Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Richardson Electronics’ Third Quarter of Fiscal Year 2023 Conference Call. After the speaker’s presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. As a reminder, today's call may be recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Edward Richardson, Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead, sir.

Good morning, and welcome to Richardson Electronics’ conference call for the third quarter of fiscal year 2023. Joining me today are Robert Ben, Chief Financial Officer; Wendy Diddell, Chief Operating Officer and General Manager for Richardson Healthcare; Greg Peloquin, General Manager of our Power & Microwave Technologies Group and our newest business unit, Green Energy Solutions; and Jens Ruppert, General Manager of Canvys. As a reminder, this call is being recorded and will be available for playback. I would also like to remind you that we'll be making forward-looking statements. They're based on current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties. Therefore, our actual results could be materially different. Please refer to our press release and SEC filings for an explanation of our risk factors. We're extremely pleased with the continued strong financial performance in the third quarter. This is the tenth consecutive quarter where we had year-over-year growth. I'm very proud of the entire organization this quarter for shipping more than $70 million in product. The backlog in our Green Energy Solutions increased over the last quarter and we're more confident than ever that this business unit will become a significant and growing percentage of our overall revenue. Certainly, the economy is not without its challenges: continued inflation, rising interest rates, ongoing supply chain issues and new legislation has the potential to impact our business. To date, this impact has been minimal, mainly because of our diversity in engineered solutions. Alternative energy continues to be a global focus driving demand for our wind energy solutions. Our partnerships with our electric locomotive customers and suppliers are solid. Acceptance of synthetic diamonds throughout the world is increasing demand for our magnetron. And our core businesses perform well with both EDG and Canvys having another strong quarter. Today, more than 60% of our revenue comes from products we manufacture or have manufactured exclusively for us. Ultracapacitor and lithium-iron-phosphate battery modules, magnetrons and many other tubes and related products are manufactured by us in La Fox, Illinois. Displays are manufactured in our display hubs in Marlborough, Massachusetts and Donaueschingen, Germany. Our manufacturing employees are cross-trained and can be moved to different areas to meet the needs of our business units and ongoing growth. We have many products in development that will further allow us to continue this growth and adapt to changing market conditions. Greg, Wendy and Jens will provide more details in the quarter and its key growth initiatives. First, Bob Ben, our Chief Financial Officer, will review our third quarter financial performance in more detail.

