Navigator Holdings Ltd 20-F for FY2025
Navigator Holdings Ltd. (NVGS)
20-F
2026-03-12
For: 2025-12-31
View Original
Added on
April 08, 2026
About this 20-F
Navigator Holdings Ltd filed this 20-F on March 12, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $586.96M
- up 3.6% from $566.68M a year earlier
- Net income
- $100.12M
- up 17.0% from net income of $85.57M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $1.47
- up 23.5% from $1.19 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
OR
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31 , 2025
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
OR
| SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
Date of event requiring this shell company report
Commission file number: 001-36202
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
c/o NGT Services (UK) Ltd
Telephone: +44 20 7340 4850
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Chief Financial Officer
Telephone: +44 20 7340 4850
Facsimile: +44 20 7340 4858
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on which Registered | ||||||||||||
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| ☒ | International Financial Reporting Standards as Issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ | Other | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||||
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
NAVIGATOR HOLDINGS LTD.
INDEX TO REPORT ON FORM 20-F
| PART I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| A. | Reserved | 1 | ||||||
| B. | 1 | |||||||
| C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds | 1 | ||||||
| D. | Risk Factors | 1 | ||||||
| Item 4. | 27 | |||||||
| A. | 28 | |||||||
| B. | 29 | |||||||
| C. | 48 | |||||||
| D. | 48 | |||||||
| Item 4A. | 49 | |||||||
| Item 5. | 49 | |||||||
| A. | 49 | |||||||
| B. | 57 | |||||||
| C. | 63 | |||||||
| D. | 63 | |||||||
| E. | 64 | |||||||
| Item 6. | 65 | |||||||
| A. | 65 | |||||||
| B. | 67 | |||||||
| C. | 70 | |||||||
| D. | 71 | |||||||
| E. | 71 | |||||||
| F. | 71 | |||||||
| Item 7. | 71 | |||||||
| A. | 72 | |||||||
| B. | 72 | |||||||
| C. | 73 | |||||||
| Item 8. | 73 | |||||||
| A. | 73 | |||||||
| B. | 73 | |||||||
| Item 9. | 73 | |||||||
| A. | 73 | |||||||
| B. | 73 | |||||||
| C. | 74 | |||||||
| D. | 74 | |||||||
| E. | 74 | |||||||
| F. | 74 | |||||||
| Item 10. | 74 | |||||||
| A. | 74 | |||||||
| B. | 74 | |||||||
| C. | 74 | |||||||
| D. | 75 | |||||||
| E. | 79 | |||||||
| F. | 79 | |||||||
i
| G. | 79 | |||||||
| H. | 79 | |||||||
| I. | 79 | |||||||
| J. | 79 | |||||||
| Item 11. | 79 | |||||||
| Item 12. | 80 | |||||||
| PART II | 80 | |||||||
| Item 13. | 80 | |||||||
| Item 14. | 80 | |||||||
| Item 15. | 80 | |||||||
| Item 16A. | 81 | |||||||
| Item 16B. | 81 | |||||||
| Item 16C. | 81 | |||||||
| Item 16D. | 82 | |||||||
| Item 16E. | 82 | |||||||
| Item 16F. | 83 | |||||||
| Item 16G. | 83 | |||||||
| Item 16H. | 83 | |||||||
| Item 16I. | 83 | |||||||
| Item 16J. | 83 | |||||||
| Item 16K. | 84 | |||||||
| PART III | 85 | |||||||
| Item 17. | 85 | |||||||
| Item 18. | Financial Statements | 85 | ||||||
| Item 19. | Exhibits | 86 | ||||||
Presentation of Information in this Annual Report
This annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025, or this “annual report,” should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this annual report. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this annual report to “Navigator Gas,” "Navigator Holdings," “our,” “we,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Navigator Holdings Limited., a Marshall Islands corporation. All references in this annual report to our wholly-owned subsidiary “Navigator Gas L.L.C.” refer to Navigator Gas L.L.C., a Marshall Islands limited liability company. As used in this annual report, unless the context indicates or otherwise requires, references to “our fleet” or “our vessels” include the 57 vessels we owned and operated as of December 31, 2025.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements
This annual report contains certain forward-looking statements concerning plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions related thereto, including our financial forecast and our investments, such as our newbuild vessels, joint ventures and co-investments, their respective terms and benefits, and their anticipated timing of completion and commercialization and our investments, such as our newbuild vessels, joint ventures and co-investments, their respective terms and benefits, and their anticipated timing of completion and commercialization. In addition, we and our representatives may from time to time make other oral or written statements that are also forward-looking statements. Such statements include in particular, statements about our plans, strategies, business prospects, changes and trends in our business and the markets in which we operate as described in this annual report. In some cases, you can identify the forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “forecast,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “propose,” “potential,” “continue,” “scheduled,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this annual report. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. The following are some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from anticipated results or events:
•future operating or financial results, including those from our joint ventures;
•potential acquisitions, vessel sales, joint ventures, business strategy and expected capital spending;
•operating expenses, availability of crew, number of offhire days, drydocking requirements and insurance costs;
•fluctuations in currencies and interest rates;
ii
•general market conditions and shipping market trends, including charter rates and factors affecting vessel supply and demand;
•our ability to continue to comply with all our debt covenants;
•our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to refinance our indebtedness as it matures or obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, newbuild vessels, and purchases of vessels, and for other corporate activities;
•future capital expenditures needed to preserve our capital base;
•the availability of vessels to purchase, the time it may take to construct new vessels or the useful lives of our vessels;
•our continued ability to enter into short-term or long-term, fixed-rate time charters or voyage charters with our customers;
•our vessels engaging in ship-to-ship transfers of cargoes, which may ultimately be discharged in sanctioned areas or to sanctioned individuals without our knowledge;
•the severity and duration of any world events and armed conflicts, including in Central or South America and the Russian-Ukraine war, conflicts in the Israel-Gaza region and conflict in the Middle East involving Iran and the Strait of Hormuz, and associated repercussions to supply and demand for oil and gas and the economy generally, as well as possible effects of trade disruptions;
•the severity and duration of any climate and weather related events;
•our ability to employ and retain suitably experienced commercial and technical staff;
•changes in governmental rules and regulations, including tariffs, taxes, trade restrictions, port fees, or other actions taken by regulatory authorities;
•the risk inherent in marine transportation, including any incident involving significant loss of product or environmental contamination attributable to any of our vessels;
•our ability to manage obligations, liabilities, or responsibilities, arising from any regulatory environment emission trading or compliance schemes.
•global epidemics or other health crises, including the impact on our business;
•liability from future litigation;
•our share repurchases and the payment of dividends to our shareholders including under any return of capital policy;
•our ability to maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures;
•failure of a key information technology system or process or exposure to fraud, security breaches or cyber-attacks;
•the impact of cyber crime and changing financial fraud environment;
•the financial performance of the Ethylene Export Terminal (as defined below) and our related Export Terminal Joint Venture (as defined below).
•our expectations about the receipt of newbuildings, by us and our joint ventures, and the timing of the receipt thereof;
•the financial performance of the Unigas Pool;
•whether the Company Redomiciliation (as defined below) is ultimately completed and the impacts thereof; and
•other factors discussed in “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors” of this annual report and the other reports and documents we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
All forward-looking statements included in this annual report are made only as of the date of this annual report. New factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from anticipated results or events emerge from time to time, and we can't predict all of these factors. Further, we cannot assess the impact of each such factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to be materially different from those contained in any forward-looking statement. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, whether because of future events, new information, a change in our views or expectations, or otherwise. We make no prediction or statement about the performance of our common stock.
iii
PART I
| Item 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers | ||||
Not applicable.
| Item 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | ||||
Not applicable.
| Item 3. | Key Information | ||||
| A. | [Reserved] | |||||||
| B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness | |||||||
Not applicable.
| C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds | |||||||
Not applicable.
| D. | Risk Factors | |||||||
You should carefully consider the following risk factors together with all of the other information included in this annual report in evaluating an investment in our common stock. If any of the following risks were actually to occur, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risk Factor Summary
The risk factors summarized and detailed below could materially and adversely affect our business, our financial condition, our operating results and the trading price of our common stock. These material risks include, but are not limited to, those relating to:
•Charter rates for liquefied gas carriers are cyclical with attendant volatility;
•Our financial performance depends in large part on the efficient deployment and utilization of our vessels;
•Future growth in the demand for our services will depend on changes in supply and demand, economic growth in the world economy and demand for petrochemical and liquefied petroleum gas transportation relative to changes in worldwide fleet capacity. Adverse economic, political, or social developments or other global financial turmoil, could have a material adverse effect on world economic growth and thus on our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Marine transportation is inherently risky. An incident involving significant loss of product or environmental contamination attributable to any of our vessels, the possibility of marine disasters including damage or destruction of a vessel due to natural disasters, accidents, the loss of a vessel due to piracy or terrorism, damage or destruction of cargo or similar events could adversely affect us;
•Restrictive covenants in our secured term loan facilities, revolving credit facilities and in our unsecured bonds impose, and any future debt facilities may impose, restrictions on us;
•The secured term loan facilities are reducing facilities. The required repayments under the secured term loan facilities may adversely affect us;
•We have substantial indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, meet our obligations, or pursue other business opportunities and may limit our ability to react to economic or industry changes;
•Our continuing ability to finance and refinance our debts and the availability and access to the debt and equity capital markets may be limited;
•We operate several of our vessels through the Unigas Pool. Failure by the Unigas Pool to find profitable employment for these vessels could adversely affect us;
•We may be unable to charter our vessels at attractive rates, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results;
•A significant portion of our revenues are generated from a limited number of customers;
1
•The demand for liquefied gases and the seaborne transportation of liquefied gases may not grow and could shrink;
•We receive, and may continue to rely on, government grants and public funding to support certain projects;
•The expected growth in the supply of petrochemical gases, including ethane and ethylene, available for seaborne transport may not materialize, which could deprive us of the opportunity to obtain attractive charters and charter rates;
•The market values of our vessels may decline if market conditions deteriorate. This could cause us to incur impairment charges, which could cause us to breach covenants in our debt facilities;
•Over the long-term, we will be required to make substantial capital expenditures to preserve the operating capacity of and to grow our fleet;
•We may be unable to make or realize the expected benefits from acquisitions and the failure to successfully implement our growth strategy through acquisitions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•From time to time, we may selectively pursue new strategic acquisitions or ventures we believe to be complementary to our seaborne transportation services, and any strategic transactions that are a departure from our historical operations could present unforeseen challenges and result in a competitive disadvantage relative to our more-established competitors;
•We may be unable to realize the expected benefits from our joint ventures;
•We periodically enter into joint ventures that require satisfactory performance by our joint venture partners, and any failure by our partners to fulfill their obligations or adequately participate in or operate the joint venture could adversely affect our business,financial condition, and operating results;
•Conflicts between countries, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, could restrict or prohibit our vessels from calling at certain ports or from trading with some of our customers which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•The U.S. and Chinese governments' service fees on the entry into U.S. and Chinese ports of vessels operated by maritime transport companies, which have been suspended until November 2026, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and operating results, if reimposed;
•The U.S. government's Maritime Action Plan could result in new trade, regulatory or industrial policy measures affecting foreign-built vessels, which could increase our costs and affect our operations;
•We are subject to licensing fees and charges associated with the transportation of ethane and ethylene, including fees for port access, terminal usage, and other government-imposed levies;
•We operate in many countries and regions which can expose us to political, governmental and economic instability, as well as tariffs and trade restrictions;
•Operating our vessels in sanctioned areas or chartering our vessels to sanctioned individuals or entities could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•We provide in-house technical management for certain vessels in our fleet which may impose significant additional responsibilities on our management and staff;
•We rely on third-party ship managers for the technical management of our vessels which may expose us to operational, compliance, and performance risks;
•A fluctuation in fuel prices may adversely affect our charter rates for time charters and our cost structure for voyage charters and COAs and consequently may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•The required drydocking of our vessels could have a more significant adverse impact on our revenues than we anticipate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Our operations are subject to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and FuelEU Maritime Regulation, which could impact our business and operating results;
•Our operating costs are likely to increase in the future as our vessels age, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•We have and may continue to sell vessels which can result in a profit or a loss on disposal and can impact our business and operating results;
•Ammonia-fueled engines and emerging propulsion technologies are new and can increase costs, be unpredictable, and increase operational risks;
2
•The loss of or inability to operate any of our vessels could result in a significant loss of revenues and cash flow which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Adverse global economic conditions and outbreaks of infectious diseases could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Due to our lack of vessel diversification, adverse developments in the seaborne liquefied gas transportation business could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•If in the future our business activities involve countries, entities or individuals that are subject to restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments, we could be subject to enforcement action and our reputation and the market for our common stock could be adversely affected;
•Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-bribery legislation in other jurisdictions could result in fines, criminal penalties or contract termination, and could have an adverse effect on our business;
•We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results;
•Our business is subject to laws and regulations regarding data privacy and data protection;
•Maritime claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow;
•A shortage of qualified officers or seafarers could make it more difficult to crew our vessels and increase our operating costs. If a shortage were to develop, it could impair our ability to operate and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Compliance with safety and other vessel requirements imposed by classification societies may be costly and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Delays in deliveries of newbuildings or acquired vessels, or deliveries of vessels with significant defects, could harm our operating results, affect our ability to finance the vessels, and lead to the termination of any related charters that may be entered into prior to their delivery;
•Our growth depends on our ability to expand relationships with existing customers and obtain new customers, for which we will face substantial competition;
•The marine transportation industry is subject to substantial environmental and other regulations, which may limit our operations and increase our expenses;
•Climate change concerns, greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental schemes, may adversely impact our operations and markets;
•Increased scrutiny from stakeholders and others regarding climate change, as well as our ESG practices and reporting responsibilities, could result in additional costs or risks and adversely impact our business and reputation;
•Changes in the law and regulations relating to the use of, or a decrease in the demand for, single use plastics and increased concerns or restrictions relating to waste plastics could adversely impact our business;
•Competition from larger or more technologically advanced liquefied gas carriers could reduce our charter hire income and the value of our vessels;
•Acts of piracy on any of our vessels or on other ocean going vessels could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results;
•Terrorist attacks, increased hostilities, piracy on ocean-going vessels, political change or war could lead to further economic instability, increased costs and disruption of business;
•Exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations may cause fluctuations in our cash flows and operating results;
•Our ability to extract cash from our subsidiaries, joint ventures and variable interest entities may be limited, and could adversely affect our liquidity, tax position and operating results;
•Our insurance may be insufficient to cover losses that may occur to our vessels or result from our operations;
•Any consolidated variable interest entity may enter into different financing arrangements, which could adversely affect our financial results;
•Changes in interest rates affect the interest rate payable under our credit facilities, which may adversely affect our financial results;
•The derivative contracts we have or may enter into to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates could result in higher interest rates and reductions in our shareholders’ equity, as well as charges against our income;
3
•Our continuing ability to finance and refinance our debts and the availability and access to the debt and equity capital markets may be limited;
•Our business depends upon certain key employees;
•We are a holding company, and we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations and pay dividends to our shareholders;
•We may issue additional equity securities without your approval, which could dilute your ownership;
•Future sales of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline;
•Ultranav and BW Group, two unrelated shareholders of the Company that, to our knowledge, act independently of each other, collectively, owned an aggregate of approximately 55.3% of our common stock as of December 31, 2025. Each may exert considerable influence on, and together they could control, actions requiring a shareholder vote, and they could acquire additional shares of our common stock, further reducing liquidity in the market;
•We have declared dividends in the past but we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid in the future, in any amount or at all;
•The obligations of being and remaining a public company require significant resources and management attention;
•If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and shareholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our common stock;
•We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs;
•As a Marshall Islands corporation our operations may be subject to economic substance requirements;
•We are incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body of corporate law;
•Because we are a Marshall Islands corporation, it may be difficult to serve us with legal processes or enforce judgments against us, our directors, or our management;
•Failure to timely complete the Company Redomiciliations (as defined below) could negatively affect the market price of our common stock;
•Provisions of our articles of incorporation and by-laws may have anti-takeover effects;
•We may be subject to additional taxes, which could adversely impact our business and financial results;
•U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. shareholders;
•We may have to pay tax on U.S. source gross transportation income with respect to the operation of our vessels, which could reduce our cash flow.
In addition, risks not presently known to us or risks that we currently deem immaterial could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and the trading price of our common shares.
Risks Related to Our Business
Charter rates for liquefied gas carriers are cyclical with attendant volatility.
The international liquefied gas carrier market is cyclical with attendant volatility in terms of charter rates, profitability and vessel values. The degree of charter rate volatility among different types of liquefied gas carriers has varied widely. Because many factors influencing the supply of, and demand for, vessel capacity are unpredictable, the timing, direction and degree of changes in the international liquefied gas carrier market are also unpredictable.
Our financial performance depends in large part on the efficient deployment and utilization of our vessels.
Our financial performance depends in large part on the efficient deployment and utilization of our vessels. Vessel utilization can be adversely affected by factors beyond our control, including fluctuations in global demand for shipping services, disruptions in trade routes, delays in charter contracts, vessel off-hire due to maintenance or repairs, regulatory inspections, and unforeseen operational events. Periods of low utilization can reduce our revenues and increase per-vessel operating costs. The shipping industry is highly cyclical, and the demand for vessel capacity can change rapidly due to economic conditions, geopolitical developments, and fluctuations in commodity or cargo flows. Inability to achieve targeted utilization levels could result in reduced revenue, lower profitability, and adverse effects on our financial condition and operating results.
4
Future growth in the demand for our services will depend on changes in supply and demand, economic growth in the world economy and demand for petrochemical and liquefied petroleum gas transportation relative to changes in worldwide fleet capacity. Adverse economic, political, or social developments or other global financial turmoil, could have a material adverse effect on world economic growth and thus on our business, financial condition and operating results.
The charter rates we receive will be dependent upon, among other things:
•changes in the supply of vessel capacity for the seaborne transportation of liquefied gases, which is influenced by the following factors, among other things:
•the number of newbuilding deliveries and the ability of shipyards to deliver newbuildings by contracted delivery dates and capacity levels of shipyards;
•the scrapping rate of older vessels;
•the number of vessels that are out of service, as a result of vessel casualties, repairs and drydockings;
•changes in technology, environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful lives of vessels;
•changes in liquefied gas carrier prices.
•changes in the level of demand for seaborne transportation of liquefied gases, which is influenced by the following factors, among other things:
•changes to the arbitrage of such liquefied gases in different countries, regions or continents;
•the level of production of liquefied gases in net export regions such as the United States of America;
•the level of demand for liquefied gases in net import regions such as Asia, Europe, Latin America and India;
•the level of internal demand for petrochemicals to supply integrated petrochemical facilities in net export regions;
•global demand for petrochemicals as influenced by ecological or environmental concerns about the use of single-use plastics and waste plastics;
•global or general industrial activity specifically in the plastics and chemical industry;
•changes in the cost of petroleum and natural gas from which liquefied gases are derived;
•prevailing global and regional economic conditions;
•political changes and armed conflicts in the regions traveled by our vessels and the regions where the cargoes we carry are produced or consumed that interrupt production, trade routes or consumption of liquefied gases and associated products;
•developments in international trade;
•the distances between exporting and importing regions over which liquefied gases are to be transported by sea;
•infrastructure to support seaborne liquefied gases, including pipelines, railways and terminals;
•the availability of alternative transportation means, including pipelines;
•changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns;
•changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the production or consumption of liquefied gases.
Adverse changes in any of the foregoing factors could have an adverse impact on our revenues, profitability, liquidity, cash flow and financial position.
Marine transportation is inherently risky. An incident involving significant loss of product or environmental contamination attributable to any of our vessels, the possibility of marine disasters including damage or destruction of a vessel due to natural disasters, accidents, the loss of a vessel due to piracy or terrorism, damage or destruction of cargo or similar events could adversely affect us.
5
The operation of an ocean-going vessel carries inherent risks. Our vessels and their cargoes and the LPG and petrochemical production and terminal facilities that we service are at risk of being damaged or lost because of events such as:
•marine disasters;
•human error;
•natural disasters and weather such as storms, flooding, and hurricanes;
•business interruption caused by mechanical failures;
•grounding, capsizing, fire, explosions, and collisions;
•war, terrorism, piracy on ocean-going vessels, cyber-attack;
•damage as a result of the foregoing or less drastic causes such as human error, cargo contamination, mechanical failure, grounding, fire, explosions and bad weather;
•environmental accidents as a result of the foregoing;
•risks to the onboard vessel management personnel as a result of the foregoing;
•business interruptions and delivery delays caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries, labor strikes or adverse weather conditions.
An accident involving any of our vessels could result in any of the following:
•death or injury to persons, loss of property, or damage to the environment and natural resources;
•higher than anticipated expenses, liabilities, or costs to recover any spilled cargo and to restore the ecosystem where the spill occurred;
•governmental fines, penalties, or restrictions on conducting business;
•higher insurance rates;
•loss of revenues;
•damage to our reputation and customer relationships generally.
Any of these circumstances or events could substantially increase our costs. For example, the costs of replacing a vessel or cleaning up a spill could substantially lower our revenues by taking vessels out of operation for long periods of time. The involvement of our vessels in a disaster or delays in delivery or loss of cargo may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel operator and cause us to lose business.
The total loss or damage of any of our vessels or cargoes could harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator. If we are unable to adequately maintain or safeguard our vessels, we may be unable to prevent any such damage, costs, or loss. Any of these circumstances, events, or conditions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Restrictive covenants in our secured term loan facilities, revolving credit facilities and in our unsecured bonds impose, and any future debt facilities may impose, restrictions on us.
The secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities and unsecured bonds impose, and any future debt facility may impose, operating and financial restrictions on us. The restrictions in the existing secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities and the unsecured bonds may limit our ability to, among other things:
•pay dividends out of operating revenues generated by the vessels securing indebtedness under the facility, redeem or repurchase any of our shares or pay dividends or make any other payment to our equity holders, if there is a default under any secured term loan facility, revolving credit facility or secured term loan and revolving credit facility;
•incur additional indebtedness, including through the issuance of guarantees;
•create liens on our assets;
•sell our vessels;
•merge or consolidate with, or transfer all or substantially all our assets to, another person;
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•change the flag, class or management of our vessels;
•enter into a new line of business.
The secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities require us to maintain various financial ratios. These include requirements that we maintain minimum liquidity levels and maintain specified ratios of net debt to total capitalization and outstanding principle amount to aggregate fair market value of the vessels. Under certain circumstances our lenders may require us to provide additional collateral. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities”, and “2024 Senior Unsecured Bonds” The failure to comply with such covenants could likely cause an event of default that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Certain of our secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities, bonds, and lease obligations prohibit a change of control (as defined in the agreements governing such facilities, bonds, and lease obligations) of the Company as well as require us to remain as a listed entity on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or another recognized stock exchange. If we breach any of these restrictions, our obligations become immediately repayable, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Because of these covenants, we may need to seek permission from our lenders to engage in some corporate actions. Our lenders’ interests may be different from ours, and we may not be able to obtain our lenders’ permission when needed. This may limit our ability to finance our future operations and make acquisitions or pursue business opportunities. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facility”.
The secured term loan facilities are reducing facilities. The required repayments under the secured term loan facilities may adversely affect us.
Loans under the secured term loan facilities are typically subject to quarterly repayments. Our ability to meet our repayment obligations depends on our future operating and financial performance, which will be affected by our ability to successfully implement our business strategy as well as general macroeconomic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. If we cannot generate sufficient cash to meet our repayment obligations, we may, among other things, need to refinance our loans, obtain additional financing, delay planned capital expenditures or investments or sell material assets to meet our repayment obligations. Any inability to satisfy our repayment obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We have substantial indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, meet our obligations, or pursue other business opportunities and may limit our ability to react to economic or industry changes.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $900.2 million of outstanding indebtedness, consisting of $762.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities and $138.2 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding of our unsecured bonds. Our indebtedness level could have important consequences, such as it could:
•impair our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes, or such financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all;
•make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, could result in an event of default under the agreements governing our indebtedness;
•result in a need for us to use a substantial portion of our cash from operations to make principal and interest payments on our debt, reducing the funds that could otherwise be available for operations and future business opportunities;
•increase our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry or competitive developments;
•limit our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions.
Our ability to meet our debt service and other obligations will depend upon, among other things, our financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic, financial, business and regulatory conditions, as well as other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If our operating results are not sufficient to service our current or future indebtedness and other obligations, it may have a material adverse impact on our business and operations.
Our continuing ability to finance and refinance our debts and the availability and access to the debt and equity capital markets may be limited.
The Company is reliant on our continuing ability to finance and refinance our debts and the availability and access to the debt and equity capital markets. In the event that the Company is unable to secure financing or refinancing in a timely manner it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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We operate several of our vessels through the Unigas Pool. Failure by the Unigas Pool to find profitable employment for these vessels could adversely affect us.
As of December 31, 2025, eight of our vessels are commercially managed by the Unigas Pool (the “Unigas Pool”). The Unigas Pool is an independently managed pool that has operated since 1969. On December 28, 2025, Happy Falcon was redelivered from the Unigas Pool and subsequently sold to an independent third party on January 28, 2026. Revenue is generated from time charters, voyage charters and COAs from the vessels in the pool and is allocated to the pool participants in accordance with agreed pool points. A sustained decline in the ability of the Unigas Pool to find employment for the vessels in the pool, a decline in charter or spot rates, or a loss of COAs by the Unigas Pool could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and our ability to meet our financing obligations.
We may be unable to charter our vessels at attractive rates, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
As of December 31, 2025 our fleet consisted of 57 vessels, some of which are employed in the spot market, exposing us to fluctuations in spot market charter rates.
Although spot chartering is common in our industry, the spot market may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. The successful operation of our vessels in the competitive spot market depends upon, among other things, obtaining profitable spot charters and minimizing, to the extent possible, time spent waiting for charters and time spent traveling in ballast and picking up cargoes. If future spot charter rates decline, we may be unable to operate our vessels in the spot market profitably or meet our obligations, including payments on indebtedness. Furthermore, as charter rates for spot charters are fixed for a single voyage or multiple voyages which may last up to several weeks or months, during periods in which spot charter rates are rising, we will generally experience delays in realizing the benefits from such increases.
Receipts from customers under our charters represent a substantial majority of our operating cash flow. Our time charters expire on a regular basis. If demand for liquefied gas carriers has declined at the time that our charters expire, we may not be able to charter our vessels at favorable rates or at all. If more vessels are added to the global fleet through newbuilding programs, charter rates may decline. In addition, while longer-term charters could become more attractive to us at a time when charter rates are declining, our customers may not want to enter into longer-term charters in such an environment. As a result, if our charters expire at a time when charter rates are declining, we may have to accept charters with lower rates or shorter terms than could be desirable. Furthermore, we may be unable to charter our vessels immediately after the expiration of their charters resulting in periods of non-utilization for our vessels. Our inability to charter our vessels at favorable rates or at all could adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
As of December 31, 2025, only one of the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels (as defined below) and both of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels (as defined below) are under charter. There is no assurance that we will be able to fix charters with respect to the remaining Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels prior to their delivery or that any such charters will be at favorable hire rates. Please read “—We may be unable to make or realize the expected benefits from acquisitions and the failure to successfully implement our growth strategy through acquisitions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.”
A significant portion of our revenues are generated from a limited number of customers.
We have derived, and believe that we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers. Our customers include major oil and gas companies, chemical companies, energy trading companies, state-owned oil companies and various other entities that depend upon marine transportation. The loss of any significant customer or a substantial decline in the amount of services requested by a significant customer, or the inability of a significant customer to pay for our services, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
The demand for liquefied gases and the seaborne transportation of liquefied gases may not grow and could shrink.
Our growth depends on continued growth in the world and regional demand for liquefied gases and the seaborne transportation of liquefied gases, each of which could be adversely affected by a number of factors, such as:
•increases in the demand for industrial and residential natural gas in areas linked by pipelines to producing areas, or the conversion of existing non-gas pipelines to natural gas pipelines in those markets;
•increases in demand for chemical feedstocks in net exporting regions, leading to less liquefied gases for export;
•decreases in the consumption of petrochemical gases;
•decreases in the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas (“LPG”) due to increases in its price relative to other energy sources or other factors making consumption of liquefied gas less attractive;
•the availability of competing, alternative energy sources, transportation fuels or propulsion systems;
•decreases in demand for liquefied gases resulting from changes in feedstock capabilities of petrochemical plants in net importing regions;
•changes in the relative values of hydrocarbon and liquefied gases;
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•a reduction in global industrial activity, especially in the plastics and petrochemical industries, particularly in regions with high demand growth for liquefied gas, such as Asia;
•adverse global or regional economic or political conditions, particularly in liquefied gas exporting or importing regions, which could reduce liquefied gas shipping or energy consumption;
•changes in governmental regulations, such as the elimination of economic incentives or initiatives designed to encourage the use of liquefied gases over other fuel sources;
•decreases in the capacity of petrochemical plants and crude oil refineries worldwide or the failure of anticipated new capacity to come online.
Reduced demand for liquefied gases and the seaborne transportation of liquefied gases could have a material adverse effect on our future growth and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We receive, and may continue to rely on, government grants and public funding to support certain projects.
We have received, and may continue to apply for and rely on, government grants, government assistance, or other forms of public financial support to fund certain projects, including environmental initiatives, vessel upgrades, research and development, and operational improvements. These programs are subject to extensive conditions, ongoing compliance requirements, budgetary constraints, and political or policy changes, and there is no assurance that such support will continue to be available on similar terms, if at all.
Because these grants can support a significant portion of project costs, the loss, reduction, or delay of government funding could require us to seek alternative financing on less favorable terms, postpone or scale back planned investments, or absorb additional expenses. Any such developments could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
The expected growth in the supply of petrochemical gases, including ethane and ethylene, available for seaborne transport may not materialize, which could deprive us of the opportunity to obtain attractive charters and charter rates.
Charter rates for petrochemical gas cargoes can be higher than those for other liquefied gases, with charter rates for ethylene and ethane historically commanding a premium due to the requirement for more complex vessels and a smaller global fleet of ethylene or ethane-capable vessels. While we believe that growth in production at petrochemical production facilities and regional supply and pricing arbitrage will create opportunities for us to transport petrochemical gas cargoes, including ethane and ethylene, factors that are beyond our control may cause the supply of petrochemical gases available for seaborne transport to remain constant or even decline. If the supply of petrochemical gases available for seaborne transport does not increase, we may not have the opportunity to obtain the increased charter rates associated with petrochemical gas cargoes, including ethane and ethylene, and our expectations regarding the growth of our business may not be met.
The market values of our vessels may decline if market conditions deteriorate. This could cause us to incur impairment charges, which could cause us to breach covenants in our debt facilities.
The market value of liquefied gas carriers fluctuates. The market values of our vessels may be subject to a potential significant decline depending on a number of factors including, among other things: energy and environmental efficiency of our vessels, general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry, prevailing charter rates, competition from other shipping companies, other modes of transportation, other types, sizes and age of vessels, shipyard capacity and the cost of newbuildings and applicable governmental regulations.
In addition, when vessel prices are considered to be low, companies not usually involved in shipping may make speculative vessel orders, thereby increasing the supply of vessel capacity, satisfying demand sooner and potentially suppressing charter rates.
Also, if the book value of a vessel is impaired due to unfavorable market conditions or a vessel is sold at a price below its book value, we could incur a loss that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We review our vessels for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the vessel may not be recoverable. When such indicators are present, the carrying amount of the vessel is tested for recoverability and we recognize an impairment loss if the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and excluding interest charges that will be recognized as an expense when incurred) expected to be generated by the vessel over its estimated remaining useful life is less than its carrying value. If we determine that a vessel’s undiscounted cash flows are less than its carrying value, we record an impairment loss equal to the amount by which its carrying amount exceeds its fair value. We cannot assure you that we will not recognize impairment losses on our vessels in the future.
Furthermore, our loan agreements have covenants relating to asset values, whereby if vessel values were to reduce to below those set out in the covenants, a breach could occur and could cause the loan amounts to be immediately repayable. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Over the long-term, we will be required to make substantial capital expenditures to preserve the operating capacity of and to grow our fleet.
We must make substantial capital expenditures over the long-term to maintain the operating capacity and expansion of our fleet to preserve our capital base.
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Drydocking expenditures can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year and could increase, amongst other things, as a result of changes in:
•the location and required repositioning of the vessel;
•the cost of labor and materials;
•the types of vessels in our fleet;
•the age of the vessels in our fleet;
•governmental regulations and maritime self-regulatory organization standards relating to safety, security or the environment;
•competitive standards;
•high demand for drydock usage.
Our ability to obtain bank financing, to access the capital markets for future debt or equity offerings and to finance the expansion of our fleet may be limited by our financial condition at the time of any such financing or offering as well as by adverse market conditions resulting from, among other things, general economic conditions and contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond our control. Our failure to obtain the funds for future capital expenditures could limit our ability to expand our fleet. Even if we are successful in obtaining necessary funds, the terms of such financings may significantly increase our interest expense and financial leverage and issuing additional equity securities may result in significant shareholder dilution. Please read “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity and Cash Needs.”
We may be unable to make or realize the expected benefits from acquisitions and the failure to successfully implement our growth strategy through acquisitions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our growth strategy may include selectively acquiring existing liquefied gas carriers or newbuildings and investing in complementary assets. Factors such as competition from other companies, who may have significantly greater financial resources than we do, could reduce our acquisition and investment opportunities or cause us to pay higher prices.
Any existing vessel or newbuilding we acquire (including the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels and the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels) may not be profitable at or after the time of acquisition or delivery and may not generate cash flow sufficient to cover the cost of acquisition. Market conditions at the time of delivery of any newbuildings may be such that charter rates are not favorable and the revenue generated by such vessels is not sufficient to provide satisfactory returns relative to their purchase prices.
In addition, our acquisition and investment growth strategy exposes us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results, including risks that we may:
•fail to realize anticipated benefits of acquisitions, such as new customer relationships, cost savings or increased cash flow;
•not be able to obtain charters at favorable rates or at all;
•be unable to hire, train or retain qualified shore and seafaring personnel to manage and operate our growing business and fleet;
•fail to integrate investments of complementary assets or vessels in capacity ranges outside our current operations profitably
•not have adequate operating and financial systems in place as we implement our expansion plan;
•decrease our liquidity through the use of a significant portion of available cash or borrowing capacity to finance acquisitions;
•significantly increase our interest expense or financial leverage if we incur additional debt to finance acquisitions;
•incur or assume unanticipated liabilities, losses or costs associated with the business or vessels acquired.
Unlike newbuildings, existing vessels typically do not carry warranties as to their condition. While we inspect existing vessels before purchase, such an inspection could normally not provide us with as much knowledge of a vessel’s condition as we could possess if it had been built for us and operated by us during its life. Repairs and maintenance costs for existing vessels are difficult to predict and may be substantially higher than for vessels we have operated since they were built. These costs could decrease our cash flow and reduce our liquidity.
From time to time, we may selectively pursue new strategic acquisitions or ventures we believe to be complementary to our seaborne transportation services, and any strategic transactions that are a departure from our historical operations could present unforeseen challenges and result in a competitive disadvantage relative to our more-established competitors.
We may pursue strategic acquisitions or investment opportunities we believe to be complementary to our core business of owning and operating liquefied gas carriers and the transportation of LPG, petrochemical gases and ammonia. Such ventures may include, but are not limited to, operating liquefied gas carriers in different size categories, expanding the types of cargo we carry and/or ventures or facilities involved in the export, distribution, mixing and/or
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storage of liquefied gas cargoes. While we have general knowledge and experience in the seaborne transportation services industry, we have limited operating history outside of the ownership and operation of liquified gas carriers and the transportation of petrochemicals, LPG and ammonia.
Any investments we pursue outside of our historical provision of seaborne transportation services could result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial and managerial resources that could otherwise be available for the ongoing operation and growth of our fleet.
We may face several factors that could impair our ability to successfully execute these acquisitions or investments including, among others, the following:
•delays in obtaining regulatory approvals, licenses or permits from different governmental or regulatory authorities, including environmental permits;
•unexpected cost increases or shortages in the equipment, materials or labor required for the venture, which could cause the venture to become economically unfeasible;
•unforeseen engineering, design or environmental problems.
Any of these factors could delay any such acquisitions or investment opportunities and could increase our projected capital costs. If we are unable to successfully integrate acquisitions or investments into our historical business, any costs incurred in connection with these projects may not be recoverable. If we experience delays, cost overruns, or changes in market circumstances, we may not be able to demonstrate the commercial viability of such acquisitions or investment opportunities or achieve the intended economic benefits, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We may be unable to realize the expected benefits from our joint ventures.
There are a number of factors that could impact our ability to benefit from our investments in our joint ventures, including the Ethylene Export Terminal as well the Amon Joint Venture.
These factors include, among others, the following with respect to the Ethylene Export Terminal:
•any inability of the Ethylene Export Terminal to operate due to operational issues;
•any inability of the Ethylene Export Terminal to operate due to adverse weather conditions or due to damage as a result of storms, flooding or other adverse weather events;
•any existing customers not renewing their contracts at the end of their existing terms, insufficient spot voyage demand for ethylene, or any inability of the Ethylene Export Terminal to otherwise maintain fully committed throughput.
In addition, our 50/50 joint venture partner in the Export Terminal Joint Venture is the sole managing member of the Export Terminal Joint Venture and is also the operator of the related Ethylene Export Terminal. The success of the 50/50 owned Export Terminal Joint Venture and the Ethylene Export Terminal is dependent on the successful management and operation thereof by the managing member and operator. Further, the managing member’s and operator’s interests may not be entirely aligned with our interests.
Further, the Amon Joint Venture is subject to similar risks as our business and our vessels.
We periodically enter into joint ventures that require satisfactory performance by our joint venture partners, and any failure by our partners to fulfill their obligations or adequately participate in or operate the joint venture could adversely affect our business,financial condition, and operating results.
We participate from time to time in joint ventures in which control may be shared with, or primarily exercised by, unaffiliated third parties. For example, our 50/50 joint venture partner in the Export Terminal Joint Venture is the sole managing member of the Export Terminal Joint Venture and is also the operator of the related Ethylene Export Terminal. As a result, the operational performance and financial success of the Export Terminal Joint Venture depend heavily on the managing member’s and operator’s ability to successfully manage, operate, and maintain the facility.
Where we do not have sole control, our ability to influence strategic decisions, operational practices, financial reporting, internal controls, compliance programs, and other key matters is limited. Our joint venture partners may have economic or business interests that diverge from, or conflict with, our own, and may take actions—or fail to take actions—that we could not take if we controlled the joint venture. In addition, differing governance rights or decision making thresholds may restrict our ability to cause a joint venture to take or refrain from taking certain actions.
If a joint venture partner fails to satisfactorily perform its obligations, does not comply with applicable laws or regulations, or is otherwise unable or unwilling to support the joint venture, the joint venture may be unable to perform its contracted services or meet its commercial and financial obligations. Under such circumstances, we may be required, or may determine it is commercially necessary, to provide additional capital contributions, operational support, guarantees, or other financial or performance commitments to protect our interests or preserve the joint venture’s operations. Any such additional obligations could reduce our profitability, result in losses with respect to the joint venture, or require us to assume operational or financial responsibilities that we did not anticipate.
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Operational or financial underperformance of a joint venture could also negatively impact our reputation and relationships with customers, counterparties, and other stakeholders. In more severe cases, disputes with our joint venture partners could arise, potentially leading to litigation, renegotiation of joint venture arrangements, or the inability to realize the expected benefits of the joint venture.
Conflicts between countries, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, could restrict or prohibit our vessels from calling at certain ports or from trading with some of our customers which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Since February 2022, Russia has been involved in an ongoing conflict with Ukraine, which, given its prolonged nature, could lead to wider regional and international conflicts. It is possible that such conflict could disrupt supply chains and cause instability in the global economy. Additionally, the ongoing conflict has resulted in the imposition of economic sanctions by, among others, the United States and the European Union against Russia. It is not possible to predict the broader or longer-term consequences of this conflict or the sanctions imposed to date, which could include further sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, security conditions, energy and fuel prices, currency exchange rates and financial markets. Such geopolitical instability and uncertainty could have a negative impact on our ability to charter and operate our vessels and call at certain ports based on trade restrictions, embargoes and export control law restrictions, and logistics restrictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
There could be restrictions or imposed prohibitions on our vessels from calling at certain ports, such as ports in the Black Sea where it is currently unsafe to enter.
We continue to employ both Russian and Ukrainian officers on board our vessels, albeit a reduced number since prior to the Ukrainian conflict. Although we have only experienced solidarity among our officers onboard our vessels and we have not experienced any operational issues with such officers, we continue to monitor this situation, as there may be governmental restrictions, logistical challenges or an inability to employ either or both nationalities in the future, which if unavailable in the future, could impair our ability to operate and increase the cost of crewing our vessels and, thus, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
The U.S. and Chinese governments' service fees on the entry into U.S. and Chinese ports of vessels operated by maritime transport companies, which have been suspended until November 2026, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and operating results, if reimposed.
In April 2024, the U.S. Trade Representative ("USTR") began an investigation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (“Trade Act”) into China’s targeting of the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors for dominance. On January 16, 2025, the USTR determined that China’s targeting of the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors for dominance is unreasonable and burdens or restricts U.S. commerce by undercutting business opportunities for investments in the U.S. maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors; restricts competition and choice; creates economic security risks from dependence and vulnerabilities in sectors critical to the functioning of the U.S. economy; and undermines supply chain resilience. As such, the USTR determined that China’s policies are actionable under Sections 301(b) and 304(a) of the Trade Act.
On April 17, 2025, the USTR announced a series of port fees to respond to China's targeting of maritime, logistics and shipbuilding sectors. These fees went into effect on October 14, 2025. This includes a port entry service fee on maritime transport operators of Chinese-built vessels that enter a U.S. port. A non-Chinese operator of a Chinese-built vessel will be charged the higher amount of either $18 per net tonnage (rising to $33 over three years) of the vessel or $120 per container (rising to $250 over three years) on the vessel, which will apply to individual U.S. port entry strings and will be assessed up to five times per vessel per year.
Connected with the application of these U.S. port entry service fees, on or around October 10, 2025, USTR announced certain exemptions, including for vessels that arrive at U.S. ports in ballast (without cargo), and for those vessels at or below a de minimus capacity of 55,000 deadweight tonnes and/or with an individual bulk capacity of 80,000 deadweight tonnes. We except all our vessels would fall under these exemptions.
On or around October 10, 2025, China announced measures against U.S. shipping in retaliation to the USTR Section 301 port fees against Chinese shipping interests. China proposed a similar fee structure as USTR but for U.S.-connected ships calling at Chinese ports (including those owned or operated by U.S. entities), i.e. an amount based on tonnage, payable per call. Fees were due to come into force on 14 October, as with USTR Section 301. Connected with the application of these Chinese port entry service fees, on or around October 10,2025, China announced certain exemptions, including for vessels that were built in China, or which enter Chinese ports in ballast (empty). China noted an additional category for other vessels granted exemption upon approval, though did not define the criteria. On the basis that we are not a U.S. shipping company, we do not expect to incur or pay these fees.
On October 30, 2025, the United States and China reached a deal on economic and trade relations that included China’s commitment to remove its retaliatory measures against U.S. responsive actions taken pursuant to the Section 301 investigation and remove sanctions imposed on various shipping entities. Under this deal, both the U.S. and China suspended their series of port fees in their entirety for a period of one year, starting on November 10, 2025. We own and operate a number of vessels that were built in China, thereby making entries of our vessels into U.S. ports potentially subject to service fees in the event the fees are reimposed.
Assuming we do not order or acquire additional vessels or sell any of the vessels in our current fleet, based on the anticipated size of our fleet following the completion and delivery of the Chinese-built Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels, our fleet is expected to consist of approximately 47% Chinese-built vessels.
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As such, in the event the Chinese or USTR port service fees are reimposed, modified, or replaced on or after November 10, 2026 and the exemptions as drafted do not apply, we could incur costs each time any of our Chinese-built vessels enters a U.S. port, or when any of our non-Chinese-built vessels enter a Chinese port. While our business includes transportation to and from ports outside of the U.S. and China, any entries of our Chinese-built vessels into U.S. ports or our non-Chinese-built vessels into a Chinese port could expose us to these new fees, including in relation to our Ethylene Export Terminal. If reimposed, these fees could amount to increased operating costs for us and could result in reduced business into U.S. or Chinese ports if the fees are passed along to our customers. These increased costs and/or reductions in U.S. or Chinese business could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
The U.S. government's Maritime Action Plan could result in new trade, regulatory or industrial policy measures affecting foreign-built vessels, which could increase our costs and affect our operations.
On February 13, 2026, the U.S. government released a Maritime Action Plan focused on revitalizing the U.S. maritime sector. Key pillars of the plan include increasing U.S. shipbuilding capacity, reforming workforce education and training, establishing maritime prosperity zones to bolster investment, and protecting the U.S. maritime industrial base and national security. The greater integration of national security priorities into maritime policy proposed in the plan may increase scrutiny of foreign operators and constrain commercial access. The plan aligns commercial shipbuilding and fleet composition with security objectives, which may lead to heightened regulatory oversight, additional security protocols, or new reporting expectations for international carriers.
The plan also calls for the potential imposition of a universal fee on foreign-built commercial vessels calling at U.S. ports, which would be assessed based on the weight of imported cargo arriving on such vessels. This plan does not appear to propose the imposition of fees on exports from the United States, only on imports to the United States. The implementation and potential magnitude of these proposed fees, as well as any measures that other countries may adopt in response, are currently unknown.
Given the potential magnitude of the measures described above and the many uncertainties surrounding their implementation, which are subject to Congressional action, we cannot predict the ultimate form or financial impact of any measures adopted pursuant to the Maritime Action Plan. However, the policy shifts proposed in the plan may alter trade patterns and capacity deployment in ways that could adversely impact our planning and earnings. Enhancements to U.S. maritime infrastructure and policy favoring U.S.-built or -flag vessel participation could negatively change routing economics and cargo allocations. Additionally, if a universal port fee or other similar measures are implemented in a manner that applies to vessels in our fleet, it could increase our operating costs, reduce margins on U.S.-related voyages, affect customer demand, or otherwise adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We are subject to licensing fees and charges associated with the transportation of ethane and ethylene, including fees for port access, terminal usage, and other government-imposed levies.
Our vessels rely on access to specific ports and terminals to load, discharge, and transport ethane and ethylene and other liquefied gases. Political or economic developments, trade restrictions, labor disputes, port congestion, environmental regulations, or other disruptions could limit our access to these facilities. Our operations may be affected by changes in international trade policies, sanctions, or restrictions imposed by governments on countries or entities with which we do business. Any of these developments could impair our ability to charter vessels, transport cargo, or enter into commercial agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We operate in many countries and regions which can expose us to political, governmental and economic instability, as well as tariffs and trade restrictions.
Our operations are conducted in many jurisdictions outside of the United States, and may be affected by economic, political and governmental conditions in the countries where we engage in business or where our vessels call or are are registered. Any disruption caused by these conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results including limiting future business or new commercial operations. We derive some of our revenues from transporting gas cargoes from, to and within politically unstable regions. Conflicts in these regions have included attacks on ships and other efforts to disrupt shipping. In addition, vessels operating in some of these regions have been subject to piracy. Hostilities or other political instability in regions where we operate or may operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Since October 2023, there has been significant military activity in the Middle East region. The recent military conflict in Iran could result in missile or drone attacks, the mining of sea lanes, blockades, seizure or detention of vessels, and will likely disrupt our ability to operate in and around the Arabian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz and adjacent regional waters. In addition, the Houthis, based in Yemen, have launched a number of attacks on vessels traversing the Red Sea and the U.S. response. The Red Sea is a vital maritime route for international trade and major shipping companies have announced suspensions of operations following these attacks. Although our operations in the region are not significant, the regional crisis is a source of uncertainty and there is a potential for a wider military conflict, including in places where we operate. The regional conflict could grow and bring about further disruption, instability and volatility, causing global economic instability and disruption of production and distribution of LPG, petrochemical gases and ammonia, which could result in reduced demand for our services. Further, increased regional conflict could impact our ability to charter and operate our vessels, cause us to incur increased costs, increase our insurance costs, and cause international currency markets to fluctuate. If international political instability and geopolitical tensions continue or increase in any region in which we do business, or in other regions, our business and operating results could be harmed.
In addition, tariffs, trade embargoes and other economic sanctions by the United States or other countries against countries where we operate or where our vessels call may limit, restrict or prohibit our trading activities with those countries, which could also harm our business. Finally, a government could
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requisition one or more of our vessels, which is most likely during a war or national emergency. Any such requisition could cause a loss of the vessel and could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
Operating our vessels in sanctioned areas or chartering our vessels to sanctioned individuals or entities could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We believe we comply fully with the various sanctions regimes around the world, not just the sanctions authorities of the United States, but also the relevant departments within the United Nations, European Union, the United Kingdom and other individual countries, as well as governmental institutions and agencies of those countries. Our vessels transport LPG and other liquefied petrochemical gases throughout the globe and we are vigilant in attempting to ensure that our vessels do not call to countries or ports or trade with persons that may be on any lists which restrict or inhibit such trade or relationship. Any actual or alleged violations could materially damage our reputation and our ability to do business.
Our vessels engage in hundreds of regular ship to ship transfers of LPG or petrochemical cargoes annually and these cargoes may ultimately be discharged in sanctioned areas or to sanctioned individuals without our knowledge. Although we believe that we have been in compliance with all applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations, and intend to maintain such compliance, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance in the future, particularly as the scope of certain laws may be unclear and may be subject to changing interpretations. Any such violation could result in fines, penalties or other sanctions that could severely impact the market for our common shares, our ability to access U.S. capital markets and conduct our business and could result in some investors deciding, or being required, to divest their interest, or not to invest, in us. Our charterers, or vessels to which we engage in ship to ship transfers of cargoes, may violate applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations as a result of actions that do not involve us and those violations could in turn negatively affect our reputation or the ability of our charterers to meet their obligations to us or result in fines, penalties or sanctions.
Furthermore, if any of our customers were to become a sanctioned entity, the charter party could end immediately and become void which could lead to one or more vessels being redelivered to us, ending what may be a long-term charter commitment.
We provide in-house technical management for certain vessels in our fleet which may impose significant additional responsibilities on our management and staff.
