal taxing authorities have issued limited guidance on cryptocurrency transactions. The current guidance treats the use of cryptocurrency to purchase a NFT as a taxable disposition of the cryptocurrency, which subjects the holder to taxable gain that such holder must report for federal and state tax purposes. Similarly, a seller of a NFT is subject to tax on the sale of the NFT. Congress is currently proposing legislation that could require us to report such transactions to the IRS. Our failure to accurately record or report the cryptocurrency and NFT sales transacted through our NFT platform, or held by us, would expose us to adverse tax consequences, penalties, and interest. Moreover, the IRS, in connection with audits of cryptocurrency exchanges, has successfully sued to obtain account holder transaction and tax information. The applicability of tax laws in the United States and foreign jurisdictions with respect to cryptocurrency and NFTs will continue to evolve. This uncertainty increases the risk of non-compliance with tax laws, which in turn could result in adverse tax consequences, penalties, investigations or audits, litigation, account holder lawsuits, or the need to revise or restate our financial statements and associated consequences therewith, among other things. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and prospects.
3
System limitations or failures could harm our business.
Our businesses depend on the integrity and performance of the technology, computer and communications systems supporting them. If our systems cannot expand to cope with increased demand or otherwise fail to perform, we could experience unanticipated disruptions in service, slower response times and delays in the introduction of new services. These consequences could result financial losses and decreased customer service and satisfaction. If trading volumes increase unexpectedly or other unanticipated events occur, we may need to expand and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. We do not know whether we will be able to accurately project the rate, timing or cost of any increases, or expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate any increases in a timely manner.
We have insufficient insurance coverage.
We presently do not have any insurance to cover certain events such as physical damage to our office premises and resulting business interruption, certain injuries occurring on our property and liability for breach of legal responsibilities as we believe, based on our organization, business model and the remote possibility of the incurrence of substantial damages from such events, that the costs of such insurance greatly exceeds the benefits of having it. However, in the possible event of a significant loss from such an event, this may severely impact our performance or continue as a going concern.
The success of our business depends on our ability to market and advertise the services we provide effectively.
Our ability to establish effective marketing campaigns is the key to our success. Our advertisements promote our corporate image and our services. If we are unable to increase awareness of our brand, the benefits of using our trading platform to invest in artwork and that such investment is secure, we may not be able to attract new Traders. Our marketing activities may not be successful in promoting our services or in retaining and increasing our Trader base. We cannot assure you that our marketing programs will be adequate to support our future growth, which may result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our success is dependent on the receptiveness of traders of artwork to our platform.
We believe the demand for artwork listings will be generated by our Traders. We hope to educate our Traders on the merits of using our platform to invest in artwork. Not only in the subject artwork secure and insured, it requires less capital for our Traders to invest as they need only invest in artwork units and not purchase the entire piece of artwork. We hope that they will see their investment as less risky as they are presented with the opportunity to diversify their investments through various pieces of artwork. Our success would accordingly depend on the receptiveness of Traders to the merits of investments on our platform.
If we are unable to renew the lease of our property, our operations may be adversely affected.
We do not directly own the land over the property we lease. We may lose our leases or may not be able to renew it when it is due on terms that are reasonable or favorable to us. This may have adverse impact on our operations, including disrupting our operations or increasing our cost of operations.
The failure to manage growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our employee efficiency, working capital levels, and results of operations.
Any significant growth in the market for our services or our entry into new markets may require an expansion of our employee base for managerial, operational, financial, and other purposes. As of the date of this annual report, we have 8 full-time employees. During any growth, we may face problems related to our operational and financial systems and controls. We would also need to continue to expand, train and manage our employee base. Continued future growth will impose significant added responsibilities upon the members of management to identify, recruit, maintain, integrate, and motivate new employees.
4
Aside from increased difficulties in the management of human resources, we may also encounter working capital issues, as we will need increased liquidity to finance the purchase of supplies, development of new services, and the hiring of additional employees. For effective growth management, we will be required to continue improving our operations, management, and financial systems and controls. Our failure to manage growth effectively may lead to operational and financial inefficiencies that will have a negative effect on our profitability. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to timely and effectively meet that demand and maintain the quality standards required by our existing and potential customers.
If we need additional capital to fund our growing operations, we may not be able to obtain sufficient capital and may be forced to limit the scope of our operations.
If adequate additional financing is not available on reasonable terms, we may not be able to undertake our expansion plan and we would have to modify our business plans accordingly. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available to us.
In connection with our growth strategies, we may experience increased capital needs and accordingly, we may not have sufficient capital to fund our future operations without additional capital investments. Our capital needs will depend on numerous factors, including (i) our profitability; (ii) the competitive services by our competitors; (iii) the level of our investment in research and development; and (iv) the amount of our capital expenditures, including acquisitions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain capital in the future to meet our needs.
If we cannot obtain additional funding, we may be required to: (i) limit our future investments in research and development; (ii) limit our marketing efforts; and (iii) decrease or eliminate capital expenditures. Such reductions could materially adversely affect our business and our ability to compete.
Even if we do find a source of additional capital, we may not be able to negotiate terms and conditions for receiving the additional capital that are acceptable to us. Any future capital investments could dilute or otherwise materially and adversely affect the holdings or rights of our existing shareholders. In addition, new equity or convertible debt securities issued by us to obtain financing could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our ordinary shares. We cannot give you any assurance that any additional financing will be available to us, or if available, will be on terms favorable to us.
We are dependent on certain key personnel and loss of these key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success is, to a certain extent, attributable to the management and operational and technical expertise of certain key personnel. In addition, we will require an increasing number of experienced and competent executives and other members of senior management to implement our growth plans. If we lose the services of any member of our senior management, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new personnel, which could severely disrupt our business and prospects.
We are dependent on a trained workforce and any inability to retain or effectively recruit such employees, particularly distribution personnel and regional retail managers for our business, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We must attract, recruit and retain a sizeable workforce of qualified and trained staff to operate our business. Our ability to implement effectively our business strategy and expand our operations will depend upon, among other factors, the successful recruitment and retention of highly skilled and experienced technical and marketing personnel. There is significant competition for qualified personnel in our business and we may not be successful in recruiting or retaining sufficient qualified personnel consistent with our current and future operational needs.
5
Our financial results may fluctuate because of many factors and, as a result, investors should not rely on our historical financial data as indicative of future results.
Fluctuations in operating results or the failure of operating results to meet the expectations of public market analysts and investors may negatively impact the market price of our securities. Operating results may fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors that could affect revenues or expenses in any particular quarter. Fluctuations in operating results could cause the value of our securities to decline. Investors should not rely on comparisons of results of operations as an indication of future performance. As result of the factors listed below, it is possible that in future periods results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. This could cause the market price of our securities to decline. Factors that may affect our quarterly results include:
| ● | vulnerability of our business to a general economic downturn in Hong Kong and mainland China; |
| ● | fluctuation and unpredictability of the prices of the products we sell; |
| ● | changes in the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and mainland China that affect our operations; and |
| ● | our ability to obtain necessary government certifications and/or licenses to conduct our business. |
If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, investor confidence in us and the market price of our equities could decline significantly if we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective.
We are consistently enhancing our internal controls over financial reporting by making the following changes: (i) we established a desired level of corporate governance with regard to identifying and measuring the risk of material misstatement, (ii) we set up a key monitoring mechanism including independent directors and audit committee to oversee and monitor our risk management, business strategies and financial reporting procedure, (iii) we have a Chief Financial Officer with SEC and US GAAP expertise and (iv) we have strengthened our financial team by employing more qualified accountant(s) to enhance the quality of our financial reporting function. We conducted out an evaluation using the framework set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission with the participation of our management, including Yanying Wang, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Jianguang Qian, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, we do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Accordingly, if in spite of such changes and improvements, our internal controls are still ineffective in our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP, this could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and could also impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and make related regulatory filings on a timely basis. This, in turn, could result in a material adverse impact on us and undermine investor confidence in us and the market price of our equities could decline significantly.
6
Security breaches and attacks against our systems and network, and any potentially resulting breach or failure to otherwise protect confidential and proprietary information, could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business, as well as materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Although we have employed significant resources to develop our security measures against breaches, our cybersecurity measures may not detect or prevent all attempts to compromise our systems, including distributed denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted by our systems or that we otherwise maintain. Breaches of our cybersecurity measures could result in unauthorized access to our systems, misappropriation of information or data, deletion or modification of client information, or a denial-of-service or other interruption to our business operations. As techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers, we may be unable to anticipate, or implement adequate measures to protect against, these attacks.
If we are unable to avert these attacks and security breaches, we could be subject to significant legal and financial liability, our reputation would be harmed and we could sustain substantial revenue loss from lost sales and customer dissatisfaction. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks may target us, our Traders or other participants, the communication infrastructure, or the e-platform on which we depend. Actual or anticipated attacks and risks may cause us to incur significantly higher costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and network protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Cybersecurity breaches would not only harm our reputation and business, but also could materially decrease our revenue and net income.
Future inflation may inhibit our ability to conduct business profitably.
Recently, the US economy has experienced high rates of inflation. High inflation may in the future cause US governments to impose controls on credit and/or prices, or to take other action, which could inhibit economic activity in US, and thereby harm the market for our services.
The Company’s requirements could exceed the amount of time or level of experience that our officer and directors may have.
Our success largely depends on the continuing services of our chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors, Yanying Wang, our chief financial officer, Jianguang Qian, and our directors, Guisuo Lu, Doug Buerger and Shuo Li. Our continued success, also, depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. We believe that Wang, Qian, Lu, Buerger and Li possess valuable business development and marketing knowledge, experience and leadership abilities that would be difficult in the short term to replicate. The loss of their services could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition as our potential future revenues.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and hire officers or directors with similar experience to operate our business, in the event that any one of them is otherwise unsuccessful in doing so.
Because our funds are held in banks which may not be covered by sufficient insurance, the failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds could affect our ability to continue our business.
The Central Bank of Djibouti (BCD) regulates the banking sector and has implemented measures to strengthen the financial system, such as increasing capital requirements and improving liquidity ratios. However, there is no specific mention of a formal deposit insurance system that protects depositors in case of bank failures.
As a result, in the event of a bank failure, we may not have access to funds on deposit. Depending upon the amount of money we maintain in a bank that fails, our inability to have access to our cash could impair our operations, and, if we are not able to access funds to pay our employees and other creditors, we may be unable to continue in business.
7
Our annual effective income tax rate can change significantly as a result of a combination of changes in our U.S. and foreign earnings and other factors, including changes in tax laws or changes made by regulatory authorities.
Our consolidated effective income tax rate is equal to our total income tax expense (benefit) as a percentage of total book income (loss) before tax. However, income tax expense and benefits are recognized on a jurisdictional or legal entity basis instead of worldwide or consolidated level basis. Losses in one jurisdiction may not be used to offset profits in other jurisdictions and may cause an increase in our tax rate. Changes in statutory income tax rates and laws, as well as initiation of tax audits by local and foreign authorities, could impact the amount of income tax liability and income taxes we are required to pay. In addition, any fluctuation in the earnings (or losses) of the jurisdictions and assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes could have a significant effect on our consolidated effective income tax rate. Furthermore, our effective tax rate could increase if we are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income in certain jurisdictions, or if we are otherwise required to increase our valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets.
We are subject to taxation in multiple jurisdictions. As a result, any adverse development in the tax laws of any of these jurisdictions or any disagreement with our tax positions could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to taxation in, and to the tax laws and regulations of, multiple jurisdictions particularly in the Cayman Island, United States, and Hong Kong SAR. In addition, tax authorities in any applicable jurisdiction, including the United States, may disagree with the positions we have taken or intend to take regarding the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions. In the event any applicable tax authorities effectively sustained their positions which are different from our tax treatment of any of our transactions, it could have a significant adverse impact on our business, consolidated results of our operations as well as consolidated financial condition.
The growth of aging receivables and a deterioration in the collectability of these accounts could adversely affect our results of operations.
We provide for bad debts principally based upon the aging of accounts receivable, in addition to collectability of specific customer accounts, our history of bad debts, and the general condition of the industry. During December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $nil and $nil, respectively, in provision for doubtful accounts.
While the management exercised its caution in the entry into agreements with authorized agents, who in turn select Traders and the Company reviewed the Traders, certain Traders could pay arrears the monthly fee and owe debts to the Company for a long period. In the event the Company has to write off the amount of uncollectible receivables of the authorized agent subscription fee and commission fee from the selected Traders, and if such write-off is material, it may have adverse impact on our financial results.
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RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN HONG KONG
Our operations are conducted by our subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the United States. Accordingly, the laws and regulations of the PRC do not currently have any material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. However, if certain PRC laws and regulations were to become applicable to a company such as us in the future, the application of such laws and regulations may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, any of which may cause the value of our ordinary shares, to significantly decline or become worthless.
The Hong Kong legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to you and us.
As one of the conditions for the handover of the sovereignty of Hong Kong to China, China had to accept some conditions such as Hong Kong’s Basic Law before its return. The Basic Law ensured Hong Kong will retain its own currency (the Hong Kong Dollar), legal system, parliamentary system and people’s rights and freedom for fifty years from 1997. This agreement had given Hong Kong the freedom to function in a high degree of autonomy. The Special Administrative Region (“SAR”) of Hong Kong is responsible for its own domestic affairs including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. Hong Kong continues using the English common law system.
Some international observers and human rights organizations have expressed doubts about the future of the relative political freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong, and about the PRC’s pledge to allow a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong. They considered, for example, that the proposals in Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 (which was withdrawn due to mass opposition) might have undermined autonomy. On June 10, 2014, Beijing released a new report asserting its authority over the territory. This ignited criticism from many people in Hong Kong, who said that the Communist leadership was reneging on its pledges to abide by the “one country, two systems” policy that allows for a democratic, autonomous Hong Kong under Beijing’s rule.
If the PRC were to, in fact, renege on its agreement to allow Hong Kong to function autonomously, this could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operation. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.
It will be difficult to acquire jurisdiction and enforce liabilities against our officers, directors and assets based in Hong Kong.
Substantially all of our assets will be located in Hong Kong and United States, and our officers and our present directors reside outside of the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for United States investors to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon our directors or officers or to enforce judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties of our directors and officers under Federal securities laws.
We may have difficulty establishing adequate management, legal and financial controls in Hong Kong, which could impair our planning processes and make it difficult to provide accurate reports of our operating results.
Although we will be required to implement internal controls, we may have difficulty in hiring and retaining a sufficient number of qualified employees to work in Hong Kong in these areas. As a result of these factors, we may experience difficulty in establishing the required controls, making it difficult for management to forecast its needs and to present the results of our operations accurately at all times. If we are unable to establish the required controls, market makers may be reluctant to make a market in our stock and investors may be reluctant to purchase our stock, which would make it difficult for you to sell any ordinary shares that you may own or acquire.
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Although we and our subsidiaries are not based in mainland China and we have no operations in mainland China, the PRC government may intervene or influence our current and future operations in Hong Kong at any time, or may exert more control over overseas offerings and listings and/or foreign investment in issuers like ourselves. It may result in a material adverse change in our Hong Kong subsidiaries’ operations, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless, which would materially affect the interests of the investors.
We and our subsidiaries are not based in mainland China and do not have operations in mainland China. We currently do not have or intend to set up any subsidiary in mainland China, or do not foresee the need to enter into any contractual arrangements with a VIE to establish a VIE structure in mainland China. Pursuant to the Basic Law, which is a national law of the PRC and the constitutional document for Hong Kong, national laws of the PRC shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law and applied locally by promulgation or local legislation. The Basic Law expressly provides that the national laws of the PRC which may be listed in Annex III of the Basic Law shall be confined to those relating to defense and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the autonomy of Hong Kong. The basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong as a special administrative region of the PRC are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”.
However, in light of the PRC government’s recent expansion of authority in Hong Kong, we may be subject to uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government or authorities in Hong Kong, and it is possible that all the legal and operational risks associated with being based in and having operations in the PRC may also apply to operations in Hong Kong in the future. There is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong. The PRC government may intervene or influence our current and future operations in Hong Kong at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers like ourselves. Such governmental actions, if and when they occur: (i) could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue our operations; (ii) could significantly limit or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our ordinary shares to investors; and (iii) may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or become worthless.
There remain some uncertainties as to whether we will be required to obtain approvals from Chinese authorities to list on the U.S. exchanges and offer securities in the future, and if required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such approval.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rules”), adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.
We are also aware that, recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Strictly and Lawfully Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC and other PRC authorities promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022. In addition, the Cybersecurity Law, which was adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on November 7, 2016 and came into force on June 1, 2017, and the Cybersecurity Review Measures, or the “Review Measures”, provide that personal information and important data collected and generated by a critical information infrastructure operator in the course of its operations in mainland China must be stored in mainland China, and if a critical information infrastructure operator purchases internet products and services that affect or may affect national security, it should be subject to national security review by the CAC together with competent departments of the State Council. In addition, for critical information infrastructure operators, or the “CIIOs”, that purchase network-related products and services, the CIIOs shall declare any network-related product or service that affects or may affect national security to the Office of Cybersecurity Review of the CAC for cybersecurity review. Due to the lack of further interpretations, the exact scope of what constitutes a “CIIO” remains unclear. Further, the PRC government authorities may have wide discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these laws. In addition, the Review Measures stipulates that any online platform operators holding more than one million users/users’ individual information shall be subject to cybersecurity review before listing abroad. As of the date of this annual, neither we nor our subsidiaries received any notice from any authorities identifying us or our subsidiaries as a CIIO or requiring us or our subsidiaries to undertake a cybersecurity review by the CAC. Further, as of the date of this annual report, neither we nor our subsidiaries have been subject to any penalties, fines, suspensions, investigations from any competent authorities for violation of the regulations or policies that have been issued by the CAC.
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On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Data Security Law which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law requires that data shall not be collected by theft or other illegal means, and it also provides for a data classification and hierarchical protection system. The data classification and hierarchical protection system protects data according to its importance in economic and social development, and the damages it may cause to national security, public interests, or the legitimate rights and interests of individuals and organizations if the data is falsified, damaged, disclosed, illegally obtained or illegally used, which protection system is expected to be built by the state for data security in the near future. On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Regulations on the Data Security Administration Draft, or the “Data Security Regulations Draft”, to solicit public opinion and comments. Under the Data Security Regulations Draft, an overseas initial public offering to be conducted by a data processor processing the personal information of more than one million individuals shall apply for a cybersecurity review. Data processor means an individual or organization that independently makes decisions on the purpose and manner of processing in data processing activities, and data processing activities refers to activities such as the collection, retention, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, or deletion of data. Our Hong Kong subsidiary, Metaverse HK may collect and store certain data (including certain personal information) from our clients who may be PRC individuals. We do not currently expect the Review Measures to have an impact on our business, operations or this offering as we do not believe that Metaverse HK is deemed to be a “CIIO” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, that are required to file for cybersecurity review for overseas listing, because (i) Metaverse HK is incorporated and operating in Hong Kong without any subsidiary or VIE structure in mainland China and the Review Measures remains unclear whether it shall be applied to a Hong Kong company; (ii) as of the date of this annual report, Metaverse HK did not collect or store any personal information of individual clients of mainland China; and (iii) as of the date of this annual report, Metaverse HK has not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that it file for a cybersecurity review. Based on laws and regulations currently in effect in the PRC as of the date of this annual report, we believe our Hong Kong subsidiaries are not required to pass the cybersecurity review of the CAC in order to list our ordinary shares in the U.S.
In addition, on February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the “Trial Measures,” and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, shall complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the requirements of the Trial Measures within three working days following its submission of initial public offerings or listing application. If a domestic company fails to complete required filing procedures or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines. According to the Notice on the Administrative Arrangements for the Filing of the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies from the CSRC, or “the CSRC Notice,” the domestic companies that have already been listed overseas before the effective date of the Trial Measures (namely, March 31, 2023) shall be deemed as existing issuers (the “Existing Issuers”). Existing Issuers are not required to complete the filing procedures immediately, and they shall be required to file with the CSRC for any subsequent offerings. Based on laws and regulations currently in effect in the PRC as of the date of this annual report, we believe our Hong Kong subsidiaries are not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CSRC in order to list our ordinary shares in the U.S.
Since these rules, statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may cause significant disruption to our business operations, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, and cause our ordinary shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
As of the date of this annual report, on the basis that we currently do not have any business operations in mainland China, we believe are not required to obtain approvals from the PRC authorities to operate our business or list on the U.S. exchanges and offer or continue to offer securities; specifically, we are currently not required to obtain any permission or approval from the CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC governmental authority to operate our business or to list our securities on a U.S. securities exchange or issue securities to foreign investors. However, if we and our Hong Kong subsidiaries (i) do not receive or maintain such approval, should the approval be required in the future by the PRC government, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such approval is not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such approval in the future, our operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected, and our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors could be significantly limited or completely hindered and the securities currently being offered may substantially decline in value and become worthless.
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Although the audit report included in this annual report is prepared by U.S. auditors who are currently not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”), there is no guarantee that future audit reports will be prepared by auditors inspected by the PCAOB and, as such, in the future investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Furthermore, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as NYSE American, may determine to delist our securities. Furthermore, on December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to AHFCAA, which reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.
As an auditor of companies that are registered with the SEC and publicly traded in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, our auditor is required under the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess their compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards.
Our auditor, Assentsure PAC, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditor’s compliance with the applicable professional standards. Inspections of other auditors conducted by the PCAOB outside mainland China and Hong Kong have at times identified deficiencies in those auditors’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in mainland China and Hong Kong prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures. As a result, if there is any component of our auditor’s work papers become located in mainland China and Hong Kong in the future, such work papers will not be subject to inspection by the PCAOB. As a result, investors would be deprived of such PCAOB inspections, which could result in limitations or restrictions to our access of the U.S. capital markets.
As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular mainland China’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress which, if passed, would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate the audit work performed by a foreign public accounting firm completely. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (“EQUITABLE”) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges such as NYSE American of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years. It is unclear if this proposed legislation will be enacted. Furthermore, there have been recent deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”), which includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S. authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction. The U.S. House of Representatives passed the HFCA Act on December 2, 2020, and the HFCA Act was signed into law on December 18, 2020. Additionally, in July 2020, the U.S. President’s Working Group on Financial Markets issued recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch, the SEC, the PCAOB or other federal agencies and department with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the United States. In response, on November 23, 2020, the SEC issued guidance highlighting certain risks (and their implications to U.S. investors) associated with investments in China-based issuers and summarizing enhanced disclosures the SEC recommends China-based issuers make regarding such risks. On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year (as defined in the interim final rules) under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Under the HFCA Act, our securities may be prohibited from trading on NYSE American or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our ordinary shares being delisted.
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Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“AHFCAA”), which, if enacted, would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three and would reduce the time before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the AHFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the AHFCAA, whether the Board is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On November 5, 2021, the SEC approved the PCAOB’s Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the HFCA Act. On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the PRC, and (2) Hong Kong. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to AHFCAA, which reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two. Our auditor is registered with the PCAOB and is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditor’s compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor, Assentsure PAC, is headquartered in Singapore. Therefore, our auditor is subject to the Determination announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the future, if there is any regulatory change or steps taken by the PRC regulators that do not permit Assentsure PAC to provide audit documentation located in China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB expands the scope of the Determination so that we are subject to the HFCA Act, as the same may be amended, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection which could result in limitation or restriction to our access to the U.S. capital markets and trading of our securities, including trading on the national exchange and trading on “over-the-counter” markets, may be prohibited under the HFCA Act. However, in the event the PRC authorities would further strengthen regulations over auditing work of Chinese companies listed on the U.S. stock exchanges, which would prohibit our current auditor to perform work in China, then we would need to change our auditor and the audit workpapers prepared by our new auditor may not be inspected by the PCAOB without the approval of the PRC authorities, in which case the PCAOB may not be able to fully evaluate the audit or the auditors’ quality control procedures. Furthermore, due to the recent developments in connection with the implementation of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, we cannot assure you whether the SEC, Nasdaq or other regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control. Our auditor, Assentsure PAC, is headquartered in Singapore, not mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in this report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination. Therefore, our auditor is not currently subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, and it is currently subject to the PCAOB inspections.
While our auditor is based outside mainland China and Hong Kong, and is registered with the PCAOB and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, in the event it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, then such lack of inspection could cause trading in the our securities to be prohibited under the HFCA Act, and ultimately result in a determination by a securities exchange to delist our securities. In addition, the recent developments would add uncertainties to the listing and trading of our ordinary shares and we cannot assure you whether NYSE American or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. It remains unclear what the SEC’s implementation process related to the above rules will entail or what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or NYSE American will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, the above amendments and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense and management time.
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On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) Agreements with the CSRC and China’s Ministry of Finance. The SOP Agreement, together with two protocol agreements (collectively, “SOP Agreements”), governs inspections and investigations of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, taking the first step toward opening access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the Protocol disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have independent discretion to select any issuer audits for inspection or investigation and has the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB Board will consider the need to issue a new determination. Delisting of our ordinary shares would force holders of our ordinary shares to sell their ordinary shares. The market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of these executive or legislative actions upon, as well as negative investor sentiment towards, companies with significant operations in China that are listed in the United States, regardless of whether these executive or legislative actions are implemented and regardless of our actual operating performance.
The enactment of Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Hong Kong National Security Law”) could impact our Hong Kong subsidiaries.
On June 30, 2020, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress adopted the Hong Kong National Security Law. This law defines the duties and government bodies of the Hong Kong National Security Law for safeguarding national security and four categories of offences — secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security — and their corresponding penalties. On July 14, 2020, the former U.S. President Donald Trump signed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act (the “HKAA”), into law, authorizing the U.S. administration to impose blocking sanctions against individuals and entities who are determined to have materially contributed to the erosion of Hong Kong’s autonomy. On August 7, 2020 the U.S. government imposed HKAA-authorized sanctions on eleven individuals, including HKSAR chief executive Carrie Lam. On October 14, 2020, the U.S. State Department submitted to relevant committees of Congress the report required under HKAA, identifying persons materially contributing to “the failure of the Government of China to meet its obligations under the Joint Declaration or the Basic Law.” The HKAA further authorizes secondary sanctions, including the imposition of blocking sanctions, against foreign financial institutions that knowingly conduct a significant transaction with foreign persons sanctioned under this authority. The imposition of sanctions may directly affect the foreign financial institutions as well as any third parties or customers dealing with any foreign financial institution that is targeted. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the Hong Kong National Security Law and HKAA on Hong Kong and companies located in Hong Kong. If our Hong Kong subsidiary is determined to be in violation of the Hong Kong National Security Law or the HKAA by competent authorities, our business operations, financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The PRC government may intervene or influence our operations at any time or may exert more control over overseas offerings and listings and foreign investment in China-based issuers, which may result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our ordinary shares. Additionally, the governmental and regulatory interference could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
There are political risks associated with conducting business in Hong Kong.
We operate our business through subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the United States. Accordingly, our business operations and financial condition will be affected by the political and legal developments in Hong Kong. During the period covered by the financial information included in this annual report, we derive part of our revenue from operations in Hong Kong. Any adverse economic, social and/or political conditions, material social unrest, strike, riot, civil disturbance or disobedience, as well as significant natural disasters, may adversely affect our business operations. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law, namely, Hong Kong’s constitutional document, which provides Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”. However, there is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong in the future. Since a part of our operations is based in Hong Kong, any change of such political arrangements may pose an immediate threat to the stability of the economy in Hong Kong, thereby directly and adversely affecting our results of operations and financial position.
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If the PRC attempts to alter its agreement to allow Hong Kong to function autonomously, this could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.
The Hong Kong protests that began in 2019 are ongoing protests in Hong Kong (the “Hong Kong Protests”) triggered by the introduction of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill by the Hong Kong government. If enacted, the bill would have allowed the extradition of criminal fugitives who are wanted in territories with which Hong Kong does not currently have extradition agreements, including mainland China. This led to concerns that the bill would subject Hong Kong residents and visitors to the jurisdiction and legal system of mainland China, thereby undermining the region’s autonomy and people’s civil liberties. Various sectors of the Hong Kong economy have been adversely affected as the protests turned increasingly violent. Most notably, the airline, retail, and real estate sectors have seen their sales decline.
Under the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs and external relations, while the government of the PRC is responsible for its foreign affairs and defense. As a separate customs territory, Hong Kong maintains and develops relations with foreign states and regions. Based on certain recent developments including the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued by the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress in June 2020, the U.S. State Department has indicated that the United States no longer considers Hong Kong to have significant autonomy from China and President Trump signed an executive order and the HKAA to remove Hong Kong’s preferential trade status and to authorize the U.S. administration to impose blocking sanctions against individuals and entities who are determined to have materially contributed to the erosion of Hong Kong’s autonomy. These and other recent actions may represent an escalation in political and trade tensions involving the U.S., China and Hong Kong, which could potentially harm our business.
Our revenue is susceptible to the ongoing incidents or factors which affect the stability of the social, economic and political conditions in Hong Kong. Any drastic events may adversely affect our business operations. Such adverse events may include changes in economic conditions and regulatory environment, social and/or political conditions, civil disturbance or disobedience, as well as significant natural disasters. Given the relatively small geographical size of Hong Kong, any of such incidents may have a widespread effect on our business operations, which could in turn adversely and materially affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the HKAA on Hong Kong and companies with operations in Hong Kong like us. Furthermore, legislative or administrative actions in respect of China-U.S. relations could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected.
We may be affected by the currency peg system in Hong Kong.
Since 1983, Hong Kong dollars have been pegged to the U.S. dollars at the rate of approximately HK$7.80 to US$1.00. We cannot assure you that this policy will not be changed in the future. If the pegging system collapses and Hong Kong dollars suffer devaluation, the Hong Kong dollar cost of our expenditures denominated in foreign currency may increase. This would in turn adversely affect the operations and profitability of our business.
We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company incorporated in Cayman Island, and we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.
Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us. Any limitation on the ability of our Hong Kong subsidiary to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
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RISKS RELATING TO INVESTMENT IN OUR SECURITIES
An active public market for our ordinary shares may not develop or be sustained, which would adversely affect the ability of our investors to sell their securities in the public market.
We cannot predict the extent to which an active public market for our ordinary shares will develop or be sustained.
Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares, as the future sale of a substantial amount of outstanding stock in the public marketplace could reduce the price of our ordinary shares.
Holders of a significant number of our shares and/or their designees may be eligible to sell our ordinary shares by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144, promulgated under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), subject to certain limitations. In general, pursuant to Rule 144, a non-affiliate shareholder (or shareholders whose shares are aggregated) who has satisfied a six-month holding period, and provided that there is current public information available, may sell all of its securities. Rule 144 also permits the sale of securities, without any limitations, by a non-affiliate that has satisfied a one-year holding period. Any substantial sale of ordinary shares pursuant to any resale prospectus or Rule 144 may have an adverse effect on the market price of our ordinary shares by creating an excessive supply.
If we fail to maintain effective internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation could be materially and adversely affected.
We are a public company and our internal controls are essential to the integrity of our business and financial results. Our public reporting obligations place a strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems. Although we have implemented measures to enhance our internal controls, and plan to take steps to further improve our internal controls, if we encounter difficulties in improving our internal controls and management information systems, we may incur additional costs and management time in meeting our improvement goals. We cannot assure you that the measures taken to improve our internal controls will be effective. If we fail to maintain effective internal controls in the future, our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation may be materially and adversely affected.
Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure will result in additional expenses.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including SOX and related SEC regulations, have created uncertainty for public companies and significantly increased the costs and risks associated with accessing the public markets and public reporting. Our management team will need to invest significant management time and financial resources to comply with both existing and evolving standards for public companies, which will lead to increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue generating activities to compliance activities.
We do not foresee paying cash dividends in the near future.
We do not plan to declare or pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future and currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth. As a result, investors should not rely on an investment in our securities if they require the investment to produce dividend income.
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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
We were incorporated in Delaware under the name Cardigant Medical Inc. on April 17, 2009. Our initial business plan was focused on the development of novel biologic and peptide-based compounds and enhanced methods for local delivery of treatments for vascular diseases including peripheral artery disease and ischemic stroke.
Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of July 31, 2014, Yong Li, an individual purchased a total of 22,185,230 (pre- Reverse Stock Split) restricted shares of common stock of the Company from a group of three former shareholders of the Company. In consideration for the shares, Mr. Li paid the sellers $399,344 in cash which came from his own capital. The sellers were Jerett A. Creed, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, director and formerly a controlling shareholder of the Company, the Creed Family Limited Partnership and Ralph Sinibaldi. The shares represented approximately 95% of the Company’s then issued and outstanding common stock. The sale was consummated on August 28, 2014. As a result of the transaction, there was a change in control of the Company.
On August 27, 2014, we entered into a Contribution Agreement with Cardigant Neurovascular. Pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, we assigned all our assets, properties, rights, title and interest used or held for use by our business, (except for certain excluded assets set forth therein) which was the treatment of atherosclerosis and plaque stabilization in both the coronary and peripheral vasculature using systemic and local delivery of large molecule therapeutics and peptide mimetics based on high density lipoprotein targets (“Cardigant Business”). In consideration for such contribution of capital, Cardigant Neurovascular agreed to assume all our liabilities raising from the Cardigant Business prior to the date of the Contribution Agreement and thereafter with regard to certain contributed contacts. We granted Cardigant Neurovascular an exclusive option for a period of 6 months to purchase the excluded assets for $1. Cardigant Neurovascular exercised this option October 20, 2014 and the excluded assets were assigned to Cardigant Neurovascular on October 20, 2014.
Also on October 20, 2014, we acquired the business of Hong Kong Takung through the acquisition of all the share capital of Hong Kong Takung under a Share Exchange Agreement dated September 23, 2014 in exchange for 209,976,000 (pre-Reverse Stock Split) newly-issued restricted shares of our common stock to the shareholders of Hong Kong Takung.
Hong Kong Takung is a limited liability company incorporated on September 17, 2012 under the laws of Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China. Although Hong Kong Takung was incorporated in late 2012, it did not commence business operations until late 2013.
As a result of the transfer of the excluded assets pursuant to the Contribution Agreement and the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding shares of Hong Kong Takung, we ceased the Cardigant Business and assumed Hong Kong Takung’s business operations.
On November 5, 2014, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of Delaware to change our name from “Cardigant Medical Inc.” to “Takung Art Co., Ltd.”
