Mobile-health Network Solutions 20-F/A for FY2025
Mobile-health Network Solutions (MNDR)
About this 20-F/A
Mobile-health Network Solutions filed this 20-F/A on April 9, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $7.65M
- down 45.3% from $13.97M a year earlier
- Net loss
- $3.38M
- compared with a net loss of $15.6M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$3.82
- compared with -$18.09 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Amendment No. 1)
OR
For
the fiscal year ended
OR
OR
Date of event requiring this shell company report
For the transition period from to
Commission
file number:
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
+65 6222 5223
(Address of principal executive offices)
Telephone:
At the address of the Company set forth above
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
An aggregate of Class A ordinary shares, par value of US$ per share, as of June 30, 2025.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes
☐
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Emerging growth company |
If
an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered
public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If
securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D 1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ | Other ☐ |
| * | If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐ |
If
this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act). Yes ☐ No
EXPLANATORY NOTE
In addition, pursuant to Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the certifications pursuant to Section 302 and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 have been re-executed as of the date of, and are re-filed as part of, this Amendment No. 1 as Exhibits 12.1, 12.2, 13.1 and 13.2.
Other than expressly set forth herein, this Amendment No. 1 does not, and does not purport to, amend or restate any other information contained in the Original Filing nor does this Amendment No. 1 reflect any events that have occurred after the Original Filing was filed.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| EXPLANATORY NOTE | ||
| PART III | ||
| ITEM 17. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 3 |
| ITEM 18. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 3 |
| ITEM 19. | EXHIBITS | 4 |
| 2 |
Part III
Item 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
Item 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated financial statements of Mobile-health Network Solutions, and its operating entities are included at the end of this annual report.
| 3 |
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| F-1 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Mobile-Health Network Solutions
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mobile-Health Network Solutions and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph - Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses from operations that raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
We have served as the Company’s auditors since 2024.
JWF
Assurance PAC
October 31, 2025
| F-2 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Mobile-Health Network Solutions
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mobile-Health Network Solutions and subsidiary (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Revenue recognition – Determination of principal versus agent
As discussed in Notes 2 to the consolidated financial statements, revenue is recognized on a gross or net basis based on whether the Company acts as a principal by controlling the service provided to the consumer, or whether it acts as an agent by arranging for third parties to provide the service to the consumer. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, telemedicine service was resulted in deliveries revenue of $6 million from contractual agreements in which the Company is responsible for arranging telemedicine consultation service provided to patients by in-house doctors and/or external contractual doctors and the Company is therefore acting as a principal.
We identified the determination of principal versus agent for revenue recognition for the telemedicine service arrangements as a critical audit matter. Specifically, subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate whether the Company acted as either a principal or an agent with respect to whether the Company controls the promised service.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Ø |
Obtained understanding the legal requirements and operating environment of medical practice at Singapore. |
| Ø | Obtained and understood the service contracts between the Company, Manadr APP users (i.e. patients) and service provider (i.e. doctors) for telemedine advises subscribed and medical advises and medicine prescription provided; |
| Ø | Performed testing walkthroughs of sales and purchase transactions to confirm the working flow of the key business cycles; |
| Ø | Obtained revenue recognition memo including analysis of principal versus agent along with the management’s conclusion; |
| Ø | Assessed management’s determination of revenue recognition for the telemedicine service arrangements by analyzing whether the Company controls the promised service pursuant to the terms and conditions with Manadr APP users and service providers. |
| Ø | Leveraged the testing result of substantive testing to further verify the management’s conclusion. |
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
Rowland Heights, California
October 27, 2023 except Note 14 and 15 on March 6, 2024
| F-3 |
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||
| Amount due from related parties | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Operating leases right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | ||||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Accruals and other payables | ||||||||
| Amount due to officers | ||||||||
| Amount due to related parties | ||||||||
| Amount due to officers and related parties | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Amount due to officers | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Ordinary shares, Class A, US$ par value, shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025; US$ par value, shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024* | ||||||||
| Ordinary shares, Class B, US$ par value, shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025; US$ par value, shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024* | ||||||||
| Ordinary shares, value | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| * |
| F-4 |
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Cost | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Salaries and benefits (Note 13) | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Government incentives | ||||||||||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | ||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax credit | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation, net of income tax | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss per share* (Note 16) | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | ) | ) | ) | |||||||||
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares* | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| * |
| F-5 |
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Ordinary shares, Class A | Ordinary shares, Class B | Additional | Accumulated other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding* | Par value | Shares Outstanding* | Par value | paid-in capital | Accumulated losses | comprehensive (loss)income | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of July 1, 2022 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares buy back (Note 10) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares (Note 10) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares from private placement exercise (Note 10) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares from public offering exercise (“IPO”) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cashless exercise of common stock warrants | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of SEPA commitment shares (Note 10) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares in relation to the SEPA (Note 10) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of shares issued under securities purchase agreement | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares transfer from class B to class A | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share reverse-split round up | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| * |
| F-6 |
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||
| Non cash lease expenses | ||||||||||||
| Intangible assets written off | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for expected credit loss | ||||||||||||
| Write back of allowance for expected credit loss | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Reversal for provision for stock obsolescence | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Provision for stock obsolescence | ||||||||||||
| Expenses related to SEPA (Note 10) | ||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Change in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accruals and other current liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Operating lease assets and liabilities, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Addition in intangible assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares | ||||||||||||
| Repurchase of ordinary shares issued | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| (Repayment) advance of other payables to related parties | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financial activities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents - end of year | ||||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | ||||||||||||
| Cash refund from income taxes | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-7 |
1 Organization and business overview
Mobile-Health Network Solutions. is an investment holding company incorporated on 28 July 2016 under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Company through its subsidiaries provides telehealth solutions through our MaNaDr platform, which is accessible via our mobile application and website to offer users with a range of seamless and hassle-free telehealth solutions. The platform seeks to offer users the ability to teleconsult with doctors and be prescribed and delivered with the medication at their doorsteps. We also sell prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs and healthcare products directly on our platform and indirectly through the Company’s retail pharmacy network. Mobile-Health Network Solutions and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company”.
