Pure Bioscience, Inc 10-Q for FY2022 Q2
Pure Bioscience, Inc. (PURE)
About this 10-Q
Pure Bioscience, Inc filed this 10-Q on March 15, 2022, covering the quarter ended January 31, 2022 (FY2022 Q2).
Headline figures
Quarter ended January 31, 2022, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $415K
- down 52.2% from $868K a year earlier
- Net loss
- $702K
- compared with a net loss of $595K a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR
THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission
File Number
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐
As of March 15, 2022, there were shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.
PURE Bioscience, Inc.
Form 10-Q
for the Quarterly Period Ended January 31, 2022
Table of Contents
| Page | ||
| PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3 |
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17 |
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 24 |
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 25 |
| PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 26 |
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 26 |
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 27 |
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 27 |
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 27 |
| Item 5. | Other Information | 27 |
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 28 |
| Signatures | 29 |
| 2 |
Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
PURE Bioscience, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
| January 31, 2022 | July 31, 2021 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Patents, net | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Loan payable | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | - | - | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ par value: shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value: shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2022, and shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes.
| 3 |
PURE Bioscience, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended | Three months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| January 31, | January 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Net product sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Royalty revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income (expense) | ||||||||||||||||
| Gain on extinguishment of indebtedness, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
| 4 |
PURE Bioscience, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended January 31, 2022 | Six Months Ended January 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at beginning of period | 87,223,141 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | 87,072,951 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - stock options | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options | — | 150,190 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units | 650,000 | ( | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at end of period (Unaudited) | 87,873,141 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | 87,223,141 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at end of period (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended January 31, 2022 | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at beginning of period (Unaudited) | 87,873,141 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | 87,072,951 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at beginning of period (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - stock options | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options | — |
150,190 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options |
| ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at end of period (Unaudited) | 87,873,141 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | 87,223,141 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at end of period (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
| 5 |
PURE Bioscience, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
| January 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Gain on extinguishment of indebtedness | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Investing activities | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes.
| 6 |
PURE Bioscience, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
For the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of PURE Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the quarter ended January 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2022. The July 31, 2021 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2021 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 28, 2021.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Liquidity and Going Concern
We
have a history of recurring losses, and as of January 31, 2022 we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $
Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.
Until we can continually generate positive cash flow from operations, we will need to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot ensure that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business.
| 7 |
3. Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
We account for revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:
| 1. | Identify the contract with the customer | |
| 2. | Identify the performance obligations in the contract | |
| 3. | Determine the transaction price | |
| 4. | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract | |
| 5. | Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied |
Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid.
Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.
Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.
Our direct customer and distributor sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.
Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.
We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
A summary of our revenue by product type for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
Summary of Revenue by Product
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| January 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| PURE Hard Surface | $ | $ | ||||||
| SILVÉRION | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
A summary of our revenue by product type for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| January 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| PURE Hard Surface | $ | $ | ||||||
| SILVÉRION | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Variable Consideration
We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.
| 8 |
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, and the disclosures made in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts, inventory obsolescence, depreciable lives of property and equipment, analysis of impairments of recorded long-term tangible and intangible assets, realization of deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities and assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services.
Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of January 31, 2022 and 2021, stock options, warrants and shares issuable under restricted stock unit awards of and , respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding.
| January 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Common stock option | ||||||||
| Restricted stock units | ||||||||
| Warrants | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.
Inventories consist of the following:
Schedule of Inventories
January 31, 2022 | July 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Raw materials | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| 9 |
Share-Based Compensation
We periodically issue stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. We account for such grants issued and vesting to employees based on ASC 718, whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period.
We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.
Concentrations
Gross
product sales. For the three months ended January 31, 2022, two customers accounted for
Accounts
receivable. As of January 31, 2022, we had accounts receivable from three customers that comprised of
Purchases.