Thank you, Ed, and good morning. I will review our financial results for our third quarter and first nine months of fiscal year 2023, followed by a review of our cash position. Net sales for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 increased 27.2% to $70.4 million compared to net sales of $55.3 million in the prior year's third quarter, due to higher net sales in our Power and Microwave Technologies, or PMT, Green Energy Solutions or GES, and Canvys business units, partially offset by lower sales in our Healthcare business unit. PMT sales increased by $8.5 million or 22% from last year's third quarter driven by growth from manufactured products for our semiconductor wafer fabrication equipment customers and distributed products for RF and microwave applications. Net sales for GES increased $5.8 million or 103% from last year's third quarter. GES combines our key technology partners and engineered solutions capabilities to design and manufacture products for the fast-growing green energy market and power management applications. Canvys sales increased by $1.5 million, or 19%, due to strong customer demand in North America. Richardson Healthcare sales decreased $0.7 million, or 23.9%, due to a decrease in parts sales as well as CT tubes sold in China, partially offset by an increase in equipment sales. Total company backlog was $175.1 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, almost mirroring the $175.6 million at the end of the third quarter of last fiscal 2022. Gross margin for the third quarter was 31.8% of net sales, the same as in last year's third quarter. PMT’s margin increased to 32.9% from 31.8%, primarily due to product mix. Healthcare gross margin was 39.8% in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to 25.1% in the prior year's third quarter due to improved manufacturing absorption and decreased component scrap expense. GES margin decreased in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 to 25.7% from 34.6% in the prior year's third quarter primarily due to product mix. Canvys gross margin decreased slightly in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 to 32.0% from 32.2% in the prior year's third quarter because of product mix and foreign exchange effects. Operating expenses were $14.8 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to $13.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2022. The increase in operating expenses resulted from higher employee compensation, including incentive expense from significantly higher operating income and higher travel costs. However, operating expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased to 21.0% during the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to 25.2% during the third quarter of fiscal 2022. The Company reported operating income of $7.6 million or 10.8% of net sales for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 versus operating income of $3.6 million or 6.6% of net sales in the third quarter of last year. Other income for the third quarter of fiscal 2023, including interest income and foreign exchange, was $0.4 million compared to other expense of $0.1 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2022. Income tax expense was $1.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 or 20.7% effective tax rate versus $0.6 million in the prior year's third quarter due to the use of federal NOLs in fiscal 2022. Net income was $6.3 million or 9.0% of net sales for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 as compared to a net income of $2.9 million or 5.2% of net sales in the third quarter of fiscal 2022. Earnings per common share on a diluted basis in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 were $0.44 compared to $0.21 per common share on a diluted basis in the prior year's third quarter. Turning to a review of the results for the first nine months of fiscal year 2023. Net sales for the first nine months of fiscal year 2023 were $203.8 million, an increase of 25.1% from $163.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal year 2022. Net sales increased by $17.1 million or 14.8% for PMT, $19.1 million or 145.7% for GES, $4.5 million or 17.3% for Canvys, and $0.1 million or 1.6% for Richardson Healthcare. Gross margin increased to 33.0% from 31.6% primarily reflecting a favorable product mix in PMT and decreased component scrap expense and improved manufacturing absorption in Healthcare. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable product mix and foreign currency effects for Canvys and unfavorable product mix for GES. Operating expenses were $43.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2023, which represented an increase of $3.1 million from the first nine months of last fiscal year. The increase was due to higher employee compensation and travel expenses. Operating income for the first nine months of fiscal year 2023 was $23.6 million or 11.6% of net sales as compared to an operating income of $11.0 million or 6.7% of net sales for the first nine months of fiscal year 2022. Other expense for the first nine months of fiscal 2023, including interest income and foreign exchange, was $0.1 million as compared to other expense of less than $0.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2022. The income tax provision was $5.3 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2023 or 22.5% effective tax rate versus $1.3 million in the prior year's first nine months due to the use of federal NOLs in fiscal 2022. The Company reported net income of $18.2 million or 8.9% of net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 versus $9.6 million or 5.9% for the first nine months of fiscal year 2022. Earnings per common share on a diluted basis in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 were $1.27 compared to $0.71 per common share on a diluted basis in the prior year's first nine months. Moving to a review of our cash position, cash and investments at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023 were $24.6 million compared to $31.1 million at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2023. The Company continued to invest in working capital to support the sales growth over the past ten quarters. Inventory grew to $101.4 million from $97.4 million at the end of the second quarter fiscal 2023. Accounts receivable increased to $42.2 million from $34.9 million at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2023 primarily due to the timing of higher sales at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Capital expenditures were $2.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 versus $0.6 million in the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, approximately $0.9 million related to investments in manufacturing, $0.8 million for our facilities including manufacturing expansion, $0.3 million for our Healthcare business supporting the Siemens Repaired Tube program, and $0.2 million was for our IT system. We expect a higher level of capital expenditures in fiscal year 2023 as we make additional investments in our manufacturing capabilities and facility. We paid $0.8 million of cash dividends in the third quarter. In addition, based on our current financial position, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per common share, which will be paid in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. After the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company entered into a three-year, $30 million revolving line of credit agreement with PNC Bank for additional liquidity as necessary. Now, I will turn the call over to Greg, who will discuss the results for our PMT and GES business groups.