On July 28, 2015, Hong Kong Takung incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary, Takung (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Takung”), in Shanghai Free-Trade Zone (SFTZ) in Shanghai, China, with a registered capital of $1 million. Shanghai Takung assists in Hong Kong Takung’s operations by receiving deposits from and making payments to online artwork Traders in mainland China on behalf of Hong Kong Takung. On January 27, 2016, Hong Kong Takung incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary, Takung Cultural Development (Tianjin) Co., Ltd (“Tianjin Takung”) in the Tianjin Free Trade Zone (TJFTZ) in Tianjin, China with a registered capital of $1 million. Tianjin Takung provides technology development services to Hong Kong Takung and Shanghai Takung, and also carries out marketing and promotion activities in mainland China. On May 8, 2020, Shanghai Takung was deregistered and its operations were merged with Tianjin Takung in order to save administrative costs. During 2021, Hong Kong Takung lost its control over the operation of Tianjin Takung and the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Tianjin Takung was deconsolidated.
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On August 10, 2015, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-25 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Upon filing of the Certificate of Amendment, every twenty-five shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock were automatically converted into one issued and outstanding share of common stock, without any change in par value per share. No fractional shares will be issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Shareholders who would otherwise be entitled to receive a fractional share will be entitled to rounding up their fractional shares to the nearest whole number.
Hong Kong Takung Art Holdings Company Limited (“Takung Art Holdings”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on July 20, 2018 and operates as a holding company to operate an e-commerce platform for offering, selling and trading whole pieces of artwork instead of units of artwork. Takung Art Holdings was deregistered on April 29, 2020 due to deregistration of Art Era Internet Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
Art Era Internet Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd (“Art Era”), formed in Tianjin on September 7, 2018, is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Takung Art Holdings, and formed as a limited liability company with a registered capital of $2 million located in the Pilot Free Trade Zone in Tianjin. Art Era mainly focuses on developing our e-commerce platform for art. Art Era was deregistered on June 18, 2019 due to Company’s plan to put off the e-commerce platform development.
Hong Kong MQ Group Limited (“Hong Kong MQ”) was formed in Hong Kong on November 27, 2018 and currently has no operations. On June 19, 2019, as a result of a private transaction, one (1) share of common stock of Hong Kong MQ was transferred from Ms. Hiu Ngai Ma to the Company. The net asset of Hong Kong MQ was $nil as of the acquisition date. The consideration paid for the ownership transfer, which represent 100% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Hong Kong MQ, was $0.13 (HK$1). Hong Kong MQ became a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
MQ (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd (“Tianjin MQ”) was incorporated in Tianjin, PRC on July 9, 2019 and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hong Kong MQ. It was established as a limited liability company with a registered capital of $100,000 located in the Pilot Free Trade Zone in Tianjin. Tianjin MQ was expected to focus on exploring business opportunities. As a result of the Company’s effort in streamlining its operations, Tianjin MQ was deregistered on August 10, 2020.
Takung Digital was incorporated in Albany, New York on December 13, 2021 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Takung. This entity primarily provides administrative and technical supports for the development of NFT projects.
Takung Exchange was incorporated in Wyoming under the name “Takung Exchange Limited” on January 7, 2022 and is a wholly owned by Takung. On March 31, 2022, the registered name was changed to “Takung Exchange Limited”. This entity facilitates the business and operation of the new Takung Exchange market.
Metaverse HK was formed in Hong Kong on January 27, 2022, and is wholly owned by Takung Exchange. This entity is engaged in digital payment service.
On November 1, 2022, Takung Art Co., Ltd. (the “Company”), Hong Kong Takung Art Company Limited (“Hong Kong Takung”) and Hong Kong MQ Group Limited (“Hong Kong MQ”, together with Hong Kong Takung, the “Targets”), the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, and Fecundity Capital Investment Co., Ltd. (the “Purchaser”), entered into a certain share purchase agreement (the “Disposition SPA”). Pursuant to the Disposition SPA, the Purchaser agreed to purchase the Targets in exchange for cash consideration of $1,500,000 (the “Purchase Price”). Upon the closing of the transaction (the “Disposition”) contemplated by the Disposition SPA, the Purchaser will become the sole shareholder of the Targets and as a result, assume all assets and liabilities of all the subsidiaries and VIE entities owned or controlled by the Targets. The closing of the Disposition is subject to certain closing conditions including the payment of the Purchase Price, the receipt of a fairness opinion from Access Partner Consultancy & Appraisals and the approval of the Company’s shareholders. On July 1st, 2023 it was closed after satisfying all closing conditions including receiving $1,500,000 from the Purchase by Exchange Digital Limited.
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On November 1, 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), as amended and restated on December 15, 2022 and September 5, 2023 with NFT Limited (“NFT”), a Cayman Islands exempt company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, among other things, the Company merged with and into NFT, with NFT continuing as the surviving entity (the “Redomicile”). The Redomicile was approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 25, 2023 and became effective on September 18, 2023 (the “Effective Time”).
From and after the Effective Time, each share of the Company’s stock, either common stock or preferred stock issued and outstanding prior to the Effective Time (excluding certain excluding shares and dissenting shares, if any) were automatically converted into Class A Ordinary Shares of NFT on pro rata basis. Each share of NFT stock held immediately prior to the Effective Time by the Company was automatically cancelled and no payment was made with respect thereto. Takung Art Co Ltd. ceased to exist on August 22, 2023 as evidenced by the State of Delaware Certificate of Merger for a domestic corporation merging into a foreign corporation.
On March 18, 2024, at the Company’s annual general meeting of shareholders (the “2024 AGM”), the shareholders of the Company approved the reverse share split of all of the Company’s ordinary shares at an exchange ratio of one-for-fifty (1:50), such that every 50 Class A ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.0001 per share in the authorized share capital of the Company (including issued and unissued share capital) be consolidated into 1 Class A ordinary share of a par value of US$0.005 per share; and that every 50 Class B ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.0001 per share in the authorized share capital of the Company (including issued and unissued share capital) be consolidated into 1 Class B ordinary share of a par value of US$0.005 per share (the “Share Consolidation” or “Reverse Stock Split”). At the 2024 AGM, the shareholders also approved an increase to the authorized share capital and number of authorized shares of the Company immediately after the Share Consolidation from US$50,000 divided into 9,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.005 each and 1,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.005 each to US$500,000 divided into 90,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.005 each and 10,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.005 each (the “Authorized Share Increase”).
The Company’s shareholders approved a series of share capital-related proposals at the extraordinary general meeting held on April 17, 2026, including the share capital reduction and reorganization, the adoption of amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, and the increase in authorized share capital. The Company has effected the implementation of all such approved proposals in accordance with applicable Cayman Islands law and the terms of the resolutions, including the reduction of par value, subdivision and cancellation of shares, and the increase in authorized share capital, and has adopted the corresponding amended and restated memorandum and articles of association reflecting such changes. As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital is currently US$5,000,000 divided into 9,000,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and 1,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, each with a par value of US$0.0005 per share. The only remaining item not yet effected is the share consolidation, for which the shareholders authorized the board of directors to determine the specific consolidation ratio (within the approved range) and the effective date, and which has not yet been implemented as of the date of this annual report.
Corporate Structure
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure, which includes all of our subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report:
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B. Business Overview
Overview of Our Company
NFT Limited (the “Company”) is a holding company incorporated in Cayman Islands. Through our subsidiaries, we currently operate an electronic online platform located at https://www.nftoeo.com/ for artists, art dealers and art investors to offer and trade in ownership over valuable artwork in the form of non-fungible token or NFT. In addition, we also provide NFT consulting with respect to the strategic utilization of blockchain technology and NFT launch. Given our goal to create multiple potential revenue streams and continue to diverse the business model, we are also exploring NFT gaming business including sales of in-game characters NFTs and sales of membership packs.
The Company offers online listing and trading services that allow artists/art dealers/owners to access a much bigger art trading market where they can engage with a wide range of investors that they might not encounter without our platform. Our platform also invests in high-end and expensive artwork more accessible to ordinary people without substantial financial resources.
The Company, through its operating subsidiaries, generate revenue from services in connection with the offering and trading of artwork on its system, primarily consisting of trading commissions on the listing and trading of NFTs on our platform.
Takung Digital Technology Limited (“Takung Digital”) was incorporated in Albany, New York on December 13, 2021 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NFT Limited. This entity primarily provides administrative and technical supports for the development of NFT projects.
Takung Exchange Limited (“Takung Exchange”) was incorporated in Wyoming under the name “NFT Exchange Limited” on January 7, 2022 and is wholly owned by NFT Limited. On March 31, 2022, the registered name was changed to “Takung Exchange Limited. This entity facilitates the business and operation of the new Takung Exchange market.
Metaverse Digital Payment Co., Limited (“Metaverse HK”) was formed in Hong Kong on January 27, 2022, and is wholly owned by Takung Exchange. This entity is engaged in digital payment service.
On November 1, 2022, the Company, Hong Kong Takung and Hong Kong MQ (together with Hong Kong Takung, the “Targets”), and Fecundity Capital Investment Co., Ltd. (the “Purchaser”), entered into a certain share purchase agreement (the “Disposition SPA”). Pursuant to the Disposition SPA, the Purchaser agreed to purchase the Targets in exchange for cash consideration of $1,500,000 (the “Purchase Price”) (the “Disposition”). The closing of the Disposition is subject to certain closing conditions including the payment of the Purchase Price, the receipt of a fairness opinion from Access Partner Consultancy & Appraisals and the approval of the Company’s shareholders. It was closed on June 30, 2023 after subject to conditions of receiving full payment from the Purchaser by Takung Digital Exchange.
Our principal executive office is located at Office Q, 11th Floor, Kings Wing Plaza 2, No. 1, Kwan Street, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Cash Transfers and Dividend Distribution
Metaverse HK is permitted under the laws of Hong Kong to provide funding to Takung Exchange, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in Wyoming, through dividend distribution without restrictions on the amount of the funds. We and our subsidiaries currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments.
Metaverse HK is the only subsidiary in Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”. The laws and regulations of the PRC do not currently have any material impact on transfer of cash from Metaverse HK to Takung Exchange or from Metaverse HK to the Company and the investors in the U.S.
According to the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong, a Hong Kong company may only make a distribution out of profits available for distribution or other distributable reserves. Dividends cannot be paid out from share capital.
There are no restrictions or limitation under the laws of Hong Kong imposed on the conversion of HKD into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of Hong Kong.
Recent Regulatory Developments
We and our subsidiaries are not based in mainland China and do not have operations in mainland China. We currently do not have or intend to set up any subsidiary in mainland China, or do not foresee the need to enter into any contractual arrangements with a VIE to establish a VIE structure in mainland China. Pursuant to the Basic Law, which is a national law of the PRC and the constitutional document for Hong Kong, national laws of the PRC shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law and applied locally by promulgation or local legislation. The Basic Law expressly provides that the national laws of the PRC which may be listed in Annex III of the Basic Law shall be confined to those relating to defense and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the autonomy of Hong Kong. The basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong as a special administrative region of the PRC are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”.
However, in light of the PRC government’s recent expansion of authority in Hong Kong, we may be subject to uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government or authorities in Hong Kong, and it is possible that all the legal and operational risks associated with being based in and having operations in the PRC may also apply to operations in Hong Kong in the future. There is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong. The PRC government may intervene or influence our current and future operations in Hong Kong at any time, or may exert more control over overseas offerings and listing and/or foreign investment in issuers like ourselves. Such governmental actions, if and when occur: (i) could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue our operations; (ii) could significantly limit or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our ordinary shares to investors; and (iii) may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or be worthless.
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We are also aware that, recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Strictly and Lawfully Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC and other PRC authorities promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022. In addition, the Cybersecurity Law, which was adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on November 7, 2016 and came into force on June 1, 2017, and the Cybersecurity Review Measures, or the “Review Measures”, provide that personal information and important data collected and generated by a critical information infrastructure operator in the course of its operations in mainland China must be stored in mainland China, and if a critical information infrastructure operator purchases internet products and services that affect or may affect national security, it should be subject to national security review by the CAC together with competent departments of the State Council. In addition, for critical information infrastructure operators, or the “CIIOs”, that purchase network-related products and services, the CIIOs shall declare any network-related product or service that affects or may affect national security to the Office of Cybersecurity Review of the CAC for cybersecurity review. Due to the lack of further interpretations, the exact scope of what constitutes a “CIIO” remains unclear. Further, the PRC government authorities may have wide discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these laws. In addition, the Review Measures stipulates that any online platform operators holding more than one million users/users’ individual information shall be subject to cybersecurity review before listing abroad. As of the date of this annual, neither we nor our subsidiaries received any notice from any authorities identifying us or our subsidiaries as a CIIO or requiring us or our subsidiaries to undertake a cybersecurity review by the CAC. Further, as of the date of this annual report, neither we nor our subsidiaries have been subject to any penalties, fines, suspensions, investigations from any competent authorities for violation of the regulations or policies that have been issued by the CAC.
On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Data Security Law which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law requires that data shall not be collected by theft or other illegal means, and it also provides for a data classification and hierarchical protection system. The data classification and hierarchical protection system protects data according to its importance in economic and social development, and the damages it may cause to national security, public interests, or the legitimate rights and interests of individuals and organizations if the data is falsified, damaged, disclosed, illegally obtained or illegally used, which protection system is expected to be built by the state for data security in the near future. On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Regulations on the Data Security Administration Draft, or the “Data Security Regulations Draft”, to solicit public opinion and comments. Under the Data Security Regulations Draft, an overseas initial public offering to be conducted by a data processor processing the personal information of more than one million individuals shall apply for a cybersecurity review. Data processor means an individual or organization that independently makes decisions on the purpose and manner of processing in data processing activities, and data processing activities refers to activities such as the collection, retention, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, or deletion of data. Our Hong Kong subsidiary, Metaverse HK may collect and store certain data (including certain personal information) from our clients who may be PRC individuals. We do not currently expect the Review Measures to have an impact on our business, operations or this offering as we do not believe that Metaverse HK is deemed to be a “CIIO” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, that are required to file for cybersecurity review for overseas listing, because (i) Metaverse HK is incorporated and operating in Hong Kong without any subsidiary or VIE structure in mainland China and the Review Measures remains unclear whether it shall be applied to a Hong Kong company; (ii) as of the date of this annual report, Metaverse HK did not collect or store any personal information of individual clients of mainland China; and (iii) as of the date of this annual report, Metaverse HK has not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that it file for a cybersecurity review. Based on laws and regulations currently in effect in the PRC as of the date of this annual report, we believe our Hong Kong subsidiaries are not required to pass the cybersecurity review of the CAC in order to list our ordinary shares in the U.S.
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In addition, on February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the “Trial Measures,” and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, shall complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the requirements of the Trial Measures within three working days following its submission of initial public offerings or listing application. If a domestic company fails to complete required filing procedures or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines. According to the Notice on the Administrative Arrangements for the Filing of the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies from the CSRC, or “the CSRC Notice,” the domestic companies that have already been listed overseas before the effective date of the Trial Measures (namely, March 31, 2023) shall be deemed as existing issuers (the “Existing Issuers”). Existing Issuers are not required to complete the filing procedures immediately, and they shall be required to file with the CSRC for any subsequent offerings. Based on laws and regulations currently in effect in the PRC as of the date of this annual report, we believe our Hong Kong subsidiaries are not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CSRC in order to list our ordinary shares in the U.S.
Business Overview
Our Trading Platform
Our proprietary platform is an all-electronic trading system, consisting of host computers, client-side terminals and an interconnected communication system. Our trading system supports the trading and payment/settlement of artwork ownership units. It is an electronic platform developed by a third-party software development company and customized for us, primarily consisting of a matching system, a transaction monitoring system, an account managing system and a settlement system.
Matching is a core function of our trading platform. Our system concludes transactions by matching all the transactions submitted by the Traders (as defined below). Transaction monitoring system is responsible for monitoring the daily transactions in real-time to ensure fairness and accuracy in our trading platform. The settlement system verifies and reconciles daily statistical data with the banks’ transaction system, and completes the registration and settlement (or payment) of artwork units once the transaction data is verified.
Our website https://www.nftoeo.com/ is an essential part of our trading platform.
The website is important as it is the gateway to our trading platform. It publishes our membership and trading rules, trading information disclosure, and artwork introduction, and provides services to Traders, such as account management. Traders may open, close and manage their accounts with us on our website. Client-end terminal may be downloaded from our website. Through the terminal, Traders may access their account with us and conduct transactions in artwork units, such as purchasing and selling and submitting inquiries. Data transmission between the Traders and our trading system is encrypted to prevent data leaks.
In order to execute a trade, a Trader logs into his online bank account and must first transfer funds from his bank account to his trading account with us. This ensures that he has sufficient funds to consummate a trade.
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Offering and trading of artwork on our platform involves a number of parties, namely, Original Owner, Offering Agent, and Traders.
| ● | An Original Owner is the original owner of the artwork to be offered and traded on our platform. Customarily, the Original Owner is also the artist or creator of the artwork although this is not always the case. The Original Owner must have good and marketable title to the artwork and have the right to dispose of the artwork. |
| ● | An Offering Agent is an entity that is experienced with artwork or artwork investment and has a good reputation. The Offering Agent is engaged by the Original Owner to assist him or her with the offering and trading of artwork, such as preparation of listing application and assigning an investment value, research, organizing promotions and marketing activities, communicating with potential investors, etc. |
| ● | A Trader is anyone who is 18 years or older or any entity that maintains a trading account with us through our electronic trading platform and participates in the trading of artwork units. Once a Trader acquires one or more units of an artwork, the Trader becomes a Co-Owner of that artwork. Presently, only residents of the People’s Republic of China, Australia, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, Russia, Singapore and Taiwan are eligible to become a Trader. |
Additional parties such as insurer, appraisal firm, trader service organizations and custodian for artworks will be retained in connection with the offering and trading of artwork on our system. A trader service organization is an independent legal entity pre-approved by us to provide business consulting services to our Traders.
Our trading system hardware platform is hosted by a rendered service from Amazon web and their server is in Singapore. Our clearing system hardware platform is hosted in Hong Kong and our disaster recovery system is set up in the CITIC Telecom IDC room, located in Hong Kong. The real-time data synchronization ensures the safety of transaction data.
Revenue
We generate revenue from our services in connection with the offering and trading of artwork on our system. Our revenue is mainly generated from trading commissions.
Sales and Marketing
The Company has a professional marketing team. After the platform is launched, it can be promoted online and offline simultaneously, so as to quickly increase its popularity, and use professional marketing solutions to attract more creators and purchasers to join the platform.
We expect that we will generate revenue from the offering and trading of NFT on our system, primarily consisting of membership fee, trading commissions, and advertising fees.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2025, we had 8 full-time employees. As for the 8 employees, 1 is General Manager, 1 is CEO, 1 is CFO, 1 is from administrative department, 1 is from financial department, 1 is from technical department, 1 is from operation department, and 1 is from marketing department.
There are no collective bargaining contracts covering any of our employees. We believe our relationship with our employees is satisfactory.
Regulation
U.S. Regulations
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”) was enacted by the U.S. government which included a wide range of tax reform affecting businesses including the corporate tax rates, international tax provisions, tax credits and deduction with majority of the tax provision effective after December 31, 2017.
The Act establishes a flat corporate income tax rate of 21% which supersedes the current tax rate ranging from 15% through 35% and repeals the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) effective in 2018.
Under the Act, U.S. federal net operating losses (NOLs) carryforwards will be carried forward indefinitely while the two-year NOL carrybacks for NOLs arising in taxable years ending after December 31, 2017 was repealed. Furthermore, the Act imposes an annual limit of 80% on the amount of the taxable income that such NOLs can offset for the NOLs arising in taxable years ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter.
The Act has significantly modified the U.S. international business tax regime, essentially transforming the framework by which U.S. and non-U.S. headquartered businesses are taxed. The significant changes consist of:
| ● | A partial participation exemption system for profits derived by US-based multinationals from foreign subsidiaries, eliminating the friction of a US tax upon repatriation of overseas profits |
| ● | A minimum tax on foreign earnings of US-based multinationals with foreign subsidiaries |
| ● | A base erosion tax on transactions between US and non-US affiliated corporations, in structures involving US and non-US headquartered groups |
| ● | A one-time tax on the estimated US$2-3 trillion of overseas earnings accumulated by US-based multinationals, payable over eight years, and thus allowing those profits to be repatriated without further US tax |
| ● | Several other changes across the US international tax regime addressing the source of income, FTCs, deductibility of payments, and other issues, including ownership and transfers of intangible property (Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income or GILTI). |
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economy Security Act (“the CARES Act”) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act temporarily eliminates the 80% taxable income limitation (as enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017) for net operation loss (“NOL”) deductions for 2018-2020 tax years and reinstated NOL carrybacks for the 2018-2020 tax years. Moreover, the CARES Act also temporarily increases the business interest deduction limitations from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income for the 2019 and 2020 taxable year. Lastly, the Tax Act technical correction classifies qualified improvement property as 15-year recovery period, allowing the bonus depreciation deduction to be claimed for such property retroactively as if it was included in the Tax Act at the time of enactment. The Company does not anticipate a material impact on its financial statements as of December 31, 2020 due to the recent enactment.
Corporate tax rate: The corporate tax rate remains at a flat rate of 21% for 2022 and onwards. There were no changes to the corporate tax rate in recent years.
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Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT): The corporate AMT was repealed in 2018 with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and there have been no recent changes to this policy.
Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credit: The R&D tax credit has been made permanent and was not changed in recent years. However, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Deal of 2021 proposed some changes to the R&D tax credit, such as making it more accessible for small businesses.
In August 2022, Congress passed, and the President signed into law, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 (Public Law No. 117-169), which includes a 15% book minimum tax on corporations with financial accounting profits over 1 billion US dollars (USD) and a 1% excise tax on certain stock buybacks.
Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (BEAT): BEAT was implemented in 2018 and there have been no significant changes in recent years. However, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Deal of 2021 proposed to increase the rate of BEAT to 15%.
In August 2022, Congress passed, and the President signed into law, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 (Public Law No. 117-169), which includes a 15% book minimum tax on corporations with financial accounting profits over 1 billion US dollars (USD) and a 1% excise tax on certain stock buybacks.
Hong Kong Regulations
As a business operating in Hong Kong, we are subject to various regulations and rules promulgated by the Hong Kong government. The following is a brief summary of the Hong Kong laws and regulations that currently materially affect our business. This section does not purport to be a comprehensive summary of all present and proposed regulations and legislation relating to the industries in which we operate.
Securities & Futures
The securities and futures markets in Hong Kong are currently governed by the Securities & Futures Ordinance (“SFO”). The SFO consolidates and authorized the 10 previous ordinances regulating the securities and futures markets. The primary legislation and the subsidiary legislation commenced operation on April 1, 2003. By law, any person carrying on, among others, a business of dealing in securities in Hong Kong, has to be licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”) unless falling within one of the licensing exemptions.
The term “securities” under the SFO is defined as:
| (a) | shares, stocks, debentures, loan stocks, funds, bonds or notes of, or issued by, or which it is reasonably foreseeable will be issued by, a body, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or a government or municipal government authority; |
| (b) | rights, options or interests (whether described as units or otherwise) in, or in respect of, such shares, stocks, debentures, loan stocks, funds, bonds or notes; | |
| (c) | certificates of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificates for, receipts for, or warrants to subscribe for or purchase, such shares, stocks, debentures, loan stocks, funds, bonds or notes; |
| (d) | interests, rights or property, whether in the form of an instrument or otherwise, commonly known as securities; |
| (e) | interests, rights or property, whether in the form of an instrument or otherwise, prescribed by notice under section 392 as being regarded as securities in accordance with the terms of the notice. |
Our business model does not qualify as dealing in securities, as such term is defined in the SFO and as such, we are not required to obtain the requisite license from the SFC.
Supply of Services
We provide a platform to trade in artwork units for which we are compensated by receiving listing fees, management fees and trading commissions. The Hong Kong Supply of Services (Implied Terms) Ordinance (“SSO”), provides that in the absence of provisions in the contract for services, services should be carried out with reasonable care and skill (which generally means the services must meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory) ( section 5 of the SSO), the services should be performed within a reasonable time if the time of performance has not been fixed by the contract (section 6 of the SSO); and a reasonable charge should be paid if the charge has not been fixed by the contract (section 7 of the SSO).
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If service suppliers fail to meet any one of the above conditions, they would be “in breach of contract”. Under these circumstances, consumers are entitled to sue defaulting suppliers for compensation.
Section 8(1) of the SSO provides that as against a party to a contract for the supply of a service who deals as a consumer, the other party (the service supplier) cannot, by reference to any contract term, exclude or restrict any liability of his arising under the contract by virtue of this Ordinance. In other words, we cannot impose a contract term that excludes or restricts our liability on breach of contract.
In addition, the Hong Kong Control of Exemption Clauses Ordinance subject any attempt by us to exclude our liability for financial loss or damage to property during the course of the provision of our services to the test of “reasonableness”. Our exemption clauses are also controlled by the rules of common law. For example, an exemption clause must be incorporated into the contract, and the person who is seeking to rely on the exemption clause must show that reasonable steps have been taken to bring the clause to the attention of the other party.
The Hong Kong Unconscionable Contracts Ordinance only applies to a contract for the sale of goods or supply of services in which one of the contracting parties is dealing as a consumer. If the Court finds out that the contract or any part thereof was unconscionable (unfair/not sensible) in circumstances relating to the contract at the time when it was made, the Court would have the jurisdiction under section 5 of the Unconscionable Contracts Ordinance to refuse to enforce the contract, or to enforce the remainder of the contract without the unconscionable part, or to limit the application of, or to revise or alter, any unconscionable part so as to avoid any unconscionable result.
Fair Trading
The Trade Descriptions (Unfair Trade Practices) (Amendment) Ordinance 2012 (“Amendment Ordinance”) came into effect on July 19, 2013 and amended the Trade Descriptions Ordinance by prohibiting specified unfair trade practices that may be deployed against customers and strengthen the enforcement mechanism. The Customs and Excise Department is the principal enforcement agency under the Trade Descriptions Ordinance. Concurrent jurisdiction is conferred on the Office of the Communications Authority (“HKCA”) to enforce the new fair trading sections. The key amendments include:
| ● | the expansion of the definition of trade descriptions in relation to goods, as well as the extension of the scope to cover services; |
| ● | the creation of new criminal offences on unfair trade practices, namely misleading omissions, aggressive commercial practices, bait advertising, bait-and-switch and wrongly accepting payment; |
| ● | the introduction of a compliance-based mechanism under which civil enforcement options, namely the acceptance of undertaking from Traders and the seeking of injunction from the court where necessary, can be drawn on to promote compliance with the new fair trading sections introduced by the Amendment Ordinance; and |
| ● | the creation of a new private right of action for damages to facilitate consumer redress. |
On July 15, 2013, the Customs and Excise Department and the HKCA published the Enforcement Guidelines for the Amendment Ordinance to state the manner in which they will exercise their enforcement powers and provide guidance on the operation of the new legislative provisions.
Products
Intellectual Property
Our business is dependent on a combination of trademarks, trademark application, trade secrets and industry know-how, and copyright, in order to protect our intellectual property rights. The Company will apply for necessary intellectual property to support further business purpose.
In China, the Trademark Law and the Unfair Competition Law governs our marks. The Hong Kong SAR’s trade mark registration system is separate from the system operating in other parts of China. Trade mark registrations obtained in Chinese Trade Marks Office, or elsewhere in the world, do not automatically get protection in the Hong Kong SAR. Trade marks must be registered in the Hong Kong SAR before they can be protected in the Hong Kong SAR under the Trade Marks Ordinance.
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Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486) of Hong Kong), or the PDPO
The PDPO imposes a statutory duty on data users to comply with the requirements of the six data protection principles (the “Data Protection Principles”) contained in Schedule 1 to the PDPO. The PDPO provides that a data user shall not do an act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes a Data Protection Principle unless the act or practice, as the case may be, is required or permitted under the PDPO. The six Data Protection Principles are:
| ● | Principle 1—purpose and manner of collection of personal data; | |
| ● | Principle 2—accuracy and duration of retention of personal data; | |
| ● | Principle 3—use of personal data; | |
| ● | Principle 4—security of personal data; | |
| ● | Principle 5—information to be generally available; and | |
| ● | Principle 6—access to personal data. |
Non-compliance with a Data Protection Principle may lead to a complaint to the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (the “Privacy Commissioner”). The Privacy Commissioner may serve an enforcement notice to direct the data user to remedy the contravention and/ or instigate prosecution actions. A data user who contravenes an enforcement notice commits an offense which may lead to a fine and imprisonment.
The PDPO also gives data subjects certain rights, inter alia:
| ● | the right to be informed by a data user whether the data user holds personal data of which the individual is the data subject; | |
| ● | if the if the data user holds such data, to be supplied with a copy of such data; and | |
| ● | the right to request correction of any data they consider to be inaccurate. |
The PDPO criminalizes, including but not limited to, the misuse or inappropriate use of personal data in direct marketing activities, non-compliance with a data access request and the unauthorized disclosure of the right to request correction of any data they consider to be inaccurate.
Employment
Some of our employees are employed in Hong Kong and we are subject to the Hong Kong Employment Ordinance (“EO”). The EO is the main employment legislation in Hong Kong. It guarantees certain minimum benefits, including:
| ● | Paid annual leave. | |
| ● | Paid sick leave. | |
| ● | Paid maternity leave. |
Subject to limited exceptions, the EO applies to all employees working in Hong Kong, regardless of their nationality. Observing the terms of the EO is generally considered to be mandatory, although it is not specifically expressed to be an overriding statute.
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Other mandatory laws that are likely to apply to the employment relationship with our employees include:
| ● | Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (PDPO). This ordinance regulates an employer’s collection or surveillance, use and disclosure of an employee’s personal data (including personal data contained in e-mails and phone calls). |
| ● | Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance (MPFSO). Subject to very limited exceptions, this ordinance requires employers in Hong Kong to enroll employees in a Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) Scheme (that is, a retirement scheme), to which the employer and employee must make certain contributions. Foreign nationals are exempt if they are posted in Hong Kong to work for a period not exceeding 13 months or belong to a retirement scheme outside of Hong Kong. In certain cases, a Hong Kong national working outside of Hong Kong may still be subject to this ordinance if the employment has sufficient connection with Hong Kong. | |
| ● | Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance (OSHO). This ordinance imposes a duty on all employers, as far as is reasonably practical, to ensure the safety and health in the workplace of its employees. The OSHO covers most industrial and non-industrial workplaces in Hong Kong. | |
| ● | Employees’ Compensation Ordinance (ECO). If an employee suffers injury arising out of and in the course of employment in Hong Kong (or overseas, if the travel is authorized by the employer), the employer is usually liable to compensate the employee under the ECO. Eligible family members of an employee killed in an accident at work can also be entitled to compensation. If an employer carries on business in Hong Kong, its employees are protected under the ordinance. (An employee can work outside Hong Kong but his employment contract must have been entered into in Hong Kong.) All employers must maintain valid employees’ compensation insurance policies to cover their liabilities under the ordinance and at common law. |
| ● | Companies Ordinance. Protects employees of a Hong Kong company (including a Hong Kong subsidiary of a foreign company) in relation to wages and other entitlements if the company is wound up. The employees become preferential creditors in the winding-up. | |
| ● | Sex Discrimination Ordinance (SDO), Disability Discrimination Ordinance (DDO), Family Status Discrimination Ordinance (FSDO) and Race Discrimination Ordinance (RDO). All legislate against various forms of discrimination. | |
| ● | Basic Law and the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance. These safeguard certain rights of individuals, although they have limited application in the context of employment law. | |
| ● | Labour Tribunal Ordinance. This ordinance empowers the Labour Tribunal to hear and resolve disputes relating to employment contracts as well as alleged breaches of the EO. It potentially covers disputes involving foreign nationals or Hong Kong residents working abroad. |
| ● | Prevention of Bribery Ordinance (POBO). The POBO applies to employees, particularly to those who receive or solicit bribes from third parties (for example, an employee who receives bribes from a supplier of goods in return for placing orders with that supplier). In some cases, employees may also be subject to anti-corruption legislation in other jurisdictions. |
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Approvals, Licenses and Certificates
We require a number of approvals, licenses and certificates in order to operate our business. Our principal approvals, licenses and certificates are set forth below.
Takung Digital
| ● | Certificate of Incorporation filed the NYS Department of State on December 13, 2021. | |
| ● | Certificate of Name Change dated March 26, 2024. |
Takung Exchange
| ● | Certificate of Incorporation dated January 7, 2022. | |
| ● | Certificate of Name Change dated March 31, 2022. |
Metaverse HK
| ● | Certificate of Incorporation (No. 3124997) issued by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Registrar of Companies on January 27, 2022. |
Competition
Traditionally art galleries and auction houses provide a platform for owners of artworks to sell their collections. However, their trading model is substantially different from ours. We believe we do not have any direct competition due to our unique business model of trading artwork ownership units instead of the artworks. We are not aware of any other companies engaging in a similar business.
Research and Development
Currently, we do not have any research and development activity. We are still connecting third parties to explore research and development projects that will help us expand our business.
C. Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure, which includes all of our subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report:
D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Not applicable
ITEM 4.A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of United States of America securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or anticipate and similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as will, should, would, could or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Such statements are based upon certain assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate.
These statements include, without limitation, statements about our anticipated expenditures, including those related to general and administrative expenses; the potential size of the market for our services, future development and/or expansion of our services in our markets, our ability to generate revenues, our ability to obtain regulatory clearance and expectations as to our future financial performance. Our actual results will likely differ, perhaps materially, from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including: our need and ability to raise additional cash. The forward-looking statements included in this report are subject to a number of additional material risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the risks described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our financial statements and the related notes to those statements included in this filing. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion may contain forward-looking statements reflecting our current plans, estimates, beliefs and expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many important factors, particularly those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”, our actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We, through our wholly owned subsidiary, Metaverse HK, operate an electronic online platform located at https://www.nftoeo.com/for artists, art dealers and art investors to offer and trade valuable artwork. We offer online listing and trading services that allow artists, art dealers and owners to access a much bigger art trading market where they can engage with a wide range of investors that they might not encounter without our platform. Our platform also makes investment in high-end and expensive artwork more accessible to ordinary people without substantial financial resources.
We generate revenue from our services in connection with the offering and trading of artwork on our system, primarily consisting of trading commissions on NFT projects.
The Company’s NFT business outlook can be described in several aspects below.
NFT Market Insights
The NFT market continues evolving beyond speculative trading, with growing emphasis on utility-driven applications—notably in gaming (play-to-earn 3.0 models), tokenized real-world assets (RWAs), and AI-generated dynamic NFTs. Ethereum remains dominant but faces scaling competition from Solana and Layer 2 solutions like Arbitrum, which now host 35% of new NFT projects. Regulatory scrutiny is intensifying, particularly the SEC’s focus on NFT fractionalization as potential securities. Meanwhile, blue-chip collections (e.g., Bored Ape Yacht Club) have stabilized at 60% below 2022 peaks, while niche sectors like music royalties and decentralized physical infrastructure (DePIN) NFTs are gaining traction. Brands are shifting from one-off drops to subscription-based NFT memberships, with Starbucks Odyssey and Nike’s. Swoosh leading adoption. Liquidity remains a challenge, with overall trading volumes down 40% YoY despite rising institutional participation.
