ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc F-3, filed Aug 26, 2022
ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (RETO)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 26, 2022
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
| British Virgin Islands | Not Applicable | |
| (State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
c/o Beijing REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd.
X-702, Runfengdeshangyuan, 60 Anli Road, Chaoyang District
Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100101
Tel: (+86) 10-64827328
(Address and telephone number of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Vcorp Agent Services, Inc.
25 Robert Pitt Dr., Suite 204
Monsey, New York 10952
(888) 528-2677
(Name, address, and telephone number of agent for service)
Copies of Correspondence to:
Wei Wang, Esq.
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10105
Phone: (212) 370-1300
Fax: (212) 370-7889
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective as determined in light of market conditions.
If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We cannot sell these securities until the registration statement that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where their offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, dated August 26, 2022
PROSPECTUS
ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc.
US$200,000,000
Common Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Rights
Units
We may offer, issue and sell from time to time common shares, par value US$0.001 per share (“Common Shares”), debt securities, warrants, rights or units up to US$200,000,000 or its equivalent in any other currency, currency units, or composite currency or currencies in one or more issuances. We may sell any combination of these securities in one or more offerings.
This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities and the general manner in which they may be offered. The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in a supplement to this prospectus or incorporated into this prospectus by reference. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest. Each prospectus supplement will indicate if the securities offered thereby will be listed or quoted on a securities exchange or quotation system.
The information contained or incorporated in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, or such prospectus supplement, as applicable, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities.
Our Common Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “RETO.” On August 24, 2022, the closing sale price of the Common Shares was US$0.631. As of August 23, 2022, the aggregate market value of our outstanding Common Shares held by non-affiliates was approximately US$17,628,623 based on 43,108,112 issued and outstanding Common Shares, of which approximately 28,214,826 Common Shares were held by non-affiliates. We have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on, and includes, the date of this prospectus. The highest closing sale price of our Common Shares as reported by the Nasdaq Capital Market within the 60 days prior to the date of this filing was US$0.94 per share on August 10, 2022, which would allow us to offer up to approximately $8,840,645 of securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3 as of the date of this prospectus.
We may offer securities through underwriting syndicates managed or co-managed by one or more underwriters, through agents, or directly to purchasers. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe the plan of distribution for that offering. For general information about the distribution of securities offered, please see “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.
The principal executive offices of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (“ReTo”) is located at c/o Beijing REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd., X-702, Runfengdeshangyuan, 60 Anli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100101, and its telephone number is (+86) 10-64827328. The registered office of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. in the British Virgin Islands is located at Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickham’s Cay II,, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
In this prospectus, “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” the “Company,” or similar terms refer to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”). Investors are purchasing an interest in ReTo, the British Virgin Islands holding company.
Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a significant degree of risk. ReTo is not an operating company established in the PRC, but a holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. As a holding company with no material operations of its own, ReTo conducts substantially all of its operations through its subsidiaries established in. Our securities offered in this prospectus are securities of our British Virgin Islands holding company.
In addition, as we conduct substantially all of our operations in China, we are subject to legal and operational risks associated with having substantially all of our operations in China, which risks could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and made a number of public statements on the regulation of business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. We have relied on the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, that as of the date of this prospectus, we are not directly subject to these regulatory actions or statements, as we have not implemented any monopolistic behavior and our business does not involve large-scale collection of user data, implicate cybersecurity, or involve any other type of restricted industry. As further advised by our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, as of the date of this prospectus, no relevant laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require us to seek approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) or any other PRC governmental authorities for our overseas listing or securities offering plans, nor has our company or any of our subsidiaries received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our offering of securities from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities. However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published and official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued, it is highly uncertain what potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operations, or ability to accept foreign investments and list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (the “SCNPC”) or other PRC regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules that require our company or any of our subsidiaries to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before offering securities in the U.S. Any future Chinese, U.S., British Virgin Islands or other laws, rules and regulations that place restrictions on capital raising or other activities by companies with extensive operations in China could adversely affect our business and results of operations. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business in China” beginning on page 22 for a detailed description of various risks related to doing business in China and other information that should be considered before making a decision to purchase any of our securities.
Furthermore, as more stringent criteria have been imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) recently, our securities may be prohibited from trading if our auditor cannot be fully inspected. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued its determination that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in those jurisdictions, and the PCAOB included in the report of its determination a list of the accounting firms that are headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong. This list does not include our auditor, YCM CPA, Inc. Our auditor is based in the U.S., registered with PCAOB and subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. However, the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections in China without the approval of Chinese government authorities. If it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Any audit reports not issued by auditors that are completely inspected by the PCAOB, or a lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in China that prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures, could result in a lack of assurance that our financial statements and disclosures are adequate and accurate, then such lack of inspection could cause our securities to be delisted from the stock exchange. See risks disclosed under “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our Common Shares may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors. The delisting of our Common Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three” on page 27.
As a holding company, ReTo relies on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its operating subsidiaries for cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to its shareholders or to service any expenses it may incur. Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, under PRC law, each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If any of our PRC subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to ReTo. To date, there have not been any such dividends or other distributions from our PRC subsidiaries to our subsidiary located outside of China, ReTo or its shareholders outside of China. Furthermore, as of the date of this prospectus, neither ReTo nor any of its subsidiaries have ever paid dividends or made distributions to U.S. investors. ReTo is permitted under PRC laws and regulations as an offshore holding company to provide funding to its PRC subsidiaries in China through shareholder loans or capital contributions, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration, approval and filing requirements. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises in China, there are no quantity limits on ReTo’s ability to make capital contributions to its PRC subsidiaries. However, our PRC subsidiaries may not procure loans which exceed the difference between their total investment amount as recorded in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System and their respective registered capital or 2.5 times of their net worth. In the future, cash proceeds raised from overseas financing activities may continue to be transferred by ReTo to the PRC subsidiaries via capital contribution or shareholder loans, as the case may be. We intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings for the development and growth of our business in China. We do not expect to pay dividends or distribute earnings in the foreseeable future.
To date, fund transfers have occurred between ReTo and its subsidiaries. The sources of funds of ReTo to its subsidiaries primarily consisted of shareholders capital injection and cash generated from operations. For details of the transfers between ReTo and its subsidiaries, see “Prospectus Summary—Cash and Other Assets Transfers between the Holding Company and Its Subsidiaries.”
We maintain bank accounts in China, including cash in Renminbi in the amount of RMB4,039,476 and cash in USD in the amount of US$229,295 as of June 30, 2022. Funds are transferred between ReTo and its subsidiaries for their daily operation purposes. The transfer of funds between our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Private Lending Cases (2020 Second Revision, the “Provisions on Private Lending Cases”), which was implemented on January 1, 2021 to regulate the financing activities between natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations. The Provisions on Private Lending Cases set forth that private lending contracts will be upheld as invalid under the circumstance that (i) the lender swindles loans from financial institutions for relending; (ii) the lender relends the funds obtained by means of a loan from another profit-making legal person, raising funds from its employees, illegally taking deposits from the public; (iii) the lender who has not obtained the lending qualification according to the law lends money to any unspecified object of the society for the purpose of making profits; (iv) the lender lends funds to a borrower when the lender knows or should have known that the borrower intended to use the borrowed funds for illegal or criminal purposes; (v) the lending is in violation of public orders or good morals; or (vi) the lending is in violation of mandatory provisions of laws or administrative regulations. We have relied on the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, that the Provisions on Private Lending Cases does not prohibit using cash generated from one subsidiary to fund another subsidiary’s operations. We have not been notified of any other restriction which could limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to transfer cash between subsidiaries. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not installed any cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred between us and our subsidiaries.
Most of our cash is in Renminbi, and the PRC government could prevent the cash maintained in the PRC or Hong Kong from leaving, could restrict deployment of the cash into the business of its subsidiaries and restrict the ability to pay dividends. For details regarding the restrictions on our ability to transfer cash between us and our subsidiaries, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Restrictions on currency exchange or outbound capital flows may limit our ability to utilize our PRC revenue effectively,” “Risk Factors —Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control in currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering or follow-on offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business,” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The PRC government could prevent the cash maintained from leaving the PRC, restrict deployment of the cash into the business of our PRC subsidiaries and restrict the ability to pay dividends to U.S. investors, which could materially adversely affect our operations.”
Investing in our securities remains subject to the M&A, The Act and involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 22 of this prospectus, in any accompanying prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus before making any decision to invest in our securities.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information provided by this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any information incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different or additional information or to make any representations other than those contained in or incorporated by reference to this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the securities described in this prospectus outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the securities described in this prospectus and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States. This prospectus is not an offer to sell, or solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities in any circumstances under which the offer of solicitation is unlawful.
i
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf registration” process. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, sell any combination of the securities of ReTo described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of up to US$200,000,000 (or its equivalent in foreign or composite currencies).
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that may be offered. Each time we offer ReTo securities, we will provide you with a supplement to this prospectus that will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities we offer. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus, together with applicable prospectus supplements and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplements, includes all material information relating to an offering pursuant to this prospectus. Please read carefully both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of securities described in this prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information that we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS PROSPECTUS
Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus reflects the following:
| ● | “Act” refers to The BVI Business Companies Act, 2004 (as amended). | |
| ● | “Beijing REIT” refers to Beijing REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company; | |
| ● | “Beijing REIT Ecological” refers to Beijing REIT Ecological Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company; | |
| ● | “BVI” refers to British Virgin Islands; | |
| ● | “CAC” refers to the Cyberspace Administration of China; |
| ● | “China” or “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this prospectus only, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau; |
| ● | “Common Shares” refers to common shares of par value $0.001 per share issued in ReTo; | |
| ● | “CSRC” refers to the China Securities Regulatory Commission; |
| ● | “Exchange Act” refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; |
| ● | “FINRA” refers to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; | |
| ● | “Hainan Yile IoT” refers to Hainan Yile IoT Technology Co., Ltd, a PRC limited liability company and subsidiary of REIT Mingde; | |
| ● | “JOBS Act” refers to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, enacted in April 2012; | |
| ● | “M&A” refers to the memorandum and articles of association currently adopted by ReTo, as amended from time to time; |
ii
| ● | “MOFCOM” refers to China’s Ministry of Commerce; | |
| ● | “PCAOB” refers to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States; |
| ● | “REIT Changjiang” refers to REIT MingSheng Environment Protection Construction Materials (Changjiang) Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company; | |
| ● | “REIT Construction” refers to Hainan REIT Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company; |
| ● | “REIT Holdings” refers to REIT Holdings (China) Limited, a Hong Kong limited company and a wholly owned subsidiary of ReTo; | |
| ● | “REIT Mingde” refers to Hainan REIT Mingde Investment Holding Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd.; |
| ● | “REIT Technology” refers to REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company and subsidiary of REIT Holdings; | |
| ● | “REIT Yancheng” Refers to REIT Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of REIT Holdings; | |
| ● | “ReTo” refers to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc., a BVI business company (registered in the BVI with company number 1885527); |
| ● | “RMB” or “Renminbi” refer to the legal currency of the People’s Republic of China; | |
| ● | “Ruirong” refers to Langfang Ruirong Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd., a PRC limited company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Beijing REIT, which was dissolved on August 25, 2021; |
| ● | “SAFE” refers to China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange; |
| ● | “SAT” refers to China’s State Administration of Taxation; |
| ● | “SEC” refers to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; |
| ● | “Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; |
| ● | “US$,” “$,” “dollars,” “USD” or “U.S. dollars” refer to the legal currency of the United States; |
| ● | “U.S. GAAP” refers to the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States; and |
| ● | “Xinyi REIT” refers to REIT New Materials Xinyi Co., Ltd, a joint venture established by Beijing REIT; | |
| ● | “We”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company” refers to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. |
iii
This prospectus contains information and statistics relating to China’s economy and the industries in which we operate derived from various publications issued by market research companies and PRC governmental entities, which have not been independently verified by us. The information in such sources may not be consistent with other information compiled in or outside of China.
For the sake of clarity, this prospectus follows the English naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual’s name is Chinese or English. For example, the name of our chief executive officer will be presented as “Hengfang Li”, even though, in Chinese, his name would be presented as “Li Hengfang”.
Our reporting and functional currency is the Renminbi. Solely for the convenience of the reader, this prospectus contains translations of some RMB amounts into U.S. dollars, at specified rates. Except as otherwise stated in this prospectus, all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars are made at RMB6.3643 to US$1.00, the rate published by the Federal Reserve Board on April 8, 2022. No representation is made that the RMB amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at such rate.
Our fiscal year end is December 31. References to a particular “fiscal year” are to our fiscal year ended December 31 of that calendar year.
References in any prospectus supplement to “the accompanying prospectus” are to this prospectus and to “the prospectus” are to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement taken together.
We own or have rights to trademarks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate names, logos and website names. In addition, we own or have the rights to copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary rights that protect the content of our products. This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Our use or display of third parties’ trademarks, service marks, trade names or products in this prospectus is not intended to, and should not be read to, imply a relationship with or endorsement or sponsorship of us. Solely for convenience, some of the copyrights, trade names and trademarks referred to in this prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference herein are listed without their ©, ® and ™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our copyrights, trade names and trademarks. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
iv
Investors in our securities are not purchasing an equity interest in our operating entities in China but instead are purchasing an equity interest in a British Virgin Islands holding company.
This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that may be important to you and your investment decision. Before investing in the securities that we are offering, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the matters set forth under the section of this prospectus captioned “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the financial statements and related notes and other information that we incorporate by reference herein, including, but not limited to, our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report”) and our other SEC reports.
Overview
We, through our operating subsidiaries in China, are engaged in the manufacture and distribution of eco-friendly construction materials (aggregates, bricks, pavers and tiles), made from mining waste (iron tailings), as well as equipment used for the production of these eco-friendly construction materials. In addition, we provide consultation, design, project implementation and construction of urban ecological protection projects through our operating subsidiaries in China. We also provide parts, engineering support, consulting, technical advice and service, and other project-related solutions for our manufacturing equipment and environmental protection projects. As more fully described below under the heading “Our Products and Services,” through the newly acquired subsidiaries, we have expanded our product and service offerings to include roadside assistance services, and software development services and solutions utilizing Internet of Things (“IoT”) technologies.
We currently provide a full spectrum of products and services related to recycling and reuse of solid wastes, from producing eco-friendly construction materials and manufacturing equipment used to produce construction materials, to project installation. We differentiate us from our competitors through strong research and development capabilities and advanced technologies and systems.
Our products are eco-friendly, as they contain approximately 70% of reclaimed iron tailings in place of traditional cement. The use of reclaimed iron tailings assists in the protection of the environment by saving space in landfills used for the disposal of these materials, and assisting in the remediation and reclamation of abandoned or closed mining sites. In addition, we believe less energy is consumed when manufacturing our eco-friendly construction materials as compared with other traditional building materials. We believe our eco-friendly construction materials, with superior water permeability and competitive prices, are in greater demand than traditional materials as governments and others increase their focus on reducing the environmental impact of their activities.
Due to China’s recent emphasis on environmental protection, we believe there is a unique opportunity to grow our company, which we expect will be driven by demand for our eco-friendly construction materials and equipment used to produce these materials as well as our project construction expertise. We believe our technological know-how, production capacity, reputation and offerings of products and services will enable us to seize this opportunity.
Our clients are located throughout mainland China, and internationally in Middle East, Southeastern Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. We are actively pursuing additional clients for our products, equipment and projects, internationally in Bangladesh, North America and in additional provinces of China. We seek to establish long-term relationships with our clients by producing and delivering high-quality products and equipment and by providing technical support and consulting services after equipment is delivered and projects are completed.
Holding Company Structure
ReTo is a business company incorporated in the BVI with no material operations of its own. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries established in the PRC. Our equity structure is a direct holding structure, that is, ReTo, the BVI entity listed in the U.S., controls Beijing REIT and other PRC operating entities through REIT Holdings. See “—History and Development of the Company” for more details.