The Company is headquartered in Singapore.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following entities:
Schedule of Consolidated Financial Statements of Entities
Name |
Date of incorporation | Percentage of direct or indirect interests | Place of incorporation | Principal activities | ||||
| Mobile-Health Network Solutions | ||||||||
| Manadr Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| Mobile Health Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| 1 Healthservice Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| Mana Aesthetics Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| Manadr Clinic Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| Manadr Vietnam Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| Mobile Health Network Solutions Sdn. Bhd. | ||||||||
| Klinik K Wong Sdn. Bhd. | ||||||||
| PT Mobile Health Network Solution | ||||||||
| Skylink Innovations Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||
| Medilink Clinic Pte. Ltd. |
| (1) |
| F-8 |
| 1 | Organization and business overview (continued) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
| (4) |
2 Summary of significant accounting policies
This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements and has been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.
Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant inter-company balances, inter-company transactions, investment and capital, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Non-controlling interest represents the portion of the net assets of a subsidiary attributable to interests that are not owned by the Company. The non-controlling interest is presented in the consolidated balance sheets, separately from equity attributable to the shareholders of the Company. Non-controlling interest’s operating result is presented on the face of the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income/(loss) as an allocation of the total income/(loss) for the year between non-controlling shareholders and the shareholders of the Company.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, inventory valuation, impairment of long-lived assets, estimated useful life of property and equipment and intangible assets, and allowance for credit losses on receivables, and realisation of deferred tax assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Foreign currency and translation
The functional currency of Mobile-Health Network Solutions and its Singapore subsidiaries is the Singapore dollar (“S$”). The functional currency of the Vietnam subsidiary of the Company is the Vietnamese đống (“VND”). The functional currency of the Malaysia subsidiary of the Company is the Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”). The functional currency of the Indonesia subsidiary of the Company is the Indonesian Rupiah (“IDR”). The reporting currency of the Company is the United States dollar (the “US$”).
| F-9 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Foreign currency and translation (continued)
The financial statements of the Company is translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, the US$. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical costs in foreign currency. Exchange gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
The Company uses the average exchange rate for the year and the exchange rate at the balance sheet date to translate the operating results and financial position, respectively. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in current year are translated into US$ at the appropriate historical rates. Translation differences are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders’ equity.
Going Concern
The
accompanying audited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Group will continue as a going
concern. For the fiscal year ended 30 June 2025, the Group incurred a net loss of US$
To address this uncertainty and support ongoing operations, management has evaluated and initiated several funding and cost mitigation strategies, including:
| ● | Continuing to utilize the At-the-Market (“ATM”) offering and the Share Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) entered into in 2025, both of which remain effective | |
| ● | Exploring private placements of equity securities with potential investors | |
| ● | Implementing cost optimization measures, including the deployment of AI tools to enhance operational efficiency and reduce reliance on human resources |
Management has commenced efforts to raise additional equity financing. However, there can be no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Failure to obtain sufficient funding may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. Accordingly, these factors raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.
While there is no immediate concern regarding liquidation, the uncertainty surrounding future financing and operational cash flows continues to cast doubt on the Group’s ability to meet its obligations as they become due. Management believes that the mitigation plans outlined above, if successfully executed, may alleviate the going concern uncertainty.
The audited consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may be necessary should the Group be unable to continue as a going concern.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. The Company maintains most of its bank accounts in Singapore. Cash and cash equivalents represent cash in bank and are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use.
| F-10 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded net of any allowance for credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated credit losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company’s customers’ financial condition, the receivable amount in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. The Company writes off the receivable when it is determined to be uncollectible.
Other current assets
Other current assets, including deposits, other receivables, income tax receivable and prepayments, are classified based on the terms of the respective agreements. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired.
Inventories, net
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.
The Company reviews inventory quarterly for salability and obsolescence based on expiration dates. A statistical allowance is provided for inventory considered unlikely to be sold. The statistical allowance is based on an analysis of the expiration dates, historical disposal activity, historical customer shipments, as well as estimated future sales. The Company writes off inventory in the period in which disposal occurs.
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Schedule of Property and Equipment Net Useful Life
| Categories | Useful life | |
| Computer and software | ||
| Furniture & fittings | ||
| Office equipment | ||
| Leasehold improvement |
The
cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is
included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred, while additions renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates
of useful lives. For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024,
| F-11 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Intangible assets, net
Intangible
assets represent the Manadr platform, patents and trademarks. These intangible assets arise
primarily from the determination of their respective fair market values at the date of acquisition. The useful life of the intangible
assets is assessed to be finite and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or
In accordance with ASC 350-40 (Internal-Use Software), the Company capitalizes qualifying software development costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to the preliminary project phase and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred, while direct costs associated with coding, testing, and deployment are capitalized.
