Renalytix plc S-3, filed Apr 17, 2024

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Renalytix plc (RNLXY)

S-3 2024-04-17

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Added on October 26, 2026

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	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		3
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY		5
THE OFFERING		8
RISK FACTORS		10
USE OF PROCEEDS		11
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		12
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION		15
DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES		34
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS		46
TAXATION		49
LEGAL MATTERS		58
EXPERTS		58
MATERIAL CHANGES		58
SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITIES		59
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		61
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE		62


	ENGLAND	DELAWARE
Number of Directors	Under the Companies Act, a public limited company must have at least two directors and the number of directors may be fixed by or in the manner provided in a company’s articles of association.	Under Delaware law, a corporation must have at least one director and the number of directors shall be fixed by or in the manner provided in the bylaws.


Removal of Directors	Under the Companies Act, shareholders may remove a director without cause by an ordinary resolution (which is passed by a simple majority of those voting in person or by proxy at a general meeting) irrespective of any provisions of any service contract the director has with the company, provided 28 clear days’ notice of the resolution has been given to the company and its shareholders. On receipt of notice of an intended resolution to remove a director, the company must forthwith send a copy of the notice to the director concerned. Certain other procedural requirements under the Companies Act must also be followed, such as allowing the director to make representations against his or her removal either at the meeting or in writing.	Under Delaware law, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except (i) unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, in the case of a corporation whose board of directors is classified, stockholders may effect such removal only for cause, or (ii) in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board of directors is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his removal would be sufficient to elect him if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board of directors, or, if there are classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors of which he is a part.

Vacancies on the Board of Directors	Under English law, the procedure by which directors, other than a company’s initial directors, are appointed is generally set out in a company’s articles of association, provided that where two or more persons are appointed as directors of a public limited company by resolution of the shareholders, resolutions appointing each director must be voted on individually.	Under Delaware law, vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director unless (i) otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation or (ii) the certificate of incorporation directs that a particular class of stock is to elect such director, in which case a majority of the other directors elected by such class, or a sole remaining director elected by such class, will fill such vacancy.

Annual General Meeting	Under the Companies Act, a public limited company must hold an annual general meeting in each six-month period following the company’s annual accounting reference date.	Under Delaware law, the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or as provided in the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.

General Meeting	Under the Companies Act, a general meeting of the shareholders of a public limited company may be called by the directors. Shareholders holding at least 5% of the paid-up capital of the company carrying voting rights at general meetings (excluding any paid up capital held as	Under Delaware law, special meetings of the stockholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.


	treasury shares) can require the directors to call a general meeting and, if the directors fail to do so within a certain period, may themselves convene a general meeting.

Notice of General Meetings	Subject to a company’s articles of association providing for a longer period, under the Companies Act, at least 21 clear days’ notice must be given for an annual general meeting and any resolutions to be proposed at the meeting. Subject to a company’s articles of association providing for a longer period, at least 14 clear days’ notice is required for any other general meeting of a public limited company. In addition, certain matters, such as the removal of directors or auditors, require special notice, which is 28 clear days’ notice. The shareholders of a company may in all cases consent to a shorter notice period, the proportion of shareholders’ consent required being 100% of those entitled to attend and vote in the case of an annual general meeting and, in the case of any other general meeting, a majority in number of the members having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority who together hold not less than 95% in nominal value of the shares giving a right to attend and vote at the meeting.	Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, written notice of any meeting of the stockholders must be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting and shall specify the place, date, hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting.

Quorum	Subject to the provisions of a company’s articles of association, the Companies Act provides that two shareholders present at a meeting (in person, by proxy or authorized representative under the Companies Act) shall constitute a quorum for companies with more than one member.	The certificate of incorporation or bylaws may specify the number of shares, the holders of which shall be present or represented by proxy at any meeting in order to constitute a quorum, but in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one third of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting. In the absence of such specification in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, a majority of the shares entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders.

