Molina Healthcare, Inc 10-K for FY2025
Molina Healthcare, Inc. (MOH)
10-K
2026-02-10
For: 2025-12-31
View Original
Added on
April 10, 2026
About this 10-K
Molina Healthcare, Inc filed this 10-K on February 10, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $45.43B
- up 11.7% from $40.65B a year earlier
- Net income
- $472M
- down 60.0% from net income of $1.18B a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $8.92
- down 56.3% from $20.42 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 , 2025
or
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ________ TO ________ | |||||
Commission File Number 1-31719
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |||||||
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) | |||||||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(562 ) 435-3666
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company | |||||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2025, the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $16.0 billion (based upon the closing price for shares of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. on June 30, 2025).
As of February 6, 2026, approximately 51.5 million shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, to the extent described therein.
MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. 2025 FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | Not Applicable. | ||||||
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| 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | Not Applicable. | ||||||
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| 6. | [Reserved] | Not Applicable. | ||||||
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| 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | Not Applicable. | ||||||
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| 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | Not Applicable. | ||||||
Part III | ||||||||
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| 16. | Form 10-K Summary | Not Applicable. | ||||||
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered under the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Securities Exchange Act. Many of the forward-looking statements are located under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions, and all statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Form 10-K may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “guidance,” “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “embedded,” “estimates,” “expects,” “growth,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, industry and business trends, regulatory and political developments, business strategy, strategic transactions and commercial arrangements, membership and market growth, and our objectives for future operations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, as the future is inherently unpredictable. Thus, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company’s actual results may differ significantly due to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties.
Those known risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks related to the following:
•Medicaid, Medicare, or Marketplace capitation rates that are insufficient to fully cover our medical care costs and/or the rates of utilization and the health acuity status of our members, including without limitation inpatient and outpatient costs, pharmacy costs, and behavioral health care costs, and insufficient rate increases that do not keep pace with an accelerating medical care cost trend;
•federal or state legislative or regulatory changes, including changes effected by, or negative public perceptions of the Medicaid program created by, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, or changes effected through Executive Orders, to the Medicaid, Medicare, or Marketplace programs, including potential reductions in Medicaid funding, political pressures directed at the health insurance industry regarding managed care and prior authorization practices, advocacy for and potential implementation of aspects of the so-called Great Healthcare Plan, changes to the federal matching percentage paid to states, the implementation of Medicaid work requirements, block grants or per capita caps, the reduction or elimination of provider taxes, uncertainty regarding the status or effect of Marketplace subsidies, the implementation of new program integrity rules, insufficient Medicare Advantage rate adjustments, new rules pertaining to Medicare Risk Adjustment Data Validation, or amendments of the Affordable Care Act (“ACA”);
•budget pressures on state governments and states’ efforts to reduce rates and limit rate increases to avoid budget deficits;
•evolving Marketplace dynamics including issues impacting enrollment, special enrollment periods, member choice, premium subsidies, broker rates, risk adjustment estimates and results, Marketplace plan insolvencies or receiverships, and the potential for disproportionate enrollment of higher acuity members;
•the success of our efforts to retain existing or awarded government contracts, the success of our bid submissions in response to requests for proposal, our ability to identify merger and acquisition targets to support our continued growth over time at projected levels, and our ability to realize the full amount of our embedded earnings;
•the success of the scaling up of our operations in new states in connection with request for proposal wins, and the satisfaction of all readiness review requirements under the new Medicaid contracts;
•our ability to integrate our acquisitions and realize expected benefits and limit our liabilities as projected;
•subsequent adjustments to reported premium revenue based upon subsequent developments or new information, including retroactive Medicaid rate adjustments in a state or changes to estimated amounts payable or receivable related to Marketplace risk adjustment;
•effective management of our medical costs, and the accurate estimation of incurred but not reported or paid medical costs across our health plans;
•our ability to predict with a reasonable degree of accuracy utilization rates;
•cyber-attacks, ransomware attacks, or other privacy or data security incidents involving either ourselves or our contracted vendors, that result in an inadvertent unauthorized disclosure of protected information or operational delays;
•the ability to manage our operations, including maintaining and creating adequate internal systems and controls relating to authorizations, approvals, provider payments, and the overall success of our care management initiatives;
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•operational improvements, efficiencies, and cost savings that are less than anticipated, or that result in unforeseen consequences, from our investments in artificial intelligence (“AI”) administrative tools and initiatives;
•the impact of our working in a remote work environment;
•our receipt of rates adequate to support increasing pharmacy costs, including costs associated with specialty drugs and costs resulting from formulary changes that allow the option of higher-priced non-generic drugs;
•the interpretation, implementation, and estimates of amounts owed for federal or state medical cost expenditure floors, administrative cost and profit ceilings, premium stabilization programs, profit-sharing arrangements, and risk adjustment provisions and requirements;
•the interpretation and implementation of at-risk premium rules and state contract performance requirements regarding the achievement of certain quality measures, and our ability to recognize revenue amounts associated therewith;
•the transition of Medicare-Medicaid pilot programs in California, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas serving those dually eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid, the increasing integration of Medicare and Medicaid programmatic and compliance requirements, and the extension or incorporation of federal Medicare requirements developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) into state-administered Medicaid programs;
•changes in our annual effective tax rate due to federal and/or state legislation, or changes in our mix of earnings and other factors;
•the efficient and effective operations of the vendors on whom our business relies;
•complications, member confusion, or enrollment backlogs related to the renewal of Medicaid coverage;
•fraud, waste and abuse matters, government audits, reviews, or investigations, comment letters, and any fine, sanction, enrollment freeze, debarment, corrective action plan, monitoring program, or premium recovery that may result therefrom;
•the success of our providers, including delegated providers, the adequacy of our provider networks, the successful maintenance of relations with our providers, the accuracy of our provider directories incidental to provider turnover and network changes, and potential medical or pharmaceutical supply shortfalls suffered by our providers incidental to the implementation of tariffs;
•approval by state regulators of dividends and distributions by our health plan subsidiaries;
•high dollar claims related to catastrophic illness;
•the favorable resolution of litigation, arbitration, or administrative proceedings consistent with our expectations;
•the greater scale and revenues of our health plans in California, New York, Texas, and Washington, and risks related to the concentration of our business in those states;
•the failure to comply with the financial or other covenants in the New Credit Agreement (as defined below) or the indentures governing our outstanding senior notes;
•the availability of adequate financing on acceptable terms to fund and capitalize our expansion and growth, and to meet our general liquidity needs;
•the failure of a state in which we operate to renew its federal Medicaid waiver;
•risks associated with vaccine hesitancy and the potential for a new epidemic or pandemic, including risks presented by the flu, measles, or other contagious diseases;
•changes generally affecting the managed care industry, including any new federal or state legislation that impacts the business space in which we operate, or negative perceptions that may arise about managed care practices or government healthcare programs;
•increases in government surcharges, taxes, and assessments;
•the impact of inflation on our medical costs and the cost of refinancing our outstanding indebtedness;
•the unexpected loss of the leadership of one or more of our senior executives;
•increasing competition and consolidation in the Medicaid or general healthcare sector; and
•the other risk factors identified in the section of this Form 10-K titled, “Risk Factors.”
Each of the terms “Molina Healthcare, Inc.” “Molina Healthcare,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” as used herein, refers collectively to Molina Healthcare, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-K, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 2
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
ABOUT MOLINA HEALTHCARE
Molina Healthcare, Inc., a FORTUNE 500 company, provides managed healthcare services under the Medicaid and Medicare programs, and through the state insurance marketplaces (the “Marketplace”). Molina was founded in 1980 as a provider organization serving low-income families in Southern California and reincorporated in Delaware in 2002. We served approximately 5.5 million members as of December 31, 2025, located across 21 states.
Our business footprint, as of December 31, 2025, is illustrated below.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per-share amounts) | |||||||||||
| Premium Revenue | $ | 43,052 | $ | 38,627 | |||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | 45,426 | $ | 40,650 | |||||||
Medical Care Ratio (“MCR”) (1) | 91.7 | % | 89.1 | % | |||||||
| Net Income | $ | 472 | $ | 1,179 | |||||||
| Net Income per Diluted Share | $ | 8.92 | $ | 20.42 | |||||||
_______________________
(1)Medical care ratio represents medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue.
OUR SEGMENTS
We currently have four reportable segments consisting of: 1) Medicaid; 2) Medicare; 3) Marketplace; and 4) Other.
The Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments represent the government-funded or sponsored programs under which we offer managed healthcare services. The Other segment, which is insignificant to our consolidated results of operations, includes long-term services and supports consultative services in Wisconsin and the
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 3
commercial portion of the business acquired in connection with the ConnectiCare transaction that closed effective February 1, 2025.
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 16, “Segments,” for further information, including segment revenue and profit information.
SEGMENT MEMBERSHIP
The following table summarizes our membership by segment as of the dates indicated:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Medicaid | 4,568,000 | 4,890,000 | |||||||||
| Medicare | 262,000 | 242,000 | |||||||||
| Marketplace | 655,000 | 403,000 | |||||||||
| Other | 6,000 | — | |||||||||
| Total | 5,491,000 | 5,535,000 | |||||||||
SEGMENT PREMIUM REVENUE
The following table presents our consolidated premium revenue by segment for the periods indicated:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Medicaid | $ | 32,240 | $ | 30,579 | |||||||
| Medicare | 6,235 | 5,542 | |||||||||
| Marketplace | 4,487 | 2,506 | |||||||||
| Other | 90 | — | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 43,052 | $ | 38,627 | |||||||
MISSION
Our mission is to improve the health and lives of our members by delivering high-quality health care.
VISION
We will distinguish ourselves as the low-cost, most effective and reliable health plan delivering government-sponsored care.
STRATEGY
Our long-term growth strategy remains unchanged, as we continue to be a pure-play government-sponsored healthcare business, which provides us with opportunities to compete in high-growth, synergistic market segments with attractive and sustainable margins. Our strategic priorities include:
•Growing our core businesses organically and growing inorganically through accretive acquisitions;
•Providing low-cost health plans to our state and federal customers, and members in Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace programs;
•Providing our members with high quality and appropriate access to care, including effective and appropriate access to care at the right time and in the right setting;
•Offering our state and federal customers, members, and providers reliable service and a seamless experience; and
•Returning excess capital to shareholders, for example, in the form of targeted share repurchase programs.
We review our strategy annually, and we assess our changing environment, risks within our portfolio, and the adequacy of our capabilities to confirm our plan and how we will execute it.
•Environment. Environmental forces influencing growth and margins are largely unfavorable in the short term. Medicaid enrollment has declined due to eligibility redetermination, and the remaining higher-risk population mix, and higher utilization, has led to elevated cost trends that have significantly outpaced rates
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 4
in 2024 and 2025. Medicaid will continue to be challenged, as rate changes typically lag changes in cost trends, and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) is expected to drive a 15% to 20% reduction on 1.2 million members in our Medicaid Expansion membership and a further medical cost acuity shift during the next two to three years. The integration of Medicaid and Medicare for dual-eligible members in many states poses an opportunity and a threat. The expiration of subsidies in Marketplace in 2025 will lead to a reduction in membership and result in an adverse acuity shift in the overall market risk pool. Program integrity initiatives will also be a contributing factor to Marketplace membership reduction.
•Retrospective. We have confidence that we can continue to execute our strategic plan, despite the significant environmental challenges presented in the near term of rapidly escalating medical care costs and utilization. We have achieved 18% revenue growth from 2019 to 2025. We have achieved a 90% re-procurement win rate for Medicaid requests for proposal (“RFP”) representing $14 billion in retained revenue and an 80% new contract win rate worth $20 billion in premium, and we have completed acquisitions totaling more than $10 billion of revenue during this period.
•The Plan. Our overall strategy is generally unchanged, but near-term growth opportunities have declined slightly compared to prior years; our long-term premium revenue growth target, however, remains at 11% to 13%. We continue to fuel our growth engines and are on pace to surpass the $50 billion premium revenue mark in 2027. Our proven record of RFP success makes us confident in our ability to retain current revenue and to pursue most new state opportunities with a continued high win rate. We remain opportunistic about deploying capital to accretive acquisitions. The current challenging operating environment has been a catalyst for many smaller and less diverse health plans to consider their strategic options. Our long-term net income growth target is 11% to 13%.
•How We Will Execute. We are promoting strong medical and general and administrative (“G&A”) cost management to drive attractive and sustainable margins. We are advancing capabilities to drive medical cost efficiencies with a focus on high-acuity populations, including care management, value-based contracting, payment integrity, and centers of excellence for behavioral health, pharmacy, and Long-Term Services and Supports (“LTSS”). As part of our operating enhancements, we are making appreciable investments in deploying artificial intelligence (“AI”) tools to enhance effectiveness and create efficiency. We are focused on continuing to maintain a strong capital foundation and retaining enough flexibility to execute on all three pillars of our capital allocation strategy.
KEY DEVELOPMENTS
We are pleased with the continued success of our profitable growth strategy in 2025, which included strong performance on Medicaid state procurements in 2025, and the ConnectiCare acquisition that we closed as of February 1, 2025. Collectively, newly reported RFP successes and acquisitions in 2025 represent nearly $9 billion of incremental annual premium revenue. More detail on recent developments and accomplishments relating to our growth strategy is presented below:
Idaho Procurement—Medicaid and Medicare. Our new contract with the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare commenced on January 1, 2026.
Michigan Procurement—Medicare. Our new contract commenced on January 1, 2026 in select regions.
Massachusetts Procurement—Medicare. Our new contract commenced on January 1, 2026.
Ohio Procurement—Medicare. Our new contract commenced on January 1, 2026.
Wisconsin Procurement—Medicaid. In August 2025, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services awarded a contract to provide services under the Family Care and Family Care Partnership program in its Geographic Service Regions 2 and 7 to our Wisconsin health plan. The contract commenced on January 1, 2026 and is expected to have a duration of two years, with an option for three two-year extensions.
In May 2024, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services awarded a contract to provide services under the Family Care and Family Care Partnership program in its Geographic Service Region 5 to our Wisconsin health plan. The contract commenced on January 1, 2025, and is expected to have a duration of two years, with an option for three two-year extensions.
Nevada Procurement—Medicaid. In March 2025, the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services Division of Health Care Policy and Financing issued a notice of intent to award Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program managed care contracts to our Nevada health plan. The new contract will cover Urban Clark and Urban Washoe. The new contract commenced on January 1, 2026 and will run through December 31, 2030, with one two-year extension.
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Illinois Procurement—Medicare. In March 2025, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services awarded a contract to provide a Fully Integrated Dual Eligible Special Needs Plan to our Illinois health plan. This contract will replace the state’s Medicare-Medicaid Alignment Initiative demonstration program. The new contract commenced on January 1, 2026. The contract is expected to have an initial term of four years, with the option to extend the contract from the initial term so long as the total contract term does not exceed ten years.
Florida Procurement—Medicaid. In November 2025, the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration issued a Notice of Agency Decision that it intends to award our Florida health plan a contract to provide Statewide Medicaid Managed services to enrollees of the Title XIX and Title XXI Children’s Medical Services Program (“Florida Kids”). We are the sole plan selected and expect to serve approximately 120,000 enrollees. The contract start date has not been determined, but the term of the contract is expected to continue through December 31, 2030.
Mississippi Procurement—Medicaid. Our new contract with the Mississippi Division of Medicaid commenced on July 1, 2025.
Connecticut Acquisition—Marketplace and Medicare. Effective February 1, 2025, we closed on our acquisition of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc. (“ConnectiCare”), a wholly owned subsidiary of EmblemHealth, Inc. ConnectiCare is a leading health plan in the state of Connecticut serving approximately 140,000 members across Marketplace, Medicare, and certain commercial products. The purchase price for the transaction was $350 million.
Florida Procurement—Medicaid. In July 2024, we were notified that the Florida Agency for Healthcare Administration awarded a Medicaid managed care contract to our Florida health plan. The contract commenced on February 1, 2025 and will run through December 31, 2030.
Virginia Procurement—Medicaid. In April 2024, the Virginia Department of Medical Assistance Services (“DMAS”) issued a notice of intent to award which did not include our Virginia health plan as an awardee for its Cardinal Care Managed Care (“CCMC”) 2.0 procurement. We exercised our right to protest that decision, but DMAS upheld its issued notice of intent to award. We filed a legal action in Virginia Circuit Court over DMAS’s decision not to award a CCMC 2.0 contract to our Virginia health plan, but we withdrew such action in May 2025. As result, our contracts with DMAS terminated effective June 30, 2025.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Continued management of our cash, investments, and capital structure is enabling us to meet the short- and long-term objectives and obligations of our business while maintaining liquidity and financial flexibility. We have continued to execute a capital plan that has produced a strong and stable balance sheet, with a simplified capital structure, which resulted in the following accomplishments in 2025:
•Our regulated health plans paid $985 million in total dividends to the parent company, representing cash in excess of their capital needs.
•In November 2025, we completed the private offering of $850 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% senior notes due 2031. We used the net proceeds for repayment of $740 million in existing term loan debt and for general corporate purposes. We also refinanced the existing revolving credit facility with a $1.25 billion facility, with a five-year term ending on November 20, 2030. All bond maturities are long dated on average 5 years, and our weighted average cost of fixed debt is at 5.0%.
•In the first and third quarters of 2025, we completed purchases of our common stock pursuant to stock purchase programs authorized by our board of directors in October 2024 and April 2025, respectively. Under these programs, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, we:
◦Purchased approximately 1,679,000 shares for $500 million in the first quarter of 2025 (average cost of $297.83 per share).
◦Purchased approximately 2,849,000 shares for $500 million in the third quarter of 2025 (average cost of $175.50 per share).
OUR BUSINESS
MEDICAID
Overview
Medicaid was established in 1965 under the U.S. Social Security Act to provide healthcare and long-term services and support to low-income Americans. Although jointly funded by federal and state governments, Medicaid is a state-operated and state-implemented program. States have significant flexibility to structure their own programs in terms of eligibility, benefits, delivery of services, and provider payments, subject to federal laws and regulations. The
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federal government guarantees matching funds to states for qualifying Medicaid expenditures based on each state’s federal medical assistance percentage (“FMAP”). The approximate average FMAP across all jurisdictions is 60% and varies inversely with average personal income in the state. Most states have contracted with managed care plans to provide Medicaid services to beneficiaries, seeking to increase budget predictability, constrain spending, improve access to care and value, and meet other objectives.
We expect our Medicaid enrollment to be flat in 2026 compared to 2025. We expect modest contraction in our current footprint as some states continue to review membership eligibility to be offset by the implementation of the new Florida Kids contract that we expect to commence starting in the fourth quarter of 2026.
We participate in the following Medicaid programs:
•Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (“TANF”) – The most common Medicaid program, covers primarily low-income families with children.
•Medicaid Aged, Blind or Disabled (“ABD”) – ABD programs cover low-income persons with chronic physical disabilities or behavioral health impairments. ABD beneficiaries typically use more services than those served by other Medicaid programs because of their critical health issues.
•Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”) – CHIP is a joint federal and state matching program that provides healthcare coverage to children whose families earn too much to qualify for Medicaid coverage. States have the option of administering CHIP through their Medicaid programs.
•Medicaid Expansion – For states that have elected to participate, Medicaid Expansion provides eligibility to most low-income individuals under age 65 with incomes at, or below 138% of the federal poverty line.
•LTSS – LTSS programs cover a range of medical and personal care assistance that people may need for weeks, months, or years, when they have trouble completing self-care tasks because of aging, chronic illness, or disability. Such services include, but are not limited to, nursing facility care, adult daycare programs, home health aide services, personal care services, transportation, and supported employment as well as assistance provided by a family caregiver.
Contracts
States contracting with health plans to provide services for Medicaid beneficiaries typically select health plans by using a formal bid process and award contracts to successful responsive bidders. Our state Medicaid contracts typically have terms of three to five years, contain renewal options that can be exercised by the state Medicaid agency, and allow either the state or the health plan to terminate the contract with or without cause. States may issue RFPs to competitively rebid contracts to other health plans, and if one of our health plans is not a successful responsive bidder to such RFPs, its contract may not be renewed.
In addition to contract renewal, our state Medicaid contracts may be periodically amended to include or exclude certain health benefits, such as pharmacy services, behavioral health services, or long-term care services, or populations such as the ABD; and regions or service areas.
Status of Significant Contracts
Our Medicaid premium revenue constituted 75% of our consolidated premium revenue in the year ended December 31, 2025. Our Medicaid contracts with the states of California, New York, Texas, and Washington each accounted for approximately 10% or more of our consolidated Medicaid premium revenues in the year ended December 31, 2025. The current status of each of these contracts is described below.
California. The three California Department of Health Care Services Medi-Cal contracts and plan-to-plan subcontract for Los Angeles County commenced on January 1, 2024, which enabled us to continue serving Medi-Cal members in Los Angeles, Riverside/San Bernardino, Sacramento, and San Diego counties and significantly expanded our footprint in Los Angeles County. Our California Medicaid contracts represented premium revenue of approximately $4,170 million, or 13%, of our consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2025.
New York. Our presence in New York increased substantially after completion of several acquisitions in 2020 through 2022. We serve Medicaid members in 28 counties in New York. We also have a specialty managed care organization that provides long-term care services at home or in the community for those who are chronically ill or disabled in The Bronx, New York City, Queens, Brooklyn, Nassau, Westchester, and Suffolk counties. Our New York Medicaid contracts represented premium revenue of approximately $3,221 million, or 10%, of our consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2025.
Texas. Our new contract for the Texas STAR+PLUS program commenced on September 1, 2024, retaining our entire existing footprint in each of Bexar, Dallas, El Paso, Harris, Hidalgo, Jefferson, Northeast Texas, and Tarrant service areas and grew our market share. In the first quarter of 2024, we were notified of the Texas Health and
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Human Services Commission’s intent to award us a contract for TANF and CHIP (known in Texas as the STAR & CHIP programs, and both existing contracts for Molina), expanding our footprint, and expecting to grow our market share. The expected start of operations and other final contract terms are still pending. Our Texas Medicaid contracts represented approximately $5,735 million, or 18%, of consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2025.
Washington. Our managed care contract with the Washington State Health Care Authority (“HCA”) covers all ten regions of the state’s Apple Health Integrated Managed Care program, and was effective through December 31, 2025. HCA has renewed the contract through December 31, 2026, with a further renewal expected for 2027. HCA is expected to re-procure for Medicaid with an anticipated release of an RFP no earlier than fourth quarter of 2026, with an expected contract effective date of January 1, 2028. Our Washington Medicaid contract represented approximately $4,194 million, or 13%, of consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2025.
A loss of any of our significant Medicaid contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Basis for Premium Rates
State government agencies pay our Medicaid health plans per-member per-month (“PMPM”) rates that vary by state, line of business, demographics and, in most instances, health risk factors, in return for providing services to members and assuming the associated medical and administrative cost risks. Premium rates are subject to each state’s annual appropriation process and may vary between states and among various government programs. Molina arranges, pays for, and manages healthcare services provided to Medicaid beneficiaries in exchange for the premiums received. Therefore, our health plans are at risk, and we employ advocacy efforts to help ensure that rates are sufficient to cover prevailing medical cost trends. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) requires these rates to be actuarially sound.
Member Enrollment and Marketing
Most states allow eligible Medicaid members to select the Medicaid plan of their choice; however, Medicaid marketing efforts are regulated, and states impose requirements for, or restrictions on, Medicaid sales and marketing. Members that do not choose a plan are subject to auto-assignment, as described below.
Our Medicaid health plans may benefit from auto-assignment of individuals who do not choose a plan, but for whom participation in managed care programs is mandatory. Each state differs in its approach to auto-assignment, but one or more of the following criteria is typical in auto-assignment algorithms: a Medicaid beneficiary's previous enrollment with a health plan or experience with a particular provider contracted with a health plan; enrolling family members in the same plan; a plan's quality or performance status; a plan’s network and enrollment size; plans with the lowest bid in a county or region; and equal assignment of individuals who do not choose a plan in a specified county or region.
MEDICARE
Overview
Medicare is a federal program that provides eligible persons age 65 and over, and some disabled persons, with a variety of hospital, medical insurance, and prescription drug benefits. Medicare is funded by Congress, and administered by CMS. Medicare beneficiaries may enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan, under which managed care plans contract with CMS to provide benefits that are comparable to original Medicare. Since 2006, Medicare beneficiaries have had the option of selecting a prescription drug benefit from an existing Medicare Advantage plan. The drug benefit, available to beneficiaries for a monthly premium, is subject to cost-sharing depending upon the specific benefit design of the selected plan.
Over 12 million low-income elderly and disabled people qualify for both the Medicare and Medicaid programs (“dual eligible” individuals). These beneficiaries are more likely than other Medicare beneficiaries to be frail, live with multiple chronic conditions, and have functional and cognitive impairments. Medicare is their primary source of health insurance coverage. Medicaid supplements Medicare by paying for services not covered by Medicare, such as dental care and long-term care services and supports, and by helping to cover Medicare’s premiums and cost-sharing requirements. Together, these two programs help to shield very low-income Medicare beneficiaries from potentially unaffordable out-of-pocket medical and long-term care costs. New requirements from CMS aim to enhance the integration of Medicare and Medicaid to simplify administration and improve care for dual eligible individuals and require all D-SNPs affiliated with Medicaid managed care organizations to operate with exclusively aligned enrollment beginning in 2027. Our overlapping Medicaid and Medicare market presence positions us well, and we are focused on continued operational restructuring, assessing enrollment alignment and communicating effectively with members to support our long-term growth opportunities.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 8
We expect our Medicare enrollment to decrease by approximately 12% in 2026, to a total of 230,000 members by the end of the year, including 80,000 Medicare Advantage-Part D (“MAPD”) members, due to strategic positioning. In 2026, we are participating in Medicare in all our markets except Florida.
We participate in the following Medicare programs:
•MAPD – We contract with CMS under the Medicare Advantage program to provide benefits above original Medicare, including cost-sharing and enhanced prescription drug benefits under Part D, that are targeted towards low-income beneficiaries.
•Dual Eligible Special Needs Plan (“D-SNP”) – We contract with CMS to provide benefits above original Medicare, including care coordination complex case management and care management.
•Highly-Integrated Dual Special Needs Plans (“HIDE”) – D-SNP plans that offer a higher level of integration by providing coordinated care and covering LTSS or behavioral health benefits through contracts with state Medicaid agencies.
•Fully-Integrated Dual Special Needs Plans (“FIDE”) – D-SNP plans that provide fully-integrated care coordinated via contracts with CMS and state Medicaid agencies under a single managed care plan.
•Coordination Only (“CO”) D-SNP – We contract with state Medicaid agencies to coordinate the delivery of the Medicaid and Medicare services that meet minimum CMS requirements but do not qualify as a HIDE or FIDE.
•Chronic Special Needs Plan (“C-SNP”) – We contract with CMS to provide benefits for people living with qualifying chronic conditions, such as Diabetes, Chronic heart failure, and cardiovascular disorders.
