Good day and welcome to the Momentus, Inc. Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. I will now hand today's call over to Mr. Darryl Genovesi, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Tamika, and good morning everyone. Welcome to Momentus’s second quarter 2022 earnings conference call. With me here today are John Rood, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Chairman of its Board of Directors, as well as Jikun Kim, Chief Financial Officer. Each will provide prepared remarks. Following these prepared remarks, we will take questions from analysts. In the interest of time, we would ask that you limit yourself to one question and one brief follow-up. Earlier today, we issued a press release and made a slide presentation available on our Investor Relations website, which provides an overview of our business and financial highlights for the quarter. You can download a copy of the press release and presentation slides at investors.momentus.space. During today's call, we will make certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are predictions, projections and other statements about future events that are based on current expectations and assumptions, and as a result, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this communication. You should listen to today's call with the understanding that our actual results may be materially different from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. For more information about factors that may cause actual results to materially differ from forward-looking statements, please refer to the earnings press release we issued today as well as the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and the company specifically disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements that may be discussed during this call. Please also note that we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial information on today's call. You can find reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measures in our earnings press release. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, John Rood.

Thank you, Darryl. Good afternoon. I'm delighted to be here today to talk to you about the progress that we made during the second quarter and our plans for the future. This was an eventful quarter for Momentus as we put our historical regulatory difficulties behind us and launched our first Vigoride in this space. I'd like to extend a heartfelt thank you to the Momentus team, which continues to drive progress towards our goal of providing the backbone infrastructure services to support the emerging space economy. I'll provide some high-level comments on our activities during the second quarter. Then I'll spend some time discussing our plan for the second half of the year in 2023 with some emphasis on the planned cost reductions that we're implementing to conserve cash and extend our runway through the end of 2023. After I make my comments, our CFO Jikun Kim will take you through the Q2 financial highlights and financial outlook. Turning to slide three. The company made a lot of progress since our last earnings call. Highlights included retiring regulatory issues that we previously experienced and obtaining US government licenses, completing assembly and ground testing of the Vigoride 3 orbital transfer vehicles, conducting the first launch of the Vigoride orbital transfer vehicle, deploying two customer satellites from Vigoride 3 during the second quarter and four more in the third quarter for a total of six customer satellites deployed from Vigoride 3 so far. Deploying an additional Momentus customer satellite from a third-party deployment system, which brings to a total of seven Momentus customer satellites placed in lower orbit thus far of Vigoride and the third-party system combined. Analyzing the results of our Vigoride 3 mission and identifying the root cause of each of the anomalies experienced during the mission and completing an in-depth review by an independent review team of experts. Finally, making solid progress on the preparation, assembly and testing of our next Vigoride orbital transfer vehicle that we plan to launch on the SpaceX Transporter-6 mission targeted for November of 2022. Corrective actions to address all of the anomalies experienced on Vigoride 3 will be implemented on the Vigoride 5 vehicle that is targeted for launch in November and we are on track to complete these modifications before the launch. We're pleased as I said to have retired regulatory issues that we previously experienced and I'll talk about that. In particular, we continue to effectively implement our National Security Agreement overseen by the Department of Defense and Department of the Treasury. We secured all necessary government licenses and approvals to launch our first orbital transfer vigor vehicle Vigoride 3 to space, including a second license update from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA authorizing Vigoride 3 to operate at camera in space which we received on April 27. A license from the Federal Communications Commission or FCC authorizing Momentus to use radio frequencies to communicate with Vigoride, which we received on April 28. Momentus also received Special Temporary Authorization or STA licenses from the FCC on June 9 and a 30-day extension on July 13. Finally, a favorable payload determination from the Federal Aviation Administration or FAA, which we received on May 4. As we look forward to our future missions, Momentus will no longer need to apply for a separate FAA payload determination. In the future, Momentus will be treated the same as the other payloads being launched to orbit by launch service providers, such as SpaceX who typically obtain such licenses from the FAA for their launch missions and the payloads they carry. Momentus will not need to reapply for NOAA licenses either, unless we make changes to Vigoride’s cameras. That's because our existing NOAA license permits such activities. Like others in the space industry, we will need to apply to the FCC for radio spectrum licensing. In fact, we have already submitted our application for such a license from the FCC for the next launch of our Vigoride orbital transfer