Preaxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc 10-Q for FY2023 Q1
Preaxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc. (PAXH)
About this 10-Q
Preaxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc filed this 10-Q on October 18, 2022, covering the quarter ended August 31, 2022 (FY2023 Q1).
Headline figures
Quarter ended August 31, 2022, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $0
- compared with $41 a year earlier
- Net loss
- $37.35K
- compared with a net loss of $41.53K a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended
or
For the transition period from __________ to ______________
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | [ ] | Accelerated filer | [ ] | |
| [X] | Smaller reporting company | |||
| Emerging growth company | [ ] | |
| 1 |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes [ ]
APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes [ ] No [ ]
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of October 17, 2022 the registrant had outstanding shares of Common Stock.
| 2 |
PREAXIA HEALTH CARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4 |
| ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 4 |
| ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 6 |
| ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 13 |
| ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 13 |
| PART II – OTHER INFORMATION | 13 |
| ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 13 |
| ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 13 |
| ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 13 |
| ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 13 |
| ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 14 |
| ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 14 |
| ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 14 |
| SIGNATURES | 15 |
| 3 |
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 210 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three-month period ended August 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2023. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Preaxia’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2022.
| Page | |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022 | F-1 |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 | F-2 |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 | F-3 |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 | F-4 |
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | F-5 |
| 4 |
| PREAXIA HEALTHCARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC. |
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS |
| (Unaudited) |
August 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities - related party | ||||||||
| Advances - related party | ||||||||
| Loans payable - shareholders | ||||||||
| Liability for unissued shares | ||||||||
| Promissory note - related party | ||||||||
| Convertible note payable - related party | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT | ||||||||
| Common Stock, $ par value, shares authorized shares issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $ | $ | ||||||
| See Accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||||
| F-1 |
| PREAXIA HEALTHCARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC. |
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS |
| (Unaudited) |
| Three months ended | ||||||||
August 31, 2022 | August 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||
| Consulting | 30,000 | 30,000 | ||||||
| Professional | ||||||||
| Office and administration | ||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss per share - basic and diluted | $ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (0.00 | ) | ||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and diluted | 19,767,698 | 19,767,698 | ||||||
| See Accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||||
| F-2 |
| PREAXIA HEALTHCARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC. |
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT |
| (Unaudited) |
| Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders' Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, May 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, August 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders' Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, May 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, August 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
See Accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
| F-3 |
| PREAXIA HEALTHCARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC. |
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS |
| (Unaudited) |
| Three months ended | ||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | August 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Change in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||
| Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities - related party | ||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||
| Increase in bank indebtedness | — | 244 | ||||||
| Advances - related party | ||||||||
| Repayment of advances - related party | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net change in cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash, beginning of the period | ||||||||
| Cash, end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| See Accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||||
| F-4 |
PREAXIA HEALTH CARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Three months Ended August 31, 2022
Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business
PreAxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc. (the “Company” or “PreAxia”) was incorporated on April 3, 2000 in the State of Nevada. On May 31, 2005, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Tiempo de Mexico Ltd. (“Tiempo”) in exchange for shares of the common stock of the Company with a par value of $. The Company had no operations prior to the date of the aforementioned acquisition.
The business objective of the Company is the development, distribution, marketing and sale of health care payment processing services and products. The Company has realized only nominal revenues from its planned operations.
The operations of the Company are expected to be primarily undertaken by its wholly-owned subsidiary, PreAxia Health Care Payment Ltd. (“PreAxia Payment”), incorporated pursuant to the laws of the Province of Alberta on November 26, 2015.
PreAxia Payment is in the process of developing an online access system creating a health spending account that will facilitate card payment and processing services to third-party administrators, insurance companies and others.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Regulation S-K. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of May 31, 2022 was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on September 29, 2022. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (i) PreAxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc., incorporated pursuant to the laws of the Province of Alberta on January 28, 2008 (ii) PreAxia Canada Inc., incorporated pursuant to the laws of the Province of Alberta on January 28, 2008 and (iii) PreAxia Health Care Payment Ltd., incorporated pursuant to the laws of the Province of Alberta on November 26, 2015 (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”). All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Going Concern
The accompanying unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the
realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. During the three months ended August 31,
2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $
| F-5 |
The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to develop additional sources of capital and to ultimately achieve profitable operations. Currently, the Company does not have significant cash or other material assets, nor does it have operations or a source of revenue sufficient to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern. The Company’s officers or principal shareholders have committed to making advances or loans to pay for certain legal, accounting, and administrative costs.
