Good afternoon. Thank you for attending the Vicarious Surgical's 2025 third quarter earnings call. My name is Cameron, and I'll be your moderator for today. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad, and I would now like to pass the conference over to your host, Marissa Beich, with the Gil Martin Group. You may proceed.

Great. Good afternoon. Today after market close, Vicarious Surgical released financial results for the three months ended September 30, 2025. A copy of the press release is available on the company website. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that management will make statements during this call that include forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained in this call that relate to expectations or predictions of future events, results, or performance are forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, including without limitation, those relating to obtaining approval for the vicarious surgical system and timing for any such approval, the timing of future clinical trials and FDA submissions, cash burn expectations, or operating trends and future financial performance, expense management, market opportunity, and commercialization are based upon our current estimates and various assumptions. These statements involve material risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to materially differ from those anticipated or implied by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these statements. For a list and description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business, please refer to the risks factors set forth in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our most recent Forms 10-K and Form 10-Q. This conference call contains time-sensitive information and is accurate only as of the live broadcast today, November 12, 2025. Vicarious surgical disclaims any intention or obligation, except as required by law, to update or revise any financial projections or forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise. Now I'll hand the call over to Stephen Fromm, Chief Executive Officer, to begin prepared remarks. Stephen?

Thank you, Marissa, and good afternoon, everyone. It's been a little over three months since I stepped into this role. We've moved from assessment to execution, and my focus has become clear. Reach design freeze, extend our runway through meaningful burn reduction, and strengthen how we operate and communicate as a company. Our main priority remains achieving design freeze of the production equivalent system, the version that includes all features and specifications required for commercialization. We continue to target completion by year-end 2026. This milestone is the foundation for everything that follows from clinical entry to eventual commercialization and it drives how we sequence resources and decision making across the company. The second area of focus is reducing burn. We've acted quickly on feedback received through recent investor outreach in our October fundraise and launched a detailed exercise to identify the most effective ways to lower spending while maintaining our targeted design freeze timeline. That process has led us to evaluate targeted outsourcing opportunities and structural changes that can allow us to preserve engineering progress while improving capital efficiency. Since commencing this exercise, we have already restructured some of our internal teams and reduced headcount in certain functions. The framework is straightforward. forward. We retain and invest in the areas that define and differentiate our technology, our robotic arms, camera systems, and core software, while evaluating outsourcing for elements that are less unique to us, such as portions of the capital equipment. This approach allows us to protect our core innovation while improving capital efficiency. To support this effort, we've engaged a well-known consulting firm to perform a gap analysis and prepare recommendations and requests for proposals for outsourcing partners. That work is underway and expected to be completed by the end of November. The goal is to enter 2026 with a disciplined plan that meaningfully reduces burn while maintaining momentum toward design freeze. In October, we strengthened our balance sheet with approximately $5.9 million in gross proceeds from a registered direct offering. Those funds support the cost actions I just outlined and the work required to keep development on track we're also taking steps to improve our communication and transparency going forward we will be sharing updates about the development of our platform including our progress and the challenges that come with building a surgical robot in the form of short posts and videos on our linkedin page and our investor relations website we will also introduce educational features on why certain steps like control builds and our quality management system matter. The goal is to give investors and partners a clear view of how innovation happens here, not just what we build, but how we build it. That's the posture we're carrying forward, disciplined on spend, focused on design freeze, and straightforward in how we communicate progress. With that, I'll turn it over to our CFO, Sarah Romano, to walk you

the financials. Thank you Steven. Total operating expenses for the third quarter 2025 were 11.5 million which is a 35 percent decrease compared to 17.8 million in the third quarter of 2024. Research and development expenses for the third quarter 2025 were 8 million compared to 10.8 million in the third quarter 2024 general and administrative expenses for the third quarter 25 was 3.2 million compared to 5.7 million in the third quarter 2024 and finally third quarter 2025 sales and marketing expenses were 350 000 compared to 1.2 million in the third quarter of 24 our gap net loss for the third quarter 2025 was 11.1 million or a dollar 86 per share this compared to gap net loss of 17.1 million or two dollars and 90 cents per share in the third quarter of 24. non-gap adjusted net loss for the third quarter 2025 was 11.3 million or adjusted net loss of $1.91 per share compared to $17 million or $2.87 per share in the third quarter of 2024. For reconciliation of all non-GAAP measures to GAAP, please review our earnings press release. We ended the third quarter 2025 with approximately $13.4 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments on our balance sheet. This represents a third quarter cash burn rate of approximately $10.5 million. Following the close of the third quarter, 2025, we successfully completed a registered direct offering, adding approximately $5.2 million in net proceeds to our balance sheet. We continue to expect full year 2025 cash burn to be approximately $50 million, and we are actively focused on reducing our cash burn for 2026. We are confident in driving a material reduction in cash burn going forward, and we are actively exploring further opportunities to bolster our balance sheet. We look forward to continuing to drive progress on our financial and technical goals in the coming quarters. With that, I will turn the call back to Stephen for closing remarks. Thank you, Sarah. In closing, I remain dedicated to