Thank you, Bob, and good morning, everyone. Both of our strategic business units, Power and Microwave Technologies or PMT, and Green Energy Solutions or GES, drove strong growth in our quarter. Our GES unit has experienced exceptional growth throughout its first three quarters as the demand for green energy applications such as wind energy, electric locomotives, energy storage, and power management has greatly increased. We continue to apply and focus on resources to this extremely important strategic business unit and growth opportunity for Richardson Electronics. In Q3 FY '23, GES sales were up 103% to $11.5 million versus $5.7 million last fiscal year. Our backlog increased to $54.3 million versus $29 million in Q3 of FY '22. Green Energy Solutions includes revenues from several products such as the ULTRA3000, electric locomotive battery modules, the ULTRAGEN3000, and products used in synthetic diamond manufacturing. The growth of these customers and products in GES continues as several major OEMs are having active discussions with us and our engineering teams in the development of power management energy storage products and other green energy applications. We have numerous products in design, prototype, and beta testing. We anticipate announcing several new products in the program in the next couple of months. This strategy of developing niche products and technologies, often in concert with our key technology partners, is crucial to our long-term success. Third quarter FY ‘23 sales for the Power and Microwave Technologies Group or PMT, which includes EDG and PMG, increased 22% reaching $46.8 million versus $38.4 million in Q3 last fiscal year. This growth was mainly due to continued success in our RF and wireless infrastructure business and a strong quarter for our semiconductor wafer fabrication equipment business. Our engineered solutions strategy is led by our global technology partners such as Qorvo, MACOM, Anokiwave, LS Materials, Amogreentech, and Fuji Electric. Key tube manufacturers and partners include CPI, Thales, Nisshinbo Micro Devices, previously known as NJRC, and Photonis. Each of our global partners provides key technologies to support our customers' requirements. Our team has done an excellent job identifying and cultivating opportunities. We continue to add partners who fill technology gaps in our offering and support our growth. In Q3, we added two new key technology partners, Navitas Semiconductor, and VINATech, who fill technology gaps in our component and engineered solutions offering, giving us an expanded source of supply to support as well as create new opportunities. Often through these partnerships, we can identify opportunities for new products that we design and manufacture in-house, increasing the value we provide to customers and allowing us to capture more revenue. To meet our growing business needs, we continue to invest in our infrastructure to support this growth. We are hiring talented design engineers and field engineers, and expanding capital investments to further enhance our manufacturing capabilities. Our growing in-house design engineering and manufacturing teams are doing a great job supporting the increased demand for current products and new product designs. I am pleased with the progress we are making. We will continue to identify, develop, and introduce new products and technologies for green energy and other power management applications. Our growth strategy has proven to be highly successful over the years, and we will continue to develop new products and technology partners, as well as increase our customer base revenue and profits by capitalizing on our existing demand creation infrastructure. To support this growth, we are strategically investing in inventory that positions us to fill the pipeline and ensures we can meet our customer needs. We work closely and collaborate with our customers and suppliers to shorten the time between purchasing inventory and recognizing the sale. As the team drives new products, technology partners, and programs, there are always some headwinds; however, Richardson’s unique global model and continued growth with our technology partners and engineering solutions, we are beyond excited about the future. We expect a slowing in the semiconductor wafer fab market. This cyclical market has occurred continually over the past 20 years. However, we are more than ready for it. We also acknowledge the difficulty in finding enough design and field engineering talent to support the growth strategy. However, we are confident that the PMT and GES strategy can offset most, if not all anticipated slowdowns. We continue to improve the health of the business by gaining market share, introducing new products, and technology partners expanding the value we provide customers. I cannot stress enough the value of Richardson Electronics' model is to our customers and suppliers. Our unparalleled capability and global go-to-market strategy are unique to the power and microwave RF and green energy markets. We've developed a strong business model, including legacy products and new technology partners that fit well with our engineered solutions capabilities. Through our steadfast and creative focus on customers, we will continue to excel by taking advantage of opportunities when they arise. The execution of our strategy has never been better. There is no question our customers and technology partners need Richardson's products and support more than ever. And as I said in the past, we are just warming up. With that, I'll turn it over to Wendy Diddell, to discuss Richardson Healthcare.