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New business types
| A. | Providing consulting services such as artwork valuation/appreciation potential |
Avoiding poor offline communication and incomplete information, tapping into the needs of users and providing comprehensive consulting services on topics such as labor cost, artist influence, artistic value of works, and channels for obtaining works, which not only serves customers but also creates value for the company.
| B. | NFT trading service |
The Company is building a fully functional NFT trading platform, which has been in operation and generating revenue since June 2022. The platform is designed to include the categories of digital works such as artwork, music videos, collectibles, game props, sports, metaverse, virtual world, social tokens, and meet the needs of various users as much as possible. It is able to realize the whole business process of user registration-certification-work uploading-work casting-work trading. In the transaction process, the Company extracts a portion of the processing fee (including token minting, first sale, and second sale) to create value.
New Strategic Direction
The Company is committed to creating an original digital platform that integrates games, artworks, domain names, insurance, collectibles, virtual assets, real assets, identity and other fields, and changes the market status of traditional industries through its own efforts. Strategic goals: basic platform building-targeted population entry-providing services (consulting services, transaction services, advertising services)-optimizing the platform and expanding the scope of services-full service.
Competitor analysis
Opensea is an NFT market exchange. It has more than 20,000 users. Compared with projects in the popular decentralized finance (“DeFi”) field, it is second only to Uniswap, kyber and Compound, and higher than maker, 0x, etc. As a trading platform with a relatively high status in the NFT field, OpenSea has a complete range of collections, equivalent to Taobao in the NFT world. At present, the trading market of OpenSea has nearly 40,000 users, and the monthly transaction volume exceeds 5 million US dollars. Coinbase’s new NFT platform hits 1.4 million signups.
The Coinbase platform has an active population of 50,000 users. The service rates for each service are as follows: 1. Rarible’s minting fees are borne by the creators themselves, and the royalties are also set by the creators themselves, with default amounts of 10%, 20% and 30%. 2. VIV3’s NFT minting costs and profits come from the 12.5% service fee it collects on the first and second sales. 3. OpenSea does not need gas fee to mint NFT. 4. Rarible charges a 2.5% service fee on the first sale. On the SuperRare platform, a 15% commission is charged on the first sale and a 3% fee (paid by the buyer) is charged on the second sale.
Our headquarters are located in Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China and we conduct our business primarily in the United States and Hong Kong through a global online platform. Our principal executive offices are located at Office Q, 11th Floor, Kings Wing Plaza 2, No. 1, Kwan Street, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
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Competitive Advantages
The advantages of the Company in the NFT transaction and blockchain market are as follows:
Innate industry advantages
In recent years, digital artworks of NFT technology based on blockchain technology are becoming popular assets. The NFT online platform the Company built can effectively solve the current situation such as unclear ownership of property, difficulty in distinguishing authenticity and low efficiency of artwork circulation. Convert business development from offline to online operation, so that the value of digital works can be freely circulated online.
Advantages of the core management team
The core team members of the Company have experience in blockchain technology development and NFT trading platform operation, which can ensure a smoother development and business operation in the later stage.
NFT’s platform advantages
The currently developed and launched NFT online trading platform supports multi-category product uploads, including: Digital art, Digital oil painting, Produced by Gallery, Personal products, Artist signature, Oil on canvas, Print, Paper ink, Device, Comprehensive media, Derivative, and It will be continuously enriched and improved according to customer interests. The NFT trading platform has stable performance, high security and easy to maintain. At the front end of the system, the Company will continuously improve the operability and user experience of the system focusing on improving the user experience.
Technical advantages
The Company’s digital works exchange platform that has been launched is built by a professional technical team. Each technician has rich industry experience, can work under a short development cycle or high pressure, and has a number of relevant industry benchmarking projects experience. The capability of the technical team ensures the strong technical support in the later system optimization and iterative update.
Marketing advantages
The Company has a professional marketing team. After the platform goes online, it can be promoted online and offline simultaneously, so as to quickly increase the popularity of the platform, and use professional marketing solutions to attract more creators and demanders to join in the platform.
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Results of Operations
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of operations data:
| For the year ended December 31 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2025 vs 2024 | 2024 vs 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commission | $ | 725,781 | $ | 740,701 | 2,153,515 | $ | (14,920 | ) | $ | (1,412,814 | ) | |||||||||
| Revenue | 725,781 | 740,701 | 2,153,515 | (14,920 | ) | (1,412,814 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | (192,048 | ) | (192,048 | ) | (556,590 | ) | - | 364,542 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 533,733 | 548,653 | 1,596,925 | (14,920 | ) | (1,048,272 | ) | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses - Continuing operations | (1,608,529 | ) | (1,454,919 | ) | (2,473,600 | ) | (153,610 | ) | 1,018,681 | |||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses - Discontinued operations | - | - | (21,946 | ) | - | 21,946 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses - Continuing operations | (1,608,529 | ) | (1,454,919 | ) | (2,473,600 | ) | (153,610 | ) | 1,018,681 | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses - Discontinued operations | - | - | (21,946 | ) | - | 21,946 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (1,074,796 | ) | (906,266 | ) | (876,675 | ) | (168,530 | ) | (29,591 | ) | ||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries - Discontinued operations | - | - | 6,930,504 | - | (6,930,504 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income/(expense) - Continued operations | (271,876 | ) | 6,867,033 | (733,372 | ) | (7,138,909 | ) | 7,600,405 | ||||||||||||
| Total other income/(expense) - Discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Profit/(Loss) before income taxes | (1,346,672 | ) | 5,960,767 | (1,610,047 | ) | (7,307,439 | ) | 7,570,814 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax credit/(expense) - Continuing operations | (15,598 | ) | 335,748 | (94,947 | ) | (351,346 | ) | 430,695 | ||||||||||||
| Net profit/(loss) from continuing operations | (1,362,270 | ) | 6,296,515 | (1,704,994 | ) | (7,658,785 | ) | 8,001,509 | ||||||||||||
| Net profit/(loss) from discontinued operations | - | - | 6,908,558 | - | (6,908,558 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net profit/(loss) | $ | (1,362,270 | ) | $ | 6,296,515 | $ | 5,203,564 | $ | (7,658,785 | ) | $ | 1,092,951 | ||||||||
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Revenue by category
Revenue from trade commission for our continuing operations were $725,781, $740,701and $2,153,515 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Revenue by customer type
Revenue from Non-VIP traders for our continuing operations were $725,781, $740,701and $2,153,515 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
| (i) | Commission fee revenue |
For non-VIP Traders, the commission revenue was calculated based on a percentage of transaction value of artworks, which we charge trading commissions for the purchase and sale of the ownership shares of the artworks. The commission is typically 5% of the total amount of each transaction. The commission is accounted for as revenue and immediately deducted from the proceeds from the sales of artwork units when a transaction is completed.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue primarily includes internet service charges, were $192,048, $192,048 and $556,590 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Cost of revenue – continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $192,048, $192,048 and $556,590, respectively.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for our continuing operations was $533,733, $548,653 and $1,596,925 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Operating Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the continuing operations were $1,608,529, $1,454,919 and $2,473,600 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
General and administrative expenses from the discontinued operations were $nil, $nil and $21,946 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In the meantime, the Company disposed its subsidiaries and recognized a gain on disposal of subsidiaries of $6,930,504 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
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The following table sets forth the main components of our operating expenses of our continuing operations and for discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount($) | % of Total | Amount($) | % of Total | Amount($) | % of Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Salary and welfare | 552,037 | 34.3 | % | 758,150 | 52.1 | % | 1,349,098 | 54.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Office, insurance and rental expenses | 29,971 | 1.9 | % | 35,694 | 2.5 | % | 10,323 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Legal and professional fees | 870,521 | 54.1 | % | 505,075 | 34.7 | % | 655,280 | 26.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consultancy fee | 156,000 | 9.7 | % | 156,000 | 10.7 | % | 224,305 | 9.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Others | - | 0.0 | % | - | 0.0 | % | 234,594 | 9.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses-continuing operations | 1,608,529 | 100.0 | % | 1,454,919 | 100.0 | % | 2,473,600 | 99.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses-discontinued operations | - | 0.0 | % | - | 0.0 | % | 21,946 | 0.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,608,529 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,454,919 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,495,546 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Other (expense)/income
Other (expense)/income for the continuing operations were $(271,876), $6,867,033 and $(733,372) for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The fluctuation in other (expense)/income was primarily attributable to changes in non-operating items. In 2025, the amount mainly consisted of interest expense related to the note payable. In 2024, the Company recognized a gain from the revaluation of warrant liabilities, resulting in a significant increase. In 2023, the revaluation of warrant liabilities resulted in a loss, leading to a negative balance.
Profit/(Loss) before income taxes
Our continuing operations incurred profit/(loss) before income taxes $(1,346,672), $5,960,767 and $(1,610,047) for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Profit/(Loss) before tax from discontinued operations is $nil, $nil and $6,908,558 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Income tax expense
The Company’s effective tax rate varies due to its multiple jurisdictions in which the pretax book incomes or losses incur. The Company was subject to a U.S. income tax rate of 21%, Hong Kong profits tax rate at 8.25% for the first HK$ 2 million (approximately $257,311) assessable profits and at 16.5% for assessable profits above HK$ 2 million (approximately $257,311) (16.5% prior to January 1, 2018) and PRC enterprise income tax rate at 25%.
The Global Intangible Low-taxed Income (GILTI) is a new provision introduced by the Tax Act. U.S. shareholders, who are domestic corporations, of controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) are eligible for up to an 80% deemed paid foreign tax credit (FTC) and a 50% deduction of the current year inclusion with the full amount of the Section 78 gross-up subject to limitation. This new provision is effective for tax years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has evaluated whether it has additional provision amount resulted by the GILTI inclusion on current earnings and profits of its foreign controlled corporations. The Company has made an accounting policy choice of treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable amount related to GILTI as a current period expense when incurred. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company does not have any aggregated positive tested income; and as such, does not have additional provision amount recorded for GILTI tax.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economy Security (CARES) Act (“the CARES Act, H.R. 748”) was signed into law on 27 March 2020. The CARES Act temporarily eliminates the 80% taxable income limitation (as enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017) for NOL deductions for 2018-2020 tax years and reinstated NOL carrybacks for the 2018-2020 tax years. Moreover, the CARES Act also temporarily increases the business interest deduction limitations from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income for the 2020 taxable year. Lastly, the Tax Act technical correction classifies qualified improvement property as 15-year recovery period, allowing the bonus depreciation deduction to be claimed for such property retroactively as if it was included in the Tax Act at the time of enactment. The company does not anticipate a material impact on its financial statements as of December 31, 2022 due to the recent enactment.
The two-tier profits tax rates system was introduced under the Inland Revenue (Amendment)(No.3) Ordinance 2018 (“the Ordinance”) of Hong Kong became effective for the assessment year 2018/2019. Under the two-tier profit tax rates regime, the profits tax rate for the first HK$ 2 million (approximately $257,868) of assessable profits of a corporation will be subject to the lowered tax rate, 8.25% while the remaining assessable profits will be subject to the legacy tax rate, 16.5%. The Ordinance only allows one entity within a group of “connected entities” is eligible for the two-tier tax rate benefit. An entity is a connected entity of another entity if (1) one of them has control over the other; (2) both of them are under the control (more than 50% of the issued share capital) of the same entity; (3) in the case of the first entity being a natural person carrying on a sole proprietorship business-the other entity is the same person carrying on another sole proprietorship business.
The provision for current income and deferred taxes of Metaverse HK has been calculated by applying the new tax rate of 8.25%.
In accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of the PRC, a company registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. All the PRC subsidiaries that are not entitled to any tax holiday were subject to income tax at a rate of 25% for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The income tax (credit)/expense from the continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $15,598, $(335,748) and $94,947.
Net profit/(loss)
As a result of our operations aforementioned, our net profit/(loss) after income taxes for continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $(1,362,270), $6,296,515 and $(1,704,994), respectively.
Our discontinued operations incurred net profit $nil, $nil and $6,908,558 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Foreign currency translation profit and loss
We had a foreign currency translation loss for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 of $nil, $nil and $9,858, respectively.
Comprehensive income/(loss)
As a result of the above, we posted a comprehensive income/(loss) of $(1,362,270), $6,296,515 and $5,193,706 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of cash flow:
| For the years ended December 31 | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities-continuing operations | $ | (99,302,091 | ) | $ | (1,338,069 | ) | $ | (158,778 | ) | |||
| Net cash used in operating activities- discontinued operations | - | - | (158,173 | ) | ||||||||
| (99,302,091 | ) | (1,338,069 | ) | (316,951 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities- continuing operations | - | - | 265,668 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities- discontinued operations | - | - | 61,376 | |||||||||
| - | - | 327,044 | ||||||||||
| Repayment to a short-term borrowing from a third party | - | - | (1,550,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Proceeds from a private placement | - | 21,904,912 | - | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible note | 20,000,000 | - | - | |||||||||
| Payment for offering costs | (122,500 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities-continuing operations | 19,877,500 | 21,904,912 | (1,550,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities-discontinued operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| 19,877,500 | 21,904,912 | (1,550,000 | ) | |||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents - continuing operations | (79,424,591 | ) | 20,566,843 | (1,443,110 | ) | |||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - discontinued operations | - | - | (96,797 | ) | ||||||||
| (79,424,591 | ) | 20,566,843 | (1,539,907 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance - continuing operations | 86,624,171 | 66,057,328 | 67,500,438 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning balance- discontinued operations | - | - | 96,797 | |||||||||
| 86,624,171 | 66,057,328 | 67,597,235 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, ending balance - continuing operations | $ | 7,199,580 | $ | 86,624,171 | $ | 66,057,328 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, ending balance - discontinued operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| 7,199,580 | 86,624,171 | 66,057,328 | ||||||||||
| Reclassification between continuing operations and discontinued operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash flow reclassification - continuing operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash flow reclassification - discontinued operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, ending balance - continuing operations | $ | 7,199,580 | $ | 86,624,171 | $ | 66,057,328 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, ending balance - discontinued operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| 7,199,580 | 86,624,171 | 66,057,328 | ||||||||||
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Sources of Liquidity
The cash and cash equivalent balance from the continuing operations as of December 31, 2025 was $7,199,580.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used by operating activities from operating activities was $99,302,091 which predominantly related to the net loss from continuing operation $1,362,270, interest expense $269,444, net changes in operating assets and liabilities ($98,209,265), prepayment for software purchase and upgrade increase $98,664,545, accrued expense and other payables increase $404,866, tax payable increase $15,447, advance from customer increases $34,967. The investing cash inflow from the continuing operations totaled $nil. The net financing cashflows from continuing operations was $19,877,500, which was related to the issuance of convertible notes.
The cash and cash equivalent balance from the discontinued operations as of December 31, 2025 was $nil.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations was $nil. Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations was $nil. There was no cash inflow or outflow from financing activities from our discontinued operations in 2025.
The cash and cash equivalent balance from the continuing operations as of December 31, 2024 was $86,624,171.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used by operating activities from operating activities was $1,338,069 which predominantly related to the net profit from continuing operation $6,296,515, bad debt expenses $5,557, gain on change of fair value of warrant liability $6,638,916, net changes in operating assets and liabilities ($1,001,225), other current assets decrease $390,705,loan receivables decrease $800,000, accrued expenses and other payables decrease $2,237,103 and advances from customers increase $45,173. The investing cash inflow from the continuing operations totaled $nil. The net financing cashflows from continuing operations was $21,904,912, which was related to the private placement.
The cash and cash equivalent balance from the discontinued operations as of December 31, 2024 was $nil.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations was $nil. Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations was $nil. There was no cash inflow or outflow from financing activities from our discontinued operations in 2024.
The cash and cash equivalent balance from the continuing operations as of December 31, 2023 was $66,057,328.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities from operating activities was $158,778 which predominantly related to the decrease in operating assets and liabilities, $1,546,216. The investing cash inflow from the continuing operations totaled $265,668. The net financing cashflows from continuing operations was $(1,550,000), repayment of short-term borrowings from a third party of $1,550,000.
The cash and cash equivalent balance from the discontinued operations as of December 31, 2023 was $nil.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations was $158,173. Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations was $61,376. There was no cash inflow or outflow from financing activities from our discontinued operations in 2023.
As of December 31, 2025, total current liabilities from the continuing operations, $6,179,939, which was related to accrued expenses and other payables $1,762,829, advance from customers $4,386,659, tax payable $30,451 of NFT Limited.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s continuing operation had cash and cash equivalents of $2,812,921, restricted cash $4,386,659, a working capital of $99,684,186 and the net assets amounted to $99,684,186.
As of December 31, 2024, total current liabilities from the continuing operations, $5,724,660, which was related to accrued expenses and other payables $1,357,964, advance from customers $4,351,692, tax payable $15,004 of NFT Limited.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s continuing operation had cash and cash equivalents of $86,624,171, a working capital of $80,899,511 and the net assets amounted to $80,899,511.
Total liabilities of the Company’s continuing operations as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $6,179,939 and $5,724,660, respectively. Total liabilities of the Company’s discontinued operations as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $nil and $nil, respectively.
Net assets of the Company’s continuing operations amounted to $99,684,186 and $80,899,511 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Future Financings
We may sell our ordinary shares in order to fund our business growth. Issuances of additional shares will result in dilution to existing shareholders. There is no assurance that we will achieve sales of the equity securities or arrange for debt or other financing to fund our growth in case it is necessary, or if we are able to do so, there is no guarantee that existing shareholders will not be substantially diluted.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to make budgetary and financial statement assumptions. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management’s estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management. The discussion of our critical accounting policies contained in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, is incorporated herein by reference.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The discussion of the recent accounting pronouncements contained in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, is incorporated herein by reference.
Recent Developments
Share Capital Restructuring and Authorization of Future Share Consolidation
The Company’s shareholders approved a series of share capital-related proposals at the extraordinary general meeting held on April 17, 2026, including the share capital reduction and reorganization, the adoption of amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, and the increase in authorized share capital. The Company has effected the implementation of all such approved proposals in accordance with applicable Cayman Islands law and the terms of the resolutions, including the reduction of par value, subdivision and cancellation of shares, and the increase in authorized share capital, and has adopted the corresponding amended and restated memorandum and articles of association reflecting such changes. As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital is currently US$5,000,000 divided into 9,000,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and 1,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, each with a par value of US$0.0005 per share. The only remaining item not yet effected is the share consolidation, for which the shareholders authorized the board of directors to determine the specific consolidation ratio (within the approved range) and the effective date, and which has not yet been implemented as of the date of this annual report.
Registered Direct Offering
On March 10, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors for a registered direct offering, which closed on March 11, 2026. The Company issued an aggregate of 720,779 units, each consisting of one Class A ordinary share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $3.85 per unit, for gross proceeds of approximately $2.77 million and net proceeds of approximately $2.58 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Each warrant has an exercise price of $4.17 per share, is exercisable for five years, and is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments and a beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% (which may be increased to 9.99% upon notice). The warrants also included a limited-time “zero cash exercise” feature, under which holders could elect to receive shares based on a Black-Scholes valuation formula, subject to a floor price, and the Company does not expect to receive material additional cash proceeds from warrant exercises.
The Company agreed to certain customary restrictions, including short-term limitations on additional issuances and variable rate transactions, and its officers, directors and affiliates entered into 120-day lock-up agreements. Maxim Group LLC acted as exclusive placement agent and received a cash fee equal to 6% of the gross proceeds, reimbursement of expenses, and a 12-month right of first refusal and tail fee arrangement in connection with future financings.
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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following are our officers and directors as of the date of this annual report. Most of our officers and other directors reside year-round in either the PRC or Hong Kong and, therefore, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the U.S. upon the latter or to enforce judgments against them obtained from the United States courts.
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our directors and executive officer:
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Yanying Wang | 55 | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman | ||
| Jianguang Qian | 41 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Doug Buerger | 69 | Director | ||
| Guisuo Lu | 63 | Director | ||
| Shuo Li | 45 | Director |
The following is a summary of the biographical information of our directors and officers:
Yanying Wang as the chairman and a director of the Board and the Company’s chief executive officer to fill the vacancy created by Mr. Kuangtao Wang’s resignation. Mr. Yanying Wang has served as the Technical Director of Tian’an Digital Investment (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd since December 2020. Mr. Wang earned his Bachelor’s degree majoring in Computer Science and Technology in 1990 from Hebei University of Technology.
Jianguang Qian is a seasoned financial executive with over 18 years of experience in financial management across various industries. From May 2023 to March 2024, Mr. Qian served as the CFO at Wuxi Libang Kitchenware Co., Ltd., where he was responsible for leading the entire process of the company’s listing on the U.S. stock market. Prior to this, from March 2022 to August 2023, he was the CFO of Shanghai Wufeng Network Technology Co., Ltd., where he led the finance department, implemented key financial strategies, and supported the company’s capital growth and listing plans. Mr. Qian was the former CFO for our Company from January 5, 2022 to July 10, 2023, where he successfully led the company’s financial operations to ensure compliance and support its growth in the U.S. stock market. In October 2020, Mr. Qian took on the role of CFO at Merit-link, a cloud platform dedicated to supporting the supply chain for tools, building materials, and home furnishings through Internet technology. He was responsible for managing the company’s financial operations. From June 2018 to June 2020, he served as the Financial Director of the Shared Accounting Center at Lv Ma Ma, a company listed on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations in China. During this period, he oversaw Lv Ma Ma’s accounting and taxation operations, leading a team of 70 subordinates, supervising the company’s proposed listing in Hong Kong, and managing investor relations. Mr. Qian graduated from the Department of Finance, Lanzhou University of Technology, China, in 2006 and obtained a master’s degree in accounting from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, China, in 2012. He is a certified member of AICPA, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), a CMA American Management Certified Public Accountant, and a Chinese Intermediate Accountant.
Doug Buerger, is a scientific consultant with experience leading teams in all phases of pharmaceutical and medical device lifecycle development including research, development, manufacturing, business development, quality, clinical, and regulatory. Currently, Mr. Buerger works as a pharmaceutical consultant at Shinkei Therapeutics, coordinating contract development and manufacturing and clinical research services pursuing agency approval and commercialization of CNS therapeutics. From 2012 to 2018, he served as a manager for product development at Hercon Pharmaceuticals, LLC, where he was in charge of coordination of development pipeline, foster innovation mentality and problem-solving skills development in scientific staff personnel, developed and maintained annual departmental budgets. Mr. Buerger received his bachelor’s Bachelor of Science (cum laude) from University of Utah in 1981 and completed his Doctor of Philosophy in materials science & engineering at University of Utah in 1987.
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Guisuo Lu, has served as the financial consultant of Shandong Yuntong Commercial Co., Ltd. since March 2020. From October 2013 to March 2020, Mr. Lu served as vice president of Yinsheng Financial Group and Yinsheng Payment Service Co., Ltd. From January 2005 to September 2013, Mr. Lu served in various positions including assistant general manager, deputy general manager and general manager at Terminal Service Center of Unionpay Commercial Co., Ltd., Hebei Branch. Mr. Lu graduated from Hebei Bank School in 1982 and graduated from Hebei Radio and TV University Hengshui Branch in 1988.
Mr. Shuo Li has served as the Vice President of Saibo Holdings Group Co., Ltd since July 2021. Before that, Mr. Li was the regional manager of Beike Holdings Limited from May 2018 to July 2021. Mr. Li earned his Master’s degree in public administrations from China Ocean University in 2010 and his Bachelor’s degree in physics education from Shandong Normal University in 2003.
Term of Office
Our directors hold their positions until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until their successor is elected and qualified by our shareholders, or until their earlier death, retirement, resignation or removal.
Director Qualifications
Directors are responsible for overseeing the Company’s business consistent with their fiduciary duty to the shareholders. This significant responsibility requires highly-skilled individuals with various qualities, attributes and professional experience. Our Board believes that there are general requirements for service on the Board that are applicable to directors and that there are other skills and experience that should be represented on the Board as a whole but not necessarily by each director. The Board considers the qualifications of director and director candidates individually and in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition and the Company’s current and future needs.
Qualifications for All Directors
In its assessment of each potential candidate, including those recommended by the shareholders, the Board will consider the nominee’s judgment, integrity, experience, independence, understanding of the Company’s business or other related industries and such other factors it determines are pertinent in light of the current needs of the Board. The Board also takes into account the ability of a director to devote the time and effort necessary to fulfill his or her responsibilities to the Company.
The Board requires that each director be a recognized person of high integrity with a proven record of success in his or her field. Each director must demonstrate innovative thinking, familiarity with and respect for corporate governance requirements and practices, an appreciation of multiple cultures and a commitment to sustainability and to dealing responsibly with social issues. In addition to the qualifications required of all directors, the Board conducts interviews of potential director candidates to assess intangible qualities including the individual’s ability to ask difficult questions and, simultaneously, to work collegially.
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Qualifications, Attributes, Skills and Experience to be Represented on the Board as a Whole
The Board has identified particular qualifications, attributes, skills and experience that are important to be represented on the board as a whole, in light of the Company’s current needs and its business priorities. The Board believes that it should include some directors with a high level of financial literacy and some directors who possess relevant business experience as a Chief Executive Officer or a President or like position. Marketing is the core focus of our business and the Company seeks to develop and deploy the world’s most innovative and effective marketing and technology. Therefore, the Board believes that marketing and technology experience should be represented on the Board. The Company is involved in the on-line trading business in Hong Kong and the PRC. Therefore, the Company’s business also requires compliance with a variety of regulatory requirements and relationships with various governmental entities. Therefore, the board believes that governmental, political or diplomatic expertise should be represented on the Board.
Set forth below are a chart and a narrative disclosure that summarize the specific qualifications, attributes, skills and experiences described above. An “X” in the chart below indicates that the item is a specific reason that the director has been nominated to serve on the Company’s Board. The lack of an “X” for a particular qualification does not mean that the director does not possess that qualification or skill. Rather, an “X” indicates a specific area of focus or expertise of a director on which the board currently relies.
| Doug Buerger |
Shuo Li | Guisuo Lu | ||||
| High level of financial literacy | X | X | ||||
| Extensive knowledge of the Company’s business | X | X | ||||
| Marketing/Marketing related technology experience | X | X | ||||
| Relevant Chief Executive/President or like experience | X | X | X | |||
| Corporate Governance expertise | X |
Doug Buerger
Marketing/Marketing related technology experience - Mr. Buerger is a scientific consultant with experience leading teams in all phases of pharmaceutical and medical device lifecycle development including research, development, manufacturing, business development, quality, clinical, and regulatory.
Relevant Chief Executive/President experience - Mr. Buerger served as a manager for product development at Hercon Pharmaceuticals, LLC, where he was in charge of coordination of development pipeline, foster innovation mentality and problem-solving skills development in scientific staff personnel, developed and maintained annual departmental budgets
Guisuo Lu
High level of financial literacy – Mr. Lu is currently a financial consultant of Shandong Yuntong Commercial Co., LTD. Mr. Lu previously worked at Bank Card Business Department of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Hebei Branch) from September 1982 to January 2005.
Extensive knowledge of the Company’s business – Mr. Lu has extensive experience in the fields of block-chain operation including NFT business.
Relevant Chief Executive/President experience – Mr. Lu served as vice president of Yinsheng Financial Group and Yinsheng Payment Service Co., Ltd. from October 2013 to March 2020.
Corporate Governance Expertise – Mr. Lu served as a top management team member with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
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Shuo Li
High level of financial literacy– Mr. Shuo Li has extensive experience in investment and finance in the industries of international engineering, renewable energy, eco-agriculture, infrastructure. Mr. Shuo Li has served as the Vice President of Saibo Holdings Group Co., Ltd since July 2021. Before that, Mr. Li was the regional manager of Beike Holdings Limited from May 2018 to July 2021. Mr. Li earned his Master’s degree in public administrations from China Ocean University in 2010 and his Bachelor’s degree in physics education from Shandong Normal University in 2003.
Extensive knowledge of the Company’s business – Mr. Shuo Li has strong experience in corporate operations and regional management from his roles at Saibo Holdings Group and Beike Holdings.
Relevant Chief Executive experience – He has served as Vice President of Saibo Holdings Group Co., Ltd since July 2021.
Corporate Governance Expertise – He was regional manager at Beike Holdings (May 2018 – July 2021) and holds an MPA (2010) and a Bachelor’s degree (2003).
Directors or Executive Officers involved in Bankruptcy or Criminal Proceedings
To our knowledge, during the last ten years, none of our directors and executive officers (including those of our subsidiaries), has:
| ● | Had a bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time. |
| ● | Been convicted in a criminal proceeding or been subject to a pending criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses. |
| ● | Been subject to any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities. |
| ● | Been found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the SEC, or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended or vacated. |
| ● | Been the subject to, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any registered entity, or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member. |
Board Committees
Our business, property and affairs are managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. Members of the Board of Directors are kept informed of our business through discussion with the chief executive and financial officers and other officers, by reviewing materials provided to them and by participating at meetings of the board and its committees.
Our Board of Directors has three committees - the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Governance and Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee currently consists of Guisuo Lu, Shuo Li and Doug Buerger with Guisuo Lu serving as Chairman. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Guisuo Lu, Shuo Li and Doug Buerger with Doug Buerger serving as Chairman. The Governance and Nominating Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) currently consists of with Guisuo Lu, Shuo Li and Doug Buerger with Shuo Li serving as Chairman.
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Our Audit Committee is involved in discussions with our independent auditor with respect to the scope and results of our year-end audit, our quarterly results of operations, our internal accounting controls and the professional services furnished by the independent auditor. Our Board of Directors has determined that Guisuo Lu qualify as audit committee financial experts and have the accounting or financial management expertise as required under NYSE Rule 303A.07(a). Our Board of Directors has also adopted a written charter for the audit committee which the audit committee reviews and reassesses for adequacy on an annual basis.
The Compensation Committee oversees the compensation of our chief executive officer and our other executive officers and reviews our overall compensation policies for employees generally. If so authorized by the Board of Directors, the committee may also serve as the granting and administrative committee under any option or other equity-based compensation plans which we may adopt. The Compensation Committee does not delegate its authority to fix compensation; however, as to officers who report to the chief executive officer, the compensation committee consults with the chief executive officer, who may make recommendations to the Compensation Committee. Any recommendations by the chief executive officer are accompanied by an analysis of the basis for the recommendations. The committee will also discuss compensation policies for employees who are not officers with the chief executive officer and other responsible officers.
The Governance and Nominating Committee is involved in evaluating the desirability of and recommending to the Board any changes in the size and composition of the board, evaluation of and successor planning for the chief executive officer and other executive officers. The qualifications of any candidate for director will be subject to the same extensive general and specific criteria applicable to director candidates generally.
Board Meetings
The Board of Directors and its committees held the following number of meetings during 2025:
| Board of Directors | 4 | |||
| Audit Committee | 3 | |||
| Compensation Committee | 3 | |||
| Nominating Committee | 3 |
The above table includes meetings held by means of a conference telephone call and the actions taken by unanimous written consent.
Each director attended at least 80% of the total number of meetings of the Board of Directors and those committees on which he served during the year.
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Material Changes to the Procedures by which Security Holders May Recommend Nominees to the Board of Directors
There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Board of Directors.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and also to other employees.
Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight
Mr. Yanying Wang is the Company’s Chairman of Board of Director. We have three independent directors. Mr. Yanying Wang is our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Jianguang Qian is our Chief Financial Officer. They are best situated to serve as our business and industry most capable of identifying strategic priorities and executing our business strategy. We believe that this leadership structure has served the Company well. The Board’s role in the risk oversight of the Company includes, among other things:
| ● | appointing, retaining and overseeing the work of the independent auditors, including resolving disagreements between the management and the independent auditors relating to financial reporting; |
| ● | approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing annually the independence and quality control procedures of the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions; |
| ● | discussing the annual audited financial statements with the management; and |
| ● | meeting separately with the independent auditors to discuss critical accounting policies, management letters, recommendations on internal controls, the auditor’s engagement letter and independence letter and other material written communications between the independent auditors and the management. |
Our Board of Directors is responsible to approve all related party transactions. We have not adopted written policies and procedures specifically for related person transactions.
Limitations on Liability
Article VI of our Bylaws limits the liability of our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Consequently, our directors and officers may not be personally liable for monetary damages regarding their duties as directors.
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Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers and directors and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file with the SEC initial statements of beneficial ownership, reports of changes in ownership and annual reports concerning their ownership of our ordinary shares and other equity securities, on Form 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Executive officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required by the SEC regulations to furnish our Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.
Based solely on our review of the copies of such reports received by us and on written representations by our officers and directors regarding their compliance with the applicable reporting requirements under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, we believe that, with respect to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, our officers and directors, and all of the persons known to us have no one owns more than 10% of our ordinary shares.
B. Compensation
The following table sets forth information with respect to the compensation of each of the named executive officers for services provided in all capacities to NFT Limited and its subsidiaries in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 in their capacity as such officers.
Summary Compensation Table
| Name & Principal Position | Fiscal Year | Base Compensation (annual, unless otherwise noted) |
Bonus | Share Award |
Total Annual |
|||||||||||||
| Yanying Wang1 | 2025 | $ | 2,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,000 | |||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2024 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||||
| Jianguang Qian2 | 2025 | $ | 60,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 60,000 | |||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | 2024 | $ | 27,500 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 27,500 | |||||||||
| Kuangtao Wang3 | 2025 | $ | 165,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 165,000 | |||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2024 | $ | 180,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 180,000 | |||||||||
| (1) | Mr. Wang was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer on December 2, 2025. |
| (2) | Mr. Qian was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on August 16, 2024. |
| (3) | Mr. Wang was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer on January 4, 2022 and resigned on December 1, 2025 |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
We strive to provide our named executive officers (as defined in Item 402 of Regulation S-K) with a competitive base salary that is in line with their roles and responsibilities when compared to peer companies of comparable size in similar locations.
It is not uncommon for Hong Kong private companies to have base salaries as the sole form of compensation. The base salary level is established and reviewed based on the level of responsibilities, the experience and tenure of the individual and the current and potential contributions of the individual. The base salary is compared to the list of similar positions within comparable peer companies and consideration is given to the executive’s relative experience in his or her position. Base salaries are reviewed periodically and at the time of promotion or other changes in responsibilities.
We have formed a compensation committee to oversee the compensation of our named executive officers. All the members of the compensation committee are independent directors.
Compensation of Directors
The following table sets forth the compensation received by our directors in fiscal years of 2025 and 2024 in their capacity as directors.