vehicle targeted for November. The changes I've just described to our licensing requirements speaks to the progress we've made in improving the company's relationship with the US government. It took an enormous amount of effort to get here and we're glad to put our historical regulatory difficulties behind us so we can focus on developing our technology. Let me talk now about our progress on technology development. Momentus has made substantial progress on technology development during the second quarter, achieving some major milestones, such as conducting our first launch of our Vigoride orbital transfer vehicle, we completed remaining ground testing on our first spacecraft Vigoride 3, we then integrated customer payloads and shifted the spacecraft to the launch site at Cape Canaveral, Florida. On May 25, we sent Vigoride 3 to low Earth orbit, onboard the SpaceX Transporter-5 mission, which utilizes the Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Recall, from our last conference call, the primary objective of our inaugural demonstration mission was to test Vigoride on orbit, learn as much as possible from any issues encountered and incorporate lessons learned in the future Vigoride vehicles as we work to eventually certify a design for production. Experience is the best teacher. With that in mind, we have learned a lot from the Vigoride 3 so far and are busy implementing the lessons learned in our future spacecraft. While the primary objective of our first demonstration mission was to learn as much as possible, we also carried nine satellites onboard Vigoride 3 and another payload for testing in space for a total of three customers. We deployed two of these customer satellites during the second quarter from Vigoride and then Vigoride deployed four more customer satellites during the third quarter for a total of six satellites deployed from the Vigoride 3 vehicle thus far with three more satellites remaining onboard. As we reported in our June 13 mission update and as can be expected on our first slide, we experienced some issues during the mission. After being launched to low Earth orbit aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle, the Vigoride 3 vehicles successfully separated from the launch vehicle. We subsequently established two-way communications with Vigoride 3 from our mission control center. We discovered that Vigoride 3 had experienced anomalies after its launch, primarily related to its deployable solar arrays. This placed the spacecraft in a low power situation. Since that time, we've been working to address these anomalies and deploy our satellites. While we established two-way communications with Vigoride 3 on May 26 and confirmed on May 28 that we had successfully commanded it to deploy two customer satellites. We've not been able to continue two-way communication with the spacecraft since that time, given its low power state, although we have continued to broadcast commands to the vehicle from ground stations. As disclosed on June 13, we've determined that Vigoride 3's deployable solar arrays, which are produced by a third party and are folded up during launch, did not operate as intended once in orbit. The body-mounted solar panels on Vigoride 3 that are fixed worked normally, providing some power to the spacecraft. This resulted in low power and communications issues with the vehicle. We have been working closely with the producer of the solar arrays and have identified the root cause of the deployable solar arrays not operating as intended, which was a mechanical issue with a hold down bracket and a connector pin that did not release as intended. We also believe we've identified the root cause of the other anomalies that we experienced during this low power state with other spacecraft systems. We had an independent review team of highly experienced space experts in the relevant areas examine the data and they concurred with the findings on root causes and corrective actions of the Momentus engineering team. We purposely designed redundancy into the Vigoride 3 spacecraft to create a more robust system, including by equipping the spacecraft with a mechanism to autonomously deploy customer satellites should this spacecraft lose communications with ground stations. Subsequent to the close of the quarter, Vigoride 3 deployed four additional customer satellites, including two on July 17 and two more on July 29. Again, in total, the Vigoride spacecraft has now deployed six of its nine customer satellites. The company is continuing efforts to deploy the remaining three customer satellites. Many systems and processes needed to come together for a spacecraft to operate, while we can simulate some of this on the ground there is simply no substitute for the knowledge gained by flying the vehicle on orbit. In the history of space flight, it's common to experience issues, particularly on early missions. Our primary objective here was to learn, and learn we did about many important areas that either performed as intended or needed improvement from structures to software, avionics, thermal, and on-orbit dynamics to name just a few. Again, we did not have issues in all of these areas. When things perform as intended you also learn from that experience. In the cases where we experienced anomalies we quickly identified root causes of all the anomalies and are implementing corrective actions ahead of our next mission. Turning to slide four. Recall from our last conference call that we had two ports on the May Transporter-5 mission. We used our first port for Vigoride 3 as I described; on our second port, we used deployer hardware from one of our business partners to deploy customer payloads directly from the SpaceX rocket. That third-party deployers system, which is shown in the picture, deployed five satellites for four different customers, including one Momentus customer satellite and four of our partner's customer satellites. With the deployment of one Momentus customer satellite from this third-party deployer system, we have now deployed a total of seven customer satellites, that is six satellites from Vigoride 3 thus far and one satellite from this third-party deployer system. As I said on our last earnings