•Medicare-Medicaid Plans (“MMP”) – These plans provide for coordination of care and deliver services in a more efficient manner, and certain states have undertaken demonstration programs to integrate Medicare and Medicaid services for dual-eligible individuals. Our MMPs are transitioning to other products, as described further below.
Contracts
We enter into MAPD and C-SNP contracts with CMS annually, and for D-SNP, HIDE, FIDE, CO D-SNP, and MMP (collectively, “dual-eligible programs”), we enter into contracts with CMS, in partnership with each state’s department of health and human services. Such contracts typically have terms of one to three years.
Status of MMP Contracts
In May 2022, CMS published a Final Rule, which addressed the termination of the Financial Alignment Initiative Demonstration and provided a pathway for states to transition their MMP programs into an integrated dual eligible special needs plan. Under a provision within the Final Rule, states can maintain their existing MMP through a two-year extension until December 31, 2025, if the applicable state provided CMS with a transition plan by October 1, 2022.
Our California MMP contract expired on December 31, 2022, and many of our California MMP members transitioned to Molina’s California D-SNP products in early 2023. Five other states (Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas) transitioned their current MMP contracts to integrated D-SNP contracts on January 1, 2026, totaling $1.9 billion in total revenue. We successfully procured standalone D-SNP products in Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio via RFPs and, based on our transition plans and member-crosswalks, we transitioned our members to Molina integrated D-SNP plans by January 1, 2026.
Basis for Premium Rates
Under MAPD, managed care plans contract with CMS to provide benefits, and assume the associated medical and administrative cost risks, in exchange for a fixed PMPM premium payment that varies based on health plan Star Rating and member demographics, including county residence and health status. CMS also considers inflation, changes in utilization patterns and average per capita fee-for-service Medicare costs in the calculation of the fixed PMPM premium payment. Amounts payable to us under the MAPD contracts are subject to annual revision by CMS, including any federal budget cuts or tax changes applicable to Medicare. We elect to participate in each Medicare service area or region on an annual basis.
As mentioned above, MAPD premiums are subject to retroactive increase or decrease based on the health status of our Medicare members, as measured by member risk scores determined pursuant to the CMS risk adjustment model. The data we provide to CMS to determine risk scores is subject to audit by CMS at the contract level, by plan year on an on-going basis. Such risk adjustment data validation (“RADV”) audits can result in retroactive and prospective premium adjustments. We record the estimated impact of audit settlements as a reduction to premium revenues, based upon available information, in the year that CMS determines repayment is required. On January 30, 2023, CMS finalized its approach to RADV audits, including its decision to extrapolate the results of audit
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samples when calculating payment errors, but without comparison of the audit results to a similar audit of the original Medicare program (fee-for-service adjuster, or “FFSA”). CMS had planned to begin extrapolation with audits for the 2018 plan year and, as a result, decided to settle payment errors identified in RADV audits for plan years 2011 through 2017 on a non-extrapolated basis. A recent court ruling vacated the 2023 rule that would have removed the fee-for-service adjuster and allowed for retroactive extrapolation of audit findings. CMS must now decide how to proceed, potentially by appealing the decision or starting a new rulemaking process to justify the removal of the FFSA.
CMS evaluates MAPD plans under its "Star Rating" system, which considers various measures adopted by CMS, including quality of care, preventive services, chronic illness management, coverage determinations and appeals, and customer satisfaction. Plans that perform very well are able to offer enhanced benefits, market more effectively and for longer periods of time than other plans, and obtain quality-bonus payments, with MAPD plans receiving a rating of four or more stars eligible for such payments. The Star Rating system is subject to change annually by CMS, which may make it more difficult to achieve and maintain four stars, or greater.
Member Enrollment and Marketing
Our Medicare members may be enrolled through passive enrollment, as described above in “Medicaid—Member Enrollment and Marketing,” or by enrolling in our plans with the assistance of insurance agents employed by Molina, outside brokers, or via the Internet. Generally, the enrollment period occurs between mid-October and early December for coverage that begins on the following January 1.
Our Medicare marketing and sales activities are regulated by CMS and the states in which we operate. CMS has oversight over all marketing materials used by Medicare Advantage plans, and in some cases has imposed advance approval requirements. CMS generally limits sales activities to those conveying information regarding benefits, describing the operations of our managed care plans, and providing information about eligibility requirements.
We employ our own insurance agents and contract with independent, licensed insurance agents to market our MAPD products. We have continued to expand our use of independent agents because the cost of these agents is largely variable and we believe the use of independent, licensed agents is more conducive to the shortened Medicare selling season and the open enrollment period. The activities of our independent, licensed insurance agents are also regulated by CMS. We also use direct mail, mass media and the Internet to market our MAPD products.
MAPD Exit
In early February 2026, we determined that the MAPD product does not align with our strategic shift to focus exclusively on dual eligible members in Medicare and we intend to exit this product for 2027. Our MAPD contracts represented approximately 117,000 members and approximately $1,566 million, or 25% of Medicare segment premium revenue in 2025. As we noted above, we expect enrollment to decrease in 2026, to 80,000 members, and we expect 2026 premium revenue to be approximately $1 billion.
MARKETPLACE
Overview
The ACA authorized the creation of Marketplace insurance exchanges, allowing individuals and small groups to purchase federally subsidized health insurance beginning January 1, 2014. Marketplace plans must be Affordable Care Act (“ACA”)-compliant, meeting standards established by the federal government, including a requirement to cover certain essential health benefits. Certain beneficiaries qualify for premium tax credits (“PTC”) based on annual household income. Certain enhanced PTCs were enacted as part of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and extended through 2025 as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Plans are categorized by metal tiers (Platinum, Gold, Silver, or Bronze), which determine how beneficiaries and the plan share cost (e.g., premiums, out-of-pocket costs, and deductibles). We offer Marketplace plans in many of the states where we offer Medicaid health plans. Our plans allow our Medicaid members to stay with their providers as they transition between Medicaid and the Marketplace. Additionally, our plans remove financial barriers to quality care and seek to minimize members' out-of-pocket expenses. In 2026, we are participating in the Marketplace in all our markets except Arizona, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, and Wisconsin.
We expect our Marketplace enrollment to decrease to a total of approximately 220,000 members by the end of the year. This would represent an estimated Marketplace premium revenue decrease of approximately 50% in 2026, in an effort towards restoring our target margins.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 10
Contracts
Our Marketplace products are certified by CMS for markets that are offered on the Federally Facilitated Marketplace (“FFM”) and by the state regulatory authority for markets that operate a State Based Marketplace (“SBM”). Following certification, we enter into contracts with CMS for FFMs and the state regulatory authority for SBMs. These contracts have a one-year term ending on December 31, and new contracts are entered into each year following product certification.
Basis for Premium Rates
For Marketplace, we develop each state’s premium rates during the spring of each year for policies effective in the following calendar year. Premium rates are based on our estimates of utilization of services and unit costs, anticipated member risk acuity and related federal risk adjustment transfer amounts, and non-benefit expenses such as administrative costs, taxes, and fees. The premium rates are filed for approval with the various state and federal authorities in accordance with the rules and regulations applicable to the ACA individual market, including, but not limited to, minimum loss ratio thresholds and adjustments for permissible rate variations by age, geographic area, and variations in plan design.
Member Enrollment and Marketing
Our Marketplace members enroll in our plans with the assistance of insurance agents as well as directly through exchanges.
While our Marketplace sales activities are regulated by CMS (such as eligibility determinations), our marketing activities are regulated by the individual states in which we operate. Some states require us to obtain prior approval of our marketing materials, others simply require us to provide them with copies of our marketing materials, and some states do not request our marketing materials. We are able to freely contact our members and provide them with marketing materials as long as those materials are fair and do not discriminate.
Our Marketplace sales and marketing strategy is to provide high quality, affordable, compliant and consumer-centric Marketplace products through a variety of distribution channels. Our Marketplace products are displayed on the FFM and the SBM exchanges in the states in which we participate in the Marketplace. We also contract with independent, licensed insurance agents to market our Marketplace products. The activities of our independently licensed insurance agents are also regulated by both CMS and the departments of insurance in the states in which we participate. Our sales cycle typically peaks during the annual Open Enrollment Period (“OEP”) as defined and regulated by CMS and the applicable FFM and SBM.
TRENDS AND UNCERTAINTIES
LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS
One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”)
The President signed the OBBBA into law in July 2025, which contains changes to the Medicaid and Marketplace programs.
For Medicaid, the law requires states to establish work requirements, more frequent redeterminations, and cost sharing for the Expansion program over the period from 2027 to 2029, among other modifications. These changes are expected to reduce enrollment in state Medicaid programs, but the timing and magnitude of the reductions may vary by state depending on how quickly states implement the changes, as well as macroeconomic factors since some changes are subject to suspension in case of increases in local unemployment rates. We currently estimate the reduction in enrollment will be in the range of 15% to 20% by 2029 on 1.2 million members in our Medicaid Expansion population, and any acuity shifts should be modest and gradual. An estimated two thirds of our Expansion members already work in some capacity. The law also reduces revenues that states can raise through provider taxes to finance their share of Medicaid spending and limits payments to Medicaid providers to 100 percent of the mandated Medicare rate for Expansion states and 110 percent of the Medicare rate for non-Expansion states. These changes are scheduled to begin in 2028, and we expect they may take 5 to 15 years to be fully implemented. Their impact is uncertain at this time and will depend on how states may adapt their future tax and Medicaid funding policies in response.
The law limits which legal aliens may be eligible for Marketplace PTCs and will require pre-enrollment eligibility verification for enrollees to receive PTCs. These changes are planned to be phased in over the period from 2026 to 2028 and are expected to reduce national Marketplace enrollment as well.
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The OBBBA also contains tax law changes affecting businesses, including modification of certain Tax Cuts & Jobs Act provisions. The new tax law did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
Marketplace Program Integrity and Affordability Rule
In June 2025, the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) finalized the Marketplace Program Integrity and Affordability Rule. The rule, among other changes, shortens the OEP starting in 2027, eliminated the special enrollment period (“SEP”) for people with incomes at or below 150% federal poverty level, and tightened eligibility verification requirements for all enrollees. HHS expects the regulation to reduce Marketplace enrollment in 2026 predominantly in states that did not expand Medicaid. Its long-term impacts are uncertain as many of the provisions sunset at the end of 2026, some do not apply to state-based Marketplaces, and some are not in effect currently due to on-going litigation.
Consolidated Appropriations Act
The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 ended federal medical assistance percentage increases that were in effect during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency ("PHE"), which were tied to continuous coverage requirements for Medicaid enrollees during the PHE, and enabled states to restart Medicaid eligibility renewals and terminations for ineligible individuals. As a result, states resumed Medicaid redeterminations in April 2023 for the first time since the PHE began. Under the redeterminations, many beneficiaries are no longer eligible for Medicaid. As a result, some of the beneficiaries determined to be ineligible for Medicaid sought alternate coverage in the individual marketplace.
Affordable Care Act (“ACA”)
The ACA and amendments to the law mandated broad changes to the U.S. healthcare system that impacted our business. The ACA imposed, among other things, certain assessments on health insurers, created federally-facilitated and state-based Marketplace insurance exchanges, allowing individuals and small groups to purchase federally subsidized health insurance, implemented minimum medical loss ratios (“MLRs”) for Medicare and health insurance exchange plans, and allows states to adopt minimum MLR requirements that may be more stringent than those established by the ACA. In 2021, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government temporarily expanded eligibility for ACA subsidies to higher income people who did not otherwise qualify and enhanced ACA subsidies for lower-income people who already qualified in 2021 and 2022, among other actions. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 extended the enhanced ACA subsidies for individuals enrolled in ACA-qualified health plans through December 31, 2025. Our business could be impacted by additional, future changes to the ACA, as discussed below.
POLITICAL AND RELATED TRENDS
Due to states’ budget challenges and political agendas at both the state and federal levels, there have been, and will continue to be proposals to challenge and/or make changes to the ACA and the government-sponsored healthcare programs in which we participate. Some of these could involve significantly reduced federal or state spending on the Medicaid and Medicare programs and constitute a fundamental change to the state and federal role in healthcare. Such proposals have, among other things, included the following potential changes and reforms:
•Changes in the entitlement nature of Medicaid (and perhaps Medicare) by capping future increases in federal health spending for these programs, reducing the FMAP, paid to states by the federal government, and shifting more of the risk for health costs to states and consumers;
•Changing Medicaid to a state block grant program, including potentially capping spending on a per-enrollee basis;
•Requiring Medicaid beneficiaries to work;
•Limiting the amount of lifetime benefits for Medicaid beneficiaries;
•Raising Medicare eligibility to age 67;
•Full repeal of the ACA;
•Providing for insurance plans that offer fewer and less extensive health insurance benefits than currently required by the ACA, including broader use of catastrophic coverage plans, or short-term health insurance;
•Expanding and encouraging the use of private health savings accounts;
•Establishing and funding high risk pools or reinsurance programs for individuals with chronic or high-cost conditions; and
•Allowing insurers to sell insurance across state lines.
The passage of any of these changes or other reforms, if enacted, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow, or results of operations.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 12
OPERATIONS
QUALITY
Our long-term success depends, to a significant degree, on the quality of the services we provide. We are focused on providing our members effective and appropriate access to care at the right time and in the right setting, including preventive health and wellness and care management. We are also committed to providing our government customers, members and providers reliable service and a seamless experience. We demonstrate our commitment by achieving and maintaining accreditation for certain of our Medicaid and Marketplace health plans and/or departments from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (“NCQA”), and maintaining competitive Medicare Star Ratings.
As of December 31, 2025, 18 of our Medicaid health plans and 14 Marketplace health plans were accredited by the NCQA, under their stringent standards for quality improvement, population health management, credentialing, utilization management, network management, access to care and member experience. Additionally, 18 Medicaid and 13 Marketplace plans have earned NCQA’s Health Equity Accreditation, which is awarded to organizations that lead the market in providing culturally and linguistically sensitive services and work to reduce disparities in health care. Additionally, eight health plans earned NCQA’s Long Term Services and Supports Distinction. We believe that these objective measures of quality are important to state Medicaid agencies, as a growing number of states link reimbursement and patient assignment to quality scores.
In October 2023, CMS published its updated Medicare 2024 Star Ratings based on plan year 2022 data. For the 2024 Star Ratings, three of our plans had a decrease of 0.5 Stars, one of our plans had a decrease of 1 Star, four plans maintained their ratings, and one plan had an increase of 0.5 Stars. The decreases to the 2024 Star Ratings impacted the 2025 bonus year payments.
In October 2024, CMS published its updated Medicare 2025 Star Ratings based on plan year 2023 data. For the 2025 Star Ratings, six plans maintained their ratings, two plans had an increase of 0.5 Stars, and one plan had an increase of 1 Star, and three of our plans had a decrease of 0.5 Stars. The 2025 Star Rating included an additional plan reaching 3.5 Stars, strengthening our 2026 rebates.
In October 2025, CMS published its updated Medicare 2026 Star Ratings based on plan year 2024 data. For the 2026 Star Ratings, six plans maintained their ratings, three plans had an increase of 0.5 Stars, and one plan had an increase of 1 Star, and two of our plans had a decrease of 0.5 Stars. The 2025 Star Rating included two additional plans reaching 3.5 Stars, strengthening our 2027 rebates and one plan reaching 4.5 Stars, strengthening our 2027 Quality Bonus Payments.
Approximately 50% of our 2026 Medicare premium revenue is not impacted by Star Ratings. We are actively working on improvement plans and remain committed to invest in these programs to improve our quality Star scores with a focus on member experience and access measures.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 13
For the states where our health plans are accredited by the NCQA and/or have Medicare Star Ratings, the table below presents such health plans’ NCQA status, as well as their current scores as part of the Medicare Star Ratings, which measures the quality of Medicare plans across the country using a 5-star rating system.
PROVIDERS
We arrange access to healthcare services for our members through contracts with a vast network of providers, including independent physicians and physician groups, specialists, hospitals and other facilities, ancillary providers, and pharmacies.
The quality, depth and scope of our provider network are essential if we are to ensure quality, cost-effective care for our members. In partnering with quality, cost-effective providers, we utilize clinical and financial information derived by our medical informatics function, as well as the experience we have gained in serving members, to gain insight into the needs of both our members and our providers. We strive to ensure that our providers have the appropriate expertise and cultural and linguistic experience.
Physicians, Physician Groups and Specialists
We contract with both primary care physicians and specialists, many of whom are organized into medical groups or independent practice associations. Primary care physicians provide office-based primary care services, and they serve as the focal point for health care services in many of our HMO networks, by directing or approving hospitalization and referrals to specialists and other providers. They also facilitate care management programs related to complex chronic conditions. Primary care physicians may be paid under capitation or fee-for-service contracts and may receive additional compensation by providing certain preventive care services. Under capitation payment arrangements, healthcare providers receive fixed, pre-arranged monthly payments per enrolled member, whereas under fee-for-service payment arrangements, healthcare providers are paid a fee for each particular service rendered. Our specialists care for patients for a specific episode or condition, usually upon referral from a
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primary care physician, and are usually compensated on a fee-for-service basis. When we contract with groups of physicians on a capitated basis, we monitor their solvency since we remain financially responsible for health care services to our members in the event providers fail to provide such services. Certain provider arrangements include bonuses based on performance against quality and other measures, shared savings and shared risk value-based relationships for a defined set of membership.
Hospitals
We generally contract with hospitals that have significant experience dealing with the medical needs of the Medicaid population. We reimburse hospitals under a variety of payment methods, including fee-for-service, per diems, diagnostic-related groups, capitation, and case rates.
Ancillary Providers
Our ancillary agreements provide coverage of medically-necessary care, including laboratory services, home health, mental health, physical, speech and occupational therapy, durable medical equipment, radiology, ambulance and transportation services, and are reimbursed on a capitation and fee-for-service basis.
Pharmacy
We outsource pharmacy benefit management services, including benefits design consultation, drug formulary management, claims processing, pharmacy network contracting, rebate processing and mail and specialty pharmacy fulfillment services, via our long-standing pharmacy benefit management (“PBM”) agreement with CVS Caremark (“Caremark”).
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Our mission is to improve the health outcomes and lives of our members by delivering high-quality healthcare. We believe our singular focus on government-sponsored healthcare enables us to identify and implement efficiencies that distinguish us as the low-cost, high-quality health plan of choice. We emphasize primary care physicians as the central point of delivery for routine and preventive care, coordination of referrals to specialists, and appropriate assessment of the need for hospital care. This model has proved to be an effective method of coordinating medical care for our members.
Utilization Management
Our goal is to optimize access to low-cost, high-quality care. This is achieved by sound clinical policy based on current evidence-based practices. Additionally, we continuously monitor utilization patterns and strive to identify new opportunities to improve quality of care and reduce costs. Our utilization management process serves as a bridge to identify at-risk members for referral into internally developed case management programs such as “Transitions of Care,” which facilitates post-discharge safety and appropriate outcomes.
Population Management
We believe high-quality, affordable care is achieved through a variety of programs tailored to our members’ emerging needs. Individuals are identified for interventions, and programs are customized, based on predictive analytics and our member assessment process. These tools ensure that the appropriate level of services and support are provided to address physical health, behavioral health, and social determinants of health. This comprehensive and customized approach is designed to help members achieve their goals and improve their overall quality of life.
Pharmacy Management
Our pharmacy programs are designed to make us a trusted partner in improving member health and healthcare affordability. We strategically partner with physicians and other healthcare providers who treat our members. This collaboration results in drug formularies and clinical initiatives that promote improved patient care. We employ full-time pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who work closely with providers to educate them about our formulary products, clinical programs, and the importance of cost-effective care.
Medical Cost Management
We use various strategies to mitigate the negative effects of healthcare cost inflation. Specifically, our health plans use coordination of care programs for our members, product and benefit designs, hospital inpatient management systems, sophisticated analytics, and care management programs related to complex chronic conditions, prenatal and premature infant care and certain other conditions. Our health plans emphasize preventive healthcare and appropriate use of specialty and hospital services with their contracted independent providers. There can be no assurance, however, that our strategies to mitigate medical care cost inflation will be successful. Competitive
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pressures, new healthcare and pharmaceutical product introductions, demands from healthcare providers and customers, applicable regulations, or other factors may affect our ability to control medical care costs.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Our business is dependent on effective and secure information systems, cloud providers and AI capabilities that assist our personnel in processing provider claims, monitoring utilization and other cost factors, supporting our medical management techniques, providing data to our regulators, and implementing our data security measures. Our members and providers depend upon our information systems for enrollment, premium processing, primary care and specialist roster access, membership verifications, claims status, provider payments, and other information.
We continue to invest in advanced technologies, including AI, to enhance operational efficiency, improve member experience, and support clinical functions. These technologies are increasingly integrated into our information systems and digital platforms to automate administrative processes, streamline claims adjudication, and personalize member engagement. Our use of AI is governed by internal oversight mechanisms designed to ensure we have clear insight into AI usage throughout our business and to ensure responsible and ethical deployment. We are committed to maintaining data integrity, implementing robust governance frameworks, and complying with applicable laws and regulations related to AI usage.
In 2019, we entered into an agreement with a third party that manages certain of our information technology services including, among other things, our infrastructure operations, end-user services, data centers, public cloud and application management. In 2022, we extended our agreement for an additional seven years. As a result of the agreement, we were able to reduce our administrative expenses, while improving the reliability of our information technology functions, and maintain targeted levels of service and operating performance. A portion of these services are provided on our premises, while other portions of the services are performed at the vendor’s facilities. This arrangement subjects us to risk of adverse effects if the third party fails to perform adequately, which we have addressed by implementing appropriate controls and oversight.
Our information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect, and enhance existing systems and develop new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving systems and regulatory standards, changing customer preferences, acquisitions and increased security risks.
CENTRALIZED SERVICES
We provide certain centralized medical and administrative services to our subsidiaries pursuant to administrative services agreements that include, but are not limited to, information technology, product development and administration, underwriting, claims processing, customer service, certain care management services, human resources, marketing, purchasing, risk management, actuarial, finance, accounting, compliance, legal and public relations.
COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT
Our industry is highly competitive on a national, regional, and local level, and we compete against other health plans/managed care organizations (“MCOs”) for contracts, members, provider networks, agents, and brokers. The market and businesses in which we operate are impacted by changes in regulation and programs, technology and innovation, business consolidations, and new strategic alliances and competitors.
In Medicaid, we compete for state government contracts with national, regional, and local organizations, including multi-product MCOs and Medicaid-focused MCOs, which may operate in one or multiple states. We also may compete with primary care providers or entities formed by strategic alliances that contract with states to provide services to Medicaid beneficiaries. State agencies award Medicaid contracts based on health plans’ provider network, quality of service, care management capabilities, member satisfaction, reputation, financial resources, and other factors. Incumbency status may not necessarily guarantee our ability to retain contracts when they are up for rebidding. As discussed earlier, most states allow eligible Medicaid beneficiaries to select Medicaid plans, and they choose based on a specific provider being contracted with the health plan, accessibility of services, the quality of care and services, and reputation or name recognition of the health plan. There is increasing competition driven by renewed interest from large national health plans. Our primary competitors in the Medicaid managed care industry include Centene Corporation, CVS Health Corporation, Elevance Health, Inc., UnitedHealth Group Inc., and large not-for-profit healthcare organizations.
In Medicare and Marketplace, we compete for members annually, based on price, benefits design, network and access to care, quality ratings, reputation, brand name, and marketing. Our pricing and bid strategy are based on
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consideration of projected underlying medical trends, changes in government programs, and membership growth opportunities. The Medicare market is highly competitive across the country, with large competitors, such as CVS Health Corporation, Humana, Inc., and UnitedHealth Group Inc. The vast majority of Marketplace membership is comprised of low-income members who receive government subsidies, which is served by a limited number of health plans. Our primary competitor for low-income Marketplace membership is Centene Corporation.
We compete for agents and brokers to recommend and distribute our Medicare and Marketplace products, including securing new business and maintaining existing members. The key factors that agents and brokers consider in determining whether to market products include reputation, quality ratings, prior relationships, and commission structure.
Our provider networks are a key asset that provide us with a competitive unit cost position and quality service levels, which allows us to deliver the right health care, at the right time, in the right setting. We believe factors that providers consider in deciding whether to contract with health plans include potential member volume, reimbursement rates, timeliness and accuracy of claim payments, and administrative service capabilities.
REGULATION
Our health plans are highly regulated by both state and federal government agencies. Regulation of managed care products and healthcare services varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and changes in applicable laws and rules occur frequently. Regulatory agencies generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. Compliance with such laws and rules may lead to additional costs related to the implementation of additional systems, procedures and programs that we have not yet identified. Such agencies have become increasingly active in recent years in their review and scrutiny of health insurers and managed care organizations, including those operating in the Medicaid and Medicare programs.
HIPAA AND THE HITECH ACT
In 1996, Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (“HITECH”) and regulations implemented thereunder (collectively, “HIPAA”). All health plans are subject to HIPAA, including ours. HIPAA generally requires health plans to:
•Establish the capability to receive and transmit electronically certain administrative healthcare transactions, such as claims payments, in a standardized format;
•Afford privacy to patient health information; and
•Protect the privacy of patient health information through physical and electronic security measures.
HITECH expanded requirements on uses and disclosures of health information; included requirements for HIPAA business associate agreements; extended parts of HIPAA privacy and security provisions to business associates; added data breach notification requirements for covered entities and business associates and reporting requirements to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) and, in some cases, to the media; strengthened enforcement; and imposed higher financial penalties for HIPAA violations. In the conduct of our business, depending on the circumstances, we may act as either a covered entity and/or a business associate. HIPAA privacy regulations do not preempt more stringent state privacy laws and regulations that may apply to us.
We have implemented HIPAA compliance and security programs designed to comply with HIPAA privacy and security regulations, and monitor our compliance with applicable state and federal privacy and security laws and regulations.
Healthcare reform created additional tools for fraud prevention, including increased oversight of providers and suppliers participating or enrolling in Medicaid, CHIP, and Medicare. Those enhancements included mandatory licensure for all providers, and site visits, fingerprinting, and criminal background checks for higher risk providers.
FRAUD AND ABUSE LAWS AND THE FALSE CLAIMS ACT
Because we receive payments from federal and state governmental agencies, we are subject to various laws commonly referred to as “fraud and abuse” laws, including federal and state anti-kickback statutes, prohibited referrals, and the federal False Claims Act, which permit agencies and enforcement authorities to institute a suit against us for purported violations and, in some cases, to seek treble damages, criminal and civil fines, penalties, and assessments. Violations of these laws can also result in exclusion, debarment, temporary or permanent suspension from participation in government healthcare programs, or the institution of corporate integrity agreements. Liability under such federal and state statutes and regulations may arise if we know, or it is determined
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that we should have known, that information we provide to form the basis for a claim for government payment is false or fraudulent, and some courts have permitted False Claims Act suits to proceed if the claimant was out of compliance with program requirements.