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, one vendor accounted for
Accounts
payable. As of January 31, 2022, our largest vendor accounted for
Segments
We operate in one segment for the manufacture and distribution of our products. In accordance with the “Segment Reporting” Topic of the ASC, our chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer and President, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. Existing guidance, which is based on a management approach to segment reporting, establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products and services, major customers, and the countries in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. All material operating units qualify for aggregation under “Segment Reporting” due to their similar customer base and similarities in: economic characteristics; nature of products and services; and procurement, manufacturing and distribution processes. Since the Company operates in one segment, all financial information required by “Segment Reporting” can be found in the accompanying financial statements
| 10 |
4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”). The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets, including accounts and notes receivable. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model , under which companies will recognize allowances based on expected rather than incurred losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. As small business filer, the standard will be effective for us for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 (“ASU 2020-06”) “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity.” ASU 2020-06 will simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. Limiting the accounting models will result in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current GAAP. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting and (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in capital. ASU 2020-06 also amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. ASU 2020-06 will be effective January 1, 2024, for the Company. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than January 1, 2021, including interim periods within that year. Management is currently evaluating the effect of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on the consolidated financial statements, but currently does not believe ASU 2020-06 will have a significant impact on the Company’s accounting.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity elects to early adopt ASU 2021-04 in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
| 11 |
Recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
5. Debt
Receipt of CARES funding
In
April 2021, we were funded $
During
the six months ended January 31, 2022, we applied and received loan forgiveness under the provisions of the CARES Act for the entire
$
6. Stockholders’ Equity
| 12 |
Restricted Stock Units
The Company issues restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) to key management and as compensation for services to consultants and others. The RSUs typically vest over a two-year period and carry a ten-year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. The Company determines that fair value of those awards at the date of grant, and amortizes those awards as an expense over the vesting period of the award. The shares earned under the grant are usually issued when the award settles at the end of the term.
On October 4, 2018, the Board of Directors appointed Tom Myers as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. In connection with Mr. Myers appointment, the Board agreed to grant him RSUs upon the achievement by the Company of profitability for a fiscal quarter, after which such RSUs shall vest annually over the following three years. In May 2020, the RSUs were formally granted to Mr. Myers due to the Company’s profitable April 30, 2020 fiscal quarter. During the six months ended January 31, 2022 there were no Restricted Stock Units granted.
As of July 31, 2021, the Company had granted RSU’s of which had vested. As of July 31, 2021, RSU’s with a fair value of $, remained unvested. None of the shares vested under the RSUs had been issued as of July 31, 2021.
During the periods ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $ of compensation cost relating to RSU’s previously granted to Mr. Tom Myers, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer, which are being amortized over their vesting term. As of January 31, 2022, there was $ of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to the remaining RSUs we expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of years.
During the six months ended January 31, 2022, RSUs were issued and delivered. Of the RSUs outstanding as of January 31, 2022, RSUs are vested and issuable. These RSUs are issued upon settlement date which is defined as “for each Vested Unit, the earliest of (i) the ten-year anniversary of the Grant Date; (ii) sixty days after the date the Grantee’s Service ceases for any reason and such cessation constitutes a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code; (iii) the date of Grantee’s death or (iv) the date of a Change in Control that constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code”.
Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity
| Total RSU Shares | Vested and Issuable | |||||||
| Outstanding at July 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Issued | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Outstanding at January 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| 13 |
Stock Option Plans
2007 Equity Incentive Plan
In February 2016, we amended and restated our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, the (“2007 Plan”), to, among other changes, increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2007 Plan by shares and extend the term of the 2007 Plan until . The 2007 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a -year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of January 31, 2022, there were approximately shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan.
2017 Equity Incentive Plan
In January 2021, we amended and restated our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, the (“2017 Plan”), to, among other changes, increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2017 Plan by shares and extend the term of the 2007 Plan until January 2031. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a -year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of January 31, 2022, there were approximately shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.
