Nuvve Holding Corp S-1/A, filed Apr 30, 2025
Nuvve Holding Corp. (NVVE)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2025
Registration No. 333-286407
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1 to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Nuvve Holding Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 3612 | 86-1617000 | ||
|
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code No.) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230
San Diego, California 92106
(619) 456-5161
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Gregory Poilasne
Chief Executive Officer
Nuvve Holding Corp.
2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230
San Diego, California 92106
(619) 456-5161
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With copies to:
|
Alan A. Lanis, Jr. Baker & Hostetler LLP 1900 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 2700 Los Angeles, CA 90067 Tel: (310) 820-8800 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| Emerging growth company | ☒ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy, these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, dated April 30, 2025
Preliminary Prospectus
Nuvve Holding Corp.
Up to 18,573,650 Shares of Common Stock
by Selling Stockholders
This prospectus relates to the resale from time to time by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus (including their permitted transferees, donees, pledgees and other successors-in-interest) (the “Selling Stockholders”) of up to 18,573,650 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), which includes: (i) up to 5,892,256 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of senior convertible promissory notes (the “AIR Notes”) issued to certain Selling Stockholders in private placements (the “Private Placements”); (ii) up to 5,892,256 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants (the “AIR Warrants”) issued to certain Selling Stockholders in the Private Placements; and (iii) up to 6,789,138 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants (the “Original Warrants”) issued to the Selling Stockholders in the October 31, 2024 private placement (the “Original Placement”). For a description of the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants, see “Private Placements.” We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of such shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders.
We will bear all of the registration expenses incurred in connection with the registration of these shares of Common Stock. The Selling Stockholders will pay discounts, commissions, and fees of underwriters, selling brokers or dealer managers and similar expenses, if any, incurred for the sale of these shares of Common Stock.
The Selling Stockholders identified in this prospectus may offer the shares from time to time on terms to be determined at the time of sale through ordinary brokerage transactions or through any other means described in this prospectus under the caption “Plan of Distribution.” The shares may be sold at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. For more information on the Selling Stockholders, see the section entitled “Selling Stockholders.”
We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read the entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision. Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “NVVE”. On April 29, 2025, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock was $0.937 per share.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus, as well as the other information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any accompanying prospectus supplement before making a decision to invest in our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2025.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Stockholders (or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest) may, from time to time, sell or otherwise dispose of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by such Selling Stockholders of the securities offered by them described in this prospectus.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the shares of Common Stock that the Selling Stockholders may sell or otherwise dispose of. You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus, as well as the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information provided in the prospectus supplement. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document. Since the date of this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders will make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement together with the information incorporated by reference herein or therein. For information about the distribution of securities offered, please see “Plan of Distribution” below. You should carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described in “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” before you make any investment decisions regarding the securities. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus without charge by following the instructions under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”
This prospectus summarizes certain documents and other information, and we refer you to them for a more complete understanding of what we discuss in this prospectus. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. In making an investment decision, you must rely on your own examination of the Company and the terms of the offering and the securities, including the merits and risks involved.
We are not making any representation to any purchasers of the securities regarding the legality of an investment in the securities by such purchasers. You should not consider any information in this prospectus to be legal, business or tax advice. You should consult your own attorney, business advisor or tax advisor for legal, business and tax advice regarding an investment in the securities.
Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “Nuvve” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to Nuvve Holding Corp., and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries.
ii
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein and therein, contains or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements depend upon events, risks and uncertainties that may be outside of our control. All statements, other than statements related to present facts or current conditions or of historical facts, contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein and therein, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, and projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. Accordingly, these statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in them. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, or the documents incorporated by reference herein.
Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results or events may differ materially from those projected or implied in those statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to: risks related to the rollout of our business and the timing of expected business milestones; our dependence on widespread acceptance and adoption of electric vehicles and increased installation of charging stations; our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, including the remediation of identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting relating to segregation of duties with respect to, and access controls to, its financial record keeping system, and our accounting staffing levels; our current dependence on sales of charging stations for most of our revenues; overall demand for electric vehicle charging and the potential for reduced demand if governmental rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives are reduced, modified or eliminated or governmental mandates to increase the use of electric vehicles or decrease the use of vehicles powered by fossil fuels, either directly or indirectly through mandated limits on carbon emissions, are reduced, modified or eliminated; potential adverse effects on our backlog, revenue and gross margins if customers increasingly claim clean energy credits and, as a result, they are no longer available to be claimed by us; the effects of competition on our future business; risks related to our dependence on its intellectual property and the risk that our technology could have undetected defects or errors; the risk that we conduct a portion of our operations through a joint venture exposes us to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control; changes in applicable laws or regulations; risks related to disruption of management time from ongoing business operations due to our joint ventures; risks relating to privacy and data protection laws, privacy or data breaches, or the loss of data; the possibility that we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; and the risks identified under “Risk Factors” described or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We caution you not to rely on forward-looking statements, which reflect current beliefs and are based on information currently available as of the date a forward-looking statement is made. Forward-looking statements set forth herein speak only as of the date of this prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as applicable. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Other sections of this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein describe additional factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, those described or incorporated by reference under “Risk Factors”. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information or future developments, except as otherwise required by law.
iii
This summary highlights selected information appearing elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that may be important to you. To understand this offering fully, you should read this entire prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein carefully, including the information referenced under the heading “Risk Factors” and in our financial statements, together with any accompanying prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to “we, ““us,” “our,” the “Company,” “Nuvve” and similar terms refer to Nuvve Holding Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a green energy technology company that provides, directly and through business ventures with our partners, a globally-available, commercial V2G technology platform that enables EV batteries to store and resell unused energy back to the local electric grid and provide other grid services. Our proprietary V2G technology — Grid Integrated Vehicle (“GIVe”) platform — has the potential to refuel the next generation of EV fleets through cutting-edge, bi-directional charging solutions.