Fraud, waste and abuse prohibitions encompass a wide range of operating activities, including kickbacks or other inducements for referral of members or for the coverage of products (such as prescription drugs) by a plan, billing for unnecessary medical services by a provider, up-coding, payments made to excluded providers, improper marketing, and the violation of patient privacy rights. Companies involved in public health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are required to maintain compliance programs to detect and deter fraud, waste, and abuse, and are often the subject of fraud, waste and abuse investigations and audits. The regulations and contractual requirements applicable to participants in these public-sector programs are complex and subject to change.
The federal government has taken the position that claims presented in violation of the federal anti-kickback statute may be considered a violation of the federal False Claims Act. In addition, under the federal civil monetary penalty statute, the HHS Office of Inspector General has the authority to impose civil penalties against any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, certain false or otherwise improper claims. Qui tam actions under federal and state law are brought by a private individual, known as a relator, on behalf of the government. A relator who brings a successful qui tam lawsuit can receive 15 to 30 percent of the damages the government recovers from the defendants, which damages are trebled under the False Claims Act. Because of these financial inducements offered to plaintiffs, qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to incur the costs of having to defend against false claims actions, including the costs associated with responding to exploratory Civil Investigative Demands brought by the government, many of which are spurious and without merit. In addition, false claims actions could result in fines or debarment from the Medicaid, Medicare, or other state or federal healthcare programs.
LICENSING AND SOLVENCY
Our health plans are generally licensed by the insurance departments in the states in which they operate, except for our California health plans, which are licensed by the California Department of Managed Health Care, and one of our New York health plans, which is licensed as a prepaid health services plan by the New York State Department of Health.
Our health plans are subject to stringent requirements to maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulation, and restrictions that limit their ability to pay dividends to us. For further information, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions.”
HUMAN CAPITAL
As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 19,000 employees. We believe that our workforce reflects the membership and customers we serve.
We continue to focus on providing opportunities for our employees that are intellectually stimulating and emotionally fulfilling, and programs and benefits that are financially rewarding. We are also focused on attracting and retaining top talent in a competitive market.
We continue to introduce improvements focused on employee development, leader effectiveness, hiring strategies, and human capital policies and practices. We believe these improvements help us to achieve our goal to become a destination employer in the government-sponsored healthcare industry.
Annually, we invite all employees to participate in our voluntary engagement survey. The purpose of our survey is to obtain honest, comprehensive feedback on what is going well, and which strategic, operational or cultural concerns are top of mind for our employees. Our results demonstrate continued high levels of engagement that exceed industry benchmarks.
Succession planning and managing our talent pipelines continue to be key to our human capital strategy. We regularly monitor high performer retention and development. Our performance management practices and pay and recognition programs are aligned with meeting and exceeding our corporate objectives. The board of directors has purview to our employee engagement survey results, key executive performance, and succession planning.
We offer formal leadership development programs including new leader orientation, executive onboarding, front-line leadership essentials, and experienced leader development. We have targeted development plans for critical roles with an emphasis on leadership and business acumen.
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We invest in our workforce through market competitive total rewards including pay, benefits and time-off. Our pay and recognition programs are designed to engage, motivate and reward top performers and attract new talent. To foster ownership and align the interests of employees with shareholders, we offer an Employee Stock Purchase Plan and grant equity-based compensation under our long-term incentive plan to eligible employees.
We also offer a comprehensive suite of benefits to all eligible employees, including, among others:
•Comprehensive health insurance coverage for employees working 30 hours or more per week;
•401(k) employer matching contributions of up to 100% on the first 4% contributed by the employee;
•Personal time off that provides employees with paid time away from work, combining vacation and sick leave;
•Paid parental leave to support bonding time for new parents;
•Volunteer time off that provides employees with paid time away from work to build strong community partnerships and connect with the people we serve;
•Employee wellness programs that provide tools and incentives to live a healthy life focusing on physical, emotional, financial, and work well-being;
•Supplemental life insurance and disability plans to provide financial security for our employees and their families;
•Employee discount and other programs, including tuition reimbursement; and
•Employee assistance program benefits that provide up to six confidential counseling sessions per rolling 12-month period and includes assistance with physical, emotional, and financial related matters.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Our principal executive offices are located at 200 Oceangate, Suite 100, Long Beach, California 90802, and our telephone number is (562) 435-3666.
You can access our website at www.molinahealthcare.com to learn more about our Company. From that site, you can download and print copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, along with amendments to those reports. You can also download our Corporate Governance Guidelines, board of directors’ committee charters, and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We make periodic reports and amendments available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish these reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Additionally, the SEC maintains their website, http://www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We will also provide a copy of any of our corporate governance policies published on our website free of charge, upon request. To request a copy of any of these documents, please submit your request to: Molina Healthcare, Inc., 200 Oceangate, Suite 100, Long Beach, California 90802, Attn: Investor Relations. Information on or linked to our website (including the charters, reports, policies and documents noted above) is neither part of nor incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or any other SEC filings.
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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks described below and all of the other information set forth in this Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These risks and other factors may affect our forward-looking statements, including those we make in this Form 10-K or elsewhere, such as in press releases, presentations to securities analysts or investors, or other communications made by or with the approval of one of our executive officers.
If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, among other effects, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
The Medicaid rates paid to us by states may be insufficient to cover our rising medical care costs.
Our premium revenues consist of fixed monthly payments per member, and supplemental payments for other services such as maternity deliveries. These premiums are fixed by contract, and we are obligated during the contract periods to provide healthcare services as established by the state governments in which our health plans operate. Rate increases are most typically implemented by states on only an annual basis. We use most of our premium revenues to pay the medical costs of healthcare services delivered to our members. If the premiums paid to us are not increased at a rate that is commensurate with the rate at which medical expenses related to healthcare services rise, or the rate at which health care utilization rates increase, our medical margins will be compressed or eliminated, and our earnings will be negatively affected. We have seen in prior quarters that medical expenses have risen higher than anticipated, and that our capitation rates have not kept pace with the sharp rate of that medical care cost increase. Our inability to predict future medical expenses and future rates of utilization may continue in future quarters due to the inherently unpredictable and continually evolving market conditions. Further, if the actuarial assumptions made by a state in implementing a rate or benefit change are incorrect or quickly become outdated, or if they are at variance with or do not keep pace with the prevailing medical cost trend or particular utilization patterns of the members of one or more of our health plans, our medical margins could be reduced or eliminated. In addition, a state could increase hospital or other provider reimbursement without making a commensurate increase in the reimbursement paid to us, could lower our rates without making a commensurate reduction in the rates paid to hospitals or other providers, could delay the processing of rate changes, or could even make a retroactive rate adjustment or recoupment with regard to a period where we thought the payment amount was final. Insufficient rate increases, a continuing spike in medical care costs or utilization that outpace our rate increases, or retroactive rate reductions or recoupments in one or more of the states in which we operate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Our Marketplace business has been volatile and unpredictable, and has been subject to annual programmatic changes that are difficult to price for actuarially.
We offer Marketplace plans in many of the states where we offer Medicaid health plans. In 2026, we are participating in the Marketplace in all our markets except Arizona, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, and Wisconsin. Our Marketplace plans allow our Medicaid members to stay with their providers as they transition between Medicaid and the Marketplace. Additionally, our plans remove financial barriers to quality care and seek to minimize members' out-of-pocket expenses. We develop each state’s Marketplace premium rates during the spring of each year for policies effective in the following calendar year. Premium rates are based on our estimates of utilization of services and unit costs, anticipated member risk acuity and related federal risk adjustment transfer amounts, and non-benefit expenses such as administrative costs, taxes, and fees. Marketplace plan selection by members is highly price sensitive, and the Marketplace markets in general are highly volatile and unpredictable from year to year. In recent years, most of our Marketplace members were eligible to receive government-subsidized premium subsidies. Even though certain advanced premium tax credits (“APTCs”) expired at the end of 2025, it is possible that they could be renewed, but the timing of such a decision, and the manner in which they could be renewed, is uncertain. This expiration, as well as any future elimination or reduction of other APTCs or subsidies, could make such coverage unaffordable to some individuals and thereby reduce overall participation in the Marketplace and our membership. These fluctuations could have a significant adverse effect on our business and future operations, and our results of operations and financial condition. Any variation from our cost expectations regarding acuity, enrollment levels, adverse selection, or other assumptions utilized in setting premium rates, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. In addition, the non-renewal of Marketplace premium subsidies starting in 2026 could negatively impact our
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Marketplace enrollment.
Our health plans operate with very low profit margins, and small changes in operating performance or slight changes to our accounting estimates could have a disproportionate impact on our reported net income.
Although most of our health plans over the last several years have generally operated with profit margins higher than those of our direct competitors, nevertheless the profit margins of our health plans are low (in the single digits) compared to the profit margins in most other industries or business sectors. Given these low profit margins, small changes in operating performance or slight changes to our accounting estimates have a disproportionate impact on our reported net income and adversely affect our business.
If we fail to accurately predict and effectively manage our medical care costs, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Our profitability depends to a significant degree on our ability to accurately predict and effectively manage our medical care costs. Historically, our medical care ratio, meaning our medical care costs as a percentage of our premium revenue, has fluctuated substantially, and has varied across our health plans. Because the premium payments we receive are generally fixed in advance and we operate with a narrow profit margin, relatively small changes in our medical care ratio can create significant changes in our overall financial results. For example, if our overall medical care ratio of 91.7% for the year ended December 31, 2025, had been one percentage point higher, or 92.7%, our net income per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2025 would have been approximately $2.72 rather than our actual net income per diluted share of $8.92, a difference of $6.20.
Many factors may affect our medical care costs, including:
•the level of utilization of healthcare services;
•changes in the underlying risk acuity of our membership;
•unexpected patterns in the annual flu season;
•increases in hospital costs, pharmacy costs, or behavior healthcare costs;
•increased incidence or acuity of high dollar claims related to catastrophic illnesses or medical conditions for which we do not have adequate reinsurance coverage;
•changes in state eligibility certification methodologies;
•relatively low levels of hospital and specialty provider competition in certain geographic areas;
•changes in healthcare regulations and practices;
•epidemics or pandemics;
•new medical technologies or new pharmaceutical treatments or other innovative therapies; and
•other various external factors.
Many of these factors are beyond our control. The inability to accurately forecast and effectively manage our medical care costs or to establish and maintain a satisfactory medical care ratio, either with respect to a particular health plan or across the consolidated entity, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Our Medicaid premium revenues could be adversely impacted by retroactive adjustments or recoupments, or states’ delays in implementing rate changes.
The complexity of some of our Medicaid contract provisions, imprecise language in those contracts, the desire of state Medicaid agencies in some circumstances to retroactively adjust the rates that they have paid to us or otherwise recoup premium amounts that we reasonably believed to be final, or state delays in processing rate changes, can create uncertainty around the amount of revenue we should recognize. Any circumstance such as those described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
If the responsive bids of our health plans for new or renewed Medicaid contracts are not successful, or if our government contracts are terminated or are not renewed on favorable terms, our premium revenues could be materially reduced, our operating results could be negatively impacted, and we may not realize the full projected amount of our embedded earnings.
We currently derive our premium revenues from health plans that operate in 21 states. Our Medicaid premium revenue constituted 75% of our consolidated premium revenue in the year ended December 31, 2025. Measured by Medicaid premium revenue by health plan, our top four health plans were in California, New York, Texas, and Washington, with aggregate Medicaid premium revenue of $17.3 billion, or approximately 54% of total Medicaid premium revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2025. If we are unable to continue to operate in any of our
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existing jurisdictions, or if our current operations in those jurisdictions or any portions of those jurisdictions are significantly curtailed or terminated entirely, our revenues could decrease materially.
Many of our government contracts are effective only for a fixed period of time and will only be extended for an additional period of time if the contracting entity elects to do so. When our government contracts expire, they may be opened for bidding by competing health plans, and there is no guarantee that the contracts will be renewed or extended. Even if our contracts are renewed or extended, there can be no assurance that they will be renewed or extended on the same terms or without a reduction in the applicable service areas.
Even if our responsive bids are successful, the bids may be based upon assumptions regarding enrollment, utilization, medical costs, or other factors which could result in the contract being less profitable than we had expected or could result in a net loss. Furthermore, our contracts contain certain provisions regarding, among other things, eligibility, enrollment and dis-enrollment processes for covered services, eligible providers, periodic financial and information reporting, quality assurance and timeliness of claims payment, and are subject to cancellation if we fail to perform in accordance with the standards set by regulatory agencies. The occurrence of any of the foregoing may result in our failing to achieve the full realization of our embedded earnings.
We are subject to risks associated with outsourcing services and functions to third parties.
We contract with third party vendors and service providers who provide services to us and our subsidiaries or to whom we delegate selected functions. Some of these third parties have direct access to our systems. Our arrangements with third party vendors and service providers may make our operations vulnerable if those third parties fail to satisfy their obligations to us, including their obligations to maintain and protect the security and confidentiality of our information and data or the information and data relating to our members or customers. We are also at risk of a data security incident involving a vendor or third party, which could result in a breakdown of such third party’s data protection processes or cyber-attackers gaining access to our infrastructure through the third party. To the extent that a vendor or third party suffers a data security incident that compromises its operations, we could incur significant costs and possible service interruption. Any contractual remedies and/or indemnification obligations we may have for vendor or service provider failures or incidents may not be adequate to fully compensate us for any losses suffered as a result of any vendor’s failure to satisfy its obligations to us or under applicable law. Violations of, or noncompliance with, laws and/or regulations governing our business or noncompliance with contract terms by third party vendors and service providers could increase our exposure to liability to our members, providers, or other third parties, or could result in sanctions and/or fines from the regulators that oversee our business. In turn, this could increase the costs associated with the operation of our business or have an adverse impact on our business and reputation. Moreover, if these vendor and service provider relationships were terminated for any reason, we may not be able to find alternative partners in a timely manner or on acceptable financial terms. We may incur significant costs and/or experience significant disruption to our operations in connection with any such vendor or service provider transition. As a result, we may not be able to meet the full demands of our members or customers and, in turn, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.
We and our third-party service providers are exposed to cybersecurity risks, which may result in operational impact, increased costs, exposure to significant legal liability, reputational harm, loss of business, and other serious negative consequences.
As part of our normal operations, we and certain of our third-party service providers routinely collect, process, store (both onsite and in the cloud), and transmit large amounts of data, including sensitive Personal Information as well as proprietary or confidential information relating to our members, employees, business, or other third parties (collectively, “Confidential Information”). Additionally, we rely on computer systems, hardware, software, technology infrastructure and online sites and networks for both internal and external operations that are critical to our business (collectively, “IT Systems”). We own and manage some of these IT Systems but also rely on third parties for a range of IT Systems and related products and services, including but not limited to cloud computing services. We and our third-party suppliers and service providers face numerous and evolving cybersecurity risks that threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of IT Systems and Confidential Information, including from diverse threat actors, such as state-sponsored organizations, opportunistic hackers and hacktivists, as well as through diverse attack vectors, such as social engineering/phishing, malware (including ransomware), malfeasance by insiders, human or technological error, and as a result of malicious code embedded in open-source software, or misconfigurations, bugs or other vulnerabilities in commercial software that is integrated into our (or our suppliers’ or service providers’) IT Systems, products or services. Such threats may result in the penetration of our network or that of our vendors or suppliers, and the misappropriation of our Confidential Information, system disruptions, damage to our information systems, or shutdowns of our information technology environment. They also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that attack our systems or otherwise exploit security vulnerabilities. We may also face increased cybersecurity risks due to our reliance on
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internet technology and our remote working environment, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. These same risks are also faced by our significant vendors who are also in possession of sensitive Confidential Information. Because the techniques used to circumvent, gain access to, or sabotage security systems can be highly sophisticated, may use advanced technologies (such as artificial intelligence) and change frequently, they often are not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques, which can circumvent security controls, evade detection and remove forensic evidence, or implement adequate preventive measures, resulting in potential inappropriate access, breach, or data loss and damage to our IT Systems, Confidential Information, or business. Additionally, any integration of artificial intelligence in our or any service providers’ operations, products or services is expected to pose new or unknown cybersecurity risks and challenges. Our IT Systems are also subject to compromise from internal threats such as improper action by employees, including malicious insiders, or by vendors, counterparties, and other third parties with otherwise legitimate access to our systems. We have acquired and may in the future acquire companies that may contain cybersecurity vulnerabilities and/or unsophisticated security measures, which can expose us to cybersecurity, operational, and financial risks. There can also be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including our policies, employee training (including phishing prevention training), procedures, and technical safeguards will be fully implemented and complied with or effective in preventing all improper access to our IT Systems or Confidential Information by employees, vendors, counterparties, or other third parties. Our facilities and IT Systems, or those of our service providers, may also be vulnerable to security incidents or security attacks, acts of vandalism or theft, misplaced or lost data, human errors, or other similar events that could negatively affect our systems or our members’ data, or could cause interruptions to our operations.
Moreover, we face the ongoing challenge of managing access controls in a complex environment. The process of enhancing our protective measures can itself create a risk of systems disruptions and security issues. Given the breadth of our operations and the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, a particular incident could occur and persist for an extended period of time before being detected. The extent of a particular cyberattack and the steps that we may need to take to investigate the attack may take a significant amount of time before such an investigation could be completed and full and reliable information about the incident is known. During such time, the extent of any harm or how best to remediate it might not be known, which could further increase the risks, costs, and consequences of a data security incident. In addition, our IT Systems must be routinely updated, patched, and upgraded to protect against identified vulnerabilities. The volume of new software vulnerabilities has increased substantially, as has the importance of patches and other remedial measures. In addition to remediating newly identified vulnerabilities, previously identified vulnerabilities must also be updated. We are at risk that cyber attackers exploit these known vulnerabilities before they have been comprehensively addressed, leading to significant compromises that could impact our and our customers’ IT Systems and data. In other situations, vulnerabilities persist even after we have issued security patches because our customers or third-party service providers may fail to apply patches or update their systems to newer software versions. The complexity of our systems and platforms, the increased frequency at which vendors are issuing security patches to their products, our need to test patches and, in some instances, coordinate with third parties before they can be deployed, all could further increase our risks.
Where doing so is necessary in order to conduct our business, we also provide sensitive member Personal Information, as well as Confidential Information relating to our business, to our third-party service providers. Those third-party service providers may also be subject to data intrusions or data breaches. Any compromise of the Confidential Information of our members, employees, or business, or the failure to prevent or mitigate the loss of or damage to this data through breach, could result in operational, reputational, competitive, or other business harm, as well as financial costs and regulatory action. The Company maintains cybersecurity insurance in the event of an information security or cyber incident. However, we cannot guarantee that the coverage will be sufficient to cover all financial losses and liabilities.
We and certain of our third-party service providers may experience cyberattacks and other incidents, and we expect such attacks and incidents to continue in varying degrees. In addition, we may also be subject to cyberattacks and other incidents. While to date no incidents have had a material impact on our operations or financial results, we cannot guarantee that material incidents will not occur in the future. Any adverse impact to the availability, integrity or confidentiality of our IT Systems or Confidential Information, or related litigation, and governmental investigations could divert the attention of management from the operation of our business, result in reputational damage, and have a material adverse impact on our business, cash flows, financial condition, and results of operations. Moreover, our programs to detect, contain, and respond to data security incidents as well as contingency plans may not be effective in preventing or mitigating all incidents and insurance coverage for potential liabilities of this nature may not be sufficient to cover all claims and liabilities.
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Noncompliance with any privacy, security, or data protection laws and regulations, or any security breach, cyber-attack, or cyber-security breach, and any incident involving the misappropriation, theft, loss, or other unauthorized disclosure or use of, or access to, IT Systems or sensitive or Confidential Information, whether by us or by one of our third-party service providers, could require us to expend significant resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures and to remediate any damage. In addition, this could negatively affect our operations, cause system disruptions, damage our reputation, cause membership losses and contract breaches, and could also result in regulatory investigations or enforcement actions, material fines and penalties, contractual liquidated damages, litigation or proceedings (such as class actions), or other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition, or results of operations.
We may be unable to successfully integrate our acquisitions or realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions, including the full realization of our embedded earnings.
Our growth strategy includes the pursuit of targeted inorganic growth opportunities that we believe will provide a strategic fit, leverage operational synergies, and lead to incremental earnings accretion. The integration of acquired businesses with our existing business is a complex, costly, and time-consuming process. The success of acquisitions we make will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully combine our existing business with such acquired businesses and realize the anticipated benefits, including synergies, cost savings, growth in earnings, innovation, and operational efficiencies. If we are unable to achieve these objectives within the anticipated time frame, or at all, the anticipated benefits may not be fully realized, or may take longer to realize than expected.
Our acquisitions and the related integration activities involve a number of risks, including the following:
•The transition services that a seller may have agreed to provide following the closing may not be provided in a timely or efficient manner, or certain necessary transition services may not be provided at all; similarly, any agreement by us to provide “reverse transition services” to a seller may be unduly burdensome, inefficient, and costly;
•Unforeseen expenses or delays associated with the acquisition and/or integration, including the unexpected emergence of liabilities of the acquired entity that had not previously been disclosed or foreseen;
•The assumptions underlying our expectations regarding the integration process or the expected benefits to be achieved from an acquisition may prove to be incorrect;
•Maintaining employee morale and retaining key management and other employees, and satisfactorily addressing any differences in corporate culture;
•Difficulties retaining the business and operational relationships of the acquired business, and attracting new business and operational relationships;
•Unanticipated attrition in the membership of the acquired business pending the completion of the proposed transaction or after the closing of the transaction;
•Unanticipated difficulties or costs in integrating information technology, communications, and other systems, consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures, and eliminating duplicative operations;
•Attention to integration activities may divert management’s attention from ongoing business concerns, which could result in performance shortfalls;
•Successfully addressing the challenges inherent in managing a larger company and coordinating geographically separate organizations; and
•Delays in obtaining, or inability to obtain, necessary state or federal regulatory approvals, or such approvals may impose conditions that were not anticipated.
Many of these factors are outside of our control, and any one of them could result in delays, increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues, and diversion of management's time and energy, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in managing our expanded operations as a result of acquisitions or that we will realize the expected growth in earnings, operating efficiencies, cost savings, or other benefits.
We may be unable to sustain our projected rate of growth due to a lack of merger and acquisition opportunities.
Many of the targets of our strategic transactions have been non-profit entities. If the number of health care entities willing and able to enter into consolidation transactions with us declines in the future, we may be unable to fully achieve our growth strategy, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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Failure to attain profitability in any newly acquired health plans or new start-up operations could negatively affect our results of operations.
Start-up costs associated with a new business can be substantial. For example, to obtain a certificate of authority to operate as a health maintenance organization in most jurisdictions, we must first establish a provider network, develop and establish infrastructure and required systems, and demonstrate our ability to process claims. Often, we are also required to contribute significant capital to fund mandated net worth requirements, performance bonds or escrows, or contingency guaranties. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining a certificate of authority, winning the bid to provide services, building out our provider network, or attracting and retaining members in sufficient numbers to cover our start-up costs, the new business could fail, or the losses we incur could impact our results of operations.
If we lose contracts that constitute a significant amount of our premium revenue, we will lose the administrative cost efficiencies or cost leverage that is inherent in a larger revenue base.
We currently spread the cost of centralized services over a large revenue base. Many of our administrative costs are fixed in nature and will be incurred at the same level regardless of the size of our revenue base. If we lose contracts that constitute a significant amount of our revenue, we may not be able to reduce the expense of centralized services in a manner that is proportional to that loss of revenue. In such circumstances, not only will our total dollar margins decline, but our percentage margins, measured as a percentage of revenue, will also decline. This loss of cost efficiency or cost leverage, and the resulting stranded administrative costs, could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Our health plans are subject to risk associated with various contractual provisions and regulations establishing medical cost expenditure floors, profit ceilings, risk corridors, or quality withholds.
A substantial portion of our premium revenue is subject to contract provisions pertaining to medical cost expenditure floors and corridors, administrative cost and profit ceilings, premium stabilization programs, or cost-plus and performance-based reimbursement programs. Many of these contract provisions are complex, or are poorly or ambiguously drafted, and thus are subject to differing interpretations by us and the relevant government agency with whom we contract. If the applicable government agency disagrees with our interpretation or implementation of a particular contract provision, we could be required to adjust the amount of our obligation under that provision. Any such adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
In addition, many of our contracts contain provisions pertaining to at-risk premiums that require us to meet certain quality performance measures to earn all of our contract revenues. If we are unsuccessful in achieving the stated performance measure, we will be unable to recognize the revenue associated with that measure, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
If, in the interest of long-term profitability, we decide to exit certain state contractual arrangements, make changes to our provider networks, or make changes to our administrative infrastructure, we may suffer disruptions to our business that could in the short term materially reduce our premium revenues and our net income.
Decisions that we make with regard to retaining or exiting our portfolio of state or federal contracts, and changes to the manner in which we serve the members of those contracts, could generate substantial expenses associated with the run out of existing operations and the restructuring of those operations that remain. Such expenses could include, but would not be limited to, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, restructuring costs, additional medical costs incurred due to the inability to leverage long-term relationships with medical providers, and costs incurred to finish the run out of businesses that have ceased to generate revenue, all of which could materially reduce our premium revenues and net income.
A failure to accurately estimate incurred but not paid medical care costs may negatively impact our results of operations.
Because of the lag in time between when medical services are actually rendered by our providers and when we receive, process, and pay a claim for those medical services, we must continually estimate our medical claims liability at particular points in time and establish claims reserves related to such estimates. Our estimated reserves for such incurred but not paid, or IBNP, medical care costs are based on numerous assumptions and inputs. We estimate our medical claims liabilities using actuarial methods based on historical data adjusted for claims receipt and payment experience (and variations in that experience), changes in membership, provider billing practices, healthcare service utilization trends, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, prior authorization of medical services, benefit changes, known incidence of disease, or increased incidence of illness such as the flu or COVID, provider contract changes, changes to Medicaid fee schedules, and the incidence of high dollar or catastrophic claims. Our
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ability to accurately estimate claims for our newer lines of business or populations is negatively impacted by the more limited experience we have had with those newer lines of business or populations.
The IBNP estimation methods we use and the resulting reserves that we establish are reviewed and updated, and adjustments, if deemed necessary, are reflected in the current period. Given the numerous uncertainties inherent in such estimates, our actual claims liabilities for a particular quarter or other period could differ significantly from the amounts estimated and reserved for that quarter or period. Our actual claims liabilities have varied and will continue to vary from our estimates, particularly in times of significant changes in utilization, medical cost trends, and populations and markets served.
If our actual liability for claims payments is higher than previously estimated, our earnings in any particular quarter or annual period could be negatively affected. Our estimates of IBNP may be inadequate in the future, which would negatively affect our results of operations for the relevant time period. Furthermore, if we are unable to accurately estimate IBNP, our ability to take timely corrective actions may be limited, further exacerbating the extent of the negative impact on our results.
If we are unable to deliver quality care, and maintain good relations with the physicians, hospitals, and other providers with whom we contract, or if we are unable to enter into cost-effective contracts with such providers, our profitability could be adversely affected.
