Qualcomm Inc/De Q2 FY2026 Earnings Call

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Qualcomm Second Quarter Fiscal 2026 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded, April 29, 2026. Playback number for today's call is (877) 660-6853. International callers, please dial (201) 612-7415. Playback reservation number is 13759551. I would now like to turn the call over to Brett Simpson, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Mr. Simpson, please go ahead.

Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. Today's call will include prepared remarks by Cristiano Amon and Akash Palkhiwala. In addition, Alex Rogers will join the question-and-answer session. You can access our earnings release and a slide presentation that accompany this call on our Investor Relations website. In addition, this call is being webcast on qualcomm.com, and a replay will be available on our website later today. During the call today, we will use non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G, and you can find the related reconciliations to GAAP on our website. We will also make forward-looking statements, including projections and estimates of future events, business or industry trends or business or financial results. Actual events or results could differ materially from those projected in our forward-looking statements. Please refer to our SEC filings, including our most recent 10-Q, which contain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. And now to comments from Qualcomm's President and Chief Executive Officer, Cristiano Amon.

Thank you, Brett, and good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. In fiscal Q2, we delivered revenues of $10.6 billion and non-GAAP earnings per share of $2.65, with EPS coming in at the high end of our guidance. QCT revenues were $9.1 billion, with another quarter of record automotive revenues as well as growth in IoT. Licensing business revenues were $1.4 billion. Before I share key highlights from the business, I would like to provide some perspective on Qualcomm's current customer design cycles and the opportunities ahead. We are in a period of profound change, and it may not yet seem obvious to the financial community. The emergence of agentic AI workloads with ChatGPT as an early example are fundamentally changing user experiences across connected edge devices and reshaping our roadmap in every platform we develop. For agents to work efficiently, they must run continuously in the background, fuel sensor data into context, orchestrate multistep tasks reliably and deliver strong security. Today's installed base of devices were not built for these new capabilities, and it represents a significant upgrade opportunity and expansion of our addressable market in the coming years. Agent orchestration is predominantly CPU bound and Qualcomm has the world's best-performing CPU across smartphones, PCs, auto and soon the data center. Qualcomm's unparalleled connectivity solutions and efficient NPUs for local models will also be key assets to delivering agentic AI experiences. No other semiconductor company matches the breadth and scale of our technology and product portfolio, which powers devices spanning milliwatts to kilowatts from smart wearables to data centers. As a result, we're seeing a step function increase in strategic customer engagement and it is changing how we think about the broad AI opportunity as well as the speed of our diversification efforts. Beginning with automotive, in Q2, we exceeded $5 billion in annualized revenues for the first time, and we expect to exit fiscal '26 at a run rate above $6 billion. This growth is driven by our fourth generation Snapdragon Digital Chassis platform, which comprises connectivity, telematics, infotainment as well as advanced driver assistance and automated driving. Notably, we have now enabled more than 1 million cars operating ADAS and autonomy on our Snapdragon Ride processors. By the end of the fiscal year, we will begin commercial shipments of our fifth-generation Snapdragon digital chassis platform. This represents the largest generation-to-generation content increase in Qualcomm's history, delivering 3x higher CPU throughput, a threefold increase in GPU capability and 12x higher NPU performance while supporting in-vehicle agents and processing for Level 3 and Level 4 autonomous driving. Looking ahead to fiscal '27, we expect continued share gains and increased content, particularly in ADAS. We're pleased with the performance of our automated driving stack with BMW, and we're seeing broad customer engagement from other leading automakers. Our recent announcement with Bosch and Wave are good examples of what's to come as we build on our proven platforms and self-driving stack and scale ADAS. In IoT, agentic workloads and edge AI are driving major product renewal design cycles. Overall, our pipeline is healthy, and there is clear momentum for Qualcomm solutions. In personal AI, we expect a significant increase in the choice of new smart glasses starting in the second half of the year. We believe these launches, combined with the rapid progress in agentic AI, will catalyze an inflection point in customer demand across this category. Our 2026 Snapdragon X2 PC platforms are currently in production and our world-class Orion CPU unlocks powerful always-on agentic experiences, making it a true competitive differentiator. Agentic orchestrators such as OpenClaw, Claude Desktop, Claude Code, OpenAI Codex Desktop, Perplexity Computer, Crew AI, Armes Agent, Landgraf and Humane 1 running on Snapdragon X2 are early proof points. A recent PC MAG review of the ASUS ZenBook A16 notes that Qualcomm is now a