Our proprietary V2G technology enables us to link multiple EV and stationary batteries into a virtual power plant to provide bi-directional services to the electrical grid. Our GIVe software platform was created to harness capacity from “loads” at the edge of the distribution grid (i.e., aggregation of EVs and stationary batteries) in a qualified, controlled and secure manner to provide many of the grid services offered by conventional generation sources (i.e., coal and natural gas plants). Our current addressable energy and capacity markets include grid services such as frequency regulation, demand charge management, demand response, energy optimization, distribution grid services and energy arbitrage.
Our customers and partners include owner/operators of light duty fleets, heavy duty fleets (including school buses), automotive manufacturers, charge point operators, large facility owners (V2G Hubs), and strategic partners (via joint ventures, other business ventures and special purpose financial vehicles). We also operate a small number of company-owned charging stations serving as demonstration projects funded by government grants. We expect growth in company-owned charging stations and the related government grant funding to continue, but for such projects to constitute a declining percentage of our future business as our commercial operations expand.
We offer our customers networked charging stations, infrastructure, software, professional services, support, monitoring and parts and labor warranties required to run electric vehicle fleets, as well as low and in some cases free energy costs. We expect to generate revenue primarily from the provision of services to the grid via our GIVe software platform and sales of V2G-enabled charging stations. In the case of light duty fleet and heavy duty fleet customers, we also may receive a mobility fee, which is a recurring fixed payment made by fleet customers per fleet vehicle. In addition, we may generate non-recurring consulting and engineering services revenue derived from the planning and integration of electrification of transportation projects, energy management projects and the integration of our technology with automotive OEMs and charge point operators. In the case of recurring grid services revenue generated via automotive OEM and charge point operator customer integrations, we may also share the recurring grid services revenue with the customer.
Private Placements
March 2025 AIR Notes and AIR Warrants
As previously disclosed, on October 31, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited institutional and individual investors (the “Investors”), pursuant to which we agreed to issue to the Investors senior convertible promissory notes (as amended and restated, the “Notes”) convertible into shares of our Common Stock and accompanying warrants (the “Original Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock. As previously disclosed, certain of the Investors exercised their right (the “Additional Investment Right”) under the Purchase Agreement to purchase additional Notes and warrants. In connection with the exercise of the Additional Investment Right, on March 5, 2025, the Company issued to certain Investors (i) an aggregate of $1,666,666.67 principal amount (the “Principal Amount”) senior convertible promissory notes, carrying a 10% original issue discount (as amended and restated, each, a “March AIR Note” and, collectively, the “March AIR Notes”), convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants (the “March AIR Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “March AIR Issuance”).
1
The March AIR Warrants are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 100% of the shares (the “March Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock that each March AIR Note is convertible into as of the issuance date, at an exercise price of $2.02 per share (the “March Exercise Price”), which represents 95% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the Investors exercised their Additional Investment Right, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
The March AIR Notes mature 18 months from the date of issuance (the “March AIR Term”). We may elect to extend the March AIR Term by up to an additional six months, so long as (i) at least 33% of the Principal Amount has been repaid or converted into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) no event of default has occurred and is continuing nor has any event constituting a material adverse effect occurred. If we elect to exercise such March AIR Term extension right, we shall pre-pay to the holders of the AIR Notes six months of monthly interest based on the then-outstanding Principal Amount under the March AIR Notes.
The March AIR Notes are convertible, at the option of the respective Investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock (the “March Conversion Shares”) equal to the Principal Amount of the March AIR Notes outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $2.02 per share (the “March Conversion Price”), which represents 95% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the Investors exercised their Additional Investment Right, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The March Conversion Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection and certain exceptions upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the March Conversion Price then in effect, subject to a floor price equal to $0.528 per share (the “Floor Price”), and standard adjustments in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, combinations or similar events.
Alternatively, in the event of an event of default, the March Conversion Price may be converted to an “Alternate Conversion Price”, which is defined as the lowest of (i) the applicable March Conversion Price as in effect on the applicable conversion date of the applicable Alternate Conversion (as defined in the March AIR Notes), (ii) the greater of (x) the Floor Price and (y) 80% of the VWAP (as defined in the March AIR Notes) of the Common Stock as of the trading day immediately preceding the delivery of the applicable conversion notice, (iii) the greater of (x) the Floor Price and (y) 80% of the VWAP of the Common Stock as of the trading day of the delivery of the applicable conversion notice, (iv) the greater of (x) the Floor Price and (y) 80% of the VWAP of the Common Stock as of the trading day immediately preceding the date that an event of default under the March AIR Notes occurs, and (v) the greater of (x) the Floor Price and (y) 80% of the average of the three lowest daily VWAPs in the twenty trading day period immediately prior to the delivery of the applicable conversion notice.