The capitalization policy applies to both internally developed software and acquired software licenses, provided these assets meet the recognition criteria under ASC 350-40. Once development is complete, capitalized software costs are amortized over their estimated useful life, based on the expected economic benefits to the Company. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of these assets and assesses potential impairment when indicators suggest that the carrying value may exceed the expected future benefits.
We believe the accounting policies discussed here are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, particularly those that require significant management judgment. For a complete discussion of our other significant accounting policies.
Impairment of long-lived assets
The
Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (asset groups), including property and equipment, definite-lived intangible
assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of its asset (asset group) may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing
the carrying amount of the assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (asset
group) and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset
(asset group), the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) over their
fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (asset group), when
the market prices are not readily available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over
the asset’s remaining useful life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which
identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the years ended June 30, 2025
and 2024,
Leases
The Company is a lessee of non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate office premise. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable lease term in calculating the right-of-use assets and liabilities.
The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
| F-12 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
|
Leases (continued)
The
Company evaluates the impairment of its right-of-use assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The
assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future
pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of finance and operating lease liabilities
in any tested asset group and include the associated lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended
June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did
Fair value measurements
The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
| Level 1 | - observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. | |
| Level 2 | - other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. | |
| Level 3 | - unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. |
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, and accruals and other payables approximate their fair values because of their generally short maturities. Other non-current liabilities are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. The carrying amounts of operating lease liabilities and the amount due to officers approximate their fair values since they bear an interest rate which approximates market interest rates.
Revenue recognition
The Company follows the revenue requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606”). The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expect to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.
To achieve that core principle, the Company applies five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.
| F-13 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Revenue recognition (continued)
The Company derives revenue from two main segments: (1) telemedicine and other services; and (2) sale of medicine and medical devices.
Telemedicine and other services
Telemedicine services are provided to both private sector and public sector. The Company earns telemedicine services revenue from private sector by providing teleconsultation services to patients who have subscribed to Manadr APP by contractual service providers and sale of prescribed medicine. Telemedicine revenue derived from public sector represents revenue generated from contracts with the relevant authorities and departments of the Singapore government by providing teleconsultation services to patients identified by the authorities and departments of the Singapore government. Telemedicine services with prescribed medicine are two distinct performance obligations with standalone prices that are fixed and paid post rendering of teleconsultation service with patients. Prescribed medicine will be delivered to the customer on the same day. The amount paid by the patient is then allocated to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately.
Revenue from teleconsultation services and sale of prescribed medicine are recognized at a point in time when the services are rendered and the products are delivered to the customers respectively.
The Company considers the following indicators amongst others when determining whether it is acting as a principal in the contract where revenue would be recorded on a gross basis:
| (i) | the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified products or services; | |
| (ii) | the Company has control over services provided in which the prescription issued by our service providers is under the clinic name of the Company; and | |
| (iii) | the Company has discretion in establishing the price for the specified products or services. |
The services are rendered by the Company’s in-house doctors and external service providers who are registered and credentialed to deliver care on MaNaDr platform. The company contracts with the external service providers who are paid based on the consultation fee set by the Company. Patient contracts with the Company and make payment on the MaNadr platform. In these arrangements, as the Company assumes a principal role in the transaction, revenue is recognized gross. The Company has the right to determine the service price to patients and is responsible for the holding and fulfilment of prescribed medicine to the patients, the Company assumes the credit risk and rewards of ownership of the inventory. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the telemedicine service contracts on a gross basis.
The Company also provided the medical consultation services for the physical walk-in patients in our own clinics. The services are rendered by the Company’s in-house doctors who are registered and credentialed to deliver care for the physical walk-in patients, as well as sale of prescribed medicines.
Sale of medicine
The Company sells prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs and healthcare products to clinics and end customers offline and online. The online transactions are performed through MaNaShop/MaNaStore. These products are purchased by the Company as inventory for onward sale to customers. Revenue from sale of these products under direct sales model is recognized on a gross basis upon delivery of the medicines or products to the customers. For products that are not purchased by the Company as inventory for onward sale to customers through online marketplace model, the Company facilitates setting product prices with vendors. The Company is not responsible for fulfilling the contracts being provided to the customers nor does the Company have inventory risk related to the contracts. Revenue from sale of these products is recognized on a net basis upon delivery of the medicines or products to the customers.
| F-14 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Deferred revenue
Deferred revenue includes amounts collected or billed in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue as the related performance obligations are satisfied. Deferred revenue balances are generally expected to be recognized within 12 months.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue primarily consists of fees paid to the service providers, medicine costs and delivery fees.
Related party transactions
Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.
Segment Reporting
In
accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial
information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), or decision making group,
in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company uses the “management approach” in determining
reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s
CODM for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable segments.
Management, including the CODM maker, reviews operation results by the revenue of different services. Based on management’s assessment,
the Company has determined that it has
| 1. | Telemedicine and other services | |
| 2. | Sale of medicine and medical devices |
Concentrations and credit risk
The
Company maintains its cash balances with banks in the Republic of Singapore. Should any bank holding cash become insolvent, or if the
Company is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose the cash with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced
any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Singapore, a depositor
has up to S$
As
of June 30, 2025 and 2024, $
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalent and accounts receivable. The Company has designed its credit policies with an objective to minimize their exposure to credit risk. The Company’s accounts receivable are short term in nature and the associated risk is minimal. The Company conducts credit evaluations on its clients and generally does not require collateral or other security. The Company periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the existing clients in determining the allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the credit risk of specific clients.