As of December 31, 2025 we provide in-house technical management for 38 of the 57 vessels in our current fleet. Providing in-house technical management for any vessel in our fleet may impose significant additional responsibilities on our management and staff. The cost of providing in-house technical management for those vessels may be higher than if they were managed by third party technical managers, as we may not generate economies of scale, compared to third party managers who may have hundreds of vessels under their management.
If we are not successful with respect to any vessel for which we provide in-house technical management, our reputation and ability to charter vessels may be negatively impacted, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We rely on third-party ship managers for the technical management of our vessels which may expose us to operational, compliance, and performance risks.
We outsource the technical management for 19 of the 57 vessels in our current fleet to external ship management companies. While this approach allows us to leverage specialized expertise and reduce internal administrative burdens, it also introduces risks associated with oversight, performance, and compliance. We depend on these third-party managers to provide services such as crewing, maintenance, repairs, dry-docking, procurement, safety management, and regulatory compliance. Any failure by a third-party manager to perform these services to required standards could result in operational disruptions, increased costs, off-hire time, breaches of charter obligations, or non-compliance with environmental, safety, and technical regulations and our reputation and ability to charter vessels may be negatively impacted, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
A fluctuation in fuel prices may adversely affect our charter rates for time charters and our cost structure for voyage charters and COAs and consequently may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
The price and supply of bunker fuel are unpredictable and fluctuate based on events outside our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for oil, actions by members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil producing countries and regions, regional production patterns and environmental concerns and regulations.
Bunker fuel is a significant expense for our vessels and can have a significant impact on our earnings. As bunker prices increase, our customers may be less willing to enter into time charters under which they bear the full risk of bunker fuel price increases or may shorten the periods for which they are willing to make such commitments. Under voyage charters and COAs we initially bear the cost of bunker fuel used to power our vessels until such time as we invoice our customers which could reduce our profitability and adversely affect our operating results.
The required drydocking of our vessels could have a more significant adverse impact on our revenues than we anticipate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our vessels require drydocking every five years until the age of 15 years and approximately every two and a half years thereafter. The drydocking of our vessels requires significant capital expenditure and results in loss of revenue while our vessels are offhire. Any significant increase in the number of days
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of offhire due to such drydocking or in the costs of any repairs could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Although we attempt to limit the number of vessels that will be out of service at any given time, this may not always be possible due to the number of vessels in our fleet, as we may underestimate the time required to drydock our vessels, or unanticipated problems may arise during drydocking. At December 31, 2025, 16 of our vessels were over the age of 15 years and will therefore require more regular drydocking.
Our operations are subject to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and FuelEU Maritime Regulation, which could impact our business and operating results.
The European Union has adopted and continues to implement extensive regulatory measures aimed at reducing greenhouse-gas emissions from maritime transport including the FuelEU Maritime Regulation ("Fuel EU"), the extension of the EU Emissions Trading System (“EU ETS”) to shipping, and various national and port-level requirements.
EU ETS is a market-based mechanism designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting a cap on total emissions and requiring companies to hold permits (or allowances) for each tonne of carbon dioxide they emit. The cost of acquiring additional allowances or the potential fines for non-compliance may increase over time. Such increased compliance costs could have a material adverse effect on our operating expenses, margins, and financial results.
Fuel EU aims to regulate and reduce greenhouse-gas emissions from maritime transport by imposing progressively stricter limits on the greenhouse-gas intensity of the energy used on board ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above. The requirements apply to all energy used while a vessel is in an EU port and to 50% of the energy used on voyages into or out of the EU, and 100% of the energy used on intra-EU voyages, regardless of the vessel’s flag. Fuel EU is fuel-neutral and does not prescribe specific fuels. It established annual reduction targets that began in 2025.
Failure to comply with and changes to the EU ETS and Fuel EU or the implementation of new regulations could have a significant impact on our business. These changes may include adjustments to the emission cap, and the introduction of additional greenhouse gas types. Significant regulatory changes could result in increased compliance costs and require us to alter our operations.
Our operating costs are likely to increase in the future as our vessels age, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
In general, the cost of maintaining a vessel in good operating condition increases with the age of the vessel. Older vessels are typically less fuel-efficient and more costly to maintain than newer vessels due to improvements in engine technology. If equipment on board becomes obsolete and it is not cost effective to repair it, such equipment could have to be replaced. Governmental or Class regulations, including energy and environmental efficiencies, safety, or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may also require expenditures for alterations, or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels to comply. These laws or regulations may also restrict the type of activities in which our vessels may engage or limit their operation in certain geographic regions. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels as profitably as our younger vessels during the remainder of their expected useful lives.
We have and may continue to sell vessels which can result in a profit or a loss on disposal and can impact our business and operating results.
We regularly evaluate our fleet and may decide to sell vessels based on, amongst other things, market conditions, age, technical condition, strategic considerations, or liquidity needs. The prices at which we are able to sell vessels are subject to significant volatility and depend on factors beyond our control, including, amongst other things, global shipping demand, freight rate expectations, newbuilding prices, availability of financing for buyers, regulatory developments, scrap steel prices, and the overall supply of comparable tonnage. Any prospective buyer must also not be a sanctioned person or undertake sanctioned activities and must pass our internal 'know your client' (KYC) checks, which may limit the pool of potential buyers of our vessels.
As a result, we may not be able to sell vessels at prices, or at all, that reflect their carrying values, and vessel sales may result in material gains or losses. Losses may occur if market values decline, if a vessel requires unanticipated repairs, or if regulatory changes reduce the suitability or demand for certain vessel types.
Ammonia-fueled engines and emerging propulsion technologies are new and can increase costs, be unpredictable, and increase operational risks.
The maritime industry is developing and commercializing ammonia-fueled engines and related propulsion technologies, and our strategy to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions may require investments in vessels or equipment that rely on these systems. There is no assurance that Ammonia-based marine fuels and their supporting technologies will perform as expected, be adopted widely, or become economically viable. Engine manufacturers, classification societies, and regulatory bodies are still finalizing standards for design, safety, bunkering, handling, and emissions. As a result, technical requirements, compliance obligations, and capital costs may increase materially and unpredictably.
Ammonia presents unique safety and operational risks, including toxicity, corrosiveness, and the potential for releases that could endanger crew, port personnel, or the environment. Operational protocols for storage, fuel containment, ventilation, and emergency response remain under development. Failure of new technology to perform reliably could result in vessel downtime, elevated maintenance costs, liability claims, regulatory penalties, or reputational harm. These risks apply, in particular, to our Amon Joint Venture, which intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic meter capacity ammonia-fueled liquefied ammonia carriers.
Investments in ammonia-fueled engines may also become obsolete if alternative decarbonization pathways or carbon-capture technologies prove more practical or cost-effective.
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The loss of or inability to operate any of our vessels could result in a significant loss of revenues and cash flow which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We do not carry loss of hire insurance. If, at any time, we cannot operate any of our vessels including due to mechanical problems, lack of seafarers to crew a vessel, prolonged drydocking periods, loss of certification, the loss of any charter or otherwise, our business, financial condition and operating results will be materially adversely affected. In the worst case, we may not receive any revenues because of the inability to operate any of our vessels, but we may be required to pay expenses necessary to maintain the vessel in proper operating condition.
Adverse global economic conditions and outbreaks of infectious diseases could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Adverse global economic conditions may negatively impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows in ways that we cannot predict. Adverse economic conditions may lead to a decline in our customers’ operations or ability to pay for our services, which could result in decreased demand for our vessels. There has historically been a strong link between the development of the world economy and the demand for energy, including liquefied gases. Global financial markets and economic conditions have been volatile in recent years and remain subject to significant vulnerabilities, including trade wars between the U.S. and China or others, the effects of volatile energy prices and continuing turmoil and hostilities in Russia, Ukraine, the Middle East, the Korean Peninsula, North Africa and other geographic areas. An extended period of adverse global economic conditions or a tightening of the credit markets could reduce the overall demand for liquefied gases and have a negative impact on us, or our customers. Any of these or similar potential developments, or market perceptions concerning these and related issues, could affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our operations are also subject to risks related to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Epidemics, pandemics or other health crises, similar to the prior outbreak of COVID-19, may negatively affect economic conditions or restrict the seaborne transportation of products, including LPG and petrochemical products.
Furthermore, a future economic slowdown could have an impact on our customers and/or suppliers including, among other things, causing them to fail to meet their obligations to us. Similarly, a future economic slowdown could affect lenders participating in our secured term loan and revolving credit facilities, making them unable to fulfill their commitments and obligations to us. Any reductions in activity owing to such conditions or failure by our customers, suppliers, or lenders to meet their contractual obligations to us could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Due to our lack of vessel diversification, adverse developments in the seaborne liquefied gas transportation business could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We rely primarily on the cash flow generated from vessels that operate in the seaborne liquefied gas transportation business. Unlike some other shipping companies, which have vessels that carry drybulk, crude oil and oil products, we depend exclusively on the transport of LPG, petrochemicals and ammonia. Due to our lack of diversification, an adverse development in the international liquefied gas shipping industry could have a significantly greater impact on our business, financial condition and operating results than it could if we maintained a more diverse fleet of vessels.
If in the future our business activities involve countries, entities or individuals that are subject to restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments, we could be subject to enforcement action and our reputation and the market for our common stock could be adversely affected.
The tightening of U.S. sanctions in recent years has affected non-U.S. companies. In particular, sanctions against Iran have been significantly expanded. In 2012, the U.S. signed into law the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“TRA”), which placed further restrictions on the ability of non-U.S. companies to do business or trade with Iran and Syria. A major provision in the TRA is that issuers of securities must disclose to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in their annual and quarterly reports if the issuer or “any affiliate” has “knowingly” engaged in certain activities involving Iran during the timeframe covered by the report. This disclosure obligation is broad in scope in that it requires the reporting of activity that could not be considered a violation of U.S. sanctions as well as violative conduct and is not subject to a materiality threshold. The SEC publishes these disclosures on its website and the President of the United States must initiate an investigation in response to all disclosures. Recently, the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC") has increased sanctions on non-U.S. entities deemed to be facilitating Iran’s petroleum and petrochemical trade, which has led to a growing number of sanctions designations and penalties against shipping companies and vessels.
In addition to the sanctions against Iran, the U.S. also maintains sanctions that target other countries, entities and individuals. Although non-U.S. persons generally are not subject to these sanctions, they can be held liable if they engage in transactions completed in part in the United States or by U.S. persons (for example, by wiring an international payment that clears through a U.S. financial institution). In addition, the U.S. maintains certain indirect, or secondary, sanctions that provide authority for the imposition of U.S. sanctions on non-U.S. persons that engage in certain sanctionable conduct that need to be considered by non-U.S. companies. It should also be noted that other governments have implemented versions of U.S. sanctions.
We believe that we are in compliance with all applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations imposed by the U.S., the United Nations, European Union countries and the United Kingdom and we intend to maintain such compliance. However, there can be no assurance that we will comply in the future, particularly as the scope of certain laws may be unclear and may be subject to changing interpretations. Violations of U.S. sanctions via transactions with a U.S. jurisdictional nexus can result in substantial civil or criminal penalties. A range of sanctions may be imposed on non-U.S. companies that engage in sanctionable activities within the scope of U.S. secondary sanctions, up to and including the blocking of any property subject to
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U.S. jurisdiction in which the sanctioned Company has an interest, which effectively results in a prohibition on transactions or dealings involving securities of the sanctioned Company or the sanctioned Company losing access to the U.S. financial system.
Any such violation could also result in fines or other penalties and could result in some investors deciding, or being required, to divest their interest, or not to invest, in our common stock. Additionally, some investors may decide to divest their interest, or not to invest, in our common stock simply because we may do business with companies that do business in sanctioned countries. Investor perception of the value of our common stock may also be adversely affected by the consequences of war, the effects of terrorism, civil unrest and governmental actions in these and surrounding countries.
Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-bribery legislation in other jurisdictions could result in fines, criminal penalties or contract termination, and could have an adverse effect on our business.
We operate in several countries throughout the world, including countries known to have a reputation for corruption. We are committed to doing business in accordance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics. We are subject, however, to the risk that we, our affiliated entities or our or their respective officers, directors, employees and agents may take actions determined to be in violation of anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. Any such violation could result in substantial fines, sanctions, civil and/or criminal penalties, curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions, and might adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition either temporarily or permanently. In addition, actual or alleged violations could damage our reputation and ability to do business. Furthermore, detecting, investigating, and resolving actual or alleged violations is expensive and could consume significant time and attention of our senior management.
In February 2025, as part of an investigation into allegations of corruption, Muhamad Kerry Adrianto and certain other business partners and executives of PT Pertamina (Persero), Indonesia's state-owned energy company (“Pertamina”), were arrested by Indonesian authorities. The allegations relate to the mismanagement of crude oil and oil refinery products at Pertamina between 2018 and 2023. The legal proceedings linked with the investigation by local authorities relating to nine individuals concluded in February 2026, with all nine defendants being found guilty. Mr. Adrianto was given a custodial sentence of 15 years, a fine of around $60,000 and an order to pay compensation of approximately $173 million. On March 5, 2026, Mr. Adrianto lodged an appeal to his sentence with the High Court in Indonesia and we continue to monitor developments.
Mr Adrianto served as a director of PTNK, our Indonesian joint venture, until September 2025 when he was replaced as a director of PTNK.
We continue to believe that the events surrounding Mr. Adrianto will not have a material impact on the Company or our operations.
On December 31, 2025, two unencumbered vessels in our fleet and approximately $39.5 million cash, which is recorded as restricted cash, were owned by PTNK. The vessels were previously on time charter for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas within Indonesia, the last and most recent of which expired by its terms in February 2025.
We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results.
We rely on information technology systems and networks in our operations, and those of our third-party vendors, suppliers and other business partners, including processing, transmitting and storing electronic and financial information, communication with our vessels and the administration of our business. Information systems are vulnerable to security breaches by cyber terrorists and our operations could be targeted by individuals or groups seeking to sabotage or disrupt our information technology systems and networks, or to steal data. A successful cyber-attack could materially disrupt our operations, including the safety of our operations, or lead to unauthorized access, release or alteration of information on our systems or the systems of our service providers, vendors or customers. Any such attack or other breach of our information technology systems, or those of our third party service providers or customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, our reputation, or cash flows. In addition, the unavailability of the information systems or the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated including any failure in disaster recovery plans or data backups for us or our third-party technical managers for any reason could disrupt our business. We may be required to incur significant additional costs to remediate, modify or enhance our information technology systems or to try to prevent any such attacks.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has been accompanied by cyber-attacks against the Ukrainian government and other countries in the region. It is possible that these attacks could have collateral effects on additional critical infrastructure and financial institutions globally, which could adversely affect our operations. Further, we or our customers or suppliers may be subject to retaliatory cyberattacks perpetrated by Russia, state-sponsored groups or other supporting groups in response to economic sanctions and other actions taken against Russia as a result of its invasion of Ukraine. It is difficult to assess the likelihood of such threat and any potential impact, but it could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance or reconnaissance, may remain undetected for an extended period. Our systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks may not be sufficient. As cyberattacks continue to evolve, including those leveraging artificial intelligence, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. In addition, new laws and regulations governing data privacy, cybersecurity, and the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate costs, and any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in significant penalties and legal.
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Our business is subject to laws and regulations regarding data privacy and data protection.
The regulatory environment relating to data privacy and data protection is constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. Laws and regulations governing data privacy and the unauthorized collection, processing or disclosure of personal information, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation and a growing number of U.S. state laws and regulations such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate our costs. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with applicable data privacy and data protection laws could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase the costs and complexity of compliance, and adversely affect our business. As noted above, we are also subject to the possibility of cyber-attacks, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws. Finally, if we acquire a company that has violated or is not in compliance with applicable data privacy and data protection laws, we may incur significant liabilities and penalties as a result.
Maritime claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo, cargo receivers and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against one or more of our vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lienholder may enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay large sums to have the arrest lifted.
In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the “sister ship” theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel that is subject to the claimant’s maritime lien and any “associated” vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could try to assert “sister ship” liability against all of the vessels in our fleet for claims relating to only one of our ships. The arrest of any of our vessels could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
A shortage of qualified officers or seafarers could make it more difficult to crew our vessels and increase our operating costs. If a shortage were to develop, it could impair our ability to operate and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our liquefied gas carriers require technically skilled officers with specialized training. As the global liquefied gas carrier fleet and the liquefied natural gas, or “LNG,” carrier fleet grows, the demand for such technically skilled officers increases and could lead to a shortage of such personnel. If we or our crewing managers were to be unable to employ such technically skilled officers, including as a result of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia and government responses thereto, we or they could not be able to adequately staff our vessels and effectively train crews. The development of a shortage of technically skilled officers or an inability of us or our crewing managers to attract and retain such qualified officers could impair our ability to operate and increase the cost of crewing our vessels and, thus, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Please read “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Crewing.”
Compliance with safety and other vessel requirements imposed by classification societies may be costly and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society authorized by its country of registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations and in accordance with the country of registry of the vessel and the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS).Our vessels are enrolled with either Lloyds Register or DNV.
As part of the certification process, a vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys and special surveys. A vessel’s machinery is subject to a continuous survey cycle, under which the machinery could be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. All of the vessels in our existing fleet operate a planned maintenance system, or “PMS,” and as such the classification society attends on-board once every year to survey on-board equipment, ensuring all equipment subject to survey, is surveyed once in every five year period. Each of the vessels in our fleet must conduct an underwater hull survey two times every five years. One survey must be completed while dry docked and the other may be an in-water survey in lieu of a dry dock. The in-water survey must be performed by an approved diving company in the presence of a surveyor from the classification society. Vessels older than 15 years old must dry dock at each hull survey.
If any vessel does not maintain its class and/or fails any annual survey, intermediate survey or special survey, the vessel will be unable to trade between ports and will be unemployable. This could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Delays in deliveries of newbuildings or acquired vessels, or deliveries of vessels with significant defects, could harm our operating results, affect our ability to finance the vessels, and lead to the termination of any related charters that may be entered into prior to their delivery.
We have entered into agreements to construct the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels and the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, and we may purchase or order additional vessels from time to time. Delivery of any new vessel on order or under construction could be delayed, not completed or cancelled, which could delay or eliminate our expected receipt of revenues from any employment of any such vessels. The delivery of any acquired vessel or newbuilding with substantial defects could have similar consequences.
Our receipt of newbuildings (including the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels and the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels) could be delayed because of many factors, including:
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•quality or engineering problems;
•changes in governmental regulations or maritime self-regulatory organization standards;
•work stoppages or other labor disturbances at the shipyard;
•material problems, bankruptcy, or other financial crisis of the shipbuilder or the provider of any refund guarantee;
•hostilities or political or economic disturbances in the locations where the vessels are being built;
•weather interference or catastrophic event, such as a major earthquake or fire;
•our requests for changes to the original vessel specifications;
•shortages of, or delays in the receipt of necessary construction materials, such as steel or suitable skilled shipyard workers;
•our inability to obtain sufficient financing for the purchase of the vessels or to make timely payments;
•our inability to obtain requisite permits or approvals.
We do not typically carry delay of delivery insurance to cover any losses that are not covered by delay penalties in our construction contracts or any purchase contracts. As a result, if delivery of a vessel is materially delayed, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our growth depends on our ability to expand relationships with existing customers and obtain new customers, for which we will face substantial competition.
The process of obtaining new charters is highly competitive, generally involves an intensive screening process and competitive bids, and often extends for several months or even years. Contracts are awarded based upon a variety of factors, including:
•the shipowner’s industry relationships, experience and reputation for customer service, quality operations and safety record;
•the competitiveness of the bid in terms of the vessel’s overall economics;
•the quality, experience and technical capability of the crew;
•the age, type, capability and versatility of our vessels;
•the shipowner’s willingness to accept operational risks pursuant to the charter, such as allowing termination of the charter for force majeure events.
We expect substantial competition for providing seaborne transportation services from a number of experienced companies. As a result, we may be unable to expand our relationships with existing customers or to obtain new customers on a profitable basis, if at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
The marine transportation industry is subject to substantial environmental and other regulations, which may limit our operations and increase our expenses.
Our operations are affected by extensive and changing environmental protection laws and other regulations and international treaties and conventions, including those relating to equipping and operating vessels and vessel safety. These include the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or “OPA 90,” the U.S. Clean Water Act, the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 and regulations of the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”), including the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, as from time to time amended and generally referred to as the "CLC", the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1975, as from time to time amended and generally referred to as "MARPOL", the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution of 1973, the IMO International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974, as from time to time amended and generally referred to as "SOLAS", the IMO International Convention on Load Lines of 1966, as from time to time amended, the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, or the “ISM Code,” the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, generally referred to as the "Bunker Convention", and the European Union 2015 Regulation on the monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial expenses in complying with these laws and regulations, including expenses for vessel modifications and changes in operating procedures. Additional laws, regulations, treaties and conventions may be adopted that could limit our ability to do business or further increase costs, which could harm our business. In addition, failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in administrative and civil penalties, criminal sanctions or the suspension or termination of operations.
In addition, we believe that the heightened environmental, quality and security concerns of the public, regulators, insurance underwriters and charterers will generally lead to additional regulatory requirements, including enhanced risk assessment and security requirements, greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels in the marine transportation markets and possibly restrictions on the emissions of greenhouse gases from the operation of vessels. These requirements are likely to add incremental costs to our operations and the failure to comply with these requirements may affect the ability
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of our vessels to obtain and, possibly, collect on insurance or to obtain the required certificates for entry into the different ports where we operate. Please read “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Environmental and Other Regulation” for a more detailed discussion on these topics.
Climate change concerns, greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental schemes, may adversely impact our operations and markets.
Due to concern over the risk of climate change, a number of countries and the IMO have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gases from vessel emissions. These regulatory measures may include, among others, adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased energy efficiency standards and incentives or mandates for renewable energy. Additionally, laws and/or a treaty may be adopted in the future that includes restrictions on shipping emissions. Compliance with changes in laws and regulations relating to climate change could increase our costs of operating and maintaining our vessels, increase the cost of newbuilds, and could require us to make significant financial expenditures that we cannot predict with certainty at this time.
Adverse effects upon the oil and gas industry relating to climate change, including growing public concern about the environmental impact of climate change, may also have an effect on demand for our services and our vessels. For example, increased regulation of greenhouse gases or other concerns relating to climate change may reduce the demand for oil and gas in the future or create greater incentives for use of alternative energy sources. Our customers may also limit the age of vessels that they charter as a result of changes in environmental laws or emission standards, resulting in shortened estimated useful lives of our vessels. Any long-term material adverse effect on the oil and gas industry or customer preference for younger vessels could have a significant financial and operational adverse impact on our business that we cannot predict with certainty at this time.
Over the past several years, changing weather patterns and climatic conditions have added to the unpredictability and frequency of natural disasters in certain parts of the world, including regions in which we operate or intend to operate, and have created additional uncertainty as to future weather trends and associated impacts. Our Ethylene Export Terminal is situated in Houston, Texas, along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Climate change is expected to have adverse physical impacts on this geographical region and necessary mitigation measures could therefore be required. There are a range of climatic events that could cause a significant impact on our Ethylene Export Terminal. For example, rising sea levels induced by thermal expansion and the continued melting of polar ice caps may halt operations in the long-term in the event of coastal erosion or severe local flooding. Extreme weather events, such as the hurricanes witnessed in 2020 and the ‘Texas freeze’ of February 2021 could become more frequent and/or of higher intensity. While there is a marginal degree of predictability, the dynamic and fast-moving nature of climate change will continue to present a significant operational and financial risk over the short- and long-term as more frequent disasters mean less time to prepare for and recover from each one. Further, we cannot predict whether or to what extent damage that may be caused by natural events, such as hurricanes, monsoons and other severe or catastrophic storms, will cause damage to our vessels and disruption to our operations and cause other adverse financial and operational impacts, including impacts on our customers. In particular, if one of the regions in which our vessels are operating is impacted by such a natural catastrophe in the future, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Increased scrutiny from stakeholders and others regarding climate change, as well as our ESG practices and reporting responsibilities, could result in additional costs or risks and adversely impact our business and reputation.
Increased scrutiny from investors, lenders, regulators, and other stakeholders regarding climate change and ESG practices could result in additional costs, operational constraints, or reputational damage, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, or share price. Companies across industries are increasingly expected to demonstrate compliance with evolving ESG standards, and failure to meet investor or stakeholder expectations, even absent legal requirements, could harm our reputation and access to capital.
The SEC has heightened its focus on climate-related disclosure. In 2021, the SEC established a Climate and ESG Task Force to identify ESG-related misconduct and proposed rules requiring public companies, including foreign private issuers, to disclose climate-related information. In March 2024, the SEC adopted the Final Rule on the Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors (the “Final Rule”), though litigation challenging the rule is pending before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, and its ultimate outcome remains uncertain. State-level ESG disclosure requirements in the U.S., including greenhouse gas reporting obligations beginning in 2026, and international initiatives such as the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (“CSRD”) and related European Sustainability Reporting Standards (“ESRS”), may also require extensive reporting irrespective of the federal rulemaking outcome.
The International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) has implemented and continues to propose regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. These include the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (“EEXI”), the Carbon Intensity Indicator (“CII”), the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (“SEEMP”), restrictions on the use of heavy fuel oil in Arctic waters, and other measures under the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy. Non-compliance could require vessel retrofits, operational adjustments, or temporary removal of vessels from service, which may result in increased costs or lost revenue. Further, proposed international measures, including a potential marine greenhouse gas pricing mechanism and contributions to a GHG Strategy Implementation Fund, could impose additional obligations.
Compliance with both mandatory and voluntary ESG frameworks, such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”), the International Sustainability Standards Board (“ISSB”), and the Carbon Disclosure Project (“CDP”), may increase reporting costs and expose us to reputational risk if our disclosures or performance are perceived as inadequate. Additionally, commitments by us or our customers to reduce emissions or decarbonize operations may require significant capital expenditures and vessel modifications.
Investor focus on ESG issues, including divestment initiatives targeting fossil fuels or increased scrutiny of environmental performance, may affect our ability to access capital or maintain customer and supplier relationships. We align certain corporate responsibility activities with the United Nations
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Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”) and publish an annual ESG Report; however, evolving expectations for ESG performance and reporting could increase costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and access to capital.
Changes in the law and regulations relating to the use of, or a decrease in the demand for, single use plastics and increased concerns or restrictions relating to waste plastics could adversely impact our business.
There is public concern surrounding the accumulation of plastics in the environment and, as a result, concerning the use of single use plastics more generally. Plastics are derived or manufactured largely from the petrochemical gases that we transport. Such public concern could reduce consumer demand for plastic products and result in laws and regulations restricting the use of plastics, which could limit or reduce the demand and need for petrochemical gases to be transported and could have a significant adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Competition from larger or more technologically advanced liquefied gas carriers could reduce our charter hire income and the value of our vessels.
The charter rates and the value and operational life of a vessel are determined by several factors including the vessel’s efficiency, operational flexibility and physical life. Efficiency includes fuel consumption, speed and the ability to be loaded and discharged quickly. Flexibility includes the ability to enter ports, utilize related docking facilities and pass through canals and straits. The length of a vessel’s physical life is related to the original design and construction, maintenance, and the impact of the stress of operations. If new liquefied gas carriers are built that are more energy and environmentally efficient or use alternative fuels for propulsion and, as a result, have greater speed, consume less fuel, or have lower greenhouse gas emissions, or are more flexible or have longer physical lives than our vessels, competition from these more technologically advanced liquefied gas carriers could adversely affect demand for our vessels, the charter rates we receive for our vessels once their current charters are terminated, and the resale value of our vessels. As a result, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Acts of piracy on any of our vessels or on other ocean going vessels could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Acts of piracy have historically affected ocean-going vessels trading in regions of the world such as the South China Sea, the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia, and West Africa. If such piracy attacks result in regions in which our vessels are deployed being named on the Joint War Committee Listed Areas, war-risk insurance premiums payable for such coverage could increase significantly and such insurance coverage might become more difficult to obtain. In addition, crew costs, including costs that may be incurred to the extent we employ on-board security guards, could increase in such circumstances. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, detention or hijacking as a result of an act of piracy against our crew or vessels could require a significant amount of management time negotiating the release of crew members or the vessel and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Terrorist attacks, increased hostilities, piracy on ocean-going vessels, political change or war could lead to further economic instability, increased costs and disruption of business.
Terrorist attacks may adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, ability to raise capital, and future growth. The continuing hostilities in Ukraine, the Middle East and elsewhere may spread and lead to additional armed conflicts or to further acts of terrorism and civil disturbance in the United States or elsewhere, which may contribute further to economic instability and disruption of production and distribution of LPG, petrochemical gases and ammonia, which could result in reduced demand for our services.
In addition, petrochemical production and terminal facilities and vessels that transport petrochemical products could be targets of future terrorist attacks. Any such attacks could lead to, among other things, bodily injury or loss of life, vessel or other property damage, increased vessel operational costs, including insurance costs, and the inability to transport gases to or from certain locations. Terrorist attacks, piracy, war or other events beyond our control that adversely affect the distribution, production or transportation of gases to be shipped by us could entitle customers to terminate our charters, which could harm our cash flow and business. In addition, the loss of a vessel as a result of terrorism or piracy could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations may cause fluctuations in our cash flows and operating results.
Substantially all of our cash receipts are in U.S. Dollars, although some were in Indonesian Rupiah resulting from our joint venture operations that were conducted in Indonesia. Certain disbursements, including some vessel operating expenses and general and administrative expenses, are in the foreign currencies invoiced by the supplier, principally the Euro, the Danish Kroner and the British Pound Sterling. We remit funds in the various currencies invoiced. We convert the non-U.S. Dollar invoices received and their subsequent payments into U.S. Dollars when the transactions occur. This mismatch between the currency of receipts and payments may result in fluctuations if the value of the U.S. Dollar changes relative to such other currencies.
Our ability to extract cash from our subsidiaries, joint ventures and variable interest entities may be limited, and could adversely affect our liquidity, tax position and operating results.
A significant portion of our operations and cash generation is conducted through subsidiaries, joint ventures and variable interest entities. Cash and balances held within these entities are subject to local laws, regulations, contractual arrangements, and approvals that may restrict or delay distributions to the Company, including dividends, intercompany loans, or other upstream payments. Our ability to extract cash depends on our continued compliance with local corporate, tax and foreign exchange laws and regulations, as well as the cooperation of joint venture partners and counterparties.
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If we are unable to extract cash from our entities as anticipated, we may be required to rely more heavily on external financing, retain excess cash locally, incur additional tax liabilities, or reassess the carrying value of our investments. Any of these outcomes could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, operating results and ability to return capital to shareholders.
Our insurance may be insufficient to cover losses that may occur to our vessels or result from our operations.
We carry insurance to protect us against most of the accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business, including marine hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, which includes pollution risks, crew insurance and war risk insurance. We may not be able to adequately insure against all risks, and any particular claim may not be paid by insurance. None of our vessels are insured against loss of revenues resulting from vessel offhire time. In addition, as a member of protection and indemnity associations, we may be required to make additional payments over and above budgeted premiums if members’ claims exceed association reserves.
We may be unable to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates in the future during adverse market conditions. Changes in the insurance markets attributable to war, terrorist attacks, or piracy may also make certain types of insurance more expensive or more difficult to obtain. In addition, the insurance may be voidable by the insurers as a result of certain actions, such as vessels failing to maintain certification with applicable maritime self-regulatory organizations. Any uninsured or under insured loss could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Any consolidated variable interest entity may enter into different financing arrangements, which could adversely affect our financial results.
Refer to "Note 10. Variable Interest Entities" to our consolidated financial statements. For a description of our current financing arrangements including those of the VIE, please read “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” The funding arrangements negotiated by the VIE could adversely affect our financial results.
Changes in interest rates affect the interest rate payable under our credit facilities, which may adversely affect our financial results.
Amounts borrowed under our existing credit facilities bear interest at an annual rate ranging from 1.70% to 2.47% above the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). Increases in SOFR rates affect the amount of interest payable on amounts that we borrow under our credit facilities, and may increase further, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
The derivative contracts we have or may enter into to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates could result in higher interest rates and reductions in our shareholders’ equity, as well as charges against our income.
We have entered into certain floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps and we may enter into further swaps for the purposes of managing our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates applicable to indebtedness under our secured term loan and revolving credit facilities which were advanced at floating rates based on SOFR. However, our hedging strategies may not be effective and we may incur substantial losses if interest rates move materially differently from our expectations.
To the extent our derivative contracts do not qualify and are not treated as hedges for accounting purposes, we recognize fluctuations in the fair value of such contracts in our statements of operations. In addition, changes in the fair value of derivative contracts, even those that qualify for treatment as hedges, will be recognized as derivative assets or liabilities on our balance sheet and can affect compliance with the covenant requirements in our secured term loan facilities. In addition, we may have to cash collateralize unrealized losses on these derivatives, thus reducing our liquidity covenants’ headroom. The unrealized gains or losses relating to changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments do not impact our cash flows. However, our financial condition could also be materially adversely affected to the extent we do not hedge our exposure to interest rate fluctuations under our financing arrangements under which loans have been advanced at a floating rate based on SOFR.
Any hedging activities we engage in may not effectively manage our interest rate exposure or have the desired impact on our financial conditions or operating results.
Our continuing ability to finance and refinance our debts and the availability and access to the debt and equity capital markets may be limited.
The Company is reliant on our continuing ability to finance and refinance our debts and the availability and access to the debt and equity capital markets. In the event that the Company is unable to secure financing or refinancing in a timely manner it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our business depends upon certain key employees.
Our future success depends to a significant extent upon certain members of our senior management team who have substantial experience in the shipping industry and with the Company and are crucial to the development of our business strategy and to the growth and development of our business. In the event of the loss of any of these individuals, we may be unable to recruit replacement individuals with the equivalent talent and experience, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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We are a holding company, and we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations and pay dividends to our shareholders.
We are a holding company and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to satisfy our financial obligations and pay dividends to our shareholders depends on our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. The ability of a subsidiary to make these distributions could be affected by a claim or other action by a third-party, including a creditor, or by the Republic of the Marshall Islands law, which regulates the payment of dividends and distributions by entities formed thereunder.
In addition, under our secured term loan facilities, Navigator Gas L.L.C., our wholly-owned subsidiary, our vessel-owning subsidiaries that are parties to the secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities and our Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture may not make distributions to us out of operating revenues from vessels securing indebtedness thereunder, redeem any shares or make any other payment to our shareholders if an event of default has occurred and is continuing. Please read “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—".
The inability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
We may issue additional equity securities without your approval, which could dilute your ownership.
We may issue additional shares of common stock or other equity or equity-linked securities without the approval of our shareholders, subject to certain limited approval requirements of the NYSE. Among other things, although we do not currently intend to issue any new shares of common stock to finance the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels and the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, we may finance all or a portion of the acquisition price of any future vessels that we agree to purchase or build, or any other acquisitions, through the issuance of additional shares of common stock. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation, which became effective on November 5, 2013, authorize us to issue up to 400,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 65,250,444 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The issuance by us of additional shares of common stock or other equity or equity-linked securities of equal or senior rank will have the following effects:
•our shareholders’ proportionate ownership interest in us will decrease;
•the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding share may be diminished; and
•the market price of the common stock may decline.
Future sales of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of our shares of common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, may depress the market price for our common stock. These sales could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities in the future. Ultranav International ApS, a wholly owned subsidiary of Naviera Ultranav Dos Limitada (“Ultranav”) and BW Group, our principal shareholders, owned 32.49% and 22.82% of our common stock respectively, as of March 12, 2026. In the future,Ultranav or BW Group may elect to sell large numbers of shares which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Ultranav and BW Group, two unrelated shareholders of the Company that, to our knowledge, act independently of each other, collectively, owned an aggregate of approximately 55% of our common stock as of December 31, 2025. Each may exert considerable influence on, and together they could control, actions requiring a shareholder vote, and they could acquire additional shares of our common stock, further reducing liquidity in the market.
Ultranav and BW Group are two unrelated shareholders of the Company that to our knowledge act independently of each other with respect to decisions regarding their respective ownership interests. However, collectively Ultranav and BW Group own an aggregate of approximately 55% of our common stock (approximately 32.49% and 22.82% respectively, as of March 12, 2026). Accordingly, individually, either of such shareholders may exert considerable influence on actions requiring a shareholder vote and, collectively, they could control all or nearly all such actions. The interests of these shareholders may be different from your interests. They may vote in favor of, for instance, a proposed business combination (or in favor of any corporate action requiring a shareholder vote) potentially in a manner, at a time, at a price, or on other terms and conditions that our other shareholders do not otherwise support or find desirable. Further, while we are not aware of any agreement or intention of Ultranav and BW Group to vote together on the shares of our common stock owned by them on any matter on which our shareholders are entitled to vote, there is no assurance that such agreement or intention will not be reached in the future (in which case, their combined voting power could enable them to control all or nearly all such matters). We have entered into an investor rights agreement with each of Ultranav and BW Group, which provides, among other things, each of Ultranav and BW Group with the right to designate two members of the board of directors of Navigator (provided that they maintain certain ownership levels in the Company) and with certain registration rights and informational rights. Ultranav has exercised its director designation right. BW Group does not have any designees on our Board but could elect to do so in the future, assuming they continue to satisfy the ownership level requirements.
If either Ultranav and BW Group were to acquire additional shares of our common stock, it could further reduce liquidity in the market for our common stock, as well as further increase their respective influence on and their potential ability to collectively control shareholder actions.
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We have declared dividends in the past but we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid in the future, in any amount or at all.
While we have recently declared and paid quarterly dividends in line with our Return of Capital Policy, we are not required to pay dividends and any determination to pay dividends and the timing and amount of any such dividend in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, business conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our liquidity, profits, capital expenditures and commitments, market prospects, investment opportunities, the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of dividends to shareholders, the terms and restrictions of our existing and future credit facilities, other debt agreements, and other contractual restrictions. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive only such dividends as our board of directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. The Republic of Marshall Islands laws generally prohibit the payment of dividends other than from surplus or while a company is insolvent or could be rendered insolvent by the payment of such a dividend. We may not have sufficient surplus (or otherwise be in compliance with relevant entity laws with respect to dividends and distributions) in the future to allow us to pay dividends to our common shareholders and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient funds or surplus to make distributions to us.
The shipping industry is highly volatile, and we cannot predict with certainty the amount of cash, if any, that will be available for distribution as dividends to our common stockholders in any period. Also, there may be a high degree of variability from period to period in the amount of cash that is available for the payment of dividends to our common stockholders.
We may incur expenses or liabilities or be subject to other circumstances in the future that reduce or eliminate the amount of cash that we have available for distribution as dividends to our common stockholders, including as a result of the risks described in this annual report. Our growth strategy contemplates that we will primarily finance potential acquisitions of additional vessels through debt financings or the net proceeds. If financing is not available to us on acceptable terms, our board of directors may determine to finance or refinance acquisitions with cash from operations, which could reduce the amount of any cash available for the payment of dividends to our common stockholders.
We can give no assurance that dividends will be paid in the future in any amount or at all.
The obligations of being and remaining a public company require significant resources and management attention.
As a public company in the United States, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the “Exchange Act,” and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act,” the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual and current reports with respect to our business, financial condition and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we establish and maintain effective internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. We have made, and will continue to make, changes to our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and accounting systems to meet our reporting obligations as a public company. However, the measures we continue to take may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a public company.
In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to continue to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative costs and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business, whereby our financial condition, operating results and cash flow could be adversely affected.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and shareholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.
Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing we conduct in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or any testing conducted by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changes to our consolidated financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Ineffective internal control could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, limit our ability to access capital markets or require us to incur additional costs to improve our internal control and disclosure control systems and procedures, which could harm our business and have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities.
We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs.
We are a “foreign private issuer,” as such term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and related rules and regulations. Under Rule 405, the determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
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In the future, we could lose our foreign private issuer status if a majority of our shareholders, directors or management are U.S. citizens or residents and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC which are more detailed and extensive than the forms used by a foreign private issuer. For example, the annual report on Form 10-K requires domestic issuers to disclose executive compensation information on an individual basis with specific disclosure regarding the domestic compensation philosophy, objectives, annual total compensation (base salary, bonus, equity compensation) and potential payments in connection with change in control, retirement, death or disability, while the annual report on Form 20-F, including this annual report, permits foreign private issuers to disclose compensation information on an aggregate basis. We could also have to comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders could become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies or lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers.
As a Marshall Islands corporation our operations may be subject to economic substance requirements.
The Council of the European Union, or the "Council", routinely publishes a list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, which includes countries that the Council believes need to improve their legal framework and to work towards compliance with international standards in taxation. E.U. member states have agreed upon a set of measures that they can choose to apply against listed countries, including, inter alia, increased monitoring and audits, withholding taxes and non-deductibility of costs, and although we are not aware of any such measures being adopted they can be adopted by one or more E.U. members states in the future. E.U. legislation prohibits E.U. funds from being channeled or transited through entities in non-cooperative jurisdictions.
We are a Marshall Islands corporation with our principal office in London. Several of our subsidiaries are organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Liberia. The Marshall Islands has enacted economic substance regulations with which we are obligated to comply. The Marshall Islands economic substance regulations require certain Marshall Islands entities that are not otherwise tax resident outside of the Marshall Islands that carry out particular activities to comply with a three-part economic substance test whereby each of those entities must show that it (i) is directed and managed in the Marshall Islands in relation to that relevant activity, (ii) carries out core income-generating activity in relation to that relevant activity in the Marshall Islands (although it is being understood and acknowledged by the regulators that income-generating activities for shipping companies will generally occur in international waters) and (iii) having regard to the level of relevant activity carried out in the Marshall Islands has (a) an adequate amount of expenditures in the Marshall Islands, (b) adequate physical presence in the Marshall Islands and (c) an adequate number of qualified employees in the Marshall Islands. If we fail to comply with our obligations under such legislation or any similar law applicable to us in any other jurisdictions, we could be subject to financial penalties and disclosure of information to foreign tax officials, or could be struck from the register of companies, in related jurisdictions. Any of the foregoing could be disruptive to our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We do not know (i) whether the Marshall Islands or Liberia will be added to the list of non-cooperative jurisdictions, and, if so, how quickly they would be removed, (ii) how quickly the E.U. could react to any changes in legislation of the relevant jurisdictions, or (iii) how E.U. member states, E.U. banks or other counterparties will react while we or any of our subsidiaries remain as entities organized and existing under the laws of listed countries. The effect of the E.U. list of non-cooperative jurisdictions, and any noncompliance by us with any legislation adopted by applicable countries to achieve removal from the list, including economic substance regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We are incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body of corporate law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of incorporation and by-laws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or the “BCA.” The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. However, there have been few judicial cases in the Republic of the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in certain U.S. jurisdictions. Shareholder rights may differ as well. While the BCA does specifically incorporate, with respect to non-resident entities like us, the non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling shareholders than could shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction.
Because we are a Marshall Islands corporation, it may be difficult to serve us with legal processes or enforce judgments against us, our directors, or our management.
We are a Marshall Islands corporation, and a substantial portion of our assets and several of our executive offices are located outside of the United States. A majority of our directors and officers are non-residents of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of these non-residents are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States if you believe that your rights have been infringed under securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and of other jurisdictions may prevent or restrict you from enforcing a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers for these types of actions.
There is substantial doubt that the courts of the Republic of the Marshall Islands could (1) enter judgments in original actions brought in those courts predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws; or (2) recognize or enforce against us or any of our officers, directors or experts, judgments of courts of
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the United States predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws. The Republic of the Marshall Islands does not have a general bankruptcy statute or general statutory mechanism for insolvency proceedings.
Failure to timely complete the Company Redomiciliations (as defined below) could negatively affect the market price of our common stock.
The Company in 2026 intends to seek shareholder approval in connection with a potential change in its corporate domicile from the Marshall Islands to England and Wales (the “Company Redomiciliation”). In connection with the Company Redomiciliation, the Company also has plans to redomicile various of its subsidiaries to England and Wales and / or Denmark and has formed new English and Danish subsidiaries and plans to move applicable assets of its various subsidiaries to the newly formed entities (the “Subsidiary Redomiciliations” and, together with the Company Redomiciliation, the “Redomiciliations”). The Company expects that the Redomiciliations will better align the Company’s corporate structure with its current and future business activities and financing plans.
Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has not yet approved the Company Redomiciliation, which will also need to be put before a meeting of the Company’s shareholders. If shareholder approval of the Company Redomiciliation is received and the Redomiciliations are ultimately completed, we do not expect that the Redomiciliations will have a material impact on our employees, our day-to-day business and operations, or our services to customers. We do not yet know when the Company Redomiciliation will be presented to the Company's shareholders, if at all. However, we have been working to present the matter to the Company's shareholders at our next Annual General Meeting, which we expect to take place in or around June 2026.
Nothing in this report should be construed as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities in connection with the potential Redomiciliations, nor an agreement or promise that any redomiciliation will occur, nor is it a solicitation of any vote, consent or approval in connection with the potential Company Redomiciliation.
If the planned Company Redomiciliation is not completed on the expected schedule, or if the planned Company Redomiciliation is not completed at all, trading in our common stock could be negatively affected. The market prices of our common stock currently and in the period prior to completion of the Company Redomiciliation (or failing to complete the Company Redomiciliation) may reflect a market assumption that the Company Redomiciliation will be completed. If the Company Redomiciliation is not completed, this could result in a negative perception by the stock market of the Company generally and a decline in the market price of our common stock.
Provisions of our articles of incorporation and by-laws may have anti-takeover effects.
Several provisions of our articles of incorporation, which are summarized below, may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of our board of directors to maximize shareholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire our company. However, these anti-takeover provisions could also discourage, delay or prevent the merger or acquisition of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise that a shareholder may consider in its best interest and the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Blank Check Preferred Stock. Under the terms of our articles of incorporation our board of directors has the authority, without any further vote or action by our shareholders, to issue up to 40,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. Our board could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could dilute the voting power or rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us or the removal of our management and may harm the market price of our common stock.
Election of Directors. Our articles of incorporation provide that the directors will be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, except in the event of his or her death, resignation, removal, or the earlier termination of his or her term of office. Our articles of incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Our bylaws provide that, with a few exceptions, shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of their proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, to be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be received at our principal executive office not less than 90 days or more than 120 days before the first-anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders. Our bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a shareholder’s notice. These provisions may impede a shareholder’s ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of shareholders or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.
Limited Actions by Shareholders. Our bylaws provide that only the board of directors may call special meetings of our shareholders and the business transacted at the special meeting is limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Risk Related to Taxation
In addition to the following risk factors, please read “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Taxation of the Company” and “Item 10—Additional Information—Taxation” for a more complete discussion of the expected material U.S. federal income tax considerations and non-U.S. income tax considerations relating to us and the ownership and disposition of our common stock.
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We may be subject to additional taxes, which could adversely impact our business and financial results.
We and our subsidiaries are subject to tax in the jurisdictions in which we or our subsidiaries are organized or operate. In computing our tax obligations in these jurisdictions, we are required to consider various tax accounting and reporting positions on matters that are not entirely free from doubt and for which we have not received rulings from the governing authorities. Upon review of these positions, the applicable authorities may disagree with our positions. A successful challenge by a tax authority could result in additional tax being imposed on us or our subsidiaries. In addition, changes in our operations or ownership could result in additional tax being imposed on us or our subsidiaries in jurisdictions in which operations are conducted, or deemed to be conducted, which could adversely impact our business and financial results.
Moreover, tax laws, regulations and administrative practices in the jurisdictions in which we or our subsidiaries are organized or operate may be subject to significant change. For example, the United States enacted the Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”) on August 16, 2022. The IRA imposes, among other things, a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax on the adjusted financial statement income of certain taxpayers and a 1% excise tax on certain corporate stock repurchases occurring after December 31, 2022. In addition, the United States enacted the legislation commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) on July 4, 2025. The OBBBA includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting corporations, including,
among other things, the permanent reinstatement of the “bonus” depreciation provisions that allow for the immediate expensing of 100% of the cost of certain qualified property acquired and placed in service after January 19, 2025, and the modification of certain international tax provisions effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025. We expect that the tax law changes under the IRA and OBBBA will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results going forward, but we are continuing to evaluate them.
U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. shareholders.
A non-U.S. entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be treated as a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC,” for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year in which at least 75% of its gross income consists of “passive income” or at least 50% of the average value of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, “passive income”. For the purposes of these tests, “passive income” includes dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property, and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties that are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For the purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does not constitute “passive income”. U.S. shareholders of a foreign corporation that are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during their holding period are subject to a disadvantageous U.S. federal income tax regime with respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from the PFIC, and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their interests in the PFIC.
Based on our current and projected method of operation we believe that we were not a PFIC for any prior taxable year, and we expect that we will not be treated as a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year. We believe that more than 25% of our gross income for each taxable year was or will be non-passive income, and more than 50% of the average value of our assets for each such year was or will be held for the production of such non-passive income. This belief is based on certain valuations and projections regarding our assets and income, and its validity is conditioned on the accuracy of such valuations and projections. While we believe such valuations and projections to be accurate, no assurances can be given that our assumptions and conclusions will continue to be accurate at any time in the future.
Moreover, there are legal uncertainties involved in determining whether the income derived from our time-chartering activities constitutes rental income or income derived from the performance of services. In Tidewater Inc. v. United States, 565 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 2009), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, or the “Fifth Circuit,” held that income derived from certain time-chartering activities should be treated as rental income rather than services income for purposes of a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code,” relating to foreign sales corporations. In that case, the Fifth Circuit did not address the definition of passive income or the PFIC rules; however, the reasoning of the case could have implications as to how the income from a time charter could be classified under such rules. If the reasoning of the case were extended to the PFIC context, the gross income we derive from our time-chartering activities may be treated as rental income, and we could likely be treated as a PFIC. In published guidance, the Internal Revenue Service, or “IRS,” stated that it disagreed with the holding in Tidewater and specified that time charters similar to those at issue in that case should be treated as service contracts. We have not sought, and we do not expect to seek, an IRS ruling on the treatment of income generated from our time-chartering activities. As a result, the IRS or a court could disagree with our position. No assurance can be given that this result will not occur. In addition, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to each taxable year, we cannot assure shareholders that the nature of our operations will not change in the future and that we will not become a PFIC in the future. If the IRS were to determine that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year (and regardless of whether we remain a PFIC for subsequent taxable years), our U.S. shareholders could face adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. Please read “Item 10—Additional Information—Taxation—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences—U.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders—PFIC Status and Significant Tax Consequences” for a more detailed discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. shareholders if we are treated as a PFIC.
We may have to pay tax on U.S. source gross transportation income with respect to the operation of our vessels, which could reduce our cash flow.