The March AIR Notes accrue interest at the rate of 8.0% per annum, which shall automatically be increased to 18.0% per annum in the event of an event of default. The principal and accrued interest on the March AIR Notes are payable in equal monthly installments (each, an “Installment”) on each Installment Date (as defined in the March AIR Notes) commencing on the earlier of April 30, 2025 and the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Each Installment is payable in cash, provided, however, that if on any Installment Date, no failure to meet the Equity Conditions (as defined in the March AIR Notes) exits pursuant to the March AIR Notes, we may pay all or a portion of the Installment with shares of Common Stock. The portion of any Installment paid with Common Stock shall be based on the Installment Conversion Price. “Installment Conversion Price” means the lower of (i) the March Conversion Price and (ii) the greater of (x) the Floor Price and (y) 95% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days immediately prior to exercise of the Additional Investment Right.
The March AIR Notes may not be converted and shares of Common Stock may not be issued under the March AIR Notes if, after giving effect to the conversion or issuance, such Investor together with its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding Common Stock.
The March AIR Notes contain customary events of default. If an event of default occurs, the Investors may require us to redeem all or any portion of the March AIR Notes (including all accrued and unpaid interest thereon), in cash.
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Additionally, the March AIR Warrants are exercisable immediately and will expire five years after the date of issuance and may be exercised on a cashless basis in the event of a fundamental transaction involving us or if the resale of the shares of Common Stock underlying the March AIR Warrants is not covered by an effective registration statement (or the prospectus contained therein is not available for use). The Exercise Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the Exercise Price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.
The gross proceeds to us from the March AIR Issuance before expenses were $1,500,000. We intend to use the net proceeds from the March AIR Issuance for working capital and general corporate purposes.
April 2025 AIR Notes and AIR Warrants
On April 27, 2025 certain of the Investors exercised their Additional Investment Right under the Purchase Agreement to purchase additional Notes and Warrants. In connection with the exercise of the Additional Investment Right, on April 28, 2025, the Company issued to certain Investors (i) an aggregate of $1,444,444.44 principal amount (the “April Principal Amount”) senior convertible promissory notes, carrying a 10% original issue discount (as amended and restated, each, a “April AIR Note” and, collectively, the “April AIR Notes”, and the April AIR Notes together with the March AIR Notes, the “AIR Notes”), convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants (the “April AIR Warrants” and, together with the March AIR Warrants, the “AIR Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “April AIR Issuance”, and together with the March AIR Issuance, the “AIR Issuances”).
The April AIR Warrants are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 100% of the shares (the “April Warrant Shares”, and together with the March Warrant Shares, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock that each April AIR Note is convertible into as of the issuance date, at an exercise price of $0.8261 per share (the “April Exercise Price”), which represents 95% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the Investors exercised their Additional Investment Right, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
The April AIR Notes mature 18 months from the date of issuance (the “April AIR Term”). We may elect to extend the April AIR Term by up to an additional six months, so long as (i) at least 33% of the April Principal Amount has been repaid or converted into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) no event of default has occurred and is continuing nor has any event constituting a material adverse effect occurred. If we elect to exercise such April AIR Term extension right, we shall pre-pay to the holders of the AIR Notes six months of monthly interest based on the then-outstanding April Principal Amount under the April AIR Notes.
The April AIR Notes are convertible, at the option of the respective Investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock (the “April Conversion Shares”, and together with the March Conversion Shares, the “Conversion Shares”) equal to the April Principal Amount of the April AIR Notes outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.8261 per share (the “April Conversion Price”), which represents 95% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the Investors exercised their Additional Investment Right, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The April Conversion Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection and certain exceptions upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the April Conversion Price then in effect, subject to the Floor Price, and standard adjustments in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, combinations or similar events. The Installment payments under the April AIR Notes commence on the earlier of May 30, 2025 and the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Additionally, the April AIR Warrants are exercisable immediately and will expire five years after the date of issuance and may be exercised on a cashless basis in the event of a fundamental transaction involving us or if the resale of the shares of Common Stock underlying the April AIR Warrants is not covered by an effective registration statement (or the prospectus contained therein is not available for use). The April Exercise Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the April Exercise Price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.
The April AIR Notes and April AIR Warrants otherwise contain the same terms and conditions as the March AIR Notes and March AIR Warrants, respectively.
The gross proceeds to us from the April AIR Issuance before expenses were $1,300,000. We intend to use the net proceeds from the April AIR Issuance for working capital and general corporate purposes.
As previously disclosed, pursuant to a registration rights agreement with the Investors (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), we agreed to file a registration statement (the “AIR Registration Statement”) to register the shares of Common Stock underlying the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants following the closing of any AIR Issuance. The registration statement to which this prospectus forms a part is being filed is intended to satisfy our obligation to file the AIR Registration Statement pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement.