serious challenger in the PC space and states, "the generational leap from the original Snapdragon X Elite to the X2 series is particularly striking. Qualcomm hasn't just caught up to the industry. In some cases, is now helping to set the pace." In addition, our Hexagon NPU is the world's fastest for laptops, delivering up to 85 TOPS together with our industry-leading CPU, which has the best on-device token generation rate. Snapdragon X2 delivers the full agent experience end-to-end and outperforms Intel's Meteor Lake by nearly 30%. In physical and industrial AI, our Dragonwing IQ10 platform has generated substantial customer interest since our launch at CES. This is a significant upgrade compared to IQ9, featuring an NPU with up to 700 TOPS of on-device AI performance, an 18-core Orion CPU, support for over 20 camera sensors in an integrated safety system. Building on our design win with Figure AI, we announced an exciting multiyear agreement with Nora reinforcing our confidence that we can become a significant player in the broad robotics market. Also during the quarter, we introduced a new Arduino platform at Embedded World. This is the second Arduino platform built on Qualcomm silicon and we view it as a world-class prototyping engine for both robotics and industrial AI developers as we expand our ecosystem across key verticals. The platform is purpose built to bring AI into the physical world, enabling fully autonomous AI agents in a wide range of Edge AI applications, including voice assistance and vision systems. Several new industrial AI products are also moving from design win to deployment across retail, utilities, oil and gas, agriculture and other verticals. In data center, the Alphawave integration is off to a great start, and we're pursuing multiple opportunities with large hyperscalers, cloud service providers, sovereign AI projects and other global partners. Building on that momentum, we're also entering the custom silicon space beginning our ramp with a leading hyperscaler and we expect initial shipments in the December quarter. In addition, development of our leading data center CPU and high-performance AI inference accelerators is progressing well. We look forward to sharing more details and customer wins at Investor Day in June. Regarding handsets, I would like to underscore two key points: First, the quarter played out as we expected. Sell-through held up while our chip business materially under-shipped consumer demand. We believe our China Android revenue is bottoming out in fiscal Q3, and Akash will provide more specifics in his financial update. Second, we think agentic smartphones will soon begin to influence the premium tier and we expect this theme will only get stronger into fiscal '27 with examples like the agentic AI phone from ZTE Nubia. Xiaomi's recent announcement of an agent framework and other agentic systems now in development across the Android ecosystem, give us a clear line of sight into how the AI upgrade cycle will unfold, and this is going to be an important tailwind for premium demand over time. Next, I want to highlight a major strategic initiative and long-term growth driver for Qualcomm — 6G, the next generation of wireless. Designed for the age of AI, we believe 6G will present one of the most significant transitions for the wireless industry. From a connectivity perspective, 6G will enable new classes of mobile and personal devices such as smart glasses with enhanced uplink capabilities to support agentic use cases like "see what I see." Beyond connectivity, 6G will be an AI-native network where AI reasoning, learning and autonomous action are core functions. It is intended to act as distributed intelligent infrastructure that integrates communication and wide area real-time sensing. With these new capabilities, the network becomes critical infrastructure and provides the telecom industry an opportunity to develop completely new business and economic models. It will make possible new AI-enabled services, ranging from context-relevant data insights and analytics, low-altitude aerial, terrestrial and autonomous traffic management, drone detection and tracking, and 3D mapping with telemetry to build dynamic digital twins at scale. Qualcomm's leadership in connectivity, AI processing and high-performance, low-power computing position us to be one of the key architects and beneficiaries of the 6G transition. In addition to the development of foundational technologies and standards, we're building end-to-end solutions for devices and the network from modems and compute platforms that power phones, PCs, intelligent wearables and cars all the way to the network, including power-efficient next-generation radio units, wide area network sensing platforms and high-performance compute and AI accelerators for the RAN, network edge, core and data center. To help shape and accelerate the 6G roadmap at MWC, we launched a 60-company coalition spanning carriers, cloud infrastructure, AI-native partners and auto OEMs. The engagement and feedback on our 6G vision and plans from our partners, customers and governments across the globe has been very positive and we look forward to working across the industry to deliver on this generational opportunity. Before I turn the call over to Akash, I want to note that we will provide a broader update at our Investor Day to include our data center plans and our progress in other areas, including advanced robotics, next-generation ADAS, industrial edge AI, personal AI devices and 6G. We hope you can join us as we will be highlighting meaningful new avenues of growth to support our long-term diversification story. I will now turn the call to Akash.