call, this third-party deployer system cannot provide last mile transportation service to precise orbits like Vigoride is designed to do. However, it meets the needs of some of our customers and potential customers, particularly those who don't need to get to a precise orbit and have less complex requirements. This represents an effort to explore other market segments that are adjacent to our current addressable market with Vigoride. Offering a lower cost option alongside Vigoride allows us to address the market broadly in multiple ways and serve the diverse needs of our customers more economically than we could if we flew every one of them on more capable Vigoride vehicles. We are happy with how the system performs and are evaluating the business case for expansion into these adjacent market segments. Turning to slide five. We continue to build out and improve our executive leadership team, adding high-caliber individuals that bring the type of experience and skill sets we need to grow our business. On our last call, I introduced the new leaders of our engineering, manufacturing, and supply chain teams: Charles Chase, our Vice President of Engineering; Nick Zello, our VP of Manufacturing and Operations; and Gary Bartmann, our VP of Supply Chain, all joined full-time in the second quarter and are already making significant contributions to our efforts to develop, manufacture, and test our Vigoride vehicles. Krishnan Anand is the latest addition to the superb group we've assembled to lead our technical team. Krishnan joined in late July as our Vice President of Program Management. Krishnan will be responsible for overseeing daily program management activities to meet cost, schedule, and performance requirements in our spacecraft. Krishnan brings a successful track record scaling up program management at Kitty Hawk, a Silicon Valley start-up that is developing electric airplanes, as well as a long career as an engineer and program manager at Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company. Consistent with the strategy that we discussed on our prior call, we have also been adding engineering talent below the executive level. Looking forward, we plan to continue to opportunistically populate our company with talented individuals to position the company for a bright future. Turning to slide six. As I previewed in my introduction, we have developed and are now implementing a plan to reduce our operating costs. With these reductions, we now estimate that the cash on our balance sheet should carry us through the end of 2023. While we plan to be opportunistic about raising capital when we can, we believe it's prudent to plan to extend our existing cash runway, given the state of capital markets. We plan to fly our second Vigoride vehicle to low Earth orbit on the SpaceX Transporter-6 mission, which is currently targeted for November of 2022. We have also reserved space for Vigoride vehicles on Transporter-7 which SpaceX is currently targeting for February 2023, followed by Transporter-8, which is currently targeted for May of 2023 and Transporter-9, which is currently targeted for October of 2023. Over the next three months, our priority will be to apply all that we learned from our inaugural mission to ensure that our second mission is productive and puts us on a path to establish minimum product viability with Vigoride, and to do so as efficiently and affordably as we can. Turning to slide seven. We plan to achieve some of the cost reductions that we're announcing today by exploiting operational efficiencies and cutting overhead spending. Another portion of our reductions relates to delaying R&D projects that we had previously planned for the second half of 2022 and 2023 and reducing spending on our efforts to develop a reusable version of our Vigoride vehicle. We continue to believe it is important for us to eventually develop a reusable Vigoride vehicle as this has the potential to reduce our two largest cost items, manufacturing costs and launch costs, while also allowing us to add new revenue streams such as in-orbit refueling, maintenance, and deorbiting. However, in the current capital markets environment, we think it makes sense to reduce company-funded spending on R&D projects like this with longer timeframes to produce results in order to conserve cash and extend our runway. Doing so allows us to focus our near-term resources on our primary goal, which again is to incorporate lessons learned from our inaugural mission to ensure that our upcoming Vigoride demonstration missions are productive. We are increasing our focus on bidding for government programs at NASA and Defense Department organizations. We see significant opportunities to gain government funding for our R&D efforts and technology development while supporting these critically important missions of our government. Before I hand the call over to our CFO, Jikun Kim, for comments on the Q2 financials, I just want to reiterate my excitement for the progress the company is making. While spacecraft development is challenging, we've been forced to make some tough decisions recently. I'm pleased that we were able to put our historical regulatory difficulties behind us and launch our first spacecraft in orbit. We've now deployed seven of our customers' satellites, including six from Vigor, and we're hopeful that we'll be able to deploy the last three customer satellites in the coming weeks. Furthermore, for the initial technical challenges that we encountered, we were able to quickly identify the root cause and put ourselves on track to implement corrective actions before our first follow-on mission as we seek to continue to mature our technology and service offerings. We're also implementing a cash reduction plan to provide us runway to conduct more demonstration missions and place additional customer satellites in orbit with the cash on our balance sheet. The future is bright for Momentus, particularly compared to where we sat just a year ago. I'd like to thank our dedicated team for getting us here and would also like to thank our customers and investors for their patience during this period. I'll now hand the mic off to our CFO, Jikun Kim and then we'll take your questions.