For the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, none of the customers accounted more than 10% of the Company’s total sales.
| F-15 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Concentrations and credit risk (continued)
As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, none of the customers amounted more than 10% of the Company’s account receivables.
For the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, none of the suppliers accounted more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases.
As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, none of the suppliers accounted more than 10% of the account payable.
Employee benefits
Employee benefits are recognized as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalized as an asset.
| i) | Defined contribution plans |
Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which the Company pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid.
| ii) | Short-term compensated absences |
Employee entitlements to annual leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date.
The Company follows ASC 718, Compensation —Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards, including restricted stock units, based on estimated grant date fair values. Restricted stock units are valued using the market price of the Company’s common shares on the date of grant. The Company records compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period.
Awards classified in equity under ASC 718 that may be subject to temporary equity classification include:
| i. | Shares with a repurchase feature that the employee can exercise only after the shares have been vested for at least six months, as well as options on such shares. |
| ii. | Shares that have a contingent repurchase feature that is outside the control of the employee and the entity if it is currently probable that the contingency would not occur. Examples include shares redeemable only on the occurrence of a liquidity event, such as a change of control. |
| iii. | Options that have a contingent cash-settlement provision not within the employee’s or the entity’s control if it is not currently probable that the contingency would occur. |
| F-16 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Common stock purchase warrants
Common stock purchase warrants are classified as equity if the contracts (1) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (2) give the Company a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). Contracts which (1) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the control of the Company), (2) give the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement), or (3) that contain reset provisions that do not qualify for the scope exception are classified as liabilities. The Company assesses the classification of its common stock purchase warrants at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between equity and liabilities is required.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also provided for net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future taxable income.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period including the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
The provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures.
The Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation that have been excluded from the determination of net income (loss).
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic EPS, except the number of shares include additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding if potential ordinary shares with a dilutive effect had been issued. When the Company has a loss, diluted shares are not included as their effect would be anti-dilutive. The Company has no dilutive securities or debt for each of the years end June 30, 2025 and 2024.
| F-17 |
| 2 | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company is an “emerging growth company “ (“EGC “) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act “). Under the JOBS Act, EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company made the election to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards.
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued new guidance to improve comprehensive income disclosures. The guidance requires disaggregation of income statement expense. The guidance will be effective for the Company beginning with annual reporting for fiscal year ending December 31, 2027 and interim periods thereafter. The Company is currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on its income statement expenses disclosures.
Except as mentioned above, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current business factors, and various other assumptions deemed necessary for determining the carrying values of assets and liabilities, the recognition of revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Given the uncertainties associated with future events, economic and political factors, and changes in the business environment, actual results may differ from these estimates. As new events occur and additional information becomes available, the Company continuously evaluates and updates its accounting estimates in response to evolving operational conditions.
3 Accounts receivable, net
Schedule of accounts receivable, net
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Less: allowance for expected credit loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total accounts receivable | ||||||||
Movements of allowance for expected credit loss are as follows:
Schedule of movements of allowance for expected credit loss
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Allowance for expected credit loss, beginning balance | ||||||||
| Reversal | ( | ) | ||||||
| Addition | ||||||||
| Exchange difference | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total accounts receivable | ||||||||
The recoverability is uncertain therefore the receivable amount due from the customer was fully reserved for allowance for expected credit loss.
| F-18 |
4 Inventories, net
Schedule of inventories, net
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Medicines and medical devices | ||||||||
| Less: Allowance for stock obsolescence | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total inventories, net | ||||||||
Movements of allowance for stock obsolescence are as follows:
Schedule of allowance for stock obsolescence
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Allowance for stock obsolesces, beginning balance | ||||||||
| Reversal | ( | ) | ||||||
| Exchange difference | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Allowance for stock obsolesces ending balance | ||||||||
There
are
5 Other assets
Schedule of other assets
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Deposits | ||||||||
| Prepayments | ||||||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current | ||||||||
| Other receivable | ||||||||
6 Property and equipment, net
Schedule of property and equipment, net
| Computer and | Furniture and | Office | Leasehold | |||||||||||||||||
| Software | Fittings | Equipment | Improvement | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At July 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At July 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net book value as at June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net book value as at June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| F-19 |
6 Property and equipment, net (continued)
Depreciation
expenses for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were US$
7 Intangible assets, net
Schedule of intangible assets, net
| MaNaDr APP | Software under | |||||||||||||||||||
| Patent | Software | Trademarks | Development | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At July 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At July 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Addition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange translation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net book value as at June 30, 2025 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net book value as at June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization
expenses for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were US$
| F-20 |
7 Intangible assets, net (continued)
Based on the carrying value of definite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2025, the Company estimates its amortization expense for following years will be as follows:
Schedule of amortization expense
| Amortization expense | ||||
| US$ | ||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total amortization expense | ||||
8 Leases
The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception. US GAAP requires that the Company’s leases be evaluated and classified as operating or finance leases for financial reporting purposes. The classification evaluation begins at the commencement date and the lease term used in the evaluation includes the non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset, together with renewal option periods when the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain and failure to exercise such option which results in an economic penalty.
The
Company has entered six lease agreements, including four for office premises, one for clinic premise and one for pharmacy premise, with
lease terms ranging from
Incremental rate applied to ROU and lease liabilities calculation refer to the central bank of Singapore.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company subsisted of the following non-cancellable lease contracts.