The Company hopes to be able to attract suitable investors for our business plan, which will not require us to use our cash. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in this situation. The Company is unable to predict the effect, if any, that the COVID-19 global pandemic may have on its access to the financing markets. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders, in the case of equity financing.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s knowledge of current events and actions that our company may undertake in the future, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar. The functional currency of the Subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are translated into United States dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and capital accounts are translated at historical rates. Income statement accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included in the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) account in stockholders’ deficit.
Transactions undertaken in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity are translated using the exchange rate in effect as of the transaction date. Any transaction exchange gains and losses are included in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company's reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. All transactions initiated in Canadian Dollars are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 830-30, "Translation of Financial Statements," as follows:
i) assets
and liabilities are translated at the closing rate at the date of the balance sheet of
ii) income
and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the three months ended August 31, 2022 of
iii) all resulting exchange differences are recognized as other comprehensive income, a separate component of equity. The exchange differences during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 were insignificant and no amounts have been recorded.
| F-6 |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Management uses a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
| - | Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. |
| - | Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. |
| - | Level 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. |
Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022. The carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization.
Net income (loss) per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company has shares of potential common stock equivalents for convertible note payable – related party outstanding during the periods ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, which have been excluded from the loss per share computation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to net losses.
Research and Development Costs
The Company expenses research and development
costs as incurred in accordance with FASB ASC 730 “Research and Development.” During the three months ended August 31, 2022
and 2021, we incurred $
Software Development Costs
The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with several accounting pronouncements, including FASB ASC 730, “Research and Development,” FASB ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software,” FASB 985-20, “Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed” and FASB ASC 350-50, “Website Development Costs.”
Costs incurred during the period of planning and design, prior to the period determining technological feasibility, for all software developed for use internal and external, has been charged to operations in the period incurred as research and development costs. Additionally, costs incurred after determination of readiness for market have been expensed as research and development.
The Company will capitalize certain costs in the development of our proprietary software (computer software to be sold, leased or licensed) for the period after technological feasibility was determined and prior to our marketing and initial sales.
| F-7 |
Website development costs are capitalized under the same criteria as our marketed software.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets such as property, equipment and identifiable intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. When required, impairment losses on assets to be held and used are recognized based on the fair value of the asset. The fair value is determined based on estimates of future cash flows, market value of similar assets, if available, or independent appraisals, if required. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the asset. When fair values are not available, the Company estimates fair value using the expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the recovery of the assets. We did not recognize any impairment losses for any periods presented.
Commitments and Contingencies
The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to report accounting for contingencies. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.
Revenue Recognition
In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. ASC 606 requires us to apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy the performance obligation.
Gross Versus Net Revenue
ASC 606 provides guidance on proper recognition of principal versus agent considerations which is used to determine gross versus net revenue recognition. Under ASC 606, the core objective of the guidance on gross versus net revenue recognition is to help determine whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a transaction. In general, the primary difference between these two is the performance obligation being satisfied. The principal has a performance obligation to provide the desired goods or services to the end customer, whereas the agent arranges for the principal to provide the desired goods or services. Additionally, a fundamental characteristic of a principal in a transaction is control. A principal substantively controls the goods and services before they are transferred to the customer as well as controls the price of the good or service being provided. An agent normally receives a commission or fee for these activities. In addition to control, the level at which an entity controls the price of the good or service being transferred determines principal versus agent status. The more discretion over setting price a company has in providing the good or service, the more likely they are considered a principal rather than an agent. Under the guidance when another party is involved in providing a good or service to a customer, an entity is a principal if the entity obtains control of the asset or right to a service performed by the other party.
The Company provides administrative services for Health Spending Accounts sponsored by employers (the “customer”). The Company does not take possession of goods or control the services provided as the employees of customer are free to determine their health care provider. As such, the Company records revenue net of reimbursements to employees. The Company’s services to the customer consist of reviewing medical costs for eligibility and reimbursing employees for eligible costs.
During the three months ended August 31, 2022 and
2021, the Company had revenue of $
| F-8 |
Income Taxes
The Company follows Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the fiscal year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the fiscal years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company follows section 740-10-25 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Section 740-10-25”) with regards to uncertain income tax positions. Section 740-10-25 addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under Section 740-10-25, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent (50%) likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Section 740-10-25 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures.
Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company reviews new accounting standards as issued or updated. No new standards or updates had any material effect on these consolidated financial statements. The accounting pronouncements issued subsequent to the date of these consolidated financial statements that were considered significant by management were evaluated for the potential effect on these consolidated financial statements. Management does not believe any of the subsequent pronouncements will have a material effect on these consolidated financial statements as presented.
Note 4 – Related Party Transactions
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities - Related Party
As of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022, accounts payable
and accrued liabilities – related party due to Tom Zapatinas totaled $
Advances – Related Party
As of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022, advances payable
due to Tom Zapatinas totaled $
Loans Payable – Shareholders
As of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022, loans payable
- shareholders are $
| F-9 |
Promissory Note – Related Party
As of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022, promissory
note - related party of $
Convertible Note Payable – Related Party
As of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022, convertible
note payable - related party of $
Note 5 – Stockholders’ Deficit
Common Stock
Common Stock, par value of $ per share; shares authorized: shares issued and outstanding at August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022. Holders of Common Stock have one vote per share of Common Stock held.
Note 6 – Contingencies and Commitments
From time to time the Company may be a party to litigation matters involving claims against the Company. Management believes that there are no current matters that would have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
The Company does not have long-term commitments for equipment purchases or leases. The Company does not lease office space as the CEO operates the business from his personal residence.
Note 7 – Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date these financial statements were issued and no subsequent events occurred that required disclosure.
| F-10 |
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “intends,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our or our industry's actual results, levels of activity or performance to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.
Such factors include, among others, the following: international, national and local general economic and market conditions; demographic changes; the ability of PreAxia to sustain, manage or forecast its growth; the ability of PreAxia to successfully make and integrate acquisitions; raw material costs and availability; new product development and introduction; existing government regulations and changes in, or failure to comply with government regulations; adverse publicity; competition; the loss of significant customers or suppliers; fluctuations and difficulty in forecasting operating results; changes in business strategy or development plans; business disruptions; the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the ability to protect technology; and other factors referenced in this and previous filings.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity or performance. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.
Given these uncertainties, readers of this Form 10-Q and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. PreAxia disclaims any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments, except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States.
All amounts stated herein are in US dollars unless otherwise indicated.
The management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended May 31, 2022, together with notes thereto. As used in this quarterly report, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “PreAxia” and the “Company” means PreAxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.
| 5 |
General Overview
Corporate Overview
PreAxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc. (the “Company” or “PreAxia”) was incorporated on April 3, 2000 in the State of Nevada.
The Company primarily undertakes its operations through its wholly-owned subsidiary, PreAxia Health Care Payment Limited (“PreAxia Payment”). PreAxia Payment was incorporated pursuant to the laws of the Province of Alberta on November 26, 2015.
General Overview
PreAxia Payment is a company which intends to deliver a comprehensive suite of solutions and services directed at the emerging health payment market, specifically the opportunities tied to the growth of health spending accounts (“HSA”). There is a rapid shift in healthcare traditional payment models to consumer-directed healthcare that is creating significant opportunities for financial services and insurance industries to deliver new dynamic products to this emerging market.
Spawned by the need to address escalating health care costs, changes in the regulatory environment and the growing consumer desire for greater participation in the management of their health benefits, the boundaries between health care and the financial services industries are becoming increasingly blurred. With the trend towards self-directed health payment solutions and the growing demand for faster, easier and more convenient benefit services, the insurance and benefits industries are banking on HSA medical payments being their next big growth conduit. Studies suggest that HSAs in the US reached $112.4 billion in assets in 2022 and 33.4 million consumers in 2021, an increase of 11% of assets over the prior period. The Canadian market for health benefits is estimated at more than $30 billion of which HSAs are estimated to have gain a 10% share. This, coupled with the continued growth of the Canadian group insurance industry, illustrates the emerging opportunity for innovative health payment services. We intend to initially launch our products in Canada. We believe that Canadian businesses are embracing a new healthcare financing vehicle to provide greater value to employees, increase profitability and get more return from their investment. We intend to provide them with services to capture this market opportunity.
Description of Health Spending Account (“HSA”)
An HSA is a uniquely designed account established exclusively and specifically for the purpose of health care spending. An employer deposits funds into a special account for the employee. These funds can be used to pay for eligible medical and related health care expenses for the employee and their dependents. HSAs provide employers and employees with greater control in both the amount of funds invested and how these funds are used.
Services and infrastructure provided by PreAxia enable organizations and individuals to eliminate all paper involved in the management of these accounts and benefit through savings in time and money.