Thanks, Greg. Good morning, everyone. Third quarter sales for Healthcare were $2.4 million, which was lower than the $3.1 million in Q3 of FY '22. While sales started off slowly in December and January, sales then recovered in February. Most of the decrease in revenue was because we did not ship any CT tubes to China in the quarter. This is purely a timing issue with orders historically coming in every other quarter. Part sales were below the prior year, but the product margin was higher, helping improve the margin in the quarter. CT system sales were higher in the quarter than the previous year. Gross margin in the third quarter improved significantly to 39.8% versus 25.1% in Q3 of last year, primarily reflecting better factory utilization and lower scrap costs. Inbound freight costs were also lower. We continue to make good progress on the Siemens Repaired Tube Program. This is a series of four tube types, including the Straton Z, MX, MXP and MXP46. The Siemens installed base is considerably larger than Canon's and there are no third-party replacement options for these tube types. At the end of the quarter, we released the Straton Z to full production. We are repairing tubes now for stock and expect sales to rise gradually in the coming quarters. We anticipate the Siemens MX series will follow in the 2023 calendar year. We are working on the development and validation of the critical component to finish this repair process. As noted in prior calls, the Siemens program is a critical element for our Healthcare business unit to reach its goal of providing a positive operating contribution to the Company by Q4 of FY ‘24. In addition to our Siemens program, we are working on several new programs that will further improve CT tube sales and factory utilization. These programs include reloading tubes in Brazil. We are working our way through the registration process with a local partner. We are also partnering with an international company to reload and sell several other tube types in the Americas. Our first samples are due later in the quarter. These programs may have a positive impact on our revenue in FY ‘24 depending on how quickly we can validate and achieve regulatory approvals. Our current tube product line, the Siemens Repaired Tube program, and several new parts programs with large third-party service organizations give us a path to breakeven or better by the fourth quarter of FY ‘24. We continue to monitor our progress and we will make the necessary adjustments to achieve this goal. I will now turn the call over to Jens Ruppert, to discuss the results for Canvys.

Thanks, Wendy, and good morning, everyone. Canvys engineers, manufactures, and sells custom displays to original equipment manufacturers in industrial and medical markets throughout the world. Canvys delivered excellent performance with sales of $9.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Strong customer demand, primarily in North America, drove the 19.0% increase in sales over the same period last year. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales was 32.0% during the third quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to 32.2% for the third quarter of fiscal 2022. The slight decrease in gross margin was primarily related to the product mix and foreign currency effects, but showed an improvement over prior quarters in the fiscal year reflecting lower freight rates. Our backlog remains healthy, which we expect to support strong sales throughout fiscal 2023 and into fiscal 2024. Given the number of projects currently in the engineering stage, we are well-positioned for continued growth. Our expectations assume no impact from current supply chain obstacles and demand is not negatively impacted by recessionary pressures. During the quarter, we received several new orders from both existing and first-time medical OEM customers. Some of these applications include pulsed field ablation of timology laser, robotic-assisted surgery, monitors for dental treatment chairs, human-machine interfaces to control medical devices such as video documentation systems and other operating room equipment, microwave ablation and surgical navigation. In the non-medical space, our products are used in a variety of commercial and industrial applications. This includes air traffic control, teller prompting and talent monitors, human-machine interfaces for process automation, 3D printing, and all-in-one computers to control the milling machines and product dispensers for retail applications. I am proud of our teams around the world and I'm extremely pleased with the excellent operating performance. Our strong and growing customer relationships and stable backlog position us well for future growth. From the variety of customers and applications, as well as the value of orders from existing and new customers, it is clear we offer our global customers outstanding products and localized service. While our sales organization stays focused on new opportunities, I stay focused on improving the operating performance of the division; maximizing cash flow and improving Canvys profitability is an ongoing priority, and we continue to work closely with our partners to meet the demands of our customers. I will now turn the call back over to Ed.

Congratulations, Jens, on another great quarter. Canvys continues to deliver thanks to you and your talented team. As you’ve heard from the business unit leaders, there are many programs fueling our growth. As market conditions continue to change, we remain committed to growth through our engineered solutions. While we carefully control our expenses and protect our cash flow, we’ll continue to add engineers to expedite new product development. At this time, we'll be happy to answer your questions.

Thank you. Our first question is from Anja Soderstrom from Sidoti. Your line is open.