During the six months ended January 31, 2022, we authorized the issuance of stock options to a new employees. The options have a fair value of $ as determined by the Black Scholes option pricing model, vest between and and carry a term. During the six months ended January 31, 2021, we authorized the issuance of stock options to a consultant with a fair value of $ as determined by the Black Scholes option pricing model. The options vest quarterly over and carry a term.
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
| Shares | Weighted- Price | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at July 31, 2021 | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||
| Exercised | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Cancelled | ( | ) | $ | — | ||||||||
| Outstanding at January 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ||||||||||
The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding at January 31, 2022 was years.
| 14 |
At January 31, 2022, options to purchase shares of common stock were exercisable. These options had a weighted-average exercise price of $ and a weighted average remaining contractual term of years. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants as of January 31, 2022 was approximately $ and the weighted average period over which these grants are expected to vest is years.
For the six months ended January 31, 2022 share-based compensation expense for stock options that vested during the period was $. For the six months ended January 31, 2021 share-based compensation expense for stock options that vested during the period was $.
We use the Black-Scholes valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions:
Three Months Ended January 31, 2022 | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | Six Months Ended January 31, 2022 | Six Months Ended January 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Volatility | % | % | % | . | % | |||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Expected life | years | years | years | years | ||||||||||||
Volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. Volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility.
The risk-free interest rates used in the Black-Scholes calculations are based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve.
We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we have assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of our share-based compensation.
The expected life of options was estimated using the average between the contractual term and the vesting term of the options.
7. Related Party Transactions
As
of January 31, 2022 and January 31, 2021, accounts payable include $
| 15 |
8. Commitments and Contingencies
COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe disruptions in general economic activities, as businesses and federal, state, and local governments take increasingly broad actions to mitigate this public health crisis. While we have experienced some delays related to final third-party validation of certain of our products and product rollouts by customers using PURE Control, we have not experienced a material disruption to our business. In addition, we previously benefited from increased demand from our customers for our PURE Hard Surface product due to a focus on surface disinfecting in response to attempting to prevent COVID-19 transmission. We subsequently experienced an abatement in such demand and cannot assure you that demand will stabilize. Additionally, we are beginning to experience supply chain issues with our various plastic packaging configurations and citric acid. Further, on a go-forward basis, we cannot guarantee the overall economic conditions will not affect our business, as these conditions may significantly negatively impact all aspects of our business. Our business is dependent on the continued health and productivity of our employees, including our sales staff and corporate management team.
Additionally, our liquidity could be negatively impacted if these conditions continue for a significant period of time and we may be required to pursue additional sources of financing to obtain working capital, maintain appropriate inventory levels, and meet our financial obligations. Currently, capital and credit markets have been disrupted by the crisis and our ability to obtain any required financing is not guaranteed and largely dependent upon evolving market conditions and other factors. Depending on the continued impact of the crisis, further actions may be required to improve our cash position and capital structure.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic ultimately impacts our business, sales, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions resume and, more specifically, the effect it has on our customers and suppliers. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience significant impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any economic downturn or recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.
| 16 |
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
All references in this Item 2 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report to “PURE,” “we”, “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O, Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
The discussion in this section contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “would” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause our actual results to differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. Several risks and uncertainties we face are discussed in more detail under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report or in the discussion and analysis below. You should, however, understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risks and uncertainties and you should not consider the risks and uncertainties identified by us to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties that could materially affect us. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements we make herein because some or all of them may turn out to be wrong. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events and developments, except as required by law. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
We are focused on developing and commercializing proprietary antimicrobial products that provide safe and cost-effective solutions to the health and environmental challenges of pathogen and hygienic control. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. As a platform technology, we believe SDC is distinguished from existing products in the marketplace because of its superior efficacy, reduced toxicity, non-causticity and the inability of bacteria to form a resistance to it.