Thank you, John. And before I discuss the second-quarter financials, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Momentus team for their hard work and dedication. Turning to slide eight. Our second quarter results reflect our ongoing progress in investments toward our future launches. We have cumulatively signed contracts for approximately $55 million in backlog or potential revenue as of July 31, 2022. The reduction from the $69 million backlog that we reported a quarter ago was driven primarily by a contract cancellation by one of our customers. This customer recently underwent a change in ownership, restructuring its business model which reduces needs for satellite transportation services. Recall that our reported backlog includes firm orders as well as options. These options give our customers the flexibility to opt into an available launch slot without requiring a separate agreement. The breadth of these signed contracts spans across 22 companies in 16 countries. In general, our customers have the right to cancel their contracts with the understanding that they will forfeit their deposits and milestone payments. If a customer cancels a contract before all the payments are made, the resulting revenue will be less than the full value of the backlog. We ended Q2 with non-restricted cash and cash equivalents of $109 million, which we believe should carry us through to the end of 2023 as John described. We ended the quarter with approximately $21 million in outstanding gross debt. We paid down approximately $3 million in debt during the quarter. We invested approximately $23 million in operations during Q2, in line with our Q1 burn rate. We recognized $50,000 in revenue and $38,000 in gross profits as our inaugural mission fulfilled a portion of our performance obligations to our customers. In the quarter, we generated approximately $24 million in losses from operations. On a non-GAAP basis, our adjusted EBITDA was a negative $18 million, which is approximately $1 million lower sequentially from Q1. Please refer to the earnings press release issued today for the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net income. Non-GAAP SG&A expenses for the second quarter totaled approximately $8 million, approximately in line with the prior quarter. Non-GAAP R&D expenses for the second quarter totaled approximately $10 million, approximately $1 million higher from the prior quarter. We ended Q2 with approximately 83.3 million shares outstanding.