Hi, and thank you for taking my questions. So I'm just curious, I was a little surprised to see the slight drop or sequential drop in the GES revenue for the quarter and also you mentioned product mix affected the margin performance there. Can you just talk about what's, if there's any sort of push out of orders there into the fourth quarter and also about how the product mix is affecting the margins?

Yes, this is Greg. In terms of the margin, we have had huge shipments in the quarter specific to our electric locomotive program we have going on. That is still in our prototype build for Progress Rail Caterpillar. And so the margins are that until we get up to economies of scale, larger production will be able to add more margin to that. But it was just a lower margin business in the start that we shifted major shipments to. In terms of the sales, excellent sales year-over-year, backlog continues to grow. We signed new technology partners. We have a number of new products that we'll be announcing here potentially in the next couple of weeks that’s definitely in the fourth quarter. So we're very excited about how this is going to finish the year. And then also launch us into FY 2024 with continued growth like we're seeing.

Okay. Thank you. And also you've been talking about some new products in the second half. Can you just talk about when we can expect some of those to come through?

Yes. We will announce those in the fourth quarter. We have beta site testing set up with Siemens and NextEra for these products, and we are announcing a major program with a very large customer for the Ultra2000, and that will all be announced this quarter that we're in today. I can't give any more details on that until we actually do the full announcement, but it'll be very good launching us into FY 2024.

Okay. Thank you. And I'll get back in the queue and I'll come back with more questions.

Thanks, Anja.

Thanks, Anja.

Thank you. And our next question is coming from the line of another analyst. Your line is open.

Good morning. I want to follow-up on that green energy line of questioning here. Slight drop from the prior quarter after showing sequential quarterly 50% growth. Was there something that happened towards the end of last year that caused an increase in orders? Or I mean we're seeing an increase in the backlog, and sales level was kind of flat. So I'm just trying to wrap my head around exactly what factors are in play here and how that's going to look going forward?

Yes. The main factor in terms of trying to forecast and having variability between quarters is this is a project-based business. So we get the design in, we get the order on the system and then they pull off that order; it's timing based on when they get their installation resources on-site, which, like every company in the world, is hard to find resources. So that could delay it by a month or two in terms of the installation, and we don't ship it until they need it on-site. So purely tightening of from quarter to quarter is based on majority of this business today is project-based where it will ship large orders in the quarter; they'll install over the next two quarters, then they'll do another site and so on and so on. So, the good news is we're just on the tip of the sites in terms of the number of wind turbines today that have the ultracapacitor replacing that assay battery. But again, in general, it's just mainly timing based on project-based business.

So in this case, then, the backlog is probably an indicator than any current quarter sales. Would that be accurate?

I have to match it up. And again, the backlog indicator of the quarterly sales, you're going to see an increase in Q4 over Q3. So, I don't know if that answers your question or not.

Well, I'm not so much concerned. I don't mind the lumpiness. That works fine for me. But just that the backlog growing is just an indicator that somewhere down the road, there's going to be increased sales at some point?

Absolutely. Yes, we are adding every quarter more customers, more programs, more suppliers, but definitely with the key products that we now have, obviously with the patented products, we are getting more backlog and getting it from other customers because I'm a big believer. We don't want to get lenders, although we do have a very large customer out there for this product, but we're adding more and more.

And the locomotive you're testing right now, what does the ramp up for the locomotive business look like?

Yes, we're currently in it right now, but Q3 and Q4 will be huge shipments. Then over in Q1, we'll start building the superstructures and we'll see that majority of that revenue in Q2 for the specific program we have going on now with Progress Rail.

Nice. That sounds very encouraging. Well, thank you so much.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you. And our next question is coming from the line of P Ross Taylor from ARS Investment Partners. Your line is now open.

Thank you. Can you guys give us a little bit of color? You had a substantial amount of cash burn and give us an idea of how much longer you would expect to see that investment or how long does it take for that investment in inventory and the like to be shifted into revenues and seeing cash rebuilt instead of drawn down?