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Fee earned or paid in Cash ($) |
Base Compensation and bonus ($) |
Share Awards ($) |
Option Awards ($) |
Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) |
Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred |
All Other Compensation ($) |
Total ($) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yanying Wang1 | 2025 | $ | 2,000 | - | - | - | - | - | $ | 2,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Director and Chairman | 2024 | $ | - | - | - | - | - | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doug Buerger | 2025 | $ | 46,000 | - | - | - | - | - | $ | 46,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Director | 2024 | $ | 46,000 | - | - | - | - | - | $ | 46,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shuo Li 2 | 2025 | - | $ | 1433.33 | - | - | - | - | - | $ | 1433.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Director | 2024 | - | $ | - | - | - | - | - | - | $ | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guisuo Lu3 | 2025 | - | $ | 40,000 | - | - | - | - | - | $ | 40,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | 40,000 | $ | 40,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Mr. Yanying Wang was appointed as Chairman of the board of directors on December 2, 2025. |
| (2) | Mr. Shuo Li was appointed as director of the board of directors on November 18, 2025. |
| (3) | Mr. Guisuo Lu was appointed as director of the board of directors on August 1, 2022. |
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Option Grants Table
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not grant new share options under the 2015 Plan respectively.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
During the year ended December 31, 2024, Nil restricted share-based awards were granted. Each of the awards is subject to service-based vesting restrictions. The total unvested restricted shares Nil shares as of December 31, 2025.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, none of any outstanding Equity Awards were granted to employees, directors & officers, or consultants or any third parties.
Aggregated Option Exercises and Fiscal Year-End Option Value Table
There was no share option awarded and vested during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) Awards Table
There were no awards made in the last completed fiscal year under any LTIP.
Pension and Retirement Plans
Currently, except for contributions to the PRC government-mandated social security retirement endowment fund for those employees who have not waived their coverage, we do not offer any annuity, pension or retirement benefits to be paid to any of our officers, directors or employees. There are also no compensatory plans or arrangements with respect to any individual named above which results or will result from the resignation, retirement or any other termination of employment with our company, or from a change in our control.
C. Board Practices
Board of directors
Duties and Functions of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, all of our directors owe three types of duties to us: (i) statutory duties, (ii) fiduciary duties, and (iii) common law duties. The Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands imposes a number of statutory duties on a director. A Cayman Islands director’s fiduciary duties are not codified, however the courts of the Cayman Islands have held that a director owes the following fiduciary duties: (a) a duty to act in what the director bona fide considers to be in the best interests of the company, (b) a duty to exercise their powers for the purposes they were conferred, (c) a duty to avoid fettering his or her discretion in the future and (d) a duty to avoid conflicts of interest and of duty. The common law duties owed by a director are those to act with skill, care and diligence that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and, also, to act with the skill, care and diligence in keeping with a standard of care commensurate with any particular skill they have which enables them to meet a higher standard than a director without those skills. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our amended articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by any of our directors is breached.
The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others, (i) convening shareholders’ annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings, (ii) declaring dividends and other distributions, and (iii) appointing officers and determining their terms of offices and responsibilities.
Terms of Directors and Officers
Each of our directors holds office until a successor has been duly elected and qualified unless the director was appointed by the board of directors, in which case such director holds office until the next following annual meeting of shareholders at which time such director is eligible for reelection. All of our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors.
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D. Employees
As of December 31, 2025, we had 8 full-time employee. As for the 8 employees, 1 is General Manager, 1 is CEO, 1 is CFO, 1 is from administrative department, 1 is from financial department, 1 is from technical department, 1 is from operation department, and 1 is from marketing department.
There are no collective bargaining contracts covering any of our employees. We believe our relationship with our employees is satisfactory.
E. Share Ownership
Equity Compensation Plans
There was no equity compensation plans effective during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our voting securities by (i) any person or group owning more than 5% of any class of voting securities, (ii) each director, (iii) our chief executive officer and (iv) all executive officers and directors as a group as of December 31, 2025.
Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to the following table, each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power and that person’s address is c/o NFT Ltd, Office Q,11th Floor Kings Wing Plaza 2, No 1 Kwan Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| Number of Ordinary Shares |
Percentage Ownership of |
|||||||||
| Beneficial Ownership | Title of Class | Beneficially Owned |
Ordinary Shares |
|||||||
| Owner of more than 5% of Class | ||||||||||
| - | Class A Ordinary Shares | - | - | |||||||
| Directors and Officers | ||||||||||
| Yanying Wang | Class A Ordinary Shares | |||||||||
| Jianguang Qian | Class A Ordinary Shares | - | - | |||||||
| Doug Buerger | Class A Ordinary Shares | - | - | |||||||
| Guisuo Lu | Class A Ordinary Shares | - | - | |||||||
| Shuo Li | Class A Ordinary Shares | - | - | |||||||
| All Officers and Directors (Five persons) | - | - | ||||||||
| * | Less than 1% |
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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”
B. Related Party Transactions
Except for the ownership of our securities, and except as set forth below, none of the directors, executive officers, holders of more than five percent of our outstanding ordinary shares, or any member of the immediate family of any such person have, to our knowledge, had a material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction or proposed transaction which may materially affect our company since the beginning of 2023.
Procedures for Approval of Related Party Transactions
Our Board of Directors is charged with reviewing and approving all potential related party transactions. All such related party transactions must then be reported under applicable SEC rules. We have not adopted other procedures for review, or standards for approval, of such transactions, but instead review them on a case-by-case basis.
Director Independence
NYSE listing standards require that a majority of our board of directors be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship which in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Our board of directors has determined that Doug Buerger, Guisuo Lu and Shuo Li are “independent directors” as defined in the NYSE listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
Lease Agreements
The Company leases approximately 400 square feet of office space at Office Q, 11th Floor, Kings Wing Plaza 2, No. 1 Kwan Street, New Territories, Hong Kong, for a lease term of 1 year starting from October 10, 2022, with an annual rent of US$10,000. The lease term has been extended to October 9, 2026.
Consulting Agreements
On August 1, 2019, the Company has engaged Sing Leung Li as an external consultant as the Company’s Financial Consultant and accrued a monthly service fee of $5,000. The service agreement is renewable annually. The agreement was renewed on August 1, 2023 with a monthly service fee of $5,000.
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On September 16, 2020, the Company engaged Vivian Liu as an external consultant as the Company’s Business Consultant and accrued a monthly service fee of $8,000. The service agreement is renewable annually. The agreement was renewed on September 16, 2021 with a monthly service fee of $8,000.
No other significant consulting arrangements were signed from April 15, 2024 onwards.
Terms of Directors and Officers
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—C. Board Practices—Terms of Directors and Officers.”
Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers—Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.”
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
Dividend Policy
Metaverse HK is permitted under the laws of Hong Kong to provide funding to Takung Exchange, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in Wyoming, through dividend distribution without restrictions on the amount of the funds. We and our subsidiaries currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments.
Metaverse HK is the only subsidiary in Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”. The laws and regulations of the PRC do not currently have any material impact on transfer of cash from Metaverse HK to Takung Exchange or from Metaverse HK to the Company and the investors in the U.S.
According to the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong, a Hong Kong company may only make a distribution out of profits available for distribution or other distributable reserves. Dividends cannot be paid out from share capital.
There are no restrictions or limitation under the laws of Hong Kong imposed on the conversion of HKD into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of Hong Kong.
B. Significant Changes
Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
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ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offering and Listing Details
Our ordinary shares was originally quoted on the OTCBB from October 2013 under the designation “CARD”. On November 5, 2014, we amended our name from “Cardigant Medical Inc.” to “Takung Art Co., Ltd” and on November 12, 2014, our symbol was changed to “TKAT”. Our ordinary shares began trading on the NYSE American from March 22, 2017. On September 8, 2023, our symbol was changed to “MI” due to the previously disclosed transaction between TKAT and NFT Limited.
Holders of Our Ordinary Shares
As of December 31, 2025, we had 113 registered shareholders of our Class A ordinary shares, which does not include the shares held in street name by brokerage firms, and 0 registered shareholders of our Class B ordinary shares. The holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Holders of the ordinary shares have no preemptive rights and no right to convert their ordinary shares into any other securities. There is no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the ordinary shares.
Dividends
Holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. No dividends on our ordinary shares have ever been paid, and we do not anticipate that dividends will be paid on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future.
Registration Rights
We have no other obligation to register under the Securities Act any of our ordinary shares.
Equity Compensation Plans
For information on securities authorized for issuance under our existing equity compensation plan, see Item 12 under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.”
Stock Transfer Agent
Our stock transfer agent is VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598.
Repurchase of Equity Securities by NFT Limited and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
On November 2, 2023, NFT Limited (the “Company”) entered into certain securities purchase agreement (the “SPA”) with certain “non-U.S. Persons” (the “Purchasers”) as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 34,991,886 units (the “Units”), each Unit consisting of one Class A ordinary share of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (“Share”) and a warrant to purchase one Share (“Warrant”) with an initial exercise price of $0.207 per Share, at a price of $0.184 per Unit, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $6.43 million (the “Offering”). The net proceeds of the Offering shall be used by the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Company entered into certain securities purchase agreement (the “SPA”) on January 10, 2024 with certain “non-U.S. Persons” (the “Purchasers”) as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 69,983,770 units (the “Units”), each Unit consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (“Share”) and a warrant to purchase one Share (“Warrant”) with an initial exercise price of $0.276 per Share, at a price of $0.221 per Unit, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $15.47 million (the “Offering”), subject to various conditions to closing. On February 2, 2024, the transaction contemplated by the SPA consummated when all the closing conditions of the SPA have been satisfied and the Company issued the Units to the Purchasers pursuant to the SPA.
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ordinary shares was originally quoted on the OTCBB from October 2013 under the designation “CARD”. On November 5, 2014, we amended our name from “Cardigant Medical Inc.” to “Takung Art Co., Ltd” and on November 12, 2014, our symbol was changed to “TKAT”. Our ordinary shares began trading on the NYSE American from March 22, 2017. On September 8, 2023, our symbol was changed to “MI” due to the previously disclosed transaction between TKAT and NFT Limited.
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
The following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our memorandum and articles of association, as amended from time to time, and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below.
Summary
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles adopted by special resolution dated 18 April 2026 and filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands on 27 April 2026 (“M&A”), the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, the common law of the Cayman Islands, our corporate governance documents and rules and regulations of the stock exchange on which are shares are traded.
As of the date hereof, the authorized share capital of the Company is US$5,000,000 divided into 9,000,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0005 each and 1,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0005 each (the “Class B Ordinary Shares”, together with “Class A Ordinary Shares”, the “Ordinary Shares”). As of April 30, 2026, 18,478,875 Class A Ordinary Shares are issued and outstanding and 0 Class B Ordinary Shares are issued and outstanding. All of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid.
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Ordinary Shares
Our directors may, in their absolute discretion and without the approval of our shareholders, create and designate out of the unissued shares of our company (including unissued Class A ordinary shares) one or more classes or series of preferred shares, comprising such number of preferred shares, and having such designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, voting rights, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, as our directors may determine.
Each outstanding Class A Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters. Each outstanding Class B Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to twenty (20) votes per share on all matters. Our M&A provides that elections for directors shall be by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, which requires a simple majority of votes cast at a general meeting of our shareholders, or a written resolution approved in writing by two-thirds of our shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting. Shareholders do not have preemptive rights to purchase shares in any future issuance of our ordinary shares. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and after payment of creditors and preferred shareholders, if any, our assets available for distribution will be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise.
The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to dividends out of funds legally available when and as declared by our board of directors (the “Board”). The Board has never declared a dividend and does not anticipate declaring a dividend in the foreseeable future. Should we decide in the future to pay dividends, as a holding company, our ability to do so and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their ability to make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars or other hard currency and other regulatory restrictions.
General. All of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Our Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form, and are issued when registered in our register of members. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares. Under our M&A, we may issue only non-negotiable shares and may not issue bearer or negotiable shares.
Dividends. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our Board. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, dividends may be declared and paid only out of funds legally available therefor, namely out of either profit or our share premium account, provided that a dividend may not be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
Classes of Ordinary Shares. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Except for conversion rights, rights on winding-up and voting rights, the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares carry equal rights and rank pari passu with one another, including but not limited to the rights to dividends and other capital distributions.
Each Class B Ordinary Share is convertible into one Class A Ordinary Share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.
Voting Rights. In respect of matters requiring shareholders’ vote, each Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote and each Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to twenty (20) votes. At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided by poll.
An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting (or if passed as a resolution in writing, unanimous approval of our shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting of our company), while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting (or if passed as a written resolution, unanimous approval of all of our shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting of our company). A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name or any amendment to our M&A. Holders of our ordinary shares may effect certain changes by ordinary resolution, including increasing the amount of our authorized share capital, consolidating all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares, sub-dividing our shares or any of them into shares of an amount smaller than that fixed by our M&A, and cancelling any unissued shares.
General Meetings of Shareholders and Shareholder Proposals. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our M&A provides that we may, but are not obliged to, in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors.
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Shareholders’ annual general meetings and any other general meetings of our shareholders may be convened by our Board. Advance notice of at least ten (10) calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a general meeting of shareholders consists of one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy or, if a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative, who hold shares which represent, in aggregate, not less than one-third of the votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings.
Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our M&A allows any of our shareholders holding in aggregate not less than two-thirds of the aggregate number of votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders, in which case our directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, our M&A does not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.
Transfer of Shares. Subject to the restrictions of our M&A set out below, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her Ordinary Shares by an instrument of transfer in writing and in such usual or common form or such other form approved by our Board.
Our Board may, in its absolute discretion, and without assigning any reason, refuse to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or upon which our company has a lien. Our directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless (a) the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our Board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; (b) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares; (c) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; (d) in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; or (e) a fee of such maximum sum as the NYSE may determine to be payable, or such lesser sum as our Board may from time to time require, is paid to us in respect thereof.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within one month after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, on fourteen (14) days’ notice being given by advertisement in an appointed newspaper or any other newspapers or by any other means in accordance with the requirements of the NYSE to that effect, be suspended at such times and for such periods (not exceeding in the whole thirty (30) calendar days in any year) as our directors may determine.
Liquidation. On a winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution among our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our Board may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption, Purchase and Surrender of Shares. We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as our Board, before the issue of such shares, or our shareholders by special resolution may determine. We may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our Board or by ordinary resolution of our shareholders, or are otherwise authorized by our memorandum and articles of association. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if the company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.
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Variations of Rights of Shares. If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class of shares may be varied or abrogated either with the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights will not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. (other than our memorandum and articles of association, any special resolutions of our shareholders, and our register of mortgages and charges). However, at the discretion of our Board, we intend to provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.
Changes in Capital. Our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
| ● | increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe; |
| ● | consolidate or divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger or smaller amount than our existing shares; |
| ● | sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of as amount smaller than that fixed by our memorandum; and |
| ● | cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled. |
Our shareholders may, by special resolution and subject to confirmation by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on an application by our company for an order confirming such reduction, reduce our share capital and any capital redemption reserve in any manner authorized by law.
Issuance of Additional Shares. Our M&A authorizes our Board to issue additional Ordinary Shares from time to time as our Board shall determine, to the extent there are available authorized but unissued shares.
Our M&A authorizes our Board to establish from time to time one or more series of convertible redeemable preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of convertible redeemable preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
| ● | designation of the series; |
| ● | the number of shares of the series; |
| ● | the dividend rights, conversion rights and voting rights; and |
| ● | the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. |
The issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of M&A may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:
| ● | authorize our Board to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and |
| ● | limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders. |
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However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our M&A for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
Preferred Shares
The Board is empowered to allot, issue, and dispose of shares (including, without limitation, preferred shares) (whether in certificated form or non-certificated form), to such persons, in such manner, on such terms and having such rights and being subject to such restrictions as they may from time to time determine. The Board may, without the approval of the shareholders, create and designate out of the unissued shares of the Company (including unissued Class A ordinary shares) one or more classes or series of preferred shares, comprising such number of preferred shares, and having such designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, voting rights, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, as the Board may determine in their sole and absolute discretion.
You should refer to the prospectus relating to any series of preferred shares being offered for the specific terms of that series, including:
| ● | title of the series and the number of shares in the series; |
| ● | the price at which the preferred shares will be offered; |
| ● | the dividend rate or rates or method of calculating the rates, the dates on which the dividends will be payable, whether or not dividends will be cumulative or noncumulative and, if cumulative, the dates from which dividends on the preferred shares being offered will cumulate; |
| ● | the voting rights, if any, of the holders of preferred shares being offered; |
| ● | the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, and the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of the preferred shares being offered, including any restrictions on the foregoing as a result of arrearage in the payment of dividends or sinking fund installments; |
| ● | the liquidation preference per share; |
| ● | the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred shares being offered will be convertible into our ordinary shares, including the conversion price, or the manner of calculating the conversion price, and the conversion period; |
| ● | the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred shares being offered will be exchangeable for debt securities, including the exchange price, or the manner of calculating the exchange price, and the exchange period; |
| ● | any listing of the preferred shares being offered on any securities exchange; |
| ● | a discussion of any material federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred shares being offered; |
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| ● | any preemptive rights; |
| ● | the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred shares being offered as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our affairs; |
| ● | any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred shares ranking senior or equal to the series of preferred shares being offered as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our affairs; and |
| ● | any additional rights, preferences, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the series. |
Upon issuance, the preferred shares will be fully paid and nonassessable, which means that its holders will have paid their purchase price in full and we may not require them to pay additional funds.
Any preferred share terms selected by the Board could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of our ordinary shares or adversely affect the rights and power, including voting rights, of the holders of our ordinary shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The rights of holders of our ordinary shares will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any preferred shares that may be issued by us in the future. The issuance of preferred shares could also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult.
Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act of the Cayman Islands is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and, accordingly, there are significant differences between the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the surviving or consolidated company, a declaration as to the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation that is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90.0% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation; provided that the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
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Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement; provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or class of creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; |
| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition, which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer that has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits
In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires (and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders); |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses, incurred or sustained by such directors or officer, other than by reason of such person’s fraud or dishonesty, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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Directors’ Fiduciary Duties
Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company — a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our memorandum and articles of association provide that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of (i) in the case of ordinary resolutions, a written resolution passed by unanimous consent of all of our shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of our company, or (ii) in the case of special resolutions, a unanimous written resolution signed by all of our shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of our company, without a meeting being held.
Shareholder Proposals
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders; provided that it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our memorandum and articles of association allow any one or more of our shareholders who together hold shares that carry in aggregate not less than two-thirds of the total number of votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
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Removal of Directors
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by a special resolution of our shareholders. A director will also cease to be a director if he (i) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing; (iv) without special leave of absence from our Board, is absent from meetings of our board for six consecutive months and our Board resolves that his office be vacated; (v) is prohibited by law from being a director, or (vi) ceases to be a director by virtue of the Cayman Islands law, its M&As or is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our articles of association.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders
The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting shares within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, the directors of our Company are required to comply with fiduciary duties, which they owe to our Company under Cayman Islands laws, including the duty to ensure that, in their opinion, any such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
Dissolution; Winding up
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.
Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act, our Company may be dissolved, liquidated, or wound up voluntarily by a special resolution, or by an ordinary resolution on the basis that we are unable to pay our debts as they fall due.
Variation of Rights of Shares
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the written consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our memorandum and articles of association, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders
There are no limitations imposed by our M&As on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our M&As that require our Company to disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.
Registered Office
Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is at Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Island.
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Board of Directors
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”
C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” or elsewhere in this annual report.
D. Exchange Controls
The Company mainly operates its business in Hong Kong. Hong Kong does not impose foreign exchange controls. This means there are no restrictions on the movement of capital into or out of the territory. Individuals and businesses can freely convert and transfer currencies without government intervention. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) ensures that the region maintains a high degree of financial openness, facilitating a free flow of capital. This openness is a cornerstone of Hong Kong’s financial policy and contributes to its status as a major global financial hub.
The Hong Kong dollar (HKD) is pegged to the U.S. dollar (USD) within a tight range, which provides stability and predictability for foreign exchange transactions. The peg is maintained through the Linked Exchange Rate System, where the HKMA intervenes in the currency market to maintain the exchange rate within the specified range.
There are no restrictions on the repatriation of profits, dividends, interest, or capital. Foreign investors can freely repatriate their investment returns, which makes Hong Kong an attractive destination for international business and investment.
E. Taxation
The following summary of the Cayman Islands, HK and U.S. federal income tax considerations of an investment in the Ordinary Shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax considerations relating to an investment in the Ordinary Shares, such as the tax considerations under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China and the United States.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation, and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us or holders of our Ordinary Shares levied by the government of the Cayman Islands, except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands are not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
Hong Kong Taxation
Hong Kong follows a territorial principle of taxation, meaning only income derived from or earned in Hong Kong is subject to tax. Income sourced outside Hong Kong is not taxable, regardless of whether it is remitted to Hong Kong.
| ● | Profits Tax: Levied on corporations and unincorporated businesses on profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong. The standard corporate tax rate is 16.5%, while the rate for unincorporated businesses is 15%. |
| ● | Salaries Tax: Charged on income from employment, office, and pensions in Hong Kong. The tax rates are progressive, ranging from 2% to 17%, with a maximum effective rate capped at 15% after allowances and deductions. |
| ● | Property Tax: Applied to income derived from renting out property in Hong Kong. The tax rate is 15% on the net assessable value of the property, which is the rental income after a standard deduction of 20% for repairs and maintenance. |
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United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following does not address the tax consequences to any particular investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:
| ● | banks; |
| ● | financial institutions; |
| ● | insurance companies; |
| ● | regulated investment companies; |
| ● | real estate investment trusts; |
| ● | broker-dealers; |
| ● | persons that elect to mark their securities to market; |
| ● | U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; |
| ● | governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof; |
| ● | tax-exempt entities; |
| ● | persons liable for alternative minimum tax; |
| ● | persons holding our Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction; |
| ● | persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting power or value (including by reason of owning our Ordinary Shares); |
| ● | persons who acquired our Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; |
| ● | persons holding our Ordinary Shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities; |
| ● | beneficiaries of a Trust holding our Ordinary Shares; or |
| ● | persons holding our Ordinary Shares through a Trust. |
The discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders that purchase Ordinary Shares. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the application of the U.S. federal income tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership, and disposition of our Ordinary Shares.
Material Tax Consequences Applicable to U.S. Holders of Our Ordinary Shares
The following sets forth the material U.S. federal income tax consequences related to the ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares. It is directed to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of our Ordinary Shares and is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. This description does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares or U.S. tax laws, other than the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as the tax consequences under non-U.S. tax laws, state, local, and other tax laws.
The following brief description applies only to U.S. Holders that hold Ordinary Shares as capital assets and that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This brief description is based on the federal income tax laws of the United States in effect as of the date of this annual report and on U.S. Treasury regulations in effect or, in some cases, proposed, as of the date of this annual report, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below.
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The brief description below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to you if you are a beneficial owner of Ordinary Shares and you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
| ● | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| ● | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| ● | a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, the gross amount of distributions made by us to you with respect to the Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). With respect to corporate U.S. Holders, the dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a PFIC for either our taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Because there is no income tax treaty between the United States and the Cayman Islands, clause (1) above can be satisfied only if the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Under U.S. Internal Revenue Service authority, Ordinary Shares are considered for purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently includes the NYSE and the Nasdaq Stock Market. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our Ordinary Shares, including the effects of any change in law after the date of this annual report.
Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate divided by the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends distributed by us with respect to our Ordinary Shares will constitute “passive category income” but could, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, constitute “general category income.”
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Ordinary Shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
Taxation of Dispositions of Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of a share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the Ordinary Shares for more than one year, you will generally be eligible for reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that you recognize will generally be treated as United States source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes which will generally limit the availability of foreign tax credits.
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PFIC
A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC, as defined in Section 1297(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, for any taxable year if either:
| ● | at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income; or |
| ● | at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). |
Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business), and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In determining the value and composition of our assets for purposes of the PFIC asset test, the value of our assets must be determined based on the market value of our Ordinary Shares from time to time, which could cause the value of our non-passive assets to be less than 50% of the value of all of our assets on any particular quarterly testing date for purposes of the asset test.
Based on the operations and the composition of our assets we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC under the current PFIC rules. We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC, however, and there can be no assurance with respect to our status as a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year. Depending on the amount of assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent taxable year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets held for the production of passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. In addition, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined based on the market price of our Ordinary Shares, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Ordinary Shares may cause us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects and the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend our liquid assets. We are under no obligation to take steps to reduce the risk of our being classified as a PFIC, and as stated above, the determination of the value of our assets will depend upon material facts (including the market price of our Ordinary Shares from time to time) that may not be within our control. If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold Ordinary Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Ordinary Shares. If we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, however, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to the Ordinary Shares.
If we are a PFIC for your taxable year(s) during which you hold Ordinary Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the Ordinary Shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Ordinary Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | the amount allocated to your current taxable year, and any amount allocated to any of your taxable year(s) prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and |
| ● | the amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the Ordinary Shares as capital assets.
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A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the US Internal Revenue Code for such stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for first taxable year which you hold (or are deemed to hold) Ordinary Shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis in such Ordinary Shares, which excess will be treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. Such ordinary loss, however, is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Ordinary Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Ordinary Shares. Your basis in the Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us, except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under “—Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Ordinary Shares” generally would not apply.
The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market (as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations), including the Nasdaq Capital Market. If the Ordinary Shares are regularly traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market and if you are a holder of Ordinary Shares, the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to be or become a PFIC.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” election under Section 1295(b) of the US Internal Revenue Code with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. The qualified electing fund election, however, is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold Ordinary Shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 in each such year and provide certain annual information regarding such Ordinary Shares, including regarding distributions received on the Ordinary Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the Ordinary Shares.
If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if we were a PFIC at any time during the period you hold our Ordinary Shares, then such Ordinary Shares will continue to be treated as stock of a PFIC with respect to you even if we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging election” for the year we cease to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such Ordinary Shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new basis (equal to the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC) and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your Ordinary Shares for tax purposes.
IRC Section 1014(a) provides for a step-up in basis to the fair market value for our Ordinary Shares when inherited from a decedent that was previously a holder of our Ordinary Shares. However, if we are determined to be a PFIC and a decedent that was a U.S. Holder did not make either a timely qualified electing fund election for our first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder held (or was deemed to hold) our Ordinary Shares, or a mark-to-market election and ownership of those Ordinary Shares are inherited, a special provision in IRC Section 1291(e) provides that the new U.S. Holder’s basis should be reduced by an amount equal to the Section 1014 basis minus the decedent’s adjusted basis just before death. As such if we are determined to be a PFIC at any time prior to a decedent’s passing, the PFIC rules will cause any new U.S. Holder that inherits our Ordinary Shares from a U.S. Holder to not get a step-up in basis under Section 1014 and instead will receive a carryover basis in those Ordinary Shares.
You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Ordinary Shares and the elections discussed above.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to our Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange, or redemption of our Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and possible U.S. backup withholding under Section 3406 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code with at a current flat rate of 24%. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information. We do not intend to withhold taxes for individual shareholders. Transactions effected through certain brokers or other intermediaries, however, may be subject to withholding taxes (including backup withholding), and such brokers or intermediaries may be required by law to withhold such taxes.
Under the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to our Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a complete Internal Revenue Service Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold Ordinary Shares.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We previously filed with the SEC registration statement on form S-1 filed with the SEC on August 16, 2011, to register our Ordinary Shares in relation to our initial public offering.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. All information filed with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The public may obtain information regarding the Washington, D.C. Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B. Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C. Other Securities
Not applicable.
D. American Depositary Shares
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders
See “Item 10. Additional Information” for a description of the rights of securities holders.
Not applicable
Use of Proceeds
Not applicable
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The management has identified material weaknesses in its financial reporting processes.
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, the Company carried out an evaluation with the participation of the Company’s management, including Yanying Wang, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), and Jianguang Qian, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. In making this assessment, management used the framework set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that, as of December 31, 2025, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective. Management identified certain weaknesses of internal control over financial reporting, which is our lack of sufficient number of financial reporting personnel with appropriate knowledge, experience and training of U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and prepare and review financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and reporting requirements set forth by the SEC.
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To remedy our identified material weakness, we have adopted and plan to continue to adopt certain measures to improve our internal control over financial reporting, including (1) hiring more qualified accounting personnel with extensive experience and knowledge in handling U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements; (2) providing regular and appropriate trainings for our accounting staff, especially trainings related to U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements; and (3) setting up performance measurement and reward plan for our accounting staff aligning with our objective of internal control over financial reporting and our ethical value. However, the implementation of these measures may not fully address these weakness and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, and we cannot conclude that they have been fully remedied. Our failure to correct these weakness and deficiencies or our failure to discover and address any other weakness and deficiencies could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could significantly hinder our ability to prevent fraud.
As of the date of this report, the Company has initiated the remediation plan and is in the process of implementing the identified measures. Specifically, the Company has begun recruiting additional qualified accounting personnel with U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and has conducted targeted training programs for existing staff. In addition, the Company is developing performance evaluation and incentive mechanisms to further strengthen internal control awareness and accountability.
The remediation efforts are ongoing, and the Company expects to continue implementing and refining these measures throughout fiscal year 2026. While progress has been made, the material weakness has not yet been fully remediated, as sufficient time is required to evaluate the operating effectiveness of the newly implemented controls. The Company will continue to monitor the effectiveness of these measures and make necessary adjustments as appropriate.
At this stage, the Company has not established a fixed completion date but is working toward achieving full remediation as soon as practicable.
Issues Identified:
The Company identified material weaknesses in its internal control over the procurement and payment cycle in relation to a significant software acquisition. These deficiencies included inadequate vendor due diligence, absence of a formal business needs assessment, lack of a comprehensive feasibility study (including financial projections), insufficient approval procedures with unclear authorization and segregation of duties, and inadequate contract and scope documentation. As a result, the vendor misunderstood the Company’s requirements, overestimated its technical capabilities, and may fail to deliver in accordance with contractual terms, exposing the Company to significant financial and operational risks.
Remediation Measures
To address these deficiencies, the Company plans to implement a series of remediation measures to strengthen its internal control framework. These include establishing a formal vendor due diligence policy, requiring the preparation of detailed Business Requirements Documents and feasibility studies for all material procurements, implementing a structured procurement approval matrix with defined authorization thresholds and independent cross-functional review, and enhancing contract governance through clearly defined Statements of Work, acceptance criteria, milestone-based deliverables, and protective contractual provisions. These measures are designed to improve decision-making, ensure proper oversight, and mitigate risks associated with large-scale procurement activities.
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Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
We have not made any changes in internal controls over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Limitations on Controls
Management does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or the Company’s internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.
Item 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16.A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our Audit Committee is involved in discussions with our independent auditor with respect to the scope and results of our year-end audit, our quarterly results of operations, our internal accounting controls and the professional services furnished by the independent auditor. Our Board of Directors has determined that Guisuo Lu qualify as audit committee financial experts and have the accounting or financial management expertise as required under NYSE Rule 303A.07(a). Our Board of Directors has also adopted a written charter for the audit committee which the audit committee reviews and reassesses for adequacy on an annual basis.
ITEM 16.B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and also to other employees.
ITEM 16.C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered and billed by ASSENTSURE PAC, our independent registered public accounting firm for the periods indicated.
Audit Fees
We incurred approximately $248,500 for professional services rendered by our current registered independent public accounting firm, ASSENTSURE PAC, for the audit of the Company in the fiscal year 2025.
We incurred approximately $244,000 for professional services rendered by our current registered independent public accounting firm, ASSENTSURE PAC, for the audit of the Company in the fiscal year 2024.
Audit-Related Fees
We did not incur any audit-related fees in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Tax Fees
We did not incur any tax fees in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
All Other Fees
We did not incur any fees from our registered independent public accounting firm for services other than the services covered in “Audit Fees” in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
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Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Board of Directors pre-approves all audit and non-audit services performed by the Company’s auditor and the fees to be paid in connection with such services in order to assure that the provision of such services does not impair the auditor’s independence in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
ITEM 16.D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
None.
ITEM 16.F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
We are a foreign private issuer with our Class A Ordinary Shares listed on the NYSE American. Section 110 of the Company Guide permits NYSE American to consider the laws, customs and practices of foreign private issuers like us in relaxing certain NYSE American corporate governance requirements, and to grant exemptions from NYSE American corporate governance requirements on these considerations. A company seeking relief under these provisions is required to provide written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by home country law. A description of the significant ways in which our governance practices different from those followed by domestic companies pursuant to NYSE American corporate governance standards is as follows:
| ● | Independent Directors: U.S. domestic listed companies must have a majority of independent directors as required by Section 802(a) and defined in Section 803A of the Company Guide. Under the laws of Cayman Islands, we are not required to have a majority of our directors as independent directors. |
| ● | Audit Committee: U.S. domestic listed companies must have an audit committee of at least three (3) members as required by Section 803(B)(2) of the Company Guide. These requirements differ from the Companies Act. |
| ● | Dissemination: Section 623 of the Company Guide requires that the company to prepare and disseminate its interim/quarterly (unaudited) statements to its shareholders. We are a foreign private issuer and under the laws of the Cayman Islands, we are not required to prepare and disseminate our interim/quarterly (unaudited) statements to our shareholders. However, we will continue to submit to the SEC on a Form 6-K our interim balance sheet as of the end of our second fiscal quarter, and a semi-annual income statement that covers our first two fiscal quarters as required under the Company Guide. |
| ● | Shareholder Approval Requirement: Sections 711-713 of the Company Guide require shareholder approval prior to an issuance of securities in connection with: (i) the acquisition of the stock or assets of another company; (ii) equity-based compensation of officers, directors, employees or consultants; (iii) a change of control; and (iv) private placements. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, we are not required to solicit shareholder approval of stock plans, including those in which our officers or directors may participate; stock issuances that will result in a change in control; the issuance of our stock in related party transactions or other transactions in which we may issue 20% or more of our outstanding shares; or, below market issuances of 20% or more of our outstanding shares to any person. |
In addition, as a foreign private issuer, and our equity securities are accordingly exempt from the proxy rules set forth in Sections 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(f) of the Exchange Act. We solicit proxies in accordance with our Memorandum and Articles of Association the applicable rules and regulations in the Cayman Islands.
The foregoing is consistent with the laws, customs and practices in the Cayman Islands. In addition, we may from time-to-time seek relief from NYSE American corporate governance requirements on specific transactions under Section 110 of the Company Guide by providing written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by our home country law.