1
We face various risks and uncertainties relating to doing business in China. Our business operations are primarily conducted in China, and we are subject to complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. For example, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals on offshore offerings, anti-monopoly regulatory actions, and oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, as well as the lack of inspection on our auditors by the PCAOB, which may impact our ability to conduct certain businesses, accept foreign investments, or list and conduct offerings on a United States or other foreign exchange. These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Common Shares, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline. For a detailed description of risks relating to doing business in China, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”
The PRC government’s significant authority in regulating our operations and its oversight and control over offerings conducted overseas by, and foreign investment in, China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors. Implementation of industry-wide regulations in this nature may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline. For more details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The PRC government’s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Common Shares.”
Risks and uncertainties arising from the legal system in China, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and quickly evolving rules and regulations in China, could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Common Shares. For more details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.”
Cash and Other Assets Transfers between the Holding Company and Its Subsidiaries
As a result of ReTo’s initial public offering (“IPO”) which closed in November 2017, ReTo received net proceeds of approximately $14.3 million. In March 2021, ReTo issued a convertible debenture to an institutional investor in the principal amount of $2,300,000 and received net proceeds of $1,476,915. In July 2021, ReTo issued a convertible debenture to an institutional investor in the principal amount of $2,500,000 and received net proceeds of $2,189,256. In March 2022, ReTo issued the Note (as defined below) in the principal amount of $3,105,000 and received net proceeds of $3,000,000. As of the date of this prospectus, with respect to the net proceeds from the IPO and the convertible debentures and the Note, ReTo had transferred an aggregate of approximately $18.5 million to Beijing REIT through REIT Holdings via shareholder loans and capital contribution. ReTo had kept the remaining approximately $0.4 million in its own account. On May 25, 2022, ReTo issued 5,970,000 Common Shares to Hainan Tashanshi Digital Information Co. Ltd. at $0.60 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $3,582,000, RMB19.6 million (approximately $2.9 million) of which was transferred to Beijing REIT as a shareholder loan and approximately RMB4.4 million (approximately $0.6 million) of which was transferred to REIT Holdings as a shareholder loan.
Other than the IPO, the convertible debentures and the Note, ReTo has not raised funds from investors as of the date of this prospectus, nor has it transferred any other funds to its subsidiaries. To date, there have not been any dividends or other distributions from our PRC subsidiaries to REIT Holdings and ReTo, both of which are located outside of mainland China. ReTo, as a BVI holding company, may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its PRC subsidiaries for its cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to its shareholders, subject to ReTo’s M&A and the Act or to service any expenses and other obligations it may incur.
Within our direct holding structure, the cross-border transfer of funds from ReTo to its PRC subsidiaries is permitted under laws and regulations of the PRC currently in effect. Specifically, ReTo is permitted to provide funding to its PRC subsidiaries in the form of shareholder loans or capital contributions, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration, approval and filing requirements in China. There are no quantity limits on ReTo’s ability to make capital contributions to its PRC subsidiaries under the PRC law and regulations. However, the PRC subsidiaries may only procure shareholder loans from REIT Holding in an amount equal to the difference between their respective registered capital and total investment amount as recorded in the Chinese Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System or 2.5 times of its net assets, at the discretion of such PRC subsidiary.
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For additional information, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China— PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may restrict or prevent ReTo from making additional capital contributions or loans to its PRC subsidiaries.”
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules, the requirements of ReTo’s M&A and the Act, the gross amount of any distribution that we make to investors with respect to our securities (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC withholding taxes) will be taxable as a dividend, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Any proposed dividend would be subject to ReTo’s M&A and the Act; specifically, ReTo may only pay a dividend if ReTo’s directors are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the dividend is paid, the value of its assets will exceed its liabilities and it will be able to pay its debts as they fall due.
The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”) and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by PRC companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and the governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax resident. Pursuant to the tax agreement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10%. However, if the relevant tax authorities determine that our transactions or arrangements are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the reduced 5% withholding rate will apply to dividends received by our Hong Kong subsidiary from our PRC subsidiaries. This withholding tax will reduce the amount of dividends we may receive from our PRC subsidiaries.
We maintain bank accounts in China, including cash in Renminbi in the amount of RMB4,039,476 and cash in USD in the amount of US$229,295 as of June 30, 2022. Funds are transferred between ReTo and its subsidiaries for their daily operation purposes. The transfer of funds between our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Private Lending Cases (2020 Second Revision, the “Provisions on Private Lending Cases”), which was implemented on January 1, 2021 to regulate the financing activities between natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations. The Provisions on Private Lending Cases set forth that private lending contracts will be upheld as invalid under the circumstance that (i) the lender swindles loans from financial institutions for relending; (ii) the lender relends the funds obtained by means of a loan from another profit-making legal person, raising funds from its employees, illegally taking deposits from the public; (iii) the lender who has not obtained the lending qualification according to the law lends money to any unspecified object of the society for the purpose of making profits; (iv) the lender lends funds to a borrower when the lender knows or should have known that the borrower intended to use the borrowed funds for illegal or criminal purposes; (v) the lending is in violation of public orders or good morals; or (vi) the lending is in violation of mandatory provisions of laws or administrative regulations. We have relied on the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, that the Provisions on Private Lending Cases does not prohibit using cash generated from one subsidiary to fund another subsidiary’s operations. We have not been notified of any other restriction which could limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to transfer cash between subsidiaries. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not installed any cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred between us and our subsidiaries.
There is no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on the ability of us or our subsidiaries to transfer cash. Most of our cash is in Renminbi, and the PRC government could prevent the cash maintained from leaving the PRC, could restrict deployment of the cash into the business of our subsidiaries and restrict the ability to pay dividends. For details regarding the restrictions on our ability to transfer cash between us, and our subsidiaries, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China— The PRC government could prevent the cash maintained from leaving the PRC, restrict deployment of the cash into the business of its subsidiaries and restrict the ability to pay dividends to U.S. investors, which could materially adversely affect our operations.” We currently do not have cash management policies that dictate how funds are transferred between us, our subsidiaries, and the VIE.
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Restrictions on Our Ability to Transfer Cash Out of China and to U.S. Investors
Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, under PRC law, each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If any of our PRC subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to ReTo.
To address persistent capital outflows and the RMB’s depreciation against the U.S. dollar in the fourth quarter of 2016, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, implemented a series of capital control measures in the subsequent months, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls and our PRC subsidiaries’ dividends and other distributions may be subject to tightened scrutiny in the future. The PRC government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any.
Effect of Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”), which was signed into law on December 18, 2020, requires a foreign company to submit that it is not owned or manipulated by a foreign government or disclose the ownership of governmental entities and certain additional information, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect completely a foreign auditor that signs the company’s financial statements. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the Company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the Company’s securities will be prohibited from trading on a national exchange. The U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act on June 22, 2021, which, if enacted, would decrease the number of non-inspection years from three years to two, thus reducing the time period before our ordinary shares may be prohibited from trading or delisted. Due to a position taken by the CSRC, the PCAOB is prevented from fully inspecting auditing records and evaluating quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, the investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firms’ audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause existing and potential investors in our ordinary shares to lose confidence in our reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements. These developments could add uncertainties to our offering, including the possibility that the SEC may prohibit trading in our securities if the PCAOB cannot fully inspect or investigate our auditor and we fail to appoint a new auditor that is accessible to the PCAOB and that Nasdaq can delist our ordinary shares.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued its determination that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in those jurisdictions, and the PCAOB included in the report of its determination a list of the accounting firms that are headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong. This list does not include YCM CPA Inc., our current auditor. Our auditor, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. However, the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections in China without the approval of Chinese government authorities. If it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Any audit reports not issued by auditors that are completely inspected by the PCAOB, or a lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in China that prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures, could result in a lack of assurance that our financial statements and disclosures are adequate and accurate, then such lack of inspection could cause our securities to be delisted from the stock exchange.
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On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules implementing the HFCAA. Such final rules establish procedures that the SEC will follow in (i) determining whether a registrant is a “Commission-Identified Issuer” (a registrant identified by the SEC as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction) and (ii) prohibiting the trading of an issuer that is a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years under the HFCAA. The SEC began identifying Commission-Identified Issuers for the fiscal years beginning after December 18, 2020. A Commission-Identified Issuer is required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. If a registrant is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer based on its annual report for the fiscal year ended, for example, September 30, 2021, the registrant will be required to comply with the submission or disclosure requirements in its annual report filing covering the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
For details on the effects of HFCAA on us, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our Common Shares may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors. The delisting of our Common Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three.”
Regulatory Permissions and Developments
We have been advised by our PRC Counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, that pursuant to the relevant laws and regulations in China, none of our PRC subsidiaries’ currently engaged business is stipulated on the Special Administrative Measures for the Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Version) (the “2021 Negative List”) promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce (the “MOFCOM”) and the National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China (“NDRC”) which entered into force on January 1, 2022. Therefore, our PRC subsidiaries are able to conduct their business without being subject to restrictions imposed by the foreign investment laws and regulations of the PRC. Certain of the business scope of our PRC subsidiaries are listed on the 2021 Negative List, such as value-added telecommunication business, which the ratio of investment by foreign investors in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of a value-added telecommunication business (except e-commerce, domestic multi-party communication, storage and forwarding class and call center) shall not exceed 50%. Based on the confirmation of the PRC subsidiaries, these subsidiaries have not been actually engaged in such business activities.
Certain of the business stated on the business license of our PRC subsidiaries are subject to additional licenses and permits, such as value-added telecommunication certification and construction enterprise qualifications. Based on the confirmation of the PRC subsidiaries, these subsidiaries have not been actually engaged in business activities those require special licenses or permits and they will only carry out business activities after obtaining corresponding licenses or permits. Currently, none of our PRC subsidiaries is required to obtain additional licenses or permits beyond a regular business license for their operations currently being conducted. Each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to obtain a regular business license from the local branch of the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”). Each of our PRC subsidiaries has obtained a valid business license for its respective business scope, and no application for any such license has been denied.
As of the date of this prospectus, ReTo and its PRC subsidiaries are not subject to permission requirements from the CSRC, the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) or any other entity that is required to approve of its PRC subsidiaries’ operations. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and made a number of public statements on the regulation of business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement.
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Among other things, the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rules”) and Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China pro mulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress which became effective in 2008 and amended and put into effect as from 1 August 2022 (the “Anti-Monopoly Law”), established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. Such regulation requires, among other things, that the State Administration for Market Regulation be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor acquires control of a PRC domestic enterprise or a foreign company with substantial PRC operations, if certain thresholds under the Provisions of the State Council on the Standard for Declaration of Concentration of Business Operators, issued by the State Council in 2008 and amended on 19 September 2018, are triggered. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that transactions which involve the national security, the examination on the national security shall also be conducted according to the relevant provisions of the State Council. In addition, the PRC Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment which became effective in January 2021 require acquisitions by foreign investors of PRC companies engaged in military-related or certain other industries that are crucial to national security be subject to security review before consummation of any such acquisition.
On July 6, 2021, the relevant PRC governmental authorities made public the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the Law. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based overseas-listed companies. As these opinions are recently issued, official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued yet and the interpretation of these opinions remains unclear at this stage. Given the current PRC regulatory environment, it is uncertain when and whether ReTo, REIT Holdings or any of our PRC subsidiaries will be required to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even when such permission is obtained, whether it will be denied or rescinded.
On July 10, 2021, the CAC published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (Revised Draft for Comments), or the Measures, for public comments, which propose to authorize the relevant government authorities to conduct cybersecurity review on a range of activities that affect or may affect national security, including listings in foreign countries by companies that possess the personal data of more than one million users. On December 28, 2021, the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version) was promulgated and became effective on February 15, 2022, which iterates that any “online platform operators” controlling personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version), further elaborates the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments after listing abroad. We have relied on the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, that as a result of: (i) we do not hold personal information on more than one million users in our business operations; and (ii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities, we are not required to apply for a cybersecurity review under the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version).
As advised by our PRC legal counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, the PRC governmental authorities may have wide discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, including the interpretation of the scope of “critical information infrastructure operators”. In anticipation of the strengthened implementation of cybersecurity laws and regulations and the continued expansion of our business, we may face challenges in addressing its requirements and make necessary changes to our internal policies and practices in data processing. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review made by the CAC on such basis, and we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanctions in such respect.
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On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Provisions of the State Council Regarding the Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Administrative Provisions”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures,” collectively with the Draft Administrative Provisions, the “Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing”), both of which have a comment period that expired on January 23, 2022. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing lay out the filing regulation arrangement for both direct and indirect overseas listing, and clarify the determination criteria for indirect overseas listing in overseas markets. Among other things, if an overseas listed issuer intends to implement any follow-on offering in an overseas market, it should, through its major operating entity incorporated in the PRC, submit filing materials to the CSRC within three working days after the completion of the offering. The required filing materials shall include but not be limited to: (1) filing report and relevant commitments; and (2) domestic legal opinions.
The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, if enacted, may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to get the clearance of filing procedures under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas List on a timely basis, or at all. For instance, if we complete any offering under this prospectus after the enactment of the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, we may be required to submit additional filings. As of the date of this prospectus, the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listings have not been promulgated, and we have not been required to complete the record-filings procedure to the government of China for any offering pursuant to this prospectus. While the final version of the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listings are expected to be adopted in 2022, we believe that none of the situation which would clearly prohibit overseas offering and listing would apply to us. In reaching this conclusion, we are relying on an opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, and that there is uncertainty inherent in relying on an opinion of counsel in connection with whether we are required to obtain permissions from the Chinese government that is required to approve of our operations and/or offering. Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer our securities to investors, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our securities, including the securities we are registering for sale in this prospectus, to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law, which integrates the scattered rules with respect to personal information rights and privacy protection and took effect on November 1, 2021. Personal information refers to information related to identified or identifiable natural persons which is recorded by electronic or other means and excluding anonymized information. The Personal Information Protection Law provides that a personal information processor could process personal information only under prescribed circumstances such as with the consent of the individual concerned and where it is necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract to which such individual is a party to the contract. If a personal information processor shall provide personal information to overseas parties, various conditions shall be met, which includes security evaluation by the national network department and personal information protection certification by professional institutions. The Personal Information Protection Law raises the protection requirements for processing personal information, and many specific requirements of the Personal Information Protection Law remain to be clarified by the Cyberspace Administration of China, other regulatory authorities, and courts in practice. We may be required to make further adjustments to our business practices to comply with the personal information protection laws and regulations.
Our PRC subsidiaries are not operating in an industry that prohibits or limits foreign investment. As a result, as advised by our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, other than those requisite for a domestic company in China to engage in the businesses similar to those of our PRC subsidiaries, our PRC subsidiaries are not required to obtain any permission from Chinese authorities, including the CSRC, the CAC, or any other governmental agency that is required to approve our PRC subsidiaries’ current operations. However, if our PRC subsidiaries do not receive or maintain the approvals, or we inadvertently conclude that such approvals are not required, or applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change such that our PRC subsidiaries are required to obtain approval in the future, we may be subject to investigations by competent regulators, fines or penalties, ordered to suspend our PRC subsidiaries’ relevant operations and rectify any non-compliance, prohibited from engaging in relevant business or conducting any offering, and these risks could result in a material adverse change in our PRC subsidiaries’ operations, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. As of the date of this prospectus, we and our PRC subsidiaries have received from PRC authorities all requisite licenses, permissions, or approvals needed to engage in the businesses currently conducted in China, and no permission or approval has been denied.
We are currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC authorities to operate and issue our securities to foreign investors. In addition, we and our subsidiaries are not required to obtain permission or approval relating to our securities from the PRC authorities, including the CSRC or the CAC, for our subsidiaries’ operations, nor have we or our subsidiaries received any denial for our subsidiaries’ operations with respect to this offering.