Thank you, Cristiano, and good afternoon, everyone. Let me begin with our results for the second fiscal quarter. We delivered revenues of $10.6 billion and non-GAAP EPS of $2.65, with EPS at the high end of our guidance. QTL revenues of $1.4 billion and EBT margin of 72% came in at the high end of our guidance, driven by favorable mix with global handset units approximately flat on a year-over-year basis. QCT revenues of $9.1 billion and EBT margin of 27% were in line with our expectations. QCT handset revenues of $6 billion came in as anticipated as OEMs remain cautious on handset bills due to the impact of challenging memory industry dynamics. QCT IoT revenues of $1.7 billion were up 9% on a year-over-year basis, driven by growth across consumer and industrial products. In QCT Automotive, we delivered another record quarter with revenues of $1.3 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth driven by accelerating demand and increasing content per vehicle due to the transition of new digital cockpit and ADAS launches to our fourth-generation chipsets. On a combined basis, QCT automotive and IoT revenues grew 20% year-over-year, underscoring the continued diversification of our business, consistent with our long-term revenue targets. We also returned $3.7 billion to stockholders during the quarter, including $2.8 billion in share repurchases and $945 million in dividends, reflecting acceleration of our capital return program. Lastly, we released a previously recorded tax valuation allowance, resulting in a $5.7 million noncash GAAP tax benefit in the second fiscal quarter. This benefit is excluded from non-GAAP results. This reversal reflects new guidance on corporate alternative minimum tax issued in February by Treasury and IRS permitting taxpayers to deduct previously capitalized domestic R&D expenses. Before turning to guidance, I'd like to provide an update on the continued impact of memory industry dynamics on our business. Last quarter, we highlighted that the increasing demand for memory and AI data centers was driving uncertainty in memory supply and price increases to handset OEMs. And as a result, the handset OEMs, particularly in China, were taking a cautious approach by reducing build plans and drawing down channel inventory. These dynamics played out as expected in the second fiscal quarter and are also reflected in our third quarter guidance. As a result, in both quarters, our China QCT Android shipments are meaningfully below the scale of end consumer handset demand. We now estimate that QCT handset revenues from Chinese customers will reach a bottom in the third quarter and return to sequential growth in the following quarter. Now turning to guidance. In the third fiscal quarter, we are forecasting revenues of $9.2 billion to $10 billion and non-GAAP EPS of $2.10 to $2.30. In QTL, we estimate revenues of $1.15 billion to $1.35 billion and EBT margins of 67% to 71% with sequential decline primarily due to the operating assumption of weaker low-tier handset units. In QCT, we expect revenues of $7.9 billion to $8.5 billion and EBT margins of 25% to 27%. We are forecasting QCT handset revenues to be approximately $4.9 billion as a result of the impact of the industry-wide memory dynamics I just outlined. We anticipate QCT IoT revenues to grow by high single digits versus the year-ago period, driven by industrial and consumer products. In QCT Automotive, following another record quarter, we expect year-over-year revenue growth to further accelerate to approximately 50% in the third fiscal quarter. Lastly, we forecast non-GAAP operating expenses to be approximately $2.6 billion in the quarter. In closing, while our near-term revenues are impacted by memory industry cyclical dynamics, we're confident in the underlying fundamentals around Snapdragon product leadership and content growth opportunities, including the adoption of agentic AI technologies. We continue to execute on our secular growth opportunities in automotive and IoT and remain confident in achieving our long-term revenue targets. In addition, we are very excited about the progress in our data center products and customer traction. We now expect initial shipments for our custom silicon engagement at a leading hyperscaler later this calendar year. We look forward to providing an update on our growth initiatives, including opportunities in data center and physical AI at our Investor Day on June 24. This concludes our prepared remarks. Back to you, Brett.