The offers and sales of the securities in the AIR Issuances were made pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Such offers and sales were made only to “accredited investors” under Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act, and without any form of general solicitation and with full access to any information requested by such investors regarding us or the securities offered and issued in the AIR Issuances.
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October Warrants
As previously disclosed, on October 31, 2024, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Investors, pursuant to which we agreed to issue to the Investors the Original Warrants. The exercise price of the Original Warrants is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than such exercise price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes. Any adjustment in the exercise price of such Original Warrants will be accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of shares underlying such Original Warrants such that the aggregate exercise price for such Original Warrants after such adjustment is equal to such aggregate exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment. The registration statement to which this prospectus forms a part registers, among others, shares of Common Stock that may be issuable pursuant to the Original Warrants as a result of the adjustment of such Original Warrants’ exercise price and underlying shares.
The offer and sale of the Original Warrants was made pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Such offer and sale was made only to “accredited investors” under Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act, and without any form of general solicitation and with full access to any information requested by such investors regarding us or the securities offered and issued in such issuance.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the “JOBS Act.” As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These include, but are not limited to:
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; |
| ● | not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditors’ report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements; |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
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Additionally, under the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We irrevocably elected to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and, therefore, are not subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as public companies who were not emerging growth companies.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of our Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of June 30th of that fiscal year, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more during such fiscal year (as indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period, and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of equity securities of Newborn (our predecessor) in its initial public offering, or December 31, 2025.
We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act, and have elected to take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. To the extent that we continue to qualify as a “smaller reporting company” as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, certain of the exemptions available to us as an “emerging growth company” may continue to be available to us, including exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements. We will continue to be a “smaller reporting company” until we have $250 million or more in public float (based on our Common Stock) measured as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or, in the event we have no public float (based on our Common Stock) or a public float (based on our Common Stock) that is less than $700 million, annual revenues of $100 million or more during the most recently completed fiscal year.
Corporate Information
We were formed on November 10, 2020 under the name “NB Merger Corp.” as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Newborn Acquisition Corp. (“Newborn”) for the purpose of effecting a business combination (the “Business Combination”) with Newborn and Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”). On March 19, 2021, we consummated the Business Combination in accordance with the terms of that certain Merger Agreement, dated as of November 11, 2020, and amended as of February 20, 2021, between us, Newborn, Nuvve Corp., Nuvve Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ours (“Merger Sub”), and Ted Smith, an individual, as the representative of the stockholders of Nuvve Corp. (the “Merger Agreement”). Prior to the Business Combination, Newborn was a publicly traded special purpose acquisition corporation, we were a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, and Nuvve Corp. was a private operating company. On the closing date of the Business Combination, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) Newborn reincorporated to Delaware through the merger of Newborn with and into our company, with our company surviving as the publicly traded entity (the “Reincorporation Merger”), and (ii) immediately after the Reincorporation Merger, we acquired Nuvve Corp. through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Nuvve Corp., with Nuvve Corp. surviving as the wholly-owned subsidiary of ours (the “Acquisition Merger”). As a result, we became a publicly traded holding company with Nuvve Corp. as our operating subsidiary. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name to “Nuvve Holding Corp.”
Nuvve Corp. was incorporated in Delaware on October 15, 2010 under the name “Nuvve Corporation.” Nuvve was formed for the purpose of providing, directly and through business ventures with its partners, its V2G technology platform that enables EV batteries to store and resell unused energy back to the local electric grid and provide other grid services. Newborn was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 12, 2019 under the name “Newborn Acquisition Corp.” Newborn was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses.
Our principal executive offices are located at 2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230, San Diego, California 92106. Our telephone number is (619) 456-5161. Our website address is www.nuvve.com. Information contained on our website or connected thereto does not constitute part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or the Registration Statement of which it forms a part.
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THE OFFERING
| Common stock offered by the Selling Stockholders | 18,573,650 shares, consisting of: (i) up to 5,892,256 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the AIR Notes; (ii) up to 5,892,256 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the AIR Warrants; and (iii) up to 6,789,138 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Original Warrants. | |
| Use of proceeds | The Selling Stockholders will receive all of the proceeds from the sale of the shares offered for sale by them under this prospectus. We will not receive proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholders. See “Use of Proceeds.” | |
| Risk factors | See “Risk Factors” on page 7 of this prospectus and under similar headings in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus for a discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our Common Stock. | |
| Nasdaq Capital Market symbol | NVVE |
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Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and in other documents which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including all future filings we make with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as well as the risk factors and other information contained in or incorporated by reference into any accompanying prospectus supplement before investing in any of our securities. Our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The risks and uncertainties described in the documents incorporated by reference herein are not the only risks and uncertainties that you may face. For more information about our SEC filings, please see “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”
Sales of a substantial number of our securities in the public market by our existing securityholders could cause the price of our shares of Common Stock to fall.
Sales of a substantial number of our shares of Common Stock on the public market by our existing securityholders, or the perception that those sales might occur, could depress the market price of our shares of Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our shares of Common Stock.
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All shares of Common Stock offered by this prospectus are being registered for resale by the Selling Stockholders. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these securities. The Selling Stockholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the resale of the shares of Common Stock.