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Our Products and Services
Eco-Friendly Construction Materials
We manufacture eco-friendly construction materials (aggregates, bricks, pavers and tiles) through our subsidiary, Xinyi REIT, which operates our plant in Xinyi, Jiangsu Province. We refer to our construction materials as eco-friendly because we produce them from reclaimed iron mine tailings. Tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the worthless fraction of an ore. Iron ore tailings generally consist of hard rock and sand. Waste rock and tailings constitute the largest (by volume) industrial solid waste generated in the mining process. By recycling iron tailings, we believe that our construction materials manufacturing process is a viable and environmentally friendly solution to disposal problems associated with these materials.
Traditional bricks in China consist primarily of clay, which is mixed with water and silt, pressed into a mold for shaping, then fired in a kiln, or furnace. We use reclaimed iron tailings primarily as a substitute for rocks. Through vibration technology, with these raw materials inputted, the finished products can come out with different shape and types. Since the whole production is cured without fire, this process has the benefits of less space required for production and less pollution generated to the environment. We believe iron tailings reduce both the density and heat conductivity of our construction materials without sacrificing their durability and strength. Our construction materials’ density and strength meet or exceed China national standards. In addition, because we use iron tailings in the manufacturing process, we believe our construction materials are consistent with China’s recent environmental protection policies, such as energy conservation included in the 2016 China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025).
In addition to iron tailings, our construction materials contain river sand and granite. Our eco-friendly construction materials are produced on a fully automatic production line primarily based upon our proprietary technology.
Our eco-friendly construction materials include, without limitation, the following:
| ● | Ground works materials. Essential materials for sponge cities to assist in water absorption, flood control and water retention. These construction materials can be used for urban roads, pedestrian streets and sidewalks, city squares, landmarks, parking lots, and docks. |
| ● | Landscape retaining materials. These construction materials are mainly used for gardens, roads, bridges, city squares, retaining walls and slope construction. |
| ● | Hydraulic engineering materials. Construction material for sponge city construction, they can be used for hydraulic ecological projects such as slope protection and river transformation. |
| ● | Wall materials. These construction materials are used for insulation, decoration, and for building walls. |
Eco-friendly Construction Materials Manufacturing Equipment
In 2019, we produced manufacturing equipment used to create eco-friendly construction materials. We have sold equipment to customers in China, South Asia, North America, the Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia. The equipment consists of large-scale fully automated production equipment with hydraulic integration. The equipment can be used to produce various types of eco-friendly construction materials that can be used for a variety of projects such as ground works, hydraulic engineering, landscape retention and wall projects.
Our equipment used to manufacture construction materials include, without limitation, the following:
| ● | REIT-Classic RT9A, RT9B, RT15A, RT15B. These are fully automated block production lines and can be universally used for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, pavers with and without face mix, curbstones, hollow blocks and similar construction materials. |
| ● | Horizontal Pull Holes Device. Horizontal Pull Holes Device is used to produce interlocking bricks, water conservancy blocks and slope protection blocks. |
| ● | REIT-I Concrete Block Splitter. Synchronized concrete block cutting machine with four blades. The blades are guided by ultra-wear resistant guide leads and driven by a large bore hydraulic drive, which lowers the operating pressure of the hydraulic unit and increases the splitting force. |
| ● | REIT Foam Insert Device. This device is used to insert a foam plate into the mold and produce thermal insulation blocks. |
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Roadside Assistance Services
Following the acquisition of REIT Mingde, we, through Hainan Yile IoT, provide roadside assistance services (“RSA services”) to drivers within Hainan Province, China, through our network of RSA services providers of tow providers and automotive repair services. Our RSA services include towing, jump start, tire change, automobile repair services, and other services. We do not directly provide the RSA services but coordinate with our contracted RSA service providers who are licensed to provide such services. Our RSA services area cover the entire island of Hainan province, including 18 cities and counties. Upon receipt of a request for RSA services, we will contact our tow providers and other RSA service providers in close proximity to the vehicles and arrange the vehicles to be towed or repaired. We operate a proprietary platform, which connects insurance companies, tow providers, automobile repair services, and other service providers as well as the drivers. The platform is accessible to users via web interface and mobile applications, consisting of a central management system, a mobile application for RSA service providers to accept orders and dispatch service teams, a mobile application for drivers to send requests and monitor status, and a mobile application for insurance companies to monitor and review the request status.
Our RSA services are available to insured drivers and uninsured drivers. Our services to insured drivers are based on the type of insurance policy they have with their insurance company as well as the terms of our service contract with their insurance companies. Uninsured drivers pay our services fee based our prevailing rates at the time of services. We maintain a 24/7 service team to ensure timely responses to RSA services requests.
Our RSA services commenced in 2020 and we have established a network of an aggregate of 38 RSA services providers. Hainan Yile IoT has signed written agreements with all of its RSA services providers and settles payments to these service providers on a periodical basis.
We are paid by the drivers receiving RSA services or if they are insured, by their insurance companies. Hainan Yile IoT has entered into annual agreements with four major insurance companies in China, including, without limitation, China Life Property & Casualty Insurance Company Limited and China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co., Ltd. Pursuant to these agreements, we agree to provide RSA services to the insured drivers of these insurance companies upon requests and receive fees based on the services provided.
Software Solutions
Through Hainan Yile IoT, we are also engaged in the design, development and sales of customized software solutions based on the client specifications. We have developed the following software solutions for our clients during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| ○ | Logistics management system – comprehensive software solutions for the management of multimodal logistics, encompassing functions including customer management, supplier management, order management, and vehicle management. |
| ○ | Retail management system - comprehensive software solutions for retail management, including functions such as invoicing, reporting, data statistics, online marketing. |
| ○ | Fleet management system – comprehensive software solutions providing client with capabilities to manage its fleet including functions such as vehicle management, vehicle application, vehicle alarm, and location control. |
| ○ | Vehicle rental management system - comprehensive software solutions providing client with capabilities to manage its car rental services, including functions such as vehicle management, vehicle rental (rental renewal), and remote fuel and electricity disconnection. |
In connection with the sales of software solutions, we also include hardware sales and/or service subscriptions based on the clients’ requirements, which are charged separately.
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Our Projects
In 2014, we entered into the field of urban ecological construction (sponge city construction) and established Beijing REIT Ecological and REIT Construction for this purpose. We act as general contractor and consultant for the construction of sponge cities and are responsible for the planning, construction and design of such cities. We subcontract with architects and subcontractors in order to complete the projects. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we completed a total of 32 projects, including one sponge city project. We also sold our construction materials in these projects.
Representative Projects
Sponge City – Changjiang County, Hainan Province
We were the general contractor for a sponge city project where an entire village was relocated and constructed in a former mining area. The project took 16 months to complete resulting in revenue of approximately RMB 14 million ($2.2 million) for us. We made all construction materials out of recycled iron tailings. A total of 86 single-family homes were built with a total construction area of 9,400 square meters (101,000 square feet). An estimated 1,810,000 pieces of bricks were used for walls, 90,000 roof tiles, and 4,200 square meters (approximately 45,000 square feet) of ground was covered with our construction materials. The completed project has won recognitions at various government levels in Hainan Province, and has been designated as a demonstration or model project for promotion of sponge city construction.
Sponge City – Haikou City, Hainan Province
We acted as a consultant for a sponge city project in Haikou City, Hainan Province. We also paved 50,000 square meters for this project. To assist with the nationwide efforts to promote pilot cities in sponge city construction, we will collaborate with international institutions in sponge city construction such as Jude Technology Corporation located in Germany. By gradually increasing our efforts, and expanding the scale in the planning, design and construction of sponge cities, we aim to become a key enterprise in sponge city construction.
Ecological Restoration Projects – Datong City, Shanxi Province
Pursuant to a strategic cooperation agreement entered into with Hunyuan County People’s Government, we have acted as the general contractor in connection with the restoration of abandoned coal mines and disposal of solid wastes in Hunyuan County, Datong City, Shanxi Province. We commenced the project in November 2019 and are in charge of the project feasibility study, design, implementation and supervision of the project. This project covers several affected villages and has an aggregate area of approximately 386 acres. We expect to complete this project in 2022. We believe the completion of the project is expected to enable the local government to complete geological disaster prevention and control of an area of approximately 329 acres and reclaim land for agricultural use of approximately 133 acres, among other restoration to the environment. Upon completion of the project, we will be paid our fees upon receipt of proceeds from the sale of restored lands.
History and Development of the Company
Corporate History
ReTo is a BVI business company with limited liability, established under the laws of the BVI on August 7, 2015 as a holding company to develop business opportunities in China.
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On November 29, 2017, ReTo completed its IPO of 3,220,000 Common Shares at a public offering price of $5.00 per share. In connection with the IPO, the Company’s Common Shares began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market beginning on November 29, 2017 under the symbol “RETO.”
ReTo owns 100% equity interest of REIT Holdings, a limited liability company established in Hong Kong. Beijing REIT was established on May 12, 1999 under the laws of PRC. Over the years, Beijing REIT established four subsidiaries consisting of: Gu’an REIT Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (“Gu’an REIT”), which was incorporated on May 12, 2008; Beijing REIT Ecological, which was incorporated on April 24, 2014; Ruirong, which was incorporated on May 12, 2014 and was subsequently dissolved in 2021; and REIT Technology Development (America), Inc., a California corporation, which was incorporated on February 27, 2014 and was dissolved in March 2022.
On February 7, 2016, Beijing REIT and its individual original shareholders entered into an equity transfer agreement, pursuant to which these shareholders agreed to transfer all of their ownership interests in Beijing REIT with a carrying value of RMB 24 million (or $3,466,260) to REIT Holdings. After this equity transfer, Beijing REIT became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise and amended the registration with the State Administration of Market Regulation on March 21, 2016.
REIT Changjiang was incorporated in Hainan Province, China, on November 22, 2011 with the original registered capital of RMB 100 million (approximately $15.7 million). REIT Changjiang was engaged in hauling and processing construction and mining waste, with which it produces recycled aggregates and bricks for environmental-friendly uses prior to the disposition of REIT Changjiang in December 2021.
On June 1, 2015, REIT Construction was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of REIT Changjiang.
On July 15, 2015, Beijing REIT established a joint venture, Xinyi REIT, together with Xinyi City Transportation Investment Co., Ltd. (“Xinyi TI”), a third party. Beijing REIT owns 70% equity interest of Xinyi REIT, with the remaining 30% owned by Xinyi TI.
On September 20, 2015, Beijing REIT acquired 100% of the equity interest of Nanjing Dingxuan Environment Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Nanjing Dingxuan”) from a third party for no consideration given the company’s registered capital was not paid and had no assets or operations. Nanjing Dingxuan was engaged in providing technical support and consulting services for environmental protection projects but its operation was suspended in 2021.
In February 2016, Beijing REIT established a joint venture, REIT Q GREEN Machines Private Limited (“REIT India”), together with an Indian company, Q Green Techcon Private Limited (“Q Green”). Beijing REIT owns 51% equity interest of REIT India with the remaining 49% owned by Q Green.
On October 22, 2018, REIT Yancheng was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of REIT Holdings.
On August 29, 2019, Datong Ruisheng Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. (“Datong Ruisheng”) was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Beijing REIT. Datong Ruisheng is engaged in the potential ecological restoration projects in Datong, Shanxi Province.
On November 11, 2019, Yangbi Litu Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yangbi Litu”) was jointly established by REIT Yancheng and Yunnan Litu Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Yunnan Litu”). REIT Yancheng owned a 55% of the ownership interest in Yangbi Litu, with the remaining 45% equity interest owned by Yunnan Litu. Because the Company’s ownership interest in Yunnan Litu was 55%, the Company held an aggregate 79.75% equity interest in Yangbi Litu, directly and indirectly. Yangbi Litu will be engaged in providing services in comprehensive ecological restoration and sales of environmentally friendly equipment and new materials. On July 13, 2020, REIT Yancheng transferred its 55% equity interest in Yunnan Litu to a third-party individual and two third-party companies for a nominal price. As a result, the Company’s equity ownership interest in Yangbi Litu decreased from 79.75% to 55%. On July 13, 2020, ReTo transferred its 55% equity interests in Yunnan Litu to third parties for a nominal price given the inactivity of Yunnan Litu’s business operations since its inception and ReTo’s ongoing focus on its own organic business growth.
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On January 2, 2020, Beijing REIT signed a share transfer agreement with third party, Hebei Huishitong Techonology Inc. (“Huishitong”) and sold 100% of its ownership interest in Gu’an REIT to Huishitong for total consideration of RMB 39.9 million (approximately $5.7 million).
On September 7, 2020, Beijing REIT entered into a share transfer agreement with the original shareholder of Shexian Ruibo Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shexian Ruibo”) for the acquisition of 41.67% of the equity interests in Shexian Ruibo for a total consideration of $3.6 million (RMB 25 million), including a cash payment of $2.7 million (RMB 18.5 million) and non-cash contribution of six patents valued at $0.9 million (RMB 6.5 million). Beijing REIT made the cash payment of $2.7 million (RMB 18.5 million) on October 20, 2020 and the six patents had been transferred to Shexian Ruibo prior to September 15, 2020.
In December 2020, we incorporated Guangling REIT Ecological Cultural Tourism Co., Ltd. (“Guangling REIT”) in China as a wholly owned subsidiary of REIT Yancheng. Guangling REIT will be engaged in the business of ecological restoration and management, and construction and operation of health and cultural tourism projects.
On November 12, 2021, Beijing REIT and REIT Holdings entered into an equity transfer agreement to sell 100% equity interest in REIT Changjiang to the purchasers, in exchange for a total consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (approximately $9.4 million) in cash. The purchasers have issued to Beijing REIT and REIT Holdings a promissory note in the principal amount of RMB 60,000,000, reflecting the purchase price to be paid in accordance with the equity transfer agreement. As of the date of this prospectus, we received a total of RMB 49 million (approximately US$7.2 million) from the purchasers with the remaining RMB 11 million (approximately US$2.2 million) expected to be paid by the purchasers by September 30, 2022. In December 2021, we completed the disposition of REIT Changjiang following the approval of our shareholders and board of directors.
On December 27, 2021, REIT Technology acquired 100% equity interest of REIT Mingde, as more fully described under the heading “Recent Developments” below.
Corporate Structure
The chart below summarizes our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus:
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Recent Developments
Spinoff of REIT Changjiang
On November 12, 2021, Beijing REIT and REIT Holdings entered into an equity transfer agreement to sell 100% equity interest in REIT Changjiang to Zhixin Group (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. and Xiamen Zhixin Building Materials Co., Ltd. (collectively, the “Purchasers”) in exchange for a total consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (approximately $9.4 million) in cash. The Purchasers have issued to Beijing REIT and REIT Holdings a promissory note in the principal amount of RMB 60,000,000, reflecting the purchase price to be paid in accordance with the equity transfer agreement. The parties entered into a supplemental agreement on December 24, 2021, providing for a revised payment schedule for the purchase price. As of the date of this prospectus, we received a total of RMB 49 million (approximately US$7.2 million) from the Purchasers with the remaining RMB 11 million (approximately US$2.2 million) expected to be paid by the Purchasers by September 30, 2022. On December 17, 2021, we completed the disposition of REIT Changjiang following the approval of our shareholders and board of directors.
Acquisition of REIT Mingde
On December 27, 2021, REIT Technology entered into an Equity Transfer Agreement (the “Agreement”) with REIT Mingde, Xiaoping Li and Jing Peng, former shareholders of REIT Mingde and owning 99% and 1% of the equity interest of REIT Mingde prior to the Acquisition (as defined below), respectively, and together with Hainan Yile IoT, a PRC limited liability company and subsidiary of REIT Mingde, and Yangpu Fangyuyuan United Logistics Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company and subsidiary of REIT Mingde (“Yangpu Fangyuyuan”). REIT Mingde owned 100% of the equity interest of Yangpu Fangyuyuan and 61.55% of the equity interest of Hainan Yile IoT.
Pursuant to the Agreement, among other things, REIT Technology acquired 100% of the equity interest of REIT Mingde for a total consideration of RMB10,000,000 (approximately US$1.6 million) in cash or cash equivalents (the “Acquisition”). After the closing of the Acquisition, Xiaoping Li, who is also the legal representative of REIT Mingde, will be appointed as a director and Executive Vice President of ReTo.