Hi, Ross. This is Bob Ben. During the last week of our fiscal third quarter, we shipped a significant amount of product to certain customers, and I'm happy to report that we collected cash shortly after the end of the third quarter in our fourth quarter. If those sales had occurred a bit earlier and been collected quicker, our cash flow in the third quarter would have looked much better. That's an important point to note. Looking ahead to our fourth quarter, I anticipate an improvement in accounts receivable as I mentioned earlier. Additionally, our inventory has increased significantly over the year for several reasons, including a 25% sales growth over the first nine months and ongoing supply chain issues that require higher in-stock levels. However, I do expect inventory growth to slow in the fourth quarter, even though it will still increase due to the challenges we face. Does that answer your question?

Yes. So, we're still in a period where you're looking at an inventory build, but cash flow should improve, and we should see a significant rebuild in cash this quarter. Is what I heard about?

Yes. If yes, once you take, you add the timing of the collections and that occurred in Q4 that related to Q3. Yes, that's a true statement.

Okay. You showed strong growth in backlog in the green space, but overall backlog was pretty flat down slightly. Can you talk about the components that led to that and why we should see, basically, you've talked in the past about mid-teens growth and why we should see the historic level of growth even though we had kind of flat backlog quarter-over-quarter? Obviously, the market is more than a little scared about something because it sold the stock off aggressively on what would generally I thought pretty strong numbers.

It's very difficult for us to understand. We just reported the best quarter in our history and as that goes down. The backlog is down primarily because of the semiconductor wafer fab industry. As you may remember, Congress issued something called the Chips Act, and because of that the largest customers in the semiconductor wafer fab said they were precluded from shipping their high-tech equipment into China and their business would be down 30% in the coming year. And we're seeing the impact of that for FY '24 and that's the reason the backlog is down.

But you would expect with the other side of the Chips Act is a two-edged or two-sided coin, and it has a pretty strong growth driver as you step out, does it not?

It does when they start to build wafer fabs in the United States.

Yes.

So, that should pick up the business and the large manufacturers in that space, Lam Research in particular, they're forecasting the second half of 2024 to be very strong, if not stronger than it is today.

Okay. That's great. And lastly, for me before I get back in the queue would be Progress Rail and talk about that. I think the initiatives you have in the green space are super exciting. I think that alone seems to be a company-changing opportunity. Can you talk when you see going from prototype to production in that program, the Progress Rail program?

Yes, this is Greg again. It all connects. We have great collaboration with two calls a week with the Progress Rail engineers in Brazil, along with monthly meetings. Currently, they have orders from clients like the Long Island Railroad and also from Australia. The product we will be producing and shipping will be very close to the final product. Once that's done, they will broaden the electric locomotives' capabilities to their entire customer base. The potential is immense. The timing is as I mentioned; we are in the process of building and shipping now, which is why you will see impressive numbers in Q3 and Q4. We will provide them with the superstructures for final assembly and shipping to customers, and then we can expect another significant surge in bookings and other programs, particularly with earnings in Northern, to name one.

We're very much on the verge of that program shifting from prototyping to production, and it's going to be something significant, as we've previously discussed regarding the economics of the space, which are substantial in terms of revenues, earnings, and cash flow potential. Can we expect to see that transition you mentioned over the next four fiscal quarters?

Absolutely. We'll be shipping our products that we're building and designing for them. We will build it up in the final assembly in the fall this year. And then, yes, in FY 2023 or calendar year 2023, we should be at full production or progress.

That's fantastic. That's clearly not priced into the stock at 17.5%, so thank you very much. Okay. I'll drop back in. Thank you.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you. And we have a follow-up question from Anja Soderstrom of Sidoti. Your line is open.

Thank you. I have a couple of follow-ups. So in terms of the green energy, you see a lot of opportunity with electric locomotives and currently just talking to Progress Rail. Are you exclusive with them or could you also talk to other manufacturers?

We're exclusive with them. For the products we built for them, we are exclusive but we're working with many, many companies in that space. I know there's two large ones in that space, and Richardson's got the reputation of being a unique niche manufacturer of products. And so we are talking to other customers, absolutely.

Okay. Thank you. That's encouraging to hear. And also in terms of the energy storage, you had a prototype that was due in this summer, I think. Where are you with that?