Under the Code, “U.S. source gross transportation income” (as defined below) of a non-U.S. corporation is generally subject to a 4% U.S. federal income tax without allowance for deductions, unless an exemption from tax applies under a tax treaty or Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. U.S. source gross transportation income consists of 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves, that is attributable to transportation that either begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States.
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If a non-U.S. corporation satisfies the requirements of Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, it will not be subject to the 4% U.S. federal income tax referenced above on its U.S. source gross transportation income. The Section 883 exemption does not apply to income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States.
We believe that with respect to the operation of our vessels, we satisfied the requirements to qualify for an exemption from U.S. tax on our U.S. source gross transportation income imposed by Section 883 of the Code for 2025, we expect that we will be able to satisfy those requirements for 2026 and future taxable years, and we expect to take this position for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes. However there are factual circumstances, some of which are beyond our control, that could cause us to lose the benefit of this exemption. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will qualify for this exemption for the current or any future year. If we fail to qualify for this exemption in any taxable year, U.S. source gross transportation income earned by us and our subsidiaries will generally be subject to a 4% U.S. federal income tax and could adversely impact our business and financial results. For a more detailed discussion of Section 883 of the Code, the rules relating to exemptions under Section 883 and our ability to qualify for an exemption, please read “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Taxation of the Company—U.S. Taxation”.
In addition to our U.S. source gross transportation income, we expect to generate U.S. taxable income as a result of the operations of our Ethylene Export Terminal. Our U.S. corporate subsidiary that owns our interest in the Ethylene Export Terminal will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (generally at a rate of 21%) on its 50% share of any net income from the Ethylene Export Terminal, and U.S. withholding tax rules will apply to dividends paid by such U.S. corporate subsidiary to its shareholder.
| Item 4. | Information on the Company | ||||
| A. | History and Development of the Company | |||||||
General
Navigator Holdings Limited., which is also commercially known as Navigator Gas, was formed in 1997 as an Isle of Man public limited company for the original purpose of building and operating a fleet of five semi-refrigerated, ethylene-capable liquefied gas carriers. In March 2008, we redomiciled as a corporation in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and we maintain our principal executive offices at 10 Bressenden Place, London, SW1E 5DH, United Kingdom. Our telephone number at that address is +44 20 7340 4850. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Puglisi & Associates and its address is 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, Delaware, 19711.
In November 2013, we completed our initial public offering of 13,800,000 shares of our common stock, comprising 9,030,000 new shares of common stock and certain selling shareholders offered 4,770,000 shares of common stock.
In August 2021, we issued 21,202,671 shares of our common stock to Naviera Ultranav Limitada as consideration for the acquisition of the fleet and businesses of Ultragas ApS (“Ultragas” and such transaction, the “Ultragas Transaction”). As of December 31, 2025, we had 65,250,444 shares of our common stock outstanding. Please see “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.”
As of December 31, 2025 we own and operate 57 liquefied gas carriers, including the world's largest fleet of handysize liquefied gas carriers. We also own a 50% share in an ethylene export marine terminal at Morgan’s Point, Texas (the “Ethylene Export Terminal”) through a joint venture (the "Export Terminal Joint Venture"). The Ethylene Export Terminal throughput capacity is approximately 1.55 million tons per annum.
The Company in 2026 intends to seek shareholder approval in connection with a potential change in its corporate domicile from the Marshall Islands to England and Wales (the “Company Redomiciliation”). In connection with the Company Redomiciliation, the Company also has plans to redomicile various of its subsidiaries to England and Wales and / or Denmark and has formed new English and Danish subsidiaries and plans to move applicable assets of its various subsidiaries to the newly formed entities (the “Subsidiary Redomiciliations” and, together with the Company Redomiciliation, the “Redomiciliations”). The Company expects that the Redomiciliations will better align the Company’s corporate structure with its current and future business activities and financing plans.
Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has not yet approved the Company Redomiciliation, which will also need to be put before a meeting of the Company’s shareholders. If shareholder approval of the Company Redomiciliation is received and the Redomiciliations are ultimately completed, we do not expect that the Redomiciliations will have a material impact on our employees, our day-to-day business and operations, or our services to customers. We do not yet know when the Company Redomiciliation will be presented to the Company's shareholders, if at all. However, we have been working to present the matter to the Company's shareholders at our next Annual General Meeting, which we expect to take place in or around June 2026.
Nothing in this report should be construed as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities in connection with the potential Redomiciliations, nor an agreement or promise that any redomiciliation will occur, nor is it a solicitation of any vote, consent or approval in connection with the potential Company Redomiciliation.
Our shares of common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “NVGS.”
A copy of this Annual Report on Form 20-F can be obtained, free of charge, on our website at www.navigatorgas.com, or by writing to our principal executive office. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file
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electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Information contained on any website referenced in this Annual Report on Form 20-F is not incorporated by reference herein.
| B. | Business Overview | |||||||
We play a vital role in the liquefied gas supply chain for energy companies, industrial consumers and commodity traders, with our sophisticated vessels providing an efficient and reliable ‘floating pipeline’ between the parties. We carry LPG for major international energy companies, state-owned utilities and reputable commodities traders. LPG, which consists of propane and butane, is a relatively clean alternative energy source with more than 1,000 applications, including as a heating, cooking and transportation fuel, and as a petrochemical and refinery feedstock. LPG is a by-product of oil refining and natural gas extraction and shale gas, principally from the U.S.
We also carry petrochemical gases for numerous industrial users. Petrochemical gases, including ethylene, propylene, butadiene and vinyl chloride monomer, are derived from the cracking of petroleum feedstocks such as ethane, LPG and naphtha and are primarily used as raw materials in various industrial processes like the manufacture of plastics, vinyl, and rubber, with a wide application of end uses. Our vessels also carry ammonia for the producers of fertilizers, a main use of ammonia for the agricultural industry, and for ammonia traders.
Our Fleet and Terminal Assets
On December 31, 2025 we were the owner and operator of 57 liquefied gas carriers, which includes the world’s largest fleet of handysize liquefied gas carriers. We also own a 50% share in an ethylene export marine terminal at Morgan’s Point, Texas on the Houston Ship Channel (the “Ethylene Export Terminal”) through a joint venture (the “Export Terminal Joint Venture”).
As of December 31, 2025 our liquefied gas carrier fleet consists of 43 semi- or fully-refrigerated handysize liquefied gas carriers, which we define as those with capabilities between 15,000 and 24,999 cubic meters, or “cbm”; we have five larger 37,300 – 38,000 cbm midsize liquefied gas carriers; five 12,000 cbm ethylene carriers and four smaller 3,770 –9,000 cbm semi-refrigerated liquefied gas carriers. Of our total fleet of 57 liquefied gas carriers, 26 are ethylene or ethane capable.
Our 43 handysize liquefied gas carriers typically transport LPG on short or medium routes that may be uneconomical for smaller vessels and can call at ports that are unable to support larger vessels due to limited onshore capacity, absence of fully-refrigerated loading infrastructure and/or vessel size restrictions. These handysize liquefied gas carriers are amongst the largest semi-refrigerated vessels in the world, which also makes them capable of transporting petrochemicals on long routes, typically intercontinental.
On October 14, 2025, the Company increased its ownership interest in the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture from 60% to 75.1% through the acquisition of an additional 15.1% interest for total cash consideration of $16.8 million.
On July 17, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into a joint venture agreement with Amon Gas Holdings AS ("Amon Gas"). The joint venture, Navigator Amon Shipping AS (the "Amon Joint Venture"), intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic-meter capacity ammonia-fueled, ice-class liquefied ammonia carriers (the “Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels”), which will also be capable of carrying liquefied petroleum gas. On December 31, 2025, the Company owned 61% of the Amon Joint Venture, and Amon Gas owned 39%. Under the terms and conditions of the investment, the Company expects to own 79.5% of the Amon Joint Venture and Amon Gas expects to own 20.5% when the vessels are delivered in 2028.
On January 7, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire three German-built 17,000 cubic meter capacity, ethylene-capable liquefied gas vessels (the "Purchased Vessels"). On February 19, 2025, the Company acquired the first of the three Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Hyperion for $27.4 million. On February 24, 2025, the Company acquired the second of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Titan for $27.4 million. On March 17, 2025, the Company acquired the third of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Vesta, for $29.2 million.
On August 23, 2024, the Company entered into contracts to build the Original Two Newbuild Vessels. As part of the agreements then made, the Company held an option to build two additional vessels of the same specification and price. On November 21, 2024, the Company exercised the option and entered into contracts to build the Additional Two Newbuild Vessels. The Original Two Newbuild Vessels and the Additional Two Newbuild Vessels (together the “Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels") are scheduled to be delivered to the Company in March 2027, July 2027, November 2027 and January 2028 respectively, at an average shipyard price of $102.9 million per vessel. The Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels will be able to carry a wide variety of gas products, ranging from complex petrochemical gases, including ethylene and ethane, to LPG and clean ammonia. Additionally, the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels will be fitted with dual-fuel engines for ethane, a low-carbon intensity transitional fuel, and made retrofit-ready for using ammonia as a fuel in the future, and additionally they will be capable of transiting through both the former and the new Panama Canal locks, providing enhanced flexibility
On September 30, 2022, the Company entered into the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture with Greater Bay Gas for the purpose of acquiring a total of five ethylene vessels. At that time, the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture was owned 60% by the Company and 40% by Greater Bay Gas and was, and remains, fully consolidated.
The Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture completed the acquisition of two 17,000 cbm, 2018-built ethylene capable liquefied gas carriers, Navigator Luna and Navigator Solar and three 22,000 cbm, 2019-built ethylene capable liquefied gas carriers, Navigator Castor, Navigator Equator and Navigator
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Vega during 2023. All five vessels are commercially managed by our wholly owned subsidiary, NGT Services (UK) Limited, and they are technically managed by the third party, PG Shipmanagement based in Singapore.
The Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture continues to be accounted for as a consolidated subsidiary in our consolidated financial statements, with the proportion owned by Greater Bay Gas accounted for as a non-controlling interest.
Our Business Strategies
We identify six core functional areas:
Safety, Operations and Crewing
Building on a solid track record for safety and operational excellence, we continually assess and improve our safety culture, our operational processes, and considerations with respect to our crew onboard. This work is underpinned by our safety culture program, ‘WeCare’, which operates across all our vessels and shore locations.
Corporate Governance
A focus has been placed on improving Board independence and achieving greater diversity on our Board over recent years, as well as reviewing the scope and oversight of our committees across areas including ESG and risk. This includes forming an ESG board sub-committee.
Sustainability
Our materiality assessment identified three sustainability priorities for the business. The first is to implement technical and operational measures to reduce emissions in the short to mid-term and to establish a long-term emissions reduction pathway towards 2050. The second is positioning the business in the emerging supply chains of green and blue energy production alongside CO2 capture, transportation, utilization and storage. The third is establishing an increasingly diverse and inclusive workforce to promote innovation and creativity across the business.
Performance culture
As the organization continues to grow, our human resources team will support our people to grow and advance. This includes implementing an effective performance and reward program and creating opportunities for development and career progression.
Commercial
We intend to maintain our market-leading position in the handysize transportation of LPG, petrochemicals and ammonia, and to work towards capturing growth in emerging supply chains and markets. Potential synergies exist in creating a closer link between our floating assets and our terminal, providing an integrated solution to our clients, and opening additional revenue streams. We will continue to place ourselves firmly on the path towards decarbonizing our operations and by collaborating with our clients and partners we aim to facilitate a green supply chain, positively impacting both the environment and society around us whilst also returning value to shareholders.
Financing
We seek to maintain a strong balance sheet by managing our leverage and, in the future, by financing our growth with a balanced mix of cash, bank debt, bond and other financings, and equity.
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Our Fleet
The following table lists our 55 vessels as of March 12, 2026:
| Operating Vessel | Year Built | Vessel Size (cbm) | Employment Status | Current Cargo | Time Charter Expiration Date | ||||||||||||
| Ethylene/ethane capable semi-refrigerated midsize | |||||||||||||||||
| Navigator Aurora | 2016 | 37,300 | Time Charter | Ethane | November 2031 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Eclipse | 2016 | 37,300 | Time Charter | Ethane | March 2029 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Nova | 2017 | 37,300 | Time Charter | Ethane | September 2029 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Prominence | 2017 | 37,300 | Time Charter | Ethane | March 2029 | ||||||||||||
Ethylene/ethane capable semi-refrigerated handysize | |||||||||||||||||
| Navigator Pluto | 2000 | 22,085 | Spot Market | Ethane | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Atlas | 2014 | 21,000 | Time Charter | Ethylene | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Europa | 2014 | 21,000 | Spot Market | Ethane | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Oberon | 2014 | 21,000 | Time Charter | Ethane | October 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Triton | 2015 | 21,000 | Spot Market | Ethane | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Umbrio | 2015 | 21,000 | Spot Market | Ethane | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Luna | 2018 | 17,000 | Spot Market | Ethylene | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Solar | 2018 | 17,000 | Time Charter | Ethylene | March 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Castor | 2019 | 22,000 | Spot Market | Ethylene | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Equator | 2019 | 22,000 | Spot Market | Ethylene | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Vega | 2019 | 22,000 | Time Charter | Ethane | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Hyperion | 2010 | 17,300 | Spot Market | Ethylene | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Titan | 2010 | 17,300 | Spot Market | Ethylene | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Vesta | 2010 | 17,300 | Spot Market | Ethylene | — | ||||||||||||
| Semi-refrigerated handysize | |||||||||||||||||
| Navigator Aries | 2008 | 20,750 | Time Charter | LPG | June 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Capricorn | 2008 | 20,750 | Time Charter | LPG | December 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Pegasus | 2009 | 22,200 | Time Charter | LPG | September 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Phoenix | 2009 | 22,200 | Time Charter | Ammonia | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Scorpio | 2009 | 20,750 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Taurus | 2009 | 20,750 | Time Charter | LPG | November 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Virgo | 2009 | 20,750 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Leo | 2011 | 20,600 | Time Charter | LPG | July 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Libra | 2012 | 20,600 | Time Charter | LPG | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Atlantic (Previously Atlantic Gas) | 2014 | 22,000 | Time Charter | LPG | July 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Adriatic Gas | 2015 | 22,000 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Balearic (Previously Balearic Gas) | 2015 | 22,000 | Time Charter | LPG | June 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Celtic (Previously Celtic Gas) | 2015 | 22,000 | Time Charter | LPG | May 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Centauri | 2015 | 21,000 | Time Charter | LPG | May 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Ceres | 2015 | 21,000 | Time Charter | LPG | June 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Ceto | 2016 | 21,000 | Time Charter | LPG | May 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Copernico | 2016 | 21,000 | Time Charter | LPG | May 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Bering Gas | 2016 | 22,000 | Time Charter | LPG | May 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Luga | 2017 | 22,000 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
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| Operating Vessel | Year Built | Vessel Size (cbm) | Employment Status | Current Cargo | Time Charter Expiration Date | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Yauza | 2017 | 22,000 | Time Charter | Ammonia | July 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Arctic Gas | 2017 | 22,000 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
| Pacific Gas | 2017 | 22,000 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
| Fully-refrigerated handy/midsize | |||||||||||||||||
| Navigator Glory | 2010 | 22,500 | Time Charter | Ammonia | June 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Grace | 2010 | 22,500 | Spot Market | LPG | — | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Galaxy | 2011 | 22,500 | Time Charter | Ammonia | May 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Genesis | 2011 | 22,500 | Time Charter | LPG | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Global | 2011 | 22,500 | Time Charter | Ammonia | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Gusto | 2011 | 22,500 | Time Charter | Ammonia | April 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Navigator Jorf | 2017 | 38,000 | Time Charter | Ammonia | August 2027 | ||||||||||||
| Ethylene/ethane capable semi-refrigerated smaller size | |||||||||||||||||
| Happy Condor* | 2008 | 9,000 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Pelican* | 2012 | 6,800 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Penguin* | 2013 | 6,800 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Kestrel* | 2013 | 12,000 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Osprey* | 2013 | 12,000 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Peregrine* | 2014 | 12,000 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Albatross* | 2015 | 12,000 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Happy Avocet* | 2017 | 12,000 | Unigas Pool | — | — | ||||||||||||
* denotes our owned vessels that operate within the independent commercially managed Unigas Pool
Following the natural cessation of the Company's PTNK business in Indonesia on expiry of the last remaining time charter contract on February 15, 2025, Navigator Aries was sold to an entity under common control of the Company on October 1, 2025, in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet. On December 31, 2025 two unencumbered vessels in our fleet and approximately $39.5 million cash, which is recorded as restricted cash, were owned by PTNK. The vessels were previously on time charter for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas within Indonesia, the last and most recent of which expired by its terms in February 2025. On January 6, 2026, Navigator Pluto was sold to an entity under common control of the Company in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet and the Company similarly intends to sell Navigator Global to an entity under common control of the Company at a suitable future time.
The Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture completed the acquisition of two 17,000 cbm, 2018-built ethylene capable liquefied gas carriers, Navigator Luna and Navigator Solar and three 22,000 cbm, 2019-built ethylene capable liquefied gas carriers, Navigator Castor, Navigator Equator and Navigator Vega during 2023. All five vessels are commercially managed by our wholly owned subsidiary, NGT Services (UK) Limited, and they are technically managed by the third party, PG Shipmanagement based in Singapore.
On October 14, 2025, the Company increased its ownership interest in the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture from 60% to 75.1% through the acquisition of an additional 15.1% interest for total cash consideration of $16.8 million.
The Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture continues to be accounted for as a consolidated subsidiary in our consolidated financial statements, with the proportion owned by Greater Bay Gas accounted for as a non-controlling interest.
The average monthly TCE rate for our vessels operating in 2025 was approximately $30,110 per day ($915,832 per calendar month) (2024: $28,826 per day or $876,776 per calendar month) . TCE rates are the gross monthly charter rates before deduction of any address and brokerage commissions payable to charterers and shipbrokers respectively. Address and brokerage commissions typically range between 1.25% and 2.5% of the gross monthly charter rate.
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Our Customers
We provide seaborne transportation and distribution services for LPG, ethane, ethylene, petrochemical gases and ammonia to:
•Major Oil and Gas Companies, such as ExxonMobil, ENI, BP, Shell and Phillips 66; Sonatrach, the national oil and gas company of Algeria and its shipping company Hyproc; and PETRONAS, the state-owned oil and gas company of Malaysia;
•Chemical Companies, such as SABIC and Aramco, multi-national chemical manufacturing corporations based in Saudi Arabia; OCP, a world leading fertilizer producer and ammonia importer; BASF, INEOS, Borealis and Yara Clean Ammonia Switzerland, all leading multi-national chemical corporations; Braskem, a Brazilian petrochemical manufacturer; Asia Chemical Trading Pte and Zhejiang Satellite Petrochemical, both large Chinese chemical producers; and
•Energy Trading Companies, such as Mitsubishi International Corporation, Marubeni and Mitsui, all major commodities, finance and investment conglomerates; Kolmar, Vinmar and BGN, international commodity trading companies; Geogas and Petredec, LPG trading companies; Trafigura Limited an international commodities trading and logistics company; Vitol Group, an independent energy trading company; and Trammo, a leading international merchandising and trading company.
The Company derives a significant portion of revenues from a limited number of customers. For the year ended December 31, 2025, one of our charterers contributed approximately 8.6% or $46.4 million of our total operating revenues. Our top three charterers contributed between 6.7% and 8.6% of our total operating revenues, and in aggregate 23.3%, or approximately $125.1 million of our total operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, one of our charterers contributed approximately 12.1% or $63.3 million of our total operating revenues. Our top three charterers contributed between 7.8% and 12.1% of our total operating revenues, and in aggregate 29.9%, or approximately $153.0 million of our total operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The loss of any significant customer or a substantial decline in the number of services requested by a significant customer, or the inability of a significant customer to pay for our services, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Vessel Employment
Our chartering strategy is to combine both short and long-term time charters and COAs and voyage charters, as well as employing our smaller vessels through the Unigas Pool. As of December 31, 2025, we owned 57 vessels, of which 29 were employed under time charters, 20 were employed in the spot market and contract of affreightment and eight were independently commercially managed through the Unigas Pool.
Our voyage charters during 2025 remained focused on the seaborne transportation of petrochemicals, particularly ethylene and ethane. Our flexible, semi-refrigerated vessels are highly versatile in that they, unlike fully-refrigerated vessels, can accommodate petrochemicals, LPG and ammonia at ambient as well as fully-refrigerated temperatures.
The amount of ethane and ethylene carried across spot and time charter tonnage was 1,204,525 metric tons in 2025 compared to 1,146,259 metric tons in 2024. Ethylene and ethane are highly specialized gases that require sophisticated ethylene/ethane-capable tonnage to transport. As at December 31, 2025 we owned 26 ethane/ethylene-capable gas carriers on the water, one of the largest fleets of such vessels.
A typical petrochemical voyage is categorized as long haul, or deep sea, and is typically much longer in duration compared to handysize LPG voyages, which tend to be regional. Petrochemical voyages principally commence in the U.S., South America and the Middle East and sail to the Far East and Europe to discharge. However, these trade routes may change in the future, subject to transportation costs and fluctuating arbitrages between the various geographical regions.
Time Charter
A time charter is a contract under which a vessel is chartered for a defined period of time at a fixed daily or monthly rate. Under time charters, we are responsible for providing crewing and other vessel operating services, the cost of which is intended to be covered by the fixed rate, while the customer is responsible for substantially all of the voyage expenses, including any bunker fuel consumption, port expenses and canal tolls.
Term. The initial term for a time charter commences upon the vessel’s delivery to the customer. Under the terms of our charters, the customer may typically redeliver the vessel to us up to 15 to 30 days earlier or up to 15 to 30 days later than the respective charter expiration dates, upon advance notice to us.
Hire Rate. The hire rate refers to the basic payment by the customer for the use of the vessel. Under our time charters, the hire rate or charter hire is payable monthly in advance in U.S. Dollars.
Hire payments may be reduced if the vessel does not perform to certain of its specifications, such as if the average vessel speed falls below a guaranteed speed or the amount of fuel consumed to power the vessel under normal circumstances exceeds a guaranteed amount.
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Offhire. Under our time charters, when the vessel is “offhire” (or not available for service), the customer generally is not required to pay charter hire, and the shipowner is responsible for all costs. Prolonged offhire may lead to vessel substitution or termination of the time charter. A vessel generally will be deemed offhire if there is a loss of time due to, among other things:
•technical breakdowns; drydocking for repairs, maintenance or inspections; equipment breakdowns; or delays due to accidents, strikes, certain vessel detentions or operational issues;
•our failure to maintain the vessel in compliance with its specifications and contractual standards or to provide the required crew.
Management and Maintenance. Under our time charters, we are responsible for providing for the technical management of the vessel and for maintaining the vessel, periodic drydocking, cleaning and painting, and performing work required by regulations. We work with third-party technical managers Northern Marine Management (“NMM”) and PG Shipmanagement (“PGS”), as well as our own in-house technical management function to arrange for these services to be provided for all of our vessels. Please read “—Technical Management of the Fleet” for a description of the material terms of the technical management agreements.
Termination. Each of our time charters terminates automatically in the event of loss of the applicable vessel. In addition, we are generally entitled to suspend performance (but with the continuing accrual to our benefit of hire payments and default interest) under most of the time charters if the customer defaults in its payment obligations. Under most of the time charters, either party may also terminate the charter in the event of war in specified countries or in locations that could significantly disrupt the free trade of the vessel or if either party becomes a sanctioned entity.
Voyage Charter/Contract of Affreightment (“COA”)
A voyage charter is a contract, typically for shorter intervals, for transportation of a specified cargo between two or more designated ports. A COA essentially constitutes a series of voyage charters to carry a specified quantity of cargo during a specified time period, or for a specified number of voyages. A voyage charter is priced on a current or “spot” market rate, typically on a price per ton of product carried rather than a daily or monthly rate. Under voyage charters, we are responsible for all of the voyage expenses in addition to providing the crewing and other vessel operating services.
Term. Our voyage charters are typically for periods ranging from 10 days to three months.
Freight Rate. The freight rate refers to the basic payment by the customer for the movement of cargo. Under our voyage charters, the freight rate is typically payable upon discharge, in U.S. Dollars, as specified in the charter.
Management, Maintenance and Voyage Expenses. Under our voyage charters, we are responsible for the technical management of the vessel in the same manner as for time charters referred to above.
We are also responsible for all expenses unique to a particular voyage, including any bunker fuel consumption, port expenses and canal tolls.
Termination. Each of our voyage charters terminates automatically upon the discharge of the cargo at the discharge port and a COA terminates when we have discharged the final cargo at its discharge port.
Classification and Inspections
Every seagoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel’s country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will undertake them on an application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.
The classification society also undertakes, on request, other surveys and inspections that are required by the regulations and requirements of the flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in each case and/or to the regulations of the country concerned.
For maintenance of class, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull and machinery, including the electrical plant, and any special equipment are required to be performed as follows:
Annual Surveys. For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and machinery, including the electrical plant, and where applicable, on special equipment classed at intervals of 12 months from the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the certificate.
Intermediate Surveys. Extended annual surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and a half years after commissioning and two and a half years after each class renewal survey.
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Class Renewal Surveys. Class renewal surveys (also known as special surveys), which require the vessel to enter drydock, are carried out on the ship’s hull and machinery, including the electrical plant, and on any special equipment classed at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull, which for our vessels is typically every five years. During the special survey, the vessel is examined, including audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel structures. Should the thickness be found to be less than class requirements, the classification society could prescribe steel renewals. On vessels that are over 15 years old, substantial amounts of funds may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In lieu of the special survey, a shipowner has the option of arranging with the classification society for the vessel’s hull or machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which every part of the vessel could be surveyed within a five-year cycle. At an owner’s application, the surveys required for class renewal may be split according to an agreed schedule to extend over the entire period of class. This process is referred to as continuous class renewal.
Commercial Management of the Fleet
Other than the vessels managed through the independent Unigas pool, we perform commercial management of all of our current vessels in-house through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Navigator Gas L.L.C., under the terms of individual management contracts between Navigator Gas L.L.C. and each of our vessel-owning subsidiaries. Commercial management includes all chartering services for our vessels and is provided by the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, NGT Services (UK) Limited, and Navigator Gas Denmark ApS.
In addition, Navigator Gas Denmark ApS, has entered into bareboat contracts for 16 of our vessels with our vessel-owning subsidiaries. We perform commercial management for eight of these vessels in-house and eight are independently commercially managed by the Unigas Pool. On December 28, 2025, Happy Falcon was redelivered from the Unigas Pool and subsequently sold to an unrelated third party on January 28, 2026.
The five vessels owned by the Greater Bay Joint Venture are commercially managed by our wholly-owned subsidiary, NGT Services (UK) Limited and technically managed by the third party, PG Shipmanagement Pte Ltd ("PGS") based in Singapore.
Technical Management of the Fleet
We outsource the technical management for 19 vessels in our fleet to Northern Marine Manning Services ("NMM") and PGS, who are third-party technical management companies, under terms based on standard BIMCO ship management agreements, or the “technical management agreements.” We refer to NMM and PGS herein as our “technical managers.” We provide in-house technical management for 38 of our 57 current vessels through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Navigator Gas Shipmanagement Limited and Navigator Ship Management (Denmark) ApS. By managing some of our vessels in-house,we gain greater control over the management of our vessels and enhance safety, risk management, customer service, reliability and build strong relationships with our charterers whilst retaining outside comparatives through the appointment of the technical managers. Please see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business”.
Our wholly-owned technical manager subsidiaries are accredited with International Standards Organization (“ISO”) 14001 (Environmental Management System), ISO 9001 (Quality Management System) and ISO 45001 (Occupational Health & Safety) standards.
NMM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Stena AB Gothenburg, formed in 1983 and located in Clydebank, Scotland and PGS is a Singapore-based technical manager, part of Pacific Gas (Hong Kong) Holdings Limited. Our technical managers are very well established and respected within the ship management community. Our technical managers have fully-owned crew recruitment agencies in major crew recruitment centers around the world and can provide us with high quality, competent officers and crews, to meet our crewing requirements. We believe our technical managers manage and continue to manage our vessels safely and properly in accordance with owners’ requirements, design parameters, flag state and classification society requirements, charter party requirements and the international safety management (“ISM”) code. We believe our technical managers are all accredited with ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and ISO 45001 standards.
We believe our vessels are operated in a manner intended to protect the safety and health of employees, the general public, and the environment. We actively manage the risks inherent in our business and are committed to eliminating incidents that threaten the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the vessels, such as groundings, fires, collisions and spills. We are actively committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and any waste generated by our activities, as part of our ISO 14001 commitments and in line with the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions as set out by the IMO.
Technical Management Services
Under the terms of our ship management agreements with our technical managers, and under our own supervision, our technical managers are responsible for the day-to-day activities of our externally managed fleet and are required to, among other things:
•provide competent personnel to operate and supervise the maintenance and general efficiency of our vessels;
•arrange and supervise the maintenance, drydockings, repairs, alterations and upkeep of our vessels to the standards required by us and in accordance with all requirements and recommendations of our vessels’ classification society, flag state and applicable national and international regulations;
•ensure that our vessels comply with the law of their flag state;
•arrange the supply of necessary stores, spares and lubricating oil for our vessels;
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•appoint such surveyors and technical consultants as they may consider from time to time necessary;
•operate the vessels in accordance with the ISM Code and The International Ship and Port Facility Code (“ISPS Code”);
•develop, implement and maintain a safety management system in accordance with the ISM Code;
•arrange the sampling and testing of bunkers;
•install planned maintenance system software on-board our vessels;
•provide emergency response services and support to our vessels in case of an incident or accident;
•operate our vessels in accordance with the agreed budgets.
In the event that our technical managers pay certain expenses attributable to us, we have agreed to indemnify our technical managers against such expenses. In the event that our technical managers (or any of their related companies) are sued as a result of a breach or alleged breach of an obligation of ours to a third-party, we have agreed to defend our technical managers (or their related companies) and indemnify our technical managers (and their related companies) against certain expenses incurred in their defense.
Fees and Expenses. As consideration for providing us with both technical and crewing management for our fleet, our third-party technical managers receive a management fee of approximately $0.2 million per vessel per year, payable in equal monthly installments in advance. We also pay for any expenses incurred in connection with operating our vessels.
We carry insurance coverage consistent with industry standards for certain matters, but we cannot assure you that our insurance will be adequate to cover all extraordinary costs and expenses. Please read “—Insurance and Risk Management.”
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any costs and expenses are caused solely by our technical managers’ negligence or willful default, our technical managers will be responsible for them subject to certain limitations. Our technical managers are insured against claims of errors and omissions by third parties.
Term and Termination Rights.The ship management agreements automatically renew on their termination dates unless terminated by either party giving two or three months’ prior written notice. Our technical managers may also terminate any of the ship management agreements immediately upon written notice to us if:
•they do not receive amounts payable by us under the agreement within the time period specified for payment thereof, or if the vessels are repossessed by any vessel mortgagees; or
•after notice to us of the default and a reasonable amount of time to remedy, we fail to:
•comply with our obligation to indemnify them for any expenses attributable to us or defend them (and their related companies) against any third-party claims based on a breach or alleged breach of an obligation of ours to a third-party; or
•cease the employment of our vessels in the transportation of contraband, blockage running, or in an unlawful trade, or on a voyage that in their reasonable opinion is unduly hazardous or improper.
If, for any reason under our technical managers’ control, our technical managers fail to provide the services agreed upon under the terms of the management agreements or they fail to provide for the satisfaction of all requirements of the law of the vessels’ flag state or the ISM Code, or if PGS ceases to be a wholly owned subsidiary within the Pacific Gas group, we may terminate the agreements immediately upon written notice of termination to our technical managers, as applicable, if, after notice to our technical managers of the default and a reasonable amount of time to remedy, they fail to remedy the default to our satisfaction.
The technical management agreements will automatically terminate (i) if the vessels are sold, are requisitioned, become a total loss, or are declared as a constructive, compromised, or arranged total loss, (ii) in the event of our winding up, dissolution, bankruptcy or the appointment of a receiver, (iii) if we suspend payments, cease to carry on business or make any special arrangement with our creditors, or (iv) in the case of PGS, if our joint venture agreement with Greater Bay Gas is terminated in accordance with its terms.
Under the terms of the ship management agreements, in the event that the technical management agreement is terminated for any reason other than by reason of default by either the technical manager or the loss, sale or other disposition of the vessels, we are obligated to continue to pay the management fee for three calendar months from the termination date.
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Crewing
We have entered into crew management agreements with our outsourced technical managers for 19 of our 57 vessels and we provide crew management services in-house for 38 of our vessels through our wholly owned subsidiary, Navigator Ship Management (Denmark) ApS. Under the terms of the crew management agreements, we or our technical managers are responsible for arranging crews for our fleet and are required to, among other things:
•select and supply a suitably qualified crew for each vessel in our fleet;
•pay all crew wages and salaries;
•ensure that the applicable requirements of the laws of our vessels’ flag states are satisfied in respect of the rank, qualification and certification of the crew;
•pay the costs of obtaining all documentation necessary for the crew’s employment, such as vaccination certificates, passports, visas and licenses;
•pay all costs and expenses of transportation of the crews to and from the vessels.
Unless two months’ prior written notice of termination is given, the agreements are automatically extended. Crewing costs could be higher due to increased demand for qualified officers as the worldwide LNG and LPG carrier fleet continues to grow. Please read “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—A shortage of qualified officers or seafarers could make it more difficult to crew our vessels and increase our operating costs. If a shortage were to develop, it could impair our ability to operate and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results”
The crewing management fee is included with the technical management fee referred to above. For some of our in-house technically managed vessels, NMM provides separate crew management agreements costing approximately $0.06 million per vessel per year.
We believe that the crewing arrangements ensure that our vessels are crewed with qualified and competent seafarers that have the licenses required by international regulations and conventions. Our vessels were crewed by approximately 1,800 seagoing staff throughout 2025.
Insurance and Risk Management
The operation of any oceangoing vessel carries an inherent risk of catastrophic marine disasters, death or injury of persons and property losses caused by adverse weather conditions, mechanical failures, human error, war, terrorism, piracy and other circumstances or events. The occurrence of any of these events may result in a loss of revenues or increased costs. While we believe that our present insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that we will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.
Hull and Machinery. We carry “hull and machinery” insurance for each of our vessels, which insures against the risk of an actual or constructive total loss of our vessels. Hull and machinery insurance also covers damage to mechanical equipment on board and loss of, or damage to a vessel due to marine perils such as collisions, grounding, and weather. Each vessel in our existing fleet has insurance for a total amount greater than what we believe to be its fair market value, with a deductible of $0.15 million per incident or claim.
War Risks Insurance. We also carry insurance policies covering war risks. Each vessel in our existing fleet has insurance for a total amount greater than what we believe to be its fair market value, with no deductible. When our vessels travel into certain hostile regions, we are required to notify our war risk insurance carrier and may incur an additional premium. These additional premiums are negotiated with insurers along with the annual premiums once a year and the cost is typically borne by the charterers, either by including it in freight or by rebilling it to them accordingly.
Protection and Indemnity Insurance Associations. We purchase “protection and indemnity” insurance (“P&I”) for each of the vessels in our existing fleet to protect against most of the accident-related risks originating from the conduct of our business. Protection and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or “P&I Clubs,” and covers our third-party liabilities in connection with our shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and other expenses related to injury or death of our crew, passengers and other third parties, loss of or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances, and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Each of the vessels in our fleet is entered in either the NorthStandard or Steamship Mutual clubs, both of which are members of The International Group of P&I Clubs, (“the IG”).
NorthStandard and Steamship Mutual each insure in excess of 100 million gross tons of shipping from all parts of the world and from most sectors of the shipping industry. Each IG Club retains the first $10 million and the IG then jointly shares all claims between $10 million and $100 million under a pooling agreement. Thereafter, the IG has structured a unique reinsurance placement in numerous layers, among others with the participation of the IG‘s own captive (Hydra), and up to a limit of $2.1 billion. Catastrophic oil spills carry a limit of $3.1 billion, while claims in excess of $3.1 billion are then returned to their respective P&I Clubs.
In P&I, insurance premiums are named “calls” because the P&I Clubs are mutuals who call “premium” into the club’s fund from which the P&I Club pays the claims. As a mutual, the P&I Clubs’ performance depends on the membership of shipowners as a whole and therefore the P&I Clubs charge “general premium increases” at each February 20th renewal, which in theory apply to all its members. In practice, a well performing shipowner (i.e. a shipowner with few claims) will however achieve better renewal terms than the general increase stated by the P&I Club.
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Risk Management. To assess and mitigate risk we use computer based risk assessment tools, root cause analysis programs, planned and condition based maintenance programs, seafarers competence training programs, computer based training modules, seafarers workshops and seminars, as well as membership of emergency response organizations.
Environmental and Other Regulation
General. Governmental and international agencies extensively regulate the ownership and operation of our vessels. These regulations include international conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations in the countries where our vessels now or, in the future, will operate or where our vessels are registered. We cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these regulations or the impact that these regulations will have on the resale value or useful lives of our vessels. Various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies require us to obtain permits, licenses and certificates for the operation of our vessels.
Although we believe that we are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and have all permits, licenses and certificates required for our vessels, future non-compliance or failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could require us to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend the operation of one or more of our vessels. A variety of governmental and private entities inspect our vessels on both a scheduled and unscheduled basis. These entities, each of which may have unique requirements and each of which conducts frequent inspections, include local and port state authorities, such as the U.S. Coast Guard, harbor master or equivalent, classification societies, flag state, or the administration of the country of registry and charterers. We expect that our vessels will continue to be subject to inspection by these governmental and private entities on both a scheduled and unscheduled basis.
We believe that the heightened levels of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers have led to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the industry. Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for tankers that conform to stricter environmental standards. We will be required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with applicable local, national and international environmental laws and regulations. We intend to assure that the operation of our vessels will continue to be in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and that our vessels will have all material permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations necessary for the conduct of our operations. However, because such laws and regulations are frequently changed and may impose increasingly stricter requirements, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these requirements or the impact of these requirements on the resale value or useful lives of our vessels. In addition, a future serious marine incident that results in significant oil pollution or otherwise causes significant adverse environmental impact could result in additional legislation or regulation that could negatively affect our operating results or financial condition.
Navigator Gas Ship Management (Denmark) ApS, NMM and PGS has been successfully audited to the requirements outlined in ISO 45001:2018, the ISM code, ISO 9001:2015. NMM has also certified to the ISO 50001:2018 (energy efficiency) standard. In summary terms, ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management systems that exists to help organizations minimize how their operations negatively affect the environment; comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements; and continually improve environmental performance.
International Maritime Regulations. The IMO is the United Nations’ agency that provides international regulations governing shipping and international maritime trade. The requirements contained in the ISM Code, promulgated by the IMO, govern our operations. Among other requirements, the ISM Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel to develop an extensive safety management system that includes, among other things, the adoption of a policy for safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and also describing procedures for responding to emergencies. We and our ship managers each hold a Document of Compliance under the ISM Code for operation of Gas Carriers. In 2017, the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee (“MSC”) adopted Resolution MSC.428(98), Maritime Cyber Risk Management in Safety Management Systems, embracing guidelines on maritime cyber risk management approved by the MSC. This resolution affirmed the MSC’s view that the ISM Code requires mitigation of cyber risk as part of the safety management system, and effectively requires that a vessel’s safety management system account for cyber risks in compliance with the ISM Code.
Vessels that transport gas, including our vessels, are also subject to regulation under the International Gas Carrier Code, or the “IGC Code,” published by the IMO. The IGC Code provides a standard for the safe carriage of liquid gases by prescribing the design and construction standards of vessels involved in such carriage. Compliance with the IGC Code must be evidenced by a Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk. Each of our vessels has a Certificate of Fitness evidencing compliance with the IGC Code. Non-compliance with the IGC Code or other applicable IMO regulations may subject a shipowner or a bareboat charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports.
The IMO also promulgates ongoing amendments to the international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 and its protocol of 1988, (“SOLAS.”) SOLAS provides rules for the construction of and equipment required for commercial vessels and includes regulations for safe operation and addresses maritime security. SOLAS requires the provision of lifeboats and other life-saving appliances, requires the use of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, which is an international radio equipment and watchkeeping standard, afloat and at shore stations, and relates to the International Convention on the Standards of Training and Certification of Watchkeeping Officers, or “STCW,” also promulgated by the IMO. The STCW establishes minimum training, certification, and watchkeeping standards for seafarers. Flag states that have ratified SOLAS and STCW generally employ the classification societies, which have incorporated SOLAS and STCW requirements into their class rules, to undertake surveys to confirm compliance.
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SOLAS and other IMO regulations concerning safety, including those relating to treaties on the training of shipboard personnel, lifesaving appliances, radio equipment and the global maritime distress and safety system, apply to our operations. Non-compliance with these types of IMO regulations may subject us to increased liability or penalties, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to or detention in some ports. For example, the U.S. Coast Guard and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code will be prohibited from trading in U.S. and European Union ports, respectively.
The ISPS Code provides a framework through which ships and port facilities can co-operate to detect and deter acts that pose a threat to maritime security. We have developed Security Plans, and appointed and trained Ship and Office Security Officers and all of our vessels have been certified to meet the ISPS Code. See “—Vessel Security Regulations” for a more detailed discussion about these requirements.
The IMO continues to review and introduce new regulations. It is impossible to predict what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO in the future and what effect, if any, such regulation may have on our operations. We are, where practical possible, monitoring developments of International and National legislation related to our activities.
Air Emissions. The International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, or “MARPOL,” is the principal international convention negotiated by the IMO governing marine pollution prevention and response. MARPOL imposes environmental standards on the shipping industry relating to oil spills, management of garbage, the handling and disposal of noxious liquids, sewage and air emissions.
Annex I to MARPOL, which applies to various ships delivered on or after August 1, 2010, includes requirements for the protected location of fuel tanks, performance standards for accidental oil fuel outflow, a tank capacity limit and certain other maintenance, inspection, and engineering standards. IMO regulations also require owners and operators of vessels to adopt Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plans. Periodic training and drills for response personnel and for vessels and their crews are required.
MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI “Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution,” or “Annex VI,” entered into force on May 19, 2005, and applies to all ships, fixed and floating drilling rigs and other floating platforms. Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts, emissions of volatile compounds from cargo tanks, incineration of specific substances, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for emission control areas (“ECAs”) to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions. The certification requirements for Annex VI depend on size of the vessel and time of periodic classification survey. Ships with a displacement of more than 400 gross tons and engaged in international voyages involving countries that have ratified the conventions, or ships flying the flag of those countries, are required to have an International Air Pollution Certificate, or an “IAPP Certificate.” Annex VI came into force in the United States on January 8, 2009. As of December 31, 2025, all our ships have been issued IAPP Certificates. Ships operating in Emission Control Areas for Sulphur Oxides and Particulate Matter, such as the Mediterranean Sea, are now subject to strict mandatory measures to prevent, reduce, and control air pollution. This new ECA must comply with stricter sulphur content limits than those set by the global standard (0.10% mass by mass (m/m), compared with 0.50% m/m allowed outside SOx ECAs).
Amendments to Annex VI that took effect in 2010 required progressively stricter reductions in sulfur emissions from ships. Beginning on January 1, 2012, fuel used to power ships in all seas could contain no more than 3.5% sulfur, and under the IMO’s sulfur emission limit reductions (“IMO 2020”), which commenced on January 1, 2020, no more than 0.5% sulfur, with stricter limits on fuels used in ECAs. For fuels used in ECAs, the cap settled at 0.1% in January 2015. The amendments also established tiers of more stringent nitrogen oxide emissions standards for new marine engines, depending on their date of installation. The European directive 2005/33/EU, effective from January 1, 2010, bans the use of fuel oils containing more than 0.1% sulfur by mass by any merchant’s vessel while berthed or anchored in any EU port and, as amended, aligns with IMO 2020 requirements. Our vessels have achieved compliance, where necessary, by purchasing and utilizing fuel that meets applicable low-sulfur requirements.
More stringent emission standards for sulfur and nitrogen oxide apply in the United States and Canadian coastal areas designated by the IMO’s MEPC, as discussed in the “—Clean Air Act” below. On March 26, 2010, the IMO designated waters off North American coasts as an ECA in which stringent emission standards could apply.
The first-phase fuel standard for sulfur in the North American ECA went into effect in 2012, and the second phase began in 2015. Further, on July 15, 2011, the IMO designated waters around Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as an ECA. The first-phase fuel standard for sulfur in the U.S. Caribbean ECA went into effect in 2014, and the second phase began in 2015. Beginning in 2016, stringent engine standards for nitrogen oxide became effective in both the North American ECA and the U.S. Caribbean ECA. U.S. air emissions standards have incorporated these amended Annex VI requirements. China has designated three ECAs at the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and Bohai Bay. Beginning January 1, 2019, vessels operating within these areas were required to use fuels with no more than 0.5% sulfur. In December 2022, the IMO’s MEPC adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI establishing a Mediterranean ECA for sulfur that entered into force on May 1, 2024, with a 12-month grace period. As a result, effective May 1, 2025, the fuels of vessels in the Mediterranean ECA are required to meet the more stringent 0.1% sulfur limit. On October 4, 2024, the MEPC adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI establishing a Canadian Arctic ECA and a Norwegian Sea ECA anticipated to enter into force on March 1, 2026, and could require ships in these new ECAs to meet the lower sulfur limit. Additional or new conventions, laws, and regulations may be adopted that could require the installation of expensive emission control systems. The Mediterranean Sea officially became an Emission Control Area ("Med SOx ECA") under MARPOL Annex VI on 1 May 2025. The sulphur content in fuel oil for ships operating in the area is now limited to 0.1%, significantly reducing air pollution and delivering major benefits to both human health and the marine environment.
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Ballast Water Management Convention. The IMO adopted an International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, or the “BWM Convention,” in February 2004. The BWM Convention’s implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements, to be replaced in time with a requirement for mandatory ballast water treatment. The BWM Convention entered into force on September 8, 2017; however IMO later decided to postpone the compliance date for existing vessels by 2 years, i.e. until the first renewal survey following September 8, 2019. Although the United States has not ratified the BWM Convention, it has implemented ballast water management requirements. As referenced below, the U.S. Coast Guard issued ballast water management rules on March 23, 2012, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or “EPA,” issued a five year Vessel General Permit (VGP) in March 2013 that contains numeric technology-based ballast water effluent limitations. The VGP program is in the process of being phased out and replaced with National Standards of Performance (NSPs) adopted by the EPA with implementation regulations, which will be adopted and enforced by the U.S. Coast Guard, under development. The 2013 VGP remains in effect pending such transition to NSPs. Except for one vessel, which has dispensation from the U.S. Coast Guard until the vessel's next dry dock, all our vessels have fully approved BWTS installed and commissioned.
Bunker Convention/CLC State Certificate. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution 2001, or the “Bunker Convention,” entered into force in State Parties to the Convention on November 21, 2008. The Bunker Convention imposes liability on the ship owner and requires the ship owner to pay compensation for pollution damage (including the cost of preventive measures) caused in the territory, including the territorial sea of a State Party, as well as its economic zone or equivalent area. Registered owners of any sea going vessel and seaborne craft over 1,000 gross tonnage, of any type whatsoever, and registered in a State Party, or entering or leaving a port in the territory of a State Party, to maintain insurance that meets the requirements of the Bunker Convention, and to obtain a certificate issued by a State Party attesting that such insurance is in force. The State issued certificate must be carried on-board at all times.
Although the United States is not a party to these conventions, many countries have ratified and followed the liability plan adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, as amended in 2000, or the “CLC.” Under this convention and depending on whether the country in which the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the CLC, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by a discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete defenses. The limited liability protections are forfeited under the CLC where the spill is caused by the owner’s actual fault and under the 1992 Protocol where the spill is caused by the owner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Vessels trading to states that are parties to these conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the owner. In jurisdictions where the CLC has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or on a strict-liability basis.
P&I Clubs in the International Group issue the required Bunkers Convention “Blue Cards” to provide evidence that there is in place insurance meeting the liability requirements. All of our vessels have received “Blue Cards” from their P&I Club and are in possession of a CLC State-issued certificate attesting that the required insurance coverage is in force.
Anti-Fouling Requirements. Anti-fouling systems, such as paint or surface treatment, are used to coat the bottom of vessels to prevent the attachment of molluscs and other sea life to the hulls of vessels. In 2001, the IMO adopted the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on ships, or the “Anti-fouling Convention.” The Anti-fouling Convention, which entered into force on September 17, 2008, prohibits the use of organotin compound coatings in anti-fouling systems after September 1, 2003 and the use of the biocide cybutryne after January 1, 2023. Ships are required to remove or apply a coating to anti-fouling systems containing cybutryne at the next scheduled renewal of the ship’s anti-fouling system after January 1, 2023 but no later than five years after the last application of an anti-fouling system that contained this biocide. Vessels of over 400 gross tons engaged in international voyages must obtain an International Anti-fouling System Certificate and undergo a survey before the vessel is put into service or when the anti-fouling systems are altered or replaced. We have obtained Anti-fouling System Certificates for all of our vessels and we do not believe that maintaining such certificates will have an adverse financial impact on the operation of our vessels.
Compliance Enforcement. The flag state, as defined by the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, has overall responsibility for the implementation and enforcement of international maritime regulations for all ships granted the right to fly its flag. The “Shipping Industry Guidelines on Flag State Performance” evaluates flag states based on factors such as sufficiency of infrastructure, ratification of international maritime treaties, implementation and enforcement of international maritime regulations, supervision of surveys, casualty investigations, and participation at IMO meetings. As of January 2016, auditing of flag states that are parties to the SOLAS convention is mandatory and are conducted under the IMO Instruments Implementation Code (III Code), which guides the implementation and enforcement of IMO policies by flag states. These audits may lead the various flag states to be more aggressive in their enforcement, which may in turn lead us to incur additional costs.
Non-compliance with the ISM Code and other IMO regulations may subject the vessel owner or bareboat charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. The U.S. Coast Guard and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code by the applicable deadlines will be prohibited from trading in U.S. and European Union ports, respectively.
The IMO continues to review and introduce new regulations. It is impossible to predict what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect, if any, such regulations might have on our operations.
U.S. Environmental Regulation of Our Vessels. Our vessels operating in U.S. waters now or in the future will be subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment. In some cases, these laws and regulations require us to obtain governmental
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permits and authorizations before we may conduct certain activities. These environmental laws and regulations may impose substantial penalties for noncompliance and substantial liabilities for pollution. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties. As with the industry generally, our operations will entail risks in these areas, and compliance with these laws and regulations, which may be subject to frequent revisions and reinterpretation, increases our overall cost of business.
Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or “OPA 90,” established an extensive regulatory and liability regime for environmental protection and cleanup of oil spills. OPA 90 affects all owners and operators whose vessels trade with the United States or its territories or possessions, or whose vessels operate in the waters of the United States, which include the U.S. territorial waters and the two hundred nautical miles exclusive economic zone of the United States. OPA 90 may affect us because we carry oil as fuel and lubricants for our engines, and the discharge of these could cause an environmental hazard. Under OPA 90, vessel operators, including vessel owners, managers and bareboat or “demise” charterers, are “responsible parties” who are all liable regardless of fault, individually and as a group, for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from oil spills from their vessels. These “responsible parties” could not be liable if the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third-party, an act of God, or an act of war. In addition to clean-up and containment costs, other damages for responsible parties are liable are defined broadly to include:
•natural resource damages and related assessment costs;
•real and personal property damages;
•net loss of taxes, royalties, rents, profits, or earnings capacity;
•net cost of public services necessitated by a spill response, such as protection from fire, safety, or health hazards; and
•loss of subsistence use of natural resources.
Effective March 23, 2023, the U.S. Coast Guard adjusted the limits of OPA liability to the greater of $2,500 per gross ton or $21.5 million for any double-hull tanker that is over 3,000 gross tons which is relevant to the Alma Maritime carriers. These limits of liability do not apply, however, where the incident is caused by a violation of applicable U.S. federal safety, construction, or operating regulations, or by the responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. These limits likewise do not apply if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with the substance removal activities. This limit is subject to possible adjustment for inflation. OPA 90 specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for the discharge of pollutants within their waters. In some cases, states, which have enacted their own legislation, have not yet issued implementing regulations defining shipowners’ responsibilities under these laws. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with OPA 90 and all applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels call. OPA 90 requires owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the U.S. Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet the limit of their potential strict liability under OPA 90. Under the regulations, evidence of financial responsibility may be demonstrated by insurance, surety bond, self-insurance, or guaranty. Under OPA 90 regulations, an owner or operator of more than one vessel is required to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility for the entire fleet in an amount equal only to the financial responsibility requirement of the vessel having the greatest maximum liability under OPA 90. Each of our ship-owning subsidiaries that have vessels trading in U.S. waters has applied for and obtained from the U.S. Coast Guard National Pollution Funds Center, three-year certificates of financial responsibility, or “COFRs,” supported by guarantees which we purchased from an insurance-based provider. We believe that we will be able to continue to obtain the requisite guarantees and that we will continue to be granted COFRs from the U.S. Coast Guard for each of our vessels that is required to have one.
Future spills could prompt the U.S. Congress to consider legislation to increase or even eliminate the limits of liability under OPA 90. Compliance with any new requirements of OPA 90 may substantially impact our cost of operations or require us to incur additional expenses to comply with any new regulatory initiatives or statutes. Any additional legislation or regulation applicable to the operation of our vessels that may be adopted in the future could adversely affect our business and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Clean Water Act. The United States Clean Water Act, or “CWA,” prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances in United States navigable waters unless authorized by a permit or exemption and imposes strict liability in the form of penalties for unauthorized discharges. The CWA also imposes substantial liability for the costs of removal, remediation and damages and complements the remedies available under OPA and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The EPA has enacted rules governing the regulation of ballast water discharges and other discharges incidental to the normal operation of vessels within U.S. waters. The rules have historically required commercial vessels 79 feet in length or longer (other than commercial fishing vessels), or “Regulated Vessels,” to obtain a CWA permit regulating and authorizing such normal discharges. This permit, which the EPA has designated as the Vessel General Permit for Discharges Incidental to the Normal Operation of Vessels, or “VGP,” incorporates the current U.S. Coast Guard requirements for ballast water management as well as supplemental ballast water requirements, including limits applicable to 26 specific discharge streams, such as deck runoff, bilge water and gray water.
The VGP was updated in 2013 to incorporate numeric effluent limits for ballast water expressed as the maximum concentration of living organisms in ballast water, as opposed to the prior non-numeric requirements. These requirements correspond with the IMO’s requirements under the BWM Convention, as discussed above. The permit also contains maximum discharge limitations for biocides and residuals. All vessels calling on U.S. ports are now subject to the requirements of the VGP pending issuance of final, effective and enforceable U.S. Coast Guard regulations that address the implementation, compliance and enforcement of National Standards of Performance adopted in 2024 by the EPA, as discussed below.
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The 2013 VGP includes a tiered requirement for obtaining coverage based on the size of the vessel and the amount of ballast water carried. Vessels that are 300 gross tons or larger and have the capacity to carry more than eight cubic meters of ballast water must submit notices of intent (NOIs) to receive permit coverage between six and nine months after the permit’s issuance date. Vessels that do not need to submit NOIs are automatically authorized under the permit.
The VGP imposes additional requirements on certain Regulated Vessel types that emit discharges unique to those vessels. Administrative provisions, such as inspection, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, are also included for all Regulated Vessels.
In December 2018, the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (VIDA) was signed into law and restructured the EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard programs for regulating incidental discharges from vessels. Rather than requiring CWA permits, the discharges are regulated under a new CWA Section 312(p) establishing Uniform National Standards for Discharges Incidental to Normal Operation of Vessels. Under VIDA, VGP provisions and existing U.S. Coast Guard regulations are to be phased out and replaced with National Standards of Performance (NSPs) to be developed by EPA and implemented and enforced by the U.S. Coast Guard. The EPA rule promulgating these NSPs was published October 9, 2024, with an effective date of November 8, 2024. However, the NSPs will not become final, effective and enforceable until the corresponding U.S. Coast Guard regulations that address the implementation, compliance and enforcement of these EPA standards have been developed and become final, effective and enforceable. The required U.S. Coast Guard implementing regulations are under development. The EPA NSPs apply to discharges incident to the normal operation of non-Armed Forces, non-recreational vessels and include general discharge standards of performance, covering general operation and maintenance, biofouling management, and oil management, and specific discharge standards applicable to specified pieces of equipment and systems. As required by VIDA, EPA’s discharge standards of performance are at least as stringent as the requirements of the 2013 VGP, with limited exceptions. The scheduled expiration date of the 2013 VGP was December 18, 2018, but under VIDA the provisions of the VGP will remain in place until the new regulations are in place.
In addition to the requirements in the VGP (to be replaced by the NSPs established under VIDA), vessel owners and operators must meet 25 sets of state-specific requirements under the CWA’s § 401 certification process. Because the CWA § 401 process allows tribes and states to impose their own requirements for vessels operating within their waters, vessels operating in multiple jurisdictions could face potentially conflicting conditions specific to each jurisdiction that they travel through.
National Invasive Species Act. In March 2012, the U.S. Coast Guard issued a final rule establishing standards for the allowable concentration of living organisms in ballast water discharged in U.S. waters and requiring the phase-in of Coast Guard approved BWM Systems. The rule went into effect in June 2012 and adopts ballast water discharge standards for vessels calling on U.S. ports and intending to discharge ballast water equivalent to those set in IMO’s BWM Convention. The final rule requires that ballast water discharge have fewer than 10 living organisms per milliliter for organisms between 10 and 50 micrometers in size. For organisms larger than 50 micrometers, the discharge must have fewer than 10 living organisms per cubic meter of discharge. In May 2016, the U.S. Coast Guard published a review of the practicability of implementing a more stringent ballast water discharge standard. The results concluded that the technology to achieve a significant improvement in ballast water treatment efficacy cannot be practically implemented. If Coast Guard type approved technologies are not available by a vessel’s compliance date, the vessel may request an extension to the deadline from the U.S. Coast Guard. While the 2012 rule imposes consistent numeric effluent limits for living organisms in ballast water discharges, it does not provide for compliance date extensions if Coast Guard-approved treatment technologies are not available.
In February 2016, the U.S. Coast Guard issued a rule amending the Coast Guard’s ballast water management recordkeeping requirements to require vessels with ballast tanks operating exclusively on voyages between ports or places within a single Captain of the Port zone to submit an annual report of their ballast water management practices. Further, under the amended requirements, vessels may submit their reports after arrival at the port of destination before arrival. As discussed above, under VIDA, existing U.S. Coast Guard ballast water management regulations will be phased out and replaced with NSPs adopted by the EPA in 2024, which take effect once implementing regulations, to be adopted and enforced by the U.S. Coast Guard are in place.
Clean Air Act. The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970 , as amended ("CAA"), requires the EPA to promulgate standards applicable to emissions of volatile organic compounds and other air contaminants. Our vessels are subject to vapor control and recovery requirements for certain cargoes when loading, unloading, ballasting, cleaning and conducting other operations in regulated port areas and emission standards for so-called “Category 3” marine diesel engines operating in U.S. waters. On April 30, 2010, the EPA promulgated final emission standards for Category 3 marine diesel engines equivalent to those adopted in the amendments to Annex VI to MARPOL. These emission standards require an 80% reduction in nitrogen dioxides for newly-built engines effective 2016. In February 2015, the EPA amended its marine diesel engine requirements to temporarily allow marine equipment manufacturers to use allowances if a compliant marine engine is not available. Compliance with these standards may cause us to incur costs to install control equipment on our vessels in the future.
European Union Regulations. The European Union has also adopted legislation that could: (1) ban manifestly sub-standard vessels (defined as those over 15 years old that have been detained by port authorities at least twice in six months) from European waters and create an obligation of port states to inspect vessels posing a high risk to maritime safety or the marine environment; and (2) provide the European Union with greater authority and control over classification societies, including the ability to seek to suspend or revoke the authority of negligent societies.
The European Union has implemented regulations requiring vessels to use reduced sulfur content fuel for their main and auxiliary engines. The EU Directive 2005/EC/33 (amending Directive 1999/32/EC) introduced parallel requirements in the European Union to those in MARPOL Annex VI in respect of the sulfur content of marine fuels. In addition, it introduced a 0.1% maximum sulfur requirement for fuel used by ships at berths in EU ports,
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effective January 1, 2010. The European Commission amended directive 2005/33/EU to align it with the provisions of IMO 2020 on the sulfur content of marine fuels.
In 2005, the European Union adopted a directive on ship-source pollution, imposing criminal sanctions for intentional, reckless or negligent pollution discharges by ships. The directive could result in criminal liability for pollution from vessels in waters of European countries that adopt implementing legislation. Criminal liability for pollution may result in substantial penalties or fines and increased civil liability claims. We cannot predict what regulations, if any, may be adopted by the European Union or any other country or authority.
Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. The emissions of greenhouse gases from ships involved in international transport are not subject to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s Kyoto Protocol, or its successor, the Paris Agreement, which entered into force in 2005 and 2016, respectively, pursuant to which countries have produced national plans to reduce greenhouse emissions. However, since the entry into force of the Paris Agreement, the IMO has subsequently reaffirmed its strong commitment to continue to work to address greenhouse gas emissions from ships engaged in international trade. The IMO is evaluating various mandatory measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, which may include market-based instruments or a carbon tax. In June 2013, the European Commission developed a strategy to integrate maritime emissions into the overall European Union strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In accordance with this strategy, in April 2015 the European Parliament and Council adopted regulations requiring large vessels using European Union ports to monitor, report and verify their carbon dioxide emissions beginning in January 2018.
As of January 1, 2013, all new ships must comply with mandatory requirements adopted by the MEPC of IMO in July 2011 in part to address greenhouse gas emission. These requirements add energy efficiency standards through an Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). IMO’s Greenhouse Gas Working Group agreed on these guidelines to require all ships to develop and implement a Ship Energy Efficiency Plan, or SEEMP. The regulations apply to all ships of 400 tonnes gross tonnage and above. The IMO also adopted a mandatory requirement in October 2016 that ships of 5000 gross tonnage and above record and report their fuel oil consumption. The requirement entered into force on March 1, 2018. These rules will likely affect the operations of vessels that are registered in countries that are signatories to MARPOL Annex VI or vessels that call upon ports located within such countries. In November 2020, the MEPC adopted further amendments to MARPOL Annex VI intended to significantly strengthen the EEDI “phase 3” requirements. These amendments accelerate the entry into effect date of phase 3 from 2025 to 2022 for several ship types, including gas carriers, general cargo ships and LNG carriers and require new ships built from that date to be significantly more energy efficient. The MEPC also is looking into the possible introduction of a phase 4 of EEDI requirements. The IMO is also considering the development of a market-based mechanism for greenhouse gas emissions from ships. At the October 2016 Marine Environmental Protection Committee session, the IMO adopted a roadmap for developing a comprehensive IMO strategy on reduction of GHG emissions. In April 2018, the MEPC adopted an initial strategy designed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases from vessels, including short-term, mid-term and long-term candidate measures with a vision of reducing and phasing out greenhouse gas emissions from vessels as soon as possible in the 21st Century and to reduce the total annual GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008. The MEPC had indicated that it was targeting revising and strengthening its initial strategy in mid-2023. In June 2021, the MEPC adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI that entered into force November 1, 2022 and establish an enforceable regulatory framework to reduce GHG emissions from international shipping, consisting of technical and operational carbon reduction measures. These measures include use of an Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index, or EEXI, an operational Carbon Intensity Indicator, or CII and an enhanced SEEMP to drive carbon intensity reductions. A vessel’s attained EEXI will be calculated in accordance with values established based on type and size category, which compares the vessels’ energy efficiency to a baseline. A vessel will then be required to meet a specific EEXI based on a required reduction factor expressed as a percentage relative to the EEDI baseline. Under the MARPOL VI amendments, vessels with a gross tonnage of 5,000 or greater must determine their required annual operational CII and their annual carbon intensity reduction factor needed to ensure continuous improvement of the vessel’s CII. On an annual basis, the actual annual operational CII achieved must be documented and verified against the vessel’s required annual operational CII to determine the vessel’s operational carbon intensity rating on a performance level scale of A (major superior) to E (inferior). The performance level could be required to be recorded in the vessel’s SEEMP. A vessel with an E rating, or three consecutive years of a D (minor inferior) rating, will be required to submit a corrective action plan showing how the vessel could achieve a C (moderate) rating. The requirements for EEXI and CII certification included in the MARPOL Annex VI amendments took effect January 1, 2023, which means the first annual reporting was completed in 2023 and the first rating given in 2024. This regulatory approach is consistent with the IMO GHG Strategy target of a 40% carbon intensity reduction for international shipping by 2030, as compared to 2008.
The IMO Initial GHG Strategy contemplated the adoption of a revised strategy in 2023. This revised strategy, the 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (“2023 IMO GHG Strategy”), was adopted by the MEPC on July 7, 2023. The 2023 IMO GHG Strategy includes as a goal attaining net-zero GHG emissions from international shipping by or around 2050, promotes the uptake of alternative zero and near-zero GHG emissions technologies, fuels and/or energy sources by 2030, and identifies as indicative checkpoints a level of ambition at least a 20% reduction, compared to 2008, in total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by 2030 and at least a 70% reduction by 2040, striving for reductions of 30% by 2030 and 80% by 2040. The 2023 IMO GHG Strategy contemplates adoption of an updated strategy in 2028 and called for the adoption of mid-term GHG reduction measures by 2025 and the development, finalization and agreement on possible long-term GHG reduction measures as part of the 2028 strategy review. In furtherance of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy, in April 2025, a draft IMO Net-Zero Framework, which could amend MARPOL Annex VI, was approved in principle by member states and relevant committees, but in October 2025 the MEPC adjourned further negotiations and agreed to reconvene in 2026 to finalize outstanding draft amendments and implementation plans for the 2023 Strategy, with the earliest anticipated entry into force of
54 the amendments being March 2028. Shortly before the October 2025 MEPC meeting, the U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Secretary of Energy and U.S Secretary of Transportation issued a joint statement on behalf of the Trump Administration rejecting the IMO Net-Zero Framework proposal. The IMO Net-Zero Framework could establish a new global marine fuel standard providing for a phased reduction of GHG fuel intensity (“GFI”) and a new global economic measure/pricing mechanism requiring ships that emit above GFI thresholds to acquire “remedial units” to balance any deficit emissions and allowing ships using zero or near-zero GHG technologies to be eligible to earn “surplus units,” which could be banked and used in the future or sold for
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use by other ships. Remedial units could be secured from surplus units banked by the ship or transferred from other ships or acquired through contributions to a new “IMO Net-Zero Fund”.
The relatively slow progress of the IMO in addressing emissions of greenhouse gases from vessels prompted the EU to proceed on a parallel path of regulation. On September 15, 2020, the European Parliament adopted measures to include maritime transport in the EU’s emissions trading system as of 2022 and to set binding requirements for at least a 40% reduction (compared to 2018 levels) in GHG emissions by shipping companies by 2030. In July 2021, the European Commission announced proposals that would put in place measures to address greenhouse gases from shipping, including the phased inclusion of GHG emissions from large vessels in the EU emissions trading system beginning in 2023 and the inclusion of methane emissions in monitoring, reporting and verification requirements applicable to vessels. On May 10, 2023, the EU extended the EU-ETS to the shipping sector commencing January 1, 2024. Beginning in 2026, in addition to carbon dioxide emissions, the EU-ETS for shipping will cover methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Effective January 1, 2025, the EU’s regulation referred to as the FuelEU Maritime or FEUM Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/1805) sets maximum limits for the annual average carbon intensity of energy used by vessels over 5,000 gross tons that call at ports in the EU and institutes measures to require the carbon intensity of fuels used in the shipping sector to be gradually reduced over time, starting with a 2% reduction in 2025 and envisioning a reduction of up to 80% by 2050.
In the United States, the EPA issued a final finding in 2009 that greenhouse gases threaten public health and safety, which is known as the endangerment finding, and has promulgated regulations under the Clean Air Act that control the emission of greenhouse gases from mobile sources, but not from marine shipping vessels and their engines and fuels. On March 12, 2025, the EPA Administrator announced that EPA could be formally reconsidering its 2009 endangerment finding in collaboration with other federal agencies and that it intends to reconsider all prior EPA regulations relying on the endangerment finding. To this end, on August 1, 2025, the EPA published a proposal to reconsider and rescind the 2009 EPA endangerment finding. Nonetheless, it is possible that individual states, and in the future, the EPA, may decide to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from marine shipping vessels and their engines and fuels these sources. For example, the California Air Resources Board has adopted regulations, known as the 2020 At Berth Regulations. As of January 1, 2025, tanker vessels that visit the Ports of Los Angeles or Long Beach, California and, as of January 1, 2027, all other tanker vessels visiting California ports are subject to the 2020 At Berth Regulations, which impose emission control requirements.
Any passage of further climate control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the IMO, the European Union, the United States, or other countries where we operate, or any treaty adopted at the international level, that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could require us to make significant financial expenditures that we cannot predict with certainty at this time.
The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a European Union's policy to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the world’s first and largest carbon market, introduced in 2005 to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the EU. The EU ETS operates as a "cap-and-trade" system, where a cap is set on the total amount of GHGs that can be emitted by entities covered under the system. This cap decreases annually, in line with the EU’s climate goals. Entities must monitor and report emissions annually and must obtain and surrender allowances for each ton of CO₂ emitted. Non-compliance results in significant fines (€100 per ton of CO₂ plus the obligation to surrender the required allowances).
In 2023, the European Union expanded the EU ETS to include the maritime sector, reflecting its commitment to reducing emissions in all major industries.
As of January 2024, all ships exceeding 5,000 gross tons engaged in voyages to, from, or between European Economic Area (EEA) ports must comply with EU ETS obligations. The system initially covered CO₂ emissions, with methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions included beginning in 2026.
Shipping companies must procure allowances for a portion of their emissions, starting at 40% in 2024, increasing to 70% in 2025, and reaching full coverage (100%) by 2026. This expansion aims to reduce the maritime sector's significant contribution to global CO₂ emissions and incentivize cleaner technologies.
We are actively participating in the carbon market to procure allowances necessary to meet our obligations. Participation in the EU ETS aligns with our commitment to sustainability and reducing our carbon footprint, as outlined in our corporate ESG strategy.
Safety Requirements. The IMO has adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, (“SOLAS Convention”) and the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, or “LL Convention,” which impose a variety of standards to regulate design and operational features of ships. SOLAS Convention and LL Convention standards are revised periodically. All of our vessels are in compliance with SOLAS Convention and LL Convention standards.
Chapter IX of SOLAS, the requirements contained in the ISM Code, promulgated by the IMO, also affects our operations. The ISM Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel to develop and maintain an extensive safety management system that includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and describing procedures for responding to emergencies.
The ISM Code requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they operate. This certificate evidences compliance by a vessel’s management with code requirements for a safety management system. No vessel can obtain a certificate unless its manager has been awarded a
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document of compliance, issued by each flag state, under the ISM Code. We have obtained documents of compliance and safety management certificates for all of our vessels for which certificates are required by the IMO.
The International Labour Organization, (“ILO”) is a specialized agency of the United Nations with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The ILO has adopted the Maritime Labor Convention 2006, or “MLC 2006,” to improve safety on-board merchant vessels. A Maritime Labor Certificate and a Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance is required to ensure compliance with the MLC 2006 for all ships above 500 gross tons in international trade. On August 20, 2012, the required number of countries ratified the MCL 2006 and it came into force on August 20, 2013.
Vessel Security Regulations. To trade internationally, a vessel must attain an International Ship Security Certificate from a recognized security organization approved by the vessel’s flag state.
Among the various requirements are:
•on-board installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the vessel but only alert the authorities on shore;
•on-board installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for the automatic transmission of safety-related information from among similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a ship’s identity, position, course, speed and navigational status;
•the development of vessel security plans;
•ship identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel’s hull;
•a continuous synopsis record kept on-board showing a vessel’s history including, the name of the ship and of the state whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that state, the ship’s identification number, the port at which the ship is registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered address;
•compliance with flag state security certification requirements.
The U.S. Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from obtaining U.S. Coast Guard-approved Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2022 vessel security plans provided such vessels have on-board an International Ship Security Certificate, or “ISSC,” that attests to the vessel’s compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code.
Our vessels have Security Plans, appointed and trained Ship and Office Security Officers and each of our vessels in our fleet complies with the requirements of the ISPS Code and SOLAS.
Other Regulation. Our vessels may also become subject to the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea, 1996 as amended by the Protocol to the HNS Convention, adopted in April 2010, or the “2010 HNS Protocol,” and collectively, the “2010 HNS Convention,” if it is entered into force. At least 12 states must ratify or accede to the 2010 HNS Protocol for it to enter into effect. In November 2023, Slovakia became the eighth state to ratify the protocol. At least six more states must ratify or accede to the protocol for it to enter into effect. In 2020, EU Ministers signed a declaration highlighting the importance of ratifying the 2010 HNS Convention. A number of states have reported on significant progress toward implementation and ratification of the 2010 HNS Convention.
The Convention creates a regime of liability and compensation for damage from hazardous and noxious substances, or “HNS.” The 2010 HNS Convention sets up a two-tier system of compensation composed of compulsory insurance taken out by shipowners and an HNS Fund which comes into play when the insurance is insufficient to satisfy a claim or does not cover the incident. Under the 2010 HNS Convention, if damage is caused by bulk HNS, claims for compensation will first be sought from the shipowner up to a maximum of 100 million Special Drawing Rights, or “SDR,” which was equivalent to $138 million U.S. Dollars as of January 31, 2016. SDRs are supplementary, foreign exchange reserve assets created and maintained by the International Monetary Fund, or “IMF,” based upon a basket of currencies (consisting of the Euro, Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, Pound Sterling and U.S. Dollar). The SDR basket is reviewed every five years, or earlier if warranted, to ensure that the basket reflects the relative importance of currencies in the world’s trading and financial systems. SDRs are not a currency, but instead represent a claim to currency held by IMF member countries for which SDRs may be exchanged. Monetary values and limits in many international maritime treaties are expressed in terms of SDRs. As of December 31, 2025, the exchange rate was 1 SDR equal to 1.34 U.S. Dollars. If the damage is caused by packaged HNS or by both bulk and packaged HNS, the maximum liability is 115 million SDR (equivalent to approximately $154.1 million U.S. Dollars as of December 31, 2025). Once the limit is reached, compensation will be paid from the HNS Fund up to a maximum of 250 million SDR (equivalent to approximately $335 million U.S. Dollars as of December 31, 2025). The 2010 HNS Convention has not been ratified by a sufficient number of countries to enter into force, and we cannot estimate the costs that may be needed to comply with any such requirements that may be adopted with any certainty at this time.
In-House Inspections. We, NMM and PGS carry out inspections of the ships under management regularly; to verify conformity with managers’ reports on upkeep and maintenance. The result of these inspections, which are conducted both in port and underway, is a report containing action items and recommendations for improvements to the overall condition of the vessel, maintenance, safety and crew welfare. The vessels we manage in-house are inspected regularly to verify their condition and that upkeep, maintenance, crewing standards and welfare comply with the requirements of our Safety Management System. The same inspection regime is used by NMM and PGS and are audited on an annual basis.
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Corporate and Social Responsibility
We firmly believe that ensuring a safe working environment at sea and on shore is the first priority in a sustainable and efficient business, ensuring the safety of our employees, contractors and assets in everything we do. To achieve this, we do not tolerate any form of bribery, corruption or labor and human rights breaches. We have defined clear policies and expect employees, contractors, suppliers and customers to ensure compliance with the highest ethical standards.
The health and safety of our crew is paramount as we continue our vital role in the supply of liquefied gases worldwide while meeting the needs of our customers, suppliers and other partners. We have introduced significantly enhanced procedures onboard all our vessels, for agents and other shoreside personnel coming on board, as well as other lockdown procedures in the event of a crew member falling ill.
Competition
The process of obtaining new charters is highly competitive, generally involves an intensive screening process and competitive bids, and often extends for several months.
A significant proportion of our handysize liquefied gas carriers are contracted on 12-month or shorter time charters. We face competition for the employment of our vessels when these charters expire and for the employment of those vessels which trade on the spot market. Competition for mid- or longer-term charters is based primarily on experience and reputation for customer service, reliability, quality operations and safety, the experience and technical capability of the crews, the vessel’s efficiency, operational flexibility and physical life, and the competitiveness of the bid in terms of overall price.
Our existing fleet had an average age of 12.4 years as of December 31, 2025, compared to an average age of 11.7 years as of December 31, 2024. We believe that our relatively young fleet positions us well to compete in terms of our vessels meeting the strategic and operational needs of our customers. We own and operate the largest fleet in the handysize segment, which, in our view, enhances our position relative to our competitors. While there are some barriers to entry for operating liquefied gas carriers, including the complexity of operating semi-refrigerated gas carriers that constantly require switching between cargo types, crew expertise, and the availability of finance, new entrants have entered the market over the last number of years.
We believe that the market for obtaining new charters will continue to be highly competitive for the foreseeable future. However, we believe that our reputation, the reliability we strive to provide to our customers, the experience of the crews that service our vessels and the age and technical ability of our versatile fleet will provide us with a competitive advantage, both within the handysize segment and across the broader liquefied gas carrier industry.
Employees
We had 175 shore based employees as of December 31, 2025, compared to 175 shore based employees at the end of December 31, 2024. We also had approximately 1,800 crew onboard our vessels at each of those dates. We consider our employee relations to be good.
Legal Proceedings
In the future we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including personal injury and property casualty claims. These claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We are not aware of any legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on us.
Exchange Controls
Under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law, there are no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of distributions, interest or other payments to non-resident and non-citizen shareholders.
Taxation of the Company
Certain of our subsidiaries are subject to taxation in the jurisdictions in which they are organized, conduct business or own assets. We intend that our business and the business of our subsidiaries will be conducted and operated in a manner designed to minimize the tax imposed on us and our subsidiaries. However, we cannot assure this result as tax laws in these or other jurisdictions may change or we may enter into new business transactions relating to such jurisdictions, which could affect our tax liability.
U.S. Taxation. The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us. This discussion is based upon provisions of the Code, final and temporary Treasury Regulations thereunder, and administrative rulings and court decisions, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. Changes in these authorities may cause the tax consequences to vary substantially from the consequences described below. The following discussion is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us.
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Status as a Corporation. We are treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, we are subject to U.S. federal income tax on our income to the extent it is from U.S. sources or is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States as discussed below, unless such income is exempt from tax under Section 883 of the Code.
Taxation of Operating Income. Substantially all of our gross income for 2025 was, and we expect that a significant proportion of our future gross income will be, attributable to the transportation of liquid petroleum gas, petrochemicals and related products. Gross income that is attributable to such transportation that either begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States, or “U.S. Source International Transportation Income,” is considered to be 50% derived from sources within the United States, and such U.S. source portion may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as described below.
Gross income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States, or “U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income,” is considered to be 100% derived from sources within the United States and generally is subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis.
Gross income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. destinations is considered to be 100% derived from sources outside the United States and generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax. We are not permitted by law to engage in transportation that gives rise to U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income. However, certain of our activities give rise to U.S. Source International Transportation Income, and we may in the future expand our operations in the United States, which could increase the amount of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income, and such income generally could be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless the exemption from U.S. taxation under Section 883 of the Code, or the “Section 883 Exemption,” applies.
The Section 883 Exemption. In general, the Section 883 Exemption provides that if a non-U.S. corporation satisfies the requirements of Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, or the “Section 883 Regulations,” it will not be subject to the net basis and branch profits taxes or the 4% gross basis tax described below on its U.S. Source International Transportation Income. The Section 883 Exemption applies only to U.S. Source International Transportation Income and does not apply to U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income.
We will qualify for the Section 883 Exemption if, among other things, we meet the following three requirements:
•we are organized in a jurisdiction outside the United States that grants an equivalent exemption from tax to corporations organized in the United States with respect to the types of U.S. Source International Transportation Income that we earn, or an “Equivalent Exemption”;
•we satisfy the Publicly Traded Test (as described below); and
•we meet certain substantiation, reporting, and other requirements, or the "Substantiation Requirement”.
We are organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, which is a jurisdiction that the U.S. Treasury Department has recognized as granting an Equivalent Exemption with respect to the type of U.S. Source International Transportation Income we earn. Provided we satisfy the Publicly Traded Test and the Substantiation Requirement, which we believe we will be able to satisfy, our U.S. Source International Transportation Income (including for this purpose, any such income earned by our subsidiaries) will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation.
From the 2014 taxable year through the 2025 taxable year, we believe that we satisfied the requirements of the Section 883 exemption, including the Publicly Traded Test, and therefore we were not subject to U.S. federal income taxation on our U.S. Source International Transportation Income. For future taxable years, we believe we will be able to satisfy the Publicly Traded Test, provided we satisfy the listing and trading volume requirements described previously and the Closely Held Block Exception does not apply for such years.
The Section 883 Exemption - The Public Traded Test. In order for a non-U.S. corporation to meet the Publicly Traded Test, its equity interests must be “primarily traded” and “regularly traded” on an established securities market either in the United States or in a jurisdiction outside the United States that grants an Equivalent Exemption. The Section 883 Regulations provide that equity interests in a non-U.S. corporation will be considered to be “primarily traded” on an established securities market in a given country if, with respect to the class or classes of equity relied upon to meet the “regularly traded” requirement described below, the number of shares of each such class that are traded during any taxable year on all established securities markets in that country exceeds the number of shares in such class that is traded during that year on established securities markets in any other single country.
Equity interests in a non-U.S. corporation will be considered to be “regularly traded” on an established securities market under the Section 883 Regulations if one or more classes of such equity interests that, in the aggregate, represent more than 50% of the combined vote and value of all outstanding equity interests in the non-U.S. corporation satisfy certain listing and trading volume requirements. These listing and trading volume requirements will be satisfied with respect to a class of equity interests if trades in such class are effected, other than in de minimis quantities, on an established securities market on at least 60 days during the taxable year and the aggregate number of shares in such class that are traded on an established securities market during the taxable year is at least 10% of the average number of shares outstanding in that class during the taxable year (with special rules for short taxable years). In addition, a class of equity interests will be considered to satisfy these listing and trading volume requirements if the equity interests in such class are traded during the taxable year on an established securities market in the United States and are “regularly quoted by dealers making a market” in such class (within the meaning of the Section 883 Regulations).
Even if a class of equity satisfies the foregoing requirements, and thus generally could be treated as “regularly traded” on an established securities market, an exception may apply to cause the class to fail the regularly traded test if, for more than half of the number of days during the taxable year, one or more 5% shareholders (i.e., shareholders owning, actually or constructively, at least 5% of the vote and value of that class) own in the aggregate 50% or more of the vote and value of the class (which we refer to as the “Closely Held Block Exception”). For purposes of identifying its 5% shareholders, a
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corporation is entitled to rely on Schedule 13D and Schedule 13G filings made with the SEC. The Closely Held Block Exception does not apply, however, in the event the corporation can establish that a sufficient proportion of such 5% shareholders are Qualified Shareholders (as defined below) so as to preclude 5% shareholders who are not Qualified Shareholders from owning 50% or more of the value of that class for more than half the days during the taxable year. For this purpose, Qualified Shareholders include:
•individual residents of jurisdictions that grant an Equivalent Exemption;
•non-U.S. corporations organized in jurisdictions that grant an Equivalent Exemption and that meet the Publicly Traded Test; and
•certain other qualified persons described in the Section 883 Regulations.
Our common stock, which is our only class of equity outstanding, represents more than 50% of the total combined voting power and value of all classes of our equity interests entitled to vote. In addition, because our common stock is traded only on the NYSE, which is considered to be an established securities market, our equity interests are “primarily traded” on an established securities market for purposes of the Publicly Traded Test. Further, we anticipate that our common stock will meet the “regularly traded” requirement of the Publicly Traded Test.
According to Schedule 13D and Schedule 13G filings with the SEC, as of December 31, 2025, 5% shareholders own, in the aggregate, more than 50% of the total vote and value of our common stock. Assuming such 5% shareholders continue to be 5% shareholders and continue to own 50% or more of our common stock for the foreseeable future, the Closely Held Block Exception generally could cause us to fail the regularly traded requirement of the Publicly Traded Test for the current and future taxable years. However, we intend to obtain ownership statements that we believe will establish that a sufficient proportion of our 5% shareholders are ultimately owned by Qualified Shareholders so as to cause the Closely Held Block Exception not to apply for the foreseeable future.
Notwithstanding our current expectations, additional persons that are not Qualified Shareholders may become 5% shareholders at any time. If 50% or more of our common stock were held by 5% shareholders (other than Qualified Shareholders) for more than half of the days of the current or any future year, we likely could not qualify for an exemption under Section 883 for such taxable year, due to the Closely Held Block Exception. Because qualification for the Section 883 Exemption depends upon factual matters that are subject to change and are outside of our control, there can be no assurance that we will be able to satisfy the Publicly Traded Test for the current or any future taxable year. Please see “—The Net Basis Tax and Branch Profits Tax” and “—The 4% Gross Basis Tax” below for a discussion of the consequences in the event we do not satisfy the Publicly Traded Test or otherwise fail to qualify for the Section 883 Exemption.
The Net Basis Tax and Branch Profits Tax. If we earn U.S. Source International Transportation Income and the Section 883 Exemption does not apply, then the U.S. source portion of such income may be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, or “Effectively Connected Income,” if (1) we have a fixed place of business in the United States involved in the earning of such U.S. Source International Transportation Income and (2) substantially all of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation or, in the case of vessel leasing income, is attributable to a fixed place of business in the United States. In addition, if we earn other types of income within the territorial seas of the United States, such income may be treated as Effectively Connected Income.
Based on our current and projected methods of operation, we do not believe that any of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income will be treated as Effectively Connected Income. However, there is no assurance that we will not earn substantial amounts of income from regularly scheduled transportation or bareboat charters attributable to a fixed place of business in the United States (or earn income from other activities within the territorial seas of the United States) in the future, which could result in such income being treated as Effectively Connected Income if the Section 883 Exemption does not apply.
Any income we earn that is treated as Effectively Connected Income, net of applicable deductions, could be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax (generally at a rate of 21%). In addition, a 30% branch profits tax could be imposed on any income we earn that is treated as Effectively Connected Income, as determined after allowance for certain adjustments, and on certain interest paid or deemed paid by us in connection with the conduct of our U.S. trade or business.
On the sale of a vessel that has produced Effectively Connected Income, we could be subject to the net basis U.S. federal corporate income tax as well as branch profits tax with respect to any gain recognized up to the amount of certain prior deductions for the depreciation that reduced Effectively Connected Income. Otherwise, we could not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to any gain realized on the sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States under general U.S. federal income tax principles. In general, the sale of a vessel will be considered to occur outside of the United States for this purpose if title to the vessel, and risk of loss with respect to the vessel, pass to the buyer outside the United States. It is expected that any sale of a vessel by us will be considered to occur outside the United States.
As noted above, the Ethylene Export Terminal on the U.S. Gulf Coast, which initially became operational in 2019, generated a portion of our gross income for 2025 from its operations. Our U.S. corporate subsidiary that owns our interest in the Ethylene Export Terminal is subject to U.S. federal income tax (generally at a rate of 21%) on its 50% share of any net income from the Ethylene Export Terminal, and U.S. withholding tax generally will apply to dividends paid by such U.S. corporate subsidiary to its shareholder (subject to any tax treaty provisions that may apply).
The 4% Gross Basis Tax. If the Section 883 Exemption does not apply and the Net Basis Tax does not apply, we will be subject to a 4% U.S. federal income tax on the U.S. source portion of our gross U.S. Source International Transportation Income, without the benefit of deductions. Under the
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sourcing rules described above under “—Taxation of Operating Income,” 50% of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income could be treated as being derived from U.S. sources.
Republic of the Marshall Islands Taxation. Certain of our vessel-owning subsidiaries are companies incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. We believe that because we and our controlled affiliates do not, and do not expect to (and assuming they continue not to), carry on business or conduct transactions or operations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, neither we nor our controlled affiliates will be subject to income, capital gains, profits, or other taxation under current Republic of the Marshall Islands law. As a result, distributions by our controlled affiliates will not be subject to Republic of the Marshall Islands taxation.
Panama Taxation. Certain of our vessel-owning subsidiaries are companies incorporated in the Republic of Panama. Companies that own vessels engaged in international transportation are not subject to taxes in Panama.
Denmark Taxation. A number of our subsidiaries are incorporated companies in Denmark. These Danish vessel owning companies are entered into Danish tonnage tax which results in taxation being incurred based on the tonnage of the vessels, regardless of their operational results.
United Kingdom Taxation. A number of our subsidiaries are U.K. incorporated companies and are subject to U.K. corporation tax. If we and any of our controlled affiliates not incorporated in the U.K ensure that our central management and control is exercised outside of the United Kingdom, and we do not otherwise create a U.K. permanent establishment by carrying on business in the U.K, we believe we should not become subject to U.K. corporation tax. Where a company’s central management and control is exercised is a question of fact to be decided in accordance with the particular circumstances of each company. Similarly, diverted profits tax, which was introduced in the U.K to counter arrangements where profits are diverted to fall outside of the charge to U.K. corporation tax, could become a future risk. However, any distributions paid by our U.K. subsidiaries will not be subject to U.K. taxation as the U.K. does not levy withholding tax on dividends.
Singapore Taxation. Falcon Funding PTE Ltd is a Singaporean service company and is subject to Singaporean tax.
Indonesia Taxation. PT Navigator Khatulistiwa (“PTNK”) is an Indonesian limited liability company and a joint venture, of which 49% of the voting and dividend rights are owned by our wholly owned subsidiary, and 51% of such rights are owned by Indonesian limited liability companies. Whilst our wholly owned subsidiary owns 49% of PTNK’s common stock, it owns all of its debt, has overall control, and owns all economic interests in the residual net assets of PTNK. PTNK was subject to Indonesian freight tax on all its gross shipping transportation revenue at a rate of 1.2% when vessels were performing Indonesian cabotage, and 2.64% in the event a vessel performed an international voyage. Dividends paid by PTNK are expected to be subject to a 10% Indonesian withholding tax.
Poland Taxation. NGT Services (Poland) Sp. Z O.O. is a Polish service company and is subject to Polish tax.
| C. | Organizational Structure | |||||||
See Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report— List of Subsidiaries, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 4.C.
| D. | Property, Plant and Equipment | |||||||
Other than our vessels and our investment in the Ethylene Export Terminal, we do not own any material property. We lease office space for our offices in London, Copenhagen, Gdynia, Houston and Manila.
The lease term for our office in London, U.K. commenced in January 2022 and is for a period of 10 years with a break option in February 2027 (the "Break Option"), on the fifth anniversary of the lease commencement date. It is a requirement under lease that the Break Option be declared 12 months in advance, and in January 2026 the Company agreed not to declare the Break Option in return for the removal of an upward-only rent review clause in the lease in relation to the second five-year period of the lease. The gross rent (excluding services charges and business rates) per year for our office lease is approximately $1.2 million.
The long-lease term for our office in Copenhagen, Denmark commenced in September 2021 and expired in December 2025 however we continue to lease the office on a 6-month rolling-basis. The gross rent per year for our office lease is approximately $0.2 million.
The lease term for our office in Gdynia, Poland was renewed during 2024 and now expires on March 30, 2029. The gross rent per year is approximately $0.1 million.
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The lease term for our office in Houston, U.S. commenced on 1 April, 2025 and is for a period of 43 months. The gross rent per year for our office lease is approximately $0.1 million.
The lease term for our office in Manila, Philippines commenced in July 2025 and expires in June 2028. The gross rent per year for our office lease is approximately $0.1 million.
Item 4A. | Unresolved Staff Comments | ||||
None.
Item 5 | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | ||||
| A. | Operating Results | |||||||
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and operating results in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Among other things, those consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or “U.S. GAAP,” and are presented in U.S. Dollars unless otherwise indicated. Any amounts converted from another non-U.S. currency to U.S. Dollars in this annual report were converted at the rate applicable at the relevant date, or the average rate during the applicable period.
Overview
On December 31, 2025 we were the owner and operator of 57 liquefied gas carriers, which includes the world’s largest fleet of handysize liquefied gas carriers. We also own a 50% share in an Ethylene Export Terminal at Morgan’s Point, Texas on the Houston Ship Channel through our Export Terminal Joint Venture. We provide international and regional seaborne transportation services of petrochemical gases, LPG and ammonia for energy companies, industrial users and commodity traders. These gases are transported in liquefied form, by applying cooling and/or pressure, to reduce volume by up to 900 times depending on the cargo, making their transportation more efficient and economical.
We operate in one business segment. As of December 31, 2025, we owned and operated 57 vessels, eight of which were commercially managed through the independent Unigas Pool, and we commercially managed the other 49 vessels employing them under a combination of time charters, COA’s and voyage charters on the spot market. As of December 31, 2025, 29 vessels were employed under time charters (December 31, 2024: 32 vessels), one was employed under a contract of affreightment (December 31, 2024: one vessel) and 19 were employed in the spot market (December 31, 2024: 14 vessels). Our 49 operated vessels earned an average time charter equivalent rate of approximately $30,110 per vessel per day ($915,832 per vessel per calendar month) during the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $28,826 per vessel per day ($876,776 per vessel per calendar month) for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Our Ethylene Export Terminal, owned by the Export Terminal Joint Venture, includes an ethylene cryogenic storage tank with a capacity of 30,000 tons, and has the capacity to export approximately 1.55 million tons of ethylene per year and load ethylene-capable gas carriers at rates of 1,000 tons per hour. Since January 2026, two new offtake contracts related to the Ethylene Export Terminal’s available ethylene volumes have been signed by new customers, and we continue to expect that additional capacity will be contracted during 2026. Until further offtake contracts are signed, volumes will be sold and made available on a spot contract basis.
Fleet Renewal
On August 23, 2024, the Company entered into contracts to build the Original Two Newbuild Vessels. As part of the agreements then made, the Company held an option to build two additional vessels of the same specification and price. On November 21, 2024, the Company exercised the option and entered into contracts to build the Additional Two Newbuild Vessels. The total Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels are scheduled to be delivered to the Company in March 2027, July 2027, November 2027 and January 2028 respectively, at an average shipyard price of $102.9 million per vessel. The Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels will be able to carry a wide variety of gas products, ranging from complex petrochemical gases, including ethylene and ethane, to LPG and clean ammonia. Additionally, the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels will be fitted with dual-fuel engines for ethane, a low-carbon intensity transitional fuel, and made retrofit-ready for using ammonia as a fuel in the future, and additionally they will be capable of transiting through both the former and the new Panama Canal locks, providing enhanced flexibility.
The Company expects to finance the cost of the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels using debt and cash on hand, and the Company is well-progressed with arranging such third-party debt finance for all of the four vessels. The Company has signed a short-term time charter contract for one of its Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels.
On January 7, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire three German-built 17,000 cubic meter capacity, ethylene-capable liquefied gas vessels (the "Purchased Vessels"). On February 19, 2025, the Company acquired the first of the three Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator
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Hyperion for $27.4 million. On February 24, 2025, the Company acquired the second of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Titan for $27.4 million. On March 17, 2025, the Company acquired the third of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Vesta, for $29.2 million.
On February 7, 2025, the Company entered into a $74.6 million Senior Secured Term Loan (the “February 2025 Facility”) with Nordea Bank Abp, to partially finance the purchase price of the three Purchased Vessels and used cash on hand to pay the remainder of the purchase price. The February 2025 Facility is initially non-amortizing, bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 180 basis points and matures after 18 months. At that time, the borrower has an option to extend the February 2025 Facility for a further 18 months on payment of a $25 million balloon. Should the borrower take the extension option the February 2025 Facility will become amortizing with repayments made on the basis of an age-adjusted 20 to 0 years repayment profile and bear interest at Term SOFR plus 180 basis points.
On July 17, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into a joint venture agreement with Amon Gas. The Amon Joint Venture intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic-meter capacity ammonia-fueled, ice-class, liquefied ammonia carriers, which will also be capable of carrying liquefied petroleum gas ("the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels"). On December 31, 2025, the Company owned 61% of the Amon Joint Venture, and Amon Gas owned 39%. Under the terms and conditions of the investment, the Company expects to own 79.5% of the Amon Joint Venture and Amon Gas expects to own 20.5% when the vessels are delivered in 2028.
The Amon Joint Venture has entered into contracts with Nantong CIMC Sinopacific Offshore & Engineering Co., Ltd. to build the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, with deliveries scheduled to take place in June and October 2028 respectively, at an average yard price of $87 million per vessel. Each of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels has been awarded a NOK 90 million (approx. $9 million) investment grant from the Norwegian government agency Enova to be drawn down in accordance with the agreed terms over the course of the vessels' construction period. In addition to the Enova Grant, it is expected that the Amon Joint Venture will finance the remainder of the purchase price of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels through commercial bank finance, with the remainder sourced from capital contributions from the Company and Amon Gas. The Company expects to finance its share of the capital contributions from available cash resources.
Once delivered, subject to customary conditions, each of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels is expected to be operated by the Amon Joint Venture pursuant to a five-year time charter with Yara International ASA ("Yara").
During 2025, the Company sold two vessels, Navigator Venus, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize vessel and Navigator Gemini, a 2009-built 20,750 cbm semi-refrigerated handysize vessel.
Legal Overview
The Company in 2026 intends to seek shareholder approval in connection with a potential change in its corporate domicile from the Marshall Islands to England and Wales (the “Company Redomiciliation”). In connection with the Company Redomiciliation, the Company also has plans to redomicile various of its subsidiaries to England and Wales and / or Denmark and has formed new English and Danish subsidiaries and plans to move applicable assets of its various subsidiaries to the newly formed entities (the “Subsidiary Redomiciliations” and, together with the Company Redomiciliation, the “Redomiciliations”). The Company expects that the Redomiciliations will better align the Company’s corporate structure with its current and future business activities and financing plans. Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has not yet approved the Company Redomiciliation, which will also need to be put before a meeting of the Company’s shareholders. If shareholder approval of the Company Redomiciliation is received and the Redomiciliations are ultimately completed, we do not expect that the Redomiciliations will have a material impact on our employees, our day-to-day business and operations, or our services to customers. We do not yet know when the Company Redomiciliation will be presented to the Company's shareholders, if at all. However, we have been working to present the matter to the Company's shareholders at our next Annual General Meeting, which we expect to take place in or around June 2026.Nothing in this report should be construed as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities in connection with the potential Redomiciliations, nor an agreement or promise that any redomiciliation will occur, nor is it a solicitation of any vote, consent or approval in connection with the potential Company Redomiciliation.
If the planned Company Redomiciliation is not completed on the expected schedule, or if the planned Company Redomiciliation is not completed at all, trading in our common stock could be negatively affected. The market prices of our common stock currently and in the period prior to completion of the Company Redomiciliation (or failing to complete the Company Redomiciliation) may reflect a market assumption that the Company Redomiciliation will be completed. If the Company Redomiciliation is not completed, this could result in a negative perception by the stock market of the Company generally and a decline in the market price of our common stock.
In February 2025, as part of an investigation into allegations of corruption, Muhamad Kerry Adrianto and certain other business partners and executives of PT Pertamina (Persero), Indonesia's state-owned energy company (“Pertamina”), were arrested by Indonesian authorities. The allegations relate to the mismanagement of crude oil and oil refinery products at Pertamina between 2018 and 2023. The legal proceedings linked with the investigation by local authorities relating to nine individuals concluded in February 2026, with all nine defendants being found guilty. Mr. Adrianto was given a custodial sentence of 15 years, a fine of around $60,000 and an order to pay compensation of approximately $173 million. On March 5, 2026, Mr. Adrianto lodged an appeal to his sentence with the High Court in Indonesia and we continue to monitor developments.
Mr Adrianto served as a director of PTNK, our Indonesian joint venture, until September 2025 when he was replaced as a director of PTNK.
We continue to believe that the events surrounding Mr. Adrianto will not have a material impact on the Company or our operations.
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Separately and following the natural cessation of the Company's PTNK business in Indonesia on expiry of the last remaining time charter contract on February 15, 2025, Navigator Aries was sold to an entity under common control of the Company on October 1, 2025, in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet. On January 6, 2026, Navigator Pluto was sold to an entity under common control of the Company in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet. On December 31, 2025, two unencumbered vessels in our fleet and approximately $39.5 million cash, which is recorded as restricted cash, were owned by PTNK. The vessels were previously on time charter for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas within Indonesia, the last and most recent of which expired by its terms in February 2025.