On February 22, 2022, ReTo issued an aggregate of 2,580,000 Common Shares to Xiaoping Li and Jing Peng (and/or their designees), at $0.61 per share, in lieu of the cash payment of RMB 10 million payable to Xiaoping Li and Jing Peng under the Acquisition. The 2,580,000 Common Shares represented approximately 8.45% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares of ReTo immediately prior to the issuance.
Convertible Note Financing
On March 10, 2022, ReTo entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement pursuant to which ReTo issued an unsecured convertible promissory note (the “Note”) to Streeterville Capital, LLC, an institutional accredited investor (the “Investor”). The Note will mature 12 months after the purchase price of the Note is delivered from the Investor to ReTo (the “Purchase Price Date”). The Note has an original principal amount of $3,105,000 and Investor gave consideration of $3,000,000, reflecting an original issue discount of $90,000 and $15,000 for Investor’s fees, costs and other transaction expenses incurred in connection with the purchase and sale of the Note. The transaction contemplated under the Securities Purchase Agreement was closed on March 11, 2022 and the Company anticipates using the proceeds for general working capital purposes.
On March 28, 2022, ReTo and Investor entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which ReTo has agreed to satisfy any conversion request from Investor by making a cash payment equal to 110% of any converted amount if, at the time of the conversion, the Floor Price (as defined in the Note) is higher than the then current conversion price.
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Foreign Private Issuer Status
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act. As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; | |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; | |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; | |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; | |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and | |
| ● | we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in revenue for the last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of our fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.07 billion; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering; (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our Common Shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices in China are located at c/o Beijing REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd., X-702, Runfengdeshangyuan, 60 Anli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100101. Our telephone number at this address is (+86) 10-64827328. Our registered agent in the BVI is Vistra (BVI) Limited of Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. Investors should submit any inquiries to the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices.
Our principal website is www.retoeco.com. The information contained on this website is not a part of this prospectus.
Summary of Risk Factors
Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. For a detailed description of the risk factors ReTo and our subsidiaries may face, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in our 2021 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China
We face risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China in general, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies or in relations between China and the United States could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operations; and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies; | |
| ● | Our business is subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection. Compliance with China’s new Data Security Law, Cybersecurity Review Measures, Personal Information Protection Law, as well as additional laws, regulations and guidelines that the Chinese government promulgates in the future may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business; |
| ● | There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations; | |
| ● | Our Common Shares may be delisted under the HFCAA if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors. The delisting of our Common Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three; | |
| ● | The PRC government’s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Common Shares. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless; | |
| ● | PRC laws and regulations establish complex procedures in connection with certain acquisitions of China-based companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions or mergers in China; |
| ● | PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may restrict or prevent ReTo from making additional capital contributions or loans to its PRC subsidiaries; and | |
| ● | We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. |
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We are subject to risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | Our revenue will decrease if the industries in which our customers operate experience a protracted slowdown; |
| ● | Any decline in the availability or increase in the cost of raw materials could materially impact our earnings; |
| ● | Any disruption in the supply chain of raw materials and our products could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver products which could have a material adverse effect on our business; |
| ● | Wage increases in China may prevent us from sustaining our competitive advantage and could reduce our profit margins; |
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| ● | We rely on a limited number of vendors, and the loss of any significant vendor could harm our business, and the loss of any one of such vendors could have a material adverse effect on our business; |
| ● | We face certain risks in collecting our accounts receivable, the failure to collect could have a material adverse effect on our business; |
| ● | If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, it could harm our business and competitive position. |
| ● | The report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 includes an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and if our business is unable to continue it is likely investors will lose all of their investment; |
| ● | We do not maintain a reserve for warranty or defective products and installation claims. Our costs could increase if we experience a significant number of claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business; |
| ● | Product defects and unanticipated use or inadequate disclosure with respect to our products could adversely affect our business, reputation and financial performance; |
| ● | We may be unable to deliver our backlog on time, which could affect future sales and profitability and our relationships with customers; |
| ● | Our operations are subject to various hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage and increase our operating costs, and which may exceed the coverage of our insurance; |
| ● | We may incur material costs and losses as a result of claims our products do not meet regulatory requirements or contractual specifications; |
| ● | Our operations may incur substantial liabilities to comply with environmental laws and regulations; and |
| ● | If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Common Shares may decline. |
Risks Related to Our Newly Acquired Businesses and Related Industries
We face risks and uncertainties related to the Acquisition, the newly acquired businesses and related industries, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | The integration of newly acquired businesses may not provide the benefits anticipated at the time of acquisition; |
| ● | We have a limited operating history in the newly acquired businesses and may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability or accurately predict the future results of such businesses; |
| ● | Growing the newly acquired businesses requires us to continue investing in technology, resources, and new business capabilities; these investments may contribute to losses, and we cannot guarantee that any will be successful or contribute to profitability; |
| ● | Any failure to offer high quality services and support may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and prospective customers, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; |
| ● | The software and information technology service market in which we participate is competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed; |
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| ● | Hainan Yile IoT receives a substantial portion of its revenues from a limited number of customers, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in usage by, one or more of its customers would result in lower revenues and could harm our business; |
| ● | We operate in an emerging and evolving markets. If our market does not grow as we expect, or if we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, and changing customer needs, requirements or preferences, our products and solutions may become less competitive; |
| ● | Security incidents and attacks on our products or solutions could lead to significant costs and disruptions that could harm our business, financial results, and reputation. |
| ● | A significant portion of our revenues were derived from customers in the insurance industry. The intensifying competition, change in sector trend and landscape and government policies may have a direct impact on the insurance industry and negatively affect the stability of our clients, which may subsequently have negative impact on our business; |
| ● | Changes in practices of insurance companies in the markets in which we provide, and sell, our SVR and RSA and emergency home repair products services could adversely affect our revenues and growth potential; |
| ● | Defects or errors in our products or solutions could diminish demand for our products or solutions, harm our business and results of operations and subject us to liability; |
| ● | We face challenges from the evolving regulatory environment and user attitude toward data privacy and protection. Actual or alleged failure to comply with data privacy and protection laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations; |
| ● | We could be harmed by data loss or other security breaches; |
| ● | Changes in laws and regulations related to the internet or changes in the internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our products and solutions, and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; |
| ● | Our services rely on the stable performance of servers, and any disruption to our servers due to internal and external factors could diminish demand for our products or solutions, harm our business, our reputation and results of operations and subject us to liability; |
| ● | Our use of open source or third-party software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and solutions, and subject us to possible litigation; |
| ● | We could incur substantial costs in protecting or defending our intellectual property rights, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; and |
| ● | The estimates of market opportunity, forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate, and any real or perceived inaccuracies may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business. Even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. |
Risks Related to our Common Shares
We face risks and uncertainties related to our Common Shares, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | The trading prices of our Common Shares are likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors; |
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| ● | If securities or industry analysts publish negative reports about our business, the price and trading volume of our Common Shares securities could decline; |
| ● | Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our Common Share. |
| ● | Substantial future sales or perceived sales of our Common Shares in the public market could cause the price of our Common Shares to decline; | |
| ● | Some provisions of the M&A discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of ReTo or its management that shareholders may consider favorable. However, under BVI law, ReTo’s directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under the M&A, as amended and restated from time to time, and must always act in good faith in what they believe to be the best interests of ReTo; | |
| ● | You may not receive dividends or other distributions on our Common Shares and you may not receive any value for them, if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you and any proposed dividend would be subject to ReTo’s M&A and the Act; specifically, ReTo may only pay a dividend if ReTo’s directors are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the dividend is paid, the value of its assets will exceed its liabilities and it will be able to pay its debts as they fall due; and |
| ● | Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings and you may not receive distributions with respect to the underlying Common Shares if it is impractical to make them available to you. |
Summary Consolidated Financial Information
The following table represents our selected consolidated financial information. The selected consolidated balance sheets of ReTo and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in our 2021 Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with the U.S. GAAP.
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These selected consolidated financial data below should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in our 2021 Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” therein. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. The following table presents our selected consolidated statements of income data for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | REIT Holdings | Other Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 3,600,078 | $ | - | $ | 3,600,078 | ||||||||||
| Loss from equity method investment | $ | (16,182,490 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 16,182,490 | $ | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (21,104,826 | ) | $ | (1,336,238 | ) | $ | (15,815,359 | ) | $ | 16,182,490 | $ | (22,073,933 | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (20,641,393 | ) | $ | (1,336,238 | ) | $ | (15,321,590 | ) | $ | 15,719,057 | $ | (21,580,164 | ) | ||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | REIT Holdings | Other Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 8,339,215 | $ | - | $ | 8,339,215 | ||||||||||
| Loss from equity method investment | $ | (10,167,812 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 10,167,812 | $ | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (11,773,763 | ) | $ | - | $ | (11,294,657 | ) | $ | 10,167,812 | $ | (12,900,608 | ) | |||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (9,845,144 | ) | $ | - | $ | (9,371,341 | ) | $ | 8,239,193 | $ | (10,977,292 | ) | |||||||
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SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | REIT Holdings | Other Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 44,008 | $ | - | $ | 413,487 | $ | - | $ | 457,495 | ||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | 18,240,308 | $ | 1,475,457 | $ | 5,809,914 | $ | (12,495,518 | ) | $ | 13,030,161 | |||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | $ | (2,095,115 | ) | $ | 10,424,642 | $ | - | $ | (8,329,527 | ) | $ | - | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | $ | (2,095,115 | ) | $ | 10,424,642 | $ | 18,866,318 | $ | (9,264,940 | ) | $ | 17,930,906 | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 16,145,193 | $ | 11,900,099 | $ | 24,676,233 | $ | (21,760,457 | ) | $ | 30,961,067 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 2,593,040 | $ | 11,159,668 | $ | 15,651,693 | $ | (12,527,612 | ) | $ | 16,876,789 | |||||||||
| Total equity | $ | 13,552,153 | $ | 740,431 | $ | 9,024,540 | $ | (9,232,846 | ) | $ | 14,084,278 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 16,145,193 | $ | 11,900,099 | $ | 24,676,233 | $ | (21,760,457 | ) | $ | 30,961,067 | |||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | REIT Holdings | Other Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 23,509 | $ | 1 | $ | 1,034,628 | $ | - | $ | 1,058,138 | ||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | 16,173,008 | $ | 166,560 | $ | 8,192,231 | $ | (11,252,289 | ) | $ | 13,279,510 | |||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | $ | 12,050,142 | $ | 13,724,642 | $ | - | $ | (25,774,784 | ) | $ | - | |||||||||
| Total non-current assets | $ | 12,050,142 | $ | 13,724,642 | $ | 46,660,344 | $ | (27,740,565 | ) | $ | 44,694,563 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 28,223,150 | $ | 13,891,202 | $ | 54,852,575 | $ | (38,992,855 | ) | $ | 57,974,073 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 948,041 | $ | 11,814,533 | $ | 29,532,491 | $ | (12,282,813 | ) | $ | 30,012,252 | |||||||||
| Total equity | $ | 27,275,109 | $ | 2,076,669 | $ | 25,320,085 | $ | (26,710,042 | ) | $ | 27,961,821 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 28,223,150 | $ | 13,891,202 | $ | 54,852,575 | $ | (38,992,855 | ) | $ | 57,974,073 | |||||||||
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SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | REIT Holdings | Other Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (3,665,341 | ) | $ | - | $ | 901,099 | $ | - | $ | (2,764,242 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (1,743,599 | ) | $ | - | $ | (1,743,599 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 3,685,839 | $ | (374,155 | ) | $ | 736,463 | $ | - | $ | 4,048,147 | |||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | REIT Holdings | Other Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (125,291 | ) | $ | - | $ | 373,239 | $ | - | $ | 247,948 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 944,401 | $ | - | $ | 944,401 | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 73,386 | $ | - | $ | (1,251,225 | ) | $ | - | $ | (1,177,839 | ) | ||||||||
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An investment in the securities that we are offering involves a high degree of risk. We operate in a highly competitive environment in which there are numerous factors that can influence our business, financial position or results of operations and that can also cause the market value of the Common Shares to decline. Many of these factors are beyond our control and therefore, are difficult to predict. Prior to making a decision about investing in the securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” contained in our 2021 Annual Report filed with the SEC, and in any applicable prospectus supplement and our other filings with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings or any prospectus supplement or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of the securities could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment.
The following disclosure is intended to highlight, update or supplement previously disclosed risk factors facing the Company set forth in the Company’s public filings. These risk factors should be carefully considered along with any other risk factors identified in the Company’s other filings with the SEC.
Such risks are not exhaustive. We may face additional risks that are presently unknown to us or that we believe to be immaterial as of the date of this prospectus. Known and unknown risks and uncertainties may significantly impact and impair our business operations.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government or in relations between China and the United States may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC and substantially all of our revenues is sourced from the PRC. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic, political and legal developments in the PRC or changes in government relations between China and the United States or other governments. There is significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and China with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs.
The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past four decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, the PRC government has implemented in the past certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity.
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In July 2021, the Chinese government provided new guidance on China-based companies raising capital outside of China. In light of such developments, the SEC has imposed enhanced disclosure requirements on China-based companies seeking to register securities with the SEC. As substantially all of our operations are based in China, any future Chinese, U.S. or other rules and regulations that place restrictions on capital raising or other activities by China based companies could adversely affect our business and results of operations. If the business environment in China deteriorates from the perspective of domestic or international investment, or if relations between China and the United States or other governments deteriorate, our operations in China as well as the market price of our Common Shares may be adversely affected.
There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations, especially those relating to the internet, are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the nonbinding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation. Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
The PRC government has recently announced its plans to enhance its regulatory oversight of Chinese companies listing overseas. The Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities issued on July 6, 2021 called for:
| ● | tightening oversight of data security, cross-border data flow and administration of classified information, as well as amendments to relevant regulation to specify responsibilities of overseas listed Chinese companies with respect to data security and information security; |
| ● | enhanced oversight of overseas listed companies as well as overseas equity fundraising and listing by Chinese companies; and |
| ● | extraterritorial application of China’s securities laws. |
As the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities were recently issued, there are great uncertainties as to how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on companies like us, but among other things, our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to obtain external financing through the issuance of equity securities overseas could be negatively affected.
On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, which aim to establish a unified supervision system and promote cross-border regulatory cooperation. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing lay out filing procedures for domestic companies to record their initial public offerings and follow-on offerings abroad with the CSRC. Issuers are required to file follow-on offerings with the CSRC within 3 business days after the closing of such offerings.
According to the Q&A held by CSRC officials for journalists thereafter, the CSRC will adhere to the principle of non-retroactive application of law and first focus on issuers conducting initial public offerings and follow-on offerings by requiring them to complete the registration procedures. Other issuers will be given a sufficient transition period. The CSRC officials also noted that the regulation system contemplated by the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing differentiates between initial public offerings and follow-on offerings to take into account overseas capital markets’ fast and efficient features and to reduce impacts on overseas financing activities by domestic companies. If the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing are enacted in their current forms, we expect to perform necessary registration filings with the CSRC for our follow-on offering within the prescribed transition period and for any follow-on offering in the event that it takes place after the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing enter into force. However, it is uncertain when the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing will take effect or if they will take effect as in their current forms.
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The PRC government’s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Common Shares.
We conduct our business in China primarily through our PRC subsidiaries. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. The PRC government has significant oversight over the conduct of our business, and it regulates and may intervene our operations, which could result in a material adverse change in our operation and/or the value of our securities. Also, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors. In addition, implementation of industry-wide regulations directly targeting our operations could cause our securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. Therefore, investors of ReTo face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC government affecting our business.
Restrictions on currency exchange or outbound capital flows may limit our ability to utilize our PRC revenue effectively.