We contract with physicians, hospitals, and other providers as a means to ensure access to healthcare services for our members, to manage medical care costs and utilization, and to better monitor the quality of care being delivered. We compete with other health plans to contract with these providers. We believe providers select plans in which they participate based on criteria including reimbursement rates, timeliness and accuracy of claims payment, potential to deliver new patient volume and/or retain existing patients, effectiveness of resolution of calls and complaints, and other factors. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain providers to maintain a competitive network in the geographic areas we serve. In addition, in any particular market, providers could refuse to contract with us, demand higher payments, or take other actions which could result in higher medical care costs, disruption to provider access for current members, a decline in our growth rate, or difficulty in meeting regulatory or accreditation requirements. Moreover, in the ordinary course there is natural turnover and change among physician practices, including office moves, practitioner retirements, cessation of practice, practice mergers or additions, and so on. Often we are not made aware of these changes on a timely basis or at all, which makes it highly difficult to maintain fully accurate provider directories at all times. The inaccuracy of our provider directors incidental to such change could subject us to fines, sanctions, lawsuits, or other liabilities.
The Medicaid program generally pays doctors and hospitals at levels well below those of Medicare and private insurance. Large numbers of doctors, therefore, do not accept Medicaid patients. In the face of fiscal pressures, some states may reduce rates paid to providers, which may further discourage participation in the Medicaid program.
In some markets, certain providers, particularly hospitals and some specialists, may have significant market positions or even monopolies. If these providers refuse to contract with us or utilize their market position to negotiate favorable contracts which are disadvantageous to us, our profitability in those areas could be adversely affected.
Some providers that render services to our members are not contracted with our health plans. In those cases, there is no pre-established understanding between the provider and our health plan about the amount of compensation that is due to the provider. If providers claim they are underpaid for their services, they may litigate or arbitrate their dispute with our health plan. State and federal laws intended to prevent or limit “surprise billing,” such as the No Surprises Act, define the compensation that must be paid to out-of-network providers in certain scenarios, and require rate disputes between payors and out-of-network providers to be resolved through independent dispute resolution (“IDR”). There have been lawsuits challenging portions of the No Surprises Act in federal courts, particularly related to the use of the qualifying payment amount in the IDR process, which may result in an increase in rates we must pay to out-of-network providers. Federal agencies have continued to issue guidance regarding the implementation of the No Surprises Act, and we expect the agencies’ interpretations of the law’s requirements will continue to evolve. The impact that federal and state surprise billing laws will have on our business is uncertain and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
We rely on the accuracy of eligibility lists provided by state governments. Inaccuracies in those lists could negatively affect our results of operations.
Premium payments to our health plans are based upon eligibility lists produced by state governments. From time to time, states require us to reimburse them for premiums paid to us based on an eligibility list that a state later
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discovers contains individuals who are not in fact eligible for a government sponsored program or are eligible for a different premium category or a different program. Alternatively, a state could fail to pay us for members for whom we are entitled to payment. Our results of operations would be adversely affected as a result of such reimbursement to the state if we make or have made related payments to providers and are unable to recoup such payments from the providers. Further, when a state implements new programs to determine eligibility, establishes new processes to assign or enroll eligible members into health plans, or chooses new subcontractors, there is an increased potential for an unanticipated impact on the overall number of members assigned to managed care health plans. Whenever a state effects an eligibility redetermination for any reason, there is generally an associated reduction in Medicaid membership, which could have an adverse effect on our premium revenues and results of operations.
The insolvency of a delegated provider could obligate us to pay its referral claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Many of our primary care physicians and a small portion of our specialists and hospitals are paid on a capitated basis. Under capitation arrangements, we pay a fixed amount per member per month to the provider without regard to the frequency, extent, or nature of the medical services actually furnished. Due to insolvency or other circumstances, such providers may be unable or unwilling to pay claims they have incurred with third parties in connection with referral services provided to our members. The inability or unwillingness of delegated providers to pay referral claims presents us with both immediate financial risk and potential disruption to member care, as well as potential loss of members. Depending on states’ laws, we may be held liable for such unpaid referral claims even though the delegated provider has contractually assumed such risk. Additionally, competitive pressures or practical regulatory considerations may force us to pay such claims even when we have no legal obligation to do so; or we have already paid claims to a delegated provider and such payments cannot be recouped when the delegated provider becomes insolvent. Liabilities incurred or losses suffered as a result of provider insolvency or other circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
If a state fails to renew its federal waiver application for mandated Medicaid enrollment into managed care or such application is denied, our membership in that state will likely decrease.
States may only mandate Medicaid enrollment into managed care under federal waivers or demonstrations. Waivers and programs under demonstrations are approved for two- to five-year periods and can be renewed on an ongoing basis if the state applies and the waiver request is approved or renewed by CMS. We have no control over this renewal process. If a state in which we operate does not renew its mandated program or the federal government denies the state’s application for renewal, our business would suffer as a result of a likely decrease in membership.
Our business depends on our information and medical management systems, and our inability to effectively integrate, manage, update, and keep secure our information and medical management systems could disrupt our operations.
Our business is dependent on effective and secure information systems, cloud providers and artificial intelligence (“AI”) capabilities that assist us in processing provider claims, monitoring utilization and other cost factors, supporting our medical management techniques, providing data to our regulators, and implementing our data security measures. Our members and providers also depend upon our information systems for enrollment, premium processing, primary care and specialist physician roster access, membership verifications, claims status, provider payments, and other information. If we experience a reduction in the performance, reliability, or availability of our information and medical management systems, our operations, ability to pay claims, ability to produce timely and accurate reports, and ability to maintain proper security measures, could be adversely affected.
We have partnered with third parties to support our information technology systems. This makes our operations vulnerable to adverse effects if such third parties fail to perform adequately. We are party to a master services agreement with a third party vendor who manages certain of our information technology infrastructure services including, among other things, our information technology operations, end-user services, and data centers. If any licensor or vendor of any technology which is integral to our operations were to become insolvent or otherwise fail to support the technology sufficiently, our operations could be negatively affected. Additionally, our operations are vulnerable to adverse effects if such third parties are unable to perform due to forces outside of their control, such as a natural disaster or serious weather event.
Our encounter data, or the encounter data of the health plans we acquire, may be inaccurate or incomplete, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations, and on our ability to bid for, and continue to participate in, certain programs.
Our contracts require the submission of complete and correct encounter data. The accurate and timely reporting of
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encounter data is increasingly important to the success of our programs because more states are using encounter data to determine compliance with performance standards and to set premium rates. We have been, and continue to be, exposed to operating sanctions and financial fines and penalties for noncompliance. In some instances, our government clients have established retroactive requirements for the encounter data we must submit. There also may be periods of time in which we are unable to meet existing requirements. In either case, it may be prohibitively expensive or impossible for us to collect or reconstruct this historical data. Moreover, these same issues may also apply to the health plans we acquire, and we may be required to expend significant costs or pay fines to correct these deficiencies.
In the past, we have experienced challenges in obtaining complete and accurate encounter data due to difficulties with providers and third-party vendors submitting claims in a timely fashion in the proper format, and with state agencies in coordinating such submissions. As states increase their reliance on encounter data, these difficulties could adversely affect the premium rates we receive and how membership is assigned to us, and subject us to financial penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations, and on our ability to bid for, and continue to participate in, certain programs.
We may not be successful in our AI administrative and operational initiatives, which could adversely affect our business or reputation.
As part of our operating efficiencies, we are making appreciable investments in certain AI administrative tools and initiatives to enhance our operations and to save costs. The development and use of AI technologies is still in its early stages. There are risks associated with the development and deployment of AI, and there can be no assurance that the usage of AI will enhance our operations or reduce our operational costs. Our AI-related efforts may give rise to risks related to accuracy, bias, discrimination, intellectual property rights and infringement, data privacy, and cybersecurity, among others. In addition, these risks include the possibility of new, changing, or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, litigation, other legal liability, ethical concerns, negative consumer perceptions as to automation and AI, or other complications that could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. For instance, the California Privacy Protection Agency’s new regulations under the CCPA regarding the use of automated decision-making went into effect on January 1, 2026. California also enacted seventeen new laws in 2024 that further regulate use of AI technologies and provide consumers with additional protections around companies’ use of AI technologies, such as requiring companies to disclose certain uses of generative AI. Other states are also considering AI-focused legislation, which would require developers and deployers of “high-risk” AI systems to implement certain safeguards against algorithmic discrimination. However, there also continues to be uncertainty regarding the enforceability of such regulations and how they will apply to the development and use of AI technologies. For instance, the federal government may seek to preempt state laws when they seek to govern certain topics, as evidenced by the Trump administration’s “Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence” Executive Order signed on December 11, 2025. This order calls for federal standards and legislation that would preempt conflicting state AI regulations and create a federal litigation task force focused on challenging state AI laws in court. The Trump administration may continue to implement new or rescind existing federal orders and/or administrative policies relating to AI technologies. Any such changes at the federal level could require us to expend significant resources to modify our products, services, or operations to ensure compliance or remain competitive. As a result, implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future, and we cannot yet completely determine the impact future laws, regulations, standards, or market perception of their requirements may have on our business and may not always be able to anticipate how to respond to these laws or regulations. Therefore, it is not possible to predict all of the risks and potentially unintended consequences related to the use of AI by vendors, third-party developers, or the Company.
An impairment charge with respect to our recorded goodwill, or our finite-lived intangible assets, could have a material impact on our financial results.
As of December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of goodwill was $1,958 million, and intangible assets, net, were $237 million.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis, and more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Impairment indicators may include declines, or expected declines, in operating performance or cash-flows, significant losses of membership, state funding, or state contracts, adverse regulatory changes, or other declines in market conditions, such as a decline in the company’s market capitalization. Goodwill is impaired if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. This excess is recorded as an impairment loss and adjusted if necessary for the impact of tax-deductible goodwill. The loss recognized may not exceed the total goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
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An event could occur that would cause us to revise our estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the value of our goodwill, and intangible assets, net. For example, if the responsive bid of one or more of our health plans is not successful, we will lose a contract in the applicable state or states and such loss may be an indicator of impairment. If an event or events occur that would cause us to revise our estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the value of our goodwill and other intangible assets, such revision could result in a non-cash impairment charge that could have a material impact on our results of operations in the period in which the impairment occurs.
The value of our investments is influenced by varying economic and market conditions, and a decrease in value may result in a loss charged to income.
We maintain a significant investment portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments in a variety of securities, which are subject to general credit, liquidity, market, and interest rate risks. As a result, we may experience a reduction in value or loss of our investments, which may have a negative adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition. Changes in the economic environment, including periods of increased volatility in the securities markets and recent increases in inflation and interest rates, can increase the difficulty of assessing investment impairment and increase the risk of potential impairment of these assets. There is continuing risk that declines in the fair value of our investments may occur, and material impairments may be charged to income in future periods, resulting in recognized losses.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY
Medicaid enrollees continue to be subject to eligibility redeterminations and potential disenrollments on a state by state basis, and the number and health acuity level of Medicaid enrollees we retain may be lower than our current estimates.
Following the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency, we lost approximately 675,000 members due to eligibility redeterminations. Periodic redeterminations on a state by state basis have now resumed as before the pandemic. Actuarial assumptions related to the health acuity of remaining members may continue to be difficult to predict or may be inaccurate, resulting in inaccurate rates to be paid to health plans. Errors in our estimates related to redeterminations, and actuarial errors related to the acuity of Medicaid members, may impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
CMS has now ended the MMP program, which programmatic change could impact our premium revenues.
To coordinate care for those who qualify to receive both Medicare and Medicaid services (the “dual eligibles”), under the direction of CMS some states implemented demonstration pilot programs to integrate Medicare and Medicaid services for the dual eligibles. The health plans participating in such demonstrations are referred to as MMPs. Pursuant to the 2023 CMS Medicare Final Rule, which requires MMP plans to end no later than December 2025, the five states in which we operate MMPs – Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas – transitioned their current MMP contracts to integrated D-SNP contracts on January 1, 2026. The economic impact of such transitions to D-SNP on our premium revenues is uncertain.
Moreover, many states are now requiring Medicare to be offered by a health plan if that health plan is awarded a Medicaid contract. These new requirements could impact our readiness status or eligibility under certain state Medicaid programs or contracts.
Further, the Star Rating System utilized by CMS to evaluate Medicare plans may have a significant effect on our revenue, as higher-rated plans tend to experience increased enrollment and plans with a Star rating of 4.0 or higher are eligible for quality-based bonus payments. Those Medicare plans that achieve less than a 3.0 Star rating for either part C or D for three consecutive years are issued a notice of non-renewal of their contract for the following year. If we do not maintain our Star ratings above 3.0 or continue to improve our Star ratings, fail to meet or exceed our competitors’ Star ratings, or if quality-based bonus payments are reduced or eliminated, we may experience a negative impact on our revenues and the benefits that our plans can offer, which could materially and adversely affect the marketability of our plans, our membership levels, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. Similarly, if we fail to meet or exceed any performance standards imposed by state Medicaid programs in which we participate, we may not receive performance-based bonus payments, we may incur penalties, or we may lose our Medicaid contract which may also result in a loss to our Medicare contract if it is a HIDE or FIDE D-SNP.
We are periodically subject to government audits, including CMS RADV audits of our Medicare D-SNP plans to validate diagnostic data, patient claims, and financial reporting. These audits could result in significant adjustments in payments made to our health plans, particularly if it is an audit which involves extrapolation, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. If errors are identified during a RADV audit, or it is otherwise determined that we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could be subject to fines, civil penalties, or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to participate in these
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programs, and on our financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. In addition, if a D-SNP or MMP plan pays minimum medical loss ratio (“MLR”) rebates for three consecutive years, such plan will become ineligible to enroll new members.
If state regulators do not approve payments of dividends and distributions by our subsidiaries, it may negatively affect our ability to meet our debt service and other obligations.
We are a corporate parent holding company and hold most of our assets in, and conduct most of our operations through, our direct subsidiaries. As a holding company, our results of operations depend on the results of operations of our subsidiaries. Moreover, we are dependent on dividends or other intercompany transfers of funds from our subsidiaries to meet our debt service and other obligations. The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to us depends on their operating results and is subject to applicable laws and restrictions contained in agreements governing the debt of such subsidiaries. In addition, our health plan subsidiaries are subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of ordinary dividends and distributions that they can pay to us without prior approval of, or notification to, state regulators. In general, our health plans must give thirty days’ advance notice and the opportunity to disapprove “extraordinary” dividends to the respective state departments of insurance for amounts that exceed either (a) ten percent of surplus or net worth at the prior year end or (b) the net income for the prior year, depending on the respective state statute. The discretion of the state regulators in approving or disapproving a dividend is not clearly defined. Our health plans generally must provide notice to the applicable state regulator prior to paying a dividend or other distribution to us. Our parent company received $985 million and $997 million in dividends from our regulated health plan subsidiaries during 2025 and 2024, respectively. If the regulators were to deny or significantly restrict our subsidiaries’ requests to pay dividends to us, the funds available to our Company as a whole would be limited, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
We are subject to extensive fraud and abuse laws that may give rise to lawsuits and claims against us, the outcome of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Because we receive payments from federal and state governmental agencies, we are subject to various laws commonly referred to as “fraud and abuse” laws, including federal and state anti-kickback statutes, prohibited referrals, and the federal False Claims Act, which permit agencies and enforcement authorities to institute a suit against us for purported violations and, in some cases, to seek treble damages, criminal and civil fines, penalties, and assessments. Violations of these laws can also result in exclusion, debarment, temporary or permanent suspension from participation in government healthcare programs, or the institution of corporate integrity agreements. Liability under such federal and state statutes and regulations may arise if we know, or it is determined that we should have known, that information we provide to form the basis for a claim for government payment is false or fraudulent, and some courts have permitted False Claims Act suits to proceed if the claimant was out of compliance with program requirements.
Fraud, waste and abuse prohibitions encompass a wide range of operating activities, including kickbacks or other inducements for referral of members or for the coverage of products (such as prescription drugs) by a plan, billing for unnecessary medical services by a provider, up-coding, payments made to excluded providers, improper marketing, and the violation of patient privacy rights. Companies involved in public health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are required to maintain compliance programs to detect and deter fraud, waste, and abuse, and are often the subject of fraud, waste and abuse investigations and audits. The regulations and contractual requirements applicable to participants in these public-sector programs are complex and subject to change.
The federal government has taken the position that claims presented in violation of the federal anti-kickback statute may be considered a violation of the federal False Claims Act. In addition, under the federal civil monetary penalty statute, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General has the authority to impose civil penalties against any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, certain false or otherwise improper claims. Qui tam actions under federal and state law are brought by a private individual, known as a relator, on behalf of the government. A relator who brings a successful qui tam lawsuit can receive 15 to 30 percent of the damages the government recovers from the defendants, which damages are trebled under the False Claims Act. Because of these financial inducements offered to plaintiffs, qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to incur the costs of having to defend against false claims actions, including the costs associated with responding to exploratory Civil Investigative Demands brought by the government, many of which are spurious and without merit. In addition, false claims actions could result in fines or debarment from the Medicaid, Medicare, or other state or federal healthcare programs. If we are subject to liability under a qui tam or other actions, our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations could be adversely affected. Even if we are successful in defending qui tam actions against
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us, the fact that these actions were filed against us, even if ultimately determined to be without merit, could result in expensive defense costs, and also could have an adverse impact on our reputation and our ability to obtain regulatory approval for acquisitions that we may pursue.
Our use and disclosure of personal information and other non-public information, including protected health information, is subject to federal and state laws, regulations, and requirements relating to the privacy, security, and processing of personal information, and any actual or perceived failure by us or our third-party service providers to comply with those ever-evolving regulations or to adequately secure the information we hold may result in significant liability, negative publicity, and/or an erosion of trust, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
In connection with running our business, we receive, store, use and otherwise process information that relates to individuals and/or constitutes “personal data,” “personal information,” “personally identifiable information,” or similar terms under applicable data privacy laws (collectively, “Personal Information”), including from and about actual and prospective customers, as well as our employees and business contacts. We also depend on a number of third-party service providers in relation to the operation of our business, a number of which process Personal Information on our behalf. We and our third-party service providers are therefore subject to a variety of federal, state data privacy laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and other requirements, including those that apply generally to the processing of Personal Information, and those that are specific to certain industries, sectors, contexts, or locations. For example, HIPAA, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”), and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”), govern the collection, dissemination, transmission, use, privacy, confidentiality, security, availability, and integrity of Personal Information and protected health information (“protected health information” or “PHI”).
Furthermore, depending on the circumstance, we may act as either a covered entity and/or a business associate under HIPAA. HIPAA establishes breach notification obligations and basic privacy and security standards for protection of PHI by certain healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, known as covered entities, as well as their business associates that perform certain services that involve creating, receiving, maintaining or transmitting PHI for or on behalf of such covered entities, and their covered subcontractors. HIPAA requires covered entities and business associates to develop and maintain policies and procedures regarding PHI, and to adopt administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect PHI.
Additionally, under HIPAA, covered entities must notify affected individuals of breaches of unsecured PHI without unreasonable delay following discovery of the breach by a covered entity. Notification also must be made to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights, or OCR, and, in certain circumstances involving large breaches, to the media. Business associates must report breaches of unsecured PHI to covered entities within 60 days of discovery of the breach by the business associate. We have experienced HIPAA breaches in the past, including breaches affecting over 500 individuals.
Entities that experience HIPAA violations as the result of a breach of unsecured PHI, a complaint about privacy practices or an audit by the HHS may be subject to civil monetary penalties and/or additional reporting and oversight obligations if required to enter into a resolution agreement and corrective action plan with HHS to settle allegations of HIPAA non-compliance. In certain circumstances, entities or individuals may be subject to criminal penalties for HIPAA violations. HIPAA authorizes state Attorneys General to file suit under HIPAA on behalf of state residents. Courts can award damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of PHI.
The GLBA regulates, among other things, the use of certain information about individuals (“non-public personal information”) in the context of the provision of financial services, including by banks and other financial institutions. The GLBA includes both a “Privacy Rule,” which imposes obligations on financial institutions relating to the use or disclosure of non-public personal information, and a “Safeguards Rule,” which imposes obligations on financial institutions and, indirectly, their service providers to implement and maintain physical, administrative and technological measures to protect the security of non-public personal financial information. Any failure to comply with the GLBA could result in substantial financial penalties.
Even when HIPAA and the GLBA do not apply, we are still subject to requirements imposed by U.S. states and the federal government. For example, the FTC and state regulators enforce a variety of data privacy and security issues, such as promises made in privacy policies or a company’s data security measures failing to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities, which may be deemed as
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unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of the FTC Act or similar state laws. Individually identifiable health information is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards.
In addition, in recent years, certain states have adopted or modified data privacy and security laws and regulations that may apply to our business, including laws that govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways, thus complicating compliance efforts. For example, California enacted the CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The CCPA, among other things, created data privacy obligations for covered companies and provides new privacy rights to California residents, including the right to opt out of certain disclosures of their information. The CCPA also created a private right of action with statutory damages for certain data breaches, thereby potentially increasing risks associated with a data breach. Similar laws have gone into effect and are enforceable, or have been proposed in many other states and at the federal level as well.
If we or one or more of our vendors does not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to PHI, Personal Information, or non-public personal information, we could be subject to criminal or civil sanctions. Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or other unauthorized disclosure or use of member Confidential Information, whether by us or by our vendors, could subject us to civil and criminal penalties, divert management’s time and energy, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Even though we believe we and our vendors are generally in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to privacy and data security, it is possible that new laws, regulations and other requirements, or amendments to or changes in interpretations of existing laws, regulations and other requirements, may require us to incur significant costs, implement new processes, or change our handling of information and business operations, which could ultimately hinder our ability to grow our business by extracting value from our data assets. In addition, any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, regulations and other requirements relating to the privacy, security and handling of information could result in legal claims or proceedings (including class actions), regulatory investigations or enforcement actions. We could incur significant costs in investigating and defending such claims and, if found liable, pay significant damages or fines or be required to make changes to our business. These proceedings and any subsequent adverse outcomes may subject us to significant negative publicity. If any of these events were to occur, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Unforeseen changes in pharmaceutical regulations or market conditions may impact our revenues and adversely affect our results of operations.
Pharmaceutical products and services are a significant component of our healthcare costs. Evolving regulations and state and federal mandates regarding coverage may impact the ability of our health plans to continue to receive existing price discounts on pharmaceutical products for our members. Other factors affecting our pharmaceutical costs include, but are not limited to, the price of pharmaceuticals, geographic variation in utilization of new and existing pharmaceuticals, and changes in discounts. The unpredictable nature of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Increases in our pharmaceutical costs could have a material adverse effect on the level of our medical costs and our results of operations.
Introduction of new high cost specialty drugs and sudden cost spikes for existing drugs increase the risk that the pharmacy cost assumptions used to develop our capitation rates are not adequate to cover the actual pharmacy costs, which jeopardizes the overall actuarial soundness of our rates. Bearing the high costs of new specialty drugs or the high cost inflation of generic drugs without an appropriate rate adjustment or other reimbursement mechanism would have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, evolving regulations and state and federal mandates regarding coverage may impact the ability of our health plans to continue to receive existing price discounts on pharmaceutical products for our members. Other factors affecting our pharmaceutical costs include, but are not limited to, geographic variation in utilization of new and existing pharmaceuticals, changes in discounts, civil investigations, and litigation. Some of our competitors have been subject to substantial sanctions related to allegations of improper transfer pricing practices. Further, our principal pharmacy benefit manager, or PBM, Caremark, is party to certain lawsuits and putative class actions regarding its drug pricing practices and its rebate arrangements with drug manufacturers. The ultimate outcome of these complaints may have an adverse impact on our pharmaceutical costs, or potentially could result in our becoming involved or impleaded into similar or related costly litigation. Although we will continue to work with state Medicaid agencies in an effort to ensure that we receive appropriate and actuarially sound reimbursement for all new drug therapies and pharmaceuticals trends, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in that regard.
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Large-scale medical emergencies in one or more states in which we operate our health plans could significantly increase utilization rates and medical costs.
Large-scale medical emergencies can take many forms and be associated with widespread illness or medical conditions. For example, natural disasters, such as a major earthquake or wildfire in California, or a major hurricane affecting Florida, South Carolina, or Texas, could have a significant impact on the health of a large number of our covered members. Other conditions that could impact our members include a virulent flu season or epidemic, a resurgence of COVID-19, or the emergence of new viruses for which vaccines may not exist, are not effective, or have not been widely administered.
In addition, federal and state law enforcement officials have issued warnings about potential terrorist activity involving biological or other weapons of mass destruction. All of these conditions, and others, could have a significant impact on the health of the population of wide-spread areas. If one of the states in which we operate were to experience a large-scale natural disaster, a significant terrorist attack, or some other large-scale event affecting the health of a large number of our members, our covered medical expenses in that state would rise, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
We face various risks inherent in the government contracting process that could materially and adversely affect our business and profitability, including periodic routine and non-routine reviews, audits, and investigations by government agencies.
We are subject to various risks inherent in the government contracting process. These risks include routine and non-routine governmental reviews, audits, and investigations, and compliance with government reporting requirements. Violation of the laws, regulations, executive orders or contract provisions governing our operations, or changes in interpretations of those laws, regulations or executive orders, could result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, the cancellation of our government contracts, the suspension or revocation of our licenses, the exclusion from participation in government sponsored health programs, or the revision and recoupment of past payments made based on audit findings. If we are unable to correct any noted deficiencies, or become subject to material fines or other sanctions, we could suffer a substantial reduction in profitability, and could also lose one or more of our government contracts. In addition, government receivables are subject to government audit and negotiation, and government contracts are vulnerable to disagreements with the government. The final amounts we ultimately receive under government contracts may be different from the amounts we initially recognize in our financial statements.
Any changes to the laws and regulations governing our business, or the interpretation and enforcement of those laws or regulations implemented by the Trump administration, could require us to modify our operations and could negatively impact our operating results.