ITEM 16.H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
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Item 16K. CYBERSECURITY
Risk Management and Strategy
To maintain a consistently high level of service
experience for our clients, preserve the confidentiality,
Our dedicated cybersecurity staff is tasked with assessing, identifying and managing risks related to cybersecurity threats and, under the leadership of our chief operating officer, is responsible for:
| ● | risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment; |
| ● | development of risk-based action plans to manage identified vulnerabilities and implementation of new protocols and infrastructure improvements; |
| ● | cybersecurity incident investigations; |
| ● | monitoring threats to sensitive data and unauthorized access to our systems; |
| ● | secure access control measures applied to critical IT systems, equipment and devices, designed to prevent unauthorized users, processes, and devices from assessing IT systems and data; |
| ● | developing and executing protocols to ensure that information regarding cybersecurity incidents is promptly shared with the board of directors, as appropriate, to allow for risk and materiality assessments and to consider disclosure and notice requirements; and |
| ● | developing and implementing training on cybersecurity, information security and threat awareness. |
As of the date of this Annual Report, we have not experienced cybersecurity incidents during the year ended December 31, 2025, that resulted in an interruption to our operations, known losses of any critical data or otherwise had a material impact on our strategy, financial condition or results of operations. However, the scope and impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. For more information regarding the risks the Company faces from cybersecurity threats, see “Item 3D. Risk Factors––Risks Related to Our Business and Industry––We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity and data leakage risks.”
Governance
At the management level, our cyber security team
is responsible for monitoring and mitigating cybersecurity risks, including those associated with
If a cybersecurity incident occurs, our cyber security team will promptly organize personnel for internal assessment. If it is further determined that the incident could potentially be a material cybersecurity event, our cyber security team will promptly report the incident and assessment results to our head of information technology and cybersecurity functions, and, to the extent appropriate, involve external legal counsels to provide advice. Our management shall prepare disclosure material on the cybersecurity incident for review and approval by our board of directors before it is disseminated to the public.
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PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated financial statements are included at the end of this annual report.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
| * | Filed herewith |
| ** | Furnish herewith |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| NFT Limited | ||
| Date: May 1, 2026 | By: | /s/ Yanying Wang |
| Yanying Wang | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Yanying Wang | Chief Executive Officer | May 1, 2026 | ||
| Yanying Wang | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Jianguang Qian | Chief Financial Officer | May 1, 2026 | ||
| Jianguang Qian | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Doug Buerger | Director | May 1, 2026 | ||
| Doug Buerger | ||||
| /s/ Guisuo Lu | Director | May 1, 2026 | ||
| Guisuo Lu | ||||
| /s/ Shuo Li | Director | May 1, 2026 | ||
| Shuo Li |
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NFT LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 |
Assentsure PAC |
To the shareholders and the board of directors of
NFT Limited and Subsidiaries
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NFT Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.
May 1, 2026
PCAOB ID Number
F-2
NFT LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Stated in U.S. Dollars except Number of Shares)
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Prepayment and other current assets, net | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Non-marketable investment, net | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advance from customers | ||||||||
| Tax payable | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Common stock ( | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
F-3
NFT LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
(Stated in U.S. Dollars except Number of Shares)
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Commission | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses - continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses - discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total operating expenses - continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total operating expenses - discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other income and expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income and bank charges | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Interest expenses | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Sundry income | ||||||||||||
| Gain/(Loss) on change of fair value of warrant liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Other income and expense | ||||||||||||
| Other (expenses)/income - continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other (expenses)/income - discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Total other (expenses) income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Profit/(Loss) before income taxes from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax (expenses)/credit-Continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net (loss)/profit from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes: | ||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||
| Net profit from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss)/profit | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive (loss)/income | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
| (Loss) Earnings from continuing operations per share of common stock – basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| (Loss) Earnings from continuing operations per share of common stock – diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Earnings from discontinued operations per share of common stock – basic | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Earnings from discontinued operations per share of common stock – diluted | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Weighted average number of common stock outstanding – basic | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common stock outstanding – diluted | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
NFT LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Stated in U.S. Dollars except Number of Shares)
| Number of shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in capital | Accumulated deficit | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Private placement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant issuance | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net profit from discontinued operations | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| *Correction of par value misstatement | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private placement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of share reverse split | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock warrants | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cashless exercise of common stock warrants exercise | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net profit from continuing operations | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares for convertible notes redemption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| * |
F-5
NFT LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Stated in U.S. Dollars)
| For the | For the | For the | ||||||||||
| Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss)/profit from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net profit from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net profit/(loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||||||
Bad debt expenses | ||||||||||||
| (Gain)/Loss on change of fair value of warrant liability | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities (decrease)/increase in - continuing operations: | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loan receivables | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Prepayment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Advances from customer | ||||||||||||
| Net changes in operating assets and liabilities (decrease)/increase - discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities-continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities-discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities-continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities-discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Repayment to a short-term borrowing from a third party, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from a private placement | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible note | ||||||||||||
| Payment for offering costs | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities-continuing operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities-discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning balance from continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning balance from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning balance | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash ending balance from continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash ending balance from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash ending balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reclassification between continuing operations and discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash flow reclassification - continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash flow reclassification - discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the consolidated balance sheets | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents-continuing operations | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash-continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents -continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents-discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Restricted cash – discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental cash flows information: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid for tax | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash received from interest-continuing operations | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Convertible Notes Issuance
As disclosed on May 6, 2025, NFT Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain non-affiliated investors identified therein (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company issued unsecured promissory notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $20,000,000.00 (the “Notes”), convertible into Class A ordinary shares, $0.005 par value per share, of the Company (the “Ordinary Shares”), for $20,000,000.00 in aggregate gross proceeds (the “Note Offering”).
Warrants Exercised (Cashless) Summary
| Dates | Warrants Exercised Cashless | |||
| March 1, 2024 | ||||
| February 13, 2024 | ||||
| June 17, 2024 | ||||
| July 9, 2024 | ||||
There are four tranches warrants exercised cashless 21,501,710 on March 1, 2024, 14,532,865 on February 13, 2024, 489,880 on June 17, 2024 and 979,770 on July 9, 2024 respectively
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
NFT LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in U.S. Dollars except Number of Shares)
1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
NFT Limited (“the Company”), a Cayman Islands corporation, entered into an amendment to the Merger Agreement (the “Amendment”), pursuant to which the Effective Time of the Redomicile was amended to be September 18, 2023 (the “New Effective Time”) with Takung Art Co., Ltd. On September 6, 2023, a certificate of merger (the “Merger Certificate”) with the New Effective Time was filed and registered with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies. The Company effectively became the holding company of the whole group.
NFT Limited and Subsidiaries (“MI”), operates an electronic online platform located at www.nftoeo.com for artists, art dealers and art investors to offer and trade in valuable artwork.
Hong Kong Takung was incorporated in Hong Kong on
Takung Cultural Development (Tianjin) Co., Ltd (“Tianjin Takung”) provides technology development services to Hong Kong Takung and also carries out marketing and promotion activities in mainland China. It is engaged in providing services to its parent company Hong Kong Takung by receiving deposits from and making payments to online artwork traders of Takung for and on behalf of Takung when Shanghai Takung was deregistered. On November 8, 2021, the Management became aware of the suspension of the operation of Tianjin Takung by the local authority. As of May 23, 2023, the Company disposed Tianjin Takung as mentioned before.
Hong Kong Takung Art Holdings Company Limited (“Takung Art Holdings”) was formed in Hong Kong on July 20, 2018 and operates as a holding company to control an online platform for offering, selling and trading whole piece of artwork. Takung Art Holdings was deregistered on April 29, 2020 due to deregistration of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Art Era Internet Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., on June 18, 2019. As of May 23, 2023, the Company disposed Takung Art Holdings as mentioned before.
Hong Kong MQ Group Limited (“Hong Kong MQ”) was formed in Hong Kong on November 27, 2018, and is engaged in blockchain and non-fungible tokens (“NFT”) businesses, including consultancy service for NFT launch projects, developing its own NFT marketplace to facilitate users to buy and sell NFTs, as well as development of block chain-based online games. As of May 23, 2023, the Company disposed Hong Kong MQ as mentioned before.
MQ (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting
Co., Ltd. (“Tianjin MQ”) was incorporated in Tianjin, PRC on July 9, 2019 and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary
of Hong Kong MQ. It was established as a limited liability company with a registered capital of $
F-7
Takung Digital Technology Limited (“Takung Digital”) was incorporated in Albany, New York on December 13, 2021 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Takung. This entity primarily provides administrative and technical supports for the development of NFT projects.
Takung Exchange Limited (“Takung Exchange”) was incorporated in Wyoming on January 7, 2022 and is wholly owned by Takung. This entity facilitates the business and operation of the new Takung Exchange market.
Metaverse Digital Payment Co., Limited (“Metaverse Digital Payment”) was formed in Hong Kong on January 27, 2022, and is wholly owned by Takung Exchange. This entity is engaged in digital payment service.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).
This basis of accounting involves the application of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company’s financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.
Segment Information
The Company operates as a single reportable segment in Hong Kong. Therefore,
no geographic information is presented. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM) reviews financial performance and allocates resources
based on the Company’s financial statements, using a single measure of operating profit and a total expense amount.
Operating segments are identified based on the internal reports regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to allocate resources and assess performance.
The Company determines its operating segments in accordance with ASC 280 Segment Reporting, considering the nature of its products and services, organizational structure, and internal reporting system.
Segment results include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Certain items, including corporate expenses, and other unallocated costs, are not allocated to operating segments as they are not included in the measures reviewed by the CODM.
The CODM evaluates the performance of operating segments primarily based on profit and expense, which is consistent with the information presented in the Company’s internal management reports.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
Significant estimates and assumptions are used in, but not limited to, the valuation of financial instruments, including convertible notes and derivative liabilities, the estimation of allowance for credit loss, and the evaluation of deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances.
Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, and its subsidiaries, Takung Exchange, Takung Digital, and Metaverse Digital Payment. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
F-8
Discontinued operations
The Company has adopted ASC Topic 205 “Presentation of Financial Statements” Subtopic 20-45, in determining whether any of its business component(s) classified as held for sale, disposed of by sale or other than by sale is required to be reported in discontinued operations. In accordance with ASC Topic 205-20-45-1, a discontinued operation may include a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity, or a business or non-profit activity. A disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: (1) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; (2) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of by sale; (3) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale (for example, by abandonment or in a distribution to owners in a spinoff).
For the component disposed of other than by sale in accordance with paragraph 360-10-45-15, the Company adopted ASC Topic 205-20-45-3 and reported the results of operations of the discontinued operations, less applicable income tax expenses or benefits as a separate component in in the statement where net income (loss) is reported for current and all prior periods presented.
As of May 23, 2023, The Company’s stockholders approved the proposed
sale (the “Disposition”) of our former subsidiaries, Hong Kong MQ Group Limited, Hong Kong Takung Art Company Limited to Fecundity
Capital Investment Co., Ltd for a purchase price of US$
Fair value measurements
The Company applies the provisions of ASC Subtopic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements”, for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of non-financial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. ASC 820 also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
| ● | Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| ● | Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. | |
| ● | Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. |
There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the disclosure requirements of ASC 820 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Comprehensive loss
The Company follows the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 220 “Reporting Comprehensive Income”, and establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances in a full set of general purpose financial statements. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s comprehensive income/(loss) includes net profit and foreign currency translation adjustment.
Foreign currency translation and transaction
The functional currency of Metaverse Digital Payment, NFT Limited, Takung Digital and Takung Exchange are in United States Dollar (“USD”).
The reporting currency of the Company is USD.
Transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the end of the reporting periods. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items and on re-translation of monetary items at period-end are included in income statement of the period.
The resulting translation adjustments are reported under accumulated other comprehensive loss in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheets.
F-9
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in bank with no restrictions, as well as highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less when initially purchased.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash represents the cash deposited by the traders (“buyers and sellers”) into a specific bank account under Metaverse (“the broker’s account”) in order to facilitate the trading shares of the artwork. The buyers are required to have their funds transferred to the broker’s account before the trading take place. Upon the delivery of the shares, the seller will send instructions to the bank, requesting the amount to be transferred to their personal account. After deducting the commission as per Metaverse Payment, the bank will transfer the remainder to the seller’s personal account. Except for instructing the bank to deduct the commission fee, the Company has no right to use any funds in the broker’s account except for instructing the bank to deduct the commission and management fee. Our restricted cash is denominated in USD and the client advance payment balance deposited in Djibouti.
The ending balance of our restricted cash totaling
$
Loan receivable
Loan to third parties is presented under current asset of the balance sheets based on the nature and loan period of time.
Prepayment and other current assets, net
Prepayment and other current assets mainly consist of prepayment for software development of NFT platform.
Long-lived assets
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. When these events occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of these long-lived assets by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the future undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Company recognizes an impairment equal to the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of these assets.
Advance from customers
Advance from customers represent the cash deposited by the traders into a specific bank account under Takung (“the broker’s account”) in order to facilitate the trading ownership units of the NFT. The traders are required to have their funds transferred to the broker’s account before the trading take place.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from its services in connection with the offering and trading of artworks on the Company’s system, primarily consisting of listing fee, trading commission, and management fee.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using modified retrospective approach applied to its contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are accounted for and presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with Topic 605.
F-10
Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue as the Company satisfies a performance obligation when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration, if any; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.
The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised services is transferred to the traders and service agents. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, which is based on the amount of consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the promised services to the traders and service agents.
Commission
The Company generates commission fee from non-VIP traders and selected traders.
For non-VIP traders, the commission is calculated based on a percentage of transaction value of artworks when there is purchase and sale of the ownership shares of the artworks. The commission revenue is recognized at a point in time when each purchase and sale transaction is completed.
Revenue by customer type
The following table presents the revenue by customer type for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Non - VIP traders | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Cost of revenue
The Company’s cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses associated with the delivery of its service. These include expenses related to the operation of the data centers, such as internet service charge.
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Internet service charge | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-11
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Leases (ASC Topic 842), which amends the leases requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new lease accounting standard, a lessee will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for most leases on the balance sheet. The new standard also modifies the classification criteria and accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases, and enhances the disclosure requirements. Leases will continue to be classified as either finance or operating leases.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The lease payments under the lease arrangements are fixed. Non-lease components include payments for building management, utilities and property tax. It separates the non-lease components from the lease components to which they relate.
Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rate implicit in the leases is not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. The lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancelable, lease term when determining the lease assets and liabilities.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.
Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as
a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination
being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not
that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations based on the technical
merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold to determine the amount
of benefit to be recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted by the U.S. government which included a wide range of tax reform affecting businesses including the corporate tax rates, international tax provisions, tax credits and deduction with majority of the tax provision effective after December 31, 2017. Certain activities conducted in foreign jurisdictions may result in the imposition of U.S. corporate income taxes on Takung when its subsidiaries, controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”), generate income that is subject to Subpart F or GILTI under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code beginning after December 31, 2017.
F-12
The Company accounts for an unrecognized tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. The Company considers and estimates interest and penalties related to the gross unrecognized tax benefits and includes as part of its income tax provision based on the applicable income tax regulations.
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of dilutive EPS in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive (Note 11).
Concentration of risks
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, account receivables. The carrying values of the financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality. Account receivables primarily comprise of amounts receivable from the trader customers. With respect to the prepayment to service suppliers, the Company performs on-going credit evaluations of the financial condition of these suppliers. The Company establishes an allowance for credit loss based upon estimates, factors surrounding the credit risk of specific service providers and other information. Actually, the Company has no account receivables and advances to vendor for year 2025 and year 2024. Prepayment and other current assets mainly consist of the prepayment software development. The Central Bank of Djibouti (BCD) regulates the banking sector and has implemented measures to strengthen the financial system, such as increasing capital requirements and improving liquidity ratios. However, there is no specific mention of a formal deposit insurance system that protects depositors in case of bank failures.
Concentration of customers
There were no revenues from customers that individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Concentration of advance from customers
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no traders that individually accounted for greater than 10% of the Company’s total advance from customers.
F-13
Recent accounting pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. This ASU requires additional quantitative and qualitative income tax disclosures to enable financial statements users better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2025 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU requires entities to 1. disclose amounts of (a) purchase of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and, (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil-and gas-producing activities, 2. include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the same disclosures as other disaggregation requirements, 3. disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not necessarily disaggregated quantitatively, and 4. disclose the total amount of selling expenses, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expense. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The standard provides guidance to expand disclosures related to the disaggregation of income statement expenses. The standard requires, in the notes to the financial statements, disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses which includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a retrospective or prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We plan to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2027 and we are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our financial statements.
Except for the above-mentioned pronouncements, there are no new recently issued accounting standards that will have material impact on our consolidated financial position, statements of operations, and cash flows.
3. INVESTMENTS
The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018. This guidance requires us to measure all equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method or result in consolidation at fair value and recognize any changes in net income. For equity investments with readily determinable and observable fair values, the Company use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of equity securities. For equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the Company have elected the measurement alternative under which the Company measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.
Equity investments with readily determinable fair values that are not accounted for under the equity method classified as trading are not assessed for impairment, since they are carried at fair value with the change in fair value included in net income. Similarly, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, equity investment classified as trading was not tested for impairment.
F-14
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are reviewed each reporting period to determine whether a significant event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have an adverse effect on the fair value of each investment. When such events or changes occur, the Company assess the fair value compared to cost basis in the investment. The Company also perform this assessment every reporting period for each investment for which cost basis has exceeded the fair value.
For investments in privately-held companies, management’s assessment of fair value is based on valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flows, estimates of revenue and appraisals, as applicable. The Company consider and apply the assumptions that the Company believe market participants would use in evaluating estimated future cash flows when utilizing the discounted cash flow or estimates of revenue valuation methodologies. In the event the fair value of an investment declines below our cost basis, management determines if the decline in fair value is other than temporary and records an impairment accordingly.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s investment consist of a non-marketable investment in a privately held company incorporated in British Virgin Islands without readily determinable market values. The Company elected the measurement alternative under which the Company measured the investment at cost minus impairment with an adjustment to the changes from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the similar investments of the same issuer.
Management determined that the future undiscounted
cash flow was less than the carrying cost of the Company’s non-marketable investment and fully recognized an impairment charge of
$
The carrying value is measured as the total initial
cost minus impairment.
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Total initial cost | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cumulative net gain (loss) | ||||||||
| Provision for impairment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total carrying value | $ | $ | ||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not incur provision for impairment.
4. PREPAYMENT AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET
Other current assets mainly consist of the prepaid software development.
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Prepayment of NFT platform software development | ||||||||
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did provide for allowance for credit loss.
The amount of $
F-15
5. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES
Accrued expenses and other payables as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of:
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Payroll payables | $ | $ | ||||||
| Office rental | ||||||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| Total accrued expenses and other payables | $ | $ | ||||||
6. INCOME TAXES
NFT Ltd is incorporated in Cayman Islands. Takung Exchange Ltd is incorporated in Wyoming USA. Takung Digital Ltd is incorporated in New York. Metaverse HK were incorporated in Hong Kong S.A.R. People’s Republic of China and is subject to Hong Kong profits tax.
United States of America
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company in the United States
had $
Hong Kong
Two-tier Profits Tax Rates
The two-tier profits tax rates system was introduced
under the Inland Revenue (Amendment)(No.3) Ordinance 2018 (“the Ordinance”) of Hong Kong became effective for the assessment
year 2018/2019. Under the two-tier profit tax rates regime, the profits tax rate for the first HKD
The provision for deferred
taxes of Metaverse HK has been calculated by applying the new tax rate of
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s subsidiary in Hong Kong did not have any net operating loss carry forwards available to offset future taxable income, respectively.
F-16
The income tax expense/(credit) was $
The income tax provision consists of the following components:
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Current: | ||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| State | ||||||||||||
| Foreign | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total current income tax expenses/(credit), continuing operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Current income tax expenses, discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Total current | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| State | ||||||||||||
| Foreign | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred income tax expenses, continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax expenses, discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total income tax expense/(credit) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
A reconciliation between the Company’s actual provision for income taxes is as follow:
Continuing operations
The effective tax rate for the continuing operations was (
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| (Loss)/Profit before income tax expense | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Computed tax benefit with statutory tax rate | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Over provision of current taxation in respect of prior year | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Impact of different tax rates in other jurisdictions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Impact of preferred tax rate | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Changes in valuation allowance | ||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
Discontinued operations
The effective tax rate for the discontinued operations
was
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Loss before income tax expense | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
| Computed tax benefit with statutory tax rate | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Impact of different tax rates in other jurisdictions | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Effect of preferred tax rate | ||||||||||||
| Changes in valuation allowance | ||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-17
The approximate tax effects of temporary differences, which give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Continuing operations
| As of December 31, | As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Tax loss carried forward | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Deferred tax liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance and deferred tax liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
Discontinued operations
| As of December 31, | As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Tax loss carried forward | $ | $ | ||||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts | ||||||||
| PPE, due to difference in depreciation | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Deferred tax liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance and deferred tax liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
Uncertain tax positions
The Company files tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by the respective jurisdictions, where applicable. The statute of limitations for the tax returns varies by jurisdictions.
The amounts of uncertain tax liabilities listed above are based on the recognition and measurement criteria of ASC Topic 740, and the balance is presented as current liability in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company anticipated that the settlements with the taxing authority are remitted within one year.
Our policy is to include interest and penalty charges related to uncertain tax liabilities as necessary in the provision for income taxes. The Company has a liability for accrued interest of $ as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
F-18
The statute of limitations for the Internal Revenue
Services to assess the income tax returns on a taxpayer expires
In accordance with the Hong Kong profits tax regulations,
a tax assessment by the IRD may be initiated within
7. GAIN ON DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARIES
On November 1, 2022, pursuant to the disposition
agreement, Takung Art Co., Ltd., Hong Kong Takung Art Company Limited (“Hong Kong Takung”) and Hong Kong MQ Group Limited
(“Hong Kong MQ”, together with Hong Kong Takung, the “Targets”), the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries,
and Fecundity Capital Investment Co., Ltd. (the “Purchaser”), entered into a certain share purchase agreement (the “Disposition
SPA”). Pursuant to the Disposition SPA, the Purchaser agreed to purchase the Targets in exchange for cash consideration of $
Net assets of the entities disposed and loss on disposal was as follows
| Hong Kong Takung | Hong Kong MQ | Total | ||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Total net liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total consideration | ||||||||||||
| Total gain on disposal of subsidiaries | $ | |||||||||||
F-19
8. LEASES
The Company has operating leases for its office
facilities. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than
The operating lease expense, including one lease arrangements, for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:
| For the year ended |
For the year ended |
For the year ended |
||||||||||||
| Lease Cost | Classification | December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
December 31, 2023 |
||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | General and administrative expenses | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Operating lease cost-discontinued operations | General and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Capital Commitments
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had capital commitments.
Contingencies
As of December 31, 2025 and through the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 20-F, the Company does not have any other significant indemnification claims.
F-20
10. Warrant liabilities
On November 2, 2023, NFT Ltd issued
The Company determined that these warrants are free-standing financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the common stock included in the public share offering. Management also determined that the warrants are puttable for cash upon a fundamental transaction at the option of the holder and as such required classification as a liability pursuant to ASC 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”. The Company had no plans to consummate a fundamental transaction and did not believe a fundamental transaction was likely to occur during the remaining term of the outstanding warrants. In accordance with the accounting guidance, the outstanding warrants were recognized as a warrant liability on the balance sheet and are measured at their inception date fair value and subsequently re-measured at each reporting period with changes being recorded as a component of other income in the consolidated statement of income.
The fair value of the warrant liabilities presented below were measured using a BSM valuation model on December 31, 2024.
The November
Warrant holders exercised all of the November Warrants on a cashless basis on June 6,
2024, and the Company issued
The fair value of the warrant liabilities presented below were measured using a BSM valuation methodology. Significant inputs into the respective model at the inception, de-recognition and reporting period measurement dates are summarized as follows:
| Period Ended | Expiration Date | |||||
| Valuation Assumption | Issuance Date | Jun 6, 2024 | Nov 2, 2028 | |||
| Exercise Price | ||||||
| Warrant Expiration date | ||||||
| Stock Price | ||||||
| Interest Rate (Annual) | ||||||
| Volatility (Annual) | ||||||
| Time to Maturity (Years) | ||||||
| Calculated Value per Share |
Notes
| 1. | Exercise price Based on the terms provided in the warrant agreement to purchase common stock of NFT Ltd. dated November 2, 2023. |
| 2. | Warrant expiration date Based on the terms provided in the warrant agreement to purchase common stock of NFT Ltd. dated November 2, 2023. |
| 3. | Stock price Closed price quoted from NASDAQ https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/mi/historical |
| 4. | Interest rate per annual Interest rate for U.S. Treasury Bonds, as of each presented period ending date, as published by the U.S. Federal Reserve: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/pages/TextView.aspx?data=yieldYear&year=2020 |
| 5. | Volatility Based on the historical daily volatility of NFT Ltd as of each presented period ending date. |
| (1) | Exercise of warrants for gross proceeds of and a warrant liability fair market value of as of the exercise date. |
| (2) | Expiration of Warrants on November 2, 2028. |
| (3) | The warrant liabilities are considered Level 3 liabilities on the fair value hierarchy as the determination of fair value includes various assumptions about of future activities and the Company’s stock prices and historical volatility as inputs. |
F-21
| Warrant liabilities Fair value at initial measurement | Warrant outstanding | Fair value per share | Fair value | |||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||
| November 2, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
| Loss on change of fair value of warrant liabilities | - | - | ||||||||||
| Fair value as of period ended Dec 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Gain on change of fair value of warrant liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Fair value of period ended June 6, 2024 Cashless exercise of | ||||||||||||
| At reporting date on June 30, 2024 de-recognition of | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Fair value for the period ended June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| * |
Prior to the reverse stock
split on April 12, 2024, there were
On January 10, 2024, the Company entered into
certain securities purchase agreement (the “January SPA”) with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to
sell an aggregate of
The fair value of the warrant liabilities presented below were measured using a BSM valuation model. Significant inputs into the respective model at the inception and reporting period measurement dates are summarized as follows:
| Period Ended | Expiration Date | |||||
| Valuation Assumption | Issuance Date | July 9, 2024 | Nov 2, 2028 | |||
| Exercise Price | ||||||
| Warrant Expiration date | ||||||
| Stock Price | ||||||
| Interest Rate (Annual) | ||||||
| Volatility (Annual) | ||||||
| Time to Maturity (Years) | ||||||
| Calculated Value per Share |
Notes
| 1. | Exercise price Based on the terms provided in the warrant agreement to purchase common stock of NFT Ltd. dated February 2, 2024. |
| 2. | Warrant expiration date Based on the terms provided in the warrant agreement to purchase common stock of NFT Ltd. dated February 2, 2024. |
| 3. | Stock price Closed price quoted from NASDAQ https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/mi/historical |
| 4. | Interest rate per annual Interest rate for U.S. Treasury Bonds, as of each presented period ending date, as published by the U.S. Federal Reserve: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/pages/TextView.aspx?data=yieldYear&year=2024 |
| 5. | Volatility Based on the historical daily volatility of NFT Ltd as of each presented period ending date. |
| (1) | Exercise of warrants for gross proceeds of and a warrant liability fair market value of as of the exercise date. |
| (2) | Expiration of Warrants on February 2, 2029. |
| (3) | The warrant liabilities are considered Level 3 liabilities on the fair value hierarchy as the determination of fair value includes various assumptions about of future activities and the Company’s stock prices and historical volatility as inputs. |
F-22
| Warrant liabilities Fair value at initial measurement | Warrant outstanding | Fair value per share | Fair value | |||||||||
| February 2, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Loss on change of fair value of warrant liabilities | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||
| De-recognition due to cashless exercise on July 9, 2024 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Fair value as of period ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| * | All shares and per share data have been retroactively restated to reflect reverse stock split effected on April 12, 2024, onwards |
Prior to the reverse stock split on April 12,
2024, there were
11. NET PROFIT/LOSS PER SHARE
The computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net profit/(loss) per share is as follows:
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss)/profit-continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net loss – discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| Total net (loss)/profit | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding-Basic | ||||||||||||
| Stock options and restricted shares | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding-Diluted | ||||||||||||
| (Loss)/Earnings per share-continuing operations | ||||||||||||
| -Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| -Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Earnings per share-discontinued operations | ||||||||||||
| -Basic | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| -Diluted | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock.
As of December 31, 2025, there were no outstanding stock options and no other securities that would potentially be converted to additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential ordinary shares had been issued were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share.
F-23
12. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Share Options:
There was share options granted during the year of 2025 and no share options were forfeited nor exercised in the year ended December 31, 2025.
Shares Issued and Outstanding:
Convertible Notes
On May 6, 2025, NFT Limited, a Cayman Islands
exempted company (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with
certain non-affiliated investors identified therein (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company will issue unsecured
promissory notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $
The Notes bear a simple interest at a rate of
On June 3, 2025, the Company entered into a certain amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Purchase Agreement in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and the Investors agreed to (i) amend and restate the Notes (the “Amended and Restated Notes”) such that the Amended and Restated Notes shall become convertible and redeemable after one (1) month from the Purchase Price Date (as defined in the Notes), and (ii) provide registration rights under a registration statement on Form F-1 to the Investors for the Ordinary Shares issuable upon the conversion or redemption of the Amended and Restated Notes.
US$
13. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
The Company evaluated all events and transactions from December 31, 2025 up to report date, which is the date that these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued.
On February 26, 2026, the board of directors of
the Company approved and adopted the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2026 Plan”) to attract and retain employees, directors,
officers and consultants. Pursuant to the 2026 Plan, the Company reserved an aggregate of
In connection with the 2026 Plan, the Company also authorized the registration of the shares issuable under the plan on a Form S-8 registration statement.
The Company is in the process of implementing the 2026 Plan and assessing its potential financial impact.
On March 2026, NFT
Ltd utilized its Form F-3 registration to complete a registered direct offering, raising gross proceeds of approximately $
Subsequent to the extraordinary general
meeting held on April 17, 2026, the Company completed a share capital restructuring in accordance with Cayman Islands law, including
a reduction in par value and related reorganization measures. As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital was adjusted
to US$
In April 2026, due to the failure of the platform
software development, the Company entered into a termination agreement for the project and received a full refund of the prepayment for
software development in the amount of $
There are no further material subsequent events that require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements.