Vessel Contracts
We generate revenue by providing seaborne transportation services to customers pursuant to the following five types of contractual relationships:
Time Charters. A time charter is a contract under which a vessel is chartered for a defined period of time at a fixed daily or monthly rate. Under time charters, we are responsible for providing crewing and other vessel operating services, the cost of which is intended to be covered by the fixed rate, while the customer is responsible for substantially all of the voyage expenses, including any bunker fuel consumption, port expenses and canal tolls. 10 of our 29 time charters at December 31, 2025 are for charters exceeding 12 months. For the year ended December 31, 2025 approximately 66.9% of our revenue was generated pursuant to time charters, compared to approximately 65.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Voyage Charters. A voyage charter or spot charter is a contract, typically for shorter intervals, for transportation of a specified cargo between two or more designated ports. This type of charter is priced on a current or “spot” market rate, typically on a price per ton of product carried rather than a daily or monthly rate. Under voyage charters, we are responsible for all of the voyage expenses in addition to providing the crewing and other vessel operating services. Petrochemical gases have typically been transported pursuant to voyage charters, as the seaborne transportation requirements of petrochemical product traders have historically resulted from a particular product arbitrage at a point in time. For the year ended December 31, 2025, approximately 31.1% of our revenue was generated pursuant to voyage charters, compared to approximately 32.1% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Contracts of Affreightment. A contract of affreightment ("COA") is a contract to carry specified quantities of cargo, usually over prescribed shipping routes, on a fixed price per ton basis (often subject to fuel price or other adjustments) over a defined period of time. As such, a COA essentially consists of a number of voyage charters to carry a specified amount of cargo over a specified time period which can span several months or potentially years, typically without prescribing which vessel must undertake the carriage of which cargo. Similar to a voyage charter, we are typically responsible for all voyage expenses in addition to providing all crewing and other vessel operating services when trading under a COA. For the year ended December 31, 2025, approximately 2.0% of our revenue was generated pursuant to COAs, compared to approximately 2.1% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Unigas Pool. Revenue from the Unigas Pool represents our share of pool net revenues earned from our vessels operating within the independent commercially managed Unigas Pool, based on agreed pool points. For the year ended December 31, 2025, Unigas Pool revenues represented approximately 8.3% of our total operating revenues compared to approximately 9.7% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Vessels operating on time charters and longer-term COAs provide more predictable cash flows but can potentially yield lower profit margins than vessels operating in the spot charter market during periods of favorable market conditions. Accordingly, as a result of a portion of our fleet being committed on time charters and COAs, we will be unable to take full advantage of improving charter rates to the same extent as we could if our vessels were employed only on spot charters. Conversely, vessels operating in the spot charter market generate revenue that is less predictable, but they may enable us to capture increased profit margins during periods of improving charter rates. However, operating in the spot charter market exposes us to the risks of declining vessel charter rates and relatively lower utilization rates as compared to time charters and certain COAs, which may have a materially adverse impact on our financial performance. Notwithstanding these risks, we believe that providing liquefied gas transportation services in the spot charter market is important, as it provides us with greater insight into market trends and opportunities.
We believe that the size and versatility of our fleet, which enables us to carry the broadest set of liquefied gases across a diverse range of conditions and geographies, together with our track record of operational excellence, positions us as the partner of choice for many companies requiring seaborne liquefied gas transportation and distribution solutions. In addition, we believe that the versatility of our fleet affords us opportunities not available to many of our competitors, thereby providing us with opportunities to increase utilization and profitability. We seek to enhance our returns through a flexible, customer-driven chartering strategy that combines a base of time charters and COAs with more opportunistic, spot voyage charters.
Important Financial and Operational Terms and Concepts
We use a variety of financial and operational terms and concepts in the evaluation of our business and operations. These include the following:
Operating Revenues. Our operating revenues include revenue from time charters, spot or voyage charters, COA’s and pool arrangements. Operating revenues are affected by the mix of business between time charters, voyage charters and pool arrangements, as well as charter rates and the number of days each vessel operates. Rates for voyage charters are more volatile as they are typically tied to prevailing market rates at the time of the voyage. Historically, voyage charters have usually represented a smaller proportion of our annual operating revenue, but this can change as we transport more petrochemicals, including ethylene, typically by voyage charters or COAs.
Brokerage Commissions. Brokerage commissions are costs remitted to shipping brokers for arranging business between us and our customers for our vessels and are typically calculated as a percentage of charter hire.
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Voyage Expenses. Voyage expenses are all expenses unique to a particular voyage, principally bunker fuel consumption, port expenses and canal tolls. Voyage expenses are paid by the shipowner under voyage charters and contracts of affreightment and by the charterer under time charters. The gross revenue received by the shipowner under voyage charters and COAs is higher than that received under comparable time charters so as to compensate the shipowner for bearing all voyage expenses. As a result, our operating revenues and voyage expenses may vary significantly depending on our mix of time charters, voyage charters and COAs.
Vessel Operating Expenses. Vessel operating expenses are expenses that are not unique to a specific voyage in operating the vessel. Vessel operating expenses include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the cost of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes and other miscellaneous expenses. Our vessel operating expenses will increase as the age of our fleet increases. Other factors that are beyond our control may also cause these expenses to increase, including developments relating to market prices for insurance and crewing costs.
In connection with providing us with technical management for our fleet, NMM and PGS receive crewing and technical management fees of approximately $0.2 million per vessel per year, which fees are considered to be vessel operating expenses. Certain vessels which are under in-house technical management have the crewing function managed by one of our third-party technical managers for a fee. Our technical and crew management agreements continue until terminated on at least three months’ notice by either party, subject to certain exceptions. As of December 31, 2025, we managed 38 of the vessels in our fleet in-house.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense consists of:
•charges related to the depreciation of the historical cost of our fleet (or the revalued amount), less the estimated residual value of our vessels, calculated on a straight-line basis over their useful life, which is estimated to be 25 years; and
•charges related to the amortization of capitalized drydocking expenditures relating to our fleet over the period between drydockings.
General and Administrative Costs. General and administrative costs principally consist of the costs incurred in operating our London, Copenhagen, Gdynia, Houston and Manila offices, which manage our chartering, operations, technical management, accounting and administrative functions; our advisors’ services, including ongoing internal and external audit costs, taxation, legal and corporate services; and certain costs and expenses attributable to our board of directors. Please read “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Commercial Management of the Fleet.” We incur additional expenses as a result of being a publicly-traded corporation, including costs associated with maintaining internal controls, quarterly and annual reports to shareholders and SEC filings, investor relations and NYSE annual listing fees. We may also grant equity compensation that could result in an expense to us. Please read “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Compensation—Equity Compensation Plans—2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan and equity Compensation Plans—2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan.”
Net Other income. Net Other income consists of single, non-recurring receipts of a one-off nature and does not form part of ongoing operating income or expense.
Interest expense and interest income. Interest expense depends on our level of borrowings and may also change with prevailing interest rates, although our interest rate swaps or other derivative instruments may reduce the effect of these changes. Interest income will depend on prevailing interest rates and the level of our cash deposits and restricted cash deposits.
Drydocking. We must periodically drydock each of our vessels for repairs and maintenance, for inspection of the underwater parts of the vessel that cannot be performed while the vessels are operating, and for any modifications to comply with industry certification or regulatory requirements. We are required to drydock a vessel once every five years until it reaches 15 years of age, after which we are required to drydock the applicable vessel approximately every two and a half years.
We capitalize costs associated with the drydockings in accordance with U.S. GAAP and amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the period to the next scheduled drydocking of the vessel. Costs incurred during the drydocking period which relate to routine repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The number of drydockings undertaken in a given period and the nature of the work performed determine the level of drydocking expenditures.
Ownership Days. We define ownership days as the aggregate number of days in a period that each vessel in our fleet is owned by us. Ownership days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and the potential amount of revenue and expenses that we may record in a period.
Available Days. We define available days as ownership days less aggregate offhire days associated with major scheduled maintenance, which principally includes drydockings, special or intermediate surveys, vessel upgrades or major repairs. We use available days to measure the number of days in a period that our operated vessels should be capable of generating revenue.
Earning Days. We define earning days as available days less the aggregate number of days that our operated vessels are not generating revenue, which includes idle days and offhire days for any reason other than major scheduled maintenance. We use earning days to measure the aggregate number of days in a period that our operated vessels are servicing our customers.
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Fleet Utilization. We define fleet utilization as the total number of earning days in a period divided by the total number of available days during that period.
Time Charter Equivalent. Time Charter Equivalent ("TCE") is a measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel. TCE is not calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For all charters, we calculate TCE by dividing total operating revenues (excluding collaborative arrangements and revenues from the Unigas Pool), less any voyage expenses (excluding collaborative arrangements), by the number of earning days for the relevant period. TCE rates exclude the effects of the collaborative arrangements, as earning days and fleet utilization, on which TCE rates are based, are calculated for our owned vessels, and not an average of all pool vessels. Under a time charter, the charterer pays substantially all of the vessel voyage related expenses, whereas for voyage charters, also known as spot market charters, we pay all voyage expenses. TCE is a shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a company’s performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e., spot charters, time charters and contracts of affreightment) under which the vessels may be employed between the periods. Our calculation of TCE may not be comparable to that reported by other companies.
Daily Vessel Operating Expenses. Daily vessel operating expenses are calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the relevant time period.
Operating Results
Factors Affecting Comparability
You should consider the following factors, amongst other things, when evaluating our historical financial performance and assessing our future prospects:
•Investment in the Export Terminal Joint Venture. The Ethylene Export Terminal was fully operational with 815,971 tons of ethylene throughput during 2025, compared to 732,378 tons during 2024. The results from the Export Terminal Joint Venture are shown as “Share of results of equity method investments” on our consolidated statements of operations.
Together with Enterprise Products Partners L.P., our joint venture partner, in November 2022 we agreed to invest in an expansion of the Ethylene Export Terminal (the “Terminal Expansion Project”). The Terminal Expansion Project increased the export capacity of the Ethylene Export Terminal from approximately one million tons of ethylene per annum to at least 1.55 million tons per annum, and the expansion was completed and put into service on December 19, 2024. Two new offtake contracts related to the Ethylene Export Terminal’s available ethylene volumes have been signed, and we continue to expect that additional capacity will be contracted throughout 2026. Until further offtake contracts are signed, volumes will be sold and made available on a spot contract basis.
•We have been changing the size of our fleet. In August 2021, the Company entered into the Ultragas Transaction with Ultranav to combine the Ultragas fleet and business activities with Navigator, by acquiring 18 wholly owned vessel owning entities. The acquired fleet comprised:
•seven modern 22,000 cbm handysize semi-refrigerated vessels; and
•five smaller 12,000 cbm ethylene vessels and six gas carriers in the 3,770-9,000 cbm range, two of which were subsequently sold, and three of which are ethylene capable. The existing vessels are commercially managed within the independent Unigas Pool.
During 2023, the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture acquired five vessels:
•two 17,000 cbm 2018-built ethylene-capable liquefied gas carriers; and
•three 22,000 cbm 2019-built ethylene-capable liquefied gas carriers
During 2023, the Company sold one vessel:
• Navigator Orion, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize carrier.
During 2025, the Company sold two vessels:
•Navigator Venus, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize vessel;
•Navigator Gemini, a 2009-built 20,750 cbm semi-refrigerated handysize vessel.
On August 23, 2024, the Company entered into contracts to build the Original Two Newbuild Vessels. As part of the agreements then made, the Company held an option to build two additional vessels of the same specification and price. On November 21, 2024, the Company exercised the option and entered into contracts to build the Additional Two Newbuild Vessels. The total Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels are scheduled to be delivered to the Company in March 2027, July 2027, November 2027 and January 2028 respectively, at an average shipyard price of $102.9 million per vessel. The Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels will be able to carry a wide variety of gas products, ranging from complex petrochemical gases, including ethylene and ethane, to LPG and clean ammonia. Additionally, the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels will be fitted with dual-fuel engines for ethane, a low-carbon intensity transitional fuel, and made retrofit-ready for using ammonia as a fuel in the future, and additionally they will be capable of transiting through both the former and the new Panama Canal locks, providing enhanced flexibility.
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On July 17, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into a joint venture agreement with Amon Gas Holdings AS ("Amon Gas"). The joint venture, Navigator Amon Shipping AS (the "Amon Joint Venture"), intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic-meter capacity ammonia-fueled, ice-class liquefied ammonia carriers (the “Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels”), which will also be capable of carrying liquefied petroleum gas. On December 31, 2025, the Company owned 61% of the Amon Joint Venture, and Amon Gas owned 39%. Under the terms and conditions of the investment, the Company expects to own 79.5% of the Amon Joint Venture and Amon Gas expects to own 20.5% when the vessels are delivered in 2028. The Amon Joint Venture has entered into contracts with Nantong CIMC Sinopacific Offshore & Engineering Co., Ltd. to build the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, with deliveries scheduled to take place in June and October 2028 respectively, at an average yard price of $87 million per vessel. Each of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels has been awarded a NOK 90 million (approx. $9 million) investment grant from the Norwegian government agency Enova to be drawn down in accordance with the agreed terms over the course of the vessels' construction period. In addition to the Enova Grant, it is expected that the Amon Joint Venture will finance the remainder of the purchase price of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels through commercial bank finance, with the remainder sourced from capital contributions from the Company and Amon Gas. The Company expects to finance its share of the capital contributions from available cash resources.Once delivered, subject to customary conditions, each of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels is expected to be operated by the Amon Joint Venture pursuant to a five-year time charter with Yara International ASA ("Yara").
On January 7, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire three German-built 17,000 cubic meter capacity, ethylene-capable liquefied gas vessels. On February 19, 2025, the Company acquired the first of the three Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Hyperion for $27.4 million. On February 24, 2025, the Company acquired the second of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Titan for $27.4 million. On March 17, 2025, the Company acquired the third of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Vesta, for $29.2 million.
•We will have different financing arrangements. Our current financing arrangements may not be representative of our historical arrangements or the arrangements we will enter into in the future. We may prepay or amend our existing credit facilities, or enter into other financing arrangements.
•Our results are affected by fluctuations in the fair value of our derivative instruments. The change in the fair value of our derivative instruments is included in our net income, which has fluctuated in 2025 reflecting changes in forward interest rates. Please read Note 3. Derivative Instruments Accounted for at Fair Value and Note 20. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash to our consolidated financial statements.
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Operating Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024
The following table compares our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Percentage change | |||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Operating revenues | $ | 511,667 | $ | 538,457 | 5.2 | % | |||||
| Operating revenues—Unigas Pool | 55,012 | 48,504 | (11.8) | % | |||||||
| Total operating revenues | 566,679 | 586,961 | 3.6 | % | |||||||
| Brokerage commissions | 7,012 | 7,333 | 4.6 | % | |||||||
| Voyage expenses | 72,144 | 77,269 | 7.1 | % | |||||||
| Vessel operating expenses | 175,034 | 191,290 | 9.3 | % | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 132,725 | 134,497 | 1.3 | % | |||||||
| General and administrative costs | 36,580 | 36,353 | (0.6) | % | |||||||
Profit from sale of vessels | — | (25,206) | — | % | |||||||
| Total operating expenses | 423,495 | 421,536 | (0.5) | % | |||||||
| Operating income | 143,184 | 165,425 | 15.5 | % | |||||||
| Realized loss on non-designated derivatives instruments | — | (1,228) | — | % | |||||||
Unrealized loss on non-designated derivative instruments | (7,483) | (4,678) | (37.5) | % | |||||||
| Interest expense | (56,141) | (55,778) | (0.6) | % | |||||||
| Write off of deferred financing costs | (829) | (266) | (68.0) | % | |||||||
| Loss on repayment of unsecured bonds | (1,456) | — | (100.0) | % | |||||||
| Interest income | 6,244 | 5,822 | (6.8) | % | |||||||
| Unrealized foreign exchange loss | (1,968) | (1,274) | (35.3) | % | |||||||
Net Other income | — | 2,301 | — | % | |||||||
| Income before income taxes and share of results of equity method investments | 81,551 | 110,324 | 35.3 | % | |||||||
| Income taxes | (4,365) | (12,487) | 186.1 | % | |||||||
| Share of results of equity method investments | 16,911 | 8,036 | (52.5) | % | |||||||
| Net income | 94,097 | 105,873 | 12.5 | % | |||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | (8,526) | (5,751) | (32.5) | % | |||||||
| Net income attributable to stockholders of Navigator Holdings Limited. | $ | 85,571 | $ | 100,122 | 17.0 | % | |||||
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The following table presents selected operating data for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, which we believe is useful in understanding the basis for movement in our operating revenues.
Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Fleet Data* : | ||||||||
| Weighted average number of vessels | 47.0 | 48.6 | ||||||
| Ownership days | 17,202 | 17,723 | ||||||
| Available days | 16,670 | 17,215 | ||||||
| Earning days | 15,248 | 15,317 | ||||||
| Fleet utilization | 91.5 | % | 89.0 | % | ||||
| Average daily Time Charter Equivalent** | $ | 28,826 | $ | 30,110 | ||||
* Fleet Data - Our eight owned smaller vessels in the independently managed Unigas Pool at December 31, 2025 are excluded, compared to nine at December 31, 2024. On December 28, 2025, Happy Falcon, a 2002-built 3,770 cbm semi-refrigerated small gas carrier was redelivered from the Unigas Pool which decreased the number of our vessels operating in the Unigas Pool from nine to eight.
** Non-GAAP Financial Measure - Time Charter Equivalent -Time Charter Equivalent ("TCE") is a measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel. TCE is not calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For all charters, we calculate TCE by dividing total operating revenues (excluding collaborative arrangements and revenues from the Unigas Pool), less any voyage expenses (excluding collaborative arrangements), by the number of earning days for the relevant period. TCE rates exclude the effects of the collaborative arrangements, as earning days and fleet utilization, on which TCE rates are based, are calculated for our owned vessels, and not an average of all pool vessels. Under a time charter, the charterer pays substantially all of the vessel voyage related expenses, whereas for voyage charters, also known as spot market charters, we pay all voyage expenses. TCE is a shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a company’s performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e., spot charters, time charters and contracts of affreightment) under which the vessels may be employed between the periods. Our calculation of TCE may not be comparable to that reported by other companies.
The following table represents a reconciliation of operating revenues to TCE. Operating revenues are the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the periods presented.
| Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||
Average daily time charter equivalent***: | (in thousands, except earning days and average daily time charter equivalent rate) | |||||||
| Fleet Data: | ||||||||
| Operating revenues | $ | 511,667 | $ | 538,457 | ||||
| Voyage expenses | (72,144) | (77,269) | ||||||
| Operating revenues less voyage expenses | $ | 439,523 | $ | 461,188 | ||||
| Earning days | 15,248 | 15,317 | ||||||
| Average daily time charter equivalent | $ | 28,826 | $ | 30,110 | ||||
*** Operating revenues and voyage expenses of our eight owned vessels in the independently managed Unigas Pool at December 31, 2025 are excluded.
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues, net of address commissions, were $538.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $26.8 million or 5.2% compared to $511.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
This increased was primarily due to:
•an increase of approximately $20.2 million attributable to an increase in average monthly time charter equivalent rates, which increased to an average of approximately $30,110 per vessel per day ($915,832 per vessel per calendar month) for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to an average of approximately $28,826 per vessel per day ($876,776 per vessel per calendar month) for the year ended December 31, 2024;
•a decrease in operating revenues of approximately $12.9 million attributable to a decrease in fleet utilization, which declined to 89.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 91.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024;
•an increase in operating revenues of approximately $14.4 million or 3.0% driven by a 545-day increase in vessel available days for the year ended December 31, 2025 due to the acquisition of the Purchased Vessels, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024; and
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•an increase in operating revenues of approximately $5.1 million, primarily attributable to an increase in pass-through voyage costs for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.
Operating Revenues – Unigas Pool. Operating revenues – Unigas Pool was $48.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of 11.8% compared to $55.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, in part due to decreased utilization across the pool fleet, and represents our share of the operating revenues earned from our nine vessels operating within the independently managed Unigas Pool, based on agreed pool points.
Brokerage Commissions. Brokerage commissions, which typically vary between 1.25% and 2.5% of operating revenue, were $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Voyage Expenses. Voyage expenses increased by $5.1 million or 7.1% to $77.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $72.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. These voyage expenses are pass-through costs, corresponding to an increase in operating revenue of the same amount.
Vessel Operating Expenses. Vessel operating expenses increased by $16.3 million or 9.3% to $191.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $175.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Average daily vessel operating expenses increased by $565 per vessel per day, or 6.6%, to $9,105 per vessel per day for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $8,540 per vessel per day for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase is driven by the acquisition of the Purchased Vessels during the year ended December 31, 2025, and higher crew and maintenance costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.8 million to $134.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $132.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily related to the acquisition of the Purchased Vessels, offset by Navigator Pluto and Navigator Saturn being fully depreciated for year ended December 31, 2025, and the sale of Navigator Venus and Navigator Gemini in in May 2025 and September 2025 respectively. Depreciation and amortization included amortization of capitalized drydocking costs of $23.1 million and $22.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
General and Administrative Costs. General and administrative costs decreased by $0.2 million or 0.6% to $36.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $36.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Profit from Sale of Vessels. Profit from sale of vessels for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $25.2 million related to the sales of Navigator Venus and Navigator Gemini in May 2025 and September 2025 respectively.
Realized Loss on Non-Designated Derivative Instruments. The realized loss of $1.2 million on non-designated derivative instruments for the year ended December 31, 2025 relates to the termination and settlement of interest rate swaps that hedged the $210 million secured term loan and revolving credit facility which was repaid during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Unrealized Loss on Non-Designated Derivative Instruments. The unrealized loss of $4.7 million on non-designated derivative instruments for the year ended December 31, 2025 relates to a non-cash fair value loss on interest rate swaps that are used to hedge a number of our variable rate secured term loan and revolving credit facilities, as a result of a decrease in forward U.S. Dollar SOFR interest rates. This is compared to an unrealized loss of $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $0.4 million, or 0.6%, to $55.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $56.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. This is primarily a result of a decrease in U.S. Dollar SOFR rates, lower average margins paid by the Company, and increased interest being capitalized in relation to our vessels under construction, offset by higher outstanding interest-bearing debt across the majority of the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.
Unrealized Foreign Exchange loss. The unrealized foreign exchange loss of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, relates to losses on foreign currency cash balances held, primarily driven by the Indonesian Rupiah weakening against the U.S. Dollar during the period, compared to an unrealized loss of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Write off of Deferred Financing Costs. The write off of deferred financing costs of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, relates to the write off of the remaining unamortized deferred financing costs of our $210 million secured term loan and revolving credit facility which was repaid during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025.
Net Other Income. In March 2025, the Company received $4.8 million in other income from a third party relating to a claim for damages caused to Navigator Aries in 2016. The amount received is the final settlement and no further amounts in relation to this matter are anticipated, offset by an impairment of preferred securities of $2.5 million.
Income Taxes. Income taxes relate to taxes on our subsidiaries and businesses incorporated around the world including those incorporated in the United States of America. Income taxes were an expense of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to an expense of $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, related to movements in current and deferred taxes primarily in relation to the cessation of our PTNK business,
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and also in relation to our equity investment in the Ethylene Export Terminal. Following the natural cessation of the Company's PTNK business in Indonesia on expiry of the last remaining time charter contract on February 15, 2025, Navigator Aries was sold to an entity under common control of the Company on October 1, 2025, in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet. On January 6, 2026, Navigator Pluto was sold to an entity under common control of the Company in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet. The Company no longer asserts indefinite reinvestment of earnings in PTNK and recovery of the investment in PTNK is expected to occur through taxable transactions which required the Company to recognize an associated deferred tax liability of $9.5 million at December 31, 2025.
Share of Result of Equity Method Investments. The share of the result from the Company’s 50% ownership in the Export Terminal Joint Venture was income of $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to income of $16.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Throughput rates increased to 815,971 tons for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 732,378 tons for the year ended December 31, 2024, however a narrower price differential between the U.S. and China limited arbitrage opportunities, decreasing overall rates.
Non-Controlling Interest. On September 30, 2022, the Company entered into the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture with Greater Bay Gas for the purpose of acquiring a total of five ethylene vessels. At that time, the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture was owned 60% by the Company and 40% by Greater Bay Gas and was, and remains, fully consolidated. On October 14, 2025, the Company increased its ownership interest in the Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture from 60% to 75.1% through the acquisition of an additional 15.1% interest for total cash consideration of $16.8 million.The Navigator Greater Bay Joint Venture continues to be accounted for as a consolidated subsidiary in our consolidated financial statements, with the proportion owned by Greater Bay Gas accounted for as a non-controlling interest. Net income attributable to Greater Bay Gas of $5.7 million is presented as part of the non-controlling interest in our financial results for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to net income of $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Operating Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023.
See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—operating results for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 for a discussion of our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, and other financial information related to the year ended December 31, 2024.
| B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources | |||||||
Liquidity and Cash Needs
Our primary sources of funds are cash and cash equivalents, cash from operations, undrawn bank borrowings, proceeds from vessel sales, and proceeds from bond issuances.
Our primary uses of funds are drydocking and other vessel maintenance expenditures, voyage expenses, vessel operating expenses, general and administrative costs, insurance costs, expenditures incurred in connection with ensuring that our vessels comply with international and regulatory standards, financing expenses and quarterly repayment of bank loans. We also expect to use funds in connection with our Revised Capital Return Policy. In addition, our medium-term and long-term liquidity needs relate to debt repayments, repayment of bonds, payments for the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels (as defined in the notes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements), the Amon Joint Venture, the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels and other potential future joint ventures, future vessel newbuilds, related investments, and other potential future vessel acquisitions, and or related port or terminal projects.
The Company repaid $28.5 million of the revolving credit facility portion of its $111.8 million Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility in June 2025 and $62.9 million of the revolving credit facility portion of its $147.6 million Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility in August 2025, totalling $91.4 million, which amount remains available for the Company to redraw.
As of December 31, 2025, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $155.0 million, restricted cash of $49.9 million, and available but undrawn credit facilities of $91.4 million, providing the Company with total liquidity of $296.3 million.
Our secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities contain covenants that require that the Company have liquidity of no less than (i) up to $50.0 million, as applicable to the relevant loan facility, or (ii) 5% of total debt (representing $38.4 million as of December 31, 2025).
On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into the May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Nordea Bank Abp filial i Norge, Danish Ship Finance A/S, Danske Bank A/S, DNB (UK) Limited, ING Bank N.V., London Branch, and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ). The facility was used to repay the Company’s September 2020 secured loan, and the Company’s October 2013secured loan facility that were due to mature in September 2025 and May 2027 respectively, and for general corporate and working capital purposes. The May 2025 Facility has a term of six years maturing in May 2031, is for a maximum principal amount of $300.0 million (split as $230 million Term Loan and $70 million Revolving Credit Facility). As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $286.6 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly, followed by a final balloon payment in May 2027 of $146.5 million, which balloon payment includes amounts relating to both the Term Loan and Revolving Credit components, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 170 basis points.
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On March 28, 2025, pursuant to the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue Addendum, the Company completed the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue, issuing an additional aggregate principal amount of $40 million in the Nordic bond market under the same bond terms governing its outstanding October 2024 Bonds, with equal maturity in October 2029, and bearing the same 7.25% coupon rate as the October 2024 Bonds. Following the issuance of the October 2024 Bonds and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue, a further $60 million in aggregate principal amount of bonds remains available to be issued by the Company under the bond terms governing the October 2024 Bonds. Settlement in respect of the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue occurred on April 4, 2025.
On February 7, 2025, the Company entered into a $74.6 million Senior Secured Term Loan (the “February 2025 Facility”) with Nordea Bank Abp, to partially finance the purchase price of the three Purchased Vessels and used cash on hand to pay the remainder of the purchase price. The February 2025 Facility is initially non-amortizing, bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 180 basis points and matures after 18 months. At that time, the borrower has an option to extend the February 2025 Facility for a further 18 months on payment of a $25 million balloon. Should the borrower take the extension option the February 2025 Facility will become amortizing with repayments made on the basis of an age-adjusted 20 to 0 years repayment profile and bear interest at Term SOFR plus 180 basis points.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $1,387.0 million in outstanding future obligations, which includes principal repayments on long-term debt, including our Bonds, vessels under construction and office lease commitments. Of the total outstanding obligation, $233.8 million falls due within the twelve months ending December 31, 2026, and the balance of $1,153.2 million falls due after December 31, 2026.
The Company has a responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt over its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are expected to be issued. We believe, given our current cash balances, that our financial resources, including the cash expected to be generated within the year, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity and working capital needs for at least the next twelve months taking into account our existing capital commitments and debt service requirements.
Capital Expenditures. Liquefied gas transportation by sea is a capital-intensive business, requiring significant investment to maintain an efficient fleet and to stay in regulatory compliance. Our capital expenditures, comprising primarily of vessel acquisitions and vessel drydockings for our vessels, amounted to $112.0 million, $33.0 million and $206.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
Our vessels require drydocking every five years until the age of 15 years and approximately every two and a half years thereafter. The drydocking of our vessels requires significant capital expenditure. 13 of our vessels required scheduled drydocking during 2025. 14 of our vessels will require scheduled drydocking during 2026. We spend significant amounts of funds on scheduled drydocking for our vessels (including the cost of classification society surveys). As our vessels age and our fleet expands, our drydocking expenses will increase. We estimate the current cost of the five-year drydocking of one of our vessels is approximately $1.5 million, the ten-year drydocking cost is approximately $1.7 million, and the 15 and 17 year drydocking costs are approximately $2.0 million each. Ongoing costs for compliance with environmental regulations are primarily included as part of our drydocking, such as the requirement to install ballast water treatment plants, and classification society survey costs, with a balance included as a component of our operating expenses.
In August 2024, the Company entered into contracts to build the Original Two Newbuild Vessels, and in November 2024, the Company entered into contracts to build the Additional Two Newbuild Vessels. These Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels are scheduled to be delivered to the Company in March 2027, July 2027, November 2027 and January 2028 respectively, at an average shipyard price of $102.9 million per vessel. The Company expects to finance the cost of the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels using debt and cash on hand, and the Company is well-progressed with arranging such third-party debt finance for all of the four vessels. The Company has signed a short-term time charter contract for one of its Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels.
On January 7, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire three German-built 17,000 cubic meter capacity, ethylene-capable liquefied gas vessels (the "Purchased Vessels"). On February 19, 2025, the Company acquired the first of the three Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Hyperion for $27.4 million. On February 24, 2025, the Company acquired the second of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Titan for $27.4 million. On March 17, 2025, the Company acquired the third of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Vesta, for $29.2 million.
On July 17, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into a joint venture agreement with Amon Gas Holdings AS ("Amon Gas"). The joint venture, Navigator Amon Shipping AS (the "Amon Joint Venture"), intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic-meter capacity ammonia-fueled, ice-class liquefied ammonia carriers (the “Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels”), which will also be capable of carrying liquefied petroleum gas. On December 31, 2025, the Company owned 61% of the Amon Joint Venture, and Amon Gas owned 39%. Under the terms and conditions of the investment, the Company expects to own 79.5% of the Amon Joint Venture and Amon Gas expects to own 20.5% when the vessels are delivered in 2028. The Amon Joint Venture has entered into contracts with Nantong CIMC Sinopacific Offshore & Engineering Co., Ltd. to build the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, with deliveries scheduled to take place in June and October 2028 respectively, at an average yard price of $87 million per vessel. Each of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels has been awarded a NOK 90 million (approx. $9 million) investment grant from the Norwegian government agency Enova to be drawn down in accordance with the agreed terms over the course of the vessels' construction period. In addition to the Enova Grant, it is expected that the Amon Joint Venture will finance the remainder of the purchase price of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels through commercial bank finance, with the remainder sourced from capital contributions from the Company and Amon Gas. The Company expects to finance its share of the capital contributions from available cash resources.
The total capital contributions required from us for our share of the construction cost for the Terminal Expansion Project was $128 million, of which the final contribution was made in February 2025. The Company financed these capital contributions using existing cash resources. The Company may also invest further in new terminal infrastructure should an appropriate opportunity arise.
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Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by/(used in) operating, financing and investing activities for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 174,413 | $ | 210,523 | $ | 201,662 | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (176,481) | (100,987) | (81,101) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | 7,099 | (126,013) | (54,213) | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 17 | (1,968) | (1,274) | ||||||||
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 5,048 | $ | (18,445) | $ | 65,074 | |||||
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased to $201.7 million, from $210.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $8.9 million.This decrease was primarily due to an increase in net income of $11.8 million (after adding back the non-cash unrealized loss on derivative instruments and our share of the result from equity method investments) for the year ended December 31, 2025, offset by a decrease in working capital of $16.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. This compared to an increase in net income of $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and an increase in working capital of $35.1 million during year ended December 31, 2024.
Net cash flow from operating activities depends upon charter rates attainable, fleet utilization, fluctuations in working capital balances, repairs and maintenance activity, amount and duration of drydocks, and changes in interest rates and foreign currency rates.
We are required to drydock each vessel once every five years until it reaches 15 years of age, after which we drydock vessels approximately every two and a half years. Drydocking each vessel, including travelling to and from the drydock, takes approximately 20-30 days in total. Drydocking days generally include approximately 5-10 days of voyage time to and from the drydocking shipyard and approximately 15-20 days of actual drydocking time. 13 of our vessels undertook scheduled drydockings during 2025, compared to 17 of our vessels underwent scheduled drydockings in 2024.
We estimate the current cost of a five-year drydocking for one of our vessels to be approximately $1.5 million, a ten-year drydocking cost to be approximately $1.7 million, and the 15-year and 17-year drydocking costs to be approximately $2.0 million each (including the cost of classification society surveys). As our vessels age and our fleet expands, our drydocking expenses will increase. Ongoing costs for compliance with environmental regulations are primarily included as part of drydocking, such as the requirement to install ballast water treatment plants, and classification society survey costs, with a balance included as a component of our operating expenses. Please see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Over the long-term, we will be required to make substantial capital expenditures to preserve the operating capacity of, and to grow, our fleet.”
Cash Used in Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $81.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily related to contributions to our investment in the Terminal Expansion Project of $4.0 million and $68.5 million as initial payments for the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels under construction, and $85.0 million for the purchase of the Purchased Vessels, offset by distributions received from our investment in the Export Terminal Joint Venture of $17.8 million and $47.8 million from proceeds from sale of vessels during the period.
Net cash used in investing activities was $101.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily related to contributions to our investment in the Terminal Expansion Project of $89.0 million and $41.2 million as initial payments for the Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels under construction, offset by distributions received from our investment in the Export Terminal Joint Venture of $27.1 million.
Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $54.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025,
primarily as a result of the drawdown of our February 2025 Facility of $74.6 million and our May 2025 Facility of $300 million, and proceeds from our March 2025 Bond Tap Issue of $40.0 million, offset by repayment of our September 2020 Facility of $143.4 million and our October 2013 Facility of $14.7 million, regular quarterly debt and revolving credit facility repayments of $141.5 million, quarterly dividend payments of $14.8 million, and $62.7 million under our Capital Return Policy and our other share repurchase programs.
Net cash used in financing activities was $126.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of our regular quarterly debt repayments and repayment of our $107 million Secured Term Loan Facility totaling $224.7 million, quarterly dividend payments of $14.3 million,$57.1 million under our Capital Return Policy and our other share repurchase programs, and settlement of the sale and leaseback on Navigator Aurora of $48.9 million, offset by drawdown of our August 2024 facility, and drawdown of our revolving credit facilities totaling $216.1 million.
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash Flows” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 for a discussion of our cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
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Terminal Facility
General. In March 2019, Navigator Ethylene Terminals L.L.C. (“Marine Terminal Borrower”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Terminal Facility”) with ING Capital L.LC. and SG Americas Securities, L.L.C. for a maximum principal amount of $75 million, to be used for the payment of our capital contributions to the Export Terminal Joint Venture to cover our share of construction costs of the Ethylene Export Terminal.
Term and Facility Limits. The Terminal Facility converted from an initial construction loan to a term loan with a final maturity of December 31, 2025. Based on the committed throughput agreements for the Ethylene Export Terminal, a total of $69.0 million was drawn under the Terminal Facility and the facility was fully repaid as of December 31, 2025.
Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities
Navigator Gas L.L.C., our wholly-owned subsidiary, and a certain number of our vessel-owning subsidiaries have entered into various secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities. The table below summarizes our secured term loan and revolving credit facilities as of December 31, 2025:
Original facility amount | Principal amount outstanding | Undrawn RCF component | Interest rate | Facility maturity date | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
August 2021 Loan Agreement | 67.0 | 29.1 | — | Fixed 378 BPS | June 2026 | ||||||||||||
| February 2025 Secured Term Loan | 74.6 | 74.6 | — | Term SOFR + 180 BPS | August 2026/ February 20281 | ||||||||||||
October 2013 DB Credit Facility A | 57.7 | 6.0 | — | Comp SOFR + 247 BPS | April 2027 | ||||||||||||
December 2022 Secured Term loan and RCF | 111.8 | 42.5 | 28.5 | Term SOFR + 209 BPS | September 2028 | ||||||||||||
July 2015 DB Credit Facility B | 60.9 | 16.5 | — | Comp SOFR + 247 BPS | December 2028 | ||||||||||||
July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B | 55.8 | 16.3 | — | Comp SOFR + 247 BPS | January 2029 | ||||||||||||
March 2023 Secured Term Loan | 200.0 | 108.5 | — | Comp SOFR + 205 BPS | March 2029 | ||||||||||||
| December 2022 Secured Term Loan | 151.3 | 119.8 | — | Term SOFR + 220 BPS | December 2029 | ||||||||||||
| August 2024 Secured Term Loan and RCF | 147.6 | 68.0 | 62.9 | Term SOFR + 190 BPS | August 2030 | ||||||||||||
| May 2025 Secured Term Loan and RCF | 300.0 | 286.6 | — | Term SOFR + 170 BPS | May 2031 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,226.7 | $ | 767.9 | $ | 91.4 | |||||||||||
Proceeds of the loans under our Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities are used to refinance existing secured facilities, to finance newbuildings, for acquisitions, and for general corporate purposes. Please also read "11. Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities" to our consolidated financial statements.
March 2019 Terminal Facility. On March 29, 2019, Navigator Ethylene Terminals L.L.C., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Marine Terminal Borrower”), entered into a Credit Agreement with ING Capital L.L.C. and SG Americas Securities, L.L.C. for a maximum principal amount of $75.0 million for the payment of project costs relating to our Ethylene Export Terminal. The Terminal Facility had a final maturity of date of December 31, 2025 and was fully repaid on December 16, 2025.
October 2013 Santander Credit Facility A. On October 30, 2013, the Company entered into the October 2013 Santander Credit Facility A with Banco Santander, S.A. and Korea Finance Corporation to finance three newbuild LPG carriers: Adriatic Gas, Navigator Celtic (formerly Celtic Gas) and Happy Albatross. The August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement has a term of twelve years maturing in June 2027 and was for a maximum principal amount of $81.0 million. The facility attracted interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points. A final payment of $14.7 million was made on October 30, 2025 and as of December 31, 2025, the facility was fully repaid and all securities granted by the Company over Adriatic Gas, Navigator Celtic (formerly Celtic Gas) and Happy Albatross was released
September 2020 Secured Revolving Credit Facility. On September 17, 2020, the Company entered into the September 2020 Secured Revolving Credit Facility with Nordea Bank ABP, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, ING Bank N.V. London Branch, National Australia Bank, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. and BNP Paribas S.A. The September 2020 Secured Revolving Credit Facility had a term of five years maturing in September 2025 and was for a maximum principal amount of $210 million. The facility attracted interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 276 basis points. A final payment
1The February 2025 facility matures in August, 2026, however the borrower has an option to extend the facility for a further 18 months, extending the maturity date from August 2026 to February 2028.
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of $143.0 million was made on May 30, 2025 and as of December 31, 2025, the facility was fully repaid and all security granted by the Company over Navigator Eclipse, Navigator Luga, Navigator Nova, Navigator Prominence, and Navigator Yauza was released.
August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement. On August 2, 2021, as part of the Ultragas Transaction, the Company entered into the August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement with Danmarks Skibskredit A/S relating to a previously issued 2019 Senior Term Loan Facility. The August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement has a term of six years maturing in June 2026 and is for a maximum principal amount of $67.0 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $29.1 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $2.9 million, followed by a final balloon payment in June 2026 of $26.2 million and bears interest at a rate of 378 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Happy Osprey, Happy Peregrine, Happy Pelican and Happy Penguin well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
October 2013 DB Credit Facility A. On October 25, 2013, the Company entered into the October 2013 DB Credit Facility A with Deutsche Bank AG, Hong Kong Branch to finance two newbuild LPG carriers, Navigator Atlantic (formerly Atlantic Gas) and Navigator Balearic (formerly Balearic Gas). The October 2013 DB Credit Facility A has a term of twelve years, maturing in May 2027 and is for a maximum principal amount of $57.7 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $6.0 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $1.2 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Atlantic (formerly Atlantic Gas) and Navigator Balearic (formerly Balearic Gas) as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
July 2015 DB Credit Facility B. On July 31, 2015, the Company entered into the July 2015 DB Credit Facility B with Deutsche Bank AG Hong Kong Branch to finance two newbuild LPG carriers: Bering Gas and Pacific Gas. The July 2015 DB Credit Facility B has a term of twelve years, maturing in December 2028 and is for a maximum principal amount of $60.9 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $16.5 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $1.3 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Bering Gas and Pacific Gas as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B. On July 31, 2015, the Company entered into the July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B with Banco Santander, S.A to finance two LPG carriers: Arctic Gas and Happy Avocet. The July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B has a term of twelve years, maturing in January 2029 and is for a maximum principal amount of $55.8 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $16.3 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $1.3 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Arctic Gas and Happy Avocet as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
December 2022 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility. On December 7, 2022, the Company entered into the December 2022 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and Deutsche Bank AG. The December 2022 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility has a term of seven years, maturing in September 2028 and is for a maximum principal amount of $111.8 million. As of December 31, 2025 the term loan was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $42.5 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $3.1 million followed by a final balloon payment in September 2028 of up to $39.7 million, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 209 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Umbrio, Navigator Centauri, Navigator Ceres, Navigator Ceto and Navigator Copernico as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
December 2022 Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility. On December 15, 2022, the Company entered into the December 2022 Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility with ING Bank, London Branch, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), CTBC Bank and Shinsei Bank Limited for a maximum principal amount of $151.3 million to provide financing for the intended acquisition of five ethylene carriers from Pacific Gas. The December 2022 Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility has a term of seven years, maturing in December 2029 and is for a maximum principal amount of $151.3 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $119.8 million The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through
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payments of $2.7 million, followed by a final balloon payments starting on the anniversary of each vessel’s tranche of between $15.0 million and $18.2 million per tranche, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 220 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Luna, Navigator Solar, Navigator Vega, Navigator Castor and Navigator Equator as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan. On March 20, 2023, the Company entered into the March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan with Nordea Bank ABP, ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), and BNP Paribas S.A. to refinance the June 2017 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility and the October 2016 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility that were due to mature in June and October 2023, respectively. The March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan has a term of six years, maturing in March 2029 and is for a maximum principal amount of $200.0 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $108.5 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $8.3 million followed by a final balloon payment in March 2029 of $20.6 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 205 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Leo, Navigator Libra, Navigator Jorf, Navigator Galaxy, Navigator Genesis, Navigator Grace, Navigator Gusto, Navigator Glory, Navigator Scorpio and Navigator Virgo as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
August 2024 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility. On August 9, 2024, the Company entered into the August 2024 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, ING Bank N.V., and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), to refinance its March 2019 secured term loan that was due to mature in March 2025, to fund the repurchase of Navigator Aurora pursuant to the Company’s existing October 2019 sale and leaseback arrangement related to that vessel which, based on a termination notice we issued to the lessor in May 2024, terminated on October 29, 2024, and for general corporate and working capital purposes. The August 2024 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility has a term of six years maturing in August 2030 and is for a maximum principal amount of $147.6 million split as $84.6 million term loan and $63 million revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2025 the term loan was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $68.0 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $3.5 million, followed by a final balloon payment in August 2030 of up to $67.5 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 190 basis points, which margin includes a 5-basis point sustainability-linked element
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of the Navigator Atlas, Navigator Aurora, Navigator Europa, Navigator Oberon and Navigator Triton, as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
February 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan. On February 7, 2025, the Company entered into the February 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan. with Nordea Bank Abp, to partially finance the purchase price of the three Purchased Vessels and used cash on hand to pay the remainder of the purchase price. As of December 31, 2025, the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $74.6 million. The February 2025 facility matures on August 14, 2026, however the borrower has an option to extend the facility for a further 18 months. The facility is non-amortizing for the period to August 14, 2026, and has a balloon repayment of $25.0 million if the 18-month extension option is to be exercised, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 180 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of the Navigator Hyperion, Navigator Titan, and Navigator Vista, as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility. On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into the May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Nordea Bank Abp filial i Norge, Danish Ship Finance A/S, Danske Bank A/S, DNB (UK) Limited, ING Bank N.V., London Branch, and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ). The facility was used to repay the Company’s September 2020 secured loan, and the Company’s October 2013 secured loan facility that were due to mature in September 2025 and May 2027 respectively, and for general corporate and working capital purposes. The May 2025 Facility has a term of six years maturing in May 2031, and is for a maximum principal amount of $300.0 million (split as $230 million Term Loan and $70 million Revolving Credit Facility). As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $286.6 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $6.7 million, followed by a final balloon payment in May 2027 of up to $146.5 million, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 170 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Luga, Navigator Prominence, Navigator Eclipse, Navigator Nova, Navigator Yauza, Adriatic Gas, Happy Albatross and Navigator Celtic as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
There are certain financial covenants within each of the Company’s secured loan facilities that are typical for transactions of these types. These covenants include:
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•maintenance at all times of a minimum balance of cash and cash equivalents of up to the greater of $50 million and 5% of the total indebtedness;
•maintenance of the ratio of value adjusted total stockholders’ equity to value adjusted total assets of not less than 30%;
•that the aggregate fair market value of the collateral vessels be no less than 110% of the aggregate amount outstanding under the relevant facility.
Other Loan Facility Covenants. The secured facilities provide that the Company may not declare or pay dividends to shareholders out of operating revenues generated by the vessels securing the indebtedness if an event of default has occurred and is continuing. The secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities also limit the Company from, among other things, incurring indebtedness or entering into mergers and divestitures. The secured facilities also contain general covenants that will require the Company to maintain adequate insurance coverage and to maintain their vessels. In addition, the secured term loan facilities include customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation or warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness, and non-compliance with security documents.
Borrowers under our secured loan facilities are also required to deliver semi-annual compliance certificates, which include valuations of the vessels securing the applicable facility, from independent ship brokers. Upon delivery of the valuations, if the market value of the collateral vessels is less than 110% to 135%% of the outstanding indebtedness under the facilities, as applicable, the borrowers must either provide additional collateral or repay any amount in excess of 110% to 135% of the market value of the collateral vessels, as applicable. This covenant is measured semi-annually on June 30 and December 31, and as of December 31, 2025, we had an aggregate excess valuation $862.0 million above the levels required.
Other than as stated, our compliance with the financial covenants is measured as of the end of each fiscal quarter or each half year. December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such, covenants, including with respect to the aggregate fair market value of our collateral vessels.
2024 Senior Unsecured Bonds
General. On October 17, 2024, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $100 million in the Nordic bond market (the "October 2024 Bonds"). The net proceeds of the issuance of the October 2024 Bonds were used to redeem in full all of our previously outstanding 2020 Bonds. The borrowing limit under the bond terms governing the October 2024 Bonds is $200 million.
On March 28, 2025, pursuant to the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue Addendum, the Company completed the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue issuing an additional aggregate principal amount of $40 million in the Nordic bond market under the same bond terms governing its outstanding October 2024 Bonds and bearing the same coupon rate as the October 2024 Bonds. Following the issuance of the October 2024 Bonds and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue, a further $60 million in aggregate principal amount of bonds remains available to be issued by the Company under the bond terms governing the October 2024 Bonds.
The October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue under the same bond terms) are governed by Norwegian law and on September 3, 2025 were listed on the Nordic ABM which is operated and organized by Oslo Børs ASA.
Interest. Interest on the October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) is payable at a fixed rate of 7.25% per annum, calculated on a 360-day year basis. Interest is payable semi- annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year.
Maturity. The October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) mature on October 30, 2029 and become repayable on that date.
Optional Redemption. We may redeem the October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue), in whole or in part at any time. Any bonds redeemed: up until October 29, 2027 will be priced at the aggregate of the present value (discounted at 412 basis points) on the Repayment Date of the Nominal Amount and the remaining interest payments up to October 30, 2027; from October 30, 2027 to April 29, 2028, are redeemable at 102.9% of par; from April 30, 2028 to October 29, 2028, are redeemable at 102.175% of par; from October 30, 2028 to April 29, 2029, are redeemable at 101.45% of par; and from April 30, 2029 to October 29, 2029, are redeemable at 100% of par; in each case, in cash plus accrued interest.
Additionally, upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control Event” (as defined in the bond terms covering the October 2024 Bonds and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue), the holders of October 2024 Bonds (and holders of the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) have the option to require us to repay such holders’ outstanding principal amount at 101% of par, plus accrued interest.
Financial Covenants. The bond terms for the October 2024 Bonds and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue contains financial covenants requiring us, among other things, to ensure that:
•we and our subsidiaries maintain a minimum liquidity of no less than $35 million; and
•we and our subsidiaries maintain an Equity Ratio (as defined in the 2024 Bond Agreement) of at least 30%.
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Our compliance with the covenants listed above is measured as of the end of each fiscal quarter. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants under the 2024 Bonds.
Restrictive Covenants. The October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) provide that we may declare or pay dividends to shareholders provided the Company maintains a minimum liquidity of $45 million unless an event of default has occurred and is continuing. The Bond Agreement (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue Addendum thereto) related to the 2024 Bonds (the “2024 Bond Agreement”) also limits us and our subsidiaries from, among other things, entering into mergers and de-mergers, engaging in transactions with affiliates or incurring any additional liens which could have a material adverse effect. In addition, the 2024 Bond Agreement includes customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, false representation or warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness, the occurrence of a material adverse effect, or our insolvency or dissolution.
| C. | Research and Development Patents and Licenses etc. | |||||||
We do not undertake any significant expenditure on research and development and have no significant interests in patents or licenses.
| D. | Trend Information | |||||||
Cash Dividend and Share Repurchases. The Company’s Capital Return Policy, which is subject to operating needs, market conditions, legal requirements, stock price and other circumstances, consists of paying out quarterly cash dividends of $0.07 per share of common stock and returning additional capital in the form of additional cash dividends and/or share repurchases, such that the two elements combined equal at least 30% of net income for the applicable quarter.