Our business is extensively regulated by the federal government and the states in which we operate. The laws and regulations governing our operations are generally intended to benefit and protect health plan members and providers rather than managed care organizations. The government agencies administering these laws and regulations have broad latitude in interpreting and applying them. Changes in the interpretation or application of our contracts could reduce our profitability if we have detrimentally relied on a prior interpretation or application. These laws and regulations, along with the terms of our government contracts, regulate how we do business, what services we offer, and how we interact with our members and the public. For instance, some states mandate minimum medical expense levels as a percentage of premium revenues. These laws and regulations, and their interpretations, are subject to frequent change. The interpretation of certain contract provisions by our governmental regulators at the federal and state level may also change. Changes in existing laws or regulations, or their interpretations, or the enactment of new laws or regulations or executive orders, could reduce our profitability by imposing additional capital requirements, increasing our liability, increasing our administrative and other costs, increasing mandated benefits, forcing us to restructure our relationships with providers, requiring us to implement additional or different programs and systems, or making it more difficult to predict future results. Thus, any significant changes in existing health care laws or regulations could materially impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
In particular, the OBBBA enacted several provisions that may impact the number of enrollees in health insurance marketplaces and the size of our member population. The law requires states to establish work requirements and conduct more frequent participant eligibility redeterminations, among other modifications. In addition, the OBBBA may have created a negative public perception that Medicaid services may become unavailable or drastically reduced. Although the full impact of the OBBBA is uncertain at this time, these changes are expected to reduce enrollment in state Medicaid programs. The timing and magnitude of the reductions may vary by state depending on how quickly states implement the changes, how states may adapt their future tax and Medicaid funding policies in
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 33
response, as well as other macroeconomic factors. In addition, the OBBBA ends the APTCs for individuals who enroll in plans via the special enrollment period with income below 150% of the FPL, prohibiting automatic re-enrollment for tax year 2028, and eliminating APTC eligibility for some formerly covered individuals (such as refugees and other immigrant populations). While we currently estimate that the reduction in enrollment in connection with the OBBBA will be in the range of 15% to 20% by 2029 on 1.2 million members in our Medicaid Expansion population, we cannot predict with certainty the magnitude of the impact on our membership or our business. In addition, the OBBBA also reduces revenues that states can raise through provider taxes to finance their share of Medicaid spending and limits payments to Medicaid providers to 100 percent of the mandated Medicare rate for Expansion states and 110% of the Medicare rate for non-Expansion states. These changes are scheduled to begin in 2028, and we expect they may take 5 to 15 years to be fully implemented. Furthermore, in response to state budget challenges, certain states have implemented spending cuts to Medicaid programs, and there may continue to be proposals that could significantly reduce state spending on their Medicaid programs. The impact of these changes and developments is uncertain and will depend on how states may adapt their future tax and Medicaid funding policies in response.
Adverse credit market conditions may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity or our ability to obtain credit on acceptable terms.
In the past, the securities and credit markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption. The availability of credit, from virtually all types of lenders, has at times been restricted. In the event we need access to additional capital to pay our operating expenses, fund health plan subsidiary capital reserve and surplus requirements, make payments on or refinance our indebtedness, pay capital expenditures, or fund acquisitions, our ability to obtain such capital may be limited and the cost of any such capital may be significant, particularly if we are unable to access our revolving credit facility.
Our access to additional financing will depend on a variety of factors, such as prevailing economic and credit market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to our industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, and perceptions of our financial prospects. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us. If one or any combination of these factors were to occur, our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain sufficient additional financing on favorable terms, within an acceptable time period, or at all.
Restrictive covenants in our debt instruments may restrict our ability to pursue our business strategies or have other adverse consequences.
We are party to a credit agreement dated as of November 20, 2025 ( the “New Credit Agreement”) which replaced our prior credit Agreement dated as of June 8, 2020 (the “Prior Credit Agreement”), and includes a revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) of $1.25 billion, among other provisions. Our New Credit Agreement, and the indentures governing our notes, require us to comply with various covenants that impose restrictions on our operations, including our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, pay dividends, make certain investments or other restricted payments, sell or otherwise dispose of substantially all of our assets and engage in other activities. The New Credit Agreement contains customary non-financial and financial covenants, including maintenance of a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the New Credit Agreement) threshold of 3.0 to 1.0, and a maximum Consolidated Total Debt to Capital Ratio (as defined in the New Credit Agreement) of 60%, with a step-up to 65% for four fiscal quarters following a material acquisition or series of related acquisitions (i.e., $500 million or greater cash consideration). On February 4, 2026, we entered into an amendment to the New Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) that temporarily reduces the minimum Interest Coverage Ratio threshold to (a) with respect to each fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2026 through and including December 31, 2026, 1.75:1.00, (b) with respect to each fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027, 2.00:1.00, (c) with respect to fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2027, 2.50:1.00 and (d) with respect to fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2027, 2.75:1.00. These various restrictive covenants could limit our ability to pursue our business strategies. In addition, any failure by us to comply with these restrictive covenants could result in an event of default under the New Credit Agreement and, in some circumstances, under the indentures governing our notes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
We are dependent on the leadership of our chief executive officer and other executive officers and key employees.
The success of our business and the ability to execute our strategy are highly dependent on the leadership of Mr. Zubretsky, our chief executive officer, and that of our other key executive officers and employees. The loss of their leadership, expertise, and experience could negatively impact our operations. In addition, recently the threat
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 34
environment for senior health care executives has worsened considerably, and the need for appropriate security to combat such threats could distract or disrupt senior management from performing their job responsibilities. Our ability to replace our leaders or any other key employee may be difficult and may take an extended period of time because of the limited number of individuals in the healthcare industry who have the breadth and depth of skills and experience necessary to operate and lead a business such as ours. Competition to hire from this limited pool is intense, and we may be unable to hire, train, retain, or motivate these personnel. Adverse changes to our corporate culture or industry perception could harm our business operations and our ability to retain key executive officers and employees. If we are unsuccessful in recruiting, retaining, managing, protecting, and motivating such personnel, our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations could be adversely affected.
We face risks related to litigation or arbitration.
We are subject to a variety of legal actions that may affect our business, including but not limited to provider claims, employment related claims, breach of contract actions, Qui Tam or False Claims Act actions, Civil Investigative Demands, class actions of various kind, including securities law class actions, derivative actions, administrative matters before government agencies, tort claims, and intellectual property-related litigation. These actions or proceedings could result in substantial costs to us, require management to spend substantial time focused on litigation, result in negative media attention, and may adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. If we incur liability materially in excess of the amount for which we have insurance coverage, our profitability would suffer.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and stock price, and could subject us to sanctions by regulatory authorities.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the past, which have subsequently been remediated. If additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, the risk of material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements may increase and we could be required to restate our financial results.
Because our corporate headquarters are located in Southern California, our business operations may be disrupted as a result of a major earthquake or wildfire.
Our corporate headquarters are located in Long Beach, California. In addition, some of our health plans’ claims are processed in Long Beach, California. Southern California is exposed to a statistically greater risk of a major earthquake and wildfires than most other parts of the United States. If a major earthquake or wildfire were to strike near our location in Southern California, our corporate functions and claims processing could be impaired for an unforeseen period of time. If there is a major Southern California earthquake or wildfire, there can be no assurances that our disaster recovery plan will be successful or that the business operations of our health plans, including those that are remote from any such event, would not be impacted.
Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers may materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulation or ordinances could be enacted at any time, or interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us or our customers, any of which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial performance and operating results. In particular, presidential, congressional, state and local elections in the United States could result in significant changes in, and uncertainty with respect to, tax legislation, regulation and government policy directly affecting our business or indirectly affecting us because of impacts on our customers, members, providers, third-party vendors, and service suppliers. For example, the United States government has recently imposed a corporate alternative minimum tax and has, from time to time, proposed and may enact significant changes to the taxation of business entities including, among others, an increase in the corporate income tax rate and surtaxes on certain types of income. The likelihood of these changes being enacted or implemented is unclear. We are currently unable to predict whether such changes will occur and, if so, the ultimate impact on our business. To the extent that such changes have a negative impact on us, our customers, members, providers, third-party vendors and service suppliers, including as a result of related uncertainty, these changes may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, or results of operations.
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Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY
CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT, GOVERNANCE AND RISK ASSESSMENT
The Company is committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information systems and the data they contain from cybersecurity threats. The Company recognizes that cybersecurity is a dynamic and evolving area of risk that requires ongoing assessment, management, and oversight. The Company has established a cybersecurity risk management program (the "Program") that is designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information, including to assess, identify, manage, and mitigate material cybersecurity threats, as well as to respond to and recover from cybersecurity incidents.
CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT
We design and assess our Program based on cybersecurity frameworks, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (“NIST CSF”). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the NIST CSF framework as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business. The Program is integrated into the Company's overall enterprise risk management system and processes, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas. Key elements of our Program, include but are not limited to the following:
•risk assessments designed to help identify material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical systems and information;
•a security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;
•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security processes;
•cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, including incident response personnel and senior management;
•a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and
•a third-party risk management process for key service providers based on our assessment of their criticality to our operations and respective risk profile.
Control procedures are assessed regularly to confirm their effectiveness. The Company undergoes an annual Service Organization Controls (“SOC”) Type 2 attestation report covering the performance of safeguards deployed to protect certain Company systems and applications.
The Company has a designated Chief Information Security Officer (the “CISO”), who is primarily responsible for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Program is implemented and managed by the Company’s executive management under the leadership of the CISO. The Company contracts with third-party service providers to support aspects of the Program implementation, operations, and review of information technology operations and cybersecurity technologies. Additionally, the Company has retained a number of well-established and reputable cybersecurity consultants, including forensics experts, auditors, as well as outside cybersecurity legal counsel to assist with cybersecurity matters as needed from time to time.
The Company has a Computer Incident Response Team (“CIRT”) which is responsible for monitoring, preventing, detecting, assisting with the investigation, and responding to cybersecurity threats. The Company has in place an Information Security Incident Response Plan (“IRP”) Protocol which provides an operational framework to coordinate the response to any type of cybersecurity incident affecting the Company. The CIRT team informs the CISO of cybersecurity threats consistent with the IRP. The IRP also provides the process and oversight to manage cybersecurity incidents that may arise from a third-party service provider. In addition, the IRP addresses management responsibility with respect to disclosure determinations related to a cybersecurity incident and provides for Audit Committee and Board briefings as appropriate.
The Company’s cybersecurity policies and procedures are reviewed by the CISO and updated at least annually. In addition, under the IRP, following the resolution of a cybersecurity incident, the Company will generally consider the effectiveness of the Program and the IRP, make adjustments as appropriate, and report to senior management and the Audit Committee as appropriate on these matters. The cybersecurity policies and procedures are communicated
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 36
and enforced throughout the Company, as well as with the third-party service providers that have access to the Company's information systems or nonpublic information. Cybersecurity policies and procedures are also subject to periodic review and audits by internal and external parties, such as the internal audit function, external auditors, regulators, or independent assessors. The Company requires employees to undergo cybersecurity-related training, including phishing prevention training, and employees are tested regularly through phishing exercises.
GOVERNANCE
The Program and cybersecurity risk is overseen by the Company’s Board of Directors and has delegated to its Audit Committee which, pursuant to its charter, assists the Board with oversight of Company privacy, data security, and cybersecurity matters and risks, including implementation of the Program. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Company’s executive management, including the CISO and the Chief Information Officer, and receives regular updates on the status and overall effectiveness of the Program, changes to the Program, relevant information technology operations, any changes in material cybersecurity risks and any significant cybersecurity incidents consistent with the IRP. The Audit Committee also discusses with executive management the steps management has taken to monitor and mitigate privacy, data security, and cybersecurity risk exposures, the Company’s information governance policies and programs, and major legislative and regulatory developments that could materially impact the Company’s exposure regarding privacy, data security risk, and cybersecurity. The Audit Committee reports to the full Board regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The full Board also receives briefings from the Company’s executive management on the Program. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our CISO or external experts as part of the Board’s continuing education on topics that impact public companies. Our CISO takes steps to stay informed about and monitor efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in our IT environment. The Audit Committee and the Board consider cybersecurity as part of the Company’s business strategy, financial planning, and capital allocation.
CYBERSECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT
Our CISO is primarily responsible for assessing and managing the Company’s material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Company conducts regular risk assessments to identify, evaluate, and prioritize material cybersecurity risks to the Company, including its health plans and state contracts, shared services and IT operations, or business strategy. The risk assessments are informed by various sources of information, such as internal and external audits, vulnerability scans, penetration tests, threat intelligence, incident reports, industry benchmarks, and accepted industry practices. The risk assessments consider the potential impact and likelihood of various cybersecurity threats, such as ransomware, malware, social engineering, third-party incidents, supply chain attacks and insider threats, and contemplates the adequacy of controls to detect, prevent, respond, and recover to reduce the possibility of an adverse material cybersecurity event. The Company has in place processes to identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with its use of third-party service providers and as such, conducts assessments of such third-party service providers with respect to their cybersecurity programs and risks and requires third-party service providers to notify the Company if they experienced a cybersecurity incident. The Company hires experienced security professionals to conduct advanced and realistic cybersecurity attack simulations to verify its Program, and conducts regular cybersecurity tabletop exercises with executive management, which are coordinated by a third-party.
We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For a discussion of the Company’s cybersecurity-related risks, see Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors—If we or one of our significant vendors sustain a cyber-attack or suffer data privacy or security breaches that disrupt our information systems or operations, or result in the dissemination of sensitive personal or confidential information, we could suffer increased costs, exposure to significant liability, reputational harm, loss of business, and other serious negative consequences.”
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Item 2. PROPERTIES
We own and lease certain real properties to support the business operations of our reportable segments. In 2022, we completed a plan to reduce the real estate footprint used in our business operations to accommodate our move to a permanent remote work environment, a model we have been working under successfully since 2020. Our remaining office space is being reconfigured and optimized for utilization and efficiency. While we believe our current and anticipated facilities are adequate to meet our operational needs in the near term, we continually evaluate the adequacy of our properties for our anticipated future needs.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For information regarding legal proceedings, see the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Legal Proceedings.”
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Purchases of common stock made by us, or on our behalf, during the fourth quarter of 2025, including shares withheld by us to satisfy our employees’ income tax obligations, are set forth below:
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1 - October 31 | 1,000 | $ | 192.79 | — | $ | 500,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 1 - November 30 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 500,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 1 - December 31 | 300 | $ | 145.00 | — | $ | 500,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,300 | $ | 180.57 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
_______________________
(1)During the fourth quarter of 2025, we withheld 1,300 shares of common stock to settle employee income tax obligations for releases of awards granted under the Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.
(2)In April 2025, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to $1 billion of our common stock. This new program extends through December 31, 2026 and supersedes the stock purchase program previously approved by our board of directors in October 2024. The exact timing and amount of any repurchase is determined by management based on market conditions and share price, in addition to other factors, and repurchases generally will be made in accordance with the volume, price, and timing parameters under Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For further information on our stock repurchase programs, refer to the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements, Note 13, “Stockholders' Equity.”
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph and related discussion are being furnished solely to accompany this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting materials” or to be “filed” with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (other than as provided in Item 201) nor shall this information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language contained therein, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a filing.
The following line graph compares the percentage change in the cumulative total return on our common stock against the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s Corporation Composite 500 Index (the “S&P 500”), and a peer group index for the five-year period from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2025. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2020, in our common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends. The stock performance shown on the graph below represents historical stock price performance and is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
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The peer group index consists of Aflac Incorporated (AFL), Becton, Dickinson and Company (BDX), Boston Scientific Corporation (BSX), Centene Corporation (CNC), The Cigna Group (CI), Community Health Systems, Inc. (CYH), DaVita Inc. (DVA), Elevance Health, Inc. (ELV), HCA Healthcare, Inc. (HCA), Humana, Inc. (HUM), Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LH), MetLife, Inc. (MET), Prudential Financial, Inc. (PRU), Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (DGX), Tenet Healthcare Corporation (THC) and Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS).
STOCK TRADING SYMBOL AND DIVIDENDS
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “MOH.” As of February 6, 2026, there were 14 registered holders of record of our common stock, including Cede & Co. To date we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our projected business operations. However, we intend to periodically evaluate our cash position to determine whether to pay a cash dividend in the future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and contractual and regulatory restrictions. For more information regarding restrictions on the ability of our regulated subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, please see the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions.”
UNREGISTERED SALES OF SECURITIES
None.
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Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (“MD&A”)
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, are presented in the sections that follow. Our MD&A as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, may be found in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which prior disclosure is incorporated by reference herein. The following discussion and analysis does not include certain items related to the year ended December 31, 2023, including year-to-year comparisons between the year ended December 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. For a comparison of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 11, 2025.
OVERVIEW
Molina Healthcare, Inc., a FORTUNE 500 company, provides managed healthcare services under the Medicaid and Medicare programs, and through the state insurance marketplaces (the “Marketplace”). We served approximately 5.5 million members as of December 31, 2025, located across 21 states.
2025 HIGHLIGHTS
Highlights of our full-year 2025 results included the following:
•Net income of $472 million, or $8.92 per diluted share, compared to $1,179 million, or $20.42 per diluted share in 2024;
•Membership of 5.5 million at December 31, 2025, down slightly compared to the prior year, despite the impact of our growth initiatives, due to the impact of Medicaid redeterminations;
•Total revenue of $45.4 billion, which increased 12% compared to 2024;
•Premium revenue of $43.1 billion, which increased 11% compared to 2024;
•Consolidated medical care ratio (“MCR”) of 91.7%, compared to 89.1% in 2024, reflecting a challenging medical cost trend environment in all our segments;
•General and administrative expense ratio (“G&A ratio”) of 6.6%, which decreased from 6.7% in 2024; and
•Pre-tax margin of 1.3%, compared to 3.9% in 2024.
Growth Initiatives
Despite margin challenges, we had another strong year executing on our growth strategy.
In 2025, we continued our successful track record of winning renewal and new Medicaid state procurements.
•In November 2025, the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (“AHCA”) announced its intent to award us the sole contract to provide Statewide Medicaid Managed Care and Children’s Health Insurance Program services. This contract is expected to cover approximately 120,000 enrollees and yield $6 billion in annual premium revenue and is expected to commence in the fourth quarter of 2026.
•The award in Florida complements our previously announced contract win in Wisconsin, where we renewed our Wisconsin MyChoice LTSS contract in Regions 2 and 7, and our previously announced Georgia and Texas Star-Chip wins. Collectively, the new RFP wins in 2025 represent over $9 billion of incremental annual Medicaid premium revenue.
On February 1, 2025, we closed our acquisition of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc. (“ConnectiCare”), and our acquisition pipeline contains a growing number of actionable opportunities.
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FINANCIAL RESULTS SUMMARY
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per-share amounts) | |||||||||||
| Premium revenue | $ | 43,052 | $ | 38,627 | |||||||
| Less: medical care costs | 39,488 | 34,428 | |||||||||
| Medical margin | 3,564 | 4,199 | |||||||||
MCR (1) | 91.7 | % | 89.1 | % | |||||||
| Other revenues: | |||||||||||
| Premium tax revenue | 1,863 | 1,486 | |||||||||
| Investment income | 420 | 452 | |||||||||
| Other revenue | 91 | 85 | |||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 3,009 | 2,743 | |||||||||
G&A ratio (2) | 6.6 | % | 6.7 | % | |||||||
| Premium tax expenses | 1,863 | 1,486 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 195 | 186 | |||||||||
| Other | 90 | 100 | |||||||||
| Operating income | 781 | 1,707 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 192 | 118 | |||||||||
| Income before income tax expense | 589 | 1,589 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 117 | 410 | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | 472 | $ | 1,179 | |||||||
| Net income per diluted share | $ | 8.92 | $ | 20.42 | |||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 52.9 | 57.7 | |||||||||
| Other Key Statistics: | |||||||||||
| Ending Membership | 5.5 | 5.5 | |||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 19.8 | % | 25.8 | % | |||||||
Pre-tax margin (3) | 1.3 | % | 3.9 | % | |||||||
__________________
(1)MCR represents medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue.
(2)G&A ratio represents general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue.
(3)Pre-tax margin represents income before income tax expense as a percentage of total revenue.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
NET INCOME AND OPERATING INCOME
Net income amounted to $472 million, or $8.92 per diluted share in 2025, compared with net income of $1,179 million, or $20.42 per diluted share in 2024.
The decline in net income in 2025 reflects a decline in operating income, which totaled $781 million in 2025, compared with $1,707 million in 2024. The decrease in operating income was mainly attributable to an increase in the MCR across all our segments, higher interest expense and lower investment income, partially offset by the benefit of higher premium revenues, and G&A expense efficiencies.
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PREMIUM REVENUE
Premium revenue increased $4.4 billion, or 11%, in 2025, when compared with 2024. The higher premium revenue mainly reflects the ConnectiCare acquisition that closed in the first quarter of 2025, Medicaid rate increases, an increase in Marketplace membership resulting from our product and pricing strategy, and growth in our current footprint, partially offset by the impact of lower membership in Medicaid.
MEDICAL CARE RATIO
The consolidated MCR increased to 91.7% in 2025, compared with 89.1% in 2024, or 260 basis points. The increase reflects a higher MCR in all of our segments, driven mainly by a challenging medical cost trend environment due to increased utilization that was higher than we expected and acuity shifts in our membership. The consolidated MCR for 2025 is above our long-term target range. See further discussion in “Reportable Segments—Segment Financial Performance,” below.
The impact of prior year reserve development in 2025 was partially absorbed by minimum MLRs and medical cost corridors and was ultimately not material to our consolidated MCR.
PREMIUM TAX REVENUE AND EXPENSES
The premium tax ratio (premium tax as a percentage of premium revenue plus premium tax revenue) increased to 4.1% in 2025, compared with 3.7% in 2024, due mainly to state mix changes in our Medicaid segment.
INVESTMENT INCOME
Investment income decreased to $420 million in 2025, compared with $452 million in 2024. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decline in prevailing interest rates and investment yields.
OTHER REVENUE
Other revenue amounted to $91 million in 2025, compared with $85 million in 2024. Other revenue mainly includes service revenue associated with long-term services and supports consultative services we provide in Wisconsin.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE (“G&A”) EXPENSES
The G&A ratio was 6.6% in 2025, compared to 6.7% in 2024. The decrease in G&A ratio reflects operating discipline, the continued benefit of operating leverage as we grow our business, and reduced incentive compensation tied to lower actual and expected performance.
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
Depreciation and amortization totaled $195 million in 2025, compared with $186 million in 2024. The increase is due to the impact of the ConnectiCare acquisition that closed in the first quarter of 2025.
OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES
Other operating expenses totaled $90 million in 2025, compared with $100 million in 2024. Other operating expenses mainly include service costs associated with long-term services and supports consultative services we provide in Wisconsin, as noted above. The year-over-year change reflects the impact of certain non-recurring costs associated with acquisitions, and costs for litigation incurred in 2024.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense was $192 million in 2025, compared with $118 million in 2024. The increase is due to term loan debt and credit facility borrowings related to a prior credit agreement that occurred in the first and third quarter of 2025, and were outstanding until they were repaid in November 2025, the issuance of $750 million of notes in November 2024, and the issuance of $850 million of notes in November 2025.
INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense amounted to $117 million in 2025, or 19.8% of pretax income, compared with income tax expense of $410 million in 2024, or 25.8% of pretax income. The difference in the effective tax rate is due to an increase in tax benefits related to transferable federal tax credits, decreases in nondeductible expenses and state and local income taxes, and differences in discrete tax items recognized in the respective periods.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 42
REPORTABLE SEGMENTS
As of December 31, 2025, we served approximately 5.5 million members eligible for Medicaid, Medicare, and other government-sponsored healthcare programs for low-income families and individuals, including Marketplace members, most of whom receive government premium subsidies.
We currently have four reportable segments consisting of: 1) Medicaid; 2) Medicare; 3) Marketplace; and 4) Other.
The Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments represent the government-funded or sponsored programs under which we offer managed healthcare services. The Other segment, which is insignificant to our consolidated results of operations, includes long-term services and supports consultative services in Wisconsin and the commercial portion of the business acquired in connection with the ConnectiCare transaction that closed effective February 1, 2025.
See "Item 1. Business,” for further description of our segments.
HOW WE ASSESS PERFORMANCE
We derive our revenues primarily from health insurance premiums. Our primary customers are state Medicaid agencies and the federal government.
The key metrics used to assess the performance of our segments are revenue, margin and medical care ratio (“MCR”). MCR represents the amount of medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue. Therefore, the underlying margin, or the amount earned by the segments after medical costs or service costs are deducted from revenue, represents the most important measure of earnings reviewed by management, and is used by our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, to review results, assess performance, and allocate resources. Such oversight and decision making includes, among others, pricing, approving capital expenditures, and identifying growth opportunities. We do not report total assets by segment since this is not a metric used to assess segment performance or allocate resources.
Management’s discussion and analysis of the change in medical margin is discussed below under “Segment Financial Performance.” For more information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 16, “Segments.”
TRENDS AND UNCERTAINTIES
For a discussion of the trends, uncertainties and other developments that affected our reportable segments, refer to “Item 1. Business—Our Business,” “—Trends and Uncertainties,” “—Operations—Medical Management,” and “—Regulation.”
SEGMENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
The following table summarizes our membership by segment as of the dates indicated:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Medicaid | 4,568,000 | 4,890,000 | |||||||||
| Medicare | 262,000 | 242,000 | |||||||||
| Marketplace | 655,000 | 403,000 | |||||||||
| Other | 6,000 | — | |||||||||
| Total | 5,491,000 | 5,535,000 | |||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 43
The tables below summarize premium revenue, medical margin, and MCR by segment for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premium Revenue | Medical Margin | MCR | Premium Revenue | Medical Margin | MCR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | $ | 32,240 | $ | 2,652 | 91.8 | % | $ | 30,579 | $ | 2,979 | 90.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicare | 6,235 | 475 | 92.4 | 5,542 | 603 | 89.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketplace | 4,487 | 423 | 90.6 | 2,506 | 617 | 75.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 90 | 14 | 83.6 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 43,052 | $ | 3,564 | 91.7 | % | $ | 38,627 | $ | 4,199 | 89.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Medicaid
Key factors affecting results for this segment include:
•General market contraction in Medicaid enrollment due to eligibility redeterminations;
•The remaining higher-acuity risk population mix, and higher utilization, has contributed to elevated cost trends that began in the second half of 2024 and continued to rise in 2025, and have significantly outpaced rates in 2025; and
•Results will continue to be challenged, as state rate updates continue to lag increased cost trends and risk corridor protection is now limited.
Medicaid premium revenue increased $1.7 billion, or 5%, in 2025, when compared with 2024. The higher premium revenue was mainly due to changes in member mix, premium rate increases, and revenue from contract wins that commenced in late 2024 and in 2025, partially offset by the impact of lower membership due to general market contraction stemming from redeterminations that extended into 2025, expiration of the Virginia contract, and unfavorable retroactive premium items in our California market. Also contributing to the net increase in premium revenue is a lower impact of minimum MLRs and medical cost corridor offsets, when compared to the prior year.
The Medicaid medical margin decreased $327 million in 2025, when compared with 2024. The change was driven by an increase in the MCR, as discussed below, partially offset by the impact of increased premium revenues discussed above.
The Medicaid MCR increased 150 basis points to 91.8% in 2025, compared to 90.3% in 2024. The increase was driven by higher medical trend from an increase in utilization among our continuing population that was higher than we expected, and changes in member acuity and product mix. The increased utilization includes behavioral health services, high-cost drugs, long-term services and supports (“LTSS”) and broader utilization pressure in inpatient and outpatient settings. The increase in MCR also reflects unfavorable retroactive premium items in our California market that were recognized in the fourth quarter of 2025. The increases to the MCR were partially offset by premium rate increases, but the rate increases have lagged the increase in medical cost trend, resulting in a rate and trend imbalance that we believe to be temporary. The Medicaid MCR for 2025 is higher than we expected and is above our long-term target range.