Proxy	Under the Companies Act, at any meeting of shareholders, a shareholder may designate another person to attend,	Under Delaware law, at any meeting of stockholders, a stockholder may designate another person to act for such


	speak and vote at the meeting on their behalf by proxy.	stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A director of a Delaware corporation may not issue a proxy representing the director’s voting rights as a director.

Preemptive Rights	Under the Companies Act, “equity securities,” being (i) shares in the company other than shares that, with respect to dividends and capital, carry a right to participate only up to a specified amount in a distribution, referred to as “ordinary shares,” or (ii) rights to subscribe for, or to convert securities into, ordinary shares, proposed to be allotted for cash must be offered first to the existing equity shareholders in the company in proportion to the respective nominal value of their holdings, unless an exception applies or a special resolution to the contrary has been passed by shareholders in a general meeting or the articles of association provide otherwise in each case in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act.	Under Delaware law, shareholders have no preemptive rights to subscribe to additional issues of stock or to any security convertible into such stock unless, and except to the extent that, such rights are expressly provided for in the certificate of incorporation.

Authority to Allot	Under the Companies Act, the directors of a company must not allot shares or grant rights to subscribe for or convert any security into shares unless an exception applies or an ordinary resolution to the contrary has been passed by shareholders in a general meeting or the articles of association provide otherwise, in each case in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act.	Under Delaware law, if the corporation’s charter or certificate of incorporation so provides, the board of directors has the power to authorize the issuance of stock. The board may authorize capital stock to be issued for consideration consisting of cash, any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the corporation or any combination thereof. It may determine the amount of such consideration by approving a formula. In the absence of actual fraud in the transaction, the judgment of the directors as to the value of such consideration is conclusive.

Liability of Directors and Officers	Under the Companies Act, any provision, whether contained in a company’s articles of association or any contract or otherwise, that purports to exempt a director of a company, to any extent, from any liability that would otherwise attach to him in connection with any negligence, default, breach of	Under Delaware law, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may include a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation and its stockholders for damages arising from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director. However,


	duty or breach of trust in relation to the company, is void. Any provision by which a company directly or indirectly provides an indemnity, to any extent, for a director of the company or of an associated company against any liability attaching to him in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company of which he is a director is also void except as permitted by the Companies Act, which provides exceptions for the company to (i) purchase and maintain insurance against such liability; (ii) provide a “qualifying third party indemnity,” or an indemnity against liability incurred by the director to a person other than the company or an associated company or criminal proceedings in which he is convicted; and (iii) provide a “qualifying pension scheme indemnity,” or an indemnity against liability incurred in connection with the company’s activities as trustee of an occupational pension plan.	no provision can limit the liability of a director for: • any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders; • acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; • intentional or negligent payment of unlawful dividends or stock purchases or redemptions; or • any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit.

Voting Rights	Under English law, unless a poll is demanded by the shareholders of a company or is required by the chairman of the meeting or the company’s articles of association, shareholders shall vote on all resolutions on a show of hands. Under the Companies Act, a poll may be demanded by (i) not fewer than five shareholders having the right to vote on the resolution; (ii) any shareholder(s) representing not less than 10% of the total voting rights of all the shareholders having the right to vote on the resolution (excluding any voting rights attaching to treasury shares); or (iii) any shareholder(s) holding shares in the company conferring a right to vote on the resolution (excluding any voting rights attaching to treasury shares) being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than 10% of the total sum paid up on all the shares conferring that right. A company’s articles of	Delaware law provides that, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder.


	association may provide more extensive rights for shareholders to call a poll. Under English law, an ordinary resolution is passed on a show of hands if it is approved by a simple majority (more than 50%) of the votes cast by shareholders present (in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote. If a poll is demanded, an ordinary resolution is passed if it is approved by holders representing a simple majority of the total voting rights of shareholders present, in person or by proxy, who, being entitled to vote, vote on the resolution. Special resolutions require the affirmative vote of not less than 75% of the votes cast by shareholders present, in person or by proxy, at the meeting. If a poll is demanded, a special resolution is passed if it is approved by holders representing not less than 75% of the total voting rights of shareholders in person or by proxy who, being entitled to vote, vote on the resolution.