The PreAxia platform for processing and managing accounts, including cardholder and customer account management, reconciliation and financial settlement, and customer reporting is fully operational.
Over time, the Company will evaluate opportunities for forms of virtual banking and PayPal-type services. One opportunity seen as particularly relevant to the health care market is to offer instant issuing services that enable corporations to issue and fund Pre-Paid Interac or credit card services to beneficiaries in real time. If implemented, the beneficiary will most likely select a personal identification number (“PIN”) using a PIN and card activation terminal, thus gaining instant access to funds that can be reloaded. This consideration would require development of software systems for the issuing of health payment cards and financial transaction processing services that would be fully managed by a data center.
Matching of consumers in need of health care products or services with providers is another area PreAxia intends to evaluate. Consumers managing their health care dollars through an online system will find convenience in seeking out health care professionals and services through the same system.
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Distribution Methods and Marketing Strategy
PreAxia operates on a Cloud Computing Platform that makes it accessible to anyone with a personal computer and Internet access. The preliminary market for PreAxia’s HSA Management Solution is small and medium sized companies that are not currently well served by the current group benefits model. The financial benefits of the PreAxia business model, however, are also relevant to larger employers and we believe that these larger employers will migrate to the PreAxia product over time.
PreAxia’s marketing strategy is to promote its existing platform direct to consumers and businesses, and to the groups that most need access to it; independent brokers, financial advisors and small to medium sized businesses. Brokers should see PreAxia as a superior method of promoting and supporting HSAs that allow them to earn above average commission rates on invested funds. Financial advisors should see PreAxia in a similar way as brokers except that there is the additional benefit of tax reduction. Small to medium sized businesses, which are expected to drive the growth in business, should see PreAxia as offering financial savings to the company and to employees by offering personal health care benefits through an HSA, along with the same conveniences they have come to expect from other services they currently utilize over the Internet. It is expected that the group benefits market will subsequently follow as they too realize the advantages of PreAxia over their current HSA offerings. PreAxia has begun and will continue to seek opportunities with lead customers and alliance partners to establish reference-able, high-profile implementations and market-leading, early-adopter firms for further developing innovative products and services. The Company intends to design solutions targeted towards corporate financial management, financial risk, audit management and cash management while targeting product/service management as a support to financial management.
We anticipate that the prime target for services will be small to medium sized organizations that are not adequately served by the current insurance and group benefits offerings. These organizations should realize significant benefits in both cost and time savings by utilization of PreAxia technology while providing their employees with an increased level of benefits.
PreAxia intends to achieve service volume and the associated economies of scale through marketing directly to select target customers that provide the necessary transaction volumes, through market specific channel partners and through an education based public relations strategy geared to the small to mid-sized employers including the brokers and financial advisors utilized by these businesses. The channel strategy is supported in the solution design, as multiple channel partners may require custom pricing and compensation.
It is our Company’s intention that brokers and financial advisors will aggressively promote their PreAxia supported HSA offerings due to the quality of product, higher margins and because of the non-competitive relationship with PreAxia.
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PreAxia has identified the following “channels” through which it will target prime end market customers:
| · Independent brokers that sell, or desire to sell, Health Spending Accounts |
| · Financial advisors who manage funds and advise on tax saving strategies for individuals and corporations |
| · Accountants and bookkeepers who regularly advise businesses on financial and operational matters |
| · Benefits managers/adjudicators, including insurance, health or outsourced government benefits processors that manage benefits disbursement |
| · Issuer banks, including partner banks that enable the issuance of Health Cards and/or sell insurance products |
| · Application providers, including software manufacturers selling into the target vertical markets |
| · Professional services, including consulting, development and implementation companies serving the target vertical markets |
PreAxia intends to establish several key customer reference accounts, channel marketing partners and technology alliances. These corporate relationships are relevant to advancing our company’s goals in 2021 and beyond for achieving a prime position in the Canadian marketplace and establishing a solid service foundation.