Schedule of non-cancellable lease contracts
| Description of lease | Lease term | |
| Office premises, Vision exchange #07-08 | ||
| Office premises, Vision exchange #07-06/07 | ||
| Office premises, Vision exchange #07-04 | ||
| Office premises, Icon 4 Tower #243A | ||
| City Gate, Clinic #01-12 | ||
| Clinic #46 SS2/67 |
(a) Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheet:
Schedule of consolidated balance sheet
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Right-of-use assets – operating leases | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Non-current | ||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| F-21 |
| 8 | Leases (continued) |
(b) A summary of lease cost recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
Summary of lease cost
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Operating lease cost | ||||||||
Other information related to leases in as follows:
Schedule of other information leases
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | % | % | ||||||
As of June 30, 2025, the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities (excluding short-term leases) are as following:
Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities
| Years ending June 30, | US$ | |||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| Total future minimum lease payments | ||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of operating lease liabilities | ||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ) | ||
| Long-term portion | ||||
9 Accruals and other payables
Schedule of accruals and other payables
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Accruals | ||||||||
| Staff salaries | ||||||||
| Professional and consultancy fee | ||||||||
| GST payables | ||||||||
| Total accruals and other payables | ||||||||
The accruals of professional and consultancy fee represent audit fee, Singapore and US legal counsel review fee, market research fee and other professional consultancy related expenses.
GST payable represents goods and services tax imposed by the Singapore authorities, collected from customers and patient, to be remitted to the local tax authorities. The Company’s policy is to record the GST collected as a liability on the books and then remove the liability when the sales tax is remitted. There is no impact on the statement of operations as revenue is recorded net of GST.
| F-22 |
10 Shareholders’ Equity
Ordinary shares
The
Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on 28 July 2016. The authorized share capital of the Company is US$
The Company issued (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares and (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class B Ordinary Shares as of 30 June 2024.
During the period from August 2023 to January 2024, the Company had issued a total of (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) at US$ (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) per share to eight investors for a total consideration of US$ (S$). The Company had received the consideration in full.
In February 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation), comprising (i) (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) issued to 5 advisors of the Company in consideration for services provided to the Company pursuant to various agreements. The Company recorded share-based compensation of US$ in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss; and (ii) (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation ) issued to certain employees of the Company pursuant to the Incentive Plan. The Company recorded share-based compensation of US$ in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss As of June 30, 2024, there was outstanding stock options granted under the Incentive Plan.
On February 19, 2024, the Company completed the sub-division of the issued Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each in the capital of the Company into ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation). Before the subdivision, the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding was (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares and (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class B Ordinary Shares. After the subdivision, the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding was (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares and (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class B Ordinary Shares.
On
April 9, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Network 1 Financial Securities Inc. (the “Underwriter”)
who is acting as an underwriter of the Company.
On April 12, 2024, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation), which includes (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares subject to the over-allotment option being exercised by the Underwriter, at a price of US$ (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) per Class A Ordinary Shares.
On
April 19, 2024, the Underwriter exercised fully its warrants on a cashless basis, pursuant to the underwriting agreement signed on
April 12, 2024. The Company issued an aggregate of
(given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of
US$
each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) upon the exercise of warrants. There was
| F-23 |
| 10 | Shareholders’ Equity (continued) |
Ordinary shares (continued)
On February 3, 2025, Shareholders approved the Company undertakes a share consolidation (the “Share Consolidation”) whereby every eight issued and unissued existing Class A Ordinary Shares of a par value of US$ each of the Company (the “Pre-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares”) shall be combined into one Class A Ordinary Share of the Company of a par value of US$ each (the “Post-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares”), with such Post-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares having the same rights and being subject to the same restrictions as the Pre-Consolidation Class A Ordinary and every eight (8) issued and unissued existing Class B Ordinary Shares of a par value of US$ each of the Company (the “Pre-Consolidation Class B Ordinary Shares”, together with the Pre-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares, the “Pre-Consolidation Ordinary Shares”) shall be combined into one Class B Ordinary Share of the Company of a par value of US$ each (the “Post-Consolidation Class B Ordinary Shares”, together with the Post-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares, the “Post-Consolidation Ordinary Shares”), with such Post-Consolidation Class B Ordinary Shares having the same rights and being subject to the same restrictions as the Pre-Consolidation Class B Ordinary Shares, with such Share Consolidation to be effective from 28 February 2025.
On February 28, 2025, the Company effected the Share Consolidation, and as a result, (i) every eight (8) Pre-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares were combined into one Post-Consolidation Class A Ordinary Shares, and (ii) every eight (8) Pre-Consolidation Class B Ordinary Shares were combined into one Post-Consolidation Class B Ordinary Share. As a result of the Share Consolidation, the number of outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares were reduced from Class A Ordinary Shares to approximately Class A Ordinary Shares (subject to rounding up of fractional shares to the nearest whole number).
Upon the opening of business on March 10, 2025, the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) on a post-share combination basis under the current symbol “MNDR”.On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Indopacific and Natali Ardianto. pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares, valued at US$ (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) per share, for US$, subject to certain closing conditions.
Standby Equity Subscription Agreement
On February 14, 2025 (the “Effective Date”), Mobile-health Network Solutions. (the “Company”), entered into a standby equity subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with YA II PN, Ltd. (“Yorkville”), pursuant to which the Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to issue to Yorkville, and Yorkville shall have the obligation to subscribe for, Class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company, par value US$ per share, (the “ordinary shares”) for an aggregate subscription amount of up to US$ million (the “Commitment Amount”), at any time during the commitment period of 36 months from the Effective Date, subject to certain conditions.