In the next quarter or this summer, we will introduce two key products for wind turbines and another for electric locomotives. The energy storage system is still in development. We have some beta-sized customers that we’re working with, but I anticipate having an alpha type product by late fall at the earliest. Currently, our focus is on these key products being introduced this quarter, as we have beta customers with whom we have weekly calls to refine the design for their specific applications. It's essential for our new product introduction process, and we have a key product that is already past initial stages, with existing customers ready to adopt it. We will allocate resources to ensure our energy storage system is operational.

Okay. Thank you. That was all from me.

Hi, good morning, Ed and team. Good to hear from you again. I wanted to follow up on Ross' question about moving from prototype to production. When we are talking about the electric locomotives, arena, when you talk about the revenues that are being generated currently, are these predominantly the lithium-ion modules that you're prototyping or are these smaller revenue per unit items like the electric start components? Maybe if you could help break that down and maybe just talk a little bit more concretely about the timing from or to type to commercial production or what you envision that possibility as?

Great. As of today in terms of production, it's battery modules that we're designing and making it based on lithium-ion phosphate technology. The reason we use the word prototype, it's because this is the first time they've built electric locomotives; they didn't have a standard product. This is the first electric locomotive built by progress rail, such as Caterpillar. And so we're in the design stage of that until that's completed, that's a prototype to me. But it is incomplete unison up in Progress Rail, and then they're incomplete unison with their end customers. And so I guess what I'm saying is even if we're saying prototype by the time it gets to the end customer here based on their projections in September, it will be production units. So that's kind of the transition from prototype to production.

I think the opportunity is actually huge. There are about 25,000 diesel locomotives in the United States; about half of them are Progress Rail, and everyone has a battery start, and those units are anywhere from $1,200 a piece to $5,000 a piece, and we're providing prototypes for those units as we speak. So the opportunity for the future is amazing, and we're just starting in that area.

Yes, I understand. When I think about the prototype, I wonder if there are competing technologies that might be chosen after its evaluation. For example, options like overhead wire systems, third rail, or possibly going back to traditional diesel. Are we past the point where these customers are undecided, or are they moving towards adopting wheel-driven lithium-ion modules for upgrades and future electric trains?

Yes. With Progress Rail, this year we shipped them over $18 million. So I think that's a commitment.

I understand. That's a valid point for sure. And Ed, could you maybe speak one more time? I know you and I have talked about this in the past, the advantages of your module versus overhead wire systems and third rail systems?

Sure. In the wind energy, the ultracapacitor module has a ten-year life versus less than two years for lead acid batteries. And these modules go 300 feet off the ground in the GE wind turbine in the corner of the turbine. And of course, every time it fails, the technician has to go 300 feet up to change it. So not only does the length of life on the module, but the cost and the downtime that's involved with lead acid batteries versus the ultracapacitor is certainly substantial. Greg, do you want to comment further on that?

Yes. We mentioned ahead. In addition, ultracapacitor technology. The thermals of those are much better than in essence car battery what they're using today. And the biggest cost is not the battery itself; it's the installation, repair, and switching it out in and out. So our product solves that problem for the cost advantage for them, but the technology itself works better in the wind turbines for that function. One of the main would be coming up…

Sorry, guys. I was actually asking about the electric locomotive and if you could compare the lithium-ion modules that you're building to competing technologies like overhead wire systems, electric locomotives, or third rail locomotives and maybe describe for us why this is a preferred technology for your end customer.

Yes. So we show the progress of a number of technologies. As I mentioned before with our technology partner, we showed the ultracapacitor technology. We showed them lithium-iron-phosphate technology. We showed them lithium capacitor, or hybrid ultracapacitor technology. And I can't speak to their whole system. But for their system, we're building a portion of that system. But for their whole system, that technology works best for them in terms of what that train needs to accomplish. Now these first trains are short term; I mean, commuter trains are not long hauls. We are talking with them about other technologies for their long-haul needs. So again, we support and supply the technology, and for their overall system, lithium-ion phosphate works best for their design.

Thank you, guys.

Okay.

Thank you. One moment for next question. Our next question coming from the line of P Ross Taylor from ARS Investment Partners. Your line is open.