Substantially all of our revenue is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but requires approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities or designated banks under the “capital account,” which includes foreign direct investment and loans, such as loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries, a foreign invested enterprise, may purchase foreign currency for settlement of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of the SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions.
Since 2016, PRC governmental authorities have imposed more stringent restrictions on outbound capital flows, including heightened scrutiny over “irrational” overseas investments for certain industries, as well as over four kinds of “abnormal” offshore investments, which are:
| ● | investments through enterprises established for only a few months without substantive operation; |
| ● | investments with amounts far exceeding the registered capital of onshore parent and not supported by its business performance shown on financial statements; |
| ● | investments in targets that are not related to onshore parent’s main business; and |
| ● | investments with abnormal sources of Renminbi funding suspected to be involved in illegal transfer of assets or illegal operation of underground banking. |
On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which tightened the authenticity and compliance verification of cross-border transactions and cross-border capital flow. In addition, the Outbound Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018) lists certain sensitive industries that are subject to NDRC pre-approval requirements prior to remitting investment funds offshore, which subjects us to increased approval requirements and restrictions with respect to our overseas investment activity. Since a significant amount of our PRC revenue is denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange or outbound capital flows may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC, make investments, service any debt we may incur outside of China or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our Common Shares.
PRC regulation on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control in currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering or follow-on offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
ReTo is a company incorporated in the BVI structured as a holding company conducting its operations in China through its PRC subsidiaries. As permitted under PRC laws and regulations, in utilizing the proceeds of its initial public offering or follow-on offering, ReTo may make loans to its PRC subsidiaries subject to the approval from governmental authorities and limitation of amount, or ReTo may make additional capital contributions to its PRC subsidiaries. Furthermore, loans by ReTo to its PRC subsidiaries to finance their activities cannot exceed the difference between their respective total project investment amount and registered capital or 2.5 times of their net worth and capital contributions to its PRC subsidiaries are subject to the requirement of making necessary filings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System and registration with other governmental authorities in China.
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The SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, the Notice from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, and the Circular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses. According to SAFE Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of bank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether the SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. The SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our IPO or follow-on offering, to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in the PRC.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from our initial public offering or follow-on offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
The PRC government could prevent the cash maintained from leaving the PRC, restrict deployment of the cash into the business of its subsidiaries and restrict the ability to pay dividends to U.S. investors, which could materially adversely affect our operations.
The PRC government controls the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi, and most of our cash is in Renminbi. Under our corporate structure, ReTo, a BVI holding company, primarily relies on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements it may have. Under the existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade- and-service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. As such, under the existing exchange restrictions, cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries is able to be paid as dividends in foreign currencies to RetTo without prior approval from the SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion in the future restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions. There is no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on the ability of us, our subsidiaries to transfer cash. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies from the PRC subsidiaries to the offshore subsidiaries, across borders, and to our shareholders, including the U.S. investors. These foreign exchange restrictions and limitations could prevent the cash maintained from leaving the PRC, and restrict our ability to pay dividends to ReTo and the U.S. investors.
There are limitations on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute earnings to their respective shareholders. On the one hand, under the current PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits. In addition, our PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of their registered capital. Our PRC subsidiaries may at their discretion allocate a portion of their after-tax profits to staff welfare and bonus funds in accordance with relevant PRC rules and regulations. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds cannot be distributed as cash dividends. Moreover, if the PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.
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In addition, any transfer of funds by ReTo to our PRC subsidiaries, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in the registered capital, is subject to a series of procedural requirements imposed by SAFE or its local counterparts. This may hinder or delay our deployment of cash into our subsidiaries’ business, which could result in a material and adverse effect on our operations.
There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations, especially those relating to the internet, are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the nonbinding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation. Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
The PRC government has recently announced its plans to enhance its regulatory oversight of Chinese companies listing overseas. The Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities issued on July 6, 2021 called for:
| ● | tightening oversight of data security, cross-border data flow and administration of classified information, as well as amendments to relevant regulation to specify responsibilities of overseas listed Chinese companies with respect to data security and information security; |
| ● | enhanced oversight of overseas listed companies as well as overseas equity fundraising and listing by Chinese companies; and |
| ● | extraterritorial application of China’s securities laws. |
As the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities were recently issued, there are great uncertainties as to how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on companies like us, but among other things, our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to obtain external financing through the issuance of equity securities overseas could be negatively affected.
On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, which aim to establish a unified supervision system and promote cross-border regulatory cooperation. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing lay out filing procedures for domestic companies to record their initial public offerings and follow-on offerings abroad with the CSRC. Issuers are required to file follow-on offerings with the CSRC within 3 business days after the closing of such offerings.
According to the Q&A held by CSRC officials for journalists thereafter, the CSRC will adhere to the principle of non-retroactive application of law and first focus on issuers conducting initial public offerings and follow-on offerings by requiring them to complete the registration procedures. Other issuers will be given a sufficient transition period. The CSRC officials also noted that the regulation system contemplated by the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing differentiates between initial public offerings and follow-on offerings to take into account overseas capital markets’ fast and efficient features and to reduce impacts on overseas financing activities by domestic companies. If the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing are enacted in their current forms, we expect to perform necessary registration filings with the CSRC for our follow-on offering within the prescribed transition period and for any follow-on offering in the event that it takes place after the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing enter into force. However, it is uncertain when the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing will take effect or if they will take effect as in their current forms.
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PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may restrict or prevent ReTo from making additional capital contributions or loans to its PRC subsidiaries.
ReTo, as an offshore holding company, is permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to its PRC subsidiaries through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by ReTo to its PRC subsidiaries to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and capital contributions to its PRC subsidiaries are subject to the requirement of making necessary filings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign- Invested Enterprises, the Notice from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, and the Circular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of bank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether the State Administration of Foreign Exchange will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. The State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency ReTo holds to its PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in the PRC.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. As a result, uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use foreign currency and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Our Common Shares may be delisted under the HFCAA if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors. The delisting of our Common Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three.
The HFCAA was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, the SEC shall prohibit our Common Shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCAA, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.
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On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules implementing the HFCAA. Such final rules establish procedures that the SEC will follow in (i) determining whether a registrant is a “Commission-Identified Issuer” (a registrant identified by the SEC as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction) and (ii) prohibiting the trading of an issuer that is a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years under the HFCAA. The SEC began identifying Commission-Identified Issuers for the fiscal years beginning after December 18, 2020. A Commission-Identified Issuer is required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. If a registrant is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer based on its annual report for the fiscal year ended, for example, September 30, 2021, the registrant will be required to comply with the submission or disclosure requirements in its annual report filing covering the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued its determination that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in those jurisdictions, and the PCAOB included in the report of its determination a list of the accounting firms that are headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong. This list does not include, YCM CPA Inc.
Furthermore, various equity-based research organizations have recently published reports on China-based companies after examining their corporate governance practices, related party transactions, sales practices and financial statements, and these reports have led to special investigations and listing suspensions on U.S. national exchanges. Any similar scrutiny on us, regardless of its lack of merit, could cause the market price of our Common Shares to fall, divert management resources and energy, cause us to incur expenses in defending ourselves against rumors, and increase the premiums we pay for director and officer insurance.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is currently registered under the PCAOB and subject to PCAOB inspections. However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.
The SEC may propose additional rules or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, or the PWG, issued the Report on Protecting United States Investors from Significant Risks from Chinese Companies to the then President of the United States. This report recommended the SEC implement five recommendations to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfil its statutory mandate. Some of the concepts of these recommendations were implemented with the enactment of the HFCAA. However, some of the recommendations were more stringent than the HFCAA. For example, if a company was not subject to PCAOB inspection, the report recommended that the transition period before a company would be delisted would end on January 1, 2022.
The SEC has announced that the SEC staff is preparing a consolidated proposal for the rules regarding the implementation of the HFCAA and to address the recommendations in the PWG report. It is unclear when the SEC will complete its rulemaking and when such rules will become effective and what, if any, of the PWG recommendations will be adopted. The implications of this possible regulation in addition to the requirements of the HFCAA are uncertain. Such uncertainty could cause the market price of our Common Shares to be materially and adversely affected, and our securities could be delisted or prohibited from being traded “over-the-counter” earlier than would be required by the HFCAA. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our Common Shares when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our Common Shares.
The PCAOB’s inability to conduct inspections in China prevents it from fully evaluating the audits and quality control procedures of our independent registered public accounting firm. As a result, we and investors in our securities are deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our Common Shares to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
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In May 2013, the PCAOB announced that it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on Enforcement Cooperation with the CSRC and the PRC Ministry of Finance, which establishes a cooperative framework between the parties for the production and exchange of audit documents relevant to investigations undertaken by the PCAOB in the PRC or by the CSRC or the PRC Ministry of Finance in the United States. The PCAOB continues to be in discussions with the CSRC and the PRC Ministry of Finance to permit joint inspections in the PRC of audit firms that are registered with the PCAOB and audit Chinese companies that trade on U.S. exchanges.
We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the EIT Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.
China passed an Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”) and implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, EIT Law was subsequently amended by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and became effective on February 24, 2017. Under the EIT Law, resident enterprises pay income tax at the rate of 25% for their worldwide income while non-resident enterprises pay 20% for their income generated from China and income generated overseas but are substantially related to the entities established in China by the non-resident enterprises. As far as the definition of resident enterprises, according to the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise.” The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.
On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation of China issued Circular on Issues Concerning the Identification of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Registered Enterprises as Resident Enterprises with the Actual Standards of Organizational Management, or Circular 82, further interpreting the application of the EIT Law and its implementation to offshore entities controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group. Pursuant to the Circular 82, an enterprise incorporated in an offshore jurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “resident enterprise” with its “de facto management body” located within China if (i) the place where the senior management and core management departments that are in charge of its daily operations perform their duties is mainly located in China; (ii) its financial and human resources decisions are made by or are subject to approval by persons or bodies in China; (iii) its major assets, accounting books, company seals, and minutes and files of its board and shareholders’ meetings are located or kept in China; and (iv) at least half of the enterprise’s directors or senior management with voting rights frequently reside in China. A resident enterprise would have to pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10% when paying dividends to its non-PRC stockholders.
Given that ReTo Eco-Solutions does not have a PRC individual or a PRC enterprise or group, but a Hong Kong enterprise as its primary controlling shareholder, we believe Circular 82 will not apply to us. However, Circular 82 did mention that the facts-oriented recognition is more important than format in the case of recognizing “de facto management”. Although we have never been determined by any competent tax authorities to be a “resident enterprise”, and we have not seen any corporations with similar structures to ours to be determined as a “resident enterprise”, whether or not we will be recognized as a “resident enterprise” is subject to the PRC tax authorities’ discretion and their interpretation of the term “de facto management body”.
As for our Hong Kong business, we do not believe that we meet some of the conditions outlined. As trading companies, the key assets and records of REIT Holdings including the resolutions and meeting minutes of our board of directors and the resolutions and meeting minutes of our shareholders, are located and maintained outside the PRC. Accordingly, we believe that REIT holdings should not be treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes if the criteria for “de facto management body” as set forth in Circular 82 were deemed applicable to us. However, as the tax residency status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body” as applicable to our offshore entities, we will continue to monitor our tax status.
If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as non-China source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, under the EIT Law and its implementing rules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “tax-exempt income.” Finally, it is possible that future guidance issued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC stockholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC stockholders from transferring our shares.
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We may be subject to foreign exchange controls in China, which could limit our use of funds that would be raised in future offerings, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Beijing REIT, REIT Technology and REIT Yancheng are subject to Chinese rules and regulations on currency conversion. In China, SAFE regulates the conversion of the RMB into foreign currencies. Currently, FIEs are required to apply to SAFE for “Registration of Establishment as FIEs”. Beijing REIT, REIT Technology and REIT Yancheng are FIEs. With such registration, Beijing REIT, REIT Technology and REIT Yancheng are allowed to open foreign currency accounts including the “current account” and the “capital account”. Currently, conversion within the scope of the “current account” and general “capital account” can be effected without requiring the approval of SAFE. However, conversion of currency in some restricted “capital account” (e.g. for capital items such as direct investments, loans, securities, etc.) still requires the approval of SAFE.
In particular, if Beijing REIT, REIT Technology or REIT Yancheng borrow foreign currency through loans from ReTo Eco-Solutions or other foreign lenders, these loans must be registered with SAFE. If Beijing REIT, REIT Technology or REIT Yancheng are financed by means of additional capital contributions, reporting to or filings with certain Chinese government authorities, including MOFCOM, or the local counterparts of SAFE and SAMR or its local counterparts, in respect of these capital contributions. These restrictions could limit our use of funds which would be raised in our future offerings, which could have an adverse effect on our business.
Risks Related to Our Newly Acquired Businesses and Related Industries
We face challenges from the evolving regulatory environment and user attitude toward data privacy and protection. Actual or alleged failure to comply with data privacy and protection laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We operate in the regulatory environment in which data privacy and protection is evolving. We cannot assure you that relevant governmental authorities will not interpret or implement the laws or regulations in ways that negatively affect the software and information technology service industry, our clients and us. Regulatory investigations, restrictions, penalties and sanctions, whether targeted at us or not, may negatively affect the market environment in which we operate, our existing or potential clients, and our products and services, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. It is also possible that we may become subject to additional or new laws and regulations regarding data privacy and protection in connection with the data we have access to and the data products and services we provide to our clients. Moreover, we may become subject to regulatory requirements as a result of utilization of our products and services by residents of, or travelers who visit, certain jurisdictions, such as the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union, or the GDPR. Complying with additional or new regulatory requirements could force us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices. Moreover, if a high profile security breach occurs with respect to our competitors, people may lose trust in the security of software solutions providers generally, including us, which could damage the reputation of the industry, result in heightened regulation and strengthened regulatory enforcement and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our business partners and customers may be subject to regulations related to the handling and transfer of certain types of sensitive and confidential information. Any failure of our partners or customers to comply with applicable laws and regulations would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business partners and customers that use our products may be subject to privacy- and data protection-related laws and regulations that impose obligations in connection with the collection, processing and use of personal data, financial data, health data or other similar data.
Any failure or perceived failure by our business partners or customers to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in their reputational damage or governmental investigations, inquiries, enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, which may harm our business partnership and have a negative impact on our business.
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We may be subject to foreign exchange controls in China, which could limit our use of funds that would be raised in future offerings, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Beijing REIT, REIT Technology and REIT Yancheng are subject to Chinese rules and regulations on currency conversion. In China, SAFE regulates the conversion of the RMB into foreign currencies. Currently, FIEs are required to apply to SAFE for “Registration of Establishment as FIEs”. Beijing REIT, REIT Technology and REIT Yancheng are FIEs. With such registration, Beijing REIT, REIT Technology and REIT Yancheng are allowed to open foreign currency accounts including the “current account” and the “capital account”. Currently, conversion within the scope of the “current account” and general “capital account” can be effected without requiring the approval of SAFE. However, conversion of currency in some restricted “capital account” (e.g. for capital items such as direct investments, loans, securities, etc.) still requires the approval of SAFE.
In particular, if Beijing REIT, REIT Technology or REIT Yancheng borrow foreign currency through loans from ReTo Eco-Solutions or other foreign lenders, these loans must be registered with SAFE. If Beijing REIT, REIT Technology or REIT Yancheng are financed by means of additional capital contributions, reporting to or filings with certain Chinese government authorities, including MOFCOM, or the local counterparts of SAFE and SAMR or its local counterparts, in respect of these capital contributions. These restrictions could limit our use of funds which would be raised in our future offerings, which could have an adverse effect on our business.
Risks Related to Our Common Shares
The market price of our Common Shares has recently declined significantly, and our Common Shares could be delisted from the Nasdaq or trading could be suspended.