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The shares of Common Stock being offered by the Selling Stockholders are (i) those issuable to the Selling Stockholders pursuant to the terms of the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants; and (ii) those issuable to the Selling Stockholders pursuant to the terms of the Original Warrants. For additional information regarding the issuances of the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants and the Original Warrants, see “Private Placements” above. We are registering the shares of Common Stock in order to permit the Selling Stockholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time. Except for the ownership of the Notes, the Original Warrants, the AIR Notes and the AIR Warrants, or as otherwise set forth below, the Selling Stockholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.
The table below lists the Selling Stockholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of our shares of Common Stock by each of the Selling Stockholders. The second column lists the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by each Selling Stockholder, including its ownership of the Notes, the Original Warrants, the AIR Notes and the AIR Warrants, as of March 31, 2025, assuming the conversion or exercise, as applicable, of the Notes, the Original Warrants, the AIR Notes and the AIR Warrants held by the Selling Stockholders on that date, without regard to any limitations on conversion or exercise, as applicable.
The third column lists the shares of Common Stock being offered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholders.
In accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement with the Selling Stockholders, this prospectus generally covers the resale of the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants, determined as if the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants were converted or exercised, as applicable, in full as of the trading day immediately preceding the date the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was initially filed with the SEC, each as of the trading day immediately preceding the applicable date of determination and all subject to adjustment as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, without regard to any limitations on conversion or exercise, as applicable, in the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus.
Under the terms of the AIR Notes and AIR Warrants, a Selling Stockholder may not be issued shares under the AIR Notes or AIR Warrants to the extent such issuance would cause such Selling Stockholder, together with its affiliates and attribution parties, to beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock which would exceed 9.99% of our then outstanding shares of Common Stock following such conversion or exercise, as applicable. The number of shares in the second column does not reflect this limitation. The Selling Stockholders may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”
| Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | Maximum Number of Shares to be Sold Pursuant | Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned After this Offering | ||||||||||||||
| Name of Selling Stockholder | Prior to Offering | to this Prospectus | Number of Shares | Percentage of Shares(1) | ||||||||||||
| Five Narrow Lane, L.P. (2) | 17,900,882 | 9,330,520 | 8,570,362 | 73.6 | % | |||||||||||
| Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd., and affiliated entities (3) | 7,289,215 | 3,914,812 | 2,532,653 | 45.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Rainforest Partners LLC (4) | 3,260,862 | 1,005,799 | 571,561 | 15.7 | % | |||||||||||
| The Hewlett Fund LP (5) | 1,665,783 | 502,903 | 321,130 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Gregory Poilasne (6) | 775,642 | 452,614 | 323,028 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||
| * | Less than one percent (1%) |
| (1) | Applicable percentage ownership is based on 3,068,049 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2025. |
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| (2) | Includes: (i) 36,480 shares of Common Stock held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P., (ii) up to 149,464 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the Notes held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P.; (iii) up to 1,158,276 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P.; (iv) up to 3,156,566 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the AIR Notes held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P.; and (v) up to 3,156,566 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the AIR Warrants held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P. The number of shares to be offered pursuant to this prospectus includes: (i) up to 3,156,566 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the AIR Notes held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P.; (ii) up to 3,156,566 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the AIR Warrants held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P.; and (iii) up to 3,017,388 additional shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P. The AIR Notes, the AIR Warrants and the Original Warrants are each subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99%, which such limitation restricts Five Narrow Lane, L.P. from converting or exercising, as applicable, that portion of the AIR Notes, the AIR Warrants and the Original Warrants that would result in Five Narrow Lane, L.P. and its affiliates owning, after conversion or exercise, as applicable, a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of the beneficial ownership limitation. Each of Arie Rabinowitz and Joseph Hammer may be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by Five Narrow Lane, L.P. Each of Messrs. Rabinowitz and Hammer disclaims any beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The address for Five Narrow Lane, L.P. is 510 Madison Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, NY 10022. |
| (3) | Includes: (i) 100,000 shares of common stock held by Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd. (“Bristol Investment Fund”, and together its affiliates, “Bristol”); (ii) up to 101,330 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the Notes held by Bristol Investment Fund; (iii) up to 226,945 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the outstanding Original Warrants; (iv) up to 1,473,064 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the AIR Notes held by Bristol Investment Fund; and (v) up to 1,473,064 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the AIR Warrants held by Bristol Investment Fund. The number of shares to be offered pursuant to this prospectus includes: (i) up to 1,473,064 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the AIR Notes held by Bristol Investment Fund; (ii) up to 1,473,064 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the AIR Warrants held by Bristol Investment Fund; and (iii) up to 1,810,434 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Bristol Investment Fund. The AIR Notes, the AIR Warrants and the Original Warrants are each subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99%, which such limitation restricts Bristol Investment Fund from converting or exercising, as applicable, that portion of the AIR Notes and the AIR Warrants that would result in Bristol Investment Fund and its affiliates owning, after conversion or exercise, as applicable, a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of the 9.99% beneficial ownership limitation. The shares reported herein do not include (i) the 30,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding and exercisable Series A Warrants (“Series A Warrants”) held by Bristol Investment Fund nor (ii) the 30,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding and exercisable Series C Warrants (“Series C Warrants”), as the exercise of each of the Series A Warrants and the Series C Warrants is subject to the holder holding less than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of common stock (a “4.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). Bristol Investment Fund is a privately held fund that invests primarily in publicly traded companies through the purchase of securities in private placement and/or open market transactions. Bristol Capital Advisors, LLC, an entity organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (“Bristol Capital Advisors”), is the investment advisor to Bristol Investment Fund. Paul Kessler is manager of Bristol Capital Advisors and as such has voting and dispositive power over the securities held by Bristol Investment Fund. The address for Bristol is 1090 Center Drive, Park City, UT 84098. |