Each
ordinary share to be issued to Yorkville from time to time under the Subscription Agreement will be issued at
| F-24 |
| 10 | Shareholders’ Equity (continued) |
Standby Equity Subscription Agreement (continued)
With
respect to each Advance Notice, the Company may notify Yorkville of the Minimum Acceptable Price with respect to such Advance by indicating
a Minimum Acceptable Price on such Advance Notice. If no Minimum Acceptable Price is specified in an Advance Notice, then no Minimum
Acceptable Price shall be in effect in connection with such Advance. Each Trading Day during a Pricing Period for which (A) with respect
to each Advance Notice with a Minimum Acceptable Price, the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares is below the Minimum Acceptable Price in effect
with respect to such Advance Notice, or (B) there is no VWAP (each such day, an “Excluded Day”), shall result in an automatic
reduction to the number of Advance Shares set forth in such Advance Notice by one third (1/3) (the resulting amount of each Advance being
the “Adjusted Advance Amount”), and each Excluded Day shall be excluded from the Pricing Period for purposes of determining
the Market Price. The total Advance Shares in respect of each Advance with any Excluded Day(s) (after reductions have been made to arrive
at the Adjusted Advance Amount) shall be automatically increased by such number of Ordinary Shares (the “Additional Shares”)
equal to the greater of (a) the number of Ordinary Shares sold by Yorkville on such Excluded Day(s), if any, or (b) such number of Ordinary
Shares elected to be subscribed for by Yorkville, and the subscription price per share for each Additional Share shall be equal to the
Minimum Acceptable Price in effect with respect to such Advance Notice multiplied by
The Advances are subject to certain limitations, including that Yorkville shall not be obligated to subscribe for or acquire, and shall not subscribe for or acquire, any ordinary shares which, when aggregated with all other ordinary shares acquired by Yorkville under the Subscription Agreement, would result in it beneficially owning more than % of the ordinary shares then issued at the time of an Advance (the “Ownership Limitation”) or acquiring since the Effective Date under the Subscription Agreement more than % of the ordinary shares as of the Effective Date (the “Exchange Cap”). The Exchange Cap will not apply under certain circumstances, including, where the Company has obtained shareholder approval for issuances of ordinary shares in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq or such issuances do not require shareholder approval under Nasdaq’s “minimum price rule.”
In
connection with entry into the Subscription Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Yorkville a structuring fee in the amount of US$
The Company evaluated the contract that includes the right to require Yorkville to purchase ordinary shares in the future (“put right”) considering the guidance in ASC 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts on an Entity’s Own Equity” and concluded that it is an equity-linked contract that does not qualify for equity classification, and therefore requires fair value accounting, and thus meets the definition of a derivative liability. Accordingly, the put right will be measured at fair value at each reporting period, and changes in its fair value will be recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss. The put right is measured under level 2 of the Fair Value hierarchy. The Company analyzed the terms of the freestanding put right and concluded that it has an immaterial value as of June 30, 2025.
As
of June 30, 2025, the Company had issued an aggregate of (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares.
This includes (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares issued on March 3, 2025 as a commitment fee, representing
| F-25 |
11 Related party transactions and balances
The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
Schedule of sets forth major related parties and their relationships
| Name of related parties | Relationship with the Company | |
| Manadr Medical Holdings Pte. Ltd. (dba. Healthlight Family Medicine Clinic) | ||
| Kim JL Healthcare Pte. Ltd. (dba. Punggol Ripples Family Clinic) | ||
| EC Family Clinic Pte. Ltd. | ||
| Manadr Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. | ||
| Rachel Teoh Pui Pui | ||
| Siaw Tung Yeng |
The
Company provided services to Manadr Medical Holdings Pte. Ltd. amounting to $
The
Company provided services to Kim JL Healthcare Pte. Ltd. amounting to $
The
Company provided services to EC Family Clinic Pte. Ltd. amounting to $
The
Company received goods and services from Rachel Teoh Pui Pui amounting to $
The
Company received goods and services from Siaw Tung Yeng amounting to $
| F-26 |
12 Segment Reporting
Based on management’s assessment, the Company has determined that it has two operating segments as follows:
| 1) | Telemedicine and other services | |
| 2) | Sale of medicine and medical devices |
Schedule of management’s assessment for two operating segments
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Telemedicine and other services | ||||||||||||
| Sale of medicine and medical devices | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||
| Telemedicine and other services | ||||||||||||
| Sale of medicine and medical services | ||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | ||||||||||||
The following tables present summary information by segment for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
Schedule of present summary information by segment
| Years Ended June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Telemedicine and other services | Sale of medicine and medical devices | Consolidated totals | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total reportable assets | ||||||||||||
| F-27 |
| 12 | Segment Reporting (continued) |
| Years Ended June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Telemedicine and other services | Sale of medicine and medical devices | Consolidated totals | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total reportable assets | ||||||||||||
| Years Ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Telemedicine services | Sale of medicine and medical devices | Consolidated totals | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total reportable assets | ||||||||||||
13 Salaries and benefits
The following table presents the Group’s employee welfare benefits expenses:
Schedule of employee welfare benefits expenses
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Wages and salaries | ||||||||||||
| Benefits | ||||||||||||
| Pensions-defined contribution | ||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
| F-28 |
14 Taxes
Income Taxes
Caymans
The Company is domiciled in the Cayman Island. The locality currently enjoys permanent income tax holidays; accordingly, the Company does not accrue for income taxes.