our commitment of transforming surgical care. As previously mentioned, tomorrow we will formally kick off our new communication effort with frequent informative updates regarding our progress toward design freeze these will be available on our linkedin page transparency is central to how we intend to operate documenting progress acknowledging hurdles and maintaining an honest dialogue about the process these past few months since i began a vicarious surgical have been vital to the company's future and i plan on continuing my hard work in restructuring the business and regaining focus on our key milestones. I'd like to express my gratitude to our dedicated team, supportive investors, and valuable partners. Thank you all for your continued support and interest in vicarious surgical. Operator, we are now ready to take questions. Thank you. We will

now begin the Q&A session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to remove your question, press star followed by two. Again, to ask a question press star one and as a reminder if you were using a speakerphone please remember to pick up your handset before asking a question and during the q a session we ask that you please limit your questions to one question and one follow-up again please limit your questions to one question and one follow-up the first question comes from the line of josh jennings with td cohen you may proceed hi good afternoon thanks steve and sarah i apologize my

I already went in and out, but I just wanted to confirm or correct that the timeline for system built to the standard for regulatory testing and clinical use is still mid-26 and just the progress that's been made in terms of the first controlled build and then the faster build over the summer, that all that progress is still in play as you're looking to outsource some of the components. Let me just help us understand a little bit more detail that timeline and then how it is or is not impacted by this outsourcing initiative.

Yeah, so it's a really good question, and definitely we're still doing everything we can to meet the timeline, and we're looking for design freeze to occur towards the end of 2026. and although there may be some disruption as we do the outsourcing ultimately we're hoping that it doesn't affect the timeline too much but part of the communication plan is also to inform people look there's going to be some disruption and that's on there's just no way we can get around that but what I'd like to be able to do is when we see that there's disruption that we can communicate it in a timely manner so that you don't get blindsided you don't have to wait every three months for a quarterly earnings call to be told something's going on we're trying to manage it in a really efficient manner so that we can mitigate any issues that may crop up with the outsourcing but it's you know still early days with the outsourcing as i mentioned we engaged um a consulting firm it's actually pa consulting um we engaged their local office here in boston to help us work through this plan, and we're working through that diligently, and that plan

should be done by the end of this month. Thanks for that, and then just maybe just to follow up, thinking about the most recent version, I believe, granted PDV, it should be thinking that the construct, the design, I apologize for my non-engineering language and knowledge, but But just the construct of design and the technology will, the majority of the effort to date will hold through. And the South Routing Initiative isn't just a restart. It doesn't sound like that at all, but just to check that box and maybe any help thinking about the work to date and how that will contribute to the end product and just a matter of improving manufacturability, it sounds like, and also reducing costs at this outsourcing initiative. Thank you.

Yeah, so definitely trying to reduce the burn is important to us, but we also want to maintain that timeline as much as we can. But yes, it's not like we stopped everything and we're restarting builds we're always improving upon a build that we've done so we did our first couple of builds using the control system or under control using the quality management system we did refer to those as pdv1 or pre-dv1 system and we're using those systems and we're always upgrading them well at certain point though you've done so many upgrades to that build that you want to do a new build under control and we'll refer to that as pre-dv2 but the pre-dv2 the idea is to complete that so that we have all the features that we want to be on that system as we approach for commercialization so our final product before we go into regulatory vnv and into the clinic that will be the product that we want to commercialize and that's what we're working towards right now it's implementing all of the features that we want to have for commercialization and then working at the specifications that we want them to be working at and that's where the biggest issue comes in is when you're finally doing a build using your quality management system or under control, you don't always have that luxury to, you know, to push the boundaries as much as you'd like to, which you can do in an engineering build. And so, you know, you're restricted or handcuffed to using the qualifications or requirements that exist, you know, under your quality management system. And so you don't always reach the specifications that you are able to reach in your engineering building. That's what we're working upon right now is trying to get the full build done with all the features and at the specifications that we would like to be at where we would have a system that we would take into the clinic and then

into commercialization. Okay. Thank you for those extra details. Okay. I'm from the line of Ben Hainer with Lake Street Capital Markets. You may proceed. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the

the question um just wondering if you can provide any additional color on some of these development builds have you if you've done you know sort of any cadaver labs any sort of internal testing where you've had uh surgeons have have hands-on with the the kind of intermediate builds how have those gone um you know any color there would be much appreciated yeah another good question