F-24
Exhibit 1.1
Third Amended and Restated
Memorandum of Association of
NFT Limited
(Adopted By Special Resolution Dated 17 April 2026 and Effective on 24 April 2026)
Grand Cayman
Cayman Islands
conyers.com
 | ||
| www.verify.gov.ky File#: 394393 | Filed: 27-Apr-2026 09:40 EST Auth Code: E65265723200 |
THE COMPANIES
ACT (AS REVISED)
EXEMPTED COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION
OF
NFT Limited
(Adopted By Special Resolution Dated 17 April 2026 and Effective on 24 April 2026)
| 1. | The name of the Company is NFT Limited. |
| 2. | The registered office of the Company shall be at the offices of Conyers Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1- 1111, Cayman Islands. |
| 3. | Subject to the following provisions of this Memorandum, the objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted. |
| 4. | Subject to the following provisions of this Memorandum, the Company shall have and be capable of exercising all the functions of a natural person of full capacity irrespective of any question of corporate benefit, as provided by Section 27(2) of the Companies Act. |
| 5. | Nothing in this Memorandum shall permit the Company to carry on a business for which a licence is required under the laws of the Cayman Islands unless duly licensed. |
| 6. | The Company shall not trade in the Cayman Islands with any person, firm or corporation except in furtherance of the business of the Company carried on outside the Cayman Islands; provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as to prevent the Company effecting and concluding contracts in the Cayman Islands, and exercising in the Cayman Islands all of its powers necessary for the carrying on of its business outside the Cayman Islands. |
| 7. | The liability of each member is limited to the amount from time to time unpaid on such member’s shares. |
| 8. | The share capital of the Company is US$5,000,000 divided into 9,000,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0005 each and 1,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0005 each. |
| 9. | The Company may exercise the power contained in the Companies Act to deregister in the Cayman Islands and be registered by way of continuation in another jurisdiction. |
| | ||
| www.verify.gov.ky File#: 394393 | Filed: 27-Apr-2026 09:40 EST Auth Code: E65265723200 |
Third Amended and Restated
Articles of Association of
NFT Limited
(Adopted By Special Resolution Dated 17 April 2026 and Effective on 24 April 2026)
Grand Cayman
Cayman Islands
conyers.com
| | ||
| www.verify.gov.ky File#: 394393 | Filed: 27-Apr-2026 09:40 EST Auth Code: E65265723200 |
NFT Limited
TABLE OF CONTENTS
interpretation
| 1. | DEFINITIONS | 1 | ||
| 2. | SHARE CAPITAL | 4 | ||
| 3. | SHARE RIGHTS | 5 | ||
| 4. | variation of rights | 5 | ||
| 5. | POWER TO ISSUE SHARES | 6 | ||
| 6. | SHARE CERTIFICATES | 7 | ||
| 7. | alteration of capital | 8 | ||
| 8. | register of members | 9 | ||
| 9. | RECORD DATES | 9 | ||
| 10. | TRANSFER OF SHARES | 10 | ||
| 11. | transmission of registered shares | 11 | ||
| 12. | Listed Shares | 11 | ||
| 13. | untraceable members | 11 | ||
| 14. | general meetings | 12 | ||
| 15. | NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETING | 13 | ||
| 16. | PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS | 13 | ||
| 17. | VOTING | 15 | ||
| 18. | PROXIES | 16 | ||
| 19. | CORPORATIONS ACTING BY REPRESENTATIVES | 17 | ||
| 20. | ACTING BY WRITTEN RESOLUTIONS OF MEMBERS | 18 | ||
| 21. | BOARD OF DIRECTORS | 18 | ||
| 22. | RETIREMENT OF DIRECTORS | 19 | ||
| 23. | DISQUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS | 19 | ||
| 24. | alternate DIRECTORS | 20 | ||
| 25. | DIRECTORS’ FEES AND EXPENSES | 20 | ||
| 26. | DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS | 21 | ||
| 27. | GENERAL POWERS OF THE DIRECTORS’ | 22 | ||
| 28. | BORROWING POWERS | 24 | ||
| 29. | proceedings of the directors | 24 | ||
| 30. | COMMITTEES | 25 | ||
| 31. | officers | 26 | ||
| 32. | MINUTES | 26 | ||
| 33. | SEAL | 27 | ||
| 34. | destruction of documents | 27 | ||
| 35. | DIVIDENDS AND OTHER PAYMENTS | 28 | ||
| 36. | RESERVES | 31 | ||
| 37. | CAPITALISATION | 32 | ||
| 38. | ACCOUNTING RECORDS | 32 | ||
| 40. | AUDIT | 33 | ||
| 41. | NOTICES | 34 | ||
| 42. | SIGNATURES | 35 | ||
| 43. | WINDING UP | 35 | ||
| 44. | INDEMNITY | 36 | ||
| 45. | AMENDMENT TO MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AND NAME OF COMPANY | 36 | ||
| 46. | INFORMATION | 36 | ||
| 47. | MERGERS AND CONSOLIDATIONS | 36 | ||
| 48. | TRANSFERS BY WAY OF CONTINUATION | 36 |
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NFT Limited
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
OF
NFT Limited
(Adopted By Special Resolution Dated 17 April 2026 and Effective on 24 April 2026)
Table A
The regulations in Table A in the First Schedule to the Act (as defined below) do not apply to the Company.
interpretation
| 1. | Definitions |
| 1.1. | In these Articles, the following words and expressions shall, where not inconsistent with the context, have the following meanings, respectively: |
| Act | the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands; | ||
| Affiliate | means with regard to a given Person, a Person that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the given Person. For purposes of this definition, except as otherwise expressly provided, when used with respect to any Person, “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; | ||
| Alternate Director | an alternate director appointed in accordance with these Articles; | ||
| Audit Committee | the audit committee of the Company formed by the Board pursuant to Article 30.1 hereof, or any successor audit committee; | ||
| Auditor | the independent auditor of the Company which shall be an internationally recognized firm of independent accountants; | ||
| Articles | these Articles of Association as altered, supplemented, amended or substituted from time to time; | ||
| Board | the board of directors (including, for the avoidance of doubt, a sole director) appointed or elected pursuant to these Articles and acting at a meeting of directors at which there is a quorum or by written resolution in accordance with these Articles; | ||
| capital | the share capital from time to time of the Company; | ||
| Class A Ordinary Shares | means the Class A Ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0005 each in the capital of the Company having the rights provided for in these Articles; | ||
| Class B Ordinary Shares | means the Class B Ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0005 each in the capital of the Company having the rights provided for in these Articles; | ||
| clear days | in relation to the period of a notice, that period excluding the day when the notice is given or deemed to be given and the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect; | ||
| Company | the company for which these Articles are approved and confirmed; |
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| Compensation Committee | the compensation committee of the Company formed by the Board pursuant to Article 30.1 hereof, or any successor audit committee; | ||
| competent regulatory | a competent regulatory authority in the territory; | ||
| Conversion Date | means the day on which that Conversion Notice is delivered; | ||
| Conversion Notice | means a written notice delivered to the Company (and as otherwise stated therein) stating that a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares elects to convert the number of Class B Ordinary Shares specified therein pursuant to Article 3; | ||
| Conversion Right | means the right of any holder of Class B Ordinary Shares, subject to the provisions of these Articles to convert all or any of its Class B Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares in its discretion; | ||
| debenture and debenture holder | include debenture stock and debenture stockholder respectively; | ||
| Designated Stock Exchange | the NYSE American; | ||
| Director | a director, including a sole director, for the time being of the Company and shall include an Alternate Director; | ||
| dollars and $ | dollars, the legal currency of the United States of America; | ||
| Exchange Act | the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; | ||
| Electronic, Electronic Record and Electronic Signature | as such term is defined in the Electronic Transactions Act (As Revised); | ||
| Electronic Transactions Act | means the Electronic Transactions Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands. | ||
| FINRA | Financial Industry Regulatory Authority; | ||
| FINRA Rules | the rules set forth by FINRA; | ||
| head office | such office of the Company as the Directors may from time to time determine to be the principal office of the Company; | ||
| Member | the person registered in the Register of Members as the holder of shares in the Company and, when two or more persons are so registered as joint holders of shares, means the person whose name stands first in the Register of Members as one of such joint holders or all of such persons, as the context so requires; | ||
| Memorandum | the memorandum of association of the Company in their present form or as supplemented or amended or substituted from time to time; | ||
| month | calendar month; | ||
| Nomination Committee | the nomination committee of the Company formed by the Board pursuant to Article 30.1 hereof, or any successor audit committee | ||
| Notice | written notice as further provided in these Articles unless otherwise specifically stated; | ||
| Office | the registered office of the Company for the time being; | ||
| Officer | any person appointed by the Board to hold an office in the Company; |
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| ordinary resolution | a resolution passed at a general meeting (or, if so specified, a meeting of Members holding a class of shares) of the Company by a simple majority of the votes cast, or a written resolution passed by the unanimous consent of all Members entitled to vote; | ||
| paid-up | paid-up or credited as paid-up; | ||
| Person | means an individual, a partnership, a company, an exempted company, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization, or other form of business organization, whether or not regarded as a legal entity under applicable law, or any Governmental Authority or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof; | ||
| Register | the principal register and where applicable, any branch register of Members of the Company to be maintained at such place within or outside the Cayman Islands as the Board shall determine from time to time; | ||
| Registration Office | in respect of any class of share capital such place as the Board may from time to time determine to keep a branch register of Members in respect of that class of share capital and where (except in cases where the Board otherwise directs) the transfers or other documents of title for such class of share capital are to be lodged for registration and are to be registered | ||
| Register of Directors and Officers | the register of directors and officers referred to in these Articles; | ||
| Register of Members | the register of members maintained by the Company in accordance with the Act; | ||
| Seal | the common seal or any official or duplicate seal of the Company; | ||
| SEC | the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; | ||
| Secretary | the person appointed to perform any or all of the duties of secretary of the Company and includes any deputy or assistant secretary and any person appointed by the Board to perform any of the duties of the Secretary; | ||
| Share and Shares | a share or shares of any class or series in the share capital of the Company and includes a fraction of a share; | ||
| Special Resolution | (i) a resolution passed by a majority of at least two-thirds of such members as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at a general meeting of which notice specifying the intention to propose a resolution as a special resolution has been duly given (and for the avoidance of doubt, unanimity qualifies as a majority); or
(ii) a written resolution passed by unanimous consent of all Members entitled to vote; | ||
| Statutes | the Act and every other law of the Legislature of the Cayman Islands for the time being in force applying to or affecting the Company, its Memorandum of Association and/or these Articles; | ||
| written resolution | a resolution passed in accordance with these Articles; and | ||
| year | calendar year. |
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| 1.2. | In these Articles, where not inconsistent with the context: |
| (a) | words denoting the plural number include the singular number and vice versa; |
| (b) | words denoting the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter genders; |
| (c) | words importing persons include companies, associations or bodies of persons whether corporate or not; |
| (d) | the words:- |
| (i) | “may” shall be construed as permissive; and |
| (ii) | “shall” shall be construed as imperative; |
| (e) | a reference to statutory provision shall be deemed to include any amendment or re-enactment thereof; |
| (f) | the word “corporation” means corporation whether or not a company within the meaning of the Act; and |
| (g) | unless otherwise provided herein, words or expressions defined in the Act shall bear the same meaning in these Articles. |
| 1.3. | In these Articles expressions referring to writing or its cognates shall, unless the contrary intention appears, include facsimile, printing, lithography, photography, electronic mail and other modes of representing words in visible form. |
| 1.4. | Headings used in these Articles are for convenience only and are not to be used or relied upon in the construction hereof. |
| 1.5. | References to a document being executed include references to it being executed under hand or under seal or by Electronic Signature or by any other method and references to a notice or document include a notice or document recorded or stored in any digital, electronic, electrical, magnetic or other retrievable form or medium and information in visible form whether having physical substance or not. |
| 2. | share capital |
| 2.1. | The share capital of the Company at the date on which these Articles come into effect shall be as stated in clause 8 of the Memorandum. |
| 2.2. | Subject to the Act, the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association and, where applicable, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange and/or any competent regulatory authority, the Company shall have the power to purchase or otherwise acquire its own shares and such power shall be exercisable by the Board in such manner, upon such terms and subject to such conditions as it in its absolute discretion thinks fit and any determination by the Board of the manner of purchase shall be deemed authorised by these Articles for purposes of the Act. |
| 2.3. | No share shall be issued to bearer. |
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| 3. | share rights |
| 3.1. | Subject to the provisions of the Act, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association and to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or class of shares, and without prejudice to Article 5 hereof, the share capital of the Company shall be divided into Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares with the following rights and restrictions attaching: |
| 3.2. | Class A Ordinary Shares. The Class A Ordinary Shares shall have the following rights: |
| (a) | be entitled to one (1) vote per share and to receive notice of, attend at and vote as a Member at any general meeting of the Company; |
| (b) | be entitled to such dividends as the Board may from time to time declare; |
| (c) | in the event of a winding-up or dissolution of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or for the purpose of a reorganisation or otherwise or upon any distribution of capital, after payment first of the nominal amount and any share premium paid up on the Class A Ordinary Shares and after payment second of the nominal amount and any share premium paid up on any other class of shares in issue, the remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed pari passu to the holders of the Class A Ordinary Shares; and |
| (d) | generally be entitled to enjoy all of the rights attaching to shares. |
| 3.3. | Class B Ordinary Shares. The Class B Ordinary Shares shall have the following rights: |
| (a) | be entitled to twenty (20) votes per share and to receive notice of, attend at and vote as a Member at any general meeting of the Company; |
| (b) | be entitled to such dividends as the Board may from time to time declare; |
| (c) | in the event of a winding-up or dissolution of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or for the purpose of a reorganisation or otherwise or upon any distribution of capital, after payment first of the nominal amount and any share premium paid up on the Class B Ordinary Shares and after payment second of the nominal amount and any share premium paid up on any other class of shares in issue, the remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed pari passu to the holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares; |
| (d) | generally be entitled to enjoy all of the rights attaching to shares. |
| 4. | variation of rights |
| 4.1. | Subject to the Act and without prejudice to Article 3, all or any of the special rights for the time being attached to the shares or any class of shares may, unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, from time to time (whether or not the Company is being wound up) be varied, modified or abrogated with the sanction of a Special Resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. To every such separate general meeting all the provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings of the Company shall, mutatis mutandis, apply, but so that: |
| (a) | the necessary quorum (whether at a separate general meeting or at its adjourned meeting) shall be a person or persons or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) its duly authorized representative together holding or representing by proxy not less than one third in nominal value of the issued voting shares of that class; |
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| (b) | every holder of shares of the class shall be entitled on a poll to one vote for every such share held by him; and |
| (c) | any holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy or authorised representative may demand a poll. |
| 4.2. | The special rights conferred upon the holders of any shares or class of shares shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of such shares, be deemed to be varied, modified or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith. |
| 5. | POWER TO ISSUE SHARES |
| 5.1. | Subject to the Act, these Articles and, where applicable, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange and without prejudice to any special rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any shares or any class of shares, the unissued shares of the Company (whether forming part of the original or any increased capital) shall be at the disposal of the Board, which may offer, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, at such times and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as the Board may in its absolute discretion determine but so that no shares shall be issued at a discount, except in accordance with the provisions of Act. In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Board is hereby empowered to authorize by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred shares and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, the number of shares constituting each such class or series, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges, voting powers, full or limited or no voting powers, and liquidation preferences, and to increase or decrease the size of any such class or series (but not below the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares then outstanding) to the extent permitted by Act. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of any class or series of preferred shares may, to the extent permitted by law, provide that such class or series shall be superior to, rank equally with or be junior to the preferred shares of any other class or series. |
| 5.2. | Neither the Company nor the Board shall be obliged, when making or granting any allotment of, offer of, option over or disposal of shares, to make, or make available, any such allotment, offer, option or shares to Members or others with registered addresses in any particular territory or territories being a territory or territories where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, this would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be, or be deemed to be, a separate class of members for any purpose whatsoever. |
| 5.3. | The Board may issue options, warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for, purchase or receive any class of shares or securities in the capital of the Company on such terms as it may from time to time determine. |
| 5.4. | The Company may in connection with the issue of any shares exercise all powers of paying commission and brokerage conferred or permitted by the Act. Subject to the Act, the commission may be satisfied by the payment of cash or by the allotment of fully or partly paid shares or partly in one and partly in the other. |
| 5.5. | Except as required by law, no person shall be recognised by the Company as holding any share upon any trust and the Company shall not be bound by or required in any way to recognise (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or any fractional part of a share or (except only as otherwise provided by these Articles or by law) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder. |
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| 5.6. | Subject to the Act and these Articles, the Board may at any time after the allotment of shares but before any person has been entered in the Register as the holder, recognise a renunciation thereof by the allottee in favour of some other person and may accord to any allottee of a share a right to effect such renunciation upon and subject to such terms and conditions as the Board considers fit to impose |
| 6. | SHARE CERTIFICATES |
| 6.1. | If shares are issued in the form of a physical share certificate, every share certificate shall be issued under the Seal or a facsimile thereof or with the Seal printed thereon and shall specify the number and class and distinguishing numbers (if any) of the shares to which it relates, and the amount paid up thereon and may otherwise be in such form as the Directors may from time to time determine. No certificate shall be issued representing shares of more than one class. The Board may by resolution determine, either generally or in any particular case or cases, that any signatures on any such certificates (or certificates in respect of other securities) need not be autographic but may be affixed to such certificates by some mechanical means or may be printed thereon. Alternatively, shares may be issued via book entry form evidenced by a Statement of Account duly maintained and recorded by the Company’s transfer agent. |
| 6.2. | In the case of a share held jointly by several persons, the Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate therefor and delivery of a certificate to one of several joint holders shall be sufficient delivery to all such holders. |
| 6.3. | Where a share stands in the names of two or more persons, the person first named in the Register shall as regards service of notices and, subject to the provisions of these Articles, all or any other matters connected with the Company, except the transfer of the shares, be deemed the sole holder thereof. |
| 6.4. | Every person whose name is entered, upon an allotment of shares, as a Member in the Register shall be entitled, upon payment of such fee as the Directors may from time to time determine, to receive one certificate for all such shares of any one class or several certificates each for one or more of such shares of such class upon payment for every certificate of such fee as the Directors may from time to time determine. |
| 6.5. | Where applicable, share certificates shall be issued within the relevant time limit as prescribed by the Act or as the Designated Stock Exchange may from time to time determine, whichever is the shorter, after allotment or, except in the case of a transfer which the Company is for the time being entitled to refuse to register and does not register, after lodgment of a transfer with the Company. |
| 6.6. | Upon every transfer of shares the certificate (if any) held by the transferor shall be given up to be cancelled, and shall forthwith be cancelled accordingly, and, subject to Article 6.4, a new certificate shall be issued to the transferee in respect of the shares transferred to him. If any of the shares included in the certificate so given up shall be retained by the transferor a new certificate for the balance shall be issued to him at the aforesaid fee payable by the transferor to the Company in respect thereof. |
| 6.7. | If a share certificate shall be damaged or defaced or alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed a new certificate representing the same shares may be issued to the relevant Member upon request and on payment of such fee as the Company may determine and, subject to compliance with such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and to payment of the costs and reasonable out of pocket expenses of the Company in investigating such evidence and preparing such indemnity as the Board may think fit and, in case of damage or defacement, on delivery of the old certificate to the Company provided always that where share warrants have been issued, no new share warrant shall be issued to replace one that has been lost unless the Board has determined that the original has been destroyed. |
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| 7. | alteration of capital |
| 7.1. | Subject to the Act, the Company may from time to time by ordinary resolution alter the conditions of its Memorandum of Association to: |
| (a) | increase its capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amounts, as the resolution shall prescribe; |
| (b) | consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares; |
| (c) | without prejudice to the powers of the Board under Article 5, divide its shares into several classes and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of existing shares attach thereto respectively any preferential, deferred, qualified or special rights, privileges, conditions or such restrictions which in the absence of any such determination by the Company in general meeting, as the Directors may determine provided always that, for the avoidance of doubt, where a class of shares has been authorized by the Company no resolution of the Company in general meeting is required for the issuance of shares of that class and the Directors may issue shares of that class and determine such rights, privileges, conditions or restrictions attaching thereto as aforesaid, and further provided that where the Company issues shares which do not carry voting rights, the words “non voting” shall appear in the designation of such shares and where the equity capital includes shares with different voting rights, the designation of each class of shares, other than those with the most favourable voting rights, must include the words “restricted voting” or “limited voting”; |
| (d) | subdivide its shares, or any of them, into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Company’s Memorandum of Association (subject, nevertheless, to the Act), and may by such resolution determine that, as between the holders of the shares resulting from such subdivision, one or more of the shares may have any such preferred, deferred or other rights or be subject to any such restrictions as compared with the other or others as the Company has power to attach to unissued or new shares; and |
| (e) | cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken, or agreed to be taken, by any person, and diminish the amount of its capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled or, in the case of shares, without par value, diminish the number of shares into which its capital is divided. |
| 7.2. | The Board may settle as it considers expedient any difficulty which arises in relation to any consolidation and division under the last preceding Article and in particular but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares or arrange for the sale of the shares representing fractions and the distribution of the net proceeds of sale (after deduction of the expenses of such sale) in due proportion amongst the Members who would have been entitled to the fractions, and for this purpose the Board may authorise some person to transfer the shares representing fractions to their purchaser or resolve that such net proceeds be paid to the Company for the Company’s benefit. Such purchaser will not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor will his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale. |
| 7.3. | The Company may from time to time by Special Resolution, subject to any confirmation or consent required by the Act, reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve or other undistributable reserve in any manner permitted by law. |
| 7.4. | Except so far as otherwise provided by the conditions of issue, or by these Articles, any capital raised by the creation of new shares shall be treated as if it formed part of the original capital of the Company, and such shares shall be subject to the provisions contained in these Articles |
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| 8. | register of members |
| 8.1. | The Company shall cause to be kept in one or more books a Register of Members which may be kept in or outside the Cayman Islands at such place as the Board shall appoint and shall enter therein the following particulars: |
| (a) | the name and address of each Member, the number, and (where appropriate) the class of shares held by such Member and the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid on such shares; |
| (b) | whether the shares held by a Member carry voting rights under the Articles and, if so, whether such voting rights are conditional; |
| (c) | the date on which each person was entered in the Register of Members; and |
| (d) | the date on which any person ceased to be a Member. |
| 8.2. | The Company may cause to be kept in any country or territory one or more branch registers of such category or categories of members as the Board may determine from time to time and any branch register shall be deemed to be part of the Company’s Register of Members. |
| 8.3. | Any register maintained by the Company in respect of listed shares may be kept by recording the particulars set out in Article 8.1 in a form otherwise than legible if such recording otherwise complies with the laws applicable to and the rules and regulations of the relevant approved stock exchange. |
| 8.4. | The Register and branch register of Members, as the case may be, shall be open to inspection for such times and on such days as the Board shall determine by Members without charge or by any other person, upon a maximum payment of $2.50 or such other sum specified by the Board, at the Office or Registration Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Act. The Register including any overseas or local or other branch register of Members may, subject to compliance with any notice requirement of the Designated Stock Exchange, be closed at such times or for such periods not exceeding in the whole thirty (30) days in each year as the Board may determine and either generally or in respect of any class of shares. |
| 9. | RECORD DATES |
| 9.1. | For the purpose of determining the Members entitled to notice of or to vote at any general meeting, or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of shares or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for any such determination of Members, which date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other such action. |
| 9.2. | If the Board does not fix a record date for any general meeting, the record date for determining the Members entitled to a notice of or to vote at such meeting shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if in accordance with these Articles notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. If corporate action without a general meeting is to be taken, the record date for determining the Members entitled to express consent to such corporate action in writing, when no prior action by the Board is necessary, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Company by delivery to its head office. The record date for determining the Members for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto. |
| 9.3. | A determination of the Members of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the Members shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. |
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| 10. | TRANSFER OF SHARES |
| 10.1. | Subject to these Articles and the requirements of the Designated Stock Exchange, any Member may transfer all or any of his shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the Designated Stock Exchange or in any other form approved by the Board and may be under hand or, if the transferor or transferee is a clearing house or a central depository house or its nominee(s), by hand or by machine imprinted signature or by Electronic Signature or by such other manner of execution as the Board may approve from time to time. |
| 10.2. | The instrument of transfer shall be executed by or on behalf of the transferor and the transferee provided that the Board may dispense with the execution of the instrument of transfer by the transferee in any case which it thinks fit in its discretion to do so. Without prejudice to the last preceding Article, the Board may also resolve, either generally or in any particular case, upon request by either the transferor or transferee, to accept mechanically executed transfers. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register in respect thereof. Nothing in these Articles shall preclude the Board from recognising a renunciation of the allotment or provisional allotment of any share by the allottee in favour of some other person. |
| 10.3. | The Board may, in its absolute discretion, and without giving any reason therefor, refuse to register a transfer of any share made in accordance with Article 10.2 but only where such share is not a fully paid up share (and being transferred to a person of whom it does not approve), or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees or pursuant to any other agreement, contract or other such arrangement, upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists, and it may also, without prejudice to the foregoing generality, refuse to register a transfer of any share to more than four joint holders. |
| 10.4. | The Board in so far as permitted by any applicable law may, in its absolute discretion, at any time and from time to time transfer any share upon the Register to any branch register or any share on any branch register to the Register or any other branch register. In the event of any such transfer, the shareholder requesting such transfer shall bear the cost of effecting the transfer unless the Board otherwise determines. |
| 10.5. | Unless the Board otherwise agrees (which agreement may be on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board in its absolute discretion may from time to time determine, and which agreement the Board shall, without giving any reason therefore, be entitled in its absolute discretion to give or withhold), no shares upon the Register shall be transferred to any branch register nor shall shares on any branch register be transferred to the Register or any other branch register and all transfers and other documents of title shall be lodged for registration, and registered, in the case of any shares on a branch register, at the relevant Registration Office, and, in the case of any shares on the Register, at the Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Act. |
| 10.6. | Without limiting the generality of the last preceding Article, the Board may decline to recognise any instrument of transfer unless: |
| (a) | a fee of such maximum sum as the Designated Stock Exchange may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as the Board may from time to time require is paid to the Company in respect thereof; |
| (b) | the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of share; |
| (c) | the instrument of transfer is lodged at the Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Act or the Registration Office (as the case may be) accompanied by the relevant share certificate(s) and such other evidence as the Board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer (and, if the instrument of transfer is executed by some other person on his behalf, the authority of that person so to do); |
| (d) | if applicable, the instrument of transfer is duly and properly stamped; and |
| (e) | the transfer is not to more than four joint holders; |
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| 10.7. | If the Board refuses to register a transfer of any share, it shall, within one month after the date on which the transfer was lodged with the Company, send to each of the transferor and transferee notice of the refusal. |
| 10.8. | The registration of transfers of shares or of any class of shares may, on fourteen (14) days’ calendar notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as the Board may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than thirty (30) calendar days in any year. |
| 11. | transmission of registered shares |
| 11.1. | In the case of the death of a Member, the survivor or survivors where the deceased Member was a joint holder, and the legal personal representatives of the deceased Member where the deceased Member was a sole holder, shall be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to the deceased Member’s interest in the shares. Nothing herein contained shall release the estate of a deceased joint holder from any liability in respect of any share which had been jointly held by such deceased Member with other persons. Subject to the provisions of Section 39 of the Act, for the purpose of this Article, legal personal representative means the executor or administrator of a deceased Member or such other person as the Board may, in its absolute discretion, decide as being properly authorised to deal with the shares of a deceased Member. |
| 11.2. | Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of any Member may be registered as a Member upon such evidence as the Board may deem sufficient or may elect to nominate some person to be registered as a transferee of such share. If he elects to become the holder he shall notify the Company in writing either at the Registration Office or Office, as the case may be, to that effect. If he elects to have another person registered he shall execute a transfer of the share in favour of that person. The provisions of these Articles relating to the transfer and registration of transfers of shares shall apply to such notice or transfer as aforesaid as if the death or bankruptcy of the Member had not occurred and the notice or transfer were a transfer signed by such Member. |
| 11.3. | A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or bankruptcy or winding-up of a Member shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the share. However, the Board may, if it thinks fit, withhold the payment of any dividend payable or other advantages in respect of such share until such person shall become the registered holder of the share or shall have effectually transferred such share, but, subject to the requirements of Article 17.12 being met, such a person may vote at meetings. |
| 12. | Listed Shares |
| 12.1. | Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Articles, shares that are listed or admitted to trading on an approved stock exchange may be evidenced and transferred in accordance with the rules and regulations of such exchange. |
| 13. | untraceable members |
| 13.1. | Without prejudice to the rights of the Company under Article 13.2, the Company may cease sending cheques for dividend entitlements or dividend warrants by post if such cheques or warrants have been left uncashed on two consecutive occasions. However, the Company may exercise the power to cease sending cheques for dividend entitlements or dividend warrants after the first occasion on which such a cheque or warrant is returned undelivered. |
| 13.2. | The Company shall have the power to sell, in such manner as the Board thinks fit, any shares of a Member who is untraceable, but no such sale shall be made unless: |
| (a) | all cheques or warrants in respect of dividends of the shares in question, being not less than three in total number, for any sum payable in cash to the holder of such shares in respect of them sent during the relevant period in the manner authorised by the Articles have remained uncashed; |
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| (b) | so far as it is aware at the end of the relevant period, the Company has not at any time during the relevant period received any indication of the existence of the Member who is the holder of such shares or of a person entitled to such shares by death, bankruptcy or operation of law; and |
| (c) | the Company, if so required by the rules governing the listing of shares on the Designated Stock Exchange, has given notice to, and caused advertisement in newspapers to be made in accordance with the requirements of, the Designated Stock Exchange of its intention to sell such shares in the manner required by the Designated Stock Exchange, and a period of three (3) months or such shorter period as may be allowed by the Designated Stock Exchange has elapsed since the date of such advertisement. |
For the purpose of the foregoing, the “relevant period” means the period commencing twelve (12) years before the date of publication of the advertisement referred to in paragraph (c) of this Article and ending at the expiry of the period referred to in that paragraph.
| 13.3. | To give effect to any such sale the Board may authorise some person to transfer the said shares and an instrument of transfer signed or otherwise executed by or on behalf of such person shall be as effective as if it had been executed by the registered holder or the person entitled by transmission to such shares, and the purchaser shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale. The net proceeds of the sale will belong to the Company and upon receipt by the Company of such net proceeds it shall become indebted to the former Member for an amount equal to such net proceeds. No trust shall be created in respect of such debt and no interest shall be payable in respect of it and the Company shall not be required to account for any money earned from the net proceeds which may be employed in the business of the Company or as it thinks fit. Any sale under this Article 13 shall be valid and effective notwithstanding that the Member holding the shares sold is dead, bankrupt or otherwise under any legal disability or incapacity. |
| 14. | general meetings |
| 14.1. | An annual general meeting of the Company shall be held in each year other than the year in which these Articles were adopted at such time and place as may be determined by the Board. |
| 14.2. | Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be called an extraordinary general meeting. Extraordinary general meetings may be held at such times and in any location in the world as may be determined by the Board. To the extent that Members hold in aggregate less than thirty percent (30%) of the outstanding voting shares in the Company, they cannot: |
| (a) | Call general meetings or annual general meetings; and |
| (b) | Include matters for consideration at shareholder meetings. |
| 14.3. | Only a majority of the Board may call extraordinary general meetings, which extraordinary general meetings shall be held at such times and locations (as permitted hereby) as such person or persons shall determine. |
| 14.4. | The Board shall, on the requisition of Members holding at the date of the deposit of the requisition not less than one-tenth of such of the paid-up share capital of the Company as at the date of the deposit carries the right to vote at general meetings, forthwith proceed to convene an extraordinary general meeting. To be effective the requisition shall state the objects of the meeting, shall be in writing, signed by the requisitionists, and shall be deposited at the registered office. The requisition may consist of several documents in like form each signed by one or more requisitionists. |
| 14.5. | If the Board does not, within twenty-one days from the date of the requisition, duly proceed to call an extraordinary general meeting, the requisitionists, or any of them representing more than one half of the total voting rights of all of them, may themselves convene an extraordinary general meeting; but any meeting so called shall not be held more than ninety days after the requisition. An extraordinary general meeting called by requisitionists shall be called in the same manner, as nearly as possible, as that in which general meetings are to be called by the Board. |
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| 15. | NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETING |
| 15.1. | Any general meeting (whether an annual general meeting or an extraordinary general meeting) may be called by not less than (i) ten (10) clear days’ Notice in the case of an annual general meeting or (ii) fourteen (14) clear days’ Notice in the case of an extraordinary general meeting, save that any such annual or extraordinary general meeting may be called by shorter notice, subject to the Act, if it is so agreed: |
| (a) | in the case of a meeting called as an annual general meeting, by all the Members entitled to attend and vote thereat; and |
| (b) | in the case of any other meeting, by a majority in number of the Members having the right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than ninety five per cent. (95%) in nominal value of the issued shares giving that right. |
| 15.2. | The Notice shall specify the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of special business, the general nature of the business to be conducted and further, in the case of any matter for which approval by Special Resolution shall be required, the intention to propose such a Special Resolution. The Notice convening an annual general meeting shall specify the meeting as such. Notice of every general meeting shall be given to all Members other than to such Members as, under the provisions of these Articles or the terms of issue of the shares they hold, are not entitled to receive such notices from the Company, to all persons entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or winding up of a Member and to each of the Directors and the Auditors. |
| 15.3. | A Member may give notice to the Company of business proposed to be brought before an annual general meeting provided that such notice of proposal of business must be delivered to, or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Company not less than ninety (90) days and not more than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual general meeting; provided, however, that if the date of the annual general meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, such notice by the Member, to be timely, must be so delivered, or so mailed and received, not later than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual general meeting or, if later, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which “public disclosure” of the date of such meeting was first made by the Company (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”). In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual general meeting, or the announcement thereof, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of Timely Notice as described above. For purposes of these Articles, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or publicly filed according to applicable law. |
| 15.4. | The accidental omission to give Notice of a meeting or (in cases where instruments of proxy are sent out with the Notice) to send such instrument of proxy to, or the non receipt of such Notice or such instrument of proxy by, any person entitled to receive such Notice shall not invalidate any resolution passed or the proceedings at that meeting. |
| 16. | PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS |
| 16.1. | All business shall be deemed special that is transacted at an extraordinary general meeting, and also all business that is transacted at an annual general meeting, with the exception of: |
| (a) | the declaration and sanctioning of dividends; |
| (b) | consideration and adoption of the accounts and balance sheet and the reports of the Directors and Auditors and other documents required to be annexed to the balance sheet; |
| (c) | the election of Directors; |
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| (d) | appointment of Auditors (where special notice of the intention for such appointment is not required by the Act) and other officers; and |
| (e) | the fixing of the remuneration of the Auditors, and the voting of remuneration or extra remuneration to the Directors. |
| 16.2. | No business other than the appointment of a chairman of a meeting shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present at the commencement of the business. At any general meeting of the Company, one (1) Member entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative representing not less than one-third in nominal value of the total issued voting shares in the Company throughout the meeting shall form a quorum for all purposes. |
| 16.3. | If within fifteen (15) minutes from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of shareholders, shall be cancelled. In any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same time and place seven days or to such other time or place as is determined by the Directors. If at such adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for holding the meeting, the meeting shall be dissolved. The Chairman may, with the consent of a meeting at which a quorum is present, adjourn the meeting. When a meeting is adjourned for seven (7) days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given in accordance with the articles. |
| 16.4. | The chairman of the Board shall preside as chairman at every general meeting. If at any meeting the chairman is not present within fifteen (15) minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, or is not willing to act as chairman, the Directors present shall choose one of their number to act, or if one Director only is present he shall preside as chairman if willing to act. If no Director is present, or if each of the Directors present declines to take the chair, or if the chairman chosen shall retire from the chair, the Members present in person or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative or by proxy and entitled to vote shall elect one of their number to be chairman. |
| 16.5. | The chairman may adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business which might lawfully have been transacted at the meeting had the adjournment not taken place. When a meeting is adjourned for fourteen (14) days or more, at least seven (7) clear days’ notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given specifying the time and place of the adjourned meeting but it shall not be necessary to specify in such notice the nature of the business to be transacted at the adjourned meeting and the general nature of the business to be transacted. Save as aforesaid, it shall be unnecessary to give notice of an adjournment. |
| 16.6. | If an amendment is proposed to any resolution under consideration but is in good faith ruled out of order by the chairman of the meeting, the proceedings on the substantive resolution shall not be invalidated by any error in such ruling. In the case of a resolution duly proposed as a Special Resolution, no amendment thereto (other than a mere clerical amendment to correct a patent error) may in any event be considered or voted upon. |
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| 17. | VOTING |
| 17.1. | Subject to any special rights or restrictions as to voting for the time being attached to any shares by or in accordance with these Articles (including without limitation any enhanced voting rights as may be provided for in Article 3), at any general meeting on a show of hands every holder of Class A Ordinary Shares present in person (or being a corporation, is present by a duly authorised representative), or by proxy shall have one (1) vote and every holder of Class B Ordinary Shares present in person (or being a corporation, is present by a duly authorised representative), or by proxy shall have twenty (20) votes per share; and on a poll every Member present in person or by proxy or, in the case of a Member being a corporation, by its duly authorised representative shall have one (1) vote in the case of holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and twenty (20) votes in the case of holders of Class B Ordinary Shares for every share of which he is the holder, but so that no amount paid up or credited as paid up on a share in advance of calls or instalments is treated for the foregoing purposes as paid up on the share. Notwithstanding anything contained in these Articles, where more than one proxy is appointed by a Member which is a clearing house or a central depository house (or its nominee(s)), each such proxy shall have one vote on a show of hands. A resolution put to the vote of a meeting shall be decided on a show of hands unless (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands or on the withdrawal of any other demand for a poll) a poll is demanded: |
| (a) | by the chairman of such meeting; or |
| (b) | by at least three Members present in person or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative or by proxy for the time being entitled to vote at the meeting; or |
| (c) | by a Member or Members present in person or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative or by proxy and representing not less than one tenth of the total voting rights of all Members having the right to vote at the meeting; or |
| (d) | by a Member or Members present in person or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative or by proxy and holding shares in the Company conferring a right to vote at the meeting being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than one tenth of the total sum paid up on all shares conferring that right; or |
| (e) | if required by the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, by any Director or Directors who, individually or collectively, hold proxies in respect of shares representing five per cent. (5%) or more of the total voting rights at such meeting. |
A demand by a person as proxy for a Member or in the case of a Member being a corporation by its duly authorised representative shall be deemed to be the same as a demand by a Member.