Thank you, Akash. Operator, we are now ready for questions.

Our first question comes from the line of Joshua Buchalter with TD Cowen.

Obviously, I'm not sure you're going to be able to front-run the AI day you plan to host in June. But any details you're able to share or context on what the custom silicon engagement, what the scope is, what the magnitude is? Is this a CPU? Is it an accelerator? Is it a networking chip? Just any help you can give us beyond the press release and prepared remarks, I think would be helpful as that's where investors certainly want to dig in today.

Josh, this is Cristiano. Thank you for the question. Look, I can't provide a lot of details, as you said, we don't want to front-run June 24. But here's a couple of things I can tell you, which is alongside what we said in the script. I think we have spent the time building assets and we've been building our CPU. We have accelerators. We have a different solution for memory in the accelerator. We have added a lot of capabilities for custom ASIC with the acquisition of Alphawave and connectivity IP; we have been pursuing customer ASIC engagements. We have an engagement with a number of companies and are pleased with the engagement several quarters ago. Given the capabilities that we're developing and what's happening in the market, that's accelerating. So we're very excited. The only thing I can tell you is that it is a large hyperscaler and we're really thinking about a multi-generation engagement. But I think that's what we can say at this point.

Okay, I guess we'll stay tuned. For my follow-up, can you maybe walk through why you're confident of that? I assume you were referring to fiscal third quarter when you said third quarter, but why are you confident fiscal third quarter can be the bottom for Android QCT sales into China? The September quarter is usually a down seasonal quarter, and given how low visibility is right now in the handset market, I'd be curious what inputs you're seeing that give you the confidence it's going to bottom in the June quarter.

Sure, Josh. It's Akash. So if you think about the impact from Chinese handset OEMs as a result of the memory dynamics, it's really two parts. The first part is the scale of the handset market. There, we have seen some small decline in it, especially in the mid- and low-tiers. But by far, the larger impact has been the OEMs making a decision to slow down their builds and draw down on channel inventory. So both of these factors have been in our March quarter results and they're also represented in our June quarter guidance. And so what we end up doing in both quarters is really significantly under-shipping the end consumer demand for handsets as a result of the channel inventory drawdown factor. As we look forward, we feel confident that the third quarter is now the bottom. And so as we go forward, the revenue is going to be much closer to the scale of the handset business versus the inventory drawdown factor continuing into our forecast.

And Josh, this is Cristiano. I just want to add one thing because there's another way to look into this. As you know, because of our licensing business, we do have visibility of what happens in the market. So we know it's true. We know how the smartphone market is behaving even with increased pricing on the handsets. So it gave us a really good idea on activations and customer demand versus what we're shipping. So that dynamic outlined by Akash is very clear to us that Q3 becomes the bottom.

Our next question comes from the line of Samik Chatterjee with JPMorgan.

Cristiano, maybe just going back to the data center opportunity and just trying to think about if you can sort of help us think about the competitive landscape here. I mean you've had, which is the IP provider now announced they want to vertically integrate and make chips. You had NVIDIA announce that they are going to focus on the inferencing market as well. How are you thinking about the competitive dynamics where they are related to maybe three months ago or six months ago that you're now sort of going and trying to deliver these wins? And I have a quick follow-up after that.