| (4) | Includes: (i) up to 408,258 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the Notes held by Rainforest Partners LLC; (ii) up to 163,303 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Rainforest Partners LLC; (iii) up to 841,751 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the AIR Notes held by Rainforest Partners LLC; and (iv) up to 841,751 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the AIR Warrants held by Rainforest Partners LLC. The Notes and the Warrants are each subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99%, which such limitation restricts Rainforest Partners LLC from converting or exercising, as applicable, that portion of the Notes and the Original Warrants that would result in Rainforest Partners LLC and its affiliates owning, after conversion or exercise, as applicable, a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of the beneficial ownership limitation. The number of shares to be offered pursuant to this prospectus includes up to 1,005,799 additional shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Rainforest Partners LLC. Mark Weinberger is the managing member of Rainforest Partners LLC, and has sole voting and investment power over the securities held by Rainforest Partners LLC. The address for Rain Forest Partners LLC is 850 East 26th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11210. |
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| (5) | Includes: (i) up to 204,130 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the Notes held by The Hewlett Fund LP; (ii) up to 117,000 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by The Hewlett Fund LP; (iii) up to 420,875 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the AIR Notes held by The Hewlett Fund LP; and (iv) up to 420,875 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the AIR Warrants held by The Hewlett Fund LP. The Notes and the Original Warrants are each subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99%, which such limitation restricts The Hewlett Fund LP from converting or exercising, as applicable, that portion of the Notes and the Warrants that would result in The Hewlett Fund LP and its affiliates owning, after conversion or exercise, as applicable, a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of the beneficial ownership limitation. The number of shares to be offered pursuant to this prospectus includes up to 502,903 additional shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by The Hewlett Fund LP. Martin Chopp has voting and investment control over the securities held by The Hewlett Fund LP. The address for The Hewlett Fund LP is 100 Merrick Road, Suite 400W, Rockville Centre, NY 11570. |
| (6) | Includes: (i) 9,247 shares of Common Stock held directly by Mr. Poilasne; (ii) up to 2,312 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2025; (iii) up to 2,500 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding and exercisable Series A Warrants held by Mr. Poilasne; (iv) up to 183,718 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the conversion of the Notes held by Mr. Poilasne, (v) up to 73,487 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Mr. Poilasne; and (vi) up to 51,764 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of an outstanding convertible promissory note held by Poilasne Inc., an entity affiliated with Mr. Poilasne, which is convertible or may become convertible, at the holder’s option upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth therein, within 60 days of March 31, 2025, as calculated based on the principal and interest due at the maturity date of such note. The Notes and the Original Warrants are each subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99%, which such limitation restricts Mr. Poilasne from converting or exercising, as applicable, that portion of the Notes and the Warrants that would result in Mr. Poilasne and his affiliates owning, after conversion or exercise, as applicable, a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of the 9.99% beneficial ownership limitation. The number of shares to be offered pursuant to this prospectus includes up to 452,614 additional shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Original Warrants held by Mr. Poilasne. Mr. Poilasne is our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors. The address for Mr. Poilasne is 2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92106. |
Relationships with Selling Stockholders
Bristol
Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd. (together with its affiliates, “Bristol”) participated in our February 2024 public offering of Common Stock and warrants to purchase Common Stock. In connection with the offering, we issued Bristol 30,000 shares of Common Stock, Series A Warrants to purchase 30,000 shares of Common Stock, Series B Warrants to purchase 30,000 shares of Common Stock, and Series C Warrants to purchase 30,000 shares of Common Stock.
In July 2024, we entered into a consulting agreement with Bristol Capital, LLC (“Bristol”) and its affiliates pursuant to which, among other things, Bristol and its affiliates agreed to provide certain consulting, advisory, and strategic planning services to us in exchange for the issuance of 60,000 pre-funded warrants to purchase Common Stock. In September 2024, we issued 30,000 shares of Common Stock to Bristol in exercise of such warrants. In December 2024, we issued 30,000 shares of Common Stock to Bristol upon the exercise of such warrants.
Gregory Poilasne
Gregory Poilasne has been our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors since November 2020.
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Each Selling Stockholder and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on Nasdaq or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A Selling Stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; |
| ● | block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; |
| ● | purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; |
| ● | privately negotiated transactions; |
| ● | settlement of short sales made in compliance with the Purchase Agreement; |
| ● | in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the Selling Stockholders to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security; |
| ● | through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise; |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale; or |
| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. |
The Selling Stockholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2440; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA IM 2440.