We believe there is a significant market opportunity for our safe, non-toxic, non-caustic and effective SDC-based solutions. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid. In addition to our direct sales efforts with PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we market and sell our SDC-based products indirectly through third-party distributors supporting various industries.
| 17 |
Business Strategy
Our goal is to become a sustainable company by commercializing the SDC-based products we have developed with our proprietary technology platform. We are focused on delivering leading antimicrobial products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. Key aspects of our business strategy include:
| ● | Expanding sales and distribution for our products into the food industry with a focus on a dual track of food safety market opportunities: |
| ● | Hard Surface Disinfectant - commercializing our current EPA registered PURE Hard Surface disinfectant and sanitizer for use in foodservice operations, food manufacturing and food transportation. | ||
| ● | Direct Food Contact - commercializing FDA approved PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for fresh produce; commercializing FDA approved PURE Control as a food processing and intervention aid for food processors treating raw poultry in pre and post on-line reprocessing. |
| ● | Continuing to grow and establish new strategic alliances to maximize the commercial potential of our technology platform; | |
| ● | Continuing to partner with third parties who are seeking, or intend to seek, approvals to market SDC-based products in markets outside the U.S. | |
| ● | Developing additional proprietary products and applications; and | |
| ● | Protecting and enhancing our intellectual property. |
In addition to our current products addressing food safety, we intend to leverage our technology platform through licensing and distribution collaborations in order to develop new products and enter into new markets that could potentially generate multiple sources of revenue.
Financial Overview
This financial overview provides a general description of our revenue and expenses.
Net Product Sales
We contract manufacture and sell SDC-based products for end use, and as a raw material for manufacturing use. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Any amounts received prior to satisfying revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue. See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Revenue Recognition”.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for product sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture products, including materials consumed, manufacturing overhead, shipping costs, salaries, benefits, reserved inventory, and related expenses of operations. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.
| 18 |
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in business development, sales, finance, accounting, information technology, and executive functions. Other selling, general and administrative costs include product marketing, advertising, and trade show costs, as well as public relations and investor relations, facility costs, and legal, accounting and other professional fees.
Research and Development
Our research and development activities are focused on leveraging our technology platform to develop additional proprietary products and applications. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel and related costs, product registration expenses, and third-party testing. We expense research and development costs as incurred.
Other Income (Expense)
We record interest income, interest expense, the change in derivative liabilities, as well as other non-operating transactions, as other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations.
COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe disruptions in general economic activities, as businesses and federal, state, and local governments take increasingly broad actions to mitigate this public health crisis. While we have experienced some delays related to final third-party validation of certain of our products and product rollouts by customers using PURE Control, we have not experienced a material disruption to our business. In addition, we previously benefited from increased demand from our customers for our PURE Hard Surface product due to a focus on surface disinfecting in response to attempting to prevent COVID-19 transmission. We subsequently experienced an abatement in such demand and cannot assure you that demand will stabilize. Additionally, we are beginning to experience supply chain issues with our various plastic packaging configurations and citric acid. Further, on a go-forward basis, we cannot guarantee the overall economic conditions will not affect our business, as these conditions may significantly negatively impact all aspects of our business. Our business is dependent on the continued health and productivity of our employees, including our sales staff and corporate management team.
Additionally, our liquidity could be negatively impacted if these conditions continue for a significant period of time and we may be required to pursue additional sources of financing to obtain working capital, maintain appropriate inventory levels, and meet our financial obligations. Currently, capital and credit markets have been disrupted by the crisis and our ability to obtain any required financing is not guaranteed and largely dependent upon evolving market conditions and other factors. Depending on the continued impact of the crisis, further actions may be required to improve our cash position and capital structure.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic ultimately impacts our business, sales, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions resume and, more specifically, the effect it has on our customers and suppliers. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience significant impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any economic downturn or recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.