The listing of our Common Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market is contingent on our compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market’s conditions for continued listing. On June 9, 2022, we announced that we received written notification, or the Notification Letter, from the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on June 3, 2022 that we were not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement of US$1.00 per share under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rules, we must regain compliance within 180 calendar days, or by November 30, 2022. To regain compliance, our Common Shares need to have a closing bid price of at least US$1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. In the event we do not regain compliance by November 30, 2022, we could be eligible for additional time to regain compliance or may face delisting.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, or that we will not receive other deficiency notifications from Nasdaq in the future. A decline in the closing price of our Common Shares could result in a breach of the requirements for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If we do not maintain compliance, Nasdaq could commence suspension or delisting procedures in respect of our Common Shares. The commencement of suspension or delisting procedures by an exchange remains at the discretion of such exchange and would be publicly announced by the exchange. If a suspension or delisting were to occur, there would be significantly less liquidity in the suspended or delisted securities. In addition, our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing would be greatly impaired. Furthermore, with respect to any suspended or delisted Common Shares, we would expect decreases in institutional and other investor demand, analyst coverage, market making activity and information available concerning trading prices and volume, and fewer broker-dealers would be willing to execute trades with respect to such Common Shares. A suspension or delisting would likely decrease the attractiveness of our Common Shares to investors and cause the trading volume of our Common Shares to decline, which could result in a further decline in the market price of our Common Shares.
In the event that our Common Shares are delisted from Nasdaq, U.S. broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in our Common Shares because they may be considered penny stocks and thus be subject to the penny stock rules.
The SEC has adopted a number of rules to regulate “penny stock” that restricts transactions involving stock which is deemed to be penny stock. Such rules include Rules 3a51-1, 15g-1, 15g-2, 15g-3, 15g-4, 15g-5, 15g-6, 15g-7, and 15g-9 under the Exchange Act. These rules may have the effect of reducing the liquidity of penny stocks. “Penny stocks” generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 per share (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on Nasdaq if current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Our Common Shares could be considered to be a “penny stock” within the meaning of the rules. The additional sales practice and disclosure requirements imposed upon U.S. broker-dealers may discourage such broker-dealers from effecting transactions in shares of our Common Shares, which could severely limit the market liquidity of such Common Shares and impede their sale in the secondary market.
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A U.S. broker-dealer selling a penny stock to anyone other than an established customer or “accredited investor” (generally, an individual with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or an annual income exceeding $200,000, or $300,000 together with his or her spouse) must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and must receive the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. In addition, the “penny stock” regulations require the U.S. broker-dealer to deliver, prior to any transaction involving a “penny stock”, a disclosure schedule prepared in accordance with SEC standards relating to the “penny stock” market, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. A U.S. broker-dealer is also required to disclose commissions payable to the U.S. broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, a U.S. broker-dealer is required to submit monthly statements disclosing recent price information with respect to the “penny stock” held in a customer’s account and information with respect to the limited market in “penny stocks”.
The market for “penny stocks” has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (i) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (ii) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (iii) “boiler room” practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (iv) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differentials and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (v) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, resulting in investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market. Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being established with respect to our securities.
General Risk Factors
We are subject to changing law and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.
We are subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the SEC, which are charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law, including the laws of the BVI. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalty and our business may be harmed.
Mail addressed to the Company at its registered office may be delayed due to forwarding practice.
Mail addressed to the Company and received at its registered office will be forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by Company to be dealt with. None of the Company, its directors, officers, advisors or service providers (including the organization which provides registered office services in the BVI) will bear any responsibility for any delay howsoever caused in mail reaching the forwarding address.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains or incorporates forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act and section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements may involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
| ● | our goals and growth strategies; |
| ● | our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our brand and platforms; |
| ● | our future business development, results of operations and financial condition; |
| ● | our ability to maintain and improve infrastructure necessary to operate our platforms; |
| ● | competition in the car accessory and online retail industry in China; |
| ● | the expected growth of, and trends in, the markets for our products and services in China; |
| ● | government policies and regulations relating to our corporate structure, business and industry; |
| ● | our expectation regarding the use of proceeds from an offering pursuant to this prospectus; |
| ● | our ability to comply with the continued listing standards on the exchange or trading market on which our Common Shares is listed for trading; |
| ● | the development of COVID-19 in the PRC and globally; |
| ● | general economic and business condition in China and elsewhere; and |
| ● | assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing. |
You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference or otherwise referred to in this prospectus with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. Other sections of this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in to this prospectus include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions reflected in or suggested by the forward-looking statements we make in this prospectus are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these plans, objectives, expectations or intentions will be achieved. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed and described under “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this prospectus, “Risk Factors” in Item 3.D. to our 2021 Annual Report and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus and in filings incorporated by reference, and the same may be amended, supplemented or superseded by the risks and uncertainties described under similar headings in the other documents that filed after the date hereof and incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference or otherwise referred to in this prospectus, which we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
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Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
We may sell from time to time pursuant to this prospectus (as may be detailed in one or more prospectus supplements) an indeterminate number of securities as shall have a maximum aggregate offering price of US$100,000,000. The actual price of the securities that we will offer pursuant hereto will depend on a number of factors that may be relevant as of the time of offer. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3, in no event will we sell securities pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part with a value of more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our Common Shares held by non-affiliates in any 12 calendar month period, so long as the aggregate market value of our Common Shares held by non-affiliates is less than US$75,000,000. In the event that subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the aggregate market value of our outstanding Common Shares held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds US$75,000,000, then the one-third limitation on sales shall not apply to additional sales made pursuant to this registration statement. We will state on the cover of each prospectus supplement the amount of our outstanding Common Shares held by non-affiliates, the amount of securities being offered and the amount of securities sold during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on, and includes, the date of the prospectus supplement.
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Except as described in any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us under this prospectus to fund the growth of our business, primarily working capital, and for general corporate purposes.
We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in technologies, products and/or businesses that we believe will enhance the value of our Company, although we do not currently have any agreements or understandings with third parties to make any material acquisitions of, or investment in, other businesses. Depending on future events and others changes in the business climate, we may determine at a later time to use the net proceeds for different purposes. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of any sale of the securities. Additional information on the use of net proceeds from the sale of securities covered by this prospectus may be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the specific offering.
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Our capitalization will be set forth in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus or in a report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K subsequently furnished to the SEC and specifically incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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If required, we will set forth in a prospectus supplement the following information regarding any material dilution of the equity interests of investors purchasing securities in an offering under this prospectus:
| ● | the net tangible book value per share of our equity securities before and after the offering; |
| ● | the amount of the increase in such net tangible book value per share attributable to the cash payments made by purchasers in the offering; and |
| ● | the amount of the immediate dilution from the public offering price which will be absorbed by such purchasers. |
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DESCRIPTION OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The following describes our securities, summarizes the material provisions of our M&A, which is based upon, and is qualified by reference to, our M&A. This summary does not purport to be a summary of all of the provisions of our M&A. You should read our M&A which are filed as exhibits to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-219709), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on August 4, 2017 for the provisions that are important to you.
The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 Common Shares, with a par value of US$0.001 each. As of August 24, 2022, there were 43,108,112 Common Shares outstanding, all of which were fully paid. For a description of our Common Shares, including the rights and obligations thereto, please refer to the relevant provisions in the M&A and to Exhibit 2.2 to our 2021 Annual Report, which are incorporated by reference herein.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue series of debt securities, which may include debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into Common Shares. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of that series in a supplement to this prospectus. The following description of debt securities will apply to the debt securities offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of debt securities may specify different or additional terms.
The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be secured or unsecured, and may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be issued under an indenture between us and the trustee under the indenture. The indenture may be qualified under, subject to, and governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. We have summarized selected portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form F-3, of which this prospectus is a part, and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you.
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and detailed or determined in the manner provided in a board of directors’ resolution, an officers’ certificate and by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to the series, including any pricing supplement.
We may issue any amount of debt securities under the indenture, which may be in one or more series with the same or different maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement, including any related pricing supplement, relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the initial offering price, the aggregate principal amount offered and the terms of the debt securities, including, among other things, the following:
| ● | the title of the debt securities; |
| ● | the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities; |
| ● | any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities; |
| ● | the date or dates on which we will repay the principal on the debt securities and the right, if any, to extend the maturity of the debt securities; |
| ● | the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will be payable and any regular record date for any interest payment date; |
| ● | the place or places where the principal of, premium, and interest on the debt securities will be payable, and where the debt securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange; |
| ● | any obligation or right we have to redeem the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of holders of the debt securities or at our option, and the terms and conditions upon which we are obligated to or may redeem the debt securities; |
| ● | any obligation we have to repurchase the debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities, the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase the debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations; |
| ● | the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued; |
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| ● | whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities; |
| ● | the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount; |
| ● | the currency of denomination of the debt securities; |
| ● | the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made; |
| ● | if payments of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined; |
| ● | the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index; |
| ● | any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities; |
| ● | any addition to or change in the events of default described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities; |
| ● | any addition to or change in the covenants described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities; |
| ● | whether the debt securities will be senior or subordinated and any applicable subordination provisions; |
| ● | a discussion of material income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
| ● | any other terms of the debt securities, which may modify any provisions of the indenture as it applies to that series; and |
| ● | any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities. |
We may issue debt securities that are exchangeable for and/or convertible into Common Shares. Any such exchange and / or conversion remains subject to the M&A and the Act, and the terms, if any, on which the debt securities may be exchanged and/or converted will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms may include provisions for exchange or conversion, which can be mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, and the manner in which the number of Common Shares or other securities to be received by the holders of debt securities would be calculated.
We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S. federal income tax considerations, and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may issue debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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We may issue and offer warrants under the material terms and conditions described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. The accompanying prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the warrants as described in this prospectus.
General
We may issue warrants to purchase Common Shares or debt securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any securities and may be attached to or separate from those securities. If applicable, the warrants will be issued under warrant agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all of which will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants we are offering. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not have any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
Equity Warrants
Each equity warrant issued by us will entitle its holder to purchase the equity securities designated at an exercise price set forth in, or to be determinable as set forth in, the related prospectus supplement. Equity warrants may be issued separately or together with equity securities.
If applicable, the equity warrants are to be issued under equity warrant agreements to be entered into between us and one or more banks or trust companies, as equity warrant agent, as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus.
The particular terms of the equity warrants, the equity warrant agreements relating to the equity warrants, as applicable, and the equity warrant certificates representing the equity warrants will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:
| ● | the title of the equity warrants; | |
| ● | the initial offering price; | |
| ● | the aggregate amount of equity warrants and the aggregate amount of equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the equity warrants; | |
| ● | the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable; | |
| ● | if applicable, the designation and terms of the equity securities with which the equity warrants are issued, and the amount of equity warrants issued with each equity security; | |
| ● | the date, if any, on and after which the equity warrants and the related equity security will be separately transferable; | |
| ● | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the equity warrants that may be exercised at any one time; | |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise the equity warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire; | |
| ● | if applicable, a discussion of United States federal income tax, accounting or other considerations applicable to the equity warrants; | |
| ● | anti-dilution provisions of the equity warrants, if any; | |
| ● | redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the equity warrants; and | |
| ● | any additional terms of the equity warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the equity warrants. |
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Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled, solely by virtue of being holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice as shareholders with respect to any meeting of shareholders for the appointment of directors or any other matters, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as a holder of the equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the equity warrants.
Debt Warrants
Each debt warrant issued by us will entitle its holder to purchase the debt securities designated at an exercise price set forth in, or to be determinable as set forth in, the related prospectus supplement. Debt warrants may be issued separately or together with debt securities.
If applicable, the debt warrants are to be issued under debt warrant agreements to be entered into between us, and one or more banks or trust companies, as debt warrant agent, as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus.
The particular terms of each issue of debt warrants, the debt warrant agreement relating to the debt warrants, if applicable, and the debt warrant certificates representing debt warrants will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:
| ● | the title of the debt warrants; | |
| ● | the initial offering price; | |
| ● | the title, aggregate principal amount and terms of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants; | |
| ● | the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable; | |
| ● | the title and terms of any related debt securities with which the debt warrants are issued and the amount of the debt warrants issued with each debt security; | |
| ● | the date, if any, on and after which the debt warrants and the related debt securities will be separately transferable; | |
| ● | the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of each debt warrant and the price at which that principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon exercise of each debt warrant; | |
| ● | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time; | |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire; | |
| ● | if applicable, a discussion of United States federal income tax, accounting or other considerations applicable to the debt warrants; | |
| ● | whether the debt warrants represented by the debt warrant certificates will be issued in registered or bearer form, and, if registered, where they may be transferred and registered; | |
| ● | anti-dilution provisions of the debt warrants, if any; | |
| ● | redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the debt warrants; and | |
| ● | any additional terms of the debt warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the debt warrants. |
Debt warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations and, if in registered form, may be presented for registration of transfer, and debt warrants may be exercised at the corporate trust office of the debt warrant agent or any other office indicated in the related prospectus supplement. Before the exercise of debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not be entitled to payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants, or to enforce any of the covenants in the indentures governing such debt securities.
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We may issue rights to purchase the Common Shares, debt securities or other securities. Rights may be issued independently or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agent agreement to be entered into between us and one or more banks, trust companies, or other financial institutions, as rights agent that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the rights and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights.
The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other matters:
| ● |
the date of determining the security holders entitled to the rights distribution; | |
| ● |
the aggregate number of rights issued and the aggregate amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights; | |
| ● |
the exercise price for the rights; | |
| ● |
the conditions to the completion of the rights offering; | |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the right will expire; | |
| ● |
the extent to which subscription rights are transferable; | |
| ● |
if applicable, a discussion of the material BVI or United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the issuance or exercise of such subscription rights; | |
| ● |
any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights; | |
| ● | the extent to which the rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; and | |
| ● | the material terms of any standby underwriting agreement or other arrangement entered into by us in connection with the rights offering. |
Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase for cash the principal amount of securities at the exercise price set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, subject to the M&A and the Act. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.
If less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than our security holders, to or through agents, underwriters, or dealers, or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.
The applicable prospectus supplement may describe:
| ● | the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
| ● |
any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and
| |
| ● | any additional terms of the governing unit agreement. |
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements relating to such units.
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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in order to enjoy the following benefits at the date of this prospectus:
| ● | political and economic stability, with modern and flexible companies legislation; |
| ● | developed common law legal system with an effective judicial system, including a well respected commercial court with ultimate appeal to the Privy Council; |
| ● | tax neutrality, meaning the BVI does not add any extra layer of taxes (ie no income tax, corporation tax or capital gains tax); and |
| ● | the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions, no statutory financial assistance restrictions; and the availability of world-class professional and support services. |
However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the British Virgin Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | the British Virgin Islands has a less exhaustive body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors; and |
| ● | British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. |
The courts of the British Virgin Islands will in certain circumstances recognise and enforce monetary judgments made in the jurisdiction of the United States. The judgment creditor would be required to bring a common law claim for enforcement of the judgment as a debt (the British Virgin Islands has no statutory enforcement regime for judgments obtained in the United States).
:
Seeking to enforce the judgment as a debt would mean that no retrial of the issues would be necessary, provided that:
| ● | the U.S. court issuing the judgment had jurisdiction in the matter and the company either submitted to such jurisdiction or was resident or carrying on business within such jurisdiction and was duly served with process; |
| ● | the judgement is final and for a liquidated sum; |
| ● | in obtaining judgment there was no fraud on the part of the person in whose favor judgment was given or on the part of the court; |
| ● | recognition or enforcement of the judgment in the British Virgin Islands would not be contrary to public policy; and |
| ● | the proceedings pursuant to which judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice; and. |
| ● | the judgment given by the U.S. court was not in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company (see below). |
The courts of the British Virgin Islands will not usually have jurisdiction to enforce original actions predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws. Typically, any such action would need to be brought within the jurisdiction of the United States.
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The British Virgin Islands courts are unlikely:
| ● | to recognize or enforce against the Company, judgments of courts of the U.S. predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S.; and |
| ● | to impose liabilities against the Company, predicated upon the certain civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. |
Our constitutional documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.
Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in the PRC, and substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC. A majority of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of the PRC and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. Our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would:
| ● | recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or |
| ● | entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. |
We have been advised by our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the PRC would enforce judgments of United States courts or BVI courts obtained against us or these persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal and state securities laws. Our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the United States or the British Virgin Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the British Virgin Islands.
Anti-money Laundering
In order comply with legislation or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering the Company is required to adopt and maintain anti-money laundering procedures, and may (among other things) require members to provide evidence to verify their identity. Where permitted, and subject to certain conditions, the Company also may delegate the maintenance of our anti-money laundering procedures (including the acquisition of due diligence information) to a suitable person.
If any person resident in the British Virgin Islands knows or suspects (or has reasonable ground for knowing or suspecting) that another person is engaged in money laundering, terrorist financing or proliferating financing and the information or other matter for that knowledge or suspicion (or giving reasonable grounds for such knowledge or suspicion) came to their attention in the course of their trade, profession, business or employment the person will be required to disclose the information or other matter to the Financial Investigation Agency of the British Virgin Islands as soon as reasonably practicable after it comes to their attention, pursuant to the Proceeds of Criminal Conduct Act 1997 (as amended). Such a disclosure shall not be treated as a breach of any restriction imposed by any enactment or otherwise.
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Our 2021 Annual Report provides a discussion of certain tax considerations that may be relevant to prospective investors in our securities. The applicable prospectus supplement may also contain information about certain material tax considerations relating to the securities covered by such prospectus supplement. You should consult your own tax advisors prior to acquiring any of our securities.
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Subject to the M&A and the Act, we may sell the securities offered by this prospectus in any one or more of the following ways (or in any combination) from time to time:
| ● | directly to investors, including through privately negotiated transactions, a specific bidding, auction or other process; |
| ● | to investors through agents; |
| ● | directly to agents; |
| ● | to or through underwriters or dealers; |
| ● | in “at the market” offerings, within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or through a market or into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise; |
| ● | through a combination of any such methods of sale; or |
| ● | through any other method permitted by applicable law and described in the applicable prospectus supplement. |
The prospectus supplement with respect to the securities may state or supplement the terms of the offering of the securities.
In addition, subject to the M&A and the Act, we may issue the securities as a dividend or distribution or in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders. In some cases, we or dealers acting for us or on our behalf may also repurchase securities and reoffer them to the public by one or more of the methods described above. This prospectus may be used in connection with any offering of our securities through any of these methods or other methods described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Our securities distributed by any of these methods may be sold to the public, in one or more transactions, either:
| ● | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
| ● | at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; | |
| ● | at prices related to prevailing market prices; or |
| ● | at negotiated prices. |
Sale through Underwriters or Dealers
If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase agreements with us. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions. Underwriters may sell the securities in order to facilitate transactions in any of our other securities (described in this prospectus or otherwise), including other public or private transactions and short sales. Underwriters may offer the securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
If dealers are used in the sale of securities offered through this prospectus, we will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The applicable prospectus supplement will include the names of the underwriters or dealers and the terms of the transaction, including compensation for the underwriters or dealers.
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Direct Sales and Sales through Agents
We may sell the securities offered through this prospectus directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. Such securities may also be sold through agents designated from time to time. The applicable prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities and will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its commonly reasonable efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment. We may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those shares. The terms of any such sales will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Offered securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions payable by us to such agent will be set forth, in the supplement relating to that offering. Unless otherwise specified in connection with a particular offering of securities, any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
As one of the means of direct issuance of offered securities, we may utilize the services of an entity through which it may conduct an electronic “dutch auction” or similar offering of the offered securities among potential purchasers who are eligible to participate in the auction or offering of such offered securities, if so described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Delayed Delivery Contracts
If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.
Market Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions
Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, each series of offered securities will be a new issue and will have no established trading market. We may elect to list any series of offered securities on an exchange. Any underwriters that we use in the sale of offered securities may make a market in such securities, but may discontinue such market making at any time without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the securities will have a liquid trading market.
Any underwriter may also engage in stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Rule 104 under the Exchange Act. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the underlying security in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would be in the absence of the transactions. The underwriters may, if they commence these transactions, discontinue them at any time.
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Derivative Transactions and Hedging
We and the underwriters may engage in derivative transactions involving the securities. These derivatives may consist of short sale transactions and other hedging activities. The underwriters may acquire a long or short position in the securities, hold or resell securities acquired and purchase options or futures on the securities and other derivative instruments with returns linked to or related to changes in the price of the securities. In order to facilitate these derivative transactions, we may enter into security lending or repurchase agreements with the underwriters. The underwriters may effect the derivative transactions through sales of the securities to the public, including short sales, or by lending the securities in order to facilitate short sale transactions by others. The underwriters may also use the securities purchased or borrowed from us or others (or, in the case of derivatives, securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives) to directly or indirectly settle sales of the securities or close out any related open borrowings of the securities.
Loans of Securities
We may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third parties that in turn may sell the securities using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement.
General Information
Agents, underwriters, and dealers may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification by us, against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Our agents, underwriters, and dealers, or their affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our affiliates, in the ordinary course of business for which they may receive customary compensation.
Conflicts of Interest
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements with us, to indemnification by us relating to material misstatements and omissions in our offering documents. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in their ordinary course of business.
Except for securities issued upon a reopening of a previous series, each series of offered securities will be a new issue of securities and will have no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom offered securities are sold for public offering and sale may make a market in such offered securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. The offered securities may or may not be listed on a securities exchange. No assurance can be given that there will be a market for the offered securities.
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EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the various expenses in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered. We will bear all of the expenses shown below.
| SEC Registration Fee | $ | 18,540 | ||
| FINRA filing fee | 30,500 | |||
| Printing and engraving expenses | * | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | * | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | * | |||
| Transfer agent fees and expenses | * | |||
| Miscellaneous | * | |||
| Total | $ | * |
| * | The amount of securities and number of offerings are indeterminable, and the expenses cannot be estimated at this time. To be provided by a prospectus supplement or as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. |
The validity of the debt securities and warrants offered by this prospectus, to the extent governed by the laws of the State of New York, will be passed upon for us by Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York, our special United States counsel. The validity of the Common Shares, to the extent governed by BVI law, will be passed upon for us by Mourant Ozannes, a BVI partnership. Certain legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Yuan Tai Law Offices. If legal matters in connection with offerings made pursuant to this prospectus are passed upon by counsel to underwriters, dealers or agents, such counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any such offering.
The consolidated financial statements of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. appearing in our 2021 Annual Report for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been audited by YCM CPA Inc., an independent registered public accounting firms, as set forth in the reports thereon included therein and incorporated herein by reference.
Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firms as experts in accounting and auditing.
Insofar as indemnification by us for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling the company pursuant to provisions of our M&A, the Act or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification by such director, officer or controlling person of us in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being offered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Except as otherwise disclosed in this prospectus, there have been no reportable material changes that have occurred since December 31, 2021, and that have not been described in a report on Form 6-K furnished under the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it into this prospectus. This means that we can disclose important information about us and our financial condition to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the information contained in the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, except for information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed filed and not incorporated by reference into this prospectus (unless otherwise indicated below), until the termination of the offering of securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement:
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below:
| ● | our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on May 5, 2022; | |
| ● | our Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on June 9, 2022, including Exhibit 99.1 thereto; | |
| ● | our Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on June 1, 2022, including Exhibit 10.1 thereto; |
| ● | the description of the Company’s Common Shares contained in the Form 8-A12B, filed with the SEC on November 28, 2017, and any further amendment or report filed hereafter for the purpose of updating such description; and | |
| ● | with respect to each offering of the securities under this prospectus, all our subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F and any report on Form 6-K that indicates that it is being incorporated by reference that we file or furnish with the SEC on or after the date on which the registration statement is first filed with the SEC and until the termination or completion of the offering by means of this prospectus. |
Our 2021 Annual Report contains a description of our business and audited consolidated financial statements with reports by our independent auditors. The consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Any reports filed by us with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and before the date that the offering of securities by means of this prospectus is terminated will automatically update and, where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This means that you must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus or in any documents incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. Unless expressly incorporated by reference, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate by reference information furnished to, but not filed with, the SEC.
We will provide without charge to any person (including any beneficial owner) to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon oral or written request, a copy of any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus (except for exhibits to those documents unless a documents states that one of its exhibits is incorporated into the document itself). Such request should be directed to: ReTo Eco-Solutions, Incc/o Beijing REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd., Building X-702, 60 Anli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100101, telephone number: (+86) 10-64827328.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the SEC registering the securities that may be offered and sold hereunder. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, the exhibits filed therewith or the documents incorporated by reference therein. For further information about us and the securities offered hereby, reference is made to the registration statement, the exhibits filed therewith and the documents incorporated by reference therein. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. We are required to file reports and other information with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act, including annual reports on Form 20-F and reports of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K.
The SEC maintains a website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the website is www.sec.gov. The information on our website (www.retoeco.com), other than our SEC filings, is not, and should not be, considered part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference into this document.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We also maintain a corporate website at www.retoeco.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, and that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated into and is not part of this prospectus.
Additionally, under the Act the holders of our Common Shares are entitled, upon giving written notice to us, to inspect (i) our M&A, (ii) our register of members, (iii) our register of directors and (iv) minutes of meetings and resolutions of members, and to make copies of, and take extracts from the, these documents and records. However, our directors can refuse access if they are satisfied that to allow such access would be contrary to our interests.
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ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc.
US$200,000,000
Common Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Rights
Units
| PROSPECTUS |
, 2022
No dealer, salesperson or any other person is authorized to give any information or make any representations in connection with any offering pursuant to this prospectus other than those contained in this prospectus and, if given or made, the information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security other than the securities offered by this prospectus, or an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities by anyone in any jurisdiction in which the offer or solicitation is not authorized or is unlawful.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Act allows a BVI company to indemnify any current or former director against any expense, judgment, fine or amount paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with any legal, administrative or investigative proceedings brought against the director because the director served as a director of the company if: (i) the director acted honestly and in good faith and in what the director believed to be in the best interests of the company; and (iii) (in the case of criminal proceedings) the director had no reasonable cause to believe that the director’s conduct was unlawful. An indemnity that breaches the Act is void.
The Act allows a BVI company to pay any expenses incurred by any current or former director in defending any legal, administrative or investigative proceedings before the proceedings are finally concluded if the company is given an undertaking from, or on behalf of, the director to repay all amounts paid by the company if it is ultimately determined that the director is not entitled to be indemnified by the company.
With regard to conflicts of interest, any director of ReTo who is interested in a transaction into which ReTo has entered or will enter may vote on a matter relating to that transaction as long as he or she has disclosed the interest to each other director of ReTo.
Item 9. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference:
| Exhibit No. | Description | |
| 1.1+ | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
| 3.1 | Memorandum and Articles of Association (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Form F-1/A (File No. 333-219709) filed on August 4, 2017) | |
| 4.1* | Form of Indenture relating to debt securities | |
| 4.2+ | Form of Warrant Agreement (including form of Warrant Certificate) | |
| 4.3+ | Form of Right Agreement (including form of Right Certificate) | |
| 4.4+ | Form of Unit Agreement (including form of Unit Certificate) | |
| 5.1** | Opinion of Mourant Ozannes | |
| 23.1** | Consent of YCM CPA Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
| 23.2** | Consent of Mourant Ozannes (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
| 23.3** | Consent of Yuan Tai Law Offices | |
| 24.1** | Power of Attorney (included on signature page of the initial filing of this Registration Statement on Form F-3) | |
| 25.1*** | Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 of the Trustee under the Indenture | |
| 107** | Calculation of Filing Fee Tables |
| * | To be Filed by Amendment. |
| ** | Filed herewith. |
| *** | The Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the Trustee under the Indenture will be incorporated herein by reference from a subsequent filing under the electronic form type “305B2” in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. |
| + | To be filed as an exhibit to a post-effective amendment to this registration statement or as an exhibit to a report of the registrant filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, if applicable, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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Item 10. Undertakings.
| (a) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: | |
| to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; | ||
| to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and | ||
| to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement, | ||
| provided, however, that subsections (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those subsections is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement. | ||
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. | |
| (3) |
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. | |
| (4) | To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to any purchaser: |
| (i) | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in this registration statement; and | ||
| (ii) | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shall be deemed to be part of and included in this registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
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| (6) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: | ||
| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; | ||
| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; | ||
| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and | ||
| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. | ||
| (b) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (c) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| (d) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
| (e) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (f) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act, or the Act, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under section 305(b)(2) of the Act. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Beijing, China, on August 26, 2022.
| RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC. | |||
| By: | /s/ Hengfang Li | ||
| Name: | Hengfang Li | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned constitutes and appoints each of Hengfang Li and Yue Hu, each acting alone, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this Registration Statement on Form F-3, or other appropriate form, and all amendments thereto, including post-effective amendments, of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc., and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that any such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Hengfang Li | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Hengfang Li | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Yue Hu | Chief Financial Officer | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Yue Hu | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Guangfeng Dai | President, Chief Operating Officer and Director | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Guangfeng Dai | ||||
| /s/ Zhizhong Hu | Chief Technology Officer and Director | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Zhizhong Hu | ||||
| /s/ Shuhua Ma | Director | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Shuhua Ma | ||||
| /s/ Zhi Li | Director | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Zhi Li | ||||
| /s/ Lidong Liu | Director | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Lidong Liu | ||||
| /s/ Austin Huang | Director | August 26, 2022 | ||
| Austin Huang |
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SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc., has signed this Registration Statement in New York, NY on August 26, 2022.
| Authorized U.S. Representative | |||
| By: | /s/ Xinran Li | ||
| Name: | Xinran Li | ||
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Exhibit 5.1
 |
Mourant Ozannes 5th Floor Waters Edge Building Meridian Plaza Road Town Tortola, British Virgin Islands
T +1 284 852 1700 F +1 284 852 1799 |
|
ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. c/o Beijing REIT Technology Development Co., Ltd. Building X-702, 60 Anli Road Chaoyang District Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100101 |
26 August 2022
Our ref: 8059053/84134386/1
Dear Sir or Madam
ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (the Company)
We have acted as the Company’s British Virgin Islands legal advisers in connection with the registration statement on Form F - 3 (the Registration Statement) which has been filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the US Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act). The Registration Statement relates to the offering of:
| (a) | ordinary shares of US$0.001 per share in the Company (the Ordinary Shares); |
| (b) | debt securities which may be issued under one or more indentures (the Indentures) between the Company and a trustee to be specified in any accompanying prospectus supplement of the Company (the Debt Securities); |
| (c) | warrants that entitle the holder to purchase ordinary shares of the Company, debt securities or any combination thereof (the Warrants) that may be issued pursuant to one or more warrant agreements (the Warrant Agreement) between the Company and a bank or trust company to be identified therein as the warrant agent; |
| (d) | rights to purchase ordinary shares of the Company, debt securities or any combination thereof that may be offered by the Company to security holders (the Rights) under a separate rights agent agreement to be entered into between the Company and one or more banks, trust companies or other financial institutions as rights agent (the Rights Agreement); and |
| (e) | units comprising one or more of the securities described within the Registration Statement (the Units) that may be issued pursuant to one or more unit agreements (the Unit Agreement) between the Company and a unit agent to be identified therein, each as described more fully within the Registration Statement and in aggregate not exceeding US$200,000,000. |
The Company has asked us to provide this opinion in connection with the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Securities.