As part of the Capital Return Policy, we expect to repurchase the Company’s common stock (the “Share Repurchases”) and any such Share Repurchases will be made via open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or any other method permitted under U.S. securities laws and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
As of March 12, 2026, the Company has purchased and canceled 12,192,211 shares of common stock for a total amount of approximately $174.0 million (at an average price of $14.27 per share) since inception of the share repurchase programs in 2022.
Pursuant to the Capital Return Policy, we declared and paid cash dividends of $0.05 per share of the Company’s common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, and $0.07 per share of the Company’s common stock for the for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and declared $0.07 per share of the Company’s common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2025, totaling an aggregate of $0.24 per share of the Company’s common stock during the year ended December 31, 2025. ($0.20 per share of the Company’s common stock during the year ended December 31, 2024).
On March 12, 2026, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.07 per share of the Company’s common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2025, payable on March 31, 2026 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business New York time on March 23, 2026. The aggregate amount of the dividend is expected to be approximately $4.6 million, which the Company anticipates will be funded from cash on hand. Also as part of the Capital Return Policy for the three months ended December 31, 2025, the Company expects to repurchase approximately $1.0 million of common stock between March 13, 2026, and March 31, 2026, subject to operating needs, market conditions, legal requirements, stock price and other circumstances, such that the dividend and share repurchases together equal 30% of net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2025.
Declarations of any dividends in the future, and the amount of any such dividends, are subject to the discretion of the Company’s Board. The Capital Return Policy does not oblige the Company to pay any dividends or repurchase any of its shares in the future and it may be suspended, discontinued or modified by the Company at any time, for any reason. Further, the timing of any share repurchases under the Capital Return Policy will be determined by the Company’s management and will depend on operating needs, market conditions, legal requirements, stock price, and other circumstances. See "Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors— We have recently declared quarterly dividends, but we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid in the future in any amount or at all.
Ethylene Export Terminal. The Ethylene Export Terminal throughput for the year ended December 31, 2025 was 815,971 metric tons of ethylene, compared to 732,378 tons for the year ended December 31, 2024. Steady U.S. ethylene prices were supporting exports to Europe, which reached their highest level in 2025. U.S.–China tariff tensions affected trade in 2025. We expect increased throughput for 2026 supported by strong demand from Europe.
Shipping Trends. The Company’s average vessel utilization for the year ended December 31, 2025 was 89.0% compared to 91.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our average vessel utilization for the fourth quarter of 2025 was on 90.0% compared to 92.2% for the fourth quarter of 2024.
According to broker reports, the handysized semi-refrigerated 12-month market assessment remained stable in 2025. It started the year at $965,000 pcm per calendar month (“pcm”) on January 1, 2025 and decreased to approximately $956,000 pcm at December 31, 2025. Throughout 2025, handysized fully refrigerated vessel rates decreased from $810,000 pcm at the start of 2025 to $775,000 pcm at the end of 2025. For handysize ethylene vessels, rates decreased from $1,215,000 at the start of 2025 to $1,025,000 pcm at the end of 2025.
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On December 31, 2025 the newbuild orderbook for handysize vessels stood at 14 vessels, which constitutes approximately 11% of the current global handysize fleet of 124 units. Although this is an increase compared to previous years, it is still a small orderbook, especially in comparison with the larger (midsize) segment, for which the orderbook is 60 units out of a current fleet of 139 units – corresponding to about 43%. Out of the handysize orderbook, four units are combined CO2/LPG carriers, which should eventually and move into liquefied CO2 transportation.
| E. | Critical Accounting Estimates | |||||||
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates in the application of our accounting policies based on our best assumptions, judgments and opinions. On a regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. For a description of our material accounting policies, please read "Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our consolidated financial statements.
Valuation of Vessels. As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate carrying value of our 55 vessels in operation, including drydocking costs, was $1,601 million. We review our vessels for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the vessel and capitalized drydocking costs might not be recoverable. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected cash flows require considerable judgment and are based upon historical experience, financial forecasts and industry trends and conditions and reflect management’s assumptions and judgments regarding the estimated remaining useful lives of the vessels and capitalized drydocking costs.
We determined that there are no circumstances that indicate the carry amount of vessels and capitalized drydocking costs might not be recoverable at the year ended December 31, 2025. We have not recorded an impairment loss in any of the years ending December 31, 2025, or 2024, or 2023.
Item 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees | ||||
| A. | Directors and Senior Management | |||||||
Directors
Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of our directors.
| Name | Age | Position | ||||||
| Dag von Appen | 63 | Director and Non-executive Chairman of the Board | ||||||
| Dr. Heiko Fischer | 58 | Director | ||||||
| Janette Marx | 50 | Director | ||||||
| Dr. Anita Odedra | 55 | Director | ||||||
| Peter Stokes | 75 | Director | ||||||
| Florian Weidinger | 44 | Director | ||||||
Our board of directors is elected annually. Each director holds office until their successor has been duly elected and qualified, except in the event of their death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of their term of office. Officers are elected from time to time by vote of our board of directors and hold office until a successor is elected.
Biographical information with respect to each of our directors and our executive officers is set forth below.
Dag von Appen. Mr. von Appen has been a member of the Board since August 4, 2021 as a designee of Naviera Ultranav Limitada following the merger of the fleet and business activities of Ultragas ApS with that of Navigator. Mr. von Appen was appointed as Non-Executive Chairman of Navigator on September 23, 2021, following the retirement of Mr. Butters. Mr. von Appen was Chairman of the Board of Ultranav Limitada from 2002 to 2023 and a Board Member of Ultramar Ltda. between 1999 and 2023. Mr. von Appen has been a member of the Board of Ultranav Limitada since 2023, as well as a board member of other Chilean and international businesses. He holds a degree in Economics from the Universidad de Chile in Santiago and also completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School of Boston. Mr. von Appen is a Chilean and German citizen.
Dr. Heiko Fischer. Dr. Fischer has been a member of the Board since December 2011. From May 2004 to June 2021, Dr. Fischer was Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Executive Board of VTG Aktiengesellschaft, a German railroad freight car lessor and logistics company which traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2019. Dr. Fischer was a member of the Supervisory Board of Hapag-Lloyd AG, a German container shipping company, as well as the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Northrail AG. Dr. Fischer is a member of the supervisory boards of M.M.Warburg & CO (AG & Co.) KGaA and M.M.Warburg & CO Geschaeftsfuehrungs-AG, Chairman of the Advisory Boards of Paribus Holding GmbH & Co. KG as well es of TRANSWAGGON-Group and a member of the Advisory Boards of BPGC Management LP, Brueckenhaus
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Grundstueckgesellschaft m.b.H. and Kommanditgesellschaft Brueckenhaus Grundstuecksgesellschaft m.b.H. & Co., as well as a member of the Administrative Boards of TRANSWAGGON AG and Waggon Holding AG. Dr. Fischer graduated from the University at Albany (SUNY) with an MBA in 1992, and from Julius-Maximilians-University in Wuerzburg, Germany with a PhD in Economic Sciences in 1996.
Janette Marx. Ms. Marx has been a member of the Board since October 2023. Over the last 5 years, Ms. Marx has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Airswift Group, a global technical workforce solutions company serving the energy, process and infrastructure industries. As a global Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Marx has experience in running complex operations in more than 60 countries, corporate governance, and financial acumen
to make sound business decisions. Prior to joining Airswift Group, Ms. Marx spent 19 years at Adecco Group, where she ran the technical, engineering, medical and science divisions, as well as overseeing the integration of the Adecco Group finance business lines after the acquisition of MPS Group. Ms. Marx has just taken on a new CEO role of Employbridge which is backed by Apollo Group. Ms. Marx is a member of the board of directors of the American Staffing Association, Junior Achievement, and CEOs Against Cancer. Ms. Marx holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Management and an MBA from Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business. Navigator Gas is the only directorship that Ms. Marx holds outside of Employbridge.
Dr. Anita Odedra. Dr. Odedra has been a member of the Board since March 2022. Dr. Odedra was formerly Executive Vice President, LNG Marketing and Trading at Tellurian Inc. from 2018 to 2025, Executive Vice President at Angelicoussis Shipping Group Limited from 2016 to 2018 and Vice President, Shipping & Commercial Operations for Cheniere Marketing Limited from February 2016 to July 2016. Dr. Odedra spent 19 years at BG Group, where she worked across all aspects of BG’s business, including exploration, production, trading, marketing and business development. Dr. Odedra has a PhD in Rock Physics from University College London and the University of Tokyo and a BSC in Geology from Imperial College, University of London.
Peter Stokes. Mr. Stokes has been a member of the Board since August 4, 2021, as a designee of Naviera Ultranav Limitada. Through his work as a senior investment banker and boards of director positions, Mr. Stokes has long-standing experience in acting as advisor to many shipping companies. Mr. Stokes was Chairman of the Global Maritime Forum between 2017 and 2022. Mr. Stokes was a director and subsequently senior adviser of Lazard Ltd. from 1998 to 2021. Prior to joining Lazard, Mr. Stokes was a founder and partner of Castalia Partners from 1992 to 1998. Due to his breadth of knowledge, Mr. Stokes is a frequent speaker at international shipping and finance conferences. Mr. Stokes is a British citizen and resides in England.
Florian Weidinger. Mr. Weidinger has been a member of the Board since March 2007. Mr. Weidinger is the CEO of Santa Lucia Asset Management (SLAM), a pan-Asian investment management business. Mr. Weidinger previously worked as a vice president at Lehman Brothers’ principal investment division, Global Trading Strategies in London. Mr. Weidinger holds a BSc from Bayes Business School, City University, London, an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business and an MS in Environment and Resources from Stanford University.
Ultranav and BW Group have the right under the terms of their respective Investor Rights Agreements to each designate two individuals to be nominated to our Board. Mr. von Appen and Mr. Stokes are designees of Ultranav and Ms Asheim was a designee of the BW Group until her resignation from the board effective June 30, 2025. Following Ms. Asheim's resignation, BW Group have no designees on the board of the Company. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Investor Rights Agreements.”
Executive Officers
The following table provides information about our executive officers. Each of NGT Services (UK) Limited and Navigator Gas (Denmark) ApS, our wholly-owned subsidiaries and commercial managers, provides us with certain of our officers. All references in this annual report to “our officers” refer to those officers of NGT Services (UK) Limited and Navigator Gas (Denmark) ApS, who perform executive officer functions for our benefit.
| Name | Age | Position | ||||||
| Mads Peter Zacho | 56 | Chief Executive Officer | ||||||
| Gary Chapman | 51 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||||
| Oeyvind Lindeman | 46 | Chief Commercial Officer | ||||||
| Michael Schröder | 61 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||||
Mads Peter Zacho. Mr Zacho was appointed Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company in August 2022. Mr. Zacho has worked in shipping for almost 20 years, most recently as the Head of Industry Transition at the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping, from November 2020. From November 2016 to August 2020, Mr Zacho was CEO for J. Lauritzen A/S and was also CFO for TORM plc from September 2013 to November 2016 and CFO for Svitzer between 2010 and 2013. Mr Zacho was Deputy Head of Treasury for A.P. Møller-Mærsk between 2004 and 2010. Mr Zacho spent the first 10 years of his career in the financial industry in Denmark and the United States and brings shipping experience from several shipping segments, namely the gas tanker, dry bulk, product tanker, container and towage segments. Mr Zacho has an MSc in Economics from the University of Copenhagen and an MBA from the International Institute for Management Development, Lausanne.
Gary Chapman. Mr. Chapman was appointed as Chief Financial Officer in October 2023. Mr. Chapman joined Navigator from KNOT Offshore Partners LP, an NYSE-listed owner and operator of shuttle tankers, where from 2019 he served as both CEO and CFO. Prior to that, Mr. Chapman was Chief Financial Officer of Biggin Hill Airport Ltd., a private business aviation airport in London, and served for 14 years as Finance Director of NYK’s energy transport business in the EMEA region and as European Head of Tax for the NYK Group in Europe. Mr. Chapman also performed various audit
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and tax roles over 7 years with KPMG, including as a member of the Oil and Gas Group. Mr. Chapman is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales and resides in London.
Oeyvind Lindeman. Mr. Lindeman was appointed Chartering Manager of the Company in November 2007, before being appointed Chief Commercial Officer in January 2014. Prior to this, Mr. Lindeman was employed for five years as a charterer within the gas division at A.P. Møller Maersk. Mr. Lindeman holds a BA with honors from the University of Strathclyde and an Executive MBA with distinction from Cass Business School.
Michael Schröder. Mr. Schröder joined Navigator following the merger with Ultragas ApS in August 2021, where he served as Chief Executive Officer. During his 34-year career, Mr. Schröder held several senior management positions in Chile and elsewhere. Mr. Schröder has served on boards of shipping and logistic companies, as well as international shipping institutions. Mr. Schröder graduated as an Industrial Engineer from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and later obtained an MBA from the same university. Mr. Schröder completed an Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School (Boston). Mr. Schröder is German and Chilean citizen, and resides in Denmark.
| B. | Compensation | |||||||
Compensation of Directors
The Non-Executive Chairman receives an annual fee of $250,000, of which $125,000 is paid in cash and $125,000 in shares of restricted stock granted under our long-term incentive plan, which vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. Each of the other non-employee directors who serves as a member of our Board receives an annual fee of $120,000, of which $60,000 is paid in cash and $60,000 in shares of restricted stock granted under our long-term incentive plan, which vest on the first anniversary of the grant date.
In addition, up to and including June 30, 2025, each chairperson of the board committees received an additional amount of $5,000 per annum. With effect from July 1, 2025, the additional compensation of the chairperson of the Audit and Risk Committee was increased to $30,000 per annum, and the compensation of each chairperson of other board committees was increased to $20,000 per annum, with all members of each committee receiving a meeting fee of $1,500 for each committee meeting attended. Any officers who also serve as members of our Board or board committees do not receive additional compensation for their services as directors.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, we granted a total of 30,523 shares of restricted stock pursuant to awards under the 2023 LTIP (as defined below) in the aggregate to all of the non-employee directors of the company as part of their compensation, which such awards vest and become free of restrictions on the first anniversary of the grant date.
Each director will be fully indemnified by us for actions associated with being a director to the extent permitted under Marshall Islands law.
Compensation of Management
Our officers receive compensation for the services they provide to us. For the purposes of this annual report, all forms of compensation paid to our officers have been converted to U.S. Dollars. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the aggregate cash compensation paid to all officers as a group was $2.3 million. The cash compensation for each officer is comprised of base salary, pension contributions or amounts in lieu of pension contributions and bonus. Our officers are eligible to receive a discretionary annual cash bonus based on certain performance criteria determined by Governance, People and Compensation Committee (the "GPC Committee") the and approved by our Board. Regardless of performance, the annual cash bonuses are paid at the sole discretion of the GPC Committee, subject to approval by our Board.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, a total of 82,066 Restricted Stock Units ("RSU") were granted to all of our officers in the aggregate under the 2023 restricted Stock Plan which can be exercised after three years.
Our officers are eligible to participate in certain welfare benefit programs we offer, including life insurance, permanent health insurance, and private medical insurance. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the cost of these benefits provided to our officers was in the aggregate approximately $0.1 million.
Equity Compensation: 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan
In connection with the expiration of the 2013 LTIP, we adopted the Navigator Holdings Ltd. 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan, the “2023 LTIP”, for our and our subsidiaries' employees and directors, as well as consultants who perform services for us. The 2023 LTIP provides for the award of restricted stock, stock options, restricted stock units, shares of common stock granted as a bonus or in lieu of obligations to pay cash or deliver property under the 2023 LTIP, or other plans or compensatory arrangements. The 2023 LTIP provides that any of the foregoing awards can be conditioned upon the achievement of specified performance criteria.
Administration. The 2023 LTIP is administered by the GPC Committee, or the “Plan Administrator,” with certain decisions subject to approval of our Board. The Plan Administrator will have the authority to, among other things, designate participants under the 2023 LTIP, determine the type or types of awards to be granted to a participant, determine the number of shares of our common stock to be covered by awards, determine the terms and conditions applicable to awards and interpret and administer the 2023 LTIP. The Plan Administrator has the right to alter, amend or suspend, discontinue or terminated any award from time to time, however, no change in any outstanding grant may be made that could materially reduce the benefits of a participant without the consent of that participant.
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Number of Shares. Subject to adjustment as described below in "Adjustments", the number of shares available for delivery pursuant to awards granted under the 2023 LTIP is 3,000,000 shares. There is no limit on the number of awards that may be granted and paid in cash. Shares subject to an award under the 2023 LTIP that are canceled, forfeited, exchanged, settled in cash or otherwise terminated, are available for delivery pursuant to other awards, unless otherwise prohibited by applicable law or regulation. Shares that are withheld or surrendered to pay the exercise price or purchase price of, or taxes related to, an award will not be available for issuance under the 2023 LTIP. The shares of our common stock to be delivered under the 2023 LTIP will be made available from authorized but unissued shares, shares held in treasury, or previously issued shares reacquired by us, including by purchase on the open market.
Director Limits. No non-employee director may be granted during any fiscal year compensation (including awards under the 2023 LTIP, determined on the grant date of such award, as well as retainer fees) that could be in excess of $750,000.
Restricted Shares. A restricted share grant is an award of common stock that vests over a period of time and that during such time is subject to forfeiture. The Plan Administrator may determine to make grants of restricted shares under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. The Plan Administrator will determine the period over which restricted shares granted to participants will vest. The Plan Administrator may require or permit participants who hold restricted shares to elect that cash dividends paid with respect thereto be reinvested in additional restricted shares, applied to the purchase of additional awards or deferred without interest to the date of vesting of the associated restricted shares, so long as any election complies with the non qualified deferred compensation rules under Internal Revenue Code Section 409A. Where shares or other property (other than cash) are distributed in connection with a stock split or stock dividend, such shares or other property will be subject to the same restrictions and risk of forfeiture as the underlying restricted shares, with respect to which it was distributed.
Share Options. A share option is a right to purchase shares at a specified price during specified time periods. The 2023 LTIP permits the grant of options covering our common stock. The Plan Administrator may make grants under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. Share options will have an exercise price that may not be less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Share options granted under the 2023 LTIP will be non-qualified share options. Share options granted will become exercisable over a period determined by the Plan Administrator. No share option will have a term that exceeds ten years. The availability of share options is intended to furnish additional compensation to plan participants and to align their economic interests with those of common shareholders.
Performance Award. The right to receive all or part of an award granted under the 2023 LTIP may be based upon the achievement of performance criteria specified by the Plan Administrator. The Plan Administrator will determine the period over which certain specified company or individual goals, or objectives must be met.
Restricted Share Unit. A restricted unit is a notional share that entitles the grantee to receive a share of common stock upon the vesting of the restricted share unit or, in the discretion of the Plan Administrator, cash equivalent to the value of a share of common stock. The Plan Administrator may determine to make grants of restricted share units under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. The Plan Administrator will determine the period over which restricted share units granted to participants will vest.
The Plan Administrator, in its discretion, may grant tandem dividend equivalent rights with respect to restricted share units that entitle the holder to receive cash, shares or other property equal to any cash dividends made on our common stock while the restricted share units are outstanding. Such dividend equivalents will either be paid to the participant on the dividend payment date or will be subject to the same terms, conditions and restrictions as the underlying restricted stock unit, as determined by the Plan Administrator. Where shares of common stock or other property (other than cash) are distributed in connection with a stock split or stock dividend, such shares or other property will be subject to the same restrictions and risk of forfeiture as the underlying restricted share unit, as applicable.
Bonus Shares. The Plan Administrator, in its discretion, may also grant to participants shares of common stock that are not subject to forfeiture. Such shares may be granted as a bonus, or such shares or other awards may be granted in lieu of the Company's obligations to pay cash or deliver other property under the 2023 LTIP or other compensatory arrangement. The Plan Administrator can grant bonus shares without requiring that the recipient pay any remuneration for the shares.
Tax Withholding. At our discretion, and subject to conditions that the Plan Administrator may impose, any required tax withholding with respect to an award may be satisfied by the Plan Administrator's withholding of such amount from any payment related to an award or by the withholding of shares issuable pursuant to the award based on the fair market value of the shares, or through any other action the Plan Administrator deems advisable.
Adjustments. In the case of (i) a subdivision of the common stock (by reclassification, split or reverse split, the issuance of a stock dividend or otherwise), (ii) an extraordinary cash dividend, (iii) a consolidation of the common stock (by reclassification, reverse stock split or otherwise) or (iv) a recapitalization, reclassification or other change in our capital structure that is not a “change in control,” a corresponding and proportionate adjustment shall be made in accordance with the terms of the 2023 LTIP, as appropriate, with respect to the maximum number of shares available under the 2023 LTIP, the number of shares that may be acquired with respect to an award, and, if applicable, the exercise price of an award, in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of awards as a result of such events.
Change in Control. Upon a “change in control” (as defined in the 2023 LTIP), the Plan Administrator may, in its discretion, provide that (i) any outstanding award be continued or assumed by the Company (if it is the surviving company or corporation) or by the surviving company or corporation or its parent; (ii) provide that a substitute award be granted by the surviving company or corporation or its parent of equity, equity-based and/or cash awards with substantially the same terms; (iii) provide for the acceleration of the vesting, exercisability, or lapse of restrictions, in whole or in part, with
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respect to an award; (iv) accelerate the time at which options may be exercised for a limited period of time on or before a specified date, after which time all unexercised options and rights thereunder will terminate; (v) cancel outstanding awards in exchange for cash consideration (with any options whose exercise price is less than the per share cash consideration being cancelled for no consideration); or (vi) make such adjustments to awards then outstanding as the Plan Administrator deems appropriate to reflect such Change in Control.
Termination of Employment or Service. The consequences of the termination of a grantee’s employment, consulting arrangement, or membership on the board of directors will be determined by the Plan Administrator in the terms of the relevant award agreement.
Duration, Amendment and Termination. The Board may amend, alter, suspend, discontinue or terminate the 2023 LTIP or the Plan Administrator’s authority to grant awards under the 2023 LTIP without the consent of the Company’s shareholders or participants; however, (i) shareholder approval of any amendment to the 2023 LTIP must be obtained to the extent shareholder approval is necessary to comply with applicable law or securities exchange listing standards or rules (including with respect to any increase to the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2023 LTIP) and (ii) consent of an affected participant is required where a Plan Administrator action could materially and adversely affect the rights of such participant under an award.
Equity Compensation: 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan
In connection with our initial public offering, we adopted the 2013 LTIP for our and our affiliates’ employees and directors as well as consultants who perform services for us. The 2013 LTIP provides for the award of restricted stock, stock options, performance awards, annual incentive awards, restricted stock units, bonus stock awards, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents, and other share-based awards.
Administration. The 2013 LTIP is administered by the Compensation Committee, or the “Plan Administrator,” with certain decisions subject to approval of our Board. The Plan Administrator will have the authority to, among other things, designate participants under the 2013 LTIP, determine the type or types of awards to be granted to a participant, determine the number of shares of our common stock to be covered by awards, determine the terms and conditions applicable to awards and interpret and administer the 2013 LTIP. The Plan Administrator may terminate or amend the 2013 LTIP at any time with respect to any shares of our common stock for which a grant has not yet been made. The Plan Administrator also has the right to alter or amend the 2013 LTIP or any part of the plan from time to time, including increasing the number of shares of our common stock that may be granted, subject to shareholder approval as required by the exchange upon which our common stock is listed at that time. However, no change in any outstanding grant may be made that could materially reduce the benefits of the participant without the consent of the participant.
Number of Shares. Subject to adjustment in the event of any distribution, recapitalization, split, merger, consolidation or similar corporate event, the number of shares available for delivery pursuant to awards granted under the 2013 LTIP is 3,000,000 shares. There is no limit on the number of awards that may be granted and paid in cash. Shares subject to an award under the 2013 LTIP that are canceled, forfeited, exchanged, settled in cash or otherwise terminated, including withheld to satisfy exercise prices or tax withholding obligations, are available for delivery pursuant to other awards. The shares of our common stock to be delivered under the 2013 LTIP will be made available from authorized but unissued shares, shares held in treasury, or previously issued shares reacquired by us, including by purchase on the open market.
Restricted Shares. A restricted share grant is an award of common stock that vests over a period of time and that during such time is subject to forfeiture. The Plan Administrator may determine to make grants of restricted shares under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. The Plan Administrator will determine the period over which restricted shares granted to participants will vest. The Plan Administrator, in its discretion, may base its determination upon the achievement of specified financial objectives. Dividends made on restricted shares may or may not be subjected to the same vesting provisions as the restricted shares.
Share Options. A share option is a right to purchase shares at a specified price during specified time periods. The 2013 LTIP permits the grant of options covering our common stock. The Plan Administrator may make grants under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. Share options will have an exercise price that may not be less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Share options granted under the 2013 LTIP can be either incentive share options (within the meaning of section 422 of the Code), which may have certain tax advantages for recipients, or non-qualified share options. Share options granted will become exercisable over a period determined by the Plan Administrator. No share option will have a term that exceeds ten years. The availability of share options is intended to furnish additional compensation to plan participants and to align their economic interests with those of common shareholders.
Performance Award. A performance award is a right to receive all or part of an award granted under the 2013 LTIP based upon performance criteria specified by the Plan Administrator. The Plan Administrator will determine the period over which certain specified company or individual goals, or objectives must be met. The performance award may be paid in cash, shares of our common stock or other awards or property, in the discretion of the Plan Administrator.
Annual Incentive Award. An annual incentive award is a conditional right to receive a cash payment, shares or other award unless otherwise determined by the Plan Administrator, after the end of a specified year. The amount potentially payable will be based upon the achievement of performance goals established by the Plan Administrator.
Restricted Share Unit. A restricted share unit is a notional share that entitles the grantee to receive a share of common stock upon the vesting of the restricted share unit or, in the discretion of the Plan Administrator, cash equivalent to the value of a share of common stock. The Plan Administrator
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may determine to make grants of restricted share units under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. The Plan Administrator will determine the period over which restricted share units granted to participants will vest.
The Plan Administrator, in its discretion, may grant tandem dividend equivalent rights with respect to restricted share units that entitle the holder to receive cash equal to any cash dividends made on our common stock while the restricted share units are outstanding.
Bonus Shares. The Plan Administrator, in its discretion, may also grant to participants shares of common stock that are not subject to forfeiture. The Plan Administrator can grant bonus shares without requiring that the recipient pay any remuneration for the shares.
Share Appreciation Rights. The 2013 LTIP permits the grant of share appreciation rights. A share appreciation right is an award that, upon exercise, entitles participants to receive the excess of the fair market value of our common stock on the exercise date over the grant price established for the share appreciation right on the date of grant. Such excess will be paid in cash or common stock. The Plan Administrator may determine to make grants of share appreciation rights under the plan to participants containing such terms as the Plan Administrator shall determine. Share appreciation rights will have a grant price that may not be less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. In general, share appreciation rights granted will become exercisable over a period determined by the Plan Administrator.
Other Share-Based Awards. The Plan Administrator, in its discretion, may also grant to participants an award denominated or payable in, referenced to, or otherwise based on or related to the value of our common stock.
Tax Withholding. At our discretion, and subject to conditions that the Plan Administrator may impose, a participant’s minimum statutory tax withholding with respect to an award may be satisfied by withholding from any payment related to an award or by the withholding of shares issuable pursuant to the award based on the fair market value of the shares.
Anti-Dilution Adjustments. If any “equity restructuring” event occurs that could result in an additional compensation expense under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or “FASB ASC Topic 718,” if adjustments to awards with respect to such event were discretionary, the Plan Administrator will equitably adjust the number and type of shares covered by each outstanding award and the terms and conditions of such award to equitably reflect the restructuring event, and the Plan Administrator will adjust the number and type of shares with respect to which future awards may be granted. With respect to a similar event that could not result in a FASB ASC Topic 718 accounting charge if adjustment to awards were discretionary, the Plan Administrator shall have complete discretion to adjust awards in the manner it deems appropriate. In the event the Plan Administrator makes any adjustment in accordance with the foregoing provisions, a corresponding and proportionate adjustment shall be made with respect to the maximum number of shares available under the 2013 LTIP and the kind of shares or other securities available for grant under the 2013 LTIP. Furthermore, in the case of (i) a subdivision or consolidation of the common stock (by reclassification, split or reverse split or otherwise), (ii) a recapitalization, reclassification, or other change in our capital structure or (iii) any other reorganization, merger, combination, exchange or other relevant change in capitalization of our equity, then a corresponding and proportionate adjustment shall be made in accordance with the terms of the 2013 LTIP, as appropriate, with respect to the maximum number of shares available under the 2013 LTIP, the number of shares that may be acquired with respect to an award, and, if applicable, the exercise price of an award, in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of awards as a result of such events.
Change in Control. Upon a “change of control” (as defined in the 2013 LTIP), the Plan Administrator may, in its discretion, (i) remove any forfeiture restrictions applicable to an award, (ii) accelerate the time of exercisability or vesting of an award, (iii) require awards to be surrendered in exchange for a cash payment, (iv) cancel unvested awards without payment or (v) make adjustments to awards as the Plan Administrator deems appropriate to reflect the change of control.
Termination of Employment or Service. The consequences of the termination of a grantee’s employment, consulting arrangement, or membership on the board of directors will be determined by the Plan Administrator in the terms of the relevant award agreement.
As described above under “—Compensation of Management” and “—Compensation of Directors,” during the year ended December 31, 2025, we granted a total of 30,523 shares of restricted stock under the 2023 LTIP to our non-employee directors. The restricted stock awards granted to our officers vest and become free of restrictions on the third anniversary of the date of grant while the restricted stock awards granted to our non-employee directors vest and become free of restrictions on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Following the adoption of the 2023 LTIP (described below), future equity awards granted to our officers and directors will be made under the 2023 LTIP.
Benefit Plans and Programs
We sponsor a money purchase defined contribution plan, which we refer to as a personal pension plan, for all employees. Each employee is eligible to contribute up to 100% of their annual salary to their personal pension plan and we will contribute, depending on an employee’s criteria, up to 12% of the employee’s annual salary. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we paid an aggregate of approximately $0.1 million in contributions to the personal pension plan for our four officers (December 31, 2024: $0.1 million). For the year ended December 31, 2025, we paid an aggregate of $1.1 million in contributions to the personal pension plans for all other eligible employees (December 31, 2024: $0.6 million).
| C. | Board Practices | |||||||
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While we are not subject to a number of the NYSE’s corporate governance standards as a foreign private issuer, we intend to comply voluntarily with a number of those rules. For example, we have a board of directors that is comprised of a majority of independent directors. On a regular basis the Board also meets in closed session without the executive management being present, and typically such meetings take place four times per year.
Term of Office
As of December 31, 2025 the board of directors of the Company consists of six members. As provided in the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, the directors of the Company shall be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders. Each director elected shall serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, except in the event of his or her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his or her term of office.
Service Contracts
Our non-executive directors do not have service contracts with us or any of our subsidiaries that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have an audit and risk committee, a Governance, People and Compensation Committee and a Sustainability and Strategy Committee. In addition, our board of directors may, from time to time, designate one or more additional committees, which shall have the duties and powers granted to it by our board of directors.
Audit and Risk Committee. Our Audit and Risk Committee consists of Mr. Weidinger, Dr. Fischer, Ms. Marx and Dr. Odedra, with Mr. Weidinger as chairperson. Our board of directors has determined that all members of the Audit and Risk Committee satisfy the independence standards established by the NYSE and that each qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. The Audit and Risk Committee is responsible for, among other things, the hiring or termination of the independent registered public accounting firm; approving any non-audit work performed by such independent registered public accounting firm; and assisting the board in monitoring the integrity of our consolidated financial statements, the independent registered public accounting firms qualifications and independence, the performance of the independent registered public accounting firm and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and the Company's risk management framework and practices, including cyber security.
Governance, People and Compensation Committee. Our Governance, People and Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Stokes, Ms. Marx and Dr. Fischer, with Dr. Fischer as chairperson. The Governance, People and Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things, governance, development of a strong talent and succession pipeline, driving culture that champions high performance, safety, diversity and inclusion, and formulating the compensation philosophy, pay structures and incentive goals for board members and other key officers of the Company.
Sustainability and Strategy Committee. Our Sustainability and Strategy committee consists of Mr. von Appen, Mr. Weidinger and Dr. Odedra with Dr. Odedra as chairperson. The Sustainability and Strategy Committee is responsible for ensuring the alignment of corporate strategy with sustainability goals, and enhancing long-term value creation, and innovative business practices.
| D. | Employees | |||||||
We had 175 shore based employees as of December 31, 2025, compared to 175 employees as of December 31, 2024, and 174 as of December 31, 2023. We also had approximately 1,800 crew onboard our vessels as of December 31, 2025 and we consider our employee relations to be good.
| E. | Share Ownership | |||||||
See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”
| F. | Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation | |||||||
Not Applicable
| Item 7. | Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions | ||||
| A. | Major Shareholders | |||||||
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 12, 2026:
•each person known by us to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock;
•each of our directors;
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•each of our executive officers; and
•all directors and executive officers as a group.
The data set forth below is based on information filed with the SEC and information provided to us prior to March 12, 2026. Except as otherwise indicated, the person or entities listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all of our shares of common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable.
| Common Stock Beneficially Owned | ||||||||
| Name of Beneficial Owner | Number of Shares (1) | Percent | ||||||
| Naviera Ultranav Dos Limitada (2) | 21,202,671 | 32.5% | ||||||
| BW Group (3) | 14,890,748 | 22.8% | ||||||
| Neil Gagnon (4) | 3,816,409 | 5.8% | ||||||
| Dag von Appen (5) | 437,314 | * | ||||||
| Dr. Heiko Fischer | 90,135 | * | ||||||
| Florian Weidinger | 60,035 | * | ||||||
Michael Schröder | 30,000 | * | ||||||
| Peter Stokes | 11,910 | * | ||||||
| Anita Odedra | 17,141 | * | ||||||
| Janette Marx | 12,647 | * | ||||||
| Oeyvind Lindeman | 6,259 | * | ||||||
| All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons) | 665,441 | 1.0% | ||||||
| * | Less than 1%. | ||||
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, all shares of common stock are owned directly by the named holder and such holder has sole power to vote and dispose of such shares. Unless otherwise noted, the address for each beneficial owner named above is: 10 Bressenden Place, London, SW1E 5DH, United Kingdom. | ||||
| (2) | Represents 21,202,671 shares of common stock held by Ultranav International ApS, a wholly owned subsidiary of Naviera Ultranav Dos Limitada. The address of Ultranav International ApS identified in this note is Smakkedalen 6, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark, the address of Naviera Ultranav Dos Limitada is Av. El Bosque Norte, 500, 20th Floor, 7550092 Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. Mr von Appen is Chairman of Naviera Ultranav Dos Limitada. | ||||
| (3) | Represents 14,890,748 shares of common stock held directly by BW Group. The address of entity and person identified in this note is c/o Inchona Services Limited, Washington Mall Phase 2, 4th Floor, Suite 400, 22 Church Street, HM 1189, Hamilton HMEX, Bermuda. Mr Sohmen-Pao is Chairman of BW Group. | ||||
| (4) | This information is based on the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on July 19, 2022. According to this Schedule 13G Neil Gagnon possessed sole voting power over 375,883, shared voting power over 3,295,480 shares, sole dispositive power over 375,883 and shared dispositive power over 3,440,526 shares. | ||||
| (5) | Includes 400,000 shares held by a family fund of which Mr. von Appen is a director and a beneficiary. | ||||
Our major shareholders have the same voting rights as our other shareholders. No corporation or foreign government owns more than 50% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. We are not aware of any arrangements, the operation of which, may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of the Company.
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| B. | Related Party Transactions | |||||||
From time to time we enter into agreements and consummate transactions with certain related parties. We may enter into related party transactions from time to time in the future. In connection with our initial public offering, we established an audit committee upon the closing of our initial public offering in order to, among other things, conduct an appropriate review of all related party transactions for potential conflict of interest situations on an ongoing basis and to approve all such transactions. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices—Committees of the Board of Directors.”
The related party transactions that we were party to between January 1, 2025, and December 31, 2025, are described in Note 21. Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements.
Investor Rights Agreements
On December 22, 2020, we entered into an Investor Rights Agreement with BW Group (the “BW Group Investor Rights Agreement”), which provides BW Group with the right to designate two members of the board of directors of Navigator (provided that BW Group maintains certain ownership levels) and with certain registration rights and informational rights.
On August 4, 2021, we entered into an Investor Rights Agreement with Ultranav International S.A. and Ultranav Denmark ApS (the “Ultranav Investor Rights Agreement”), which provides Ultranav with the right to designate two members of the board of directors of Navigator (provided that Ultranav maintains certain ownership levels) and with certain registration rights and informational rights. In connection with the Ultragas Transaction, the Company also amended and restated the BW Group Investor Rights Agreement to conform the terms of such agreement with the Ultranav Investor Rights Agreement.
| C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel | |||||||
Not applicable.
| Item 8. | Financial Information | ||||
| A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information | |||||||
Please see “Item 18—Financial Statements” below for additional information required to be disclosed under this item.
Legal Proceedings
In the future we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including personal injury and property casualty claims. These claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We are not aware of any legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Capital Return Policy
The Company’s Capital Return Policy, which is subject to operating needs, market conditions, legal requirements, stock price and other circumstances, consists of paying out quarterly cash dividends of $0.07 per share of common stock and returning additional capital in the form of additional cash dividends and/or Share Repurchases (as defined below), such that the two elements combined equal at least 30% of net income for the applicable quarter.
As part of the Capital Return Policy, should we repurchase the Company’s common stock (the “Share Repurchases”), any such Share Repurchases will be made via open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or any other method permitted under U.S. securities laws and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Declarations of any dividends in the future, and the amount of any such dividends, are subject to the discretion of the Company’s Board. The Capital Return Policy does not oblige the Company to pay any dividends or repurchase any of its shares in the future and it may be suspended, discontinued or modified by the Company at any time, for any reason. Further, the timing of any Share Repurchases under the Capital Return Policy will be determined by the Company’s management and will depend on operating needs, market conditions, legal requirements, stock price, and other circumstances. See “Part I. Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Trend Information—Cash Dividend and Share Repurchases.”
We are not required to pay a dividend and any determination to pay dividends and the timing and amount of any such dividend in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, business conditions, our financial condition and operating results, liquidity, profits, capital expenditures and commitments, market prospects, investment opportunities, the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of dividends to shareholders, and the terms and restrictions of our existing and future credit facilities, other debt agreements and other contractual restrictions. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive only such dividends as our board of directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—
We have recently declared quarterly dividends, but we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid in the future in any amount or at all.
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| B. | Significant Changes | |||||||
Not applicable.
| Item 9. | The Offer and Listing | ||||
| A. | Offer and Listing Details | |||||||
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange “NYSE” under the symbol “NVGS”.
| B. | Plan of distribution | |||||||
Not applicable.
| C. | Markets | |||||||
Our common stock started trading on the NYSE on November 21, 2013.
D. | Selling Shareholders | |||||||
Not applicable.
E. | Dilution | |||||||
Not applicable.
F. | Expense of the Issue | |||||||
Not applicable.
| Item 10. | Additional Information | ||||
| A. | Share Capital | |||||||
Not applicable.
| B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association | |||||||
The information required to be disclosed under this item is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 filed herein
| C. | Material Contracts | |||||||
The following is a summary of each material contract, other than material contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party, for the two years immediately preceding the date of this annual report, each of which is included in the list of exhibits in “Item 19—Exhibits”:
| (1) | Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated August 4, 2021, among Navigator Holdings Ltd. and BW Group Limited. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Investor Rights Agreements”. | ||||
| (2) | Investor Rights Agreement, dated August 4, 2021, among Navigator Holdings Ltd. and Ultranav International S.A. and Ultranav Denmark ApS. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Investor Rights Agreements”. | ||||
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| (3) | $200 million Senior Secured Term Loan facility agreement dated March 20, 2023 between Navigator Gas L.L.C. as borrower and ABN AMRO BANK N.V. and NORDEA BANK ABP, FILIAL I NORGE as bookrunners. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities—Term and Facility Limits—March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan.” | ||||
| (4) | $151.2 million Term Loan Facility dated December 15, 2022, between Pacific Jupiter L.L.C., Pacific Mars L.L.C.,Pacific Mercury L.L.C., Pacific Saturn L.L.C., and Pacific Venus L.L.C. as Borrowers and ING Bank N.V., London Branch as Coordinator. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities—Term and Facility Limits—Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility.” | ||||
| D. | Exchange Controls | |||||||
We are not aware of any governmental laws, decrees or regulations, including foreign exchange controls, in the Republic of the Marshall Islands that restrict the export or import of capital, or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our securities.
We are not aware of any limitations on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote our securities imposed by the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or our articles of incorporation or bylaws.
| E. | Taxation | |||||||
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations related to the ownership of our common stock that may be relevant to our shareholders. This discussion is based upon provisions of the Code, Treasury Regulations, and administrative rulings and court decisions, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Changes in these authorities may cause the tax consequences of holding our common stock to vary substantially from the consequences described below. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “our” or “us” are references to Navigator Gas.
The following discussion applies only to beneficial owners of our common stock that own shares of common stock as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (i.e., generally for investment purposes) and is not intended to be applicable to all categories of investors, such as shareholders subject to special tax rules (e.g., financial institutions, insurance companies, broker-dealers, tax-exempt organizations, retirement plans or individual retirement accounts, or former citizens or long-term residents of the United States), to United States persons (within the meaning of the Code) that own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of our stock, to persons that hold the shares as part of a straddle, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to partnerships and other pass-through entities and arrangements and their owners, or to persons that have a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below. If a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the tax treatment of its partners generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common stock, we encourage you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences to you of the partnership’s ownership of our common stock.
No ruling has been or will be requested from the IRS regarding any matter affecting us or our shareholders. The statements made herein may be challenged by the IRS and, if so challenged, may not be sustained upon review in a court.
This discussion does not contain information regarding any U.S. state or local, estate, gift or alternative minimum tax considerations concerning the ownership or disposition of our common stock. This discussion does not comment on all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular shareholders in light of their individual circumstances, and each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, and other tax consequences of the ownership or disposition of our common stock.
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Status as a Corporation
We are treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. Holders (as defined below) will not be directly subject to U.S. federal income tax on our income, but rather will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us and dispositions of shares as described below.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is:
•an individual U.S. citizen or resident (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes);
•a corporation (or other entity that is classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States or its political subdivisions;
•an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
•a trust if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary jurisdiction over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Distributions to U.S. Holders. Subject to the discussion below of the rules applicable to PFICs, any distributions to a U.S. Holder made by us with respect to our common stock generally will constitute dividends to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in our common stock and thereafter as a capital gain. U.S. Holders that are corporations generally will not be entitled to claim a dividend received deduction with respect to distributions they receive from us. Dividends received with respect to our common stock generally will be treated as “passive category income” for purposes of computing allowable foreign tax credits for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Dividends received with respect to our common stock by a U.S. Holder that is an individual, trust or estate, or a “U.S. Individual Holder,” generally will be treated as “qualified dividend income,” which is taxable to such U.S. Individual Holder at preferential tax rates provided that: (i) our common stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (such as the New York Stock Exchange on which our common stock is listed); (ii) we are not a PFIC for the taxable year during which the dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year (which we do not believe we are, have been or will be, as discussed below under “PFIC Status and Significant Tax Consequences”); (iii) the U.S. Individual Holder has owned the common stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the common stock become ex-dividend (and has not entered into certain risk limiting transactions with respect to such common stock); and (iv) the U.S. Individual Holder is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Because of the uncertainty of these matters, including whether we are or will be a PFIC, there is no assurance that any dividends paid on our common stock will be eligible for these preferential rates in the hands of a U.S. Individual Holder, and any dividends paid on our common stock that are not eligible for these preferential rates will be taxed as ordinary income to a U.S. Individual Holder.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Common Stock. Subject to the discussion of PFICs below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a taxable gain or loss upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized by the U.S. Holder from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares. The U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in its common stock generally will be the U.S. Holder’s purchase price for the shares of common stock and that tax basis will be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of any distributions on the shares that are treated as non-taxable returns of capital (as discussed above under “—Distributions to U.S. Holders”). Such a gain or loss will be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period is greater than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition. Certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) may be eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. A U.S. Holder’s ability to deduct capital losses is subject to limitations. Such a capital gain or loss generally will be treated as U.S.-source income or loss, as applicable, for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
PFIC Status and Significant Tax Consequences. Adverse U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S. Holder that owns an equity interest in a non-U.S. corporation that is classified as a PFIC with respect to such U.S. Holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, we will be treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if, for any taxable year in which the holder held our common stock, either:
•at least 75% of our gross income (including the gross income of our vessel-owning subsidiaries) for such taxable year consists of passive income (e.g., dividends, interest, capital gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents derived other than in the active conduct of a rental business), or
•at least 50% of the average value of the assets held by us (including the assets of our vessel-owning subsidiaries) during such taxable year produce, or are held for the production of, passive income.
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Income earned or treated as earned (for U.S. federal income tax purposes) by us in connection with the performance of services should not constitute passive income for PFIC purposes. By contrast, rental income generally could constitute passive income unless we were treated as deriving our rental income in the active conduct of a trade or business under the applicable rules.
Based on our current and projected method of operation we believe that we were not a PFIC for any prior taxable year, and we expect that we will not be treated as a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year. We believe that more than 25% of our gross income for each taxable year was or will be non-passive income, and more than 50% of the average value of our assets for each such year was or will be held for the production of such non-passive income. This belief is based on certain valuations and projections regarding our assets, income and charters, and its validity is conditioned on the accuracy of such valuations and projections. While we believe such valuations and projections to be accurate, the shipping market is volatile and no assurance can be given that our assumptions and conclusions will continue to be accurate at any time in the future.
Moreover, there are legal uncertainties involved in determining whether the income derived from our time-chartering activities constitutes rental income or income derived from the performance of services. In Tidewater Inc. v. United States, 565 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 2009), the Fifth Circuit held that income derived from certain time-chartering activities should be treated as rental income rather than services income for the purposes of a provision of the Code relating to foreign sales corporations. In that case, the Fifth Circuit did not address the definition of passive income or the PFIC rules; however, the reasoning of the case could have implications as to how the income from a time charter could be classified under such rules. If the reasoning of the case were extended to the PFIC context, the gross income we derive from our time-chartering activities may be treated as rental income, and we could likely be treated as a PFIC. In published guidance, the IRS stated that it disagreed with the holding in Tidewater and specified that time charters similar to those at issue in this case should be treated as service contracts.
Distinguishing between arrangements treated as generating rental income and those treated as generating services income involves weighing and balancing competing factual considerations, and there is no legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our specific method of operation. Conclusions in this area therefore remain matters of interpretation. We are not seeking a ruling from the IRS on the treatment of income generated by our time-chartering operations. It is possible that the IRS or a court could disagree with our position. In addition, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year, we cannot assure shareholders that the nature of our operations will not change in the future, notwithstanding our present expectations, and that we will not become a PFIC in any future taxable year.
As discussed more fully below, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year (and regardless of whether we remain a PFIC for subsequent taxable years), a U.S. Holder could be subject to different taxation rules depending on whether the U.S. Holder makes an election to treat us as a “Qualified Electing Fund,” which we refer to as a “QEF election.” As an alternative to making a QEF election, a U.S. Holder should be able to make a “mark-to-market” election with respect to our common stock, as discussed below. If we are a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will be subject to the PFIC rules described herein with respect to any of our subsidiaries that are PFICs. However, the mark-to-market election discussed below likely will not be available with respect to shares of a PFIC subsidiary. In addition, if a U.S. Holder owns our common stock during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file an annual report with the IRS.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Timely QEF Election. A U.S. Holder that makes a timely QEF election, or an “Electing Holder”, must report for U.S. federal income tax purposes its pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain, if any, for our taxable years that end with or within its taxable year, regardless of whether or not the Electing Holder received distributions from us in that year. The Electing Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares of our common stock will be increased to reflect taxed but undistributed earnings and profits. Distributions of earnings and profits that were previously taxed will result in a corresponding reduction in the Electing Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares of common stock and will not be taxed again once distributed. An Electing Holder generally will recognize a capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock. A U.S. Holder makes a QEF election with respect to any year that we are a PFIC by filing IRS Form 8621 with their U.S. federal income tax return. If, contrary to our expectations, we determine that we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, we will provide each U.S. Holder with the information necessary to make the QEF election described above. Although the QEF election is available with respect to subsidiaries, in the event we acquire or own a subsidiary in the future that is treated as a PFIC, no assurances can be made that we will be able to provide U.S. Holders with the necessary information to make the QEF election with respect to such subsidiary.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a “Mark-to-Market” Election. If we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and, as we anticipate, our common stock was treated as “marketable stock,” then, as an alternative to making a QEF election, a U.S. Holder could be allowed to make a mark-to-market election with respect to our common stock, provided the U.S. Holder completes and files IRS Form 8621 in accordance with the relevant instructions and related Treasury Regulations. If that election is made, the U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the U.S. Holder’s shares of common stock at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares of common stock. The U.S. Holder also could be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares over the fair market value thereof at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares of common stock could be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss recognized. A gain recognized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock could be treated as ordinary income, and any loss recognized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common stock could be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included in income by the U.S. Holder. Because the mark-to-market election only applies to marketable stock, it could not apply to a U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any of our subsidiaries that were determined to be PFICs.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Not Making a Timely QEF or Mark-to-Market Election. If we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder who does not make either a QEF election or a “mark-to-market” election for that year, known as a “Non-Electing Holder,” could be subject
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to special rules resulting in increased liability with respect to (i) any excess distribution (i.e., the portion of any distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder on our common stock in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the Non-Electing Holder’s holding period for the shares), and (ii) any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the shares. Under these special rules:
•the excess distribution or gain could be allocated ratably over the Non-Electing Holder’s aggregate holding period for the common stock;
•the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable year prior to the taxable year we were first treated as a PFIC with respect to the Non-Electing Holder could be taxed as ordinary income; and
•the amount allocated to each of the other taxable years could be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for the applicable class of taxpayers for that year, and an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit could be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and a Non-Electing Holder who is an individual, dies while owning our common stock, such holder’s successor generally could not receive a step-up in tax basis with respect to the common stock.
Medicare Tax on Net Investment Income. Certain U.S. Holders, including individuals, estates and trusts, will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of equity interests. For individuals, the additional Medicare tax applies to the lesser of (i) “net investment income” or (ii) the excess of “modified adjusted gross income” over $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly or $125,000 if married and filing separately). “Net investment income” generally equals the taxpayer’s gross investment income reduced by deductions that are allocable to such income. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from their ownership and disposition of our common stock.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders. A beneficial owner of our common stock that is an individual, corporation, estate or trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that is not a U.S. Holder is referred to as a Non-U.S. Holder.