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In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the Selling Stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholders may also sell securities short, subject to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
The Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Each Selling Stockholder has informed us that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.
We are required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by us incident to the registration of the securities. We have agreed to indemnify the Selling Stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the shares of common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Stockholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Stockholders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
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The validity of the issuance of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Baker & Hostetler LLP, Los Angeles, California.
The financial statements of Nuvve Holding Corp. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
Our website address is www.nuvve.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, and you should not consider information on our website to be part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Forms of the documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may obtain the registration statement and exhibits to the registration statement from the SEC’s website, as provided above.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part the information or documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC, and any future filings we will make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement, and until the termination of the offering of the shares covered by this prospectus (other than information furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K):
| ● | Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed on March 31, 2025; |
| ● | Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2025, January 15, 2025, January 16, 2025, January 27, 2025, January 30, 2025, February 4, 2025, February 5, 2025; February 5, 2025, February 6, 2025, February 7, 2025, February 11, 2025, February 24, 2025, March 3, 2025, March 11, 2025, April 7, 2025, April 11, 2025, April 16, 2025, April 21, 2025, April 29, 2025 and April 30, 2025; and |
| ● | The description of our common stock contained in our Current Report on Form 8-K12B, filed on March 25, 2021 and amended on March 26, 2021, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. |
Any statement made in this prospectus or contained in a document all or a portion of which is incorporated by reference herein will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequent prospectus supplement to this prospectus or, if appropriate, post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will not be deemed to constitute a part hereof, except as so modified, and any statement so superseded will not be deemed to constitute a part hereof.
You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s website mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.” The information on the SEC’s website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We will furnish without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, a copy of any document incorporated by reference. Requests should be addressed to Nuvve Holding Corp., 2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230, San Diego, California 92106, Attn: Corporate Secretary or may be made telephonically at (619) 456-5161.
We maintain a website at www.nuvve.com. Information about us, including our reports filed with the SEC, is available through that site. Such reports are accessible at no charge through our website and are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website and the information contained on that website, or connected to that website, are not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
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Nuvve Holding Corp.
Up to 18,573,650 Shares of Common Stock
by Selling Stockholders
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
, 2025
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following is an estimate of the expenses (all of which are to be paid by us) that we may incur in connection with the securities being registered hereby.
| Amount | ||||
| SEC registration fee | $ | 2,517 | ||
| Legal fees and expenses | 75,000 | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | 20,000 | |||
| Printing expenses | 5,000 | |||
| Miscellaneous | 2,483 | |||
| Total | $ | 105,000 | ||
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (referred to as the “DGCL”) empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or who is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful.
Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
Section 145 further provides that to the extent a director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith; that indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled; and the indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of such person’s heirs, executors and administrators. Section 145 also empowers the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liabilities under Section 145.
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Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides that a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we shall indemnify our directors and officers, and may indemnify our employees and other agents, to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, and our bylaws provide that we shall indemnify directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers. These agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We also intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our future directors and officers.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in a successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to the court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
Set forth below is information regarding sales of unregistered sales by us since March 1, 2022 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
June 2022 Sale of Securities
In June 2022, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer purchased an aggregate of 337 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $594.80 per share, or a total of approximately $2,000,000. These transactions were made pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, among us and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer.
July 2024 Consulting Warrant
In July 2024, we granted pre-funded warrants (the “Consulting Warrant”) to purchase an aggregate of 60,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant as compensation for certain consulting services rendered. The Consulting Warrant is exercisable, in part or in full, for shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share. On September 26, 2024, we issued 30,000 shares of Common Stock to such consultant upon the partial exercise of the Consulting Warrant.
August 2024 Notes
In connection with the formation of Deep Impact 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, in which we hold a 51% equity interest by way of our subsidiary, Nuvve CPO, Inc., on August 16, 2024, we issued promissory notes (each a “SPV Promissory Note”) with conversion options to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, in exchange for up to an aggregate of $1,500,000, to further support project costs in exchange for their investment into Deep Impact. Each SPV Promissory Note was issued with an original principal amount of $750,000. The SPV Promissory Notes have a term of three years and bear interest at a rate of 17.5% per annum. The SPV Promissory Notes further provide that upon certain events of default, the SPV Note holders shall have the option to convert the outstanding amounts on such SPV Promissory Notes for an aggregate of 101 membership units in Deep Impact.
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On August 27, 2024, we issued promissory notes with conversion option to each of Messrs. Poilasne and Robson, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, for an aggregate principal of $500,000 (the “Nuvve Promissory Notes”). The principal amount of the Nuvve Promissory Notes included an aggregate original issue discount of $25,000, or 5.0%. In exchange for the Nuvve Promissory Notes, the holders paid us an aggregate purchase price of $475,000. Upon certain events of default, the holders of the Nuvve Promissory Notes had the option to convert any outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest under the Nuvve Promissory Notes into shares of our common stock, at an initial conversion price per share of $4.92. The Nuvve Promissory Notes accrued interest at a rate of 10.5% per annum, subject to an increase to 12.5% upon the occurrence of an event of default (as that term is defined in the Nuvve Promissory Notes), and had a maturity date of October 31, 2024.