Medicare
Key factors affecting results for this segment include:
•Pricing and benefit design changes implemented in 2025;
•Our exit from MAPD in thirteen states, placing more focus on the higher acuity dual-eligible population;
•Membership growth associated with the ConnectiCare acquisition; and
•Higher than expected utilization in the higher acuity populations.
Medicare premium revenue increased $693 million, or 13%, in 2025 compared to 2024. The increase primarily reflects membership growth associated with the ConnectiCare acquisition, partially offset by the impact of our exit from MAPD in thirteen states in 2025.
The Medicare medical margin decreased $128 million in 2025, when compared with 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the increase in MCR discussed below, partially offset by the year-over-year increase in premium revenues discussed above.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 44
The Medicare MCR increased to 92.4% in 2025, from 89.1% in 2024, or 330 basis points. The increase resulted mainly from higher-than-expected utilization among our high-acuity duals populations, particularly for LTSS benefits and high-cost pharmacy drugs, and margin compression in our MAPD business. These increases were partially offset by pricing and benefit adjustments implemented for 2025 and the impact of exiting from MAPD in thirteen states. The Medicare MCR for 2025 is higher than we expected and is above our long-term target range.
Marketplace
Key factors affecting results for this segment include:
•Execution of our product and pricing strategy, to achieve growth and repositioning in the metallic tier membership mix;
•Higher medical trend and utilization across the national Marketplace population relative to the risk adjustment revenue that we needed;
•Higher membership and MCRs related to the ConnectiCare acquisition; and
•The impact of membership losses due to prior year member reconciliations and various CMS program integrity initiatives.
Marketplace premium revenue increased $2.0 billion in 2025 compared to 2024. The increase was due to an expected increase in membership in line with our product and pricing strategy to achieve growth, membership growth associated with the ConnectiCare acquisition, and the impact of membership gained from Medicaid redeterminations. Our Marketplace membership as of December 31, 2025, amounted to 655,000 members, representing an increase of 252,000 members compared to December 31, 2024.
The Marketplace medical margin decreased $194 million in 2025, primarily due to the impact of MCR changes discussed below, partially offset by the growth in premiums and margin associated with the higher membership.
The Marketplace MCR was 90.6% in 2025 and 75.4% in 2024. The increase in MCR was higher than expected, reflecting higher utilization relative to the risk adjustment amount that we priced for among our continuing population, and the impact of high-acuity Special Enrollment Period members. The increase in MCR also reflects the impact from higher initial MCRs related to the ConnectiCare acquisition and the unfavorable impact of prior year member reconciliations and various CMS program integrity initiatives. Certain of the program integrity initiatives caused a disconnect between premium and medical costs because members were disenrolled, but we were still required to cover the medical cost.
Other
The Other segment includes service revenues and costs associated with the long-term services and supports consultative services we provide in Wisconsin, the commercial portion of the business acquired in connection with the ConnectiCare transaction that closed effective February 1, 2025, and certain corporate amounts not allocated to the Medicaid, Medicare, or Marketplace segments. Such amounts were immaterial to our consolidated results of operations for 2025 and 2024.
LIQUIDITY, FINANCIAL CONDITION AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
LIQUIDITY
We manage our cash, investments, and capital structure to meet the short- and long-term obligations of our business while maintaining liquidity and financial flexibility. We forecast, analyze, and monitor our cash flows to enable prudent investment management and financing within the confines of our financial strategy.
We maintain liquidity at two levels: 1) the regulated health plan subsidiaries; and 2) the parent company.
Our regulated health plan subsidiaries’ primary liquidity requirements include payment of medical claims and other health care services; payment of certain settlements with our state and federal customers, such as minimum medical loss ratio and risk corridors and Marketplace risk transfers on behalf of CMS; general and administrative costs directly incurred or paid through an administrative services agreement to the parent company; and federal tax payments to the parent company under an intercompany tax sharing agreement. Our regulated health plan subsidiaries meet their liquidity needs by generating cash flows from operating activities, primarily from premium revenue; cash flows from investing activities, including investment income and sales of investments; and capital contributions received from our parent company.
Our regulated health plan subsidiaries are each subject to applicable state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of capital and surplus. We continue to maintain levels of aggregate excess statutory capital and surplus in our regulated health plan subsidiaries that we believe are appropriate. See
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 45
further discussion under “Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions” below. When available and as permitted by applicable regulations, cash in excess of the capital needs of our regulated health plan subsidiaries is generally paid in the form of dividends to our parent company to be used for general corporate purposes. The regulated health plan subsidiaries paid dividends to the parent company amounting to $985 million in 2025 and $997 million in 2024.
Parent company liquidity requirements generally consist of payment of administrative costs not directly incurred by our regulated operations, including, but not limited to, staffing costs, lease payments, branding and certain information technology services; capital contributions paid to our regulated health plan subsidiaries, including funding for newer health plans; capital expenditures; debt service; funding for common stock purchases, acquisitions and other growth-related activities; and federal tax payments. The parent company contributed capital of $439 million and $490 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, to our regulated health plan subsidiaries to satisfy statutory capital and surplus requirements. The contributions in 2025 were mainly attributed to fund our Connecticut, California, and Mississippi health plans. Our parent company normally meets its liquidity requirements from administrative services fees earned under administrative services agreements; dividends received from our regulated subsidiaries; federal tax payments collected from the regulated subsidiaries; proceeds received from the issuance of debt and equity securities; and cash flows from investing activities, including investment income and sales of investments.
Cash, cash equivalents and investments at the parent company amounted to $223 million and $445 million as of December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The decrease in 2025 was primarily due to the purchase of approximately 1.7 million shares of our stock for $500 million in the first quarter of 2025, the purchase of approximately 2.8 million shares of our stock for $500 million in the third quarter of 2025, capital contributions to regulated health plan subsidiaries, and funding the ConnectiCare transaction for $350 million, partially offset by dividends received from regulated health plan subsidiaries, the $98 million net proceeds from the issuance of notes in November 2025 and repaying outstanding term loans, and the timing of corporate payments.
Investments
After considering expected cash flows from operating activities, we generally invest cash of regulated subsidiaries that exceeds our expected short-term obligations in longer term, investment-grade, and marketable debt securities to improve our overall investment return. These investments are made pursuant to board-approved investment policies which conform to applicable state laws and regulations.
Our investment policies are designed to provide liquidity, preserve capital, and maximize total return on invested assets, all in a manner consistent with state requirements that prescribe the types of instruments in which our subsidiaries may invest. These investment policies require that our investments have final maturities of less than 15 years, or less than 15 years average life for structured securities. Professional portfolio managers operating under documented guidelines manage our investments and a portion of our cash equivalents. Our portfolio managers must obtain our prior approval before selling investments where the loss position of those investments exceeds certain levels.
The overall rating of our portfolio is AA-. Our investment policy has directives in conjunction with state guidelines to minimize risks and exposures in volatile markets. Additionally, our portfolio managers assist us in navigating the current volatility in the capital markets.
Our restricted investments are invested principally in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury securities, and corporate debt securities, and we have the ability to hold such restricted investments until maturity. All of our unrestricted investments are classified as current assets.
Cash Flow Activities
Our cash flows are summarized as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | $ | (535) | $ | 644 | $ | (1,179) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 312 | (464) | 776 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (170) | (347) | 177 | ||||||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | (393) | $ | (167) | $ | (226) | |||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 46
Operating Activities
We typically receive capitation payments monthly, in advance of payments for medical claims; however, government payors may adjust their payment schedules, positively or negatively impacting our reported cash flows from operating activities in any given period. For example, government payors may delay our premium payments, or they may prepay the following month’s premium payment.
Net cash used in operations was $535 million in 2025, compared with $644 million of cash provided in 2024. The $1,179 million decrease in cash flow in 2025 was mainly due to a decline in operating income, timing differences in settlement of government agency receivables and payables, including settlements for Medicaid minimum MLR and medical cost corridors and Marketplace risk adjustment payables, and the timing of tax payments.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $312 million in 2025, compared with $464 million of cash used in 2024. The increased cash flow in 2025 results from changes in the net impact of proceeds and purchases of investments, which amounted to net proceeds of $657 million in 2025 compared to net purchases of $21 million in 2024. Net cash used in business combinations amounted to $245 million in 2025, related to the ConnectiCare acquisition, compared to $295 million in net cash used in 2024 related to the Bright acquisition, and $49 million in cash used in 2024 for additional purchase consideration related to the MyChoice Wisconsin acquisition.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $170 million in 2025, compared with $347 million in 2024, an increase in year-over-year cash flow of $177 million. In 2025, financing activity included common stock purchases of $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion in repayment under the Credit Facility and Term Loans, partially offset by $1.1 billion in combined borrowings under the Credit Facility and Term Loans and $838 million of net proceeds from the issuance of the 6.500% Notes due 2031. In 2024, financing activity included common stock purchases of $1.0 billion and $300 million in repayment under the Credit Facility, partially offset by $740 million of net proceeds from the issuance of the 6.250% Notes due 2033 and $300 million in borrowings under the Credit Facility. In addition, in 2025 and 2024, cash outflows included $37 million and $57 million, respectively, for common stock withheld to settle employee tax obligations.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
We believe that our cash resources, borrowing capacity available under our New Credit Agreement as discussed further below in “Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity—Future Sources,” and internally generated funds will be sufficient to support our operations, regulatory requirements, debt repayment obligations and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.
Our working capital on a consolidated basis was $5.1 billion at December 31, 2025, compared with $4.9 billion at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025, our cash and investments amounted to $8.6 billion, compared with $9.3 billion of cash and investments at December 31, 2024. A significant portion of our portfolio is held in cash and cash equivalents and we do not anticipate the fluctuations in the aggregate fair value of our financial assets to have a material impact on our liquidity or capital position since we intend to hold our securities to maturity. Net unrealized gains on our investments classified as current and available for sale increased to $20 million at December 31, 2025 compared to net unrealized losses of $75 million at December 31, 2024. We have determined that the unrealized losses primarily resulted from fluctuating interest rates, rather than a deterioration of the creditworthiness of the issuers.
Because of the statutory restrictions that inhibit the ability of our health plan subsidiaries to transfer net assets to us, the amount of retained earnings readily available to pay dividends to our stockholders is generally limited to cash, cash equivalents and investments held by our unregulated parent. For more information, see the “Liquidity” discussion presented above, and “Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions” discussion presented below.
Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions
Each of our regulated, wholly owned subsidiaries must maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulations. Such statutes, regulations and capital requirements also restrict the timing, payment and amount of dividends and other distributions, loans or advances that may be paid to us as the sole stockholder. To the extent our subsidiaries must comply with these regulations, they may not have the financial flexibility to transfer funds to us. Based upon current statutes and regulations, the minimum capital and surplus requirement for these subsidiaries was estimated to be approximately $3.1 billion at December 31, 2025 and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2024. The aggregate capital and surplus of our wholly owned subsidiaries was in excess of these minimum capital requirements as of both dates.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 47
Under applicable regulatory requirements, the amount of dividends that may be paid by our wholly owned subsidiaries without prior approval by regulatory authorities as of December 31, 2025, was approximately $170 million in the aggregate. The subsidiaries may pay dividends over this amount, but only after approval is granted by the regulatory authorities. We expect a decline in such dividends for 2026 due to the decline in net income for 2025.
Based on our cash and investments balances as of December 31, 2025, management believes that our regulated, wholly owned subsidiaries remain well capitalized and exceed their regulatory minimum requirements. We have the ability, and have committed, to provide additional capital to each of our health plans as necessary to ensure compliance with minimum statutory capital requirements.
Capital Structure
In April 2025, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to $1 billion of our common stock. This new program supersedes the stock purchase program previously approved by our board of directors in October 2024 and extends through December 31, 2026.
As debt held by the parent company comes due, we typically engage in a new private offering of debt to retire and replace the prior issuance. On November 20, 2025 (the “Settlement Date”), we completed a private offering of $850 million aggregate principal amount of our 6.500% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “6.500% Notes”) pursuant to an indenture, dated as of the Settlement Date with U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee. The 6.500% Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.500% per year. Interest on the 6.500% Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2026. Interest accrues from the Settlement Date. The 6.500% Notes will mature on February 15, 2031.
For several years we saw a continued decline in interest rates, which benefited our overall cost of capital during that time. However, interest rates have increased since we issued our 3.875% Notes due 2032 in 2021, as we experienced with our most recent issuances of our Senior Notes in 2024 and 2025. Accordingly, future refinancing may occur at rates comparable to our most recent issuances, which would increase our cost of capital in the future or may cause us to pursue alternative financing sources, should the need arise.
We are not a party to any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
Debt Ratings
Each of our senior notes is rated “BB” by Standard & Poor’s, and “Ba2” by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. A downgrade in our ratings could adversely affect our borrowing capacity and increase our borrowing costs.
Financial Covenants
Our New Credit Agreement contains customary non-financial and financial covenants, including a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and a maximum Consolidated Total Debt to Capital Ratio. Such ratios are computed as defined by the terms of the New Credit Agreement discussed below.
In addition, the indentures governing each of our outstanding senior notes contain cross-default provisions that are triggered upon default by us or any of our subsidiaries on any indebtedness in excess of the amount specified in the applicable indenture. As of December 31, 2025, no amounts were outstanding under the New Credit Agreement, so there is no risk of a cross-default under the senior notes. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under the New Credit Agreement and other long-term debt. Subsequently, we executed an amendment to the New Credit Agreement on February 4, 2026 (the “First Amendment”) that temporarily reduces the minimum Interest Coverage Ratio threshold to (a) with respect to each fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2026 through and including December 31, 2026, 1.75:1.00, (b) with respect to fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027, 2.00:1.00, (c) with respect to fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2027, 2.50:1.00 and (d) with respect to fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2027, 2.75:1.00.
FUTURE SOURCES AND USES OF LIQUIDITY
Future Sources
Our regulated subsidiaries generate significant cash flows from premium revenue, which is generally received a short time before related healthcare services are paid. Premium revenue is our primary source of liquidity. Thus, any decline in the receipt of premium revenue, and our profitability, could have a negative impact on our liquidity.
Dividends from Subsidiaries. When available and as permitted by applicable regulations, cash in excess of the capital needs of our regulated health plans is generally paid in the form of dividends to our unregulated parent company to be used for general corporate purposes. For more information on our regulatory capital requirements and dividend restrictions, refer to “Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions” discussion presented above, Notes
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 48
to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions,” and Note 17, “Condensed Financial Information of Registrant—Note C - Dividends and Capital Contributions.”
Credit Agreement Borrowing Capacity. We are party to a credit agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”), which provides for a revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) of $1.25 billion, with a lending commitment termination date of November 20, 2030. The New Credit Agreement also provides for a $15 million swingline sub-facility and a $100 million letter of credit sub-facility, as well as incremental term loans available to finance certain acquisitions up to $800 million. As of December 31, 2025, we had available borrowing capacity of $1.25 billion under the New Credit Agreement. See further discussion in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11, “Debt.”
Future Uses
Common Stock Purchases. In April 2025, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $1 billion of our common stock. This new program extends through December 31, 2026. The exact timing and amount of any share repurchases shall be determined by management, in consultation with the Finance Committee of the Board, based on market conditions and share price, in addition to other factors, and repurchases generally will be made in accordance with the volume, price, and timing parameters under Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. As of February 10, 2026, $500 million remained available to purchase our common stock under this program through December 31, 2026. See further information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13, “Stockholders' Equity.”
Acquisitions. We have a disciplined and steady approach to growth. Organic growth, which includes leveraging our existing health plan portfolio and winning new territories, is our highest priority. In addition to organic growth, we will consider targeted acquisitions that are a strategic fit that we believe will leverage operational synergies, and lead to incremental earnings accretion. For further information on our acquisitions, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 4, “Business Combinations.”
Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions. We have the ability, and have committed to provide, additional capital to each of our health plans as necessary to ensure compliance with minimum statutory capital requirements, including new state contract wins and growth in existing states.
The Molina Healthcare Charitable Foundation. In 2020, we announced our formation of The Molina Healthcare Charitable Foundation (the “Foundation”), an independent not-for-profit charitable foundation. We have contributed $27 million to the Foundation on a cumulative basis as of December 31, 2025. Since 2021, the Molina Healthcare Charitable Foundation has funded over 900 grants to local community organizations in 29 states that address social determinants of health, disaster relief, behavioral health, maternal child health, and other health-related concerns that are afflicting our communities in need.
Contractual Obligations. We are party to various contractual obligations that we will be required to satisfy over the short and long term. The majority are discussed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and primarily include the following:
•Medical claims and benefits payable. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 10, “Medical Claims and Benefits Payable,” for further detail.
•Amounts due government agencies. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” for further detail.
•Debt obligations. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11, “Debt,” for further detail of our long-term debt and the timing of expected future payments. Interest payments are paid semi-annually.
•Leases. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 8, “Leases,” for further detail of our finance and operating lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.
Some items are based on management’s estimates and assumptions about obligations, including duration, the possibility of renewal, anticipated actions by third parties, and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are necessarily subjective, the contractual obligations we will actually pay in future periods may vary. Additionally, we have a variety of other contractual agreements related to acquiring services used in our operations. However, we believe these other agreements do not contain material non-cancelable commitments.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
When we prepare our consolidated financial statements, we use estimates and assumptions that may affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and some differences could be material. Our most significant accounting estimates, which include a higher degree of judgment and/or complexity, include the following:
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 49
•Medical costs, claims and benefits payable. See discussion below, and refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 10, “Medical Claims and Benefits Payable” for more information.
•Premium Revenue Recognition and Amounts Due Government Agencies: Risk Adjustment. For a discussion of this topic, including amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies.”
•Business Combinations, and Goodwill and intangible assets, net. For a comprehensive discussion of this topic, including amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” Note 4, “Business Combinations,” and Note 9, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net.”
MEDICAL CARE COSTS, MEDICAL CLAIMS AND BENEFITS PAYABLE
Medical care costs are recognized in the period in which services are provided and include fee-for-service claims, pharmacy benefits, capitation payments to providers, and various other medically-related costs. Under fee-for-service claims arrangements with providers, we retain the financial responsibility for medical care provided and incur costs based on actual utilization of hospital and physician services. Such medical care costs include both amounts paid by us and estimated medical claims and benefits payable for costs that were incurred but not yet paid as of the reporting date (“IBNP”). Pharmacy benefits represent payments for members' prescription drug costs, net of rebates from drug manufacturers, with rebates estimated using historical and current prescription drug utilization and contractual provisions. Capitation payments represent monthly contractual fees paid to providers responsible for providing medical care to members, which could include medical or ancillary costs like dental, vision and other supplemental health benefits. Capitation costs are fixed prior to the coverage period and are not subject to significant accounting estimates. Other medical care costs include all medically-related administrative costs, amounts owed to providers under risk-sharing or incentive arrangements, provider claims, recoveries from claim overpayments, and other healthcare expenses. Medically-related administrative costs include expenses relating to health education, quality assurance, case management, care coordination, disease management, and 24-hour on-call nurse services. Additionally, our medical claims and benefit liability includes an estimate for the cost of settling claims incurred but not yet paid through the reporting date.
The following table illustrates consolidated medical care costs by type for the periods indicated:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-for-service | $ | 29,170 | 73.9 | % | $ | 25,386 | 73.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Pharmacy | 5,341 | 13.5 | 4,331 | 12.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capitation | 3,141 | 8.0 | 3,048 | 8.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 1,836 | 4.6 | 1,663 | 4.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 39,488 | 100.0 | % | $ | 34,428 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Medical claims and benefits payable consist mainly of fee-for-service IBNP, unpaid pharmacy claims, capitation costs, other medical costs, including amounts payable to providers based on risk-sharing or incentive arrangements, and amounts payable to providers on behalf of certain state agencies for certain state assessments where we do not assume financial risk. IBNP includes both the costs of claims incurred but not yet paid as of the balance sheet date which has been reported to us, and our best estimate of the cost of claims incurred but not yet reported to us. When more complete claims payment information and healthcare cost trend data becomes available, we reflect changes in these estimates as an increase or decrease to medical care costs in the consolidated results of operations in the period in which they are determined.
The estimation of the IBNP liability requires considerable judgment in applying actuarial methods, determining the appropriate assumptions, and considering numerous factors. Of those factors, we consider estimated completion factors (measures the cumulative percentage of claims expense that will ultimately be paid for a given month of service based on historical payment patterns) and the assumed healthcare cost trend (percent change in per-member per-month incurred medical care costs) to be the most critical assumptions. Other relevant factors also include, but are not limited to, utilization and unit cost trends, claim inventory levels, changes in membership,
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 50
product mix, seasonality, benefit changes, changes in fee schedules, provider contract changes, prior authorizations, prevalence of high-cost catastrophic cases, and the incidence of influenza-like illnesses.
For claims incurred more than three months before the financial statement date, we mainly use estimated completion factors to estimate the ultimate cost of those claims. We analyze historical claims payment patterns by analyzing claims by incurred date and payment date to estimate completion factors. The estimated completion factors are applied to claims paid through the financial statement date to estimate the ultimate claims cost for a given month’s incurred claim activity. The difference between the estimated ultimate claims cost and the claims paid through the financial statement date represents our estimate of claims remaining to be paid as of the financial statement date and is included in our IBNP liability.
For claims incurred within three months prior to the financial statement date, actual claims paid are a less reliable measure of our ultimate cost since a large portion of medical claims are not submitted to us until several months after services have been provided. Accordingly, we estimate our IBNP liability for claims incurred during these months based on a blend of estimated completion factors and projection-based estimates involving assumed medical care cost trend. The assumed medical care cost trend can be affected by many factors including, but not limited to, our ability and practices to manage medical and pharmaceutical costs, changes in level and mix of services utilized, mix of benefits offered, including the impact of co-pays and deductibles, changes in medical practices, changes in member demographics, catastrophes and epidemics, and other relevant factors.
Actuarial standards of practice require a provision for adverse deviation in the IBNP liability estimates such that our IBNP liability has a greater probability of being adequate versus being insufficient. The provision for adverse deviation is reported as part of “Components of medical care costs related to: Current year” in the table presented in Note 10, “Medical Claims and Benefits Payable.” Adverse conditions are situations that may cause actual claims to be higher than the otherwise estimated value of such claims at the time of the estimate, such as changes in the magnitude or severity of claims, uncertainties related to our entry into new geographical markets or provision of services to new populations, changes in state-controlled fee schedules, and modifications or upgrades to our claims processing systems and practices. Absent significant adverse conditions, the claim amounts ultimately settled will be less than the estimate that satisfies the actuarial standards of practice.
When subsequent actual claims payments are more or less than we estimated, we recognize the variance as prior period development reported as part of “Components of medical care costs related to: Prior years” in the table presented in Note 10. Typically, the provision for adverse deviation from previous IBNP estimates is recognized as favorable prior period development but is replenished at similar levels in the current IBNP estimates. However, if membership changes significantly, the replenishment may be higher or lower than previous estimates, assuming all other factors remain constant.
Because of the significant degree of judgment involved in estimation of our IBNP liability, there is considerable variability and uncertainty inherent in such estimates. The following table reflects the hypothetical change in our estimate of claims liability as of December 31, 2025 that would result if we change our completion factors for the fourth through the twelfth months preceding December 31, 2025, by the percentages indicated. A reduction in the completion factor results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Dollar amounts are in millions.
| Increase (Decrease) in Estimated Completion Factors | Increase (Decrease) in Medical Claims and Benefits Payable | ||||
| (6)% | $ | 1,246 | |||
| (4)% | 831 | ||||
| (2)% | 415 | ||||
| 2% | (415) | ||||
| 4% | (831) | ||||
| 6% | (1,246) | ||||
The following table reflects the hypothetical change in our estimate of claims liability as of December 31, 2025 that would result if we altered our assumed medical care cost trend factors by the percentages indicated. An increase in the PMPM costs results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 51
| (Decrease) Increase in Trended Per Member Per Month Cost Estimates | (Decrease) Increase in Medical Claims and Benefits Payable | ||||
| (6)% | $ | (420) | |||
| (4)% | (280) | ||||
| (2)% | (140) | ||||
| 2% | 140 | ||||
| 4% | 280 | ||||
| 6% | 420 | ||||
Numerous interconnected factors influence the accuracy of our estimates, with some being qualitative rather than quantitative. Therefore, we are seldom able to measure the precise impact of any single factor’s contribution to a change in estimate. Given the variability inherent in the reserving process, we will only be able to identify specific factors if they represent a significant departure from expectations. Thus, we do not anticipate being able to completely quantify how individual factors affect changes in estimates.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements that affect us.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our earnings and financial position are exposed to financial market risk relating to changes in interest rates, and the resulting impact on investment income and interest expense.
Substantially all of our investments and restricted investments are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates increase. Assuming a hypothetical and immediate 1% increase in market interest rates at December 31, 2025, the fair value of our fixed income investments would decrease by approximately $113 million. Declines in interest rates over time will reduce our investment income.
For further information on fair value measurements and our investment portfolio, please refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 5, “Fair Value Measurements,” and Note 6, “Investments.”
Borrowings under the New Credit Agreement bear interest based, at our election, on a base rate or other defined rate, plus, in each case, the applicable margin. Our notes bear interest at specified rates, each payable semiannually in arrears. For further information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11, “Debt.”
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 52
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
| Page | |||||
| Audited Consolidated Financial Statements: | |||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 53
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Molina Healthcare, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Molina Healthcare, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 10, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Incurred but not paid (IBNP) claims reserves | ||||||||
| Description of the Matter | As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s liability for fee-for-service claims incurred but not paid (IBNP) comprised $3,211 million of the $4,887 million of Medical Claims and Benefits Payable. As described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s IBNP liability is determined using actuarial methods that include a number of factors and assumptions, including completion factors, which seek to measure the cumulative percentage of claims expense that will be paid for a given month of service as of the reporting date, based on historical payment patterns, and assumed health care cost trend factors, which represent an estimate of claims expense based on recent claims expense levels and healthcare cost levels. There is significant uncertainty inherent in determining management’s best estimate of completion and trend factors, which are used to calculate actuarial estimates of incurred but not paid claims. | |||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 54
| Auditing management's estimate of the IBNP liability was complex and required the involvement of our actuarial specialists due to the highly judgmental nature of the completion factors and healthcare cost trend assumptions used in the valuation process. The significant judgment was primarily due to the sensitivity of management's best estimate of completion factors and healthcare cost trend assumptions, which have a significant impact on the valuation of the IBNP liability. | ||||||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over the process for estimating the IBNP liability. This included testing management review controls over completion factors and healthcare cost trend assumptions, and management’s review and approval of actuarial methods used to calculate the IBNP liability, including the data inputs and outputs of those models. | |||||||
| To test the IBNP liability, our audit procedures included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of data used in the calculation by testing reconciliations of underlying claims and membership data recorded in source systems to the actuarial reserving calculations, and comparing a sample of claims to source documentation. With the assistance of actuarial specialists, we (1) analyzed the Company’s completion and trend factor assumptions based on historical claim experience and healthcare cost trends by independently calculating a range of reasonable reserve estimates for comparison to management’s best estimate of the liability for incurred but not paid claims and (2) performed a review of the prior period IBNP liabilities for incurred but not paid claims using subsequent claims development. Additionally, we reviewed and evaluated management’s disclosures surrounding the IBNP liability. | ||||||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.