Great question. Look, I'll give our perspective. And I think we have now more clarity than we ever have about where we are in the AI space. So a little bit at a very high level: in the beginning, it was all about training. It was all about creation of AI, a lot of GPU, very GPU-centric deployment. Infrastructure started to gain scale and then the conversation changed — I'm going to use my GPU from training on the cluster that I build and when I'm not training, I'm going to use that for inference. As inference starts to gain scale, we started to see dedicated solutions. The data center becomes more disaggregated. You have separate computing solutions, some for compute-bound, some for memory-bound. And now we're entering the next phase, which is how AI is really going from simply generating tokens to how do you generate demand for tokens, which is driven by agentic experiences and those orchestrators, they run into a lot of devices. So when you think about that landscape and you look at our IP, in the places that we could be very differentiated, I will start with our CPU. I think when you think about agents, CPU becomes very important. And I will argue, we are one of the companies that have a pretty good CPU asset. We've proven that CPU performance with leading performance in the markets that we are right now, such as PC, smartphone and auto. We have built and we'll provide details on Investor Day a dedicated CPU for agentic experiences in the data center. We're going to show the metrics, we're going to show how it performs. People will be able to compare. As you know, we have an architecture license, and we have a very, very high-performance CPU. So that's one of the assets. The other asset is the scale of a semiconductor company like Qualcomm. We're not small. The ability to combine the IP with the ability to do custom silicon, make sure that that yields and make sure it's delivered with quality and combine a lot of the connectivity IP — which, I believe, with Alphawave because it was a licensing IP company has a leading IP — the more you license, the better your IP becomes. Number three is how we think about the accelerator. You're going to need high compute density and low TCO. We think that we have something unique, which is focused on a cluster that is disaggregating very specific functions, especially for inference. I think the activity you've seen with companies like Grok and other companies just prove that you have opportunity for a dedicated inference accelerator. And the last point is, I would not discount the position that we have on the edge. If you actually track what's happening with OpenClaw in all of the different desktop and co-work solutions, you rely a lot on a high-performance CPU device, which is also causing an upgrade cycle for us. So we look at this whole landscape, and that's how we feel so good about the agentic transition of AI, what it means to Qualcomm. Hopefully, on June 24, we'll show the details on the roadmap and an investor will be able to see where we stand, and please reserve a seat.

Yes. No, please look forward to talking about that more at the Investor Day. Maybe for my follow-up, just going back to the handset business. Can you just remind us of the multiyear agreement framework that you have with your primary premium smartphone customer, Samsung. You did have some sort of changes in the market — in the share with them this year. I think there are some more indications for the step-down in share and more use of the in-house SoC sort of next year? Or can you just remind us sort of how you're thinking about that engagement long term? And what does the multiyear agreement sort of capture at this point?

No, absolutely. I love answering the question. This is a very, very stable relationship with Qualcomm. I want to remind you all that we have reset the framework of this relationship. Historically, we always had a business with them that was in the 50% share between us and their own in-house silicon. That has changed to greater than 70%, as you know, and that has been the framework. Sometimes we get more than that, but we plan our business at greater than 70% share, which is exactly what we have said. You should expect that that is the framework for this year, and that is also the framework for next year. I would say that that's probably one of the most stable relationships that we have, and we have visibility of what that entails. We feel good about the position of Snapdragon. And I'll argue, I think given what's happened with agents, we have an opportunity to actually have a positive bias on that share.

Our next question is from the line of Chris Caso with Wolfe Research.

I guess the first question is just returning to the data center briefly. And to clarify what you mentioned in terms of the hyperscale engagement for the December quarter. Is that an engagement for an accelerator or a CPU? I understand you're targeting both, it sounds like, but what's the particular engagement for December?

This particular engagement, which we're going to have shipments in December, is a custom product. We're working with a hyperscaler.

Okay. So no other specificity past that, okay. Just with regard to QTL, and it looks like that's modestly down and likely due to what you've been talking about with regard to what's going on in the handset market. What's the right way to think about the QTL business as we go forward into the second half of the year? Do you think that we kind of maintain these levels and adjust for seasonality as you get to the end of the year? Or do you expect the impact on QTL to be more significant as you go in the second half?

Yes, Chris, it's Akash. So as you saw in our results for the second quarter, year-over-year handset units were flat globally. This was impacting our guidance as well as our actuals. As we look at the third quarter, what we're guiding is some weakness in the mid- and low-tiers in the market. This is something that we are projecting forward, and we're going to track closely. But what we're seeing is the premium high tier of the market is continuing to hold and weakness in the lower tiers. And that's what's reflected in our guidance. That's a reasonable way of thinking about the market going forward as well.

The next question is from the line of Stacy Rasgon with Bernstein Research.

So if the China handsets bottom in Q3 and then they grow in Q4, that September quarter, I think, is when we're supposed to get the Apple step down, which may be an offset. So I guess just how are you thinking about handset seasonality in the September quarter, given those kind of competing dynamics? How should we be thinking about that?