Thank you. In a moment, we'll move on to the question-and-answer portion of our call. I would like to remind participants that all disclaimers outlined at the onset of this call extend to the question-and-answer session. This includes our disclaimer relating to non-GAAP financial information, forward-looking statements and the technology underlying our planned service offerings. Operator, would you please remind participants how to enter the queue.

Our first question comes from the line of Karl Oehlschlaeger with Vertical Research.

Hi, John. Can you talk a little bit about how you're tracking schedule rides for November? If there's any cushion in the schedule? Or are there any risk items?

Thank you for the question. As we approach the November launch, I want to emphasize that we are on track to launch in November for the SpaceX Transporter-6 mission. We have a tight schedule to prepare the Vigoride vehicle for this purpose. We are currently working on the assembly and ground testing of Vigoride 5, which is the next vehicle we plan to launch. We have established and signed launch services agreements with SpaceX not only for the Transporter-6 mission in November but also for other missions throughout 2023. Similar to our situation with Vigoride 3 a few months ago, our timeline to prepare the next Vigoride vehicle for the November launch is similarly constrained. We are diligently working to stick to the planned schedule. Our inaugural mission provided valuable insights, and we intend to apply the lessons learned from the Vigoride 3 mission to our upcoming follow-on mission. Additionally, we have faced some challenges, including supply chain delays and COVID, which have affected our team. If we encounter an issue that delays a launch, we plan to conduct another flight soon after, thanks to additional agreements we've signed with SpaceX for launches targeted for February, May, and October of 2023. Overall, our main challenge lies in the tight schedule and completing the remaining tasks on time. We are focused on enhancing our ground testing for the Vigoride vehicle and its components to ensure that we address the anomalies we experienced during Vigoride 3. We are actively working on this. I am optimistic about making the launch, but it is certainly a tight schedule.

Okay. Thank you very much.

Your next question is from the line of with Evercore ISI.

Hi. Thank you for the opportunity to ask a question. I have two. First, can you provide some insight on the extended cash runway and any revenue projections tied to the upcoming launches? Also, do you plan to continue paying down the term loan as part of this plan? Second, John, you referenced government contracts as a potential funding source for other promising technology initiatives that might currently be on hold to extend the runway. Could you elaborate on what those initiatives might be or what programs you are referring to? Thank you.

Thank you for the good questions. I really appreciate it. First, with respect to the cost reduction plan that we've developed, as I mentioned during the call, we have developed and we're already implementing a plan to reduce our operating costs. Again, with those reductions, our estimate is that the cash currently on our balance sheet should carry us through the end of 2023. We plan to achieve some of these cost reductions by exploiting operational efficiencies, cutting overhead spending, consultant spending, and other types of spending that don't immediately contribute to our coming Vigoride demonstration missions. Another portion of our plan to conserve cash and extend our runway, as I mentioned, involves delaying some R&D projects that we previously planned. While our efforts to develop a reusable version of Vigoride will be delayed from our previous plans, we do plan to continue to fund key aspects to keep the project moving even at a lower burn rate. This is one area where government funding could be very helpful. You asked about our plans with respect to government funding. We have recently focused efforts to begin pursuing that business in earnest. We have submitted some proposals, which are being evaluated by government agencies. And we're identifying other opportunities, and we will be looking for more of those, because we think the capabilities that we bring to the market are a good match for that market as well. And now that we have implemented our national security agreement successfully and accomplished retiring our historical regulatory issues, we do believe it's important now to start pursuing this type of business with the government. We continue to believe it's important on the issue of the Vigoride vehicle, we do continue to believe it's important to develop a reusable version of the Vigoride as this has the potential to reduce our two largest cost items as I mentioned, the manufacturing cost and the launch cost, because you're reusing the vehicle several times. This would also allow us to add new revenue streams like in-orbit refueling, maintenance, and deorbiting. I did want to add that even under our prior plan, reusable Vigoride would not have been available to fly until the middle of the decade. So by extending our cash runway, this allows us to focus our resources on our primary goal which is to incorporate these lessons learned from our inaugural Vigoride mission and ensure that future demonstration missions are productive. You asked whether any of the cost reductions included revenue forecasts. I will say for conservatism, the cash runway forecast that we've given you embeds only our forecasted expenditures. We have not embedded any customer milestone payments in the cash flow forecast that we used to estimate our runway. The forecast also excludes any future capital raising activity. We do anticipate some revenue and associated customer milestone payments based on our backlog, but we plan to be opportunistic about raising capital in the future. And I'll turn to Jikun Kim here to our CFO to add some additional context.

Yes, James, you asked I think about debt repayments and those expenditures include the continued repayment of our public financial obligations and debt.

Just to make sure I understand, so essentially you're looking at the current cash balance lasting until the end of 2023, including debt pay down, but it sounds like not assuming any material revenue over that time period.

Yes. We do have a forecasted revenue based on our backlog, but we are not factoring in any milestone payments from that revenue.

Sure.

Your next question is from the line of Edison Yee with Deutsche Bank.