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Competitive Business Conditions and our Company’s Competitive Position in the Industry and Methods of Competition
PreAxia intends to offer a combination of products and services in its solution. However, there are other providers of components or versions of the Health Spending Accounts in the marketplace. Our approach is to provide a high value added and robust capability within specific target markets, rather than the “one size fits all” and mass volume approach of the larger companies in the Canadian and international market. This is consistent with the PreAxia platform which has been designed for expansion in the United States and internationally. The following are some of the leading providers of products and services that are or may be potential competitors in PreAxia’s target markets:
| · | Benecaid has become a leading provider of Health Spending Accounts in Canada by offering an easy to understand product through brokers and also directly through the company. |
| · | Olympia Benefits has become a leading provider of Health Spending Accounts in Canada by offering a “Cost Plus” version of HSAs that has become popular in the marketplace. |
| · | QuickCard is a provider of Health Spending Accounts and group insurance products. They are partially differentiated from competitors by virtue of a “credit type card” that is used to pay for qualified health products and services. |
| · | League, which operates in Canada and the US, offers a range of health benefit services including Health Spending Accounts. |
| · | Most major insurance companies offer some version of HSAs to their customers. |
| · | Many brokers have created HSA products for their clients. |
| · | Many accounting and financial services firms have created their own HSA products to offer to their clients. |
US and International Markets
| · | HealthEquity, a publicly listed company offering HSAs in the USA, manages over $15 billion in deposits. It is one of the largest dedicated health account custodians in the USA and serves more than 12 million accounts owned by individuals at more than 24,000 companies across the country. |
| · | HSA Bank, a division of Webster Bank, offers Health Spending Accounts and related offerings to the consumer-directed healthcare industry. |
| · | Fidelity Investments offers a Health Spending Account to businesses as a means of controlling costs while providing employee health benefits. |
Intellectual Property and Patent Protection
At present, PreAxia does not have any pending or registered patents or any trademarks.
Research and Development
For the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred $3,271 and $2,081, respectively, in research and development expenses.
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Employees
PreAxia has one full-time consultant, our President, Mr. Tom Zapatinas, effective September 1, 2011. We anticipate that we will hire additional key staff throughout 2022 and 2023 in areas of administration/accounting, business development, operations, sales/marketing and research/development.
Plan of Operation
Over the next twelve months, we plan to:
| (a) | Raise additional capital to execute our business plans; | |
| (b) | Penetrate the health care processing markets in Canada, the United States and worldwide, by continuing to develop innovative health care processing products and services; | |
| (c) | Build up a network of strategic alliances with several types of health insurance companies, governments and other alliances in various vertical markets, and; | |
| (d) | Fill the positions of senior management sales, administrative and engineering positions. |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of August 31, 2022, PreAxia’s cash balance was $200 compared to $259 as of May 31, 2022. Our Company will be required to raise capital to fund our operations. PreAxia had a working capital deficit of $2,177,811 as of August 31, 2022 compared with a working capital deficit of $2,140,464 as of May 31, 2022.
Our ability to meet our financial liabilities and commitments is primarily dependent upon the continued issuance of equity to new stockholders and our ability to achieve and maintain profitable operations. PreAxia's cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to meet its working capital requirements for the next twelve-month period. We will not initially have any cash flow from operating activities as we are in the startup stage. We project that we will require an estimated $2,800,000 over the next twelve-month period to fund our working capital deficit of approximately $2,100,000 plus an additional $700,000 to complete our business plan. The Company plans to raise the capital required to satisfy our immediate short-term needs and additional capital required to meet our estimated funding requirements for the next twelve months primarily through the private placement of our equity securities or by way of loans or such other means as PreAxia may determine.
There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain funds required for our continued operations. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain the additional financing on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our other obligations as they become due and we will be forced to scale down or perhaps even cease the operation of our business.
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as the continuation of our business is dependent upon obtaining further long-term financing, successful and sufficient market acceptance of our products and achieving a profitable level of operations. The Company hopes to be able to attract suitable investors for our business plan, which will not require us to use our cash. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in this situation. The Company is unable to predict the effect, if any, that the coronavirus COVID-19 global pandemic may have on its access to the financing markets. The issuance of additional equity securities by us could result in a significant dilution in the equity interests of our current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase our liabilities and future cash commitments.
Our working capital (deficit) as of August 31, 2022 and May 31, 2022 is summarized as follows:
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Working Capital
August 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Current Assets | $ | 200 | $ | 259 | ||||
| Current Liabilities | (2,178,011 | ) | (2,140,723 | ) | ||||
| Working Capital (Deficit) | $ | (2,177,811 | ) | $ | (2,140,464 | ) | ||
The increase in our working capital deficit of $37,347 was primarily due to increases in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related party of $30,000 and Advances – related party of $13,230.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to stockholders.
Results of Operations – Three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
The following summary of our results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three ended August 31, 2022.