Yes, Stacy, it's Akash. You're right. In terms of handset revenues for QCT from Chinese OEMs, we do expect that the June quarter is the bottom, and you will see sequential growth from there. And Apple, you're right as well that typically, it's a growth quarter for Apple product revenue, and we do not see that at this point given the share assumption change. So those are the two factors you would use to forecast the September quarter.

I mean do you think handsets growing sequentially in September or not given those two factors?

Stacy, we are not specifically guiding at that point, but I think those two factors would be the input into the forecast.

Okay. And for my follow-up, you talked about agentic devices and agentic smartphones like driving a shift into '27. Do you think the memory issues are going to be done by then — like how much memory does an agentic smartphone need? And is that something that's going to continue to be a headwind on this as we go into 2027? How do we think about the broader dynamics around memory as we go forward?

Thank you for the question, Stacy. Look, it's a little early to talk about '27. One thing to see is the pace of change of AI is accelerating. When I think about the framework I talked about before — you go from inference to how you generate demand for tokens with a lot of agents — we see two things. One is the devices are changing their requirements and the players. We see interesting associations now starting to form between smartphone OEMs and AI companies. We're starting to see some dynamics which are changing the nature of designs. We see designs moving towards products that have much more capable CPUs to run those types of workloads. There's a lot of noise in the memory environment right now. I wish I could make a precise prediction for '27 — it's a little early — but we see a combination of some of the same companies that want a lot of demand for data centers also getting involved with some of the devices at the edge. We see new memory players coming and building capacity. So we're going to have to monitor the situation and see what happens in '27.

The next question is from the line of Timothy Arcuri with UBS.

Thanks a lot. I wanted to ask also about this custom that is going to ship in the fourth quarter of this year. I know you brought a team in from Alphawave. It seems a little fast to get something to market that includes your IP by the end of this year, given cycle time. So I think they had some chiplet stuff and maybe some custom DSP stuff. Is that the sort of thing you're talking about? Or is this truly something that includes a big portion of your IP that you've been able to turn around since the deal closed?

Look, I think two answers. We have been engaging with customers in the data center for several quarters. So when we started engaging and talking about some of the Qualcomm capabilities, it probably even predates the acquisition of Alphawave. The acquisition of Alphawave increased our execution capabilities and expanded our portfolio of IP. You should expect that we're going to have a longer multi-generation agreement with those companies that brings a lot of Qualcomm capabilities to the table. I wish I could provide more details, but like I said, I don't want to front-run what we're going to do on June 24. We will provide detail on everything we're doing, our customer wins and our roadmap and our IP.

And then I guess just as a follow-up, is the assumption still the same that like around your share in Apple. I know there are some signs that there's going to be a little more aggressive displacement. Is the assumption still that it's going to be 20% for the new launch?

Yes. No change, Tim, to our assumption there. We've set 20% share of the phones that will launch in the fall this year and no product relationship beyond that. This assumption has been consistent for the last couple of years. In terms of Apple product revenue for fiscal '27, we've seen sell-side models in the range of a little over $2 billion in terms of QCT product revenue in the year, and we think that's a reasonable place to model the business.

Next question is from the line of Joe Moore with Morgan Stanley.

You alluded to the weakness being more in the mid tier and the premium tier as being stronger. Is that something you can see where you're sort of taking limited memory allocation and that sort of drives just to sort of limit that puts it in the heart here. Just what are you seeing in terms of what that's doing to your mix going forward?

Yes. I think the actions from the OEMs are obviously very logical. If you had to choose between which devices you put your memory allocation to, you would pick the premium and the high tier — that's where the profitability sits — and that's what you're seeing happen in the market.

Okay. And you talked about 6G in 2029. I mean is that — what does that time frame represent? Is that sort of introduction of technology? Is there shipments then? Just anything you can tell us about when 6G starts to become relevant?

Yes. Thank you for the question. The reason I brought it up is because 6G is going to feel very different than the other Gs for Qualcomm. I also believe that 6G creates some very interesting sovereign AI and data center opportunities for Qualcomm as well. You should be thinking about our timeline — we've been consistent with it. We will have prototype base demonstrations in 2028. Likely, we're going to have first silicon in 2028, we want early launches in 2029, and then we expect that to get scale by 2030.