| 17.2. | Unless a poll is duly demanded and the demand is not withdrawn, a declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried, or carried unanimously, or by a particular majority, or not carried by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that effect made in the minute book of the Company, shall be conclusive evidence of the facts without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded for or against the resolution. |
| 17.3. | If a poll is duly demanded the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded. There shall be no requirement for the chairman to disclose the voting figures on a poll. |
| 17.4. | A poll demanded on the election of a chairman, or on a question of adjournment, shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken in such manner (including the use of ballot or voting papers or tickets) and either forthwith or at such time (being not later than thirty (30) days after the date of the demand) and place as the chairman directs. It shall not be necessary (unless the chairman otherwise directs) for notice to be given of a poll not taken immediately. |
| 17.5. | The demand for a poll shall not prevent the continuance of a meeting or the transaction of any business other than the question on which the poll has been demanded, and, with the consent of the chairman, it may be withdrawn at any time before the close of the meeting or the taking of the poll, whichever is the earlier. |
| 17.6. | On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy. |
| 17.7. | A person entitled to more than one vote on a poll need not use all his votes or cast all the votes he uses in the same way. |
| 17.8. | All questions submitted to a meeting shall be decided by a simple majority of votes except where a greater majority is required by these Articles or by the Act. In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of such meeting shall be entitled to a second or casting vote in addition to any other vote he may have. |
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| 17.9. | Where there are joint holders of any share any one of such joint holders may vote, either in person or by proxy, in respect of such share as if he were solely entitled thereto, but if more than one of such joint holders be present at any meeting the vote of the senior holder who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the Register in respect of the joint holding. Several executors or administrators of a deceased Member in whose name any share stands shall for the purposes of this Article be deemed joint holders thereof. |
| 17.10. | A Member who is a patient for any purpose relating to mental health or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court having jurisdiction for the protection or management of the affairs of persons incapable of managing their own affairs may vote, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, by his receiver, committee, curator bonis or other person in the nature of a receiver, committee or curator bonis appointed by such court, and such receiver, committee, curator bonis or other person may vote on a poll by proxy, and may otherwise act and be treated as if he were the registered holder of such shares for the purposes of general meetings, provided that such evidence as the Board may require of the authority of the person claiming to vote shall have been deposited at the Office, head office or Registration Office, as appropriate, not less than forty eight (48) hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting, or adjourned meeting or poll, as the case may be. |
| 17.11. | Any person entitled under Article 17.9 to be registered as the holder of any shares may vote at any general meeting in respect thereof in the same manner as if he were the registered holder of such shares, provided that forty eight (48) hours at least before the time of the holding of the meeting or adjourned meeting, as the case may be, at which he proposes to vote, he shall satisfy the Board of his entitlement to such shares, or the Board shall have previously admitted his right to vote at such meeting in respect thereof. |
| 17.12. | No Member shall, unless the Board otherwise determines, be entitled to attend and vote and to be reckoned in a quorum at any general meeting unless he is duly registered and all calls or other sums presently payable by him in respect of shares in the Company have been paid. |
| 17.13. | If: |
| (a) | any objection shall be raised to the qualification of any voter; or |
| (b) | any votes have been counted which ought not to have been counted or which might have been rejected; or |
| (c) | any votes are not counted which ought to have been counted; |
the objection or error shall not vitiate the decision of the meeting or adjourned meeting on any resolution unless the same is raised or pointed out at the meeting or, as the case may be, the adjourned meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered or at which the error occurs. Any objection or error shall be referred to the chairman of the meeting and shall only vitiate the decision of the meeting on any resolution if the chairman decides that the same may have affected the decision of the meeting. The decision of the chairman on such matters shall be final and conclusive.
| 18. | PROXIES |
| 18.1. | Any Member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting of the Company shall be entitled to appoint another person as his proxy to attend and vote instead of him. A Member who is the holder of two or more shares may appoint more than one proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf at a general meeting of the Company or at a class meeting. A proxy need not be a Member. In addition, a proxy or proxies representing either a Member who is an individual or a Member which is a corporation shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the Member which he or they represent as such Member could exercise. |
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| 18.2. | The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointor or of his attorney duly authorised in writing or, if the appointor is a corporation, either under its seal or under the hand of an officer, attorney or other person authorised to sign the same. In the case of an instrument of proxy purporting to be signed on behalf of a corporation by an officer thereof it shall be assumed, unless the contrary appears, that such officer was duly authorised to sign such instrument of proxy on behalf of the corporation without further evidence of the facts. |
| 18.3. | The instrument appointing a proxy and (if required by the Board) the power of attorney or other authority (if any) under which it is signed, or a certified copy of such power or authority, shall be delivered to such place or one of such places (if any) as may be specified for that purpose in or by way of note to or in any document accompanying the notice convening the meeting (or, if no place is so specified at the Registration Office or the Office, as may be appropriate) not less than forty eight (48) hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote or, in the case of a poll taken subsequently to the date of a meeting or adjourned meeting, not less than twenty four (24) hours before the time appointed for the taking of the poll and in default the instrument of proxy shall not be treated as valid. No instrument appointing a proxy shall be valid after the expiration of twelve (12) months from the date named in it as the date of its execution, except at an adjourned meeting or on a poll demanded at a meeting or an adjourned meeting in cases where the meeting was originally held within twelve (12) months from such date. Delivery of an instrument appointing a proxy shall not preclude a Member from attending and voting in person at the meeting convened and in such event, the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to be revoked. |
| 18.4. | Instruments of proxy shall be in any common form or in such other form as the Board may approve (provided that this shall not preclude the use of the two way form) and the Board may, if it thinks fit, send out with the notice of any meeting forms of instrument of proxy for use at the meeting. The instrument of proxy shall be deemed to confer authority to demand or join in demanding a poll and to vote on any amendment of a resolution put to the meeting for which it is given as the proxy thinks fit. The instrument of proxy shall, unless the contrary is stated therein, be valid as well for any adjournment of the meeting as for the meeting to which it relates. |
| 18.5. | A vote given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal, or revocation of the instrument of proxy or of the authority under which it was executed, provided that no intimation in writing of such death, insanity or revocation shall have been received by the Company at the Office or the Registration Office (or such other place as may be specified for the delivery of instruments of proxy in the notice convening the meeting or other document sent therewith) two (2) hours at least before the commencement of the meeting or adjourned meeting, or the taking of the poll, at which the instrument of proxy is used. |
| 18.6. | Anything which under these Articles a Member may do by proxy he may likewise do by his duly appointed attorney and the provisions of these Articles relating to proxies and instruments appointing proxies shall apply mutatis mutandis in relation to any such attorney and the instrument under which such attorney is appointed. |
| 19. | CORPORATIONS ACTING BY REPRESENTATIVES |
| 19.1. | Any corporation which is a Member may by resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members. The person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of such corporation as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual Member and such corporation shall for the purposes of these Articles be deemed to be present in person at any such meeting if a person so authorised is present thereat. |
| 19.2. | If a clearing house (or its nominee(s)) or a central depository, being a corporation, is a Member, it may authorise such persons as it thinks fit to act as its representatives at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members provided that the authorisation shall specify the number and class of shares in respect of which each such representative is so authorised. Each person so authorised under the provisions of this Article shall be deemed to have been duly authorised without further evidence of the facts and be entitled to exercise the same rights and powers on behalf of the clearing house or central depository (or its nominee(s)) as if such person was the registered holder of the shares of the Company held by the clearing house or central depository (or its nominee(s)) including the right to vote individually on a show of hands. |
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| 19.3. | Any reference in these Articles to a duly authorised representative of a Member being a corporation shall mean a representative authorised under the provisions of this Article. |
| 20. | ACTING BY WRITTEN RESOLUTIONS OF MEMBERS |
| 20.1. | Members may pass a resolution in writing without holding a meeting if the following conditions are met: |
| (a) | all Members entitled to vote are given notice of the resolution as if the same were being proposed at a meeting of Members; |
| (b) | all Members entitled so to vote: |
| (i) | sign a document; or |
| (ii) | sign several documents in the like form each signed by one or more of those Members; and |
| (iii) | the signed document or documents is or are delivered to the Company, including, if the Company so nominates, by delivery of an Electronic Record by Electronic means to the address specified for that purpose. |
Such written resolution shall be as effective as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Members entitled to vote duly convened and held.
| 21. | BOARD OF DIRECTORS |
| 21.1. | Unless otherwise determined by the Company in general meeting, the number of Directors shall not be less than two (2). There shall be no maximum number of Directors unless otherwise determined from time to time by the Members in general meeting. The Directors shall be elected or appointed in the first place by the subscribers to the Memorandum of Association or by a majority of them and thereafter in accordance with Article 21.3. At any one time, at least majority of the Board of Directors shall be Independent Directors. |
| 21.2. | Subject to the Articles and the Act, the Company may by ordinary resolution elect any person to be a Director either to fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to the existing Board. Any Director so appointed shall hold office only until the next following annual general meeting of the Company or until his earlier his death, resignation, or removal. |
| 21.3. | The Directors by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the remaining Directors present and voting at a Board meeting, shall have the power from time to time and at any time to appoint any person as a Director to fill a casual vacancy on the Board or as an addition to the existing Board, whether or not that person has previously served on the Board, subject to these Articles, applicable law and the listing rules of the Designated Stock Exchange. Any Director so appointed shall hold office until the next succeeding annual general meeting of Members or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. |
| 21.4. | No Director shall be required to hold any shares of the Company by way of qualification and a Director who is not a Member shall be entitled to receive notice of and to attend and speak at any general meeting of the Company and of all classes of shares of the Company. |
| 21.5. | Subject to any provision to the contrary in these Articles, a Director may be removed by way of a Special Resolution of the Members at any time before the expiration of his period of office notwithstanding anything in these Articles or in any agreement between the Company and such Director (but without prejudice to any claim for damages under any such agreement). |
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| 21.6. | A vacancy on the Board created by the removal of a Director under the provisions of subparagraph 21.5 above may be filled by the election or appointment by ordinary resolution of the Members at the meeting at which such Director is removed or by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the remaining Directors present and voting at a Board meeting. |
| 21.7. | The Company may from time to time in general meeting by ordinary resolution increase or reduce the number of Directors but so that the number of Directors shall never be less than two (2). |
| 21.8. | The Directors shall, as soon as may be after each appointment or election of Directors, elect amongst the Directors a chairman (the “Chairman”) and if more than one Director is proposed for this office, the election to such office shall take place in such manner as the Directors may determine. |
| 22. | RETIREMENT OF DIRECTORS |
| 22.1. | Notwithstanding any other provisions in the Articles, the Directors of each Class shall retire from office once they have come to terms, provided that notwithstanding anything herein, the chairman of the Board shall not, whilst holding such office, be subject to retirement or be taken into account in determining the number of Directors to retire. |
| 22.2. | A retiring Director shall be eligible for re-election and shall continue to act as a Director throughout the meeting at which he retires. The Directors to retire shall include (so far as necessary to ascertain the number of directors to retire) any Director who wishes to retire and not to offer himself for re-election. Any further Directors so to retire shall be those of the other Directors subject to retirement who have been longest in office since their last re-election or appointment and so that as between persons who became or were last re-elected Directors on the same day those to retire shall (unless they otherwise agree among themselves) be determined by lot and, without limitation, the Directors to retire at the first annual general meeting shall be so determined. |
| 22.3. | No person other than a Director retiring at the meeting shall, unless recommended by the Directors for election, be eligible for election as a Director at any general meeting unless a Notice signed by a Member (other than the person to be proposed) duly qualified to attend and vote at the meeting for which such notice is given of his intention to propose such person for election and also a Notice signed by the person to be proposed of his willingness to be elected shall have been lodged at the head office or at the Registration Office provided that the minimum length of the period, during which such Notice(s) are given, shall be at least seven (7) days and that the period for lodgment of such Notice(s) shall commence no earlier than the day after the despatch of the notice of the general meeting appointed for such election and end no later than seven (7) days prior to the date of such general meeting. |
| 23. | DISQUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS |
| 23.1. | The office of a Director shall be vacated if the Director: |
| (a) | resigns his office by notice in writing delivered to the Company at the Office or tendered at a meeting of the Board; |
| (b) | becomes of unsound mind or dies; |
| (c) | without special leave of absence from the Board, is absent from meetings of the Board for six consecutive months and the Board resolves that his office be vacated; |
| (d) | becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors; |
| (e) | is prohibited by law from being a Director; or |
| (f) | ceases to be a Director by virtue of any provision of the Statutes or is removed from office pursuant to these Articles. |
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| 24. | alternate DIRECTORS |
| 24.1. | Any Director may at any time by Notice delivered to the Office or head office or at a meeting of the Directors appoint any person (including another Director) to be his alternate Director. Any person so appointed shall have all the rights and powers of the Director or Directors for whom such person is appointed in the alternative provided that such person shall not be counted more than once in determining whether or not a quorum is present. An alternate Director may be removed at any time by the body which appointed him and, subject thereto, the office of alternate Director shall continue until the happening of any event which, if we were a Director, would cause him to vacate such office or if his appointer ceases for any reason to be a Director. Any appointment or removal of an alternate Director shall be effected by Notice signed by the appointor and delivered to the Office or head office or tendered at a meeting of the Board. An alternate Director may also be a Director in his own right and may act as alternate to more than one Director. An alternate Director shall, if his appointor so requests, be entitled to receive notices of meetings of the Board or of committees of the Board to the same extent as, but in lieu of, the Director appointing him and shall be entitled to such extent to attend and vote as a Director at any such meeting at which the Director appointing him is not personally present and generally at such meeting to exercise and discharge all the functions, powers and duties of his appointor as a Director and for the purposes of the proceedings at such meeting the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if he were a Director save that as an alternate for more than one Director his voting rights shall be cumulative. |
| 24.2. | An alternate Director shall only be a Director for the purposes of the Act and shall only be subject to the provisions of the Act insofar as they relate to the duties and obligations of a Director when performing the functions of the Director for whom he is appointed in the alternative and shall alone be responsible to the Company for his acts and defaults and shall not be deemed to be the agent of or for the Director appointing him. An alternate Director shall be entitled to contract and be interested in and benefit from contracts or arrangements or transactions and to be repaid expenses and to be indemnified by the Company to the same extent mutatis mutandis as if he were a Director but he shall not be entitled to receive from the Company any fee in his capacity as an alternate Director except only such part, if any, of the remuneration otherwise payable to his appointor as such appointor may by Notice to the Company from time to time direct. |
| 24.3. | Every person acting as an alternate Director shall have one vote for each Director for whom he acts as alternate (in addition to his own vote if he is also a Director). If his appointor is for the time being absent from the People’s Republic of China or otherwise not available or unable to act, the signature of an alternate Director to any resolution in writing of the Board or a committee of the Board of which his appointor is a member shall, unless the notice of his appointment provides to the contrary, be as effective as the signature of his appointor. |
| 24.4. | An alternate Director shall ipso facto cease to be an alternate Director if his appointor ceases for any reason to be a Director, however, such alternate Director or any other person may be re-appointed by the Directors to serve as an alternate Director PROVIDED always that, if at any meeting any Director retires but is re-elected at the same meeting, any appointment of such alternate Director pursuant to these Articles which was in force immediately before his retirement shall remain in force as though he had not retired. |
| 25. | DIRECTORS’ FEES AND EXPENSES |
| 25.1. | The Directors shall receive such remuneration as the Board may from time to time determine. Each Director shall be entitled to be repaid or prepaid all traveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred by him in attending meetings of the Board or committees of the board or general meetings or separate meetings of any class of shares or of debenture of the Company or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his duties as a Director. The ordinary remuneration of the Directors shall from time to time be determined by the Company in general meeting and shall (unless otherwise directed by the resolution by which it is voted) be divided amongst the Board in such proportions and in such manner as the Board may agree or, failing agreement, equally, except that any Director who shall hold office for part only of the period in respect of which such remuneration is payable shall be entitled only to rank in such division for a proportion of remuneration related to the period during which he has held office. Such remuneration shall be deemed to accrue from day to day. |
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| 25.2. | Each Director shall be entitled to be repaid or prepaid all travelling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred by him in attending meetings of the Board or committees of the Board or general meetings or separate meetings of any class of shares or of debentures of the Company or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his duties as a Director. |
| 25.3. | Any Director who, by request, goes or resides abroad for any purpose of the Company or who performs services which in the opinion of the Board go beyond the ordinary duties of a Director may be paid such extra remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) as the Board may determine and such extra remuneration shall be in addition to or in substitution for any ordinary remuneration provided for by or pursuant to any other Article. |
| 26. | DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS |
| 26.1. | A Director may: |
| (a) | hold any other office or place of profit with the Company (except that of Auditor) in conjunction with his office of Director for such period and upon such terms as the Board may determine. Any remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) paid to any Director in respect of any such other office or place of profit shall be in addition to any remuneration provided for by or pursuant to any other Article; |
| (b) | act by himself or his firm in a professional capacity for the Company (otherwise than as Auditor) and he or his firm may be remunerated for professional services as if he were not a Director; |
| (c) | continue to be or become a director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officer or member of any other company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a vendor, shareholder or otherwise and (unless otherwise agreed) no such Director shall be accountable for any remuneration, profits or other benefits received by him as a director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officer or member of or from his interests in any such other company. Subject as otherwise provided by these Articles the Directors may exercise or cause to be exercised the voting powers conferred by the shares in any other company held or owned by the Company, or exercisable by them as Directors of such other company in such manner in all respects as they think fit (including the exercise thereof in favour of any resolution appointing themselves or any of them directors, managing directors, joint managing directors, deputy managing directors, executive directors, managers or other officers of such company) or voting or providing for the payment of remuneration to the director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officers of such other company and any Director may vote in favour of the exercise of such voting rights in manner aforesaid notwithstanding that he may be, or about to be, appointed a director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officer of such a company, and that as such he is or may become interested in the exercise of such voting rights in manner aforesaid. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no “Independent Director” as defined in FINRA Rules or in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and with respect of whom the Board has determined constitutes an “Independent Director” for purposes of compliance with applicable law or the Company’s listing requirements, shall without the consent of the Audit Committee take any of the foregoing actions or any other action that would reasonably be likely to affect such Director’s status as an “Independent Director” of the Company.
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| 26.2. | Subject to the Act and to these Articles, no Director or proposed or intending Director shall be disqualified by his office from contracting with the Company, either with regard to his tenure of any office or place of profit or as vendor, purchaser or in any other manner whatsoever, nor shall any such contract or any other contract or arrangement in which any Director is in any way interested be liable to be avoided, nor shall any Director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company or the Members for any remuneration, profit or other benefits realised by any such contract or arrangement by reason of such Director holding that office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established provided that such Director shall disclose the nature of his interest in any contract or arrangement in which he is interested in accordance with Article 30.6 herein. Any such transaction that would reasonably be likely to affect a Director’s status as an “Independent Director”, or that would constitute a “related party transaction” as defined by Item 7.N of Form 20F promulgated by the SEC, shall require the approval of the Audit Committee. |
| 26.3. | A Director who to his knowledge is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement with the Company shall declare the nature of his interest at the meeting of the Board at which the question of entering into the contract or arrangement is first considered, if he knows his interest then exists, or in any other case at the first meeting of the Board after he knows that he is or has become so interested. For the purposes of this Article, a general Notice to the Board by a Director to the effect that: |
| (a) | he is a member or officer of a specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the Notice be made with that company or firm; or |
| (b) | he is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the Notice be made with a specified person who is connected with him; |
shall be deemed to be a sufficient declaration of interest under this Article in relation to any such contract or arrangement, provided that no such Notice shall be effective unless either it is given at a meeting of the Board or the Director takes reasonable steps to secure that it is brought up and read at the next Board meeting after it is given.
| 26.4. | Following a declaration being made pursuant to the last preceding two Articles, subject to any separate requirement for Audit Committee approval under applicable law or the listing rules of the Company’s Designated Stock Exchange, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant Board meeting, a Director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such Director is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting. |
| 27. | GENERAL POWERS OF THE DIRECTORS’ |
| 27.1. | The business of the Company shall be managed and conducted by the Board, which may pay all expenses incurred in forming and registering the Company and may exercise all powers of the Company (whether relating to the management of the business of the Company or otherwise) which are not by the Statutes or by these Articles required to be exercised by the Company in general meeting, subject nevertheless to the provisions of the Statutes and of these Articles and to such regulations being not inconsistent with such provisions, as may be prescribed by the Company in general meeting, but no regulations made by the Company in general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the Board which would have been valid if such regulations had not been made. The general powers given by this Article shall not be limited or restricted by any special authority or power given to the Board by any other Article. |
| 27.2. | Any person contracting or dealing with the Company in the ordinary course of business shall be entitled to rely on any written or oral contract or agreement or deed, document or instrument entered into or executed as the case may be by any two of the Directors acting jointly on behalf of the Company and the same shall be deemed to be validly entered into or executed by the Company as the case may be and shall, subject to any rule of law, be binding on the Company. |
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| 27.3. | Without prejudice to the general powers conferred by these Articles it is hereby expressly declared that the Board shall have the following powers: |
| (a) | to give to any person the right or option of requiring at a future date that an allotment shall be made to him of any share at par or at such premium as may be agreed; |
| (b) | to give to any Directors, officers or employees of the Company an interest in any particular business or transaction or participation in the profits thereof or in the general profits of the Company either in addition to or in substitution for a salary or other remuneration; and |
| (c) | to resolve that the Company be deregistered in the Cayman Islands and continued in a named jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands subject to the provisions of the Act. |
| 27.4. | The Board may by power of attorney appoint any company, firm or person or any fluctuating body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Board, to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Board under these Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as it may think fit, and any such power of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney as the Board may think fit, and may also authorise any such attorney to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him. Such attorney or attorneys may, if so authorised under the Seal of the Company, execute any deed or instrument under their personal seal with the same effect as the affixation of the Company’s Seal. |
| 27.5. | The Board may entrust to and confer upon a managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, an executive director or any Director any of the powers exercisable by it upon such terms and conditions and with such restrictions as it thinks fit, and either collaterally with, or to the exclusion of, its own powers, and may from time to time revoke or vary all or any of such powers but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of such revocation or variation shall be affected thereby. |
| 27.6. | All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other instruments, whether negotiable or transferable or not, and all receipts for moneys paid to the Company shall be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed, as the case may be, in such manner as the Board shall from time to time by resolution determine. The Company’s banking accounts shall be kept with such banker or bankers as the Board shall from time to time determine. |
| 27.7. | The Board may establish or concur or join with other companies (being subsidiary companies of the Company or companies with which it is associated in business) in establishing and making contributions out of the Company’s moneys to any schemes or funds for providing pensions, sickness or compassionate allowances, life assurance or other benefits for employees (which expression as used in this and the following paragraph shall include any Director or ex-Director who may hold or have held any executive office or any office of profit under the Company or any of its subsidiary companies) and ex-employees of the Company and their dependants or any class or classes of such person. |
| 27.8. | The Board may pay, enter into agreements to pay or make grants of revocable or irrevocable pensions or other benefits to employees and ex-employees and their dependants, or to any of such persons, including pensions or benefits additional to those, if any, to which such employees or ex-employees or their dependants are or may become entitled under any such scheme or fund as mentioned in the last preceding paragraph. Any such pension or benefit may, as the Board considers desirable, be granted to an employee either before and in anticipation of or upon or at any time after his actual retirement, and may be subject or not subject to any terms or conditions as the Board may determine. |
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| 28. | BORROWING POWERS |
| 28.1. | The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to raise or borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or any part of the undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital of the Company and, subject to the Act, to issue debentures, bonds and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party. |
| 28.2. | Debentures, bonds and other securities may be made assignable free from any equities between the Company and the person to whom the same may be issued. |
| 28.3. | Any debentures, bonds or other securities may be issued at a discount (other than shares (with the exception of any share discount conducted in accordance with Act)), premium or otherwise and with any special privileges as to redemption, surrender, drawings, allotment of shares, attending and voting at general meetings of the Company, appointment of Directors and otherwise. |
| 28.4. | Where any uncalled capital of the Company is charged, all persons taking any subsequent charge thereon shall take the same subject to such prior charge, and shall not be entitled, by notice to the Members or otherwise, to obtain priority over such prior charge. |
| 28.5. | The Board shall cause a proper register to be kept, in accordance with the provisions of the Act, of all charges specifically affecting the property of the Company and of any series of debentures issued by the Company and shall duly comply with the requirements of the Act in regard to the registration of charges and debentures therein specified and otherwise. |
| 29. | proceedings of the directors |
| 29.1. | The Board may meet for the despatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate its meetings as it considers appropriate. Questions arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes. In the case of any equality of votes the chairman of the meeting shall have an additional or casting vote. |
| 29.2. | A meeting of the Board may be convened by the Secretary on request of a Director or by any Director. The Secretary shall convene a meeting of the Board. Notice of a meeting of the Board shall be deemed to be duly given to a Director if it is given to such Director in writing or verbally (including in person or by telephone) or via electronic mail or by telephone or in such other manner as the Board may from time to time determine. |
| 29.3. | The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the Board may be fixed by the Board and, unless so fixed at any other number, shall be two (2). An alternate Director shall be counted in a quorum in the case of the absence of a Director for whom he is the alternate provided that he shall not be counted more than once for the purpose of determining whether or not a quorum is present. |
| 29.4. | Directors may participate in any meeting of the Board by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment through which all persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other simultaneously and instantaneously and, for the purpose of counting a quorum, such participation shall constitute presence at a meeting as if those participating were present in person. |
| 29.5. | Any Director who ceases to be a Director at a Board meeting may continue to be present and to act as a Director and be counted in the quorum until the termination of such Board meeting if no other Director objects and if otherwise a quorum of Directors would not be present. |
| 29.6. | The continuing Directors or a sole continuing Director may act notwithstanding any vacancy in the Board but, if and so long as the number of Directors is reduced below the minimum number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles, the continuing Directors or Director, notwithstanding that the number of Directors is below the number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles as the quorum or that there is only one continuing Director, may act for the purpose of filling vacancies in the Board or of summoning general meetings of the Company but not for any other purpose. |
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| 29.7. | The Chairman of the Board shall be the chairman of all meetings of the Board. If the Chairman of the Board is not present at any meeting within five (5) minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the Directors present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting. |
| 29.8. | A meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by the Board. |
| 29.9. | The Board may delegate any of its powers, authorities and discretions to committees (including, without limitation, the Audit Committee), consisting of such Director or Directors and other persons as it thinks fit, and they may, from time to time, revoke such delegation or revoke the appointment of and discharge any such committees either wholly or in part, and either as to persons or purposes. Any committee so formed shall, in the exercise of the powers, authorities and discretions so delegated, conform to any regulations which may be imposed on it by the Board. |
| 29.10. | All acts done by any such committee in conformity with such regulations, and in fulfilment of the purposes for which it was appointed, but not otherwise, shall have like force and effect as if done by the Board, and the Board (or if the Board delegates such power, the committee) shall have power to remunerate the members of any such committee, and charge such remuneration to the current expenses of the Company. |
| 29.11. | The meetings and proceedings of any committee consisting of two or more members shall be governed by the provisions contained in these Articles for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Board so far as the same are applicable and are not superseded by any regulations imposed by the Board under the last preceding Article, indicating, without limitation, any committee charter adopted by the Board for purposes or in respect of any such committee. |
| 29.12. | A resolution in writing signed by all the Directors except such as are temporarily unable to act through ill-health or disability shall (provided that such number is sufficient to constitute a quorum and further provided that a copy of such resolution has been given or the contents thereof communicated to all the Directors for the time being entitled to receive notices of Board meetings in the same manner as notices of meetings are required to be given by these Articles) be as valid and effectual as if a resolution had been passed at a meeting of the Board duly convened and held. Such resolution may be contained in one document or in several documents in like form each signed by one or more of the Directors and for this purpose a facsimile signature of a Director shall be treated as valid. |
| 29.13. | All acts bona fide done by the Board or by any committee or by any person acting as a Director or members of a committee, shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any member of the Board or such committee or person acting as aforesaid or that they or any of them were disqualified or had vacated office, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified and had continued to be a Director or member of such committee. |
| 30. | COMMITTEES |
| 30.1. | Without prejudice to the freedom of the Directors to establish any other committees, for so long as the shares of the Company (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Board shall establish and maintain an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nomination Committee as committees of the Board, the composition and responsibilities of which shall comply with the FINRA Rules, the rules and regulations of the SEC and the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, as appropriate. |
| 30.2. | The Board shall adopt a formal written audit committee charter, a formal written compensation committee charter and review and a formal written Nomination Committee Charter and assess the adequacy of each formal written charter on an annual basis. |
| 30.3. | The audit committee shall meet at least once every financial quarter, or more frequently as circumstances dictate. |
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| 30.4. | The compensation committee shall meet at least once every financial year, or more frequently as circumstances dictate. |
| 30.5. | The nomination committee shall meet at least once every financial year, or more frequently as circumstances dictate. |
| 30.6. | For so long as the shares of the Company (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Company shall conduct an appropriate review of all related party transactions on an ongoing basis and shall utilize the Audit Committee for the review and approval of potential conflicts of interest. Specifically, the Audit Committee shall approve any transaction or transactions between the Company and any of the following parties: (i) any Member owning an interest in the voting power of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company that gives such Member significant influence over the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, (ii) any director or executive officer of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company and any relative of such director or executive officer, (iii) any person in which a substantial interest in the voting power of the Company is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (i) or (ii) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence, and (iv) any affiliate (other than a subsidiary) of the Company. |
| 30.7. | The Board may, from time to time, appoint such other committees as may be permitted by Act. Such other committees appointed by the Board shall consist of one (1) or more members of the Board and shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be provided in a resolution of the Board. |
| 31. | officers |
| 31.1. | The officers of the Company shall consist of the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, the Directors and Secretary, and such additional officers (who may or may not be Directors) as the Board may from time to time determine, all of whom shall be deemed to be officers for the purposes of the Act and these Articles. |
| 31.2. | The officers shall receive such remuneration as the Directors may from time to time determine. |
| 31.3. | The Secretary and additional officers, if any, shall be appointed by the Board and shall hold office on such terms and for such period as the Board may determine. If thought fit, two or more persons may be appointed as joint Secretaries. The Board may also appoint from time to time on such terms as it thinks fit one or more assistant or deputy Secretaries. |
| 31.4. | The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Members and shall keep correct minutes of such meetings and enter the same in the proper books provided for the purpose. He shall perform such other duties as are prescribed by the Act or these Articles or as may be prescribed by the Board. |
| 31.5. | The officers of the Company shall have such powers and perform such duties in the management, business and affairs of the Company as may be delegated to them by the Directors from time to time. |
| 31.6. | A provision of the Act or of these Articles requiring or authorising a thing to be done by or to a Director and the Secretary shall not be satisfied by its being done by or to the same person acting both as Director and as or in place of the Secretary. |
| 32. | MINUTES |
| 32.1. | The Board shall cause minutes to be duly entered in books provided for the purpose: |
| (a) | of all elections and appointments of officers; |
| (b) | of the names of the Directors present at each meeting of the Directors and of any committee of the Directors; |
| (c) | of all resolutions and proceedings of each general meeting of the Members, meetings of the Board and meetings of committees of the Board and where there are managers, of all proceedings of meetings of the managers. |
| 32.2. | Minutes shall be kept by the Secretary at the Office. |
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| 33. | SEAL |
| 33.1. | The Company shall have one or more Seals, as the Board may determine. For the purpose of sealing documents creating or evidencing securities issued by the Company, the Company may have a securities seal which is a facsimile of the Seal of the Company with the addition of the word “Securities” on its face or in such other form as the Board may approve. The Board shall provide for the custody of each Seal and no Seal shall be used without the authority of the Board or of a committee of the Board authorised by the Board in that behalf. Subject as otherwise provided in these Articles, any instrument to which a Seal is affixed shall be signed autographically by one Director and the Secretary or by two Directors or by such other person (including a Director) or persons as the Board may appoint, either generally or in any particular case, save that as regards any certificates for shares or debentures or other securities of the Company the Board may by resolution determine that such signatures or either of them shall be dispensed with or affixed by some method or system of mechanical signature or by Electronic Signature. Every instrument executed in manner provided by this Article shall be deemed to be sealed and executed with the authority of the Board previously given. |
| 33.2. | Where the Company has a Seal for use abroad, the Board may by writing under the Seal appoint any agent or committee abroad to be the duly authorised agent of the Company for the purpose of affixing and using such Seal and the Board may impose restrictions on the use thereof as may be thought fit. Wherever in these Articles reference is made to the Seal, the reference shall, when and so far as may be applicable, be deemed to include any such other Seal as aforesaid. |
| 34. | destruction of documents |
| 34.1. | The Company shall be entitled to destroy the following documents at the following times: |
| (a) | any share certificate which has been cancelled at any time after the expiry of one (1) year from the date of such cancellation; |
| (b) | any dividend mandate or any variation or cancellation thereof or any notification of change of name or address at any time after the expiry of two (2) years from the date such mandate variation cancellation or notification was recorded by the Company; |
| (c) | any instrument of transfer of shares which has been registered at any time after the expiry of seven (7) years from the date of registration; |
| (d) | any allotment letters after the expiry of seven (7) years from the date of issue thereof; and |
| (e) | copies of powers of attorney, grants of probate and letters of administration at any time after the expiry of seven (7) years after the account to which the relevant power of attorney, grant of probate or letters of administration related has been closed; |
and it shall conclusively be presumed in favour of the Company that every entry in the Register purporting to be made on the basis of any such documents so destroyed was duly and properly made and every share certificate so destroyed was a valid certificate duly and properly cancelled and that every instrument of transfer so destroyed was a valid and effective instrument duly and properly registered and that every other document destroyed hereunder was a valid and effective document in accordance with the recorded particulars thereof in the books or records of the Company. Provided always that: (1) the foregoing provisions of this Article shall apply only to the destruction of a document in good faith and without express notice to the Company that the preservation of such document was relevant to a claim; (2) nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as imposing upon the Company any liability in respect of the destruction of any such document earlier than as aforesaid or in any case where the conditions of proviso (1) above are not fulfilled; and (3) references in this Article to the destruction of any document include references to its disposal in any manner.