For the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
Our operating results for the three months ended August 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended August 31, 2021 are described below:
Revenue
During the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had revenue of $0 and $41, respectively. The Company earns a 10% commission on amounts reimbursed for eligible expenses.
Expenses
Our total expenses for the three months ended August 31, 2022 was $37,347 compared to $41,573 for the year ended August 31, 2021. The decrease in total expenses of $4,226 for the three months ending August 31, 2022 is due to an increase in research and development of $1,190, a decrease in professional fees of $5,376 and a decrease of $40 in office and administration fees.
Consulting Fees
During each of the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, Tom Zapatinas, the Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company, earned $30,000 for consulting services provided to the Company, which is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related party.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses during the three months ended August 31, 2022 increased by $1,190 to $3,271, as compared to $2,081 during the three months ended August 31, 2021.
Wages and Benefits
There were no wages and benefits during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021.
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Office and Administration
Office and administration expenses decreased by $40 for the three months ended August 31, 2022 due to a decrease in office supply expense and filing fees.
Professional Fees
Professional fees during the three months ended August 31, 2022 decreased by $5,376 to $2,500, as compared to $7,876 during the three months ended August 31, 2021, due to a significant portion of the 2022 annual financial statement audit being completed in September 2022.
Interest Expense
Interest expense is $0 for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 because accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related party, convertible note payable – related party and loans payable – shareholders are non-interest bearing.
Critical Accounting Policies
We have identified certain accounting policies, described below, that are the most important to the portrayal of our current financial condition and results of operations. Please refer to Note 2 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for a full and complete disclosure of our accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. ASC 606 requires us to apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy the performance obligation.
Gross Versus Net Revenue
ASC 606 provides guidance on proper recognition of principal versus agent considerations which is used to determine gross versus net revenue recognition. Under ASC 606, the core objective of the guidance on gross versus net revenue recognition is to help determine whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a transaction. In general, the primary difference between these two is the performance obligation being satisfied. The principal has a performance obligation to provide the desired goods or services to the end customer, whereas the agent arranges for the principal to provide the desired goods or services. Additionally, a fundamental characteristic of a principal in a transaction is control. A principal substantively controls the goods and services before they are transferred to the customer as well as controls the price of the good or service being provided. An agent normally receives a commission or fee for these activities. In addition to control, the level at which an entity controls the price of the good or service being transferred determines principal versus agent status. The more discretion over setting price a company has in providing the good or service, the more likely they are considered a principal rather than an agent. Under the guidance when another party is involved in providing a good or service to a customer, an entity is a principal if the entity obtains control of the asset or right to a service performed by the other party.
The Company provides administrative services for Health Spending Accounts sponsored by employers (the “customer”). The Company does not take possession of goods or control the services provided as the employees of customer are free to determine their health care provider. As such, the Company records revenue net of reimbursements to employees. The Company’s services to the customer consist of reviewing medical costs for eligibility and reimbursing employees for eligible costs.
Software Development Costs
The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with several accounting pronouncements, including FASB ASC 730, “Research and Development,” FASB ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software,” FASB 985-20, “Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed” and FASB ASC 350-50, “Website Development Costs.”
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Costs incurred during the period of planning and design, prior to the period determining technological feasibility, for all software developed for use internal and external, has been charged to operations in the period incurred as research and development costs. Additionally, costs incurred after determination of readiness for market have been expensed as research and development.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of August 31, 2022, the disclosure controls and procedures, based on the Framework of Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) 2013, were not effective.
Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended August 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We know of no material pending legal proceedings to which our company or subsidiary is a party or of which any of our property is the subject. In addition, we do not know of any such proceedings contemplated by any governmental authorities.
We know of no material proceedings in which any director, officer or affiliate of our company, or any registered or beneficial stockholder of our company, or any associate of any such director, officer, affiliate, or stockholder is a party adverse to our company or subsidiary or has a material interest adverse to our company or subsidiary.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
* Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
PREAXIA HEALTH CARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS INC.
By: /s/Tom Zapatinas
Name: Tom Zapatinas
Title: President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
Date: October 17, 2022
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EXHIBIT 31.1
RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION
I, Tom Zapatinas, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2022 of PreAxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
October 17, 2022
| /s/ Tom Zapatinas | |
| Tom Zapatinas, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | |
| (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
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EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of PreAxia Health Care Payment Systems Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Tom Zapatinas, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350, as adopted pursuant to SS. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
| October 17, 2022 | /s/ Tom Zapatinas |
|
Tom Zapatinas, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) | |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
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