Our next question is from the line of Ross Seymore with Deutsche Bank.

I want to go back to the handset side. And if you could just level set us to whether it's the fiscal second quarter or fiscal third quarter, what percentage of handsets is China. And you mentioned that a lot of the dynamics is how far you're under-shipping versus true demand, are you believing that true demand, whether it's China or elsewhere, is truly weakening still? Or is that side of the equation stabilizing despite the memory fears?

Yes, Ross. When you think about the total handset market — and this is more of a QTL comment — that's where we are seeing a slight decline in mid- and low-tiers, but the overall scale of the handset market has not changed much, at least in the March quarter, and we're going to closely monitor that going forward. In terms of QCT shipments to Chinese customers, it's a factor of two things: it's not just the scale of the handset market, but the OEM decision to draw down on channel inventory. My earlier comments were about the drawdown of channel inventory, which we expect to end soon, and that's us calling the bottom in the June quarter. After that, our shipments will reconcile to the size of the handset market.

Okay. And I guess for my follow-up question, shifting gears to the automotive side of things. You mentioned about the ADAS side starting to ramp and growing 50% this year, so doing very, very well. As you go from more of a cockpit business to the ADAS mix increasing, how does that change the revenue trajectory and perhaps the gross margin trajectory in your automotive business?

Yes. I think what you see is it accelerates revenue dramatically because it's a lot more silicon content. If you look at when we went from generation 3 to generation 4 in digital cockpit, the car is really becoming a computing surface. We saw a step function increase in silicon content. You should expect another step when we go from fourth generation to fifth generation. As we add processors and you start to see more development toward Level 3 capabilities, you're starting to see the amount of computing power going up. So for us, it's basically a significant revenue accelerator within automotive.

And specifically on your question about gross margin, I'd highlight two additional factors. We're transitioning from a chip sale to a module sale. As we go to modules, it increases the revenue opportunity for us as well. In addition, we have software opportunity on top of the chipset, which also helps our margin profile. Net-net, we still model the business in line with our corporate average, but it really is a business that has several vectors of growth as Cristiano outlined.

Our last question is from the line of Vivek Arya with Bank of America Securities.

For the first one, Akash, you mentioned Apple product sales, I think, $2 billion plus for fiscal '27. What about the royalty contribution? How does that evolve as you approach the date for renegotiation of that business?

Yes. Pending the renegotiation, the royalty — we don't expect it to change. It should be in the same scale that it's at, and it's an independent business separate from the chip business.

And for my follow-up, Cristiano, back to the hyperscaler discussion, I realize you'll give more details at Investor Day. But is Qualcomm's intention to approach this from an ASIC perspective? I thought you planned to enter the data center from a merchant perspective. But are you saying now the goal is to approach it from an ASIC perspective? And if that is the case, what impact does it have on margins? Are you really going to compete head on with the other ASIC suppliers that are out there? Is this going to be more of a one-on-one bespoke approach to the market as opposed to a broader merchant approach? Just what's the broader strategy and go-to-market that Qualcomm has in this business?

Great question. The answer is all of the above. As a new entrant, we're very flexible. We also look at the reality of what's happening with hyperscalers. The majority of the revenue for semiconductor companies is heavily concentrated in a handful of very large companies, and those companies have indicated they have different approaches as the data center gets disaggregated — different approaches to compute and connectivity. You should assume that Qualcomm will play on merchant and on custom, and it's going to be a combination of how we're going to configure our IP and different IP blocks for different solutions. It is going to be a bespoke business.

And specifically on your question about this custom engagement we talked about, we do expect that to be accretive at the operating margin level.

Thank you. That concludes today's question-and-answer session. Mr. Amon, do you have anything further to say before adjourning the call?

I think the obvious thing I want to say is please plan to attend our June 24 Investor Day. We intend at the Investor Day to really highlight not only everything that is happening with the new Qualcomm, but also the details of the products and technology we have been developing for the data center space, provide an update on how physical AI is transforming our business and provide the clarity that we have today about how agents and agentic experiences have broad implication across our entire business. I'm looking forward to speaking to all of you, and I'd like to thank our partners and our employees for a great quarter as we continue to transform Qualcomm. Thank you very much.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.