Singapore
The
Singapore subsidiaries are incorporated in Singapore and are subject to Singapore Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in
its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Singapore tax laws. The applicable tax rate is
Vietnam
The
Vietnam subsidiary is incorporated in Vietnam and is subject to Vietnam Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory
financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Vietnam tax laws. The applicable tax rate is
Malaysia
The
Malaysia subsidiaries are incorporated in Malaysia and are subject to Malaysia Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in its
statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Malaysia tax laws. The applicable tax rate is
Indonesia
The
Indonesia subsidiary is incorporated in Indonesia and is subject to Indonesia Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in its
statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Indonesia tax laws. The applicable tax rate is
Significant components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
Schedule of significant components of the provision for income taxes
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Income tax credit is comprised of the following: | ||||||||||||
| Current | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total income tax credit | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| F-29 |
| 14 | Taxes (continued) |
A reconciliation between the Company’s actual provision for income tax and the provision at the Singapore statutory rate was as follows:
Schedule of reconciliation provision for income tax and the provision at the singapore statutory rate
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Loss before tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss tax expense computed at statutory rate | ( | %) | ( | %) | ( | %) | ||||||
| Reconciling items: | ||||||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses | % | % | % | |||||||||
| Income not subject to tax | ( | %) | ( | %) | ( | %) | ||||||
| Underprovision in respect of prior years | % | % | % | |||||||||
| Utilization of previously unrecognized tax losses | % | % | % | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets not recognised | % | ( | %) | % | ||||||||
| Others | % | % | % | |||||||||
| Effective tax rate | % | % | % | |||||||||
Deferred tax assets
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company only consider to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Company can utilize the benefits. After consideration of all the information available, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because the Company has determined that is it more likely than not that these assets will not be fully realized due to continuous net operating losses incurred in those geographic areas.
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||
In March 2023, the Company has established the Employee Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to which the right to subscribe for Class A Ordinary Shares may be granted to employees, advisors, directors, and consultants of the Company, who meet the eligibility criteria in accordance with the rules of the Plan. The Plan will subsist from March 2023 till the date of the listing of the Company on a securities exchange or till the date on which the Plan is terminated by the Employee Incentive Plan Committee of the Company, whichever is earlier.
| F-30 |
| 15 | Share-based compensation (continued) |
Shares Options
In August and December 2023, the Company granted a total of (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Option Shares to certain employees under the Plan. In February 2024, the Option Shares were vested and exercised, the Company issued Shares (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary of a nominal or par value of US$ each (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) to the employees of the Company pursuant to the Plan.
In June 2025, the Company granted the (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Option Shares under the Plan and the stock options have an exercise price of US$ (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) per share.
In June 2025, the Company granted a total of (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Option Shares to certain employees under the Plan. In addition, the options may be exercised upon the third anniversary from the grant date.
Schedule of stock options activity
| Weighted | ||||||||
| Number of | average grant | |||||||
| shares | date fair value | |||||||
| Outstanding as of June 30, 2023 | ||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | ||||||
| Outstanding as of July 1, 2024 | ||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||
| Outstanding as of Jun 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| Vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| Expected to vest as of June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
The fair value of the Class A Ordinary Shares issued to employees was measured using the Black-Scholes method. A summary of the measurement of the fair value and inputs at grant date is as follows:
Schedule of measurement of the fair value and inputs at grant date
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Fair value at grant date (weighted average) | US$ | US$ | ||||||
| Exercise price at grant date (weighted average) | US$ | US$ | ||||||
| Expected volatility (weighted average) | % | % | ||||||
| Expected terms (years) (weighted average) | ||||||||
| Expected dividend (weighted average) | ||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate (weighted average) | % | % | ||||||
Risk-free interest rate is estimated based on the yield curve of US Government Bond as of the option valuation date. The expected volatility at the grant date and each option valuation date is estimated based on annualized standard deviation of stock price return of comparable companies with a time horizon close to the expected term of the options. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital stock, and the Company does not anticipate any dividend payments in the foreseeable future. Expected term is the average period of time from the grant date to the exercise date or the forfeiture date.
During the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized share-based compensation of US$ and US$ respectively in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, there was US$ and of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of years.
| F-31 |
| 15 | Share-based compensation (continued) |
Share-based compensation to non-employees
In February 2024, the Company issued (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares issued to certain advisors of the Company in consideration for the past services to the Company in connection with the listing and business developments.
The fair value of the Class A Ordinary Shares issued to advisors was measured using probability-weighted-average method. The weighted average fair value of the Class A Ordinary Shares issued to advisors during the year ended was S$ per share (given effect of the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation).
During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized share-based compensation of $ in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Restricted share units
In June 2025, the Company granted a total of (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Restricted Shares to certain employees under the Plan. The Company is intended to align employee incentives with shareholder interests, attract and retain qualified personnel, and support long-term value creation. The fair value of restricted share units is based on the fair market value of the underlying ordinary shares on the date of grant.
Schedule of unvested restricted stock activity
| Weighted | ||||||||
| Number of | average grant | |||||||
| shares | date fair value | |||||||
| Unvested as of Jul 1, 2024 | ||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ||||||||
| Unvested as of Jun 30, 2025 | ||||||||
As of June 30, 2025, a total of (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) Class A Ordinary Shares had been granted and vested under the 2025 ESOS at an exercise price of US$ (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation) per share.