Hey, a couple of follow-ups. So on the solar panel issue from the way you described it, it seems it was very mechanical. How comfortable are you, I guess, not only in the issue itself, but I guess the process behind checking things, because it seems like a relatively simple issue with the supplier that sort of derailed the mission. And I'm just curious to know, do we need to revise any processes to make sure this doesn't happen again?

Well, thank you for the good question, Edison. As is common with first flights and new systems in space, we learned a lot during the initial demonstration mission of the Vigoride vehicle, including about the solar panels and their deployment mechanisms. We gathered important insights. We also gathered valuable data from space, both about the things that worked as expected and some other things that did not operate as planned. The solar panels and the associated mechanisms used to deploy or unfurl the deployable solar arrays are made by a third-party supplier as I mentioned. We're pleased that the body-mounted solar panels that use the same solar cells as the deployable solar arrays operated normally. The solar cells on the outside panels of the deployable solar panels that were exposed to sunlight also operated normally. The solar panels in the deployable arrays on Vigoride 3, including their deployment mechanisms, I want to point out, were tested on the ground dozens of times before the launch. Through close collaboration though with the solar panel provider, analysis and additional verification ground testing, we believe we've identified the root cause of the issues we experienced with those deployable solar arrays during the Vigoride 3 mission and we've replicated those issues during ground tests. We had an independent review team of space experts analyze the findings of the Momentus engineers, both on this issue with respect to the deployable solar arrays and the entire mission, and they concurred with the findings of our engineering team. I really want to thank that independent team by the way for the rigorous review that they did and the thoroughness of it. Unfortunately, as you mentioned in your question, there was one component in the mechanisms used to deploy the solar arrays that had an unknown design flaw and it differed from the test equipment that performed the ground tests on the deployable solar arrays used on Vigoride 3. So this has what led to the mechanical issue experienced in space that prevented the deployable solar panels from operating as intended. We believe the specific root cause of that issue with the deployable solar arrays has been addressed and that specific component has been replaced in the mechanisms on the deployable solar arrays that are being prepared for our next Vigoride mission in November of this year. In addition, as you've asked about, we have developed a set of enhanced test procedures. We've installed sophisticated new test structures at Momentus headquarters and are working closely with the supplier of those deployable solar arrays to implement even more extensive ground test campaigns for the solar arrays that are going to be used on our future Vigoride missions. So this is just another area where we're going to implement the lessons learned. With this idea of continuous improvement, we aim to be an even more effective space company.

Appreciate the color. Separately, I want to follow-up on the government contract comments. Are there any specific programs either from NASA or DoD that could be leveraged here? I know some of the launch companies, the launch startups go after these venture class kind of missions. Is there anything you could kind of point us toward that already could be a potential source of funding?

Well, we have been looking at opportunities both at NASA and the Defense Department Organizations because we do think our technology would support these important missions to our government customers. In particular, NASA has a series of different solicitations. You mentioned one of them, venture class. But as an example, we submitted a bid for the NASA tipping point proposals. The philosophy behind the NASA tipping point proposals is to encourage bidders to come forward to NASA with ideas that could both have an application for NASA and could be commercialized. So that's one that we've submitted a proposal for and it's under evaluation. We've also submitted other bids for NASA contracts under something called the VADR contract vehicle, VADR, with a partner company. We're also pursuing some DoD and space development agency opportunities and we're looking at other opportunities across the Defense Department and plan to in the future begin bidding those as well. As you know, these solicitations and opportunities take some time to develop. And so we're beginning to put those into our cycle and our system to pursue those. Because again, I think that given the progress we've made implementing our national security agreement and retiring our historical regulatory issues, I believe we are now in a position to pursue this sort of opportunity set in earnest and are eager to do so because for our technology development, we think there's a nice overlap between our aims in the commercial world and supporting the needs of these government customers.

Understood. Last one for me, just a housekeeping item. On the revenue, I guess for the remaining satellites, any sort of rough guidance you can give there? I know it's not necessarily a material amount, but just how to think about the remaining satellites? And then on the overhead reduction, the cost reductions, should we think about that coming basically from OpEx?