Distributions to Non-U.S. Holders. Distributions we pay to a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax if the Non-U.S. Holder is not engaged in a U.S. trade or business. If the Non-U.S. Holder is engaged in a U.S. trade or business, our distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis to the extent they constitute income effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. trade or business. In addition, the after-tax earnings and profits attributable to effectively connected dividends of a Non-U.S. Holder that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be subject to U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or lower rate pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty), subject to certain adjustments. However, distributions paid to a Non-U.S. Holder that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business may be exempt from taxation under an income tax treaty if the income arising from the distribution is not attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder.
Disposition of Shares. In general, a Non-U.S. Holder is not subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on any gain resulting from the disposition of our common stock provided the Non-U.S. Holder is not engaged in a U.S. trade or business. A Non-U.S. Holder that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis in the event the gain from the disposition of shares is effectively connected with the conduct of such U.S. trade or business (provided, in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder entitled to the benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States, such gain also is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder). In addition, the after-tax earnings and profits attributable to effectively connected dividends of a Non-U.S. Holder that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be subject to U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or lower rate pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty), subject to certain adjustments. However, even if not engaged in a U.S. trade or business, individual Non-U.S. Holders may be subject to tax at a rate of 30% on a gain resulting from the disposition of our common stock if they are present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year in which those shares are disposed and meet certain other requirements.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, payments to a non-corporate U.S. Holder of distributions or the proceeds of a disposition of common stock will be subject to information reporting. These payments to a non-corporate U.S. Holder also may be subject to backup withholding if the non-corporate U.S. Holder:
•fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number;
•is notified by the IRS that he has failed to report all interest or corporate distributions required to be reported on their U.S. federal income tax returns; or
•in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements.
Non-U.S. Holders may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding by certifying their status on IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI, W-8EXP or W-8IMY, as applicable.
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Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, a shareholder generally may obtain a credit for any amount withheld against its liability for U.S. federal income tax (and obtain a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such liability) by timely filing a U.S. federal income tax return with the IRS.
In addition, individual citizens or residents of the United States holding certain “foreign financial assets” (which generally includes stock and other securities issued by a foreign person unless held in an account maintained by certain financial institutions) that exceed certain thresholds (the lowest being holding foreign financial assets with an aggregate value in excess of: (1) $50,000 on the last day of the tax year or (2) $75,000 at any time during the tax year) are required to report information relating to such assets. Significant penalties may apply for failure to satisfy the reporting obligations described above. Our shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations, if any, that could result from their purchase, ownership or disposition of our common stock.
Non-U.S. Tax Considerations
Republic of the Marshall Islands Tax Consequences. The following is applicable to persons who are not citizens of and do not reside in, maintain offices in or carry on business or conduct transactions in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Because we and our subsidiaries do not and assuming we and our subsidiaries continue not to carry on business or conduct transactions in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, under current Republic of the Marshall Islands law you will not be subject to Republic of the Marshall Islands taxation or withholding on dividends we make to you as a shareholder. In addition, you will not be subject to Republic of the Marshall Islands stamp, capital gains or other taxes on the purchase, ownership or disposition of common stock, and you will not be required by the Republic of the Marshall Islands to file a tax return relating to your ownership of common stock.
EACH SHAREHOLDER IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX COUNSEL OR OTHER ADVISOR WITH REGARD TO THE LEGAL AND TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SHARE OWNERSHIP IN ITS PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. FURTHER, IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH SHAREHOLDER TO FILE ALL STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S., AS WELL AS U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX RETURNS, WHICH THE SHAREHOLDER IS REQUIRED TO FILE.
| F. | Dividends and Paying Agents | |||||||
Not Applicable
| G. | Statements by Experts | |||||||
Not applicable.
| H. | Documents on Display | |||||||
Documents concerning us that are referred to herein may be inspected at our principal executive offices at 10 Bressenden Place, London, SW1E 5DH, United Kingdom, and may also be obtained from our website at www.navigatorgas.com. Those documents electronically filed via the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (or EDGAR) system may be obtained from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Information contained on any website referenced in this Annual Report on Form 20-F is not incorporated by reference herein.
| I. | Subsidiary Information | |||||||
Not applicable.
| J. | Annual Report to Security Holders | |||||||
Not applicable.
| Item 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | ||||
Interest Rate Risk. We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes through borrowings that require us to make interest payments based on SOFR. We are party to a fixed-rate unsecured bond and our wholly-owned subsidiaries and certain of our vessel-owning subsidiaries are party to secured term loans and revolving credit facilities that bear interest at rates of SOFR plus margins of between 170 and 247 basis points. At December 31, 2025, $528.3 million of our outstanding debt (including our bond and excluding deferred finance costs) had fixed rates or was hedged using interest rate swaps and therefore is not exposed to changes in interest rate movements, whereas $379.6 million (excluding deferred finance costs) was not hedged and is therefore subject to variable interest rates. Based on this, a hypothetical increase in SOFR of 100 basis points, all other things being equal, could result in $3.8 million of additional annual interest expense on our indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2025.
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We use interest rate swaps to reduce our exposure to changes in interest rates. The principal objective of these contracts is to minimize the risks and costs associated with our floating-rate debt. The Company is exposed to the risk of credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to the interest rate swap agreements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk. Our primary economic environment is the international shipping market. This market utilizes the U.S. Dollar as its functional currency. Consequently, most of our revenue is generated in U.S. Dollars. Our expenses are in the currency invoiced by each supplier, and we remit funds in various currencies. We incur some vessel operating expenses and general and administrative costs in foreign currencies, primarily Euros, Pound Sterling, Danish Kroner, and Polish Zloty, and therefore there is a transactional risk that currency fluctuations could have a negative effect on our cash flows and financial condition. We have not entered into any derivative contracts to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk as of December 31, 2025.
Inflation. We are exposed to increases in operating costs arising from vessel operations, including crewing, vessel repair costs, drydocking costs, insurance and fuel prices as well as from general inflation, and we are subject to fluctuations as a result of general market forces. Increases in bunker costs could have a material effect on our future operations if the number and duration of our voyage charters or contracts of affreightment ("COAs") increase. In the case of the 49 vessels owned and commercially managed by us as of December 31, 2025, 29 were employed on time charter and as such it is the charterers who pay for the fuel on those vessels. If our vessels are employed under voyage charters or COAs, freight rates are generally sensitive to the price of fuel however a sharp rise in bunker prices may have a temporary negative effect on our results as, typically, freight rates do not adjust immediately.
Credit Risk. We may be exposed to credit risks in relation to vessel employment, and at times we may have multiple vessels employed by the same charterer. We consider and evaluate the concentration of credit risk continuously and perform ongoing evaluations of these charterers for credit risk. At December 31, 2025, no more than four of our vessels were employed by the same charterer. We invest our surplus funds with reputable financial institutions, and as of December 31, 2025, all such deposits had maturities of no more than three months.
| Item 12. | Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities | ||||
Not applicable.
PART II
| Item 13. | Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | ||||
Neither Navigator Holdings nor any of its subsidiaries have been subject to a material default in the payment of principal, interest, a sinking fund or purchase fund installment or any other material default or delinquency that was not cured within 30 days.
| Item 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds | ||||
None.
| Item 15. | Controls and Procedures | ||||
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2025, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
In accordance with Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are
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being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Management has performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the provisions of Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based upon the evaluation, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.
Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Accounting Firm
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2025, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, who also audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements for that year. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP audit report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is presented on page F-2.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
| Item 16A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert | ||||
Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Weidinger, Dr. Fischer, Dr. Odedra and Mrs. Marx satisfy the independence standards established by the NYSE and that each qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.
| Item 16B. | Code of Ethics | ||||
We have adopted a Code of Conduct and Business Ethics that applies to all entities controlled by the Company and its employees, directors, officers and agents of the Company. We will provide any person, free of charge, a copy of our Code of Conduct and Business Ethics upon written request to our principal executive office. This document is also available on our website at www.navigatorgas.com.
We intend to provide disclosure of any amendments or waivers to our Code of Conduct and Business Ethics on our website within five business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.
| Item 16C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | ||||
Our principal accountant for 2025 and 2024 was PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
Audit Fees
Audit fees incurred in 2025 and 2024 were $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, relating to aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the Company and its subsidiaries’ annual financial statements. Additional fees of approximately $0.2 million related to the principal accountant’s quarterly reviews were billed in each of 2025 and 2024.
Audit-Related Fees
Audit related fees incurred by the Company for services provided by our principal accountant were $nil in 2025 and 2024.
Tax Fees
There were no tax fees billed or tax services provided by our principal accountant in 2025 and 2024.
All Other Fees
There was approximately $0.5 million billed for other fees in 2025 charged by our principal accountant compared to $0.6 million in 2024.
The Company's Audit and Risk Committee has the authority to pre-approve permissible audit and non-audit services not prohibited by law to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm and any associated fees. Engagements for proposed services either may be separately
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pre-approved by the audit committee or entered into pursuant to detailed pre-approval policies and procedures established by the audit committee, as long as the audit committee is informed on a timely basis of any engagement entered into on that basis. The Audit and Risk Committee separately pre-approved all engagements and fees paid to our principal accountant for all periods in 2025 and 2024.
| Item 16D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees | ||||
Not applicable.
| Item 16E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers | ||||
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Period | Total number of common shares purchased | Average price paid per common share | Total dollar amount purchased as part of all publicly announced plans or programs | Approximate dollar value of common shares that may yet be purchased under such plans or programs | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | (in thousands) | |||||||||||||
| December 2022 | 459,665 | $ | 11.93 | $ | 5,486 | $ | 44,514 | |||||||
| 2022 | 459,665 | 11.93 | 5,486 | 44,514 | ||||||||||
| January 2023 | 636,892 | 12.17 | 7,753 | 36,761 | ||||||||||
| February 2023 | 416,341 | 13.30 | 5,537 | 31,224 | ||||||||||
| March 2023 | 1,109,251 | 13.34 | 14,814 | 16,410 | ||||||||||
| April 2023 | 1,080,681 | 13.92 | 15,079 | 1,331 | ||||||||||
| May 2023 | 107,117 | 13.35 | 1,445 | 24,886 | ||||||||||
| August 2023 | 80,000 | 13.57 | 1,088 | 23,798 | ||||||||||
| September 2023 | 136,933 | 13.99 | 1,919 | 21,879 | ||||||||||
| November 2023 | 13,709 | 14.59 | 200 | 21,679 | ||||||||||
| December 2023 | 62,793 | 14.34 | 902 | 20,777 | ||||||||||
| 2023 | 3,643,717 | 13.38 | 48,737 | 20,777 | ||||||||||
| March 2024 | 52,630 | 15.19 | 801 | 19,976 | ||||||||||
| May 2024 | 116,737 | 17.12 | 2,001 | 17,974 | ||||||||||
| June 2024 | 3,500,000 | 14.52 | 50,821 | — | ||||||||||
| August 2024 | 141,824 | 16.42 | 2,333 | 15,642 | ||||||||||
| November 2024 | 69,166 | 15.86 | 1,099 | 14,543 | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 3,880,357 | 14.70 | 57,055 | 14,543 | ||||||||||
| March 2025 | 136,295 | 14.17 | 1,931 | 12,612 | ||||||||||
| May 2025 | 395,965 | 14.17 | 5,611 | 57,139 | ||||||||||
| June 2025 | 1,894,626 | 14.42 | 27,322 | 29,818 | ||||||||||
| July 2025 | 1,348,867 | 15.15 | 20,432 | 9,386 | ||||||||||
| August 2025 | 129,539 | 16.06 | 2,080 | 7,306 | ||||||||||
| November 2025 | 303,180 | 17.76 | 5,385 | 1,921 | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 4,208,472 | 14.91 | 62,761 | 1,921 | ||||||||||
Total | 12,192,211 | $ | 14.27 | $ | 174,039 | $ | 1,921 | |||||||
85
| Item 16F. | Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant | ||||
Not applicable.
| Item 16G. | Corporate Governance | ||||
Overview
While we are not subject to a number of the NYSE’s corporate governance standards as a foreign private issuer, we intend to comply voluntarily with a number of those rules. For example, we have a board of directors that is comprised of a majority of independent directors. However, pursuant to Section 303.A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, we are required to state any significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the practices required by the NYSE for U.S. companies. The significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards applicable to listed U.S. companies are set forth below.
Nominations and Corporate Governance Committees
The NYSE requires that a listed U.S. company have a nominations committee and a corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and committee charters specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committees. While we are not required under Marshall Islands law and our bylaws to have nomination and corporate governance committees, we have a Governance, People and Compensation Committee however, it is not composed entirely of independent directors, as is required under the NYSE standards applicable to listed U.S. companies. We do not have a corporate governance committee, however the Company does have an Audit and Risk Committee.
Compensation Committee
The NYSE requires that a U.S. company have a Compensation Committee composed of independent directors and a committee charter specifying the purpose. duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. Compensation falls to our Governance, People and Compensation Committee, however, it is not composed entirely of independent directors.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
The NYSE requires listed U.S. companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. The guidelines must address, among other things: director qualification standards, director responsibilities, director access to management and independent advisers, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, management succession and an annual performance evaluation. We are not required to adopt such guidelines under Marshall Islands law or our bylaws and we have not adopted such guidelines.
We believe that our established corporate governance practices satisfy the NYSE listing standards.
86
| Item 16H. | Mine Safety Disclosure | ||||
Not applicable.
| Item 16I. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | ||||
Not applicable.
| Item 16J. | Insider Trading Policies | ||||
Our Insider Trading Policy prohibits all directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors, and other persons associated with the Company who may have access to MNPI from trading in the Company’s securities.
We implement regular blackout periods during which all directors, officers, and employees are prohibited from trading in the Company’s securities. These blackout periods typically commence at the end of each fiscal quarter and last until after the public disclosure of our quarterly and annual financial results.
We provide regular training and educational resources to our employees, officers, and directors to promote understanding of our Insider Trading Policy and to ensure compliance with relevant laws.
The Company's insider trading policy is included as Exhibit 4.17 to this annual report.
| Item 16K. | Cybersecurity | ||||
Oversight of Cybersecurity Matters
The Board of Directors ensures effective governance of risks related to cybersecurity threats. The Audit and Risk Committee oversees these threats and their risk management. The Company's management keeps the Board of Directors and the Audit and Risk Committee periodically informed about emerging threats.
Management of Cybersecurity Matters
The Company has built a layered defense system based on the principles of Detect, Protect, Respond and Recover, which relies on tools, such as antivirus, anti-malware, firewall, endpoint detection and response, identity and access management, web content and spam filtering, multi factor authentication and virtual private networks, and also on experienced personnel.
The Company conducts regular cybersecurity tests to proactively identify and patch weaknesses, and has a backup process with recovery testing, to ensure availability of data. Cybersecurity awareness training is provided to employees to improve cybersecurity knowledge, which is reinforced through simulated phishing attacks to test its effectiveness.
Key members of the Company’s management are appraised of the Company’s latest cybersecurity posture and developments including, but not limited to, new threats, incidents, risks, risk management solutions, tools, training, strategy pivots, and governance changes.
Engagement of Third Parties
87
Material Impact on Company
We continue to use a risk-based approach to identify areas to focus on for improvement of our cyber security and to improve our overall baseline of security to an optimum level.
For a discussion of risks to the Company from cybersecurity threats, see “Item 3D. Risk Factors - We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results;”.
88
PART III
| Item 17. | Financial Statements | ||||
See “Item 18-Financial Statements.”.
| Item 18. | Financial Statements | ||||
The index to the Financial Statements is presented on page F-1.
| Item 19. | Exhibits | ||||
The following exhibits are filed as part of this annual report:
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 1.1 | |||||
| 1.2 | |||||
| 2.1 | |||||
| 2.2 | A description of the rights of each class of securities that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act. | ||||
| 2.3 | |||||
| 2.4 | |||||
| 4.1 | |||||
| 4.2 | |||||
| 4.3 | |||||
| 4.4 | |||||
| 4.5 | |||||
| 4.6 | |||||
| 4.7 | Bond Terms between Navigator Holdings Ltd., as issuer, and Nordic Trustee AS, as bond trustee and security agent, in the bond issue of 7.75% Navigator Holdings Ltd. Senior Unsecured Callable Bonds dated October 28, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-36202), filed on October 29, 2024). | ||||
| 4.8 | |||||
| 4.9 | |||||
89
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 101. INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | ||||
| 101. SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | ||||
| 101. CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Calculation Linkbase | ||||
| 101. DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Definition Linkbase | ||||
| 101. LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Label Linkbase | ||||
| 101. PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Presentation Linkbase | ||||
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Date File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | ||||
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
90
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
| NAVIGATOR HOLDINGS LTD. | ||||||||
| Date: | By: | /s/ Gary Chapman | ||||||
| March 12, 2026 | Name: | Gary Chapman | ||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||
91
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| NAVIGATOR HOLDINGS LTD. | |||||
| AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP - PCAOB ID | F-2 to F-3 | ||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP - PCAOB ID 34) | F-4 | ||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 | F-5 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 | F-6 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 | F-7 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 | F-8 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, and 2025 | F-9 to F-10 | ||||
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | F-11 | ||||
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Navigator Holdings Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, based on our audits and the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, based on our audit, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
We did not audit the financial statements of Enterprise Navigator Ethylene Terminal LLC, a 50% equity investment of the Company, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, which is reflected in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as an equity method investment of $244.5 million and $250.4 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and income from equity investments of $8.0 million, $17.2 million and $20.4 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025. Those statements were audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report thereon has been furnished to us, and our opinion expressed herein, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Enterprise Navigator Ethylene Terminal LLC, is based solely on the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits and the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
F-2
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of vessels and capitalized drydocking costs
As described in Notes 2 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the aggregate carrying value of the Company’s vessels and capitalized drydocking costs as of December 31, 2025 was $1,601.0 million and the depreciation and amortization charge for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $134.2 million. Management reviews the useful economic lives of vessels on a periodic basis. This review involves judgment and assumptions, including an evaluation of historical useful lives, an analysis of costs incurred during drydocking, and an assessment of gains or losses realized on vessels sold in recent years.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of vessels and capitalized drydocking costs is a critical audit matter are: (i) the significant judgment by management in determining whether any events or circumstances existed which would indicate that the useful economic lives applied to the vessels may not be appropriate and (ii) the high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures related to the economic useful life of vessels.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the valuation of vessels, including assessment of useful economic lives. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for determining the useful economic lives; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the methodology; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used by management in their assessment; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumption related to the economic useful lives. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to the useful economic lives involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) industry trends, (ii) historical drydocking costs and timing of drydock compared to management’s schedule and (iii) the profit or losses realized through vessels sold recently and therefore whether there is an indication that the useful economic lives applied to vessels may not be appropriate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
March 12, 2026
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.
F-3
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Managing Member of Enterprise Navigator Ethylene Terminal LLC
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the balance sheets of Enterprise Navigator Ethylene Terminal LLC (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related statements of operations, cash flows, and members' equity, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements") (not presented herein). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the Managing Member and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Houston, Texas
March 12, 2026
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
F-4
Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
Assets | (in thousands, except share data) | |||||||
Current assets | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
Accrued income | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
Bunkers and other inventory | ||||||||
Insurance receivable | ||||||||
Amounts due from related parties | ||||||||
Total current assets | ||||||||
Non-current assets | ||||||||
Vessels, net | ||||||||
| Vessels under construction | ||||||||
| Asset held for sale | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization | ||||||||
Equity method investments | ||||||||
Derivative assets | ||||||||
Right-of-use asset | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | ||||||||
Total non-current assets | ||||||||
Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
Current portion of secured term loan facilities, net of deferred financing costs | $ | $ | ||||||
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
Accounts payable | ||||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ||||||||
Accrued interest | ||||||||
Deferred income | ||||||||
| Derivative liability | ||||||||
Total current liabilities | ||||||||
Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
Secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities, net of current portion and deferred financing costs | ||||||||
Senior unsecured bond, net of deferred financing costs | ||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Deferred income | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
Total non-current liabilities | ||||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies - Note 15 | ||||||||
Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
Common stock—$ | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ||||||
Retained earnings | ||||||||
Total Navigator Holdings Ltd. Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
Non-controlling interest | ||||||||
Total equity | ||||||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2023 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
Revenue | |||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Operating revenues – Unigas Pool | |||||||||||
| Operating revenues – Luna Pool collaborative arrangements | |||||||||||
Total operating revenues | |||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||
| Brokerage commission | |||||||||||
| Voyage expenses | |||||||||||
| Voyage expenses – Luna Pool collaborative arrangements | |||||||||||
| Vessel operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| General and administrative costs | |||||||||||
| Profit from sale of vessels | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total net operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Operating Income | |||||||||||
| Other Income/(Expenses) | |||||||||||
| Realized loss on non-designated derivative instruments | ( | ||||||||||
Unrealized loss on non-designated derivative instruments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||
| Write off of deferred financing costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Unrealized foreign exchange gain/(loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Loss on repayment of senior and unsecured bonds | ( | ||||||||||
Net Other income | |||||||||||
Income before taxes and share of result of equity method investments | |||||||||||
| Income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Share of result of equity method investments | |||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net Income attributable to stockholders of Navigator Holdings Ltd. | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Diluted: | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding in the period: | |||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||
| Diluted: | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Year ended December 31, 2023 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Other Comprehensive Income: | |||||||||||
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss) | ( | ||||||||||
Total Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||
Total Comprehensive Income attributable to: | |||||||||||
| Stockholders of Navigator Holdings Ltd. | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | |||||||||||
Total Comprehensive Income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
| Common stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of shares | Amount at $ par value | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Retained Earnings | Non-controlling interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except share data and par values) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Restricted shares issued March 15, 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Investment by non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | ( | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation plan | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted shares issued | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrestricted shares issued | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Dividend declared | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | ( | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation plan | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| De-consolidation of Variable Interest Entity | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted shares issued | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrestricted shares issued | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend paid | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | ( | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation plan | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Investment by non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of non-controlling interest | — | — | (3,200) | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8
Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2023 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
Unrealized loss on non-designated derivative instruments | |||||||||||
| Realized loss on non-designated derivative instruments | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from derivative settlements | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Payment of drydocking costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Profit from sale of vessel | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs | |||||||||||
| Share of results of equity method investments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Deferred taxes | |||||||||||
| Repayments under operating lease obligations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Gain on the consolidation of VIE | ( | ||||||||||
Net Other Income | ( | ||||||||||
Other unrealized foreign exchange (gain)/loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Insurance claim receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Bunkers and lubricant oils | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Accrued income, prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued interest, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Amount due to/from related parties | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Additions to vessels and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Additions to vessels under construction | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Contributions to equity method investments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Distributions from equity method investments | |||||||||||
| Investment in preferred securities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchase of other property, plant and equipment and intangibles | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Net proceeds from sale of vessels | |||||||||||
Proceeds from Government Grant | |||||||||||
| Insurance recoveries | |||||||||||
F-9
Year ended December 31, 2023 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities | |||||||||||
| Direct financing cost of secured term loan and revolving credit facilities and unsecured bonds | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Repurchase of share capital | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| (Purchase)/proceeds of unsecured bonds | ( | ||||||||||
| Repayment of secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Repayment of refinancing of vessel to related parties | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash received from non-controlling interest | |||||||||||
| Purchase of non-controlling interest | ( | ||||||||||
| Dividend paid to non-controlling interest | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Dividends paid | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Supplemental Information | |||||||||||
| Total interest paid during the year, net of amounts capitalized | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Total tax paid during the year | |||||||||||
(Purchase)/proceeds of | ( | ||||||||||
Repayment of | ( | ||||||||||
Redemption costs of the | ( | ||||||||||
Issuance of | |||||||||||
Issuance cost of | ( | ||||||||||
| (Purchase)/proceeds of unsecured bonds | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-10
Navigator Holdings Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended December 31, 2025
1. Description of the Business
Navigator Holdings Ltd. (the “Company”), the ultimate parent company of the Navigator Group of companies, is registered in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The Company has a core business of owning and operating a fleet of liquefied gas carriers. As of December 31, 2025, the Company owned and operated 57 gas carriers (the “Vessels”) each having a cargo capacity of between 3,770 cbm and 38,000 cbm, of which 26 were ethylene and ethane-capable vessels.
Our Ethylene Export Terminal, owned by the Export Terminal Joint Venture, includes an ethylene cryogenic storage tank with a capacity of 30,000 tons, and has the capacity to export approximately 1.55 million tons of ethylene per year and load ethylene-capable gas carriers at rates of 1,000 tons per hour.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Management has evaluated the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and considered the conditions and events that could raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months after these financial statements are issued. As part of the assessment, management has included consideration of the following;
•our current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, financial covenants, and forecasted future cash flows;
•the severity and duration of any world events and armed conflicts, and associated repercussions to supply and demand for oil and gas and the economy generally as well as possible effects of trade disruptions;
•environmental regulations such as those affecting vessels' Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (“EEXI”); and
•the total capital contributions required for our six newbuild vessels.
As of December 31, 2025, our total current assets exceeded our total current liabilities by approximately $44.5 million.
Management has determined that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”) for which the Company is a primary beneficiary and which are also consolidated (See Note 10. Variable Interest Entities to our consolidated financial statements). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
We operate the Ethylene Export Terminal through our 50 /50 Export Terminal Joint Venture. Our joint venture partner is the sole managing member of the Export Terminal Joint Venture and it is also the operator of the Ethylene Export Terminal. The Export Terminal Joint Venture is organized as a limited liability company and maintains separate ownership accounts. Consequently, we account for our investment using the equity method as our ownership interest is 50 % and we exercise joint control over the investee’s operating and financial policies. We disclose our proportionate share of profits and losses from equity method unconsolidated affiliates in the statement of operations and adjust the carrying amount of our equity method investments on the balance sheet accordingly. The carrying amount is recognized initially at cost, which includes interest capitalized from the terminal loan facility utilized during the construction phase. The capitalized interest will be amortized over the useful life of the terminal. After initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements will include the Company’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income (“OCI”) of equity-accounted investees, until the date on which joint control ceases.
We own a 50 % share in Dan Unity CO2 A/S (“Dan Unity”). Dan-Unity is a 50 /50 joint venture involving one of our subsidiaries, and the joint venture partners, who combine their financial capacities, expertise in, and experience with designing and potentially constructing specialized CO2 gas carriers and would handle all activities of seaborne CO2 transportation. Dan Unity is accounted for as an investment using the equity method in accordance with the guidance within ASC 810 – Consolidation, and ASC 323 – Equity Method and Joint Ventures.
Unigas International B.V. (“Unigas”), based in the Netherlands, is an independent commercial and operational manager of seagoing vessels capable of carrying liquefied petrochemical and petroleum gases on a worldwide basis. We own a 33.33 % share in Unigas. Unigas independently operates the Unigas Pool which was founded in 1969, with three pool members, Schulte Group, Sloman Neptun and Navigator Gas Denmark ApS (the “Pool Members”, or, a “Pool Member”) and where each Pool Member contributes vessels to operate within the Unigas Pool.
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The Unigas Pool is not a legal entity, and operations are governed by an agreement between the Pool Members. Vessel earnings are pooled and then distributed to the Pool Members, using a pool-based formula according to the Unigas Pool Agreement.The Company’s investment in Unigas B.V is accounted for as an investment using the equity method in accordance with the guidance within ASC 810 – Consolidation, and ASC 323 – Equity Method and Joint Ventures, whereas revenues and expenses within the Unigas Pool are accounted for in accordance with ASC 842 – Leases.
(b) Vessels
Vessels are stated at cost, which includes the cost of construction, capitalized interest and other direct costs attributable to construction. The cost of the vessels (excluding the estimated initial drydocking cost) less their estimated residual value is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the vessel’s estimated useful life. The estimated useful life of the Company’s vessels is 25 years from the date of original construction.
(c) Vessels Held for Sale
(d) Valuation of Vessels
Our vessels and capitalized drydocking costs are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the vessel and capitalized drydocking costs may not be recoverable. When such indicators are present, a vessel and the capitalized drydocking costs are tested for recoverability by comparing the future cash flows (undiscounted and excluding interest charges that will be recognized as an expense when incurred) expected to be generated by the vessel together with the capitalized drydocking costs over their estimated remaining useful life to its carrying value. If we determine that a vessel’s undiscounted cash flows are less than its carrying value, we record an impairment loss equal to the amount by which its carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined using a discounted cashflow model. Should an impairment be recordered, the new lower cost basis would result in lower annual depreciation than before the impairment. At December 31, 2025, the estimated useful lives of the vessels remained unchanged at 25 years, and none of the vessels exhibited indicators of impairment.
We periodically review the useful economic lives of our vessels to ensure they remain appropriate. This review involves judgment and assumptions, including an evaluation of historical useful lives, an analysis of costs incurred during drydocking, and an assessment of gains or losses realized on vessels sold in recent years.
(e) Impairment of Equity Method Investments
(f) Drydocking Costs
Depending on age, each vessel is required to be drydocked approximately every two and a half year or five years for classification society surveys and inspections of, among other things, the underwater parts of the vessel. These works include, but are not limited to hull coatings, seawater valves, steelworks and piping works, propeller servicing and anchor chain winch calibrations, all of which cannot be performed while the vessels are operating. The Company capitalizes costs associated with the drydocking in accordance with ASC 360 – Property, Plant and Equipment, and amortized these costs on a straight-line basis over the period to the next expected drydock. Amortization of drydocking costs is included in depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Costs incurred during the drydocking which relate to routine repairs and maintenance are expensed. Where a vessel is newly acquired, or constructed, a proportion of the cost of the vessel is allocated to the components expected to be replaced at the next drydock based on experience and past history of similar vessels. Drydocking costs are included within operating activities on the cashflow statement.
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(g) Intangible Assets
(h) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The Company considers highly liquid investments, such as time deposits and certificates of deposit with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased, to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024 and for the years then ended, the Company had balances in U.S. financial institutions in excess of the amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Company also maintains cash balances in foreign financial institutions outside of the U.S. which are not covered by the FDIC.
(i) Accounts Receivable, Net
(j) Bunkers and Lubricant Oils
(k) Deferred Finance Costs
(l) Deferred Income
(m) Accruals and Other Liabilities
(n) Revenue Recognition
The Company receives its revenue streams from three different sources; voyage or ‘spot’ charters, contracts of affreightment (“COA”), and time charters.
Voyage charter and COA arrangements
In the case of vessels contracted under voyage charters, the vessel is contracted for a voyage, or a series of voyages, between two or more ports and the Company is paid for the cargo transported. Revenue from COAs is recognized on the same basis as revenue from voyage charters, as they are essentially a series of consecutive voyage charters. Payment from voyage charters and COAs is due upon discharge of the cargo at the discharge port. We recognize
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revenue on a load port to discharge port basis and determine percentage of completion for all voyage charters and COAs on a time elapsed basis. The Company believes that the performance obligation towards the customer starts to become satisfied once the cargo is loaded at the load port and the obligation becomes completely satisfied once the cargo has been discharged at the discharge port.
Under this revenue recognition standard, the Company may incur certain costs following the commencement of a contract or charter party but before the loading of the cargo commences. These directly related costs are generally fuel or any canal or port costs incurred to get the vessel from its position at the inception of the contract to the load port to commence loading of the cargo. These costs are deferred and amortized over the duration of the performance obligation on a time basis. Voyage charters and COAs typically have an expected duration of one year or less.
Time charter arrangements
(o) Other Comprehensive Income
(p) Voyage Expenses and Vessel Operating Expenses
Voyage expenses consist mainly of in-port expenses, canal fees and bunker (fuel) consumption and are recognized as incurred during the performance obligation (the period of time from load to discharge) of the vessel. Vessel operating expenses are expenses related to the operation of the vessels, such as crew costs, stores, insurance, and repairs and maintenance, and these are recognized as incurred.
When the Company employs its vessels on time charter, it is responsible for the vessel operating expenses while the customer is responsible for substantially all of the voyage expenses. When the Company employs its vessels on spot or voyage charters, the vessel is contracted only for a voyage between two or more ports, and the Company pays for all voyage expenses in addition to vessel operating expenses.
The Company also incurs certain voyage expenses to fulfill a contract with a charterer which are incurred following the commencement of a contract or charter party but before the loading of the cargo commences. These directly related expenses are generally fuel or any canal or port costs to get the vessel from its position at inception of the contract to the load port to commence loading of the cargo. These expenses are deferred and amortized over the duration of the performance obligation on a time basis.
(q) Repairs and Maintenance
(r) Insurance
The Company maintains hull and machinery insurance, war risk insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, increased value insurance, and demurrage and defense insurance in amounts considered prudent to cover normal risks in the ordinary course of its operations. Premiums paid in advance to insurance companies are recognized as prepaid expenses and recorded as a vessel operating expense over the period covered by the insurance contract. In addition, the Company maintains Directors and Officers insurance.
F-14
(s) Share-Based Compensation
(t) Use of Accounting Estimates
(u) Foreign Currency Transactions
(v) Derivative Instruments
(w) Income Taxes
Current taxation
Navigator Holdings Ltd. and its Marshall Islands subsidiaries are not required to pay income taxes in the Marshall Islands on ordinary income or capital gains as they qualify as exempt companies.
The Company has wholly owned subsidiaries incorporated in the United Kingdom where the base tax rate is 25%. These subsidiaries provide services to affiliated entities within the group.
The Company has a subsidiary in Poland where the base tax rate is 19%. The subsidiary earns management fees from fellow subsidiary companies.
The Company has a subsidiary incorporated in Singapore where the base tax rate is 17%. The subsidiary earns management and other fees and receives interest from a VIE, PT Navigator Khatulistiwa (“PTNK”). PTNK is subject to Indonesian freight tax on all of its gross shipping transportation revenue at a rate of 1.2% when vessels perform Indonesian cabotage, and 2.64% when vessels perform an international voyage.
The Company has a subsidiary in the United States of America where the base tax rate is 21%. The subsidiary owns a 50 % interest in the Export Terminal Joint Venture, a pass through entity for U.S. tax purposes, with the subsidiary liable for its share of the profits of the Ethylene Export Terminal.
The Company considered the income tax disclosure requirements of ASC 740 – Income Taxes, with regard to disclosing material unrecognized tax benefits; none were identified. The Company’s policy is to recognize accrued interest and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no
Deferred taxation
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributed to differences between the financial statements and tax basis of existing assets and liabilities using enacted rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Deferred income tax balances included on the consolidated balance sheet reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred income tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in future years. The recoverability of these future tax
F-15
(x) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per common share (“Basic EPS”) is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding in any period. Diluted earnings per common share (“Diluted EPS”) is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents then outstanding in any period.
(y) Related parties
(z) Segment Reporting
The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM principally evaluates the performance of each vessel and all our vessels as a whole and not on the basis of separate business units, geographical area, or the location of activities. As a result, the Company has determined that it operates as one two different revenue streams due to the nature of the contracts that we operate. The Company considers that its equity method investments do not meet the criteria in ASC 280 to be separate reportable segments.
(aa) European Union Allowances (EUAs)
The Company participates in the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and holds European Union Allowances (EUAs) for compliance purposes. EUAs that are acquired are recorded as inventory in accordance with ASC 330 – Inventory and are initially recognized at cost upon acquisition. EUAs held for compliance purposes are classified as inventory until they are surrendered to regulatory authorities. EUAs are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value (NRV) and are not revalued.
(ab) Government Grant
The Company may receive government grants that are specifically intended to fund the construction, acquisition, or improvement of vessels or other long-lived assets. The Company applies U.S. GAAP by analogy with IAS 20 to existing guidance for for-profit entities, including ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, and relevant concepts from ASC 958-605, Revenue Recognition by Not-for-Profit Entities.
Government grants that are directly related to the construction or acquisition of a specific vessel or other long-lived asset are recorded as deferred income when the Company concludes (i) the grant proceeds have been received or are receivable, (ii) the Company is reasonably assured that it will comply with the conditions attached to the grant, and (iii) the grant is not repayable. The deferred income will be amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life in accordance with the Company’s depreciation policies. If the Company determines that the conditions of the grant are not reasonably assured, the grant is recorded as a liability until the conditions are met or uncertainty is resolved. If the Company becomes aware that a grant may be refundable, the Company recognizes a liability in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies.
(ac) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following accounting standards issued as of December 31, 2025 may affect the future financial reporting by Navigator Holdings Ltd., however none of these new accounting pronouncements are expected to have a material impact on the financial reporting by the Company.
In September 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. Given the magnitude of changes to the tabular reconciliation as compared to the existing requirements, Public entities ("PBEs") will need to consider how they will adopt the standard. Whether it is applied prospectively or retrospectively, the adoption of the ASU will necessitate consideration of the reporting entity’s processes, systems, and controls around disclosures. The foreign tax effects category in particular expands significantly on existing disclosure for most reporting entities. For Public entities, ASU 2023-09 was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and the Company adopted ASU 2023-09 in the current year on a retrospectively basis.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This guidance requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosure of certain amounts included in the expense captions presented on the face of the Statement of Operations as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis, with the option for retrospective application, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of
F-16
assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its disclosures, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, which provides additional guidance on the accounting for induced conversions of convertible debt instruments, including clarifying when induced conversion or debt extinguishment accounting should be applied. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. Early adoption is permitted for entities that have adopted ASU 2020-06. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, which clarifies the effective date of ASU 2024-03 to confirm that all public business entities are required to initially adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and in interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The ASU does not change the underlying disclosure requirements of ASU 2024-03. Early adoption of ASU2024-03 remains permitted. The issuance of this ASU does not change the Company’s current adoption plans.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, which clarifies the guidance for determining the accounting acquirer in certain business combinations involving the acquisition of a variable interest entity, particularly when the transaction is effected primarily through the exchange of equity interests. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04. The ASU clarifies existing guidance in ASC 606 and ASC 718 for share-based payment awards granted as consideration payable to a customer in conjunction with the sale of goods or services, with the objective of reducing diversity in practice and improving operability. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05 to provide a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is evaluating the expected impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, which introduces targeted improvements to the accounting for internal-use software by eliminating the project-stage model and updating capitalization criteria and disclosures. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and are to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In September 2025 FASB issued ASU 2025-07. The ASU refines the scope of the guidance on derivatives in ASC 815 to expand an existing scope exception for certain non-exchange-traded contracts. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, which introduces a new accounting model for the initial allowance for credit losses on certain purchased seasoned loans. Under the new guidance, the initial allowance for credit losses is recorded as an adjustment to the amortized cost basis rather than through earnings. The amendments are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and are to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, which establishes new guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of government grants received by business entities. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, which improves the structure and navigability of interim reporting guidance and clarifies disclosure requirements without changing the fundamental nature of interim reporting. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-12, which includes technical corrections and clarifications intended to improve the consistency and clarity of the Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption, however, no material impact on our consolidated financial position is expected.
F-17
3. Derivative Instruments Accounted for at Fair Value
Interest Rate risk
The Company has a number of existing vessel loan facilities with associated amortizing fixed interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2025, the interest rate swaps had a net negative fair value to the Company of $0.8 million (December 31, 2024, a positive fair value to the Company of $7.2 million).There were unrealized losses of $4.7 million on the fair value of the swaps for the year ended December 31, 2025 (year ended December 31, 2024, an unrealized loss of $7.5 million).
The Company repaid existing vessel loan facilities during the year ended December 31, 2025, and as a result the Company cash settled interest rate swap agreements linked to these loans and realized a loss of $1.2 million (year ended December 31, 2024, $nil ).
These fixed interest rate swaps are typically entered into with the financial institutions that are also lenders under our loan facilities. The interest rates payable by the Company under these interest rate swap agreements is 3.93 % and 5.75 %. The interest rates receivable by the Company under these interest rate swap agreements is typically 3-month SOFR, calculated on a 360-day year basis and which resets every three months .
All interest rate swaps are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date and have been categorized as Level Two on the fair value measurement hierarchy. The remeasurement to fair value has no impact on cash flows at the reporting date. There is no requirement for cash collateral to be placed with the swap providers under these swap agreements and there is no effect on restricted cash as of December 31, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, we held the following interest rate swaps that partially hedge our variable-rate loan facilities:
| Facility | Hedged notional amount | Fixed rate | Variable rate | ||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
October 2013 DB Credit Facility A | Comp SOFR | ||||||||||
July 2015 DB Credit Facility B | Comp SOFR | ||||||||||
July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B | Comp SOFR | ||||||||||
March 2023 Secured Term Loan | Comp SOFR | ||||||||||
| August 2024 Secured Term Loan and RCF | Term SOFR | ||||||||||
| May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and RCF | Comp SOFR | ||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||
On June 24, 2025 the Company entered into interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk on approximately 79 % of the outstanding Term Loan portion of our May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and RCF. On August 5, 2025 the Company entered into interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk on approximately 75 % of the outstanding Term Loan portion of our March 2023 Secured Term Loan facility. On August 13, 2025 the Company entered into interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk on approximately 100 % of the outstanding Term Loan portion of our August 2024 Secured Term Loan and RCF.
The following table includes the estimated fair value of those assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
Fair Value Hierarchy | Fair Value Asset/(Liability) | Fair Value Asset/(Liability) | |||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements Assets | Level 2 | $ | $ | ||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements Liability | Level 2 | ( | |||||||||
| $ | $ | ( | |||||||||
The Company uses derivative instruments in accordance with its overall risk management policy to mitigate the risk of unfavorable movements in interest rates.
The Company held no derivatives designated as hedges as of December 31, 2025, or December 31, 2024.
Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants could use in pricing an asset or a liability. The fair value accounting standard establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
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Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate risk
All foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are revalued and reported in the Company’s functional currency based on the prevailing exchange rate at the end of the period. These foreign currency transactions fluctuate based on the strength of the U.S. Dollar. The remeasurement of all foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities at each reporting date results in unrealized foreign currency exchange differences which do not impact our cash flows.
Credit risk
The Company is exposed to credit losses in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to its interest rate swap agreements. As of December 31, 2025, the Company is exposed to credit risk where interest rate swaps are in an asset position from the perspective of the Company. In order to minimize counterparty risk, the Company only enters into derivative transactions with counterparties that are reputable financial institutions, highly rated by a recognized rating agency.
The fair value of our interest rate swap agreements is the estimated amount that we could pay/receive to sell or transfer the swap at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates and the current creditworthiness of the swap counterparties. The estimated amount is the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for credit risk. The amount recorded as a derivative asset or liability could vary by a material amount in the near term if credit markets are volatile or if credit risk were to change significantly.
The fair value of our interest rate swap agreements at the end of each period is most significantly affected by the U.S. Dollar interest rate forward curve, including its relative steepness. Interest rates and foreign exchange rates may experience significant volatility in both the short and long term. While the fair value of our swap agreements is typically more sensitive to changes in short-term rates, significant changes in long-term benchmark interest, foreign exchange rates and the credit risk of the counterparties of the Company may also materially impact the fair values of our swap agreements.
4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The principal financial assets of the Company as of December 31, 2025, and 2024 consist of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and accounts receivable. The principal financial liabilities of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consist of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, secured term loan facilities, revolving credit facilities and the 2024 Bonds.
The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to the short-term nature or liquidity of these financial instruments.
Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants could use in pricing an asset or a liability. The fair value accounting standard establishes a three tier fair value hierarchy the (Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3) fair value hierarchy described in Note 3. Derivative Instruments Accounted for at Fair Value, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
The 2024 Bonds are classified as a Level 2 liability and the fair values have been calculated based on the most recent over the counter ("OTC") trades of the bond prior to December 31, 2025. These trades are infrequent and therefore not considered to be an active market.
The fair value of secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities is estimated to approximate the carrying value in the balance sheet since they bear a variable interest rate, which is reset every quarter. This has been categorized at Level 2 on the fair value measurement hierarchy as at December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The following table includes the estimated fair value and carrying value of those assets and liabilities where the fair value may not approximate the carrying value. The table excludes cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities because the fair value approximates carrying value and, for accounts receivable and payable, are due in one year or less.
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| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Hierarchy | Carrying Amount (Liability) | Fair Value (Liability) | Fair Value Hierarchy | Carrying Amount (Liability) | Fair Value (Liability) | |||||||||||||||
2024 Bonds (Note 12) | Level 2 | $ | ( | $ | ( | Level 2 | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||
Secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities (Note 11) | Level 2 | $ | ( | $ | ( | Level 2 | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||
5. Operating Revenues
The following table compares our operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 , 2024 and 2023:
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Operating revenues: | |||||||||||
| Time charters | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Voyage charters | |||||||||||
| Voyage charters from Luna Pool collaborative arrangements | |||||||||||
| Operating revenues from Unigas Pool | |||||||||||
| Total operating revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Time Charter revenues
As of December 31, 2025, 29 of the Company’s 49 operated vessels, (excluding the eight vessels operating within the independently managed Unigas Pool) were subject to time charters, 19 of which will expire within one year, seven of which will expire within three years, and three of which will expire within five years from the balance sheet date (as of December 31, 2024: 32 of the Company’s 47 operated vessels were subject to time charters, 23 of which were due to expire within one year, and nine within three years). As of December 31, 2025, the estimated undiscounted cash flows for committed time charter revenue expected to be received on an annual basis for ongoing time charters, as of each December 31, is as follows:
| (in thousands) | |||||
| 2026 | $ | ||||
| 2027 | $ | ||||
| 2028 | $ | ||||
| 2029 | $ | ||||
For time charter revenues accounted for under Topic 842, the amount of accrued income on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025, was $1.5 million (December 31, 2024: $0.7 million). The amount of hire payments received in advance under time charter contracts, recognized as a liability and reflected within deferred income on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2025, was $27.2 million (December 31, 2024: $24.5 million). Deferred income allocated to time charters will be recognized ratably over time, which is expected to be within one month from December 31, 2025.
Voyage Charter revenues
Voyage charter revenues, which include revenues from contracts of affreightment, are shown net of address commissions.
As of December 31, 2025, for voyage charters and contracts of affreightment, services accounted for under Topic 606, the amount of contract assets reflected within accrued income on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet was $3.2 million (December 31, 2024: $5.1 million). Changes in the contract asset balance at the balance sheet dates reflect income accrued after loading of the cargo commences but before an invoice has been raised to the charterer, as well as changes in the number of the Company’s vessels contracted under voyage charters or contracts of affreightment The opening and closing balance of receivables from voyage charters and contracts of affreightment combined was $19.5 million and $14.1 million respectively as of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $18.3 million and $19.5 million respectively) and these amounts are reflected within accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheet.
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The amount allocated to costs incurred to fulfill a contract with a charterer, which are costs incurred following the commencement of a contract or charter party but before the loading of the cargo commences was $0.9 million as of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $2.5 million) and is reflected within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
Voyage and Time charter revenues from Luna Pool collaborative arrangements:
6. Vessels
| Vessel | Drydocking | Total | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Cost | |||||||||||
| January 1, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Additions | |||||||||||
| Write-offs of fully amortized assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Vessel additions on acquisition | |||||||||||
| Additions | |||||||||||
| Transfer to assets held for sale | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Write-offs of fully amortized assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization | |||||||||||
| January 1, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Charge for the period | |||||||||||
| Write-offs of fully amortized assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Charge for the period | |||||||||||
| Transfer to assets held for sale | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Write-offs of fully amortized assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Net Book Value | |||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
The cost and net book value of the 29 vessels that were contracted under time charter agreements was $1,539 million and $974 million, respectively, as at December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $1,676 million and $1,084 million, respectively, for 32 vessels contracted under time charters).
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The net book value of vessels that serve as collateral for the Company’s secured term loan and revolving credit facilities (see "Note 11. Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities" to the consolidated financial statements) was $1,430 million as of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $1,382 million).
On January 7, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire three German-built 17,000 cubic meter capacity, ethylene-capable liquefied gas vessels (the "Purchased Vessels"). On February 19, 2025, the Company acquired the first of the three Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Hyperion for $27.4 million. On February 24, 2025, the Company acquired the second of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Titan for $27.4 million. On March 17, 2025 the Company acquired the third of the Purchased Vessels, now renamed Navigator Vesta, for $29.2 million.
On May 13, 2025, the Company sold and delivered Navigator Venus, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize vessel to a third party for net proceeds of $17.5 million and recognized a profit on sale of $12.6 million.
On September 08, 2025, the Company sold and delivered Navigator Gemini, a 2009-built 20,750 cbm semi-refrigerated handysize vessel to a third party for net proceeds of $30.3 million and recognized a profit on sale of $12.6 million.
The Navigator Saturn, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize gas carrier was held for sale at December 31, 2025, and was subsequently sold and delivered on January 28, 2026.
The Happy Falcon, a 2002-built 3,770 cbm semi-refrigerated small gas carrier was held for sale at December 31, 2025 and was subsequently sold and delivered on January 28, 2026.
7. Vessels Under Construction
| 2024 | 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
Vessels under construction at January 1 | $ | $ | ||||||
Capitalized interest | ||||||||
| Additions to vessels under construction | ||||||||
Vessels under construction at December 31 | $ | $ | ||||||
On August 20, 2024 the Company entered into contracts to build two new 48,500 cubic meter capacity liquefied ethylene gas carriers with Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co., Ltd. and China Shipbuilding Trading Co., Ltd., in China (the “Original Two Newbuild Vessels”). On November 21, 2024, the Company exercised an option and entered into contracts to build two additional newbuild vessels of the same specification and price (the “Additional Two Newbuild Vessels” and together with the Original Two Newbuild Vessels, the “Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels”). The Four Ethylene Newbuild Vessels and the Additional Two Newbuild Vessels, (Navigator Polaris, Navigator Proxima, Navigator Parsec, and Navigator Pleione), are scheduled to be delivered to the Company in March 2027, July 2027, November 2027 and January 2028 respectively, at an average shipyard price of $102.9 million per vessel.
On July 17, 2025, the Company announced that the Amon Joint Venture intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic meter capacity ammonia fueled liquefied ammonia carriers (the “Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels" (Navigator Amundsen and Navigator Archer)), which will also be capable of carrying liquefied petroleum gas. The Amon Joint Venture has entered into contracts with Nantong CIMC Sinopacific Offshore & Engineering Co., Ltd. to build the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, with deliveries scheduled to take place in June and October 2028 respectively, at an average yard price of $87 million per vessel.
8. Assets Held for Sale
| 2024 | 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
As of January 1 | $ | $ | ||||||
| Reclassification from Vessels | ||||||||
Total assets held for sale December 31 | $ | $ | ||||||
The Navigator Saturn, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize gas carrier was held for sale at December 31, 2025, and was subsequently sold and delivered on January 28, 2026.