Mourant Ozannes is a British Virgin Islands partnership
| BVI | CAYMAN ISLANDS | GUERNSEY | HONG KONG | JERSEY | LONDON | mourant.com |
| 1. | Documents, searches and definitions |
| 1.1 | We have reviewed a copy of each of the following documents for the purposes of this opinion: |
| (a) | the Registration Statement; |
| (b) | the Company’s certificate(s) of incorporation (the Certificate of Incorporation) and memorandum and articles of association (the M&A) obtained from the Company Search; |
| (c) | a certificate of the Company’s registered agent dated 22 April 2022 (the Registered Agent’s Certificate); |
| (d) | a certified-copy of the Company’s shareholder list dated 26 August 2022 (the Shareholder List); and |
| (e) | a certificate of good standing for the Company dated 26 August 2022 issued by the Registrar (the Certificate of Good Standing). |
| 1.2 | We have carried out the following searches (together, the Searches) in relation to the Company: |
| (a) | a search of the records maintained by the Registrar that were on file and available for public inspection on 26 August 2022 (the Company Search); and |
| (b) | a search of the records of proceedings in the BVI Courts available for public inspection contained in the judicial enforcement management system (the electronic register of proceedings) maintained at the registry of the High Court of Justice of the Virgin Islands (the High Court) on 26 August 2022 (the High Court Search). |
| 1.3 | In this opinion: |
| (a) | Agreements means each Indenture, Warrant Agreement, Rights Agreement and Unit Agreement; |
| (b) | Authorising Resolutions means resolutions to be passed by the directors of the Company or an authorised committee thereof authorising the issue of Ordinary Shares, the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Rights, the Units, or any combination thereof; |
| (c) | BVI means the territory of the British Virgin Islands; |
| (d) | BVI Courts means the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, Court of Appeal (Virgin Islands) and the High Court (Civil and Commercial Divisions), and BVI Court means any of them; |
| (e) | Companies Act means the BVI Business Companies Act 2004; |
| (f) | Company Records means the Certificate of Incorporation, the M&A, the Shareholder List, the Certificate of Good Standing and the Registered Agent’s Certificate; |
| (g) | executed means (unless the context requires otherwise) that a document has been signed, dated and unconditionally delivered; |
| (h) | Insolvency Act means the Insolvency Act 2003; |
| (i) | insolvent has the meaning given in the Insolvency Act; |
| (j) | non-assessable means, in relation to an Ordinary Share, that the purchase price for which the Company agreed to issue that Ordinary Share has been paid in full to the Company and that no further sum is payable to the Company in respect of that Ordinary Share; |
| (k) | Prospectus means the prospectus that forms part of the Registration Statement; |
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| (l) | Prospectus Supplement means any prospectus supplements to the Prospectus that will be filed with the SEC in the future; |
| (m) | Registrar means the Registrar of Corporate Affairs appointed under the Companies Act; |
| (n) | Securities means the Ordinary Shares, the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Rights and the Units; and |
| (o) | signed means that a document has been duly signed or sealed. |
| 2. | Assumptions |
We have assumed (and have not independently verified) that:
| 2.1 | each document examined by us: |
| (a) | whether it is an original or copy, is (along with any date, signature, initial, stamp or seal on it) genuine and complete, up-to-date and (where applicable) in full force and effect; and |
| (b) | was (where it was executed after we reviewed it) executed in materially the same form as the last draft of that document examined by us; |
| 2.2 | in approving the issuance of the Securities in accordance with the Registration Statement and the relevant Agreement, each director of the Company: |
| (a) | acted or will act honestly, in good faith and in what the director believed or believes to be the best interests of the Company; |
| (b) | exercised or will exercise the director’s powers as a director for a proper purpose; and |
| (c) | exercised or will exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances; |
| 2.3 | each director of the Company (and any alternate director): |
| (a) | has disclosed or will disclose to each other director any interest of that director (or alternate director) in the transactions contemplated by the Registration Statement and the Agreements in accordance with the M&A and the Companies Act; and |
| (b) | disclosed or will disclose to each other director any interest of that director (or alternate director) in the issuance of the Securities in accordance with the M&A and the Companies Act; |
| 2.4 | any Authorising Resolutions will be duly passed, will be in full force and effect and will be effective under all applicable laws in authorising the Company to issue any relevant Securities and enter into any relevant Agreement; |
| 2.5 | each document examined by us that has been signed by the Company: |
| (a) | has been signed by the person(s) authorised by the Company to sign it; |
| (b) | (where any signatory is a body corporate) it has been signed in accordance with that body corporate’s constitution and then current signing authorities; and |
| (c) | has been dated and unconditionally delivered by the Company; |
3
| 2.6 | each party to each Agreement has (or will have): |
| (a) | the capacity and power; |
| (b) | taken or will take all necessary action; and |
| (c) | obtained or made (or will obtain and will make) all necessary agreements, approvals, authorisations, consents, filings, licences, registrations and qualifications (whether as a matter of any law or regulation applicable to it or as a matter of any agreement binding upon it), to execute, and perform its obligations under, that Agreement; |
| 2.7 | the Registration Statement has been authorised and executed by each party to it and each Agreement has, or will be, authorised and executed by each party to it; |
| 2.8 | there are no documents or arrangements to which the Company is party or resolutions of the Company’s directors or shareholders that conflict with, or would be breached by, any term of the Registration Statement, the Agreements or the issuance of any of the Securities; |
| 2.9 | the Company has executed, or will execute, each document, and did, or will do, each other act and thing, that it is required to execute or do under each relevant document in connection with the issuance of the Securities (including the Registration Statement and each Agreement); |
| 2.10 | the Securities have been (or will be) issued in accordance with all applicable laws, the M&A and the terms of the Registration Statement and the relevant Agreement, and any Agreement will be in full force and effective and legal, binding and enforceable under all applicable laws at the time that the relevant Securities are issued; |
| 2.11 | the Registration Statement and any required amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all future supplement to the Prospectus required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; |
| 2.12 | the Company was not insolvent and will not become insolvent as a result of executing, or performing its obligations under, any document relating to the issuance of the Securities (including the Registration Statement and each Agreement) and at the time the Company issues Securities to the subscriber of the relevant Securities no steps will have been taken, or resolutions passed, to appoint a liquidator of the Company or a receiver in respect of the Company or any of its assets; |
| 2.13 | none of our opinions will be affected by the laws or public policy of any foreign jurisdiction; |
| 2.14 | in relation to the Searches: |
| (a) | all public records of the Company we have examined are complete and accurate; |
| (b) | all filings required to be made in relation to the Company with the Registrar have been made and there was no information which had been filed that did not appear on the records of the Company at the time of the Company Search; and |
| (c) | the information disclosed by the Searches was at the time of each search, and continues to be, accurate and complete; and |
| 2.15 | the Company Records were, and remain at the date of this opinion, accurate and complete. |
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| 3. | Opinion |
Subject to the assumptions, observations, qualifications and limitations set out in this opinion, and to matters not disclosed to us, we are of the following opinion.
| 3.1 | Status: the Company is registered under the Companies Act, validly exists under the laws of the BVI and is of good standing with the Registrar. The Company is of good standing on the date of issue of the Certificate of Good Standing if it: |
| (a) | is listed on the register of companies maintained by the Registrar; |
| (b) | has paid to the Registrar all fees, annual fees and penalties due and payable; and |
| (c) | has filed with the Registrar a copy of its register of directors which is complete (to the satisfaction of the Registrar as to the requisite information relating to each director and is properly filed) or is not yet due to file its register of directors with the Registrar. |
| 3.2 | Ordinary Shares: when (i) the Ordinary Shares have been specifically authorised by the Authorising Resolutions, (ii) the terms of the issuance and sale of the Ordinary Shares have been duly established in conformity with the M&A and the Authorising Resolutions, (iii) the Ordinary Shares have been issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the applicable underwriting or other purchase agreement or upon conversion or exercise of any Securities offered under the Registration Statement against payment therefor, (iv) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Authorising Resolutions and the applicable underwriting agreement or other purchase agreement and such consideration per share is not less than the par value per Ordinary Share, and (v) the name of the respective shareholder is entered in the Company’s register of members, such Ordinary Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
| 3.3 | Warrants: when (i) the Warrants have been specifically authorised for issuance by the Authorising Resolutions, (ii) the applicable Warrant Agreement relating to the Warrants has been duly authorised, executed and delivered by the Company, (iii) the terms of the Warrants and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Warrant Agreement and the Authorising Resolutions, (iv) the Warrants have been duly executed by the Company and countersigned in accordance with the applicable Warrant Agreement and Authorising Resolutions and issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the applicable underwriting or other purchase agreement against payment therefor, and (v) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Authorising Resolutions and the applicable underwriting agreement or other purchase agreement, such Warrants will be legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. |
| 3.4 | Debt Securities: when (i) the Debt Securities have been specifically authorised for issuance by the Authorising Resolutions, (ii) the applicable Indentures relating to the Debt Securities has been duly authorised, executed and delivered by the Company, (iii) the terms of the Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Indentures and the Authorising Resolutions, (iv) the Debt Securities have been duly executed by the Company and countersigned in accordance with the applicable Indentures and Authorising Resolutions and issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the applicable underwriting or other purchase agreement against payment therefor, and (v) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Authorising Resolutions and the applicable underwriting agreement or other purchase agreement, such Debt Securities will be legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. |
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| 3.5 | Rights: when (i) the Rights have been specifically authorised for issuance by the Authorising Resolutions, (ii) the applicable Rights Agreement has been duly authorised, executed and delivered, (iii) the terms of the Rights and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Rights Agreement and the Authorising Resolutions, (iv) the Rights have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the applicable Rights Agreement and issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the applicable underwriting or other purchase agreement against payment therefor, and (v) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Authorising Resolutions and the applicable underwriting agreement or other purchase agreement, such Rights will be legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. |
| 3.6 | Units: when (i) the Units have been specifically authorised for issuance by the Authorising Resolutions, (ii) the applicable Unit Agreement has been duly authorised, executed and delivered, (iii) the terms of the Units and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Unit Agreement and the Authorising Resolutions, (iv) the Units have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the applicable Unit Agreement and issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the applicable underwriting or other purchase agreement against payment therefor, and (v) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Authorising Resolutions and the applicable underwriting agreement or other purchase agreement, such Units will be legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. |
| 4. | Qualifications and observations |
This opinion is subject to the following qualifications and observations.
| 4.1 | This opinion is subject to all laws relating to bankruptcy, dissolution, insolvency, re-organisation, liquidation, moratorium, court schemes and other laws and legal procedures of general application affecting or relating to the rights of creditors. |
| 4.2 | When the term enforceable or binding is used in paragraph 3 (Opinion) of our opinion, it means that an obligation is of a type that the BVI Courts will enforce. It does not mean that the obligation will necessarily be enforced in all circumstances or in accordance with its terms or that any particular remedy will be available. In particular, but without limitation: |
| (a) | enforcement may be prevented by statutory provisions relating to the setting aside of unfair preferences, undervalue transactions, voidable floating charges, extortionate credit transactions and disclaiming of onerous property; |
| (b) | enforcement may be limited by general principles of equity (for example, equitable remedies like specific performance and injunction are discretionary and may not be available where damages are considered to be an adequate remedy); |
| (c) | enforcement of obligations may be invalidated by reason of duress, fraud, misrepresentation, mistake or undue influence; |
| (d) | contractual provisions that require a defaulting party to pay a sum that is out of all proportion to the innocent party’s legitimate interest in the agreement being performed or which seek to punish a defaulting party may be held to be unenforceable on the ground that they constitute penalties; |
| (e) | provisions in an agreement or in a BVI company’s memorandum or articles of association that fetter any statutory power may not be enforceable; |
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| (f) | the BVI Courts will not enforce the terms of an agreement if: |
| (i) | they are, or their performance would be, illegal or contrary to public policy in the BVI or in any other jurisdiction; or |
| (ii) | they would conflict with or breach applicable sanctions or exchange control regulations; |
| (g) | the BVI Courts may not enforce the terms of an agreement: |
| (i) | for the payment or reimbursement of, or indemnity against, the costs of enforcement (actual or contemplated) or of litigation brought before the BVI Courts or foreign courts or where the BVI Courts or foreign courts have themselves made an order for costs; |
| (ii) | that constitute an agreement to negotiate or an agreement to agree; |
| (iii) | that would involve the enforcement of any foreign revenue, penal or other public laws or an indemnity in respect of any of these laws; |
| (iv) | that seek to exclude the jurisdiction of the BVI Courts; |
| (v) | that relate to confidentiality (which may be overridden by the requirements of legal process); |
| (vi) | that provide that any of the terms of that agreement can only be amended or waived in writing (and not orally or by course of conduct); or |
| (vii) | that permit the severance of illegal, invalid or unenforceable terms; |
| (h) | a judgment of a BVI Court or a foreign court given in respect of contractual obligations may be held to supersede them (so they may not survive the judgment even if expressed to do so); |
| (i) | the BVI Courts may refuse to allow unjust enrichment; |
| (j) | claims may become time barred or may be subject to rights and defences of abatement, acquiescence, counter-claim, estoppel, frustration, laches, set-off, waiver and similar defences; |
| (k) | the effectiveness of terms that seek to exclude or limit a liability or duty otherwise owed, or to indemnify a person in respect of a loss caused by the act or omission of that person, may be limited by law; and |
| (l) | where any party to an agreement is party to it in more than one capacity that party may not be able to enforce obligations owed by it to itself. |
| 4.3 | Where a director fails, in accordance with the Companies Act, to disclose an interest in a transaction entered into by a BVI company, the transaction is voidable. |
| 4.4 | The Company Search will not reveal any document which has not been filed with the Registrar or which was filed but was not registered or did not appear on the Company’s file at the time of the Company Search. |
| 4.5 | The High Court Search will not reveal (among other things) if there are any: |
| (a) | proceedings or appointments that have not been filed or that have been filed but have not been recorded in the High Court’s judicial enforcement management system; |
| (b) | proceedings commenced prior to 1 January 2000 if no document has been filed since that date; |
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| (c) | proceedings against the Company that have been threatened but not filed; |
| (d) | files that have been sealed pursuant to a court order; or |
| (e) | arbitration proceedings in which the Company is a defendant or respondent. |
| 4.6 | The Insolvency Act requires a receiver appointed in respect of a BVI company (or any of its assets) to file a notice of appointment with the Registrar and (if the company is or has been a regulated person (as defined in the Insolvency Act)) with the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission. If the receiver fails to do so, the receiver will be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine. This does not, however, invalidate the receiver’s appointment. |
| 5. | Limitations |
| 5.1 | This opinion is limited to the matters expressly stated in it and it is given solely in connection with the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Securities. |
| 5.2 | For the purposes of this opinion, we have only examined the documents listed in paragraph 1.1 above and carried out the Searches. We have not examined any term or document incorporated by reference (including any Agreement), or otherwise referred to, whether in whole or part, in the Registration Statement and we offer no opinion on any such term or document. |
| 5.3 | We have made no investigation of, and express no opinion with respect to, the laws of any jurisdiction other than the BVI or the effect of the Registration Statement under those laws. In particular, we express no opinion as to the meaning or effect of any foreign statutes referred to in the Registration Statement. |
| 5.4 | We assume no obligation to advise the Company (or any person we give consent to rely on this opinion) in relation to changes of fact or law that may have a bearing on the continuing accuracy of this opinion. |
| 6. | Governing law |
This opinion, and any non-contractual obligations arising out of it, are governed by, and to be interpreted in accordance with, BVI laws in force on the date of this opinion.
| 7. | Consent |
| 7.1 | This opinion may only be used in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities while the Registration Statement is effective. |
| 7.2 | We consent to: |
| (a) | the filing of a copy of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement; and |
| (b) | reference to us being made in the section of the Prospectus under the heading Legal Matters and elsewhere in the Prospectus. |
In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act.
Yours faithfully
Mourant Ozannes
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Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC. of our report dated May 2, 2022, with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC., and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the Registration Statement.
/s/ YCM CPA, Inc.
PCAOB ID 6781
Irvine, California
August 26, 2022
Exhibit 23.3
Date: August 26, 2022
Dear Sirs,
We, Yuan Tai Law Offices, consent to the reference to our firm in the Registration Statement of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form F-3, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (hereinafter the “SEC”) on August 26, 2022 in relation to the offering, issuance, and selling common shares, par value US$0.001 per share, debt securities, warrants, rights or units up to US$200,000,000 or its equivalent in one or more issuance.
Yours faithfully,