February 10, 2026
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 55
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per-share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
| Premium revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Premium tax revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | |||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Premium tax expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Income before income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Net income per share: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized investment income | |||||||||||||||||
Less: effect of income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 56
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Investments | |||||||||||
| Receivables | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Restricted investments | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Amounts due government agencies | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 57
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Retained Earnings | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock purchases | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock purchase excise tax | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock purchases | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock purchase excise tax | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 58
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effect of acquisitions: | |||||||||||||||||
| Receivables | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Amounts due government agencies | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash paid in business combinations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings under credit facility and term loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of credit facility and term loans | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
Common stock purchases | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from senior notes offerings, net of issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Common stock withheld to settle employee tax obligations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for interest | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 59
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Organization and Operations
Molina Healthcare, Inc. provides managed healthcare services under the Medicaid and Medicare programs, and through the state insurance marketplaces (the “Marketplace”). We currently have four reportable segments consisting of: 1) Medicaid; 2) Medicare; 3) Marketplace; and 4) Other. Our reportable segments are consistent with how we currently manage the business and view the markets we serve.
As of December 31, 2025, we served approximately 5.5 million members eligible for government-sponsored healthcare programs, located across 21 states.
Our state Medicaid contracts typically have terms of three years to five years , contain renewal options exercisable by the state Medicaid agency, and allow either the state or the health plan to terminate the contract with or without cause. Such contracts are subject to risk of loss in states that issue requests for proposal (“RFP”) open to competitive bidding by other health plans. If one of our health plans is not a successful responsive bidder to a state RFP, its contract may not be renewed.
In addition to contract renewal, our state Medicaid contracts may be periodically amended to include or exclude certain health benefits (such as pharmacy services, behavioral health services, or long-term care services); populations such as the aged, blind or disabled (“ABD”); and regions or service areas.
In Medicare, we enter into Medicare Advantage-Part D (“MAPD”) contracts with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) annually, and for dual-eligible programs, we enter into contracts with CMS, in partnership with each state’s department of health and human services. Such contracts typically have terms of one year to three years .
In early February 2026, we determined that the MAPD product does not align with our strategic shift to focus exclusively on dual eligible members in Medicare and we intend to exit this product for 2027. This development does not reflect conditions existing as of the December 31, 2025, balance sheet date, but arose subsequently. Therefore, our December 31, 2025, financial statements are not impacted. We will address the accounting impacts in the first quarter of 2026, including an estimated pre-tax impairment charge of approximately $93 million, attributable to intangible assets associated with the MAPD product. Our MAPD contracts represented approximately 117,000 members as of December 31, 2025, and approximately $1,566 million, or 25 %, of Medicare segment premium revenue in 2025.
In Marketplace, we enter into contracts with CMS, which end on December 31 each year and must be renewed annually.
Consolidation and Presentation
Reclassifications
We have reclassified certain 2024 amounts in the components of the net deferred tax asset table in Note 12, “Income Taxes,” to conform to line 2025 presentation. There was no impact on previously reported stockholders’ equity or net income.
Use of Estimates
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 60
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Cash and Cash Equivalents
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Investments
Our investments are principally held in debt securities, which are grouped into two separate categories for accounting and reporting purposes: available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities. Available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses, if any, are recorded in stockholders’ equity as other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes. Held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value, and unrealized holding gains or losses are not generally recognized. Realized gains and losses and unrealized losses arising from credit-related factors with respect to AFS and HTM securities are included in the determination of net income. The cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method.
Our investment policy requires that all of our investments have final maturities of less than 15 years, or less than 15 years average life for structured securities. Investments and restricted investments are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates increase. Declines in market interest rates over time will reduce our investment income.
Accrued interest receivable relating to our AFS and HTM securities is presented within “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and amounted to $51 million and $56 million at December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. We do not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable. Instead, we write off accrued interest receivable that has not been collected within 90 days of the interest payment due date. We recognize such write-offs as a reversal of investment income. No accrued interest was written off during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.
Receivables
Receivables consist primarily of premium amounts due from government agencies, which are subject to potential retroactive adjustments, as well as pharmacy rebates and other receivables. Government receivables amounted to $2,365 million and $2,223 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We apply the current expected credit loss model to measure expected credit losses on our receivables based on available information about past events and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Because substantially all of our receivable amounts are readily determinable and substantially all of our creditors are governmental authorities, our allowance for credit losses is insignificant. Any amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged to expense when such determination is made.
Business Combinations
We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to recognize the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. As discussed below, the excess of the purchase consideration transferred over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 61
Refer to Note 4, “Business Combinations,” and Note 9, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net,” for further details.
Long-Lived Assets, including Intangible Assets
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, equipment, capitalized software (see Note 7, “Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software, Net”), and intangible assets resulting from acquisitions. Long-lived assets are subject to impairment tests when events or circumstances indicate that the asset’s (or asset group’s) carrying value may not be recoverable. Finite-lived, separately-identified intangible assets acquired in business combinations are assets that represent future expected benefits but lack physical substance (such as purchased contract rights and provider contracts). Intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and are then amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives, generally between and 16 years.
Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment, as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives. The most significant intangible asset we typically record in a business combination is contract rights associated with membership acquired. In determining the estimated fair value of the intangible assets, we typically apply the income approach, which discounts the projected future net cash flows using an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risk associated with such projected future cash flows. The most critical assumptions used in determining the fair value of contract rights include forecasted operating margins and the weighted average cost of capital.
Our intangible assets are subject to impairment tests when events or circumstances indicate that a finite-lived intangible asset’s (or asset group’s) carrying value may not be recoverable. Consideration is given to a number of potential impairment indicators, including the ability of our health plan subsidiaries to obtain the renewal by amendment of their contracts in each state prior to the actual expiration of their contracts. However, there can be no assurance that these contracts will continue to be renewed. Following the identification of any potential impairment indicators, to determine whether an impairment exists, we would compare the carrying amount of a finite-lived intangible asset with the greater of the undiscounted cash flows that are expected to result from the use of the asset or related group of assets, or its value under the asset liquidation method. If it is determined that the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable, the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value is recorded as an impairment. Determining the fair value of separately identifiable intangible assets requires management to make estimates, which are based on all available information and in some cases assumptions with respect to the timing and amount of future revenues and expenses associated with an asset. Refer to Note 9, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net,” for further details.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis, and more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Impairment indicators may include declines, or expected declines, in operating performance or cash-flows, significant losses of membership, state funding, or state contracts, adverse regulatory changes, or other declines in market conditions, such as a decline in the company’s market capitalization. Goodwill is impaired if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. This excess is recorded as an impairment loss and adjusted if necessary for the impact of tax-deductible goodwill. The loss recognized may not exceed the total goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
When testing goodwill for impairment, we may first assess qualitative factors, such as industry and market factors, the dynamic economic and political environments in which we operate, cost factors, or any of the potential impairment indicators noted above, to determine if it is more likely than not that the carrying value of our reporting units exceed their estimated fair values. If our qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we perform the quantitative assessment. We may also elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative assessment.
If performing a quantitative assessment, we generally estimate the fair values of our reporting units by applying the income approach, using discounted cash flows. The assumptions used in the reporting units’ discounted cash flows are derived from the annual financial planning process, which commences in the fourth quarter of the year, and our
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 62
Leases
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use the underlying assets over the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation for lease payments arising from the related leases. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when we believe it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. If applicable, we account for lease and non-lease components within a lease as a single lease component.
Because most of our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we generally use our incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of lease payments. Lease expenses for operating lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and the related ROU assets and liabilities are reduced to the present value of the remaining lease payments at the end of each period. Finance lease payments reduce finance lease liabilities, the related ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method.
Medical Claims and Benefits Payable
Medical care costs are recognized in the period in which services are provided and include fee-for-service claims, pharmacy benefits, capitation payments to providers, and various other medically-related costs. Under fee-for-service claims arrangements with providers, we retain the financial responsibility for medical care provided and incur costs based on actual utilization of hospital and physician services. Such medical care costs include both amounts paid by us and estimated medical claims and benefits payable for costs that were incurred but not yet paid as of the reporting date (“IBNP”). Pharmacy benefits represent payments for members' prescription drug costs, net of rebates from drug manufacturers, with rebates estimated using historical and current prescription drug utilization and contractual provisions. Capitation payments represent monthly contractual fees paid to providers responsible for providing medical care to members, which could include medical or ancillary costs like dental, vision and other supplemental health benefits. Capitation costs are fixed prior to the coverage period and are not subject to significant accounting estimates. Other medical care costs include all medically-related administrative costs, amounts owed to providers under risk-sharing or incentive arrangements, provider claims, recoveries from claim overpayments, and other healthcare expenses. Medically-related administrative costs include expenses relating to health education, quality assurance, case management, care coordination, disease management, and 24-hour on-call nurse services. Additionally, our medical claims and benefit liability includes an estimate for the cost of settling claims incurred but not yet paid through the reporting date.
Medical claims and benefits payable consist mainly of fee-for-service IBNP, unpaid pharmacy claims, capitation costs, other medical costs, including amounts payable to providers based on risk-sharing or incentive arrangements, and amounts payable to providers on behalf of certain state agencies for certain state assessments where we do not assume financial risk. IBNP includes both the costs of claims incurred but not yet paid as of the balance sheet date which has been reported to us, and our best estimate of the cost of claims incurred but not yet reported to us. When more complete claims payment information and healthcare cost trend data becomes available, we reflect changes in these estimates as an increase or decrease to medical care costs in the consolidated results of operations in the period in which they are determined.
The estimation of the IBNP liability requires considerable judgment in applying actuarial methods, determining the appropriate assumptions, and considering numerous factors. Of those factors, we consider estimated completion
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 63
factors and the assumed healthcare cost trend to be the most critical assumptions. Other relevant factors also include, but are not limited to, utilization and unit cost trends, claim inventory levels, changes in membership, product mix, seasonality, benefit changes, changes in fee schedules, provider contract changes, prior authorizations, prevalence of high-cost catastrophic cases, and the incidence of influenza-like illnesses.
Because of the significant degree of judgment involved in estimation of our IBNP liability, there is considerable variability and uncertainty inherent in such estimates. Each reporting period, the recognized IBNP liability represents our best estimate of the total amount of unpaid claims incurred as of the balance sheet date using a consistent methodology in estimating our IBNP liability, including a provision for moderately adverse conditions for each current period. We believe our current estimates are reasonable and adequate; however, the development of our estimate is a continuous process that we monitor and update as more complete claims payment information and healthcare cost trend data becomes available. Actual medical care costs may be less than we previously estimated (favorable development) or more than we previously estimated (unfavorable development), and any differences could be material. Any adjustments to reflect favorable development would be recognized as a decrease to medical care costs, and any adjustments to reflect unfavorable development would be recognized as an increase to medical care costs, in the period in which the adjustments are determined.
Refer to Note 10, “Medical Claims and Benefits Payable,” for a table presenting the components of the change in our medical claims and benefits payable, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Premium Revenue Recognition and Amounts Due Government Agencies
Premium revenue is generated from our contracts with state and federal agencies, in connection with our participation in the Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace programs. Premium revenue is generally received based on per member per month (“PMPM”) rates established in advance of the periods covered. These premium revenues are recognized in the month that members are entitled to receive healthcare services, and premiums collected in advance are deferred. Many of our contracts contain provisions that may adjust or limit revenue or profit, as described below. Consequently, we recognize premium revenue as it is earned under such provisions. Liabilities accrued for premiums to be returned under such provisions are reported in the aggregate as “Amounts due government agencies” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. State Medicaid programs and the federal Medicare program periodically adjust premium rates, including certain components of premium revenue that are subject to accounting estimates further discussed below.
The Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) established a Minimum MLR of 85 28 million and $32 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, to “Amounts due government agencies” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The ACA established a Minimum MLR of 80 12 million and $30 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, to “Amounts due government agencies” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Risk Adjustment. Our Medicare premiums are subject to retroactive increase or decrease based on the health status of our members (as measured by member risk score). We estimate our members’ risk scores and the related amount of Medicare revenue that will ultimately be realized for the periods presented based on our knowledge of our members’ health status, risk scores and CMS practices. We also estimate amounts owed to CMS for Part D
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 64
Other Premium Adjustments. State Medicaid programs periodically adjust premium revenues on a retroactive basis for rate changes and changes in membership and eligibility data. In certain states, adjustments are made based on the health status of our members (as measured through a risk score). In these cases, we adjust our premium revenue in the period in which we determine that the adjustment is probable and reasonably estimable, based on our best estimate of the ultimate premium we expect to realize for the period being adjusted.
Quality Incentives
Reinsurance
We bear underwriting and reserving risks associated with our health plan subsidiaries. In certain cases, we limit our risk of significant catastrophic losses by maintaining high deductible reinsurance coverage with a highly-rated, unaffiliated insurance company (the “third-party reinsurer”). Because we remain liable for losses in the event the third-party reinsurer is unable to pay its portion of the losses, we continually monitor the third-party reinsurer’s financial condition, including its ability to maintain high credit ratings.
Premium Deficiency Reserve on Loss Contracts
We assess the profitability of our contracts to determine if it is probable that a loss will be incurred in the future by reviewing current results and forecasts. For purposes of this assessment, contracts are grouped in a manner consistent with our method of acquiring, servicing and measuring the profitability of such contracts. A premium deficiency reserve (“PDR”) is recognized if anticipated future medical care and administrative costs exceed anticipated future premium revenue, investment income and reinsurance recoveries.
Income Taxes
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 65
Premium Taxes
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Risks and Uncertainties
Our profitability depends in large part on our ability to accurately predict and effectively manage medical care costs. We continually review our medical costs in light of our underlying claims experience and revised actuarial data. However, several factors could adversely affect medical care costs. These factors, which include changes in healthcare practices, inflation, new technologies, major epidemics, natural disasters, and malpractice litigation, are beyond our control and may have an adverse effect on our ability to accurately predict and effectively control medical care costs. Costs in excess of those anticipated could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We operate health plans primarily as a direct contractor with the states, and in Los Angeles County, California, as a subcontractor to another health plan holding a direct contract with the state. We are therefore dependent upon a relatively small number of contracts to support our revenue. The loss of any one of those contracts could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, our ability to arrange for the provision of medical services to our members is dependent upon our ability to develop and maintain adequate provider networks. Our inability to develop or maintain such networks might, in certain circumstances, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Significant Customers
We receive the majority of our revenues under contracts or subcontracts with state Medicaid managed care programs, which are considered individual external customers. Instances where these contracts were at least 10% of our total premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 were California with 10 %, Texas with 13 %, and Washington with 10 %.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires incremental income tax disclosures on an annual basis for all public entities. The amendments require that public business entities disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items meeting a quantitative threshold. The amendments also require disclosure of income taxes paid to be disaggregated by jurisdiction, and disclosure of income tax expense disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual reporting beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. We have adopted this ASU, with the incremental disclosures presented in Note 12, “Income Taxes”.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which will require disclosure of additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements for all public business entities. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2027, and for interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the incremental disclosures that will be required in the footnotes to our consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which modernizes the accounting for internal-use software costs to better align with the way that software is currently developed. The update removes all reference to the project stages of software development and establishes two criteria that must be met to begin capitalizing software costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual reporting beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2028, and for interim periods therein. It can be
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 66
adopted using a prospective, modified, or retrospective approach, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the update to our consolidated financial statements.
Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) did not have, nor does management expect such pronouncements to have, a significant impact on our present or future consolidated financial statements.
3. Net Income Per Share
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except net income per share) | |||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares outstanding at the beginning of the period | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of shares issued: | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock purchases | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||
| Denominator for basic net income per share | |||||||||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||
| Denominator for diluted net income per share | |||||||||||||||||
Net income per share - Basic (2) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Net income per share - Diluted (2) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
_______________________________
(1) The dilutive effect of all potentially dilutive common shares is calculated using the treasury stock method. Certain potentially dilutive common shares issuable are not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, 358,000 and 108,000 shares, respectively, were excluded from diluted shares outstanding.
4. Business Combinations
ConnectiCare. Effective February 1, 2025, we closed on our acquisition of 100 % of the issued and outstanding capital stock of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc. (“ConnectiCare”) for $350 million in cash. For this transaction, we applied the acquisition method of accounting, where the total purchase price was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. The pro forma effects of this acquisition for prior periods were not material to our consolidated results of operations. Acquisition costs amounted to $3 million in the aggregate for the year ended December 31, 2025, and were recorded as “General and administrative expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 67
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Such assets include synergies we expect to achieve as a result of the transaction, such as the use of our existing infrastructure to support the added membership, and future economic benefits arising from the assembled workforce. We allocated goodwill in the amounts of $67 million to the Medicare segment and $220 million to the Marketplace segments. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. The following table summarizes the fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, in millions.
| Assets acquired: | |||||
| Current assets | $ | ||||
| Goodwill | |||||
| Intangible assets | |||||
| Other long-term assets | |||||
| Liabilities assumed: | |||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable | ( | ||||
| Amounts due government agencies | ( | ||||
| Accounts payable, accrued and other long-term liabilities | ( | ||||
| Fair value of net assets acquired | $ | ||||
The table below presents intangible assets acquired, by major class, for the ConnectiCare acquisition. The weighted-average amortization period, in the aggregate, is 9.8 years.
| Fair Value | Life | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | (Years) | ||||||||||
| Contract rights - member list | $ | ||||||||||
| Trade Name | |||||||||||
| Provider network | |||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||
5. Fair Value Measurements
We consider the carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities to approximate their fair values because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization or payment. For our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value according to a three-tier fair value hierarchy as follows:
Level 1 — Observable Inputs. Level 1 financial instruments are actively traded and therefore the fair value for these securities is based on quoted market prices for identical securities in active markets.
Level 2 — Directly or Indirectly Observable Inputs. Fair value for these investments is determined using a market approach based on quoted prices for similar securities in active markets or quoted prices for identical securities in inactive markets.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 68
Our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2025, were as follows:
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024, were as follows:
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurements – Disclosure Only
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our notes payable are classified as Level 2 financial instruments. Fair value for these securities is determined using a market approach based on quoted market prices for similar securities in active markets or quoted prices for identical securities in inactive markets.
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 69
6. Investments
Available-for-Sale
We consider all of our investments classified as current assets to be available-for-sale. The following tables summarize our current investments as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains | Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains | Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The contractual maturities of our current investments as of December 31, 2025 are summarized below:
| Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Due in one year or less | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Due after one year through five years | |||||||||||
| Due after five years through ten years | |||||||||||
| Due after ten years | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
In the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, maturities and redemptions of available-for-sale securities amounted to $1,181 million, $1,012 million, and $513 million, respectively, and sales amounted to $227 million, $99 million, and $259 million, respectively. Gross realized gains and losses from sales of available-for-sale securities are calculated under the specific identification method and are included in investment income. Gross realized investment gains and losses were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
We have determined that unrealized losses at December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 primarily resulted from fluctuating interest rates, rather than a deterioration of the creditworthiness of the issuers. Further, as of December 31, 2025, we do not intend to sell, and it is not likely that we will be required to sell these investments prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Therefore, we determined that an allowance for credit losses was not necessary.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 70
The following table segregates those available-for-sale investments that have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more as of December 31, 2025:
| In a Continuous Loss Position for Less than 12 Months | In a Continuous Loss Position for 12 Months or More | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Total Number of Positions | Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Total Number of Positions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table segregates those available-for-sale investments that have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more as of December 31, 2024:
| In a Continuous Loss Position for Less than 12 Months | In a Continuous Loss Position for 12 Months or More | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Total Number of Positions | Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Total Number of Positions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted Investments Held-to-Maturity
Pursuant to the regulations governing our state health plan subsidiaries, we maintain statutory deposits and deposits required by government authorities primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury securities, and corporate debt securities. We also maintain restricted investments as protection against the insolvency of certain capitated providers. The use of these funds is limited as required by regulations in the various states in which we operate, or as needed in the event of insolvency of capitated providers. Therefore, such investments are reported as “Restricted investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and totaled $299 million and $286 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
We have the intent and ability to hold these restricted investments until maturity, and as a result, we expect to collect the contractual cash flows associated with these investments and do not recognize interim fluctuations in fair value. Accordingly, our held-to-maturity restricted investments are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value, of which $261 million will mature in one year or less, $34 million will mature in one through five years, and $4 million will mature after five years.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 71
The following table presents the balances of restricted investments:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| U.S. Treasury notes | |||||||||||
| Corporate debt and other securities | |||||||||||
| Total restricted investments | $ | $ | |||||||||
7. Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software, Net
Property and equipment are stated at historical cost. Replacements and major improvements are capitalized, and repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Software developed for internal use is capitalized. Property and equipment are generally depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from to seven years . Software is generally amortized over its estimated useful life of three years . Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease, or over their useful lives from to 10 years, whichever is shorter. Buildings are depreciated over their estimated useful lives of 31.5 to 40 years.
A summary of property, equipment, and capitalized software is as follows:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Capitalized software | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Building and improvements | |||||||||||
| Land | |||||||||||
| Total cost | |||||||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization - capitalized software | ( | ( | |||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization - property, equipment, building, and improvements | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| ROU assets - finance leases | |||||||||||
| Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following table presents all depreciation and amortization recognized in our consolidated statements of income:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of capitalized software | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of finance leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment, building, and improvements | |||||||||||||||||
| Total depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
8. Leases
We are a party to operating and finance leases primarily for our corporate and health plan offices. Our operating leases have remaining lease terms up to 21 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 10 years. As of December 31, 2025, the weighted average remaining operating lease term is 8 years.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 72
Our finance leases have remaining lease terms up to 13 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 25 years. As of December 31, 2025, the weighted average remaining finance lease term is 10 years.
As of December 31, 2025, the weighted-average discount rate used to compute the present value of lease payments was 5.2 % for operating lease liabilities, and 6.5 % for finance lease liabilities. The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 are presented in the following table.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Finance lease expense: | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of ROU assets | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Total finance lease expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Supplemental consolidated cash flow information related to leases follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash used in financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | |||||||||||||||||
| ROU assets recognized in exchange for lease obligations: | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | |||||||||||||||||
Supplemental information related to leases, including location of amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, follows:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Operating leases: | |||||||||||
| ROU assets | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Finance leases: | |||||||||||
| ROU assets | |||||||||||
| Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities (non-current) | |||||||||||
Total finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 73
Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025, were as follows:
| Operating | Finance | ||||||||||
| Leases | Leases | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| 2026 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| 2027 | |||||||||||
| 2028 | |||||||||||
| 2029 | |||||||||||
| 2030 | |||||||||||
| Thereafter | |||||||||||
| Subtotal - undiscounted lease payments | |||||||||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill by segment, for the periods presented.
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions and measurement period adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions and measurement period adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The changes in the carrying amounts of both goodwill and intangible assets, net, in 2025, were due to the acquisition described in Note 4, “Business Combinations.”
Intangible Assets, Net
The following table provides the details of identified intangible assets, by major class, for the periods presented.
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Accumulated Amortization | Carrying Amount | Cost | Accumulated Amortization | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contract rights and licenses | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provider networks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10. Medical Claims and Benefits Payable
The following tables present the components of the change in our medical claims and benefits payable for the periods indicated. The amounts presented for “Components of medical care costs related to: Prior years” represent the amount by which our original estimate of medical claims and benefits payable at the beginning of the year varied
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 74
from the actual liabilities, based on information (principally the payment of claims) developed since those liabilities were first reported.
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable, beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of medical care costs related to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior years | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for medical care costs related to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired balances, net of post-acquisition adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in non-risk and other provider payables | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable, ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable, beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of medical care costs related to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior years | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for medical care costs related to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired balances, net of post-acquisition adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in non-risk and other provider payables | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable, ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 75
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable, beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of medical care costs related to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior years | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for medical care costs related to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired balances, net of post-acquisition adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in non-risk and other provider payables | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable, ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incurred but not paid (“IBNP”) plus expected development on reported claims as of December 31, 2025 was $3,211 million. IBNP includes the costs of claims incurred as of the balance sheet date which have been reported to us, and our best estimate of the cost of claims incurred but not yet reported to us. Our estimates of medical claims and benefits payable recorded at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 developed favorably by approximately $98 million, $675 million and $427 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The favorable prior year development recognized in 2025 was primarily attributable to lower than expected utilization of medical services by our members. On a consolidated basis, the ultimate costs recognized in 2025, as claims payments were processed, were lower than our estimates in 2024; however, medical costs in our Marketplace segment were higher than our original estimates. Consequently, the ultimate costs recognized in 2025 for Marketplace, as claims payments were processed, were higher than our estimates in 2024 due to higher than expected utilization.
The favorable prior year development recognized in 2024 was primarily due to lower than expected utilization of medical services by our members and improved operating performance, including claim payment recoveries related to prior year dates of service, mainly in the Medicaid segment. Consequently, the ultimate costs recognized in 2024, as claims payments were processed, were lower than our estimates in 2023.
The favorable prior year development recognized in 2023 was primarily due to lower than expected utilization of medical services by our members and improved operating performance, including claim payment recoveries related to prior year dates of service, mainly in the Medicaid segment. Consequently, the ultimate costs recognized in 2023, as claims payments were processed, were lower than our estimates in 2022.
The following tables provide information about our consolidated incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2025, as well as cumulative claims frequency and the total of incurred but not paid claims liabilities. The pattern of incurred and paid claims development is consistent across each of our segments. The cumulative claim frequency is measured by claim event, and includes claims covered under capitated arrangements.
| Incurred Claims and Allocated Claims Adjustment Expenses | Total IBNP | Cumulative number of reported claims | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit Year | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 76
| Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claims Adjustment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit Year | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table represents a reconciliation of claims development to the aggregate carrying amount of the liability for medical claims and benefits payable.
| 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incurred claims and allocated claims adjustment expenses | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: cumulative paid claims and allocated claims adjustment expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| All outstanding liabilities before 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired balances | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-risk and other provider payables | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical claims and benefits payable | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
11. Debt
The following table summarizes our outstanding debt obligations:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Non-current long-term debt: | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Deferred debt issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Contractual maturities of the principal amounts of our outstanding debt obligations, as of December 31, 2025, are illustrated in the following table.
| Total | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 77
Senior Notes
Each of these notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Parent corporation, Molina Healthcare, Inc., and rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior debt, and senior to all existing and future subordinated debt of Molina Healthcare, Inc. The senior note indentures contain customary non-financial covenants and change of control provisions. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all non-financial covenants in the indentures governing the senior notes.
The indentures governing the senior notes contain cross-default provisions that are triggered upon default by us or any of our subsidiaries on any indebtedness in excess of the amount specified in the applicable indenture. As discussed below, no amounts were outstanding under the New Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2025, so there is no risk of a cross-default under the senior notes.