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NFT Limited
| 34.2. | Notwithstanding any provision contained in these Articles, the Directors may, if permitted by applicable law, authorise the destruction of documents set out in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph (1) of this Article and any other documents in relation to share registration which have been microfilmed or electronically stored by the Company or by the share registrar on its behalf provided always that this Article shall apply only to the destruction of a document in good faith and without express notice to the Company and its share registrar that the preservation of such document was relevant to a claim. |
| 35. | DIVIDENDS AND OTHER PAYMENTS |
| 35.1. | Subject to the Act, the Company in general meeting or the Board may from time to time declare dividends in any currency to be paid to the Members but no dividend shall be declared in excess of the amount recommended by the Board. |
| 35.2. | Dividends may be declared and paid out of the profits of the Company, realised or unrealised, or from any reserve set aside from profits which the Directors determine is no longer needed. The Board may also declare and pay dividends out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorised for this purpose in accordance with the Act. |
| 35.3. | Except in so far as the rights attaching to, or the terms of issue of, any share otherwise provide: |
| (a) | all dividends shall be declared and paid according to the amounts paid up on the shares in respect of which the dividend is paid, but no amount paid up on a share in advance of calls shall be treated for the purposes of this Article as paid up on the share; and |
| (b) | all dividends shall be apportioned and paid pro rata according to the amounts paid up on the shares during any portion or portions of the period in respect of which the dividend is paid. |
| 35.4. | The Board may from time to time pay to the Members such interim dividends as appear to the Board to be justified by the profits of the Company and in particular (but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes, the Board may pay such interim dividends in respect of those shares in the capital of the Company which confer on the holders thereof deferred or non preferential rights as well as in respect of those shares which confer on the holders thereof preferential rights with regard to dividend and provided that the Board acts bona fide the Board shall not incur any responsibility to the holders of shares conferring any preference for any damage that they may suffer by reason of the payment of an interim dividend on any shares having deferred or non preferential rights and may also pay any fixed dividend which is payable on any shares of the Company half yearly or on any other dates, whenever such profits, in the opinion of the Board, justifies such payment. |
| 35.5. | The Board may deduct from any dividend or other moneys payable to a Member by the Company on or in respect of any shares all sums of money (if any) presently payable by him to the Company on account of calls or otherwise. |
| 35.6. | No dividend or other moneys payable by the Company on or in respect of any share shall bear interest against the Company. |
| 35.7. | Any dividend, interest or other sum payable in cash to the holder of shares may be paid by cheque or warrant sent through the post addressed to the holder at his registered address or, in the case of joint holders, addressed to the holder whose name stands first in the Register in respect of the shares at his address as appearing in the Register or addressed to such person and at such address as the holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such cheque or warrant shall, unless the holder or joint holders otherwise direct, be made payable to the order of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the order of the holder whose name stands first on the Register in respect of such shares, and shall be sent at his or their risk and payment of the cheque or warrant by the bank on which it is drawn shall constitute a good discharge to the Company notwithstanding that it may subsequently appear that the same has been stolen or that any endorsement thereon has been forged. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends or other moneys payable or property distributable in respect of the shares held by such joint holders. |
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NFT Limited
| 35.8. | All dividends or bonuses unclaimed for one (1) year after having been declared may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Board for the benefit of the Company until claimed. Any dividend or bonuses unclaimed after a period of six (6) years from the date of declaration shall be forfeited and shall revert to the Company. The payment by the Board of any unclaimed dividend or other sums payable on or in respect of a share into a separate account shall not constitute the Company a trustee in respect thereof. |
If a Member fails to pay any call the Board may give to such Member not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ notice requiring payment and specifying the amount unpaid including any interest which may have accrued, any expenses which have been incurred by the Company due to that person’s default and the place where payment is to be made. The notice shall also contain a warning that if the notice is not complied with, the shares in respect of which the call is made will be liable to be forfeited. If such notice is not complied with, the Board may, before the payment required by the notice has been received, resolve that any share the subject of that notice be forfeited (which forfeiture shall include all dividends or other monies payable in respect of the forfeited share and not paid before such forfeiture).
A forfeited share may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the directors determine and at any time before a sale, re-allotment or disposition the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the directors think fit. A person whose shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a Member in respect of the forfeited shares, but shall, notwithstanding such forfeit, remain liable to pay to the Company all monies which at the date of forfeiture were payable to the Company in respect of the shares, together with all expenses and interest from the date of forfeiture or surrender until payment, but his liability shall cease if and when the Company receives payment in full of the unpaid amount.
A declaration, whether statutory or under oath, made by a Director or the Secretary shall be conclusive evidence that the person making the declaration is a Director or Secretary of the Company and that the particular shares have been forfeited or surrendered on a particular date.
Subject to the execution of an instrument of transfer, if necessary, the declaration shall constitute good title to the shares.
| 35.9. | Whenever the Board or the Company in general meeting has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared, the Board may further resolve that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets of any kind and in particular of paid up shares, debentures or warrants to subscribe securities of the Company or any other company, or in any one or more of such ways, and where any difficulty arises in regard to the distribution the Board may settle the same as it thinks expedient, and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares, disregard fractional entitlements or round the same up or down, and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets, or any part thereof, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any such specific assets in trustees as may seem expedient to the Board and may appoint any person to sign any requisite instruments of transfer and other documents on behalf of the persons entitled to the dividend, and such appointment shall be effective and binding on the Members. The Board may resolve that no such assets shall be made available to Members with registered addresses in any particular territory or territories where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, such distribution of assets would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable and in such event the only entitlement of the Members aforesaid shall be to receive cash payments as aforesaid. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be or be deemed to be a separate class of Members for any purpose whatsoever. |
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NFT Limited
| 35.10. | Whenever the Board or the Company in general meeting has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared on any class of the share capital of the Company, the Board may further resolve either: |
| (a) | that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up, provided that the Members entitled thereto will be entitled to elect to receive such dividend (or part thereof if the Board so determines) in cash in lieu of such allotment. In such case, the following provisions shall apply: |
| (i) | the basis of any such allotment shall be determined by the Board; |
| (ii) | the Board, after determining the basis of allotment, shall give not less than ten (10) days’ Notice to the holders of the relevant shares of the right of election accorded to them and shall send with such notice forms of election and specify the procedure to be followed and the place at which and the latest date and time by which duly completed forms of election must be lodged in order to be effective; |
| (iii) | the right of election may be exercised in respect of the whole or part of that portion of the dividend in respect of which the right of election has been accorded; and |
| (iv) | the dividend (or that part of the dividend to be satisfied by the allotment of shares as aforesaid) shall not be payable in cash on shares in respect whereof the cash election has not been duly exercised (“the non elected shares”) and in satisfaction thereof shares of the relevant class shall be allotted credited as fully paid up to the holders of the non elected shares on the basis of allotment determined as aforesaid and for such purpose the Board shall capitalise and apply out of any part of the undivided profits of the Company (including profits carried and standing to the credit of any reserves or other special account, share premium account or capital redemption reserve) as the Board may determine, such sum as may be required to pay up in full the appropriate number of shares of the relevant class for allotment and distribution to and amongst the holders of the non elected shares on such basis; or |
| (b) | that the Members entitled to such dividend shall be entitled to elect to receive an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up in lieu of the whole or such part of the dividend as the Board may think fit. In such case, the following provisions shall apply: |
| (i) | the basis of any such allotment shall be determined by the Board; |
| (ii) | the Board, after determining the basis of allotment, shall give not less than ten (10) days’ Notice to the holders of the relevant shares of the right of election accorded to them and shall send with such notice forms of election and specify the procedure to be followed and the place at which and the latest date and time by which duly completed forms of election must be lodged in order to be effective; |
| (iii) | the right of election may be exercised in respect of the whole or part of that portion of the dividend in respect of which the right of election has been accorded; and |
| (iv) | the dividend (or that part of the dividend in respect of which a right of election has been accorded) shall not be payable in cash on shares in respect whereof the share election has been duly exercised (“the elected shares”) and in lieu thereof shares of the relevant class shall be allotted credited as fully paid up to the holders of the elected shares on the basis of allotment determined as aforesaid and for such purpose the Board shall capitalise and apply out of any part of the undivided profits of the Company (including profits carried and standing to the credit of any reserves or other special account, share premium account or capital redemption reserve) as the Board may determine, such sum as may be required to pay up in full the appropriate number of shares of the relevant class for allotment and distribution to and amongst the holders of the elected shares on such basis. |
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| 35.11. | The shares allotted pursuant to the provisions of Article 35.10 shall rank pari passu in all respects with shares of the same class (if any) then in issue save only as regards participation in the relevant dividend or in any other distributions, bonuses or rights paid, made, declared or announced prior to or contemporaneously with the payment or declaration of the relevant dividend unless, contemporaneously with the announcement by the Board of their proposal to apply the provisions of Articles 35.11 and 35.12 in relation to the relevant dividend or contemporaneously with their announcement of the distribution, bonus or rights in question, the Board shall specify that the shares to be allotted pursuant to the provisions of Article 35.10 shall rank for participation in such distribution, bonus or rights. |
| 35.12. | The Board may do all acts and things considered necessary or expedient to give effect to any capitalisation pursuant to the provisions of Article 35.10, with full power to the Board to make such provisions as it thinks fit in the case of shares becoming distributable in fractions (including provisions whereby, in whole or in part, fractional entitlements are aggregated and sold and the net proceeds distributed to those entitled, or are disregarded or rounded up or down or whereby the benefit of fractional entitlements accrues to the Company rather than to the Members concerned). The Board may authorise any person to enter into on behalf of all Members interested, an agreement with the Company providing for such capitalisation and matters incidental thereto and any agreement made pursuant to such authority shall be effective and binding on all concerned. |
| 35.13. | The Company may upon the recommendation of the Board by ordinary resolution resolve in respect of any one particular dividend of the Company that notwithstanding the provisions of Article 35.10, a dividend may be satisfied wholly in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up without offering any right to shareholders to elect to receive such dividend in cash in lieu of such allotment. |
| 35.14. | The Board may on any occasion determine that rights of election and the allotment of shares under Article 35.10 shall not be made available or made to any shareholders with registered addresses in any territory where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, the circulation of an offer of such rights of election or the allotment of shares would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable, and in such event the provisions aforesaid shall be read and construed subject to such determination. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be or be deemed to be a separate class of Members for any purpose whatsoever. |
| 35.15. | Any resolution declaring a dividend on shares of any class, whether a resolution of the Company in general meeting or a resolution of the Board, may specify that the same shall be payable or distributable to the persons registered as the holders of such shares at the close of business on a particular date, notwithstanding that it may be a date prior to that on which the resolution is passed, and thereupon the dividend shall be payable or distributable to them in accordance with their respective holdings so registered, but without prejudice to the rights inter se in respect of such dividend of transferors and transferees of any such shares. The provisions of this Article shall mutatis mutandis apply to bonuses, capitalisation issues, distributions of realised capital profits or offers or grants made by the Company to the Members. |
| 36. | RESERVES |
| 36.1. | The Board shall establish an account to be called the share premium account and shall carry to the credit of such account from time to time a sum equal to the amount or value of the premium paid on the issue of any share in the Company. Unless otherwise provided by the provisions of these Articles, the Board may apply the share premium account in any manner permitted by the Act. The Company shall at all times comply with the provisions of the Act in relation to the share premium account. |
| 36.2. | Before recommending any dividend, the Board may set aside out of the profits of the Company such sums as it determines as reserves which shall, at the discretion of the Board, be applicable for any purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied and pending such application may, also at such discretion, either be employed in the business of the Company or be invested in such investments as the Board may from time to time think fit and so that it shall not be necessary to keep any investments constituting the reserve or reserves separate or distinct from any other investments of the Company. The Board may also without placing the same to reserve carry forward any profits which it may think prudent not to distribute. |
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| 37. | CAPITALISATION |
| 37.1. | The Company may, upon the recommendation of the Board, at any time and from time to time pass an ordinary resolution to the effect that it is desirable to capitalise all or any part of any amount for the time being standing to the credit of any reserve or fund (including a share premium account and capital redemption reserve and the profit and loss account) whether or not the same is available for distribution and accordingly that such amount be set free for distribution among the Members or any class of Members who would be entitled thereto if it were distributed by way of dividend and in the same proportions, on the footing that the same is not paid in cash but is applied either in or towards paying up the amounts for the time being unpaid on any shares in the Company held by such Members respectively or in paying up in full unissued shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company, to be allotted and distributed credited as fully paid up among such Members, or partly in one way and partly in the other, and the Board shall give effect to such resolution provided that, for the purposes of this Article, a share premium account and any capital redemption reserve or fund representing unrealised profits, may be applied only in paying up in full unissued shares of the Company to be allotted to such Members credited as fully paid. |
| 37.2. | The Board may settle, as it considers appropriate, any difficulty arising in regard to any distribution under the last preceding Article and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares or authorise any person to sell and transfer any fractions or may resolve that the distribution should be as nearly as may be practicable in the correct proportion but not exactly so or may ignore fractions altogether, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members in order to adjust the rights of all parties, as may seem expedient to the Board. The Board may appoint any person to sign on behalf of the persons entitled to participate in the distribution any contract necessary or desirable for giving effect thereto and such appointment shall be effective and binding upon the Members. |
| 38. | ACCOUNTING RECORDS |
| 38.1. | The Board shall cause true accounts to be kept of the sums of money received and expended by the Company, and the matters in respect of which such receipt and expenditure take place, and of the property, assets, credits and liabilities of the Company and of all other matters required by the Act or necessary to give a true and fair view of the Company’s affairs and to explain its transactions. |
| 38.2. | The accounting records shall be kept at the Office or, at such other place or places as the Board decides and shall always be open to inspection by the Directors. No Member (other than a Director) shall have any right of inspecting any accounting record or book or document of the Company except as conferred by law or authorised by the Board or the Company in general meeting. |
| 38.3. | Subject to Article 38.4, a printed copy of the Directors’ report, accompanied by the balance sheet and profit and loss account, including every document required by law to be annexed thereto, made up to the end of the applicable financial year and containing a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company under convenient heads and a statement of income and expenditure, together with a copy of the Auditors’ report, shall be sent to each person entitled thereto at least ten (10) days before the date of the general meeting and laid before the Company at the annual general meeting held in accordance with Article 14.1 provided that this Article shall not require a copy of those documents to be sent to any person whose address the Company is not aware or to more than one of the joint holders of any shares or debentures. |
| 38.4. | Subject to due compliance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, and to obtaining all necessary consents, if any, required thereunder, the requirements of Article 38.3 shall be deemed satisfied in relation to any person by sending to the person in any manner not prohibited by the Statutes, summarised financial statements derived from the Company’s annual accounts and the directors’ report which shall be in the form and containing the information required by applicable laws and regulations, provided that any person who is otherwise entitled to the annual financial statements of the Company and the directors’ report thereon may, if he so requires by notice in writing served on the Company, demand that the Company sends to him, in addition to summarised financial statements, a complete printed copy of the Company’s annual financial statement and the directors’ report thereon. |
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| 38.5. | The requirement to send to a person referred to in Article 38.3 the documents referred to in that article or a summary financial report in accordance with Article 38.4 shall be deemed satisfied where, in accordance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Company publishes copies of the documents referred to in Article 38.3 and, if applicable, a summary financial report complying with Article 38.4, on the Company’s computer network or in any other permitted manner (including by sending any form of electronic communication), and that person has agreed or is deemed to have agreed to treat the publication or receipt of such documents in such manner as discharging the Company’s obligation to send to him a copy of such documents. |
| 39. | FINANCIAL YEAR END |
| 39.1. | Unless the Directors otherwise prescribe, the financial year end of the Company shall be 31st December in each year and, following the year of incorporation, shall begin on 1st January in each year. |
| 40. | AUDIT |
| 40.1. | Subject to applicable law and rules of the Designated Stock Exchange: |
| (a) | At the annual general meeting or at a subsequent extraordinary general meeting in each year, the Members shall appoint an auditor to audit the accounts of the Company and such auditor shall hold office until the Members appoint another auditor. Such auditor may be a Member but no Director or officer or employee of the Company shall, during his continuance in office, be eligible to act as an auditor of the Company. |
| (b) | A person, other than a retiring Auditor, shall not be capable of being appointed Auditor at an annual general meeting unless notice in writing of an intention to nominate that person to the office of Auditor has been given not less than fourteen (14) days before the annual general meeting and furthermore, the Company shall send a copy of any such notice to the retiring Auditor. The Members may, at any general meeting convened and held in accordance with these Articles, by Special Resolution remove the Auditor at any time before the expiration of his term of office and shall by ordinary resolution at that meeting appoint another Auditor in his stead for the remainder of his term. |
| (c) | The Members may, at any general meeting convened and held in accordance with these Articles, by ordinary resolution remove the Auditor at any time before the expiration of his term of office and shall by ordinary resolution at that meeting appoint another Auditor in his stead for the remainder of his term. |
| 40.2. | Subject to the Act the accounts of the Company shall be audited at least once in every year. |
| 40.3. | The remuneration of the Auditor shall be fixed by the Company in general meeting or in such manner as the Members may determine. |
| 40.4. | If the office of auditor becomes vacant by the resignation or death of the Auditor, or by his becoming incapable of acting by reason of illness or other disability at a time when his services are required, the Directors shall fill the vacancy and determine the remuneration of such Auditor. |
| 40.5. | The Auditor shall at all reasonable times have access to all books kept by the Company and to all accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and he may call on the Directors or officers of the Company for any information in their possession relating to the books or affairs of the Company. |
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| 40.6. | The statement of income and expenditure and the balance sheet provided for by these Articles shall be examined by the Auditor and compared by him with the books, accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and he shall make a written report thereon stating whether such statement and balance sheet are drawn up so as to present fairly the financial position of the Company and the results of its operations for the period under review and, in case information shall have been called for from Directors or officers of the Company, whether the same has been furnished and has been satisfactory. The financial statements of the Company shall be audited by the Auditor in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The Auditor shall make a written report thereon in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and the report of the Auditor shall be submitted to the Members in general meeting. The generally accepted auditing standards referred to herein may be those of a country or jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands. If so, the financial statements and the report of the Auditor should disclose this fact and name such country or jurisdiction |
| 41. | NOTICES |
| 41.1. | Any Notice or document, whether or not, to be given or issued under these Articles from the Company to a Member shall be in writing or by cable, telex or facsimile transmission message or other form of electronic transmission or communication and any such Notice and document may be served or delivered by the Company on or to any Member either personally or by sending it through the post in a prepaid envelope addressed to such Member at his registered address as appearing in the Register or at any other address supplied by him to the Company for the purpose or, as the case may be, by transmitting it to any such address or transmitting it to any telex or facsimile transmission number or electronic number or address or website supplied by him to the Company for the giving of Notice to him or which the person transmitting the notice reasonably and bona fide believes at the relevant time will result in the Notice being duly received by the Member or may also be served by advertisement in appropriate newspapers in accordance with the requirements of the Designated Stock Exchange or, to the extent permitted by the applicable laws, by placing it on the Company’s website and giving to the member a notice stating that the notice or other document is available there (a “notice of availability”). The notice of availability may be given to the Member by any of the means set out above. In the case of joint holders of a share all notices shall be given to that one of the joint holders whose name stands first in the Register and notice so given shall be deemed a sufficient service on or delivery to all the joint holders. |
| 41.2. | Any Notice or other document: |
| (a) | if served or delivered by post, shall where appropriate be sent by airmail and shall be deemed to have been served or delivered on the day following that on which the envelope containing the same, properly prepaid and addressed, is put into the post; in proving such service or delivery it shall be sufficient to prove that the envelope or wrapper containing the notice or document was properly addressed and put into the post and a certificate in writing signed by the Secretary or other officer of the Company or other person appointed by the Board that the envelope or wrapper containing the Notice or other document was so addressed and put into the post shall be conclusive evidence thereof; |
| (b) | if sent by electronic communication, shall be deemed to be given on the day on which it is transmitted from the server of the Company or its agent. A Notice placed on the Company’s website is deemed given by the Company to a Member on the day following that on which a notice of availability is deemed served on the Member; |
| (c) | if served or delivered in any other manner contemplated by these Articles, shall be deemed to have been served or delivered at the time of personal service or delivery or, as the case may be, at the time of the relevant despatch or transmission; and in proving such service or delivery a certificate in writing signed by the Secretary or other officer of the Company or other person appointed by the Board as to the act and time of such service, delivery, despatch or transmission shall be conclusive evidence thereof; and |
| (d) | may be given to a Member in the English language or such other language as may be approved by the Directors, subject to due compliance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations. |
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| 41.3. | Any Notice or other document delivered or sent by post to or left at the registered address of any Member in pursuance of these Articles shall, notwithstanding that such Member is then dead or bankrupt or that any other event has occurred, and whether or not the Company has notice of the death or bankruptcy or other event, be deemed to have been duly served or delivered in respect of any share registered in the name of such Member as sole or joint holder unless his name shall, at the time of the service or delivery of the Notice or document, have been removed from the Register as the holder of the share, and such service or delivery shall for all purposes be deemed a sufficient service or delivery of such Notice or document on all persons interested (whether jointly with or as claiming through or under him) in the share. |
| 41.4. | A Notice may be given by the Company to the person entitled to a share in consequence of the death, mental disorder or bankruptcy of a Member by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter, envelope or wrapper addressed to him by name, or by the title of representative of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description, at the address, if any, supplied for the purpose by the person claiming to be so entitled, or (until such an address has been so supplied) by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death, mental disorder or bankruptcy had not occurred. |
| 41.5. | Any person who by operation of law, transfer or other means whatsoever shall become entitled to any share shall be bound by every Notice in respect of such share which prior to his name and address being entered on the Register shall have been duly given to the person from whom he derives his title to such share. |
| 42. | SIGNATURES |
| 42.1. | For the purposes of these Articles, a cable or telex or facsimile or electronic transmission message purporting to come from a holder of shares or, as the case may be, a Director, or, in the case of a corporation which is a holder of shares from a director or the secretary thereof or a duly appointed attorney or duly authorised representative thereof for it and on its behalf, shall in the absence of express evidence to the contrary available to the person relying thereon at the relevant time be deemed to be a document or instrument in writing signed by such holder or Director in the terms in which it is received. |
| 43. | WINDING UP |
| 43.1. | A resolution that the Company be wound up by the court or be wound up voluntarily shall be a Special Resolution which shall, in this instance, include approval by the two thirds of all shareholders of the Company of the Company. |
| 43.2. | Subject to any special rights, privileges or restrictions as to the distribution of available surplus assets on liquidation for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares (i) if the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members of the Company shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed pari passu amongst such members in proportion to the amount paid up on the shares held by them respectively and (ii) if the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital such assets shall be distributed so that, a nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the Members in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively. |
| 43.3. | If the Company shall be wound up (whether the liquidation is voluntary or by the court) the liquidator may, with the authority of a Special Resolution and any other sanction required by the Act, divide among the Members in specie or kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company and whether or not the assets shall consist of properties of one kind or shall consist of properties to be divided as aforesaid of different kinds, and may for such purpose set such value as he deems fair upon any one or more class or classes of property and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may, with the like authority, vest any part of the assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the Members as the liquidator with the like authority shall think fit, and the liquidation of the Company may be closed and the Company dissolved, but so that no contributory shall be compelled to accept any shares or other property in respect of which there is a liability. |
| 35 | | |
| www.verify.gov.ky File#: 394393 | Filed: 27-Apr-2026 09:40 EST Auth Code: E65265723200 |
NFT Limited
| 44. | INDEMNITY |
| 44.1. | The Directors, Secretary and other officers for the time being of the Company and the liquidator or trustees (if any) for the time being acting in relation to any of the affairs of the Company and everyone of them, and everyone of their heirs, executors and administrators, shall be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets and profits of the Company from and against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which they or any of them, their or any of their heirs, executors or administrators, shall or may incur or sustain by or by reason of any act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty, or supposed duty, in their respective offices or trusts; and none of them shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of the other or others of them or for joining in any receipts for the sake of conformity, or for any bankers or other persons with whom any moneys or effects belonging to the Company shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for insufficiency or deficiency of any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be placed out on or invested, or for any other loss, misfortune or damage which may happen in the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or in relation thereto; PROVIDED THAT this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to any of said persons. |
| 44.2. | Each Member agrees to waive any claim or right of action he might have, whether individually or by or in the right of the Company, against any Director on account of any action taken by such Director, or the failure of such Director to take any action in the performance of his duties with or for the Company; PROVIDED THAT such waiver shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to such Director. |
| 45. | AMENDMENT TO MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AND NAME OF COMPANY |
| 45.1. | No Article shall be rescinded, altered or amended and no new Article shall be made until the same has been approved by a Special Resolution of the Members. A Special Resolution shall be required to alter the provisions of the Memorandum of Association or to change the name of the Company. |
| 46. | INFORMATION |
| 46.1. | No Member shall be entitled to require discovery of or any information respecting any detail of the Company’s trading or any matter which is or may be in the nature of a trade secret or secret process which may relate to the conduct of the business of the Company and which in the opinion of the Directors it will be inexpedient in the interests of the members of the Company to communicate to the public. |
| 47. | mergers and CONSOLIDATIONS |
| 47.1. | Subject to the Act and these Articles, the Company shall, with the approval of a Special Resolution, have the power to merge or consolidate with one or more constituent companies (as defined in the Act) upon such terms as the Directors may determine. |
| 48. | TRANSFERS BY WAY OF CONTINUATION |
| 48.1. | Subject to the Act and these Articles, the Company shall, with the approval of a Special Resolution, have the power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate under the laws of a jurisdiction outside of the Cayman Islands and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands. |
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| www.verify.gov.ky File#: 394393 | Filed: 27-Apr-2026 09:40 EST Auth Code: E65265723200 |
Exhibit 2.1
Description of rights of each class of securities
registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)
NFT Limited (“we,” “our,” “our company,” or “us”) is listed and traded on the NYSE American and had the following series of securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| Class A Ordinary Share par value $0.0005 per share | MI | NYSE American |
This exhibit contains a description of the rights of the holders of our Ordinary Shares.
DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which is referred to as the Companies Act below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides for two classes of shares, which became effective immediately following our redomicile from Delaware into the Cayman Islands, the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares.
Ordinary Shares
Our directors may, in their absolute discretion and without the approval of our shareholders, create and designate out of the unissued shares of our company (including unissued Class A ordinary shares) one or more classes or series of preferred shares, comprising such number of preferred shares, and having such designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, voting rights, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, as our directors may determine.
Each outstanding Class A Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters. Each outstanding Class B Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to twenty (20) votes per share on all matters. Holders of shares of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall, at all times, vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote for shareholders’ consent. Our M&A provides that elections for directors shall be by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, which requires a simple majority of votes cast at a general meeting of our shareholders, or a written resolution approved in writing by two-thirds of our shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting. Shareholders do not have preemptive rights to purchase shares in any future issuance of our ordinary shares. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and after payment of creditors and preferred shareholders, if any, our assets available for distribution will be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise.
The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to dividends out of funds legally available when and as declared by our board of directors (the “Board”). The Board has never declared a dividend and does not anticipate declaring a dividend in the foreseeable future. Should we decide in the future to pay dividends, as a holding company, our ability to do so and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their ability to make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars or other hard currency and other regulatory restrictions.
General. All of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Our Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form, and are issued when registered in our register of members. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares. Under our M&A, we may issue only non-negotiable shares and may not issue bearer or negotiable shares.
Dividends. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, dividends may be declared and paid only out of funds legally available therefor, namely out of either profit or our share premium account, provided that a dividend may not be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
Classes of Ordinary Shares. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Except for conversion rights and voting rights, the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares carry equal rights and rank pari passu with one another, including but not limited to the rights to dividends and other capital distributions.
Each Class B Ordinary Share is convertible into one Class A Ordinary Share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.
Voting Rights. Holders of our ordinary shares vote as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. In respect of matters requiring shareholders’ vote, each Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote and each Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to twenty (20) votes. At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided by poll.
An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting (or if passed as a resolution in writing, the approval of two-thirds of our shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting of our company), while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting (or if passed as a written resolution, the approval of all of our shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting of our company). A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name or any amendment to our M&A. Holders of our ordinary shares may effect certain changes by ordinary resolution, including increasing the amount of our authorized share capital, consolidating all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares, sub-dividing our shares or any of them into shares of an amount smaller than that fixed by our M&A, and cancelling any unissued shares.
General Meetings of Shareholders and Shareholder Proposals. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our M&A provides that we may, but are not obliged to, in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors.
Shareholders’ annual general meetings and any other general meetings of our shareholders may be convened by our board of directors. Advance notice of at least ten (10) calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a general meeting of shareholders consists of one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy or, if a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative, who hold shares which represent, in aggregate, not less than one-third of the votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings.
Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our M&A allows any of our shareholders holding in aggregate not less than two-thirds of the aggregate number of votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders, in which case our directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, our M&A does not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.
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Transfer of Shares. Subject to the restrictions of our M&A set out below, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her Ordinary Shares by an instrument of transfer in writing and in such usual or common form or such other form approved by our board of directors.
Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, and without assigning any reason, refuse to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or upon which our company has a lien. Our directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless (a) the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; (b) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares; (c) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; (d) in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; or (e) a fee of such maximum sum as the NYSE may determine to be payable, or such lesser sum as our board of directors may from time to time require, is paid to us in respect thereof.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, on fourteen (14) days’ notice being given by advertisement in an appointed newspaper or any other newspapers or by any other means in accordance with the requirements of the NYSE to that effect, be suspended at such times and for such periods (not exceeding in the whole thirty (30) calendar days in any year) as our directors may determine.
Liquidation. On a winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution among our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption, Purchase and Surrender of Shares. We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as our board of directors, before the issue of such shares, or our shareholders by special resolution may determine. We may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our board of directors or by ordinary resolution of our shareholders, or are otherwise authorized by our memorandum and articles of association. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if the company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.
Variations of Rights of Shares. If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class of shares may be varied or abrogated either with the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights will not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
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Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. (other than our memorandum and articles of association, any special resolutions of our shareholders, and our register of mortgages and charges). However, at the discretion of our board of directors, we intend to provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.
Changes in Capital. Our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
| ● | increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe; |
| ● | consolidate or divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger or smaller amount than our existing shares; |
| ● | sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of as amount smaller than that fixed by our memorandum; and |
| ● | cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled. |
Our shareholders may, by special resolution and subject to confirmation by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on an application by our company for an order confirming such reduction, reduce our share capital and any capital redemption reserve in any manner authorized by law.
Issuance of Additional Shares. Our M&A authorizes our board of directors to issue additional Ordinary Shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent there are available authorized but unissued shares.
Our M&A authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of convertible redeemable preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of convertible redeemable preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
| ● | designation of the series; |
| ● | the number of shares of the series; |
| ● | the dividend rights, conversion rights and voting rights; and |
| ● | the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. |
The issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of M&A may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:
| ● | authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and |
| ● | limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders. |
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our M&A for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; |
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| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
Preferred Shares
The Board is empowered to allot, issue, and dispose of shares (including, without limitation, preferred shares) (whether in certificated form or non-certificated form), to such persons, in such manner, on such terms and having such rights and being subject to such restrictions as they may from time to time determine. The Board may, without the approval of the shareholders, create and designate out of the unissued shares of the Company (including unissued Class A ordinary shares) one or more classes or series of preferred shares, comprising such number of preferred shares, and having such designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, voting rights, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, as the Board may determine in their sole and absolute discretion.
You should refer to the prospectus relating to any series of preferred shares being offered for the specific terms of that series, including:
| ● | title of the series and the number of shares in the series; |
| ● | the price at which the preferred shares will be offered; |
| ● | the dividend rate or rates or method of calculating the rates, the dates on which the dividends will be payable, whether or not dividends will be cumulative or noncumulative and, if cumulative, the dates from which dividends on the preferred shares being offered will cumulate; |
| ● | the voting rights, if any, of the holders of preferred shares being offered; |
| ● | the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, and the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of the preferred shares being offered, including any restrictions on the foregoing as a result of arrearage in the payment of dividends or sinking fund installments; |
| ● | the liquidation preference per share; |
| ● | the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred shares being offered will be convertible into our ordinary shares, including the conversion price, or the manner of calculating the conversion price, and the conversion period; |
| ● | the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred shares being offered will be exchangeable for debt securities, including the exchange price, or the manner of calculating the exchange price, and the exchange period; |
| ● | any listing of the preferred shares being offered on any securities exchange; |
| ● | a discussion of any material federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred shares being offered; |
| ● | any preemptive rights; |
| ● | the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred shares being offered as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our affairs; |
| ● | any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred shares ranking senior or equal to the series of preferred shares being offered as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our affairs; and |
| ● | any additional rights, preferences, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the series. |
Upon issuance, the preferred shares will be fully paid and nonassessable, which means that its holders will have paid their purchase price in full and we may not require them to pay additional funds.
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Any preferred share terms selected by the Board could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of our ordinary shares or adversely affect the rights and power, including voting rights, of the holders of our ordinary shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The rights of holders of our ordinary shares will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any preferred shares that may be issued by us in the future. The issuance of preferred shares could also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult.
Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act of the Cayman Islands is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and, accordingly, there are significant differences between the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the surviving or consolidated company, a declaration as to the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation that is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90.0% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation; provided that the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement; provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or class of creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; |
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| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition, which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer that has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits
In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires (and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders); |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such directors or officer, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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Directors’ Fiduciary Duties
Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company — a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our memorandum and articles of association provide that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of (i) in the case of ordinary resolutions, a written resolution signed by two-thirds of our shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of our company, or (ii) in the case of special resolutions, a unanimous written resolution signed by all of our shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of our company, without a meeting being held.
Shareholder Proposals
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders; provided that it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our memorandum and articles of association allow any one or more of our shareholders who together hold shares that carry in aggregate not less than two-thirds of the total number of votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
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Cumulative Voting
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders or by a written resolution signed by every director other than the director being removed. A director will also cease to be a director if he (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board, is absent from meetings of our board for three consecutive meetings and our board resolves that his office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our articles of association.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders
The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting shares within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, the directors of our Company are required to comply with fiduciary duties, which they owe to our Company under Cayman Islands laws, including the duty to ensure that, in their opinion, any such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
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Dissolution; Winding up
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.
Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act, our company may be dissolved, liquidated, or wound up voluntarily by a special resolution, or by an ordinary resolution on the basis that we are unable to pay our debts as they fall due.
Variation of Rights of Shares
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the written consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our memorandum and articles of association, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders
There are no limitations imposed by our memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association that require our Company to disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.
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Exhibit 12.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Yanying Wang, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of NFT Limited (the “Company”); |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| 5. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: May 1, 2026
| /s/ Yanying Wang | ||
| Name: | Yanying Wang | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
|
Exhibit 12.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Jianguang Qian, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of NFT Limited (the “Company”); |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| 5. | The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: May 1, 2026
| /s/ Jianguang Qian | ||
| Name: | Jianguang Qian | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
|
Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION
In connection with the annual report of NFT Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer of the Company does hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge:
| (1) | the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and | |
| (2) | the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
Date: May 1, 2026
| /s/ Yanying Wang | ||
| Name: | Yanying Wang | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
|
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.
Exhibit 13.2
CERTIFICATION
In connection with the annual report of NFT Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer does hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge:
| (1) | the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and | |
| (2) | the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
Date: May 1, 2026
| /s/ Jianguang Qian | ||
| Name: | Jianguang Qian | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
|
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.
Exhibit 15.1
 |
Assentsure PAC UEN: 201816648N 180B Bencoolen Street, #03-01 The Bencoolen, Singapore 189648 https://assentsure.com.sg/ |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form F-3 (file no. 333-284912) of our report dated May 1, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of NFT Limited and its subsidiaries, included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025.
We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in this Registration Statement.
/s/ Assentsure PAC
Singapore
May 1, 2026