| 19 |
Results of Operations
Fluctuations in Operating Results
Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our results of operations will be affected for the foreseeable future by several factors that may contribute to these periodic fluctuations, including fluctuations in the buying patterns of our current or potential customers for which we have no visibility, the mix of product sales including a change in the percentage of higher or lower margin formulations and packaging configurations of our products, the cost of product sales including component costs, our inability for any reason to be able to meet demand, the achievement and timing of research and development and regulatory milestones, unforeseen changes in expenses, including non-cash expenses such as the fair value of equity awards granted and the fair value change of derivative liabilities, the calculation of which includes several variable assumptions, and unforeseen manufacturing or supply issues, among other issues. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a reliable indication of our future performance. As of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any trends in these factors or events or conditions that we believe are reasonably likely to impact our results of operations in the future.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended January 31, 2022 and 2021
Net Product Sales
Net product sales were $415,000 and $868,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the second quarter of the prior year the Company experienced a significant increase in sales due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no such increase during the current period. As a result, our quarter-over-quarter product revenue decreased by $453,000. The decrease was attributable to decreased sales across our distribution network servicing the food processing, transportation and janitorial industry. Our top three customers accounted for $166,000 of net product sales for the three months ended January 31, 2022.
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, two customers accounted for 14% of net product sales, while two additional customers accounted for 13% and 10% of net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
For the three months ended January 31, 2021, three individual customers accounted for 15%, 14% and 12% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
During the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $1,000 and $48,000 in royalties from a nonexclusive third-party distributor, respectively.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold was $182,000 and $363,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease of $181,000 was primarily attributable to decreased product sales.
Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, was 56% and 58% for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to the sale of higher margin formulations and packaging configurations of our products during the quarter ended January 31, 2021, as compared with the prior period.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense was $1,093,000 and $1,054,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase of $39,000 was primarily attributable to increased personnel costs, facilities expenses, as well as, increased board fees. These increases were partially offset by decreased professional service costs and legal fees.
Share-based compensation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expense, was $180,000 and $241,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease of $61,000 is primarily due to the prior year vesting of stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees, directors and consultants supporting our selling, general and administrative functions.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense, primarily consisting of third-party fees and personnel costs, was $81,000 and $93,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease of $12,000 was due to a reduction in third-party fees.
Other Income (Expense)
In April 2021, we were funded $239,000 under the Payroll Protection Program (“PPP”) through California Bank and Trust. The PPP was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. During the three months ended January 31, 2022, we received loan forgiveness under the provisions of the CARES Act for the entire $239,000 loan. This amount was recorded as a gain on extinguishment of indebtedness on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the three months ended January 31, 2022.
| 20 |
Comparison of the Six Months Ended January 31, 2022 and 2021
Net Product Sales
Net product sales were $912,000 and $2,285,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the prior year the Company experienced a significant increase in sales due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no such increase during the current period. As a result, our comparable six month product revenue decreased by $1,373,000. The decrease was attributable to decreased sales across our distribution network servicing the food processing, transportation and janitorial industry. Our top three customers accounted for $396,000 of net product sales for the three months ended January 31, 2022.
For the six months ended January 31, 2022, three individual customers accounted for 18%, 13% and 11% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
For the six months ended January 31, 2021, two individual customers accounted for 20% and 11% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
During the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $5,000 and $222,000 in royalties from a nonexclusive third-party distributor, respectively.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold was $354,000 and $1,004,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease of $650,000 was primarily attributable to increased product sales.
Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, was 61% and 56% for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to the sale of higher margin formulations and packaging configurations of our products during the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared with the prior period.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense was $2,150,000 and $2,100,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase of $50,000 was primarily attributable to increased personnel costs, facilities expenses, as well as, increased board fees. These increases were partially offset by decreased professional service costs and legal fees.
Share-based compensation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expense, was $370,000 and $470,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease of $100,000 is primarily due to the prior year vesting of stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees, directors and consultants supporting our selling, general and administrative functions.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense was $148,000 and $176,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease of $28,000 was due to a reduction in third-party fees.