On November 20, 2025, we completed the private offering of $850 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes (the “6.500 % Notes due 2031”), which are due February 15, 2031, unless earlier redeemed. We used the net proceeds for repayment of $740 million in term loan debt related to the Prior Credit Agreement (see discussion below) and for general corporate purposes. The 6.500 % Notes due 2031 contain optional early redemption provisions, with redemption prices in excess of par. Interest, at a rate of 6.500 % per annum, is payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2026. Deferred issuance costs amounted to $12 million.
Credit Agreement
On November 20, 2025, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”) which replaced our prior credit agreement dated as of June 8, 2020, as amended from time to time prior to November 20, 2025, (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). The terms of the New Credit Agreement are substantially similar to the terms of the Prior Credit Agreement, except that certain covenants are amended in a manner favorable to us. The New Credit Agreement includes a revolving credit facility (“New Credit Facility”) of $1.25 billion, a $15 million swingline sub-facility, a $100 million letter of credit sub-facility, as well as uncommitted capacity to incur incremental term loans to finance certain acquisitions up to $800 million. Borrowings under the New Credit Agreement bear interest based, at our election, on a base rate or other defined rate, plus in each case, the applicable margin. In addition to interest payable on the principal amount of indebtedness outstanding from time to time under the New Credit Agreement, we are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee. The New Credit Agreement has a term of five years , and all amounts outstanding will be due and payable on November 20, 2030.
The New Credit Agreement contains customary non-financial and financial covenants, including maintenance of a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio threshold of 3.0 to 1.0, and a maximum Consolidated Total Debt to Capital Ratio of 60 %, with a step-up to 65 % for four fiscal quarters following a material acquisition or series of related acquisitions (i.e., $500 million or greater cash consideration). As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all non-financial and financial covenants under the New Credit Agreement. Subsequently, we executed an amendment to the New Credit Agreement on February 4, 2026 that temporarily reduces the Interest Coverage Ratio threshold to (a) with respect to each fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2026 through and including December 31, 2026, 1.75 :1.00, (b) with respect to fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027, 2.00 :1.00, (c) with respect to fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2027, 2.50 :1.00 and (d) with respect to fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2027, 2.75 :1.00.
As of December 31, 2025, no amounts were outstanding under the New Credit Agreement.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 78
12. Income Taxes
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations consisted of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| State | |||||||||||||||||
| Total current | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| State | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total deferred | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | |||||||||||||||||
| State | |||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the combined effective income tax rate for continuing operations is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax Credits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transferable energy-related tax credits | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other nontaxable or nondeductible items | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign tax effects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax provision at Puerto Rico statutory rate(1) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in valuation allowances | — | ( | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State income taxes, net of federal benefit(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 79
_______________________________
(1) The Company’s Puerto Rico subsidiary is dually incorporated in the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Income taxes paid are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Federal (1) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| California | * | ||||||||||||||||
Other (2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total U.S. State and Local | |||||||||||||||||
| Total income taxes paid, net | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
_______________________________
(1) Includes $237 million paid to purchase transferable tax credits during the year ended December 31, 2025.
(2) Includes $6 million, $10 million and $3 million paid to purchase transferable tax credits during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
* The amount of income taxes paid during the year ended December 31, 2023 does not meet the 5% disaggregation threshold.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and reserve liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred compensation | |||||||||||
| Other accrued medical costs | |||||||||||
| Net operating losses | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Unrealized losses | |||||||||||
| Fixed assets and intangibles | |||||||||||
| Tax credit carryover | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total deferred income tax liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net deferred income tax asset | $ | $ | |||||||||
At December 31, 2025, we had state net operating loss carryforwards of $122 million, which begin expiring in 2037 with some having an indefinite carryforward period, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $7 million, which begin expiring in 2031. Additionally, as of December 31, 2025, we had foreign tax credit carryovers of $5 million, which expire in 2030.
We evaluate the need for a valuation allowance taking into consideration the ability to carry back and carry forward tax credits and losses, available tax planning strategies and future income, including reversal of temporary differences. We have determined that as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $19
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 80
We recognize tax benefits only if the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained. We are subject to income taxes in the United States, Puerto Rico, and numerous state jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate.
The roll forward of our unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Settlements | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of period | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
Settlements reflect the resolution of a state refund claim that had no net impact on our financial statements.
Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Amounts accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were insignificant.
13. Stockholders' Equity
Stock Purchase Programs
In October 2024, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to $1 billion of our common stock. This new program extended through December 31, 2025 and superseded the stock purchase program previously approved by our board of directors in September 2023. Under this program, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, we purchased approximately 1,679,000 shares for $500 million in the first quarter of 2025 (average cost of $297.83 per share). These first quarter purchases exhausted the funds available under the board’s October 2024 $1 billion repurchase authorization.
In April 2025, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $1 billion of our common stock. This new program extends through December 31, 2026. Under this program, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, we purchased approximately 2,849,000 shares for $500 million in the third quarter of 2025 (average cost of $175.50 per share).
We have accrued a stock repurchase excise tax of $9 million related to the share repurchase programs as of December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, we had accrued a stock repurchase excise tax of $8 million related to the prior year share repurchase program. These amounts are located in “Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other” and “Additional paid-in capital” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 81
Share-Based Compensation
In connection with our employee stock plans, approximately 361,000 shares and 360,000 shares of common stock were issued, net of shares used to settle employees’ income tax obligations, during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Total share-based compensation expense is reported in “General and administrative expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, and summarized below.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pretax Charges | Net-of-Tax Amount | Pretax Charges | Net-of-Tax Amount | Pretax Charges | Net-of-Tax Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSAs and PSUs (defined below) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Incentive Plan
In the second quarter of 2025, our stockholders approved the Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 EIP”). The 2025 EIP provides for awards, in the form of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), stock options and other stock- or cash-based awards, to eligible persons who perform services for us. The 2025 EIP provides for the issuance of up to approximately 1.8 million shares of our common stock.
Stock-based awards. RSAs and PSUs are granted based on the fair value of the stock on the grant date, and generally vest in equal annual installments over periods up to four years from the date of grant. PSUs vest in their entirety at the end of three-year performance periods, if their performance conditions are met. We generally recognize expense for RSAs and PSUs on a straight-line basis. The weighted-average grant date fair value of our RSAs was $285.38 in 2025, $382.23 in 2024, and $277.37 in 2023. The weighted-average grant date fair value of our PSUs was $288.81 in 2025, $353.44 in 2024, and $233.50 in 2023. Activity for stock-based awards in the year ended December 31, 2025, is summarized below.
| RSAs | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | PSUs | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unvested balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unvested balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2025, total unrecognized compensation expense was $106 million, which we expect to recognize over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.2 years. This unrecognized compensation cost assumes an estimated forfeiture rate of 7 % for non-executive employees as of December 31, 2025, based on actual forfeitures over the last 4 years.
The total fair value of awards vested is presented in the following table.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| RSAs | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| PSUs | |||||||||||||||||
| Total vested | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 82
Employee Stock Purchase Plans (“ESPP”)
Under our ESPP, eligible employees may purchase common shares at 85 % of the lower of the fair market value of our common stock on either the first or last trading day of each six-month offering period. Each participant is limited to a maximum purchase of $25,000 (as measured by the fair value of the stock acquired) per year through payroll deductions. We estimate the fair value of the stock issued using a standard option pricing model. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the inputs to this model were as follows: risk-free interest rates of approximately 4.2 5.4 25 45 0 0.5
14. Employee Benefit Plans
We sponsor defined contribution 401(k) plans that cover substantially all employees of our company and its subsidiaries. Eligible employees are permitted to contribute up to the maximum amount allowed by law. We match up to the first 4 % of compensation contributed by employees. Expense recognized in connection with our contributions to the 401(k) plans amounted to $63 million, $61 million, and $54 million in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
We also have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain key employees. Under this plan, eligible participants may defer portions of their base salary and bonus to provide tax-deferred growth. The deferrals are distributable based upon termination of employment or other periods, as elected under the plan, and were $61 million and $50 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions
Our health plans, which are generally operated by our respective wholly owned subsidiaries in those states in which our health plans operate, are subject to state laws and regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of statutory capital, as defined by each state. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), has adopted model rules which, if implemented by the states, set minimum capitalization requirements for insurance companies, HMOs, and other entities bearing risk for healthcare coverage. The requirements take the form of risk-based capital (“RBC”) rules which may vary from state to state. Regulators in some states may also enforce capital requirements that require the retention of net worth in excess of amounts formally required by statute or regulation.
All of our health plans except California, Florida and New York, are subject to the RBC rules. The minimum statutory capital requirements in these states are based on a percentage of annualized premium revenue, a percentage of annualized health care costs, a percentage of certain liabilities, or other financial ratios. If our California, Florida or New York health plans became subject to RBC rules, minimum capital required for those states could increase.
Statutes, regulations and informal capital requirements also restrict the timing, payment, and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to us as the sole stockholder. To the extent our subsidiaries must comply with these regulations, they may not have the financial flexibility to transfer funds to us. Based on current statutes and regulations, the net assets in these subsidiaries, which may not be transferable to us in the form of loans, advances, or cash dividends was approximately $4.4 billion at December 31, 2025. Because of the statutory restrictions that inhibit the ability of our health plans to transfer net assets to us, the amount of retained earnings readily available to pay dividends to our stockholders is generally limited to cash, cash equivalents and investments held by the parent company—Molina Healthcare, Inc. Such cash, cash equivalents and investments amounted to $223 million and $445 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, our health plans had aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $4.6 billion, which was in excess of the required minimum aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $3.1 billion. We are committed and have the ability to provide additional capital to each of our health plans when necessary to ensure that statutory capital and surplus continues to meet regulatory requirements.
Legal Proceedings
The healthcare industry is subject to numerous laws and regulations of federal, state, and local governments, as well as various contractual provisions, governing our operations. Compliance with these laws, regulations, and contractual provisions can be subject to government audit, review, and interpretation, as well as regulatory actions.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 83
Penalties associated with violations of these laws, regulations, and contractual provisions can include significant fines and penalties, temporary or permanent exclusion from participating in publicly funded programs, a limitation on our ability to market or sell products, the repayment of previously billed and collected revenues, and reputational damage.
We are involved in legal actions in the ordinary course of business including, but not limited to, various employment claims, vendor disputes, and provider claims. Some of these legal actions seek monetary damages, including claims for punitive damages, which may not be covered by insurance. We review legal matters and update our estimates, or range of estimates, of reasonably possible and estimable losses and related disclosures, as necessary. We have accrued liabilities for legal matters for which we deem the loss to be both probable and reasonably estimable. These liability estimates could change as a result of further developments. The outcome of these legal actions are inherently uncertain. An adverse determination in one or more of these pending matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
On October 3, 2025, a putative securities class action captioned Hindlemann v. Molina Healthcare, Inc., et al. was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer (the “Securities Action”). The Securities Action was brought on behalf of a putative class who allegedly acquired Company securities between February 5, 2025 and July 23, 2025 and asserts violations of federal securities laws relating to the Company’s disclosures including those involving earnings guidance. At the time of this filing, competing motions for lead plaintiff and lead counsel were pending with the court, and the complaint may be amended. On December 12, 2025, a shareholder derivative suit captioned Taylor v. Wolf, et al. was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company’s directors and certain officers (“Derivative Action”). The Derivative Action asserts among other things claims for breach of fiduciary duty and violation of securities laws in connection with the same statements and events at issue in the Securities Action. The Company intends to vigorously contest each lawsuit, which will require legal expenses. At this time, the Company cannot predict the outcome or provide a reasonable estimate or range of estimates of the possible outcome or loss, if any, in the Securities Action or the Derivative Action.
Professional Liability Insurance
We carry medical professional liability insurance for healthcare services rendered in our primary care locations and throughout the communities we serve. In addition, we carry managed care errors and omissions insurance for all managed care services that we provide.
16. Segments
We currently have four reportable segments consisting of: 1) Medicaid; 2) Medicare; 3) Marketplace; and 4) Other. Our reportable segments are consistent with how we currently manage the business and view the markets we serve.
The Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments represent the government-funded or sponsored programs under which we offer managed healthcare services. The Other segment, which is insignificant to our consolidated results of operations, includes long-term services and supports consultative services in Wisconsin and the commercial portion of the business acquired in connection with the ConnectiCare transaction that closed effective February 1, 2025.
The key metrics used to assess the performance of our segments are revenue, margin and medical care ratio (“MCR”). MCR represents the amount of medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue. Therefore, the underlying margin, or the amount earned by the segments after medical costs or service costs are deducted from revenue, represents the most important measure of earnings reviewed by management, and is used by our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, to review results, assess performance, and allocate resources. Such oversight and decision making includes, among others, pricing, approving capital expenditures, and identifying growth opportunities. We do not report total assets by segment since this is not a metric used to assess segment performance or allocate resources.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 84
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premium revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating revenues (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income tax expense | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Margin: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical margin | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service margin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premium revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating revenues (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income tax expense | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Margin: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical margin | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service margin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 85
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medicaid | Medicare | Marketplace | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premium revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating revenues (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical care costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income tax expense | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Margin: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical margin | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service margin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________
(1)Other operating revenues include premium tax revenue, investment income and certain other revenue.
(2)Other operating expenses include general and administrative expenses, premium tax expenses, depreciation and amortization, and certain other operating expenses.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 86
17. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
The condensed balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related condensed statements of income, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025 for our parent company Molina Healthcare, Inc. (the “Registrant”), are presented below.
Condensed Balance Sheets
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
(In millions, except per-share data) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Investments | |||||||||||
| Receivables | |||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| Advances to related parties and other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 87
Condensed Statements of Income
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
| Administrative services fees | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Investment income and other revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax (benefit) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss before equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized investment income | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: effect of income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 88
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributions to subsidiaries | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends received from subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash paid in business combinations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Change in amounts due to/from affiliates | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings under credit facility and term loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of credit facility and term loans | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
Common stock purchases | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from senior notes offering, net of issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Common stock withheld to settle employee tax obligations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
Notes to Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
Note A - Basis of Presentation
The Registrant was incorporated in 2002. Prior to that date, Molina Healthcare of California (formerly known as Molina Medical Centers) operated as a California health plan and as the parent company for three other state health plans. In June 2003, the employees and operations of the corporate entity were transferred from Molina Healthcare of California to the Registrant.
The Registrant’s investment in subsidiaries is stated at cost plus equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries since the date of acquisition. The accompanying condensed financial information of the Registrant should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
Note B - Transactions with Subsidiaries
The Registrant provides certain centralized medical and administrative services to our subsidiaries pursuant to administrative services agreements that include, but are not limited to, information technology, product development and administration, underwriting, claims processing, customer service, certain care management services, human resources, marketing, purchasing, risk management, actuarial, finance, accounting, compliance, legal and public relations. Fees are based on the fair market value of services rendered and are recorded as operating revenue. Payment is subordinated to the subsidiaries’ ability to comply with minimum capital and other restrictive financial requirements of the states in which they operate. Charges in 2025, 2024, and 2023 for these services amounted to $2,347 million, $2,145 million, and $2,038 million, respectively, and are included in operating revenue.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 89
The Registrant and its subsidiaries are included in the consolidated federal and state income tax returns filed by the Registrant. Income taxes are allocated to each subsidiary in accordance with an intercompany tax allocation agreement. The agreement allocates income taxes in an amount generally equivalent to the amount which would be expensed by the subsidiary if it filed a separate tax return. Net operating loss benefits are paid to the subsidiary by the Registrant to the extent such losses are utilized in the consolidated tax returns.
Note C - Dividends and Capital Contributions
When the Registrant receives dividends from its subsidiaries, such amounts are recorded as a reduction to the investments in the respective subsidiaries.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 90
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
MANAGEMENT’S EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of any possible controls and procedures.
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2025, at the reasonable assurance level. In addition, management concluded that our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for each of the periods presented herein.
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements prepared for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria described in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
Effective February 1, 2025, we completed our acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc. (“ConnectiCare”). We are in the process of evaluating the existing controls and procedures of ConnectiCare, and integrating them into our internal controls over financial reporting. In accordance with SEC Staff guidance permitting a company to exclude an acquired business from management’s assessment of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the year in which the acquisition is completed, we have excluded the business that we acquired in the ConnectiCare acquisition from our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. The business that we acquired in the ConnectiCare acquisition constituted 4% and 7% of total and net assets, respectively, as of December 31, 2025, and 4% and 1% of revenues and net income, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025. The scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025, includes all of our consolidated operations except for those disclosure controls and procedures of ConnectiCare that are subsumed by internal control over financial reporting.
Ernst & Young, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm who audited our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K, has issued a report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 91
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Molina Healthcare, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Molina Healthcare, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Molina Healthcare, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria.
As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc., which is included in the 2025 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 4% and 7% of total and net assets, respectively, as of December 31, 2025, and 4% and 1% of revenues and net income, respectively, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and our report dated February 10, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 92
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 10, 2026
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 93
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
(a) None.
(b) No director or officer (as defined in 17 CFR § 240.16a-1(f)) of the Company adopted terminated
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information required by Item 10 of Part III will be included in our Proxy Statement relating to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2026 Proxy Statement”), and is incorporated herein by reference. This information will be included in the following sections of the 2026 Proxy Statement:
•PROPOSAL 1 - Election of Directors
•Information About Director Nominees
•Information About Directors Continuing in Office
•Additional Information About Directors
•Corporate Governance and Board of Directors Matters
•Information About the Executive Officers of the Company
•Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Information relating to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, our Insider Trading Policy and compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act will be set forth in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. We intend to disclose on our website any amendments to or waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics as required by law or NYSE rules, under the heading “Investor Information—Corporate Governance” at molinahealthcare.com.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by Item 11 of Part III will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement in the section entitled “Executive Compensation,” and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
Information required by Item 12 of Part III will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement in the section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information required by Item 13 of Part III will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement in the sections entitled “Related Party Transactions,” and “Corporate Governance and Board of Directors Matters—Director Independence,” and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, Los Angeles, CA, Auditor Firm ID: 42 .
Information required by Item 14 of Part III will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement in the section entitled “Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” and is incorporated herein by reference.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 94
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
(1) The consolidated financial statements are included in this report in the section entitled “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
Schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable, or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements, and therefore have been omitted.
EXHIBITS
Reference is made to the accompanying “Index to Exhibits.”
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 95
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the undersigned registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 10th day of February, 2026.
| MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Joseph M. Zubretsky | ||||||||||
| Joseph M. Zubretsky | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities as indicated, as of February 10, 2026.
| Signature | Title | |||||||
| /s/ Joseph M. Zubretsky | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | |||||||
| Joseph M. Zubretsky | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Mark L. Keim | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||
| Mark L. Keim | (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Maurice S. Hebert | Chief Accounting Officer | |||||||
| Maurice S. Hebert | (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Barbara L. Brasier | Director | |||||||
| Barbara L. Brasier | ||||||||
| /s/ Leo P. Grohowski | Director | |||||||
| Leo P. Grohowski | ||||||||
| /s/ Stephen H. Lockhart | Director | |||||||
| Stephen H. Lockhart | ||||||||
| /s/ Steven J. Orlando | Director | |||||||
| Steven J. Orlando | ||||||||
| /s/ Ronna E. Romney | Director | |||||||
| Ronna E. Romney | ||||||||
| /s/ Richard M. Schapiro | Director | |||||||
| Richard M. Schapiro | ||||||||
| /s/ Dale B. Wolf | Chairman of the Board | |||||||
| Dale B. Wolf | ||||||||
| /s/ Richard C. Zoretic | Director | |||||||
| Richard C. Zoretic | ||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 96
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed or furnished, as applicable, with this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) or incorporated herein by reference.
The agreements included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this Form 10-K may contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in such agreement by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement; (iii) may apply contract standards of “materiality” that are different from “materiality” under the applicable securities laws; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement. The Company acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements in this Form 10-K not misleading.
| Number | Description | Method of Filing | ||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed December 30, 2002 | |||||||||||||
| 3.2 | Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 13, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 3.3 | Filed as Exhibit 3.3 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 13, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 3.4 | Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed December 26, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| 4.1 | Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 2, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.2 | Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 2, 2020 (Included in Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 2, 2020) | |||||||||||||
| 4.3 | Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.4 | Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 17, 2020 (Included in Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 17, 2020) | |||||||||||||
| 4.5 | Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 16, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 4.6 | Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 16, 2021 (Included in Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 16, 2021) | |||||||||||||
| 4.7 | Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 18, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 4.8 | Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 18, 2024 (Included in Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 18, 2024) | |||||||||||||
| 4.9 | Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 20, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| 4.10 | Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 20, 2025 (Included in Exhibit 4.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 20, 2025) | |||||||||||||
| 4.11 | Filed as Exhibit 4.7 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 11, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| *10.1 | Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 13, 2024 | |||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 97
| Number | Description | Method of Filing | ||||||||||||
| *10.2 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed April 24, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| *10.3 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed July 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| *10.4 | Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed July 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| *10.5 | Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed July 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| *10.6 | Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed July 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| *10.7 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed May 1, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| *10.8 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed October 23, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| *10.9 | Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed October 23, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| *10.10 | Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 16, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| *10.11 | Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 14, 2007 | |||||||||||||
| *10.12 | Filed as Exhibit 10.10 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 14, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| *10.13 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed October 26, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| *10.14 | Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 14, 2013 | |||||||||||||
| *10.15 | Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 28, 2013 | |||||||||||||
| *10.16 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed September 9, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| *10.17 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed February 16, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| *10.18 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed August 20, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| *10.19 | Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed August 20, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| *10.20 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 17, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| +10.21 | Filed as Exhibit 10.36 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| ***10.22 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed October 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| **10.23 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 10-Q filed October 27, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| ***10.24 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 20, 2025 | |||||||||||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 98
| Number | Description | Method of Filing | ||||||||||||
| 10.25 | Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to registrant’s Form 8-K filed February 6, 2026 | |||||||||||||
| 19.1 | Filed as Exhibit 19.1 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 11, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| 21.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 23.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 31.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 31.2 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 32.1 | Furnished herewith | |||||||||||||
| 32.2 | Furnished herewith | |||||||||||||
| 97 | Filed as Exhibit 97 to registrant’s Form 10-K filed February 13, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL and embedded within Exhibit 101) | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| * | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | ||||
| ** | Certain portions of this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted portion will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. The location of the redacted confidential information is indicated in the exhibit as “[redacted]”. | ||||
| *** | Certain schedules (or similar attachments) to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(a)(5). The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedule (or similar attachment) to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. | ||||
| + | Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Rule 24b-2. The omitted confidential material has been filed separately. The location of the redacted confidential information is indicated in the exhibit as “[redacted]”. | ||||
Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K | 99
EXHIBIT 21.1
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES
| Name | Jurisdiction of Incorporation | ||||
| 2028 West Broadway, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Central Health Plan of California, Inc. | California | ||||
| ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc. | Connecticut | ||||
ConnectiCare Capital, LLC(6) | Connecticut | ||||
ConnectiCare, Inc.(7) | Connecticut | ||||
ConnectiCare Insurance Company, Inc.(7) | Connecticut | ||||
ConnectiCare Benefits, Inc.(8) | Connecticut | ||||
| MHAZ, Inc.* | Arizona | ||||
| Molina Healthcare Data Center, LLC | New Mexico | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Arizona, Inc. | Arizona | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of California | California | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Florida, Inc. | Florida | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Georgia, Inc.* | Georgia | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Illinois, Inc. | Illinois | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Indiana, Inc.* | Indiana | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Iowa, Inc. | Iowa | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Kansas, Inc.* | Kansas | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Kentucky, Inc. | Kentucky | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Louisiana, Inc.* | Louisiana | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Michigan, Inc. | Michigan | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Mississippi, Inc. | Mississippi | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Missouri, Inc.* | Missouri | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Nebraska, Inc. | Nebraska | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Nevada, Inc. | Nevada | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of New Mexico, Inc. | New Mexico | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of New York, Inc. | New York | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of North Carolina, Inc.* | North Carolina | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Ohio, Inc. | Ohio | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Oklahoma, Inc.* | Oklahoma | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Pennsylvania, Inc.* | Pennsylvania | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Puerto Rico, Inc. | Puerto Rico/Nevada | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Rhode Island Holding Company, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
Molina Healthcare of Rhode Island, Inc.(1)* | Rhode Island | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of South Carolina, Inc. | South Carolina | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Tennessee, Inc.* | Tennessee | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Texas, Inc. | Texas | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Texas Insurance Company | Texas | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Utah, Inc. | Utah | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Virginia, LLC | Virginia | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Washington, Inc. | Washington | ||||
| Molina Healthcare of Wisconsin, Inc. | Wisconsin | ||||
| Molina Clinical Services, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Molina Care Connections, LLC | Texas | ||||
EXHIBIT 21.1
| Name | Jurisdiction of Incorporation | ||||
| SWH Holdings, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
Senior Health Holdings, LLC(2) | Delaware | ||||
Senior Health Holdings, Inc.(3) | Delaware | ||||
AlphaCare Holdings, Inc.(4) | Delaware | ||||
Senior Whole Health of New York, Inc.(5) | New York | ||||
Senior Whole Health, LLC(4) | Massachusetts | ||||
| The Management Group, LLC | Wisconsin | ||||
* Non-operational entity
(1) Wholly owned subsidiary of Molina Healthcare of Rhode Island Holding Company, Inc.
(2) Wholly owned subsidiary of SWH Holdings, Inc.
(3) Wholly owned subsidiary of Senior Health Holdings, LLC
(4) Wholly owned subsidiary of Senior Health Holdings, Inc.
(5) Wholly owned subsidiary of AlphaCare Holdings, Inc.
(6) Wholly owned subsidiary of ConnectiCare Holding Company, Inc.
(7) Wholly owned subsidiary of ConnectiCare Capital, LLC
(8) Wholly owned subsidiary of ConnectiCare Insurance Company, Inc.
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Form S-8 No. 333-231385 and No. 333-286908) pertaining to the Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, 2019 Equity Incentive Plan and 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of our reports dated February 10, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Molina Healthcare, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Molina Healthcare, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2025.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 10, 2026
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Joseph M. Zubretsky, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2025 of Molina Healthcare, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Dated: February 10, 2026 | /s/ Joseph M. Zubretsky | |||||||
| Joseph M. Zubretsky | ||||||||
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | ||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Mark L. Keim, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2025 of Molina Healthcare, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Dated: February 10, 2026 | /s/ Mark L. Keim | |||||||
| Mark L. Keim | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Molina Healthcare, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”), I, Joseph M. Zubretsky, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| Dated: February 10, 2026 | /s/ Joseph M. Zubretsky | |||||||
| Joseph M. Zubretsky | ||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | ||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Molina Healthcare, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”), I, Mark L. Keim, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| Dated: February 10, 2026 | /s/ Mark L. Keim | |||||||
| Mark L. Keim | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||