ben thanks for that so you know as you know or maybe not everybody knows this we have our own OR here in our building so we have our own suite here and we use that we utilize that to have surgeons come in and you know play around with our system and see where we're at and we do have you know one of the founders you know um is also a surgeon and he comes in and works with it um frequently and there's also other surgeons that come and we just had a surgeon come up that's naive to the system and use it for the first time because we're always testing. So although we're not at full feature at the specifications we want them to be, wherever we are with the build, we need to actually test it. We need to have a surgeon come in and test it to see if it's functioning properly, see if it's stable, see if it's reliable. All of those things, we want to see how we're progressing. And as we're doing those tests, we're also able to see what's going wrong. And so, yes, we're always bringing in surgeons. We've been actually very heavy on that over the last month. We've been doing different OR labs almost weekly now for the last month. A lot of the times those are with synthetic cadavers, but a couple of weeks ago we did do it with cadaver, and it went really well. And what we've been able to demonstrate, and you're going to see this as we roll out the communication plan, is that we're actually seeing an increase in the stability of the system with these surgeons using it. We've been able to see a dramatic increase in time time in doing the suturing for what would be known as an IPOM, you know, ventral hernia. And so when they're doing that suturing procedure, we've seen a dramatic drop in the time it takes to do that. And so that gets us really excited when we see that type of thing. And those are the type of things that, although it's not the final system with all the features that the requirements needed, it is obviously a system that's working and we're testing We're always testing it. we're always doing verification and we're always doing usability tests and that really helps us

understand where we are with our build that's helpful and then you know I appreciate the anecdotal commentary on what you've seen in the suturing and you've got that great example I think in the slide deck on the the regression that you had in the camera and the the ability to fix it are there any others that like that that you'd like to share you know maybe

as previews to the timely communication plan? Well, yeah, it's kind of, you know, along the same line that I was just speaking about, because, you know, when you do the suturing of the mesh, so with an IPOM dental hernia, you know, you suture up the hernia itself, and then you put a mesh around it, and you suture that up, and what we've seen, I mentioned the dramatic drop in timing in order to complete that you know it's gone from call it an average of 40 minutes down to an average of 14 minutes it's really dropped dramatically which shows a huge improvement in the stability and reliability of the system okay and it's that's a huge drop in time which is really impressive and really exciting for the team that's great well thanks for taking the

questions and i look forward to tracking the the real-time progress on on linkedin and such

all right thanks bet we also have two questions submitted by ryan zimmerman at btig the first one is how long do you anticipate the consulting engagement to take and what is the cost and second what are you doing to solve the key issue of preserving cash while reaching design freeze

at year end 2026 yeah thanks for those questions right so ta consulting was engaged a you know a few weeks ago and it's a short engagement it's to go through this analysis with us for you know what makes the most sense to be outsourcing and how to approach the outsourcing although we already had a plan in place we wanted to make sure we pressure test it with an outside you know consulting firm that does this for a living so that we anticipate that being completed by the end of this month they're also going to be assisting us with putting the request for proposals in place they know our system really well we've used them in the past to help us with our capital equipment so it was easy for us to bring them on board because they they know the teams they know the people they know the system really well so they were able to complete this exercise pretty quickly for us and they did it at a really good cost i'm not going to tell you exactly how much it was it was a fixed fee but it was really really they did a good job for us on pricing as well so that should be done by the end of the month rfps won't be done by the end of the month, but those will be done as part of this process as well. And we'll reach out to different firms with the request for proposals to get quotes and decide who we want to go forward with. The idea is to have a lot of this in place by the end of Q1. So hopefully that will help us really dramatically lower, at least materially lower the budget for 2026 and definitely for 2027. Where that's going to end up I don't know yet because we're still early stages in the outsourcing. As part of that though and trying to control the burn, we did do a small layoff a couple of weeks ago. It's about 15% of the employees and that's helping us also control the burn. And we went through a very long exercise to understand how to approach that and who it was that we'd be laying off. It's never easy to do one of those, but it's something we felt we needed to do post that fundraise that we did a month ago. Thank you. Ryan's follow-up is, where do you stand

with your hospital and health system partners through all of this? Great. I mean, we still

reach out and they reach out to us. We have ongoing communications with them. So the relationships are really strong. You know, they want the same thing everybody else does. They want to be able to have the system in their hospital, but we engage with the surgeons at these hospitals and they definitely want to come over here and play with it. So we let them. And so that's all, you know, it works for us as well because we get the feedback from them and they get really excited. Like I said, we had a surgeon that's never, never seen other than seeing it on our website, never seen the system in, in, in person. And so he came here for the first time. We put him through simulation. The same day he was here, never seen the system before, he was able to perform an eye palm surgery for the first time, and he was very excited. So we have a really strong relationship with the healthcare and hospital systems, I should say. Thank you. That will conclude the call. I

would now like to pass the conference back to Stephen for closing remarks. Well, I'd just like

to thank everybody for participating and great questions, and hopefully everybody, we launched the communication plan at 12 noon tomorrow on our LinkedIn site. So if you would just refer to our LinkedIn as we go forward, you don't have to wait for another three months to hear from us. So thank

you everyone. That concludes today's call. Thank you for your participation and enjoy the rest of your day.