Other Income (Expense)
In April 2021, we were funded $239,000 under the Payroll Protection Program (“PPP”) through California Bank and Trust. The PPP was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. During the six months ended January 31, 2022, we received loan forgiveness under the provisions of the CARES Act for the entire $239,000 loan. This amount was recorded as a gain on extinguishment of indebtedness on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the six months ended January 31, 2022
| 21 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of January 31, 2022, we had $1,131,000 in cash and cash equivalents compared with $2,390,000 in cash and cash equivalents as of July 31, 2021. The net decrease in cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributable to the use of cash to fund our operations and investments in property, plant and equipment. Additionally, as of January 31, 2022, we had $584,000 of current liabilities, including $425,000 in accounts payable, compared with $970,000 of current liabilities, including $593,000 in accounts payable as of July 31, 2021. The net decrease in current liabilities was primarily due to trade payables due to our contract manufacture and the forgiveness of the PPP Loan discussed above.
We have a history of recurring losses, and as of January 31, 2022 we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $127,291,000. During the six months ended January 31, 2022, we recorded a net loss of $1,498,000 on recorded net revenue of $917,000. In addition, during the six months ended January 31, 2022 we used $1,259,000 in operating and investing activities resulting in a cash balance of $1,131,000 as of January 31, 2022. Our history of recurring operating losses, and negative cash flows from operating activities give rise to substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from our possible inability to continue as a going concern.
Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.
Until we can continually generate positive cash flow from operations, we will need to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
In addition, the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether. Our financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.
| 22 |
We believe the following accounting policies and estimates are critical to aid you in understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:
| 1. | Identify the contract with the customer | |
| 2. | Identify the performance obligations in the contract | |
| 3. | Determine the transaction price | |
| 4. | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract | |
| 5. | Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied |
Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid.
Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.
Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.
Our direct customer and distributor sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.
Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.
We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
We do not allow for returns, except for damaged products when the damage occurred pre-fulfillment. Damaged product returns have historically been insignificant. Because of this, the stand-alone nature of our products, and our assessment of performance obligations and transaction pricing for our sales contracts, we do not currently maintain a contract asset or liability balance for obligations. We assess our contracts and the reasonableness of our conclusions on a quarterly basis.
The Company’s licensing contracts typically provide for royalties based on the licensee’s sales of various configurations of PURE Hard Surface. The Company records its royalty revenue in the month in which the licensee sold our products to end users. Payments are generally received in the subsequent month.
Variable Consideration
We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.
| 23 |
Share-Based Compensation
We grant equity-based awards under share-based compensation plans or stand-alone contracts. We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This fair value is then amortized over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures. Changes in assumptions used under the Black-Scholes option valuation model could materially affect our net loss and net loss per share.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and as provided in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.
| 24 |
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on the foregoing evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, concluded that there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the six months ended January 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
| 25 |
PART II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The impact and outcome of litigation, if any, is subject to inherent uncertainties, and any adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that could harm our business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims to which we or our wholly owned subsidiary is a party or of which any of our property is subject that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In evaluating us and our common stock, we urge you to carefully consider the risks and other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the risk factor included below, as well as the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, which we filed with the SEC on October 28, 2021 (the “Form 10-K”). Other than the risk factor included below, the risks and uncertainties described in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K have not materially changed. Any of the risks discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the risk factor included below, or any of the risks disclosed in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
As a result of our historical lack of financial liquidity, we do not currently have sufficient working capital to fund our planned operations and may not be able to continue as a going concern.