During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognised share-based compensation of US$ for restricted shares in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2025, there was outstanding unvested restricted shares under the Plan.
| F-32 |
As the Group incurred losses for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the potential ordinary shares including unvested shares of (given effect of the Second Share Consolidation), and were anti-dilutive and excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share of the Company.
Schedule of earnings per share, basic and diluted
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period attributable to shareholders | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of ordinary shares, basic | ||||||||||||
| Net loss per share attributable to shareholders, basic | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
17 Contingencies and commitment
Operating lease:
The
company entered into lease agreements to rent the office premises for its own use. The office lease agreements included Vision exchange
office unit #07-04, #07-06, #07-07 and #07-08 in Singapore and Icon 4 Tower office #234A in Vietnam. The company also entered into lease
agreements to rent one clinic and pharmacy each for business operation purpose. The monthly lease fee for all these premises are approximately
equivalent to $
18 Subsequent events
At The Market (ATM) Agreement
On
July 15, 2025, the Company entered into a sales agreement with A.G.P./Alliance Global (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the
Company may sell from time to time, at its option, the Company’s Class A ordinary shares, par value US$ per share through
or to the Agent, as sales agent or principal. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, under the prospectus, the Company
may offer and sell its Class A Ordinary Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $ from time to time through or
to the Agent. The sale, if any, of the Class A Ordinary Shares under the Sales Agreement will be made by any method permitted that is
deemed to be an “at-the-market” equity offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933,
including sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other trading market for the Class A Ordinary Shares. Subject to the
terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Agent will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Class A Ordinary Shares from
time to time, based on the Company’s instructions. The compensation payable to the Agent as sales agent shall be
| F-33 |
| 18 | Subsequent events (continued) |
Security Purchase Agreement
As
previously disclosed on the May 2025 Form 6-K, (a) on April 4, 2025, the Company and Indopacific Health Investment Corporation Pte. Ltd.
(“Indopacific”) executed a non-binding term sheet (“Term Sheet”) for the acquisition of Indopacific through a
share exchange; and (b) to effect the Interim Financing contemplated under the Term Sheet, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with Indopacific and Natali Ardianto on May 2, 2025, pursuant to which the Company has issued and sold an aggregate of
class A ordinary shares for $
Except as noted below, the Company has assessed all events of transactions that occurred after June 30, 2025 through the date that these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued and other than the following, there are no further material subsequent events that require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements.
Reverse Split
The
Company’s Extraordinary General Meeting held on September 11, 2025, the Company’s shareholders approved (i) the
| F-34 |
Item 19. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
| * | Previously filed or furnished with the Original Filing |
| ** | Filed or furnished with this Amendment No. 1 |
| (1) | Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41990), as amended, filed with the SEC on August 25, 2025 |
| (2) | Incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-2772543), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024. |
| (3) | Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41990), filed with the SEC on September 20, 2024, as amended to give effect to the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation. |
| (4) | Incorporated herein by reference to our Form 20-F (File No. 001-41990), filed with the SEC on October 23, 2024 |
| (5) | Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-288693), filed with the SEC on July 17, 2025 |
| (6) | Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to our Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41990), filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025 |
| (7) | Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41990), filed with the SEC on May 5, 2025 |
| (8) | Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-287827), filed with the SEC on June 6, 2025, as amended to give effect to the First Share Consolidation and Second Share Consolidation |
| 4 |
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS | ||
| By: | /s/ Siaw Tung Yeng | |
| Siaw Tung Yeng | ||
| Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: April 9, 2026 | ||
| 5 |
EXHIBIT 12.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Siaw Tung Yeng, Co-Chief Executive Officer, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 20-F of Mobile-Health Network Solutions: | |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this Annual Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading regarding the period covered by this Annual Report; | |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Annual Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Annual Report; | |
| 4. | The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Annual Report is being prepared; | ||
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | ||
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Annual Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report based on such evaluation; and | ||
| (d) | Disclosed in this Annual Report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | ||
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Dated: April 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Siaw Tung Yeng |
| Name: | Siaw Tung Yeng | |
| Title: | Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
Signature Page to Form 20-F/A
EXHIBIT 12.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Leong Aik Huat, Chief Financial Officer, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 20-F of Mobile-Heath Network Solutions; | |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this Annual Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading regarding the period covered by this Annual Report; | |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Annual Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Annual Report; | |
| 4. | The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Annual Report is being prepared; | ||
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | ||
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Annual Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report based on such evaluation; and | ||
| (d) | Disclosed in this Annual Report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | ||
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Dated: April 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Leong Aik Huat |
| Name: | Leong Aik Huat | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Signature Page to Form 20-F/A
EXHIBIT 13.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report of Mobile-Health Network Solutions (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Annual Report”), I, Siaw Tung Yeng, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Annual Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
| Dated: April 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Siaw Tung Yeng |
| Name: | Siaw Tung Yeng | |
| Title: | Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
Signature Page to Form 20-F/A
EXHIBIT 13.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report of Mobile-Health Network Solutions (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Annual Report”), I, Leong Aik Huat, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Annual Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
| Dated: April 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Leong Aik Huat |
| Name: | Leong Aik Huat | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Signature Page to Form 20-F/A
EXHIBIT 23.1
 |  |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Mobile-Health Network Solutions of our report dated October 31, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Mobile-Health Network Solutions and its subsidiaries, appearing in such Annual Report on Form 20-F.
/s/ JWF Assurance PAC
JWF Assurance PAC
Singapore
April 9, 2026
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