Shareholder Vote on Certain Transactions	The Companies Act provides for schemes of arrangement, which are arrangements or compromises between a company and any class of shareholders or creditors and used in certain types of reconstructions, amalgamations, capital reorganizations or takeovers. These arrangements require: • the approval at a shareholders’ or creditors’ meeting convened by order of the court, of a majority in number of shareholders or creditors representing 75% in value of the capital held by, or debt owed to, the class of shareholders or creditors, or class thereof present and voting, either in person or by proxy; and • the approval of the court.	Generally, under Delaware law, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for the vote of a larger portion of the stock, completion of a merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets or dissolution requires: • the approval of the board of directors; and • the approval by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock or, if the certificate of incorporation provides for more or less than one vote per share, a majority of the votes of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote on the matter.

Standard of Conduct for Directors	Under English law, a director owes various statutory and fiduciary duties to the company, including: • to act in the way he considers, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the	Delaware law does not contain specific provisions setting forth the standard of conduct of a director. The scope of the fiduciary duties of directors is generally determined by the courts of the State of Delaware. In general, directors have a


	company for the benefit of its members as a whole; • to avoid a situation in which he has, or can have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or possibly conflicts, with the interests of the company; • to act in accordance with the company’s constitution and only exercise his powers for the purposes for which they are conferred; • to exercise independent judgment; • to exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence; • not to accept benefits from a third party conferred by reason of his being a director or doing, or not doing, anything as a director; and • to declare any interest that he has, whether directly or indirectly, in a proposed or existing transaction or arrangement with the company.	duty to act without self-interest, on a well-informed basis and in a manner they reasonably believe to be in the best interest of the stockholders. Directors of a Delaware corporation owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporation and to its shareholders. The duty of care generally requires that a director acts in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. In general, but subject to certain exceptions, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Delaware courts have also imposed a heightened standard of conduct upon directors of a Delaware corporation who take any action designed to defeat a threatened change in control of the corporation. In addition, under Delaware law, when the board of directors of a Delaware corporation approves the sale or break-up of a corporation, the board of directors may, in certain circumstances, have a duty to obtain the highest value reasonably available to the shareholders.

Shareholder Litigation	Under English law, generally, the company, rather than its shareholders, is the proper claimant in an action in respect of a wrong done to the company or where there is an irregularity in the company’s internal management. Notwithstanding this general position,	Under Delaware law, a stockholder may initiate a derivative action to enforce a right of a corporation if the corporation fails to enforce the right itself. The complaint must: • state that the plaintiff was a stockholder at the time of the


SERVICE		FEE
Issuance of ADSs (e.g., an issuance of ADS(s) upon a deposit of ordinary shares or upon a change in the ADS(s)-to-ordinary shares ratio, or for any other reason), excluding ADS issuances as a result of distributions of ordinary shares		Up to $0.05 per ADS issued

Cancellation of ADSs (e.g., a cancellation of ADSs for delivery of deposited property or upon a change in the ADS(s)-to-ordinary shares ratio, or for any other reason)		Up to $0.05 per ADS cancelled

Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions (e.g., upon a sale of rights and other entitlements)		Up to $0.05 per ADS held

Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i) share dividends or other distributions, or (ii) exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs		Up to $0.05 per ADS held

Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase additional ADSs (e.g., upon a spin-off)		Up to $0.05 per ADS held

ADS Services		Up to $0.05 per ADS held on the applicable record date(s) established by the depositary


SERVICE		FEE

Registration of ADS transfers (e.g., upon a registration of the transfer of registered ownership of ADSs, upon a transfer of ADSs into DTC and vice versa, or for any other reason)		Up to $0.05 per ADS transferred

Conversion of ADSs of one series for ADSs of another series (e.g., upon conversion of partial entitlement ADSs for full entitlement ADSs, or upon conversion of Restricted ADSs (as defined in the Deposit Agreement) into freely transferable ADSs, and vice versa)		Up to $0.05 per ADS converted