We have a history of recurring losses, and as of January 31, 2022 we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $127,291,000. During the six months ended January 31, 2022, we recorded a net loss of $1,498,000 on recorded net revenue of $917,000. In addition, during the six months ended January 31, 2022 we used $1,259,000 in operating and investing activities resulting in a cash balance of $1,131,000 as of January 31, 2022. As a result, our existing cash resources are not sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof, and we will need to raise additional capital to continue our operations and to implement our business plan, which capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among others:
| ● | the market acceptance of, and demand for, our products; | |
| ● | the timing and costs of executing our sales and marketing strategies; | |
| ● | our ability to successfully complete the in-plant validation trials requested by potential customers and our ability to convert these trials into customer orders for our products; | |
| ● | the costs and time required to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for our products, including the required USDA approvals: | |
| ● | the extent to which we invest in new testing and product development, including in-plant optimization trials; | |
| ● | the extent to which our customers continue to place product orders as expected and expand their existing use of our products; | |
| ● | the cost and time to satisfy unique customer requirements regarding validation trials or to support the value proposition and benefits of our products; | |
| ● | the timing of vendor payments and the collection of receivables, among other factors affecting our working capital; | |
| ● | our ability to control the timing and amount of our operating expenses, including the costs to attract and retain personnel with the skills required to implement our business plan; and | |
| ● | the costs to file, prosecute and defend our intellectual property rights. |
| 26 |
The above factors, along with our history and near term forecast of incurring net losses and negative operating cash flows, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we do not obtain additional capital from external sources, we will not have sufficient working capital to fund our planned operations or be able to continue as a going concern. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, we can obtain financing on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.
The currently evolving situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe disruptions in general economic activities, as businesses and federal, state, and local governments take increasingly broad actions to mitigate this public health crisis. While we have experienced some delays related to final third-party validation of certain of our products and product rollouts by customers using PURE Control, we have not experienced a material disruption to our business. In addition, we previously benefited from increased demand from our customers for our PURE Hard Surface product due to a focus on surface disinfecting in response to attempting to prevent COVID-19 transmission. We subsequently experienced an abatement in such demand and cannot assure you that demand will stabilize. Additionally, we are beginning to experience supply chain issues with our various plastic packaging configurations and citric acid. Further, on a go-forward basis, we cannot guarantee the overall economic conditions will not affect our business, as these conditions may significantly negatively impact all aspects of our business. Our business is dependent on the continued health and productivity of our employees, including our sales staff and corporate management team.
Additionally, our liquidity could be negatively impacted if these conditions continue for a significant period of time and we may be required to pursue additional sources of financing to obtain working capital, maintain appropriate inventory levels, and meet our financial obligations. Currently, capital and credit markets have been disrupted by the crisis and our ability to obtain any required financing is not guaranteed and largely dependent upon evolving market conditions and other factors. Depending on the continued impact of the crisis, further actions may be required to improve our cash position and capital structure.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic ultimately impacts our business, sales, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions resume and, more specifically, the effect it has on our customers and suppliers. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience significant impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any economic downturn or recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
| 27 |
Item 6. Exhibits
The following Exhibits are filed as part of this report pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K:
| * | Filed herewith. |
| 28 |
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC. | ||
| Date: March 15, 2022 | By: | /s/ TOM Y. LEE |
Tom Y. Lee, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: March 15, 2022 | By: | /s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT |
| Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance | ||
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||
| 29 |
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Tom Y. Lee, Chief Executive Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.; | |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; | |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; | |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: | |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and | |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): | |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. | |
| Date: March 15, 2022 | By: | /s/ Tom Y. Lee |
| Tom Y. Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.; | |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; | |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; | |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: | |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and | |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): | |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. | |
| Date: March 15, 2022 | By: | /s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT |
| Mark S. Elliott | ||
| Vice President, Finance | ||
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:
| (i) | the accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended January 31, 2022, to which this Certificate is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and | |
| (ii) | the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: March 15, 2022 | By: | /s/ Tom Y. Lee |
| Tom Y. Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
|
(Principal Executive Officer) |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:
| (i) | the accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended January 31, 2022, to which this Certificate is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and | |
| (ii) | the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: March 15, 2022 | By: | /s/ Mark S. Elliott |
| Mark S. Elliott | ||
| Vice President, Finance | ||
|
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.