October 2024 Notes and Warrant Issuance
On October 31, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited institutional and individual investors, pursuant to which we issued to the investors (i) an aggregate of $3,750,000.01 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes, carrying a 10% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,102,295 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $3.78 per share. The notes are convertible, at the option of the respective investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the notes outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $3.402 per share.
March 2025 AIR Notes and Warrant Issuance
On March 5, 2025, pursuant to certain investors’ exercise of additional investment rights under the Purchase Agreement, we issued to such investors (i) an aggregate of $1,666,666.67 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes, carrying a 10% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants to purchase an aggregate of 825,084 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $2.02 per share. The notes are convertible, at the option of the respective investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the notes outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $2.02 per share.
April 2025 AIR Notes and Warrant Issuance
On April 28, 2025, pursuant to certain investors’ exercise of additional investment rights under the Purchase Agreement, we issued to such investors (i) an aggregate of $1,444,444.44 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes, carrying a 10% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,748,513 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $0.8261 per share. The notes are convertible, at the option of the respective investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the notes outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.8261 per share.
Additional Information
The offer and sale by us of the foregoing securities, including the shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants described above, is being made in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The issuance of such securities has not been registered under the Securities Act and such shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
The sales and issuances of securities in the transactions described above were not registered under the Securities Act in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) thereof or Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates issued in these transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about us.
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Item 16. Exhibits.
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| * | Filed herewith. |
| ^ | Previously filed. |
| # | Filed by Newborn Acquisition Corp., the predecessor to the registrant. |
| † | Exhibits and/or schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally copies of any of the omitted exhibits and schedules upon request by the SEC; provided, however, that the registrant may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Exchange Act for any exhibits or schedules so furnished. Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by [***], has been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K because it is both (i) not material and (ii) the type of information that the registrant treats as private or confidential. |
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Item 17. Undertakings.
| (a) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); |
| (ii) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee Tables” or “Calculation of Registration Fee” table, as applicable, in the effective registration statement; and |
| (iii) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
provided, however, that: paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: |
| (i) | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
| (ii) | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
| (b) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (c) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, on April 30, 2025.
| NUVVE HOLDING CORP. | |||
| By: | /s/ Gregory Poilasne | ||
| Name: | Gregory Poilasne | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Gregory Poilasne | Chief Executive Officer and Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Gregory Poilasne | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| * | President, Chief Operating Officer, and Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Ted Smith | ||||
| /s/ David Robson | Chief Financial Officer | April 30, 2025 | ||
| David Robson | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| * | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Jon M. Montgomery | ||||
| * | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| H. David Sherman |
| * By: | /s/ Gregory Poilasne | |
| Gregory Poilasne | ||
| Attorney-in-fact |
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Exhibit 5.1
April 30, 2025
Nuvve Holding Corp.
2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230
San Diego, CA 92106
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Nuvve Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), covering the resale by the selling stockholders named therein (the “Selling Stockholders”) of up to 18,573,650 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), consisting of (i) up to 5,892,256 shares of Common Stock (the “Note Shares”) issuable upon the conversion of outstanding senior secured convertible promissory notes, and (iii) up to 12,681,394 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares” and together with the Note Shares, the “Shares”).
In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Registration Statement and related prospectus, the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated Bylaws, each as currently in effect, and such other documents, records, certificates, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below. In such examination, we have assumed: (i) the authenticity of original documents and the genuineness of all signatures; (ii) the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; (iii) the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations and warranties contained in the instruments, documents, certificates and records we have reviewed; (iv) that the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective under the Act and comply with all applicable laws and no stop order suspending the Registration Statement’s effectiveness will have been issued and remain in effect, in each case, at the time the Shares are offered and sold as contemplated by the Registration Statement; (v) that the Shares will be sold in compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement; (vi) at the time of the issuance of any Shares, the Company will be a validly existing corporation under the law of its jurisdiction of incorporation; (vii) after the issuance of the Shares, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of the Common Stock, together with the total number of shares of the Common Stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise, exchange or conversion, as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security, as the case may be, then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock under the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and then in effect; and (viii) the legal capacity of all natural persons. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein that were not independently established or verified, we have relied upon oral or written statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company.
On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that (i) the Shares have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable; and (ii) the Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued upon conversion or exercise in accordance with the respective terms of the senior secured convertible promissory notes and warrants, as applicable, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
The opinions expressed herein are limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and we express no opinion as to the effect on the matters covered by this letter of the laws of any other jurisdiction. The opinion expressed above is as of the date hereof only, and we express no opinion as to, and assume no responsibility for, the effect of any fact or circumstance occurring, or of which we learn, subsequent to the date of this opinion letter, including, without limitation, legislative and other changes in the law or changes in circumstances affecting any party. We assume no responsibility to update this opinion letter for, or to advise you of, any such facts or circumstances of which we become aware, regardless of whether or not they affect the opinion expressed in this opinion letter.
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement and to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission.
| Very truly yours, | |
| /s/ Baker & Hostetler LLP | |
| BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement No. 333-286407 on Form S-1 of our report dated March 31, 2025, relating to the financial statements of Nuvve Holding Corp., appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Nuvve Holding Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Diego, California
April 30, 2025