Regarding revenue recognition, while we don't provide specific guidance, it's reasonable to anticipate a few hundred thousand next quarter. In terms of cost reductions, we expect to see them in both SG&A and R&D expenses. However, our primary aim is to sustain our capability to operate the five, six, and seven models. Therefore, while costs won't decline right away, we are looking for reductions in the near future.

Sure.

Your next question is from the line of Colin Canfield with Barclays.

Hey, good afternoon. Can you update us on what level of issued cadence or asset utilization you need to see before you can generate cash?

Sure. Thank you for the good question. Our plans right now, as Jikun, our CFO mentioned, I wanted to answer part of the last question and yours with the same portion, which is our cost reduction activity is preserving our ability to produce, assemble, test, ship to the launch base and add enhanced test procedures for Vigoride number five, six, and seven. And that's why you'll begin seeing additional cost reductions following those launches. Now you asked about the launch cadence. These three launches are targeted to occur on SpaceX Transporter rideshare missions. The next one, Transporter-6 is in November. That's the target date from SpaceX. The next one after that is targeted for February of 2023. The following one after that is targeted for May of 2023. And then there's another one that we have signed a launch services agreement or contract for to reserve space for October 2023. So we have signed contracts and launch service agreements with SpaceX for these next four transporter missions that occur on roughly three to four month cycles, as I mentioned. Consistent with our strategy, our focus has been to bring Vigoride to market as early as possible with the features and reliability we know our customers need. We're pleased with the success that this deliberate and disciplined approach has brought us. We plan on continuing with it to make progress both operationally and financially. Again, we estimate that based on the planned cost reductions that we're implementing, using the cash currently on our balance sheet, we should be able to extend the runway through the end of 2023, which will fund the cadence that I described for you. We've sized our cost reductions so that our next three missions can be fully funded with the cash on our balance sheet, meaning Vigoride-5 this fall followed by Vigoride-6 and Vigoride-7 in early 2023. So getting these three missions right over the next 10 months is the highest priority for our company within the framework of our available cash. We do expect customer order activity to pick up once we establish flight heritage, but there will be some lag between when we receive those orders to recognizing revenues and ultimately profits, of course.

Got it. With the current level of commercial activity and new company launches you're monitoring, could you discuss how rising interest rates and the space funding environment are affecting smaller satellite constellations from commercial users, especially given the context of government budgets and available funds for launch and mission contracts?

We're noting a strong presence of participants in the small satellite market. Attending industry conferences reveals a variety of innovative ideas, as companies explore new methods in space. This is largely due to a combination of significant factors, including the reduction in launch costs, which previously served as a major barrier for many entrants. Additionally, advancements have allowed for the creation of very small yet highly capable satellites, enabling more efficient use of resources. It is now more affordable to launch satellites, and smaller satellites can accomplish much more than before. For instance, a major small satellite conference is currently taking place in Utah, showcasing considerable customer engagement. Despite a challenging market, we are still observing a significant number of new entrants and a healthy level of activity.

If you can just quantify that with the number of new starts you're seeing or new constellations you're seeing. And you mentioned it's a troubled environment, so I just wanted to make sure we kind of have a good sense.

We look at a number of these industry forecasts to do that. And I'd say we continue to see customer opportunities in the commercial space, as well as government that we're bidding on. We do think our service offering aligns very well with these customers' plans in the new space economy. In terms of the quantification, in our 10-K you can see there are a number of third party market forecasts that indicate the total addressable market for space transportation is growing and will continue to do so. We don't perform independent market analysis like that. We have been using several of the ones that are available. There was a recent report for example by the National Space Foundation that gave an analysis of the upcoming markets. There was an excellent one I read as well from McKinsey at the World Economic Forum. Northern Sky Research is another company that we've looked at and there are more. But we don't independently generate these broad market analyses; we're utilizing third parties for that service.

Got it. Thanks for the color.

At this time, there are no further questions. I'll hand the call back over to the presenters for any closing remarks.

Thank you for your participation. Have a nice day.

This concludes today's call. You may now disconnect your lines.