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The Happy Falcon, a 2002-built 3,770 cbm semi-refrigerated small gas carrier was held for sale at December 31, 2025 and was subsequently sold and delivered on January 28, 2026.
9. Equity Method Investments
Interests in investments are accounted for using the equity method and are recognized initially at cost and subsequently include the Company’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the equity-accounted investees. We disclose our proportionate share of profits and losses from equity method unconsolidated affiliates in the statement of operations and adjust the carrying amount of our equity method investments on the balance sheet accordingly.
Share of results from equity method investments, excluding amortized costs, recognized in the share of results of equity method investments for the year ended December 31, 2025, was a profit of $8.0 million (the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: a profit of $16.9 million and a profit of $20.6 million respectively).
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
Enterprise Navigator Ethylene Terminal L.L.C. ("Export Terminal Joint Venture") | % | % | ||||||
Unigas International B.V. ("Unigas") | % | % | ||||||
Dan Unity CO2 A/S ("Dan Unity") | % | % | ||||||
Luna Pool Agency Limited ("Luna Pool Agency") | % | % | ||||||
| Azane Fuel Solutions AS ("Azane") | % | % | ||||||
| Bluestreak CO2 Limited ("Bluestreak") | % | % | ||||||
The table below shows the movement in the Company’s equity method investments, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
Equity method investments at January 1 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Equity contributions to joint venture entity | |||||||||||
| Equity method investments – additions | |||||||||||
| Share of results | |||||||||||
| Distributions received from equity method investments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Total equity method investments at December 31 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Export Terminal Joint Venture
As of December 31, 2025, the Company's life-to-date contributions to the Export Terminal Joint Venture total $274.5 million (December 31, 2024: $270.5 million), being our total share of the capital cost for the construction of the Ethylene Export Terminal and the Terminal Expansion Project. The Ethylene Export Terminal began commercial operations in December 2019 and the Terminal Expansion Project was completed in December 2024.
As of December 31, 2025 the capitalized interest and associated costs are being amortized over the estimated useful life of the Ethylene Export Terminal, which began commercial operations with the export of commissioning cargoes in December 2019. As of December 31, 2025 the unamortized difference between the carrying amount of the investment in the Export Terminal Joint Venture and the amount of the Company’s underlying equity in net assets of the Export Terminal Joint Venture was $4.9 million (December 31, 2024: $5.2 million). The costs amortized was $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, ($0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024) and this is presented in the share of results of the equity method investments within our consolidated statements of operations.
Unigas International B.V.
Unigas International B.V. (“Unigas”), based in the Netherlands, is an independent commercial and operational manager of seagoing vessels capable of carrying liquefied petrochemical and petroleum gases on a worldwide basis. We own a 33.3 % share in Unigas. Unigas independently operates the Unigas Pool which was founded in 1969, with three pool members, Schulte Group, Sloman Neptun and Navigator Gas Denmark ApS (the “Pool Members”, or, a “Pool Member”) and where each Pool Member contributes vessels to operate within the Unigas Pool.
The Unigas Pool is not a legal entity, and operations are governed by an agreement between the Pool Members. Vessel earnings are pooled and then distributed to the Pool Members, using a pool-based formula according to the Unigas Pool Agreement.
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Dan Unity CO2 A/S ("Dan Unity")
In June 2021, one of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a shareholder agreement creating the joint venture Dan Unity, a Danish entity, to undertake commercial and technical projects relating to seaborne transportation of CO2.
We account for our investment using the equity method and we exercise joint control over the operating and financial policies of Dan Unity. As of December 31, 2025, we have recognized the Company’s initial investment at cost along with the Company’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of equity accounted investees.
Luna Pool Agency Limited ("Luna Pool Agency")
In March 2020, the Company collaborated with Pacific Gas Pte. Ltd. and Greater Bay Gas to form and manage the Luna Pool. As part of the formation, Luna Pool Agency Limited (the “Luna Pool Agency”) was incorporated in May 2020. The pool participants jointly own the Luna Pool Agency on an equal basis, and both have equal board representation. As of December 31, 2025, we have recognized the Company’s initial investment of one British pound in the Luna Pool Agency within equity method investments on our consolidated balance sheet. The Luna Pool Agency has no activities other than as a legal custodian of the Luna Pool bank account and there will be no variability in its financial results as it has no income and its minimal operating expenses are reimbursed by the Pool Participants.
Azane Fuel Solutions AS ("Azane")
Azane, a joint venture between ECONNECT Energy AS and Amon Maritime AS, both of Norway, was founded in Norway in 2020 as a company that develops proprietary technology and services for ammonia fuel handling to facilitate the transition to green fuels for shipping. The Company acquired a 9.5 % equity interest in Azane on October 25, 2023, and accounts for it using the equity method. It was recognized initially at cost.
Azane intends to build the world’s first ammonia bunkering network and operate ammonia bunkering infrastructure. Azane intends to become the missing link between ammonia production, and trade and vessels wishing to use ammonia as fuel. Future value creation for Azane is expected to come through international expansion with its bunkering solutions and broadening of its offerings in ammonia fuel-handling technology.
Azane, a joint venture between ECONNECT Energy AS and Amon Maritime AS, both of Norway, was founded in Norway in 2020 as a company that develops proprietary technology and services for ammonia fuel handling to facilitate the transition to green fuels for shipping. The Company acquired a 9.5 % equity interest in Azane on October 25, 2023 and accounts for it using the equity method. It was recognized initially at cost.
Azane intends to build the world’s first ammonia bunkering network and operate ammonia bunkering infrastructure and aims to become the missing link between ammonia production, and trade and vessels wishing to use ammonia as fuel. Future value creation for Azane is expected to come through international expansion with its bunkering solutions and broadening of its offerings in ammonia fuel handling technology.
Bluestreak CO2 Limited ("Bluestreak")
Bluestreak is a 50.0 % / 50.0 % joint venture between the Company and Bumi Armada, one of the world’s largest floating infrastructure operators. The joint venture aims to provide an end-to-end solution for carbon emitters to capture, transport, sequester and store their carbon dioxide emissions in line with the United Kingdom’s Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy. It is anticipated that the Bluestreak joint venture will design and implement a value chain of shuttle tankers delivering to a floating carbon storage unit or a floating carbon storage and injection unit. The complete value chain is expected to safely and reliably transport and provide buffer storage of liquid carbon dioxide. The Bluestreak joint venture is subject to the execution of definitive documentation, approvals by the respective boards of directors of the Company and Bumi Armada, applicable regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.
Summarized financial information for these equity method investees is included below; among the equity method investees are the Export Terminal Joint Venture, the Luna Pool Agency, Unigas, Bluestreak, Dan Unity and Azane.
No changes occurred to the ownership in each of the equity method investees during the year ended December 31, 2025. For investments acquired during the reported periods, amounts reflect 100% of the investees' results beginning on the date of our acquisition of the investment. The Export Terminal Joint Venture contributed $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which represents the majority of our share of results of equity method investments (December 31, 2024 and 2023: equity method results of $16.9 million and $20.6 million, respectively).
The summarized aggregate balance sheet data of the operating entity investments (including those amounts not owned by the Company) consists of the following:
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| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Current assets | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Total Assets | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total Equity | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
The summarized operating data of the operating entity investments was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Operating Income | |||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to the investees | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
10. Variable Interest Entities
As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company has consolidated 100% of PT Navigator Khatulistiwa (‘PTNK”), a VIE for which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, i.e. it has a controlling financial interest in this entity with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and has the right to residual gains or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company owns 49 % of the VIE’s common stock, all of its secured debt and has voting control. All economic interests in the residual net assets reside with the Company. By virtue of the accounting principle of consolidation, transactions between PTNK and the Company are eliminated on consolidation. In the Company's consolidated results PTNK was represented by total assets and liabilities, as of December 31, 2025, of $91.8 million and $29.1 million, respectively (December 31, 2024: $127.2 million and $25.8 million respectively).
In August 2021, the Company acquired, as part of the Ultragas Transaction, a 25 % and 40 % share in the equity of Navigator Crewing Services Philippines Inc. (“NCSPI”) and Navigator Support Services Philippines Inc. (“NSSPI”), respectively. These companies are established primarily to provide marine services as principal or agent to ship owners, ship operators, managers engaged in international maritime business and business support services, respectively.
The Company has determined that it has a variable interest in NCSPI and NSSPI and is considered to be the primary beneficiary as a result of having a controlling financial interest in the entities and has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact NCSPI’s and NSSPI’s economic performance.
As of December 31, 2025, our VIEs' were represented in our consolidated results by total assets and liabilities, of $92.5 million and $29.5 million respectively. These amounts have been included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $128 million and $26.2 million respectively).
11. Secured Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities
The table below represents the annual principal payments to be made under our term loans and revolving credit facilities after December 31, 2025 and 2024:
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| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Due within one year | ||||||||
| Due between one year and two years | ||||||||
| Due between two years and three years | ||||||||
| Due between three years and four years | ||||||||
| Due between four years and five years | ||||||||
| Due in more than five years | ||||||||
| Total secured term loans facilities and revolving credit facilities | ||||||||
| Less: current portion | ||||||||
| Secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities, non-current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
March 2019 Terminal Facility. On March 29, 2019, Navigator Ethylene Terminals L.L.C., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Marine Terminal Borrower”), entered into a Credit Agreement with ING Capital L.L.C. and SG Americas Securities, L.L.C. for a maximum principal amount of $75.0 million for the payment of project costs relating to our Ethylene Export Terminal. The Terminal Facility had a final maturity of date of December 31, 2025 and was fully repaid on December 16, 2025.
September 2020 Secured Revolving Credit Facility. On September 17, 2020, the Company entered into the September 2020 Secured Revolving Credit Facility with Nordea Bank ABP, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, ING Bank N.V. London Branch, National Australia Bank, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. and BNP Paribas S.A. The September 2020 Secured Revolving Credit Facility had a term of five years maturing in September 2025 and was for a maximum principal amount of $210 million. The facility attracted interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 276 basis points. A final payment of $143.0 million was made on June 12, 2025 and as of December 31, 2025, the facility was fully repaid and all security granted by the Company over Navigator Eclipse, Navigator Luga, Navigator Nova, Navigator Prominence, and Navigator Yauza was released.
October 2013 Santander Credit Facility A. On October 30, 2013, the Company entered into the October 2013 Santander Credit Facility A with Banco Santander, S.A. and Korea Finance Corporation to finance three newbuild LPG carriers: Adriatic Gas, Navigator Celtic (formerly Celtic Gas) and Happy Albatross. The August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement has a term of twelve years maturing in June 2027 and was for a maximum principal amount of $81.0 million. The facility attracted interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points. A final payment of $14.7 million was made on May 27, 2025 and as of December 31, 2025, the facility was fully repaid and all securities granted by the Company over Adriatic Gas, Navigator Celtic (formerly Celtic Gas) and Happy Albatross was released
August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement. On August 2, 2021, as part of the Ultragas Transaction, the Company entered into the August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement with Danmarks Skibskredit A/S relating to a previously issued 2019 Senior Term Loan Facility. The August 2021 Amendment and Restatement Agreement has a term of six years maturing in June 2026 and is for a maximum principal amount of $67.0 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $29.1 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $2.9 million, followed by a final balloon payment in June 2026 of $26.2 million and bears interest at a rate of 378 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Happy Osprey, Happy Peregrine, Happy Pelican and Happy Penguin well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
October 2013 DB Credit Facility A. On October 25, 2013, the Company entered into the October 2013 DB Credit Facility A with Deutsche Bank AG, Hong Kong Branch to finance two newbuild LPG carriers, Navigator Atlantic (formerly Atlantic Gas) and Navigator Balearic (formerly Balearic Gas). The October 2013 DB Credit Facility A has a term of twelve years , maturing in May 2027 and is for a maximum principal amount of $57.7 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $6.0 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $1.2 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Atlantic (formerly Atlantic Gas) and Navigator Balearic (formerly Balearic Gas) as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
July 2015 DB Credit Facility B. On July 31, 2015, the Company entered into the July 2015 DB Credit Facility B with Deutsche Bank AG Hong Kong Branch to finance two newbuild LPG carriers: Bering Gas and Pacific Gas. The July 2015 DB Credit Facility B has a term of twelve years , maturing in December 2028 and is for a maximum principal amount of $60.9 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an
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amount outstanding of $16.5 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $1.3 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Bering Gas and Pacific Gas as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B. On July 31, 2015, the Company entered into the July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B with Banco Santander, S.A to finance two LPG carriers: Arctic Gas and Happy Avocet. The July 2015 Santander Credit Facility B has a term of twelve years , maturing in January 2029 and is for a maximum principal amount of $55.8 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $16.3 million. The outstanding balance amortizes half-yearly through payments of $1.3 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 247 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Arctic Gas and Happy Avocet as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
December 2022 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility. On December 7, 2022, the Company entered into the December 2022 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and Deutsche Bank AG. The December 2022 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility has a term of seven years , maturing in September 2028 and is for a maximum principal amount of $111.8 million. As of December 31, 2025 the term loan was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $42.5 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $3.1 million followed by a final balloon payment in September 2028 of up to $39.7 million, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 209 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Umbrio, Navigator Centauri, Navigator Ceres, Navigator Ceto and Navigator Copernico as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
December 2022 Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility. On December 15, 2022, the Company entered into the December 2022 Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility with ING Bank, London Branch, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), CTBC Bank and Shinsei Bank Limited for a maximum principal amount of $151.3 million to provide financing for the intended acquisition of five ethylene carriers from Pacific Gas. The December 2022 Greater Bay JV Term Loan Facility has a term of seven years , maturing in December 2029 and is for a maximum principal amount of $151.3 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $119.8 million The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $2.7 million, followed by a final balloon payments starting on the anniversary of each vessel’s tranche of between $15.0 million and $18.2 million per tranche, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 220 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Luna, Navigator Solar, Navigator Vega, Navigator Castor and Navigator Equator as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan. On March 20, 2023, the Company entered into the March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan with Nordea Bank ABP, ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), and BNP Paribas S.A. to refinance the June 2017 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility and the October 2016 Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility that were due to mature in June and October 2023, respectively. The March 2023 Senior Secured Term Loan has a term of six years , maturing in March 2029 and is for a maximum principal amount of $200.0 million. As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $108.5 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $8.3 million followed by a final balloon payment in March 2029 of $20.6 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 205 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Leo, Navigator Libra, Navigator Jorf, Navigator Galaxy, Navigator Genesis, Navigator Grace, Navigator Gusto, Navigator Glory, Navigator Scorpio and Navigator Virgo as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
August 2024 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility. On August 9, 2024, the Company entered into the August 2024 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, ING Bank N.V., and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), to refinance its March 2019 secured term loan that was due to mature in March 2025, to fund the repurchase of Navigator Aurora pursuant to the Company’s existing October 2019 sale and leaseback arrangement related to that vessel which, based on a termination notice we issued to the lessor in May 2024, terminated on October 29, 2024, and for general corporate and working capital purposes. The August 2024 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility has a term of six years maturing in August 2030 and is for a maximum principal amount of $147.6 million split as $84.6 million term loan and $63 million revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2025 the term loan was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of
F-27
$68.0 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $3.5 million, followed by a final balloon payment in August 2030 of up to $67.5 million, and bears interest at a rate of Comp SOFR plus 190 basis points, which margin includes a 5 -basis point sustainability-linked element
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of the Navigator Atlas, Navigator Aurora, Navigator Europa, Navigator Oberon and Navigator Triton, as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
February 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan. On February 7, 2025, the Company entered into the February 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan. with Nordea Bank Abp, to partially finance the purchase price of the three Purchased Vessels and used cash on hand to pay the remainder of the purchase price. As of December 31, 2025, the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $74.6 million. The February 2025 facility matures on August 14, 2026, however the borrower has an option to extend the facility for a further 18 months. The facility is non-amortizing for the period to August 14, 2026, and has a balloon repayment of $25.0 million if the 18 -month extension option is to be exercised, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 180 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of the Navigator Hyperion, Navigator Titan, and Navigator Vista, as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility. On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into the May 2025 Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility with Nordea Bank Abp filial i Norge, Danish Ship Finance A/S, Danske Bank A/S, DNB (UK) Limited, ING Bank N.V., London Branch, and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ). The facility was used to repay the Company’s September 2020 secured loan, and the Company’s October 2013 secured loan facility that were due to mature in September 2025 and May 2027 respectively and for general corporate and working capital purposes. The May 2025 Facility has a term of six years maturing in May 2031, and is for a maximum principal amount of $300.0 million (split as $230 million Term Loan and $70 million Revolving Credit Facility). As of December 31, 2025 the facility was fully drawn, with an amount outstanding of $286.6 million. The outstanding balance amortizes quarterly through payments of $6.7 million, followed by a final balloon payment in May 2027 of up to $146.5 million, and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 170 basis points.
The loan facility is secured by first priority mortgages on each of Navigator Luga, Navigator Prominence, Navigator Eclipse, Navigator Nova, Navigator Yauza, Adriatic Gas, Happy Albatross and Navigator Celtic as well as assignments of earnings and insurances on the secured vessels as typical for a facility of this type. The Company must comply with various financial (and other) covenants under the facility (see below) and as of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants.
Loan Facility Covenants. There are certain financial covenants within each of the Company’s secured loan facilities that are typical for transactions of these types. These covenants include:
•maintenance at all times of a minimum balance of cash and cash equivalents of up to the greater of $50 million and 5 % of the total indebtedness;
•maintenance of the ratio of value adjusted total stockholders’ equity to value adjusted total assets of not less than 30 %;
•that the aggregate fair market value of the collateral vessels be no less than 110 % of the aggregate amount outstanding under the relevant facility.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such covenants under all of its facilities.
Other Loan Facility Covenants. Amongst other things, the secured facilities provide that the borrowers may not declare or pay dividends to shareholders out of operating revenues generated by the vessels securing the indebtedness if an event of default has occurred and is continuing. The secured facilities also limit the borrowers from, among other things, incurring indebtedness or entering into mergers and divestitures and require the borrowers to maintain adequate insurance coverage and maintain their vessels. In addition, the secured term loan facilities include customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation or warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness, and non-compliance with security documents.
Borrowers under our secured loan facilities are also required to deliver semi-annual compliance certificates, which include valuations of the vessels securing the applicable facility, from independent ship brokers. Upon delivery of the valuations, if the market value of the collateral vessels is less than 110 % to 135 % of the outstanding indebtedness under the facilities, as applicable, the borrowers must either provide additional collateral or repay any amount in excess of 110 % to 135 % of the market value of the collateral vessels, as applicable. This covenant is measured semi-annually on June 30 and December 31, and as of December 31, 2025, we had an aggregate excess valuation $862.0 million above the levels required.
Compliance with Loan Facility Covenants. Other than as stated, compliance with our financial covenants is measured as of the end of each fiscal quarter or each half year. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company considers that it was in full compliance with all such, covenants, including with respect to the aggregate fair market value of our collateral vessels.
F-28
The following table shows the breakdown of secured term loan facilities and total deferred financing costs split between current and non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2025, and 2024:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Current Liability | ||||||||
| Current portion of secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: current portion of deferred financing costs | ( | ( | ||||||
| Current portion of secured term loan facilities, net of deferred financing costs | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-Current Liability | ||||||||
| Secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities net of current portion, excluding amount due to related parties | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: non-current portion of deferred financing costs | ( | ( | ||||||
| Non-current secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities, net of current and non-current deferred financing costs | $ | $ | ||||||
12. Senior Unsecured Bonds
On October 17, 2024, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $100 million of our October 2024 Bonds. The net proceeds of the issuance of the October 2024 Bonds were used to redeem in full all of our previously outstanding 2020 Bonds. The borrowing limit under the bond terms governing the October 2024 Bonds is $200 million.On March 28, 2025, pursuant to the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue Addendum, the Company completed the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue issuing an additional aggregate principal amount of $40 million in the Nordic bond market under the same bond terms governing its outstanding October 2024 Bonds. The March 2025 Bond Tap Issue matures in October 2029, in line with the October 2024 Bonds, and also bears a fixed coupon of 7.25 %per annum payable semi-annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30.
Settlement in respect of the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue occurred on April 4, 2025. Following the issuance of the October 2024 Bonds and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue, a further $60 million in aggregate principal amount of bonds remains available to be issued by the Company under the bond terms governing the October 2024 Bonds.
On September 3, 2025 the October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue under the same bond terms) were listed on the Nordic ABM, which is operated and organized by Oslo Børs ASA and governed by Norwegian law
The following table shows the breakdown of our senior unsecured bonds and total deferred financing costs as of December 31, 2025, and 2024:
| Senior Unsecured Bonds | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
October 2024 Bond issuance | $ | $ | ||||||
March 2025 Bond Tap issuance | ||||||||
| Less deferred financing costs | ( | ( | ||||||
| Total bonds, net of deferred financing costs | $ | $ | ||||||
Optional Redemption. We may redeem the October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue), in whole or in part at any time. Any bonds redeemed: up until October 29, 2027 will be priced at the aggregate of the present value (discounted at 412 basis points) on the Repayment Date of the Nominal Amount and the remaining interest payments up to October 30, 2027; from October 30, 2027 to April 29, 2028, are redeemable at 102.9 % of par; from April 30, 2028 to October 29, 2028, are redeemable at 102.175 % of par; from October 30, 2028 to April 29, 2029, are redeemable at 101.45 % of par; and from April 30, 2029 to October 29, 2029, are redeemable at 100 % of par; in each case, in cash plus accrued interest.
Additionally, upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control Event” (as defined in the bond terms covering the October 2024 Bonds and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue), the holders of October 2024 Bonds (and holders of the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) have the option to require us to repay such holders’ outstanding principal amount at 101 % of par, plus accrued interest.
Unsecured Bond Financial Covenants. The bond terms for the October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) contain financial covenants requiring the Company, among other things, to:
•maintain a minimum liquidity of no less than $35 million; and
•maintain an Equity Ratio (as defined) of at least 30 %.
F-29
Our compliance with the covenants listed above is measured as of the end of each fiscal quarter. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants under the October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue).
Other Unsecured Bond Covenants. The October 2024 Bonds (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue) provide that we may declare or pay dividends to shareholders provided the Company maintains a minimum liquidity of $45 million unless an event of default has occurred and is continuing. The Bond Agreement (and the March 2025 Bond Tap Issue Addendum thereto) related to the 2024 Bonds (the “2024 Bond Agreement”) also limits us and our subsidiaries from, among other things, entering into mergers and de-mergers, engaging in transactions with affiliates, or incurring any additional liens that could have a material adverse effect. In addition, the 2024 Bond Agreement includes customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, false representation or warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness, the occurrence of a material adverse effect, or our insolvency or dissolution.
13. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares used for calculating basic earnings per share for the effects of all potentially dilutive shares.
The following table shows the calculation of both the basic and diluted number of weighted average outstanding shares for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025:
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | |||||||||||
Basic and diluted income attributable to stockholders of Navigator Holdings Ltd. | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Basic weighted average number of shares | |||||||||||
| Effect of dilutive potential share options | |||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average number of shares | |||||||||||
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders of Navigator Holdings Ltd.: | |||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
14. Share-Based Compensation
In 2013, the Company’s Board adopted the 2013 Restricted Stock Plan (the “2013 Plan”), which entitled officers, employees, consultants and directors of the Company to receive grants of restricted stock of the Company’s common stock or share options in the Company’s common stock. The Company’s Board adopted the 2023 Restricted Stock Plan (the “2023 Plan”) to replace the 2013 Plan which ended in 2023. The 2013 and 2023 Plans are administered by the Governance, People and Compensation Committee with certain decisions subject to the approval of our Board. The maximum aggregate number of common shares that may be delivered pursuant to options or restricted stock awards granted under the 2013 and 2023 Plans are 3,000,000
Share Awards
On March 17, 2025, 11,932 shares which were granted in March 2022 with a grant price of $10.65 per share to officers and employees of the Company vested with a fair value of $167,167 ; on April 4, 2025,10,000 shares which were granted in April 2022 with a grant price of $12.17 per share to an officer and employee of the Company vested with a fair value of $109,200 ; and on April 11, 2025, 31,291 shares which were granted in April 2024 with a grant price of $15.03 per share to non-employee directors of the Company, vested with a fair value of $389,886 ; on July 9, 2025 2,146 shares which were granted on March 3, 2023, March 4, 2024 and March 11, 2025 vested with a fair value of $32,147 . In total the 55,369 shares had a weighted average grant price of $13.52 per share and a total fair value of $666,253 .
On March 11, 2025, under the Navigator Holdings Ltd. 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) the Company granted a total of 44,443 restricted shares, 30,523 of which were granted to non-employee directors and 13,920 of which were granted to the officers and employees of the Company. The weighted average value of the 44,443 shares granted was $13.74 per share. The restricted shares granted to the non-employee directors vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the restricted shares granted to the officers and employees of the Company vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.
F-30
On April 15, 2024, under the Navigator Holdings Ltd. 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) the Company granted a total of 54,851 restricted shares, 41,291 of which were granted to non-employee directors and 13,560 of which were granted to the officers and employees of the Company. The weighted average value of the 54,851 shares granted was $15.05 per share. The restricted shares granted to the non-employee directors vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the restricted shares granted to the officers and employees of the Company vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.
On March 17, 2024 under the Navigator Holdings Ltd. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”), 31,833 shares which were previously granted to non-employee directors under the 2013 Plan with a weighted average grant price of $12.45 per share, vested at a fair value of $487,045 .
On April 11, 2024 an additional 10,000 shares which were previously granted to non-employee directors under the 2013 Plan with a weighted average grant price of $15.13 per share, vested at a fair value of $161,700 .
On March 17, 2024, 10,111 shares which were granted in 2021 to officers and employees of the Company under the 2013 Plan, all of which had a weighted average grant price of $10.26 , vested at a fair value of $154,698 .
On October 26, 2024 and June 20, 2024 an additional 10,000 15.13 161,700
On October 31, 2024 an additional 10,000 shares which were previously granted to a officers and employees of the Company under the 2013 Plan with a weighted average grant value of $8.46 per share, vested at a fair value of $153,600 .
Restricted share grant activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 was as follows:
| Number of non-vested restricted shares | Weighted average grant date fair value | Weighted average remaining contractual term (years) | |||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
| Vested | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
| Vested | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
We account for forfeitures as they occur. Using the graded straight-line method of expensing the restricted stock grants, the weighted average estimated value of the shares calculated at the date of grant is recognized as compensation cost in the statements of operations over the period to the vesting date.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $663,262 in share-based compensation costs relating to share grants (December 31, 2024: $640,249 and December 31, 2023: $819,919 ). As of December 31, 2025, there was a total of $316,170 unrecognized compensation costs relating to the expected future vesting of share-based awards (December 31, 2024: $359,191 ) which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.06 years (December 31, 2024: 0.75 years).
Share options
Share options issued under the 2013 Plan and 2023 Plans are not exercisable until the third anniversary of the grant date and can be exercised up to the tenth anniversary of the grant date. The fair value of each option is calculated on the date of the grant based on the Black-Scholes valuation model. Expected volatility is based on the historic volatility of the Company’s stock price. The expected term of the options granted is anticipated to occur in the range between 4 and 6.5 years.
The movements in the existing share options during the years ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024 were as follows:
F-31
| Number of options outstanding | Weighted average exercise price per share | Aggregate intrinsic value2 | |||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Issuance during the year | |||||||||||
| Expired during the year | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Expired during the year | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||
There were 612,004 options exercisable as of December 31, 2025. (733,447 as of December 31, 2024). The weighted average exercise price of the share options exercisable as of December 31, 2025 was $16.67 (December 31, 2024; $16.86 ).
The weighted average remaining contractual term of options outstanding as of December 31, 2025 was 3.05 years (December 31, 2024: 4.05 years)
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $680,413 in share-based compensation costs relating to options granted under the 2013 Plan and the 2023 Plan (December 31, 2024: a charge of $405,727 relating to options granted under the 2013 and 2023 Plan). As of December 31, 2025 there was $523,043 of total unrecognized compensation costs relating to non-vested options under the 2013 and the 2023 Plan (December 31, 2024: $1,203,456 ).
As of December 31, 2025, there were no share options that had vested but had not been exercised. (December 31, 2024: 121,443 share options that had vested but had not been exercised with a weighted average exercise price of $17.80 ).
Expected term of share options; The expected life has been calculated as 4.5 years which is taken as the average of the vesting term length (3 years) and the original contractual length (6 years).
Expected volatility; a historical volatility figure of nil for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 27.0 % for the year ended December 31, 2024 which figure is based on the historical share price data for the one year to the Grant Date.
Expected dividends; A dividend yield of nil for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 1.31 %% for the year ended December 31, 2024 based on the annual dividend paid under the Company's Capital Return Policy.
Risk-free rate; a risk-free rate of nil for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 4.61 % for the year ended December 31, 2024 which is the three-year U.S. Treasury Yield as at the grant dates.
Restricted Stock Units
On March 11, 2025, under the 2023 Plan the Company granted a total of 82,066 Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") to the officers and employees of the Company. The RSUs granted to officers and employees of the Company vest on the third anniversary of the grant date based on an average of the Company's Return on Capital Employed over a given period or periods.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $302,453 in share-based compensation costs relating to RSUs granted under the 2023 Plan (December 31, 2024: $nil ). As of December 31, 2025 there was $822,672 of total unrecognized compensation costs relating to non-vested RSUs under the 2023 Plan (December 31, 2024: $nil ).
Save as you Earn Share Scheme
The Company has employee stock purchase plans in place which are savings-related share schemes where certain employees have the option to buy common stock at a 15 % discount to the share price at the grant dates of July 17, 2023, August 30, 2024, and June 25, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025 the Company issued 16,825 of the Company's shares related to the employee stock purchase plans (December 31, 2024; 14,568 ). Using the Black-Scholes valuation model, the Company recognized compensation costs of $37,273 relating to employee stock purchase plans for the year ended December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $44,811 ).
15. Commitments and Contingencies
2 The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company's stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options, and the fair value of the Company’s common stock for options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s share price.
F-32
The contractual obligations schedule set forth below summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025:
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Secured term loan facilities and revolving credit facilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 Bonds | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vessels under construction (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Office operating leases (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
1.The Company has entered into four contracts to build Four NewBuild Vessels with Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co., Limited. and China Shipbuilding Trading Co., Limited., in China. The Four NewBuild Vessels are under construction and are scheduled to be delivered to the Company in March 2027, July 2027 November 2027, and January 2028 respectively, at an average shipyard price of $102.9 million per vessel.
The Company announced that the Amon Joint Venture intends to acquire the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels. The Amon Joint Venture has entered into contracts with Nantong CIMC Sinopacific Offshore & Engineering Co., Limited. to build the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels, with deliveries scheduled to take place in June and October 2028 respectively, at an average yard price of $87 million per vessel.
2.The Company occupies office space in London with a lease that commenced in January 2022 for a period of 10 years with a break option in February 2027 (the "Break Option"), which is the fifth anniversary of the lease commencement date. It is a requirement under lease that the Break Option be declared 12 months in advance, and in January 2026 the Company agreed not to declare the Break Option in return for the removal of an upward-only rent review clause in the lease in relation to the second five-year period of the lease. The gross rent (excluding services charges and business rates) per year for our office lease is approximately $1.2 million.
The Company occupies office space in Copenhagen with a lease that expired in December 2025. The Company will continue to occupy the office space on a 6 -month rolling basis until a new lease is entered into. The monthly lease payments are dependent on foreign exchange rates and the gross rent per month payable in Danish Kroner is approximately $15,000 .
The lease term for our office in Gdynia, Poland which commenced in April 2024 is for a period of 5 years to March 30, 2029. The lease payments are dependent on foreign exchange rates and the gross rent per year payable in Euros is approximately $0.1 million.
The Company entered into a new 43 -month lease for office space in Houston that commenced on April 1, 2025. The annual gross rent under the lease payable in U.S. Dollars is approximately $41,000 .
16. Operating Lease Liabilities
Under ASU 2016-02 we have recognized Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities on our balance sheet for our operating leases relating to long-term commitments for our offices in London, Gdynia, Manila and Houston. Lease liabilities and ROU assets for operating leases are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the discount rate for the lease determined at the later of the date of initial application or the lease commencement date. As a lessee, the Company has elected not to separate lease and non-lease components pertaining to operating lease payments. The discount rate used is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, defined as the rate of interest that the Company as lessee could have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Consequently, operating lease liabilities of $2.8 million, based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments; and ROU assets of $1.3 million have been recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: operating lease liabilities of $3.8 million and ROU assets of $2.1 million) with accretion of the liabilities and amortization of the ROU assets over the remaining length of the lease terms.
The lease for our office in Poland is subject to annual indexation each January according to the Eurozone All Items Monetary Union Index of Consumer Prices (“MUICP”) index as quoted for the previous year. The lease payments relating to the Poland office lease are not remeasured at the beginning of each year, however the effect of future increases in MUICP are recognized as part of lease-related costs in each year and classified as variable lease costs. For the year ended December 31, 2025, total operating lease costs were $1.2 million (December 31, 2024: $1.2 million), which include immaterial variable lease costs, and are presented in general and administrative costs within the consolidated statements of operations and in cash flows from operating activities within the consolidated statements of cash flows.
F-33
The liabilities described below are for the Company’s offices in London, Gdynia, Houston, Manila and Copenhagen which are denominated in various currencies. At December 31, 2025, the weighted average discount rate across the five leases was 3.54 % (December 31, 2024: 3.32 %).
At December 31, 2025, based on the remaining lease liabilities, the weighted average remaining operating lease term was 1.37 years (December 31, 2024: 3.12 years). Please read "Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements.
A maturity analysis of the undiscounted cash flows of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as at December 31, 2024 and 2025 is presented in the following table:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| One year | $ | $ | ||||||
Between one and two years | ||||||||
Between two and three years | ||||||||
Between three and four years | ||||||||
Between four and five years | ||||||||
| Total undiscounted operating lease commitments | ||||||||
| Less: Discount adjustment | ( | ( | ||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ( | ||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities, non-current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
17. Concentration of Credit Risks
Customers
The Company’s vessels are chartered under either a time charter contract, a voyage charter contract, or a contract of affreightment. Under a time charter contract, no security is provided for the payment of charter hire however, payment is typically required monthly in advance. Under a voyage charter contract or a contract of affreightment, it may be possible to place a lien on the vessel's cargo to secure the payment of the accounts receivable, subject to the prevailing charter party contract.
The Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from a limited number of customers. During 2025, one of our charterers contributed approximately 9 % or $46.4 million of our operating revenues. Whereas our top three charterers contributed between 6.7 8.6 23 % or approximately $125.1 million of our operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025.
During 2024, one of our charterers contributed approximately 12.1 % or $63.3 million of our total operating revenues. Whereas our top three charterers contributed between 7.8 12.1 29.9 % or approximately $153.0 million of our operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. During 2023, one of our charterers contributed approximately 10.1 % or $49.7 million. Whereas our top three charterers contributed between 7.0 10.0 25.0 % or approximately $122.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Geographic
The Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from activities in a limited number of countries. During 2025, revenue generated from activities in the United States, our primary contributor, was approximately 49.7 % or $267.2 million of our operating revenues, and revenue generated from activities in Canada, our second largest contributor, was approximately 9.7 % or $52.4 million of our operating revenues.
During 2024, revenue generated from activities in the United States, our primary contributor, was approximately 51.0 % or $261.0 million of our operating revenues, and revenue generated from activities in Canada, our second largest contributor, was approximately 8.3 % or $42.5 million of our operating revenues. During 2023 revenue generated from activities in the United States, our primary contributor, was approximately 55.3 % or $272.8 million of our total operating revenues, and revenue generated from activities in Canada, our second largest contributor, was approximately 9.3 % or $45.9 million of our total operating revenues.
Other
As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, all of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments were held by large financial institutions that were rated stable or above by internationally recognized rating agencies.
F-34
18. Income Taxes
Navigator Holdings Ltd. and its vessel owning subsidiaries are incorporated in the Marshall Islands and are not subject to tax on income or capital gains in the Marshall Islands and no Marshall Islands withholding tax will be imposed on dividends paid by the Company to its non-citizen and non-resident shareholders. However, a number of the Company’s subsidiaries in the U.S., U.K., Poland, Denmark and Singapore are subject to local taxes.
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income before income taxes and share of results of equity method investments | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Statutory tax effect | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Tax Effect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Indonesia | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of not indefinitely reinvesting profits | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Other foreign jurisdictions | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total tax charge | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes and share of result of equity method investments | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Domestic | |||||||||||
| Foreign Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| Income before taxes and share of result of equity method investments | |||||||||||
| Provision for Income Taxes: | |||||||||||
| Current tax | |||||||||||
| Foreign, including withholding taxes | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax | |||||||||||
| Domestic | |||||||||||
| Foreign, including withholding taxes | |||||||||||
| Income taxes | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Income tax paid | |||||||||||
| Total tax paid during the year* | |||||||||||
*All taxes paid during the periods were made in foreign jurisdictions and no individual jurisdiction had a material payments.
The total of all deferred tax liabilities on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 is $19.6 million (December 31, 2024: $9.5 million).
The deferred tax net asset of $19.3 million includes $19.2 million related to tax losses in the U.S. losses associated with our Export Terminal Joint Venture which can be utilized against 80 % of our future profits in any one year from our terminal operations. The U.S. tax losses can be carried forward indefinitely.
Following the natural cessation of the PTNK business in Indonesia on expiry of the last remaining time charter contract on February 15, 2025, at December 31, 2025, the Company concluded that the remaining assets and undistributed earnings of PTNK will not be indefinitely reinvested. On October 1, 2025, and on January 6, 2026, Navigator Aries and Navigator Pluto respectively were sold to entities under common control of the Company in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet, and the Company similarly intends to sell Navigator Global to an entity under common control of the Company at a suitable future time. Additionally the Company no longer asserts indefinite reinvestment of earnings in PTNK and recovery
F-35
of the investment in PTNK is expected to occur through taxable transactions which required the Company to recognize an associated deferred tax liability at December 31, 2025. In respect of the above, the Company has recorded a deferred tax provision of $9.5 million as at December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: $nil ).
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Deferred tax asset | ||||||||
| Net operating losses carry forwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other temporary differences | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Less valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Investment in joint venture | ||||||||
| Other temporary differences | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Net deferred tax liability | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
The net deferred tax liability relates to deferred tax assets and liabilities in different jurisdictions. Certain subsidiaries operates in various foreign jurisdictions and are subject to examination by local tax authorities. The Company’s income tax returns for 2025 remain subject to examination by tax authorities. As of December 31, 2025, the Company is not aware of any material assessments that would require significant adjustment to the financial statements.
19. Government Grant
On July 17, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into a joint venture agreement with Amon Gas. The Amon Joint Venture intends to acquire two newbuild 51,530 cubic-meter capacity ammonia-fueled, ice-class, liquefied ammonia carriers, which will also be capable of carrying liquefied petroleum gas. On December 31, 2025, the Company owned 61 % of the Amon Joint Venture, and Amon Gas owned 39 %. Under the terms and conditions of the investment, the Company expects to own 79.5 % of the Amon Joint Venture and Amon Gas expects to own 20.5 % when the vessels are delivered in 2028.
Each of the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels has been awarded a NOK 90 9
The Enova Grant is to be drawn down in accordance with the agreed terms over the course of the vessels' construction period and provides funding of up to 69 % of approved project costs, subject to the maximum award of NOK 90 million per vessel. Grant proceeds are disbursed following submission and approval of payment requests, with 20 % of the total grant amount retained until submission and approval of the final project report by Enova.
The Enova Grant is conditional upon the Two Ammonia Newbuild Vessels meeting specified technical and environmental performance requirements, including full zero-emission operability and documentation that at least 25 % of supplied energy is derived from non-CO₂-emitting fuels. Failure to meet these requirements may result in partial or full repayment of grant funding. In addition, the Company is required to report operational and performance data related to the vessels for a period of up to ten years following approval of the final project report.
The Company accounts for the Enova Grant as government grants related to assets with analogy to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. Grant proceeds received are recognized as deferred income within the consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the useful lives of the related vessels once the vessels are delivered in 2028. Related cash inflows are classified within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had received Enova Grant payments totaling $9.7 million, representing approximately 55 % of the amount awarded and recorded the amount outstanding of $8.3 million as a non current receivable.
20. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
F-36
The following table shows the breakdown of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents held by VIE | ||||||||
Restricted cash | ||||||||
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | ||||||
21. Related Party Transactions
The following table summarizes our transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025:
Year ended December 31, 2023 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net income / (expenses) | |||||||||||
Unigas Pool | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||
| Luna Pool Agency Limited | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Ocean Yield Malta Limited | ( | ( | |||||||||
Ultranav Business Support ApS* | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
| Naviera Ultranav Limitada | ( | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||
The following table sets out the balances due from related parties as at December 31, 2024 and 2025:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Due from Related Parties | ||||||||
| Luna Pool Agency Limited | $ | $ | ||||||
| Unigas Pool | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
F-37
22. Stockholders’ Equity
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s authorized share capital consisted of 400,000,000 shares of common stock and 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock, each at par value of $0.01 65,250,444 no 69,397,648 no one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably all dividends, if any, declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Agreements governing our indebtedness may impose restrictions on us, including, among other things, limiting our ability to pay dividends out of operating revenues generated by the vessels securing such indebtedness, redeem any shares or make any other payment to our equity holders.
23. Subsequent Events
Conflict in the Middle East
The Company is closely monitoring the evolving geopolitical situation in the Middle East. As of March 12, 2026, the Company does not have any vessels operating in, or transiting through the area and the Company to date has not experienced any significant operational or financial impact. The Company will continue to monitor the situation and will take appropriate measures to protect the safety of our crew and assets.
Capital Return Policy
On March 11, 2026, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.07 per share of the Company’s common stock for the quarter ended December 31, 2025, under the Company's Capital Return Policy, payable on March 31, 2026, to all shareholders of record as of the close of business U.S Eastern time on March 23, 2026 (the "Dividend"). The aggregate amount of the Dividend is expected to be approximately $4.6 million, which the Company anticipates will be funded from cash on hand.
Also as part of the Company's Capital Return Policy for the quarter ended December 31, 2025, the Company expects to repurchase approximately $1.0 million of common stock between March 13, 2026, and March 31, 2026, subject to operating needs, market conditions, legal requirements, stock price and other circumstances, such that the Dividend and share repurchases together equal 30 % of net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2025.
Financing
On March 2, 2026, the Company entered into a $133.8 million senior secured pre- and post-delivery term loan (the “March 2026 Senior Secured Term Loan”) with ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Credit Agricole Corporate & Investment Bank and, Nordea Bank Abp, filial i Norge to partially finance the construction of Navigator Parsec and Navigator Pleione, and has and will use cash on hand to pay the remainder of the construction costs. The March 2026 Senior Secured Term Loan matures five years after delivery of the second vessel, however the borrower has the option to extend the facility for a further 12 months. The facility is non-amortizing for the pre-delivery tranche and then amortizes for the post-delivery tranche, with a balloon repayment of $100.3 million on the five-year maturity date (if the 12-month extension is not taken). The facility bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 150 basis points.
Vessel Sales
On December 28, 2025, Happy Falcon, a 2002-built 3,770 cbm semi-refrigerated small gas carrier was redelivered from the Unigas Pool which decreased the number of our vessels operating in the Unigas Pool from nine to eight. The Happy Falcon was held for sale atDecember 31, 2025, and was subsequently sold to an independent third party on January 28, 2026, for net proceeds of $4.0 million generating a profit on sale of approximately $1.8 million.
The Navigator Saturn, a 2000-built 22,085 cbm ethylene-capable semi-refrigerated handysize gas carrier was held for sale at December 31, 2025, and was subsequently sold to an independent third party on January 28, 2026 for net proceeds of $15.9 million generating a profit on sale of approximately $10.3 million.
On January 6, 2026, following the natural cessation of the Company's PT Navigator Khatulistiwa (“PTNK”) business in Indonesia in February 2025, Navigator Pluto was sold back to an entity under common control of the Company in order to continue operating within the group's ordinary fleet.
F-38
Legal Update
In February 2025, as part of an investigation into allegations of corruption, Muhamad Kerry Adrianto and certain other business partners and executives of PT Pertamina (Persero), Indonesia's state-owned energy company (“Pertamina”), were arrested by Indonesian authorities. The allegations relate to the mismanagement of crude oil and oil refinery products at Pertamina between 2018 and 2023. The legal proceedings linked with the investigation by local authorities relating to nine individuals concluded in February 2026, with all nine defendants being found guilty. Mr. Adrianto was given a custodial sentence of 15 years, a fine of around $60,000 and an order to pay compensation of approximately $173 million. On March 5, 2026, Mr. Adrianto lodged an appeal to his sentence with the High Court in Indonesia and we continue to monitor developments. Mr Adrianto served as a director of PTNK, our Indonesian joint venture, until September 2025 when he was replaced as a director of PTNK.
We continue to believe that the events surrounding Mr. Adrianto will not have a material impact on the Company or our operations.
F-39
Exhibit 8.1
Subsidiaries and equity method investments of Navigator Holdings Ltd.
| Corporation Name | Percentage Ownership as of December 31, | Country of Incorporation | Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| - Navigator Gas US, L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Delaware (USA) | Service company | ||||||||||
| - Navigator Gas L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Holding company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Aries L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Atlas L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Aurora L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Centauri L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Ceres L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Ceto L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Copernico L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Capricorn L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Eclipse L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Europa L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Galaxy L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Gemini L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Genesis L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Glory L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Grace L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Gusto L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Hyperion L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Jorf L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
1
~ Navigator Leo L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Libra L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Luga L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Magellan L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Mars L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Neptune L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Nova L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Oberon L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Parsec L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Pegasus L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Phoenix L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Pleione L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Polaris L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Prominence L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Proxima L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Saturn L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Scorpio L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Taurus L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Titan L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Triton L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Umbrio L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Venus L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| ~ Navigator Vesta L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Virgo L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
2
~ Navigator Yauza L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ NGT Services (UK) Ltd | 100% | 100% | England | Service company | ||||||||||
~ NGT Services (Poland) Sp. z o.o. | 100% | 100% | Poland | Service company | ||||||||||
~ Bluestreak CO2 Limited | 50% | 50% | England | Investment company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Gas Ship Management Ltd. | 100% | 100% | England | Service company | ||||||||||
~ Falcon Funding PTE Ltd. | 100% | 100% | Singapore | Service company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Gas Invest Ltd. | 100% | 100% | England | Investment company | ||||||||||
- PT. Navigator Khatulistiwa | 49% | 49% | Indonesia | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Greater Bay Gas Corporation | 60% | 60% | Liberia | Investment company | ||||||||||
- Pacific Jupiter L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Liberia | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
- Pacific Mars L.L.C | 100% | 100% | Liberia | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
- Pacific Mercury L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Liberia | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
- Pacific Saturn L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Liberia | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
- Pacific Venus L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Liberia | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| - Navigator Terminals L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Marshall Islands | Investment company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Terminal Invest Ltd | 100% | 100% | England | Investment company | ||||||||||
- Navigator Ethylene Terminals L.L.C. | 100% | 100% | Delaware (USA) | Investment company | ||||||||||
| - Othello Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Holding company | ||||||||||
~ Adela Shipping & Finance Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Adriaticgas Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Alameda Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Arcticgas Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Atlantic Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Balearicgas Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Beringgas Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
3
~ Celticgas Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Falstria Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Fionia Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Highland Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Lalandia Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Langelandia Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Mona Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Pacificgas Shipping Inc. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Pentland Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Zeeland Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~ Zelandia Shipping Company S.A. | 100% | 100% | Panama | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
| - Navigator Gas (Denmark) ApS (Ultragas ApS) | 100% | 100% | Denmark | Service company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Gas Ship Management (Denmark) ApS (Ultraship ApS) | 100% | 100% | Denmark | Service company | ||||||||||
~ Navigator Gas Invest (Denmark) ApS | 100% | 100% | Denmark | Investment company | ||||||||||
Azane Fuel Solutions AS | 9.6% | 9.6% | Norway | Service company | ||||||||||
- Ultraship Crewing Philippines Inc. | 25% | 25% | Philippines | Service company | ||||||||||
- Navigator Support Services (Philippines) Inc. | 40% | 40% | Philippines | Service company | ||||||||||
| -Navigator Amon Shipping AS | - | 61% | Norway | Holding company | ||||||||||
~Amon Gas AS | - | 100% | Norway | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
~Amon Gas II AS | - | 100% | Norway | Vessel-owning company | ||||||||||
- Dan-Unity CO2 A/S | 50% | 50% | Denmark | Investment company | ||||||||||
- Unigas International B.V. | 33% | 33% | Netherlands | Service company | ||||||||||
- Unigas Trading B.V. | 100% | 100% | Netherlands | Service company | ||||||||||
4
- Unigas International Inc. | 100% | 100% | Texas (USA) | Service company | ||||||||||
- Unigas International Limited | 100% | 100% | Hong Kong | Service company | ||||||||||
5
Exhibit 12.1
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Mads Peter Zacho, Chief Executive Officer, certify that:
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Navigator Holdings Ltd. (the “company”);
1.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
2.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
3.The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
4.The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
1
Date: March 12, 2026
| By: | /s/ Mads Peter Zacho | ||||
| Name: | Mads Peter Zacho | ||||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||||
2
Exhibit 12.2
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Gary Chapman, Chief Financial Officer, certify that:
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Navigator Holdings Ltd. (the “company”);
1.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
2.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
3.The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
4.The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 12, 2026
1
| By: | /s/ Gary Chapman | ||||
| Name: | Gary Chapman | ||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||
2
Exhibit 13.1
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Navigator Holdings Ltd., a Marshall Islands company (the “Company”), hereby certifies that:The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: March 12, 2026
| By: | /s/ Mads Peter Zacho | ||||
| Name: | Mads Peter Zacho | ||||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||||
1
Exhibit 13.2
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Navigator Holdings Ltd., a Marshall Islands company (the “Company”), hereby certifies that: The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: March 12, 2026
| By: | /s/ Gary Chapman | ||||
| Name: | Gary Chapman | ||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
1
Exhibit 15.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-278593) and Form F-3 (No. 333-272980) of Navigator Holdings Ltd. of our report dated March 12, 2026 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 20-F.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London, United Kingdom
March 12, 2026
1
Exhibit 15.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-278593 on Form S-8 and No. 333-272980 on Form F-3 of our report dated March 12, 2026, relating to the financial statements of Enterprise Navigator Ethylene Terminal LLC (not separately presented herein or incorporated by reference), appearing in this Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Houston, Texas
March 12, 2026
1