Name of Selling Securityholder	Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to the Offering⁽¹⁾		Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to the Offering⁽¹⁾			Number of Shares Registered for Sale Hereby		Number of Shares Beneficially Owned After the Offering⁽¹⁾		Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned After the Offering⁽¹⁾
NR Holdings Limited⁽²⁾		4,001,187		3.34	%		2,157,867		1,843,320		1.54	%
Pentwater Capital Management LP⁽³⁾		4,954,450		4.13	%		2,589,441		2,365,009		1.97	%
1798 Volantis Fund Ltd⁽⁴⁾		4,000,000		3.34	%		2,213,109		1,786,891		1.49	%
Quantitative Limited⁽⁵⁾		69,160		*			69,160		—		—
Hamilton Stuart Capital Ltd⁽⁶⁾		345,798		*			345,798		—		—
TCM Wealth Ltd⁽⁷⁾		331,966		*			331,966		—		—
Argon Financial Limited⁽⁸⁾		276,639		*			276,639		—		—
Polar Capital Funds Plc – Healthcare Discovery Fund⁽⁹⁾		147,684		*			32,368		115,316		*
Polar Capital Funds Plc – Biotechnology Fund⁽⁹⁾		9,362,655		7.81	%		5,362,300		4,000,355		3.34	%
Global Prime Partners Nominees Ltd⁽¹⁰⁾		50,000		*			27,664		22,336		*
CVI Investments, Inc.⁽¹¹⁾		4,250,000		3.54	%		4,250,000		—		—
Walpole St. Andrew Nominees Ltd⁽¹²⁾		1,037,395		*			1,037,395		—		—
Smith & Williamson Nominees Limited⁽¹³⁾		459,952		*			359,630		100,322		*
Harwood Capital⁽¹⁴⁾		10,500,533		8.76	%		82,992		10,417,541		8.69	%
Tavira Financial Limited⁽¹⁵⁾		207,479		*			207,479		—		—
Hartbridge Capital Ltd⁽¹⁶⁾		55,430		*			55,430		—		—
New Harbour Investments Ltd⁽¹⁷⁾		20,646		*			20,646		—		—
First Equity Limited⁽¹⁸⁾		276,639		*			276,639		—		—
Stifel Europe Nicolaus Limited⁽¹⁹⁾		289,508		*			289,508		—		—


SEC registration fee	$	1,232.34
Legal fees and expenses		(1	)
Accounting fees and expenses		(1	)
Printing expenses		(1	)
Miscellaneous expenses		(1	)

Total		(1	)


		INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT	SCHEDULE/ FORM	FILE NUMBER		EXHIBIT		FILE DATE

3.1	Articles of Association	Form F-1		333-239414		3.1		6/24/2020

4.1	Form of Deposit Agreement.	Form F-1/A		333-239414		4.1		7/13/2020

4.2	Form of American Depositary Receipt (included in exhibit 4.1).	Form F-1/A		333-239414		4.1		7/13/2020

4.3	Placing Agreement dated March 12, 2024, by and between Renalytix plc and Stifel Nicolaus Europe Limited	Form 8-K		001-39387		10.1		3/12/2024

5.1	Opinion of Cooley (UK) LLP.

23.1	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.

23.2	Consent of Cooley (UK) LLP (included in exhibit 5.1).

24.1	Power of Attorney (included on signature page to registration statement).

107	Filing Fee Table.


RENALYTIX PLC

By:		/s/ James McCullough
		Name: James McCullough
		Title: Chief Executive Officer


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ James McCullough James McCullough	Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	April 17, 2024

/s/ O. James Sterling O. James Sterling	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	April 17, 2024

/s/ Fergus Fleming Fergus Fleming	Chief Technical Officer and Director	April 17, 2024

/s/ Catherine Coste Catherine Coste	Director	April 17, 2024

/s/ Daniel J. Levangie Daniel J. Levangie	Director	April 17, 2024

/s/ Erik Lium Erik Lium, Ph.D.	Director	April 17, 2024

/s/ Christopher Mills Christopher Mills	Director	April 17, 2024


RENALYTIX AI, INC.

By:		/s/ O. James Sterling
		Name: O. James Sterling
		Title: Authorized Signatory