Royal Gold Inc Q2 FY2022 Earnings Call

Good day, and welcome to the Royal Gold 6-month transition period in December quarter 2021 conference call. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Alistair Baker, Vice President of Investor Relations and Business Development. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Good morning, and welcome to our discussion of Royal Gold's 6-month transition period and December quarter 2021 results. This event is being webcast live, and you will be able to access a replay of this call on our website. Speaking on the call today are Bill Heissenbuttel, President and CEO; Paul Libner, CFO and Treasurer; and Mark Isto, Executive Vice President and COO of Royal Gold Corporation. Dan Breeze, Vice President, Corporate Development of RGAG; and Randy Shefman, General Counsel, are also available for questions. During today's call, we will make forward-looking statements, including statements about our projections and expectations for the future. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. These risks and uncertainties are discussed in yesterday's press release and our filings with the SEC. We will also refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted net income, adjusted net income per share and adjusted EBITDA margin. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are available in yesterday's press release, which can be found on our website. Bill will give you an overview of the transition period in December quarter, followed by Mark with an operating update, Paul will then provide a financial update, and Bill will wrap up the call with some closing comments. We'll then open the lines for a Q&A session. I'll now turn the call over to Bill.

Good morning, and thank you for joining the call. As of December 31, we closed out a 6-month transition period. From this point forward, we will be reporting on a calendar year schedule. I want to thank our team for the hard work to complete another audit just 6 months after the last while also incorporating our first property disclosures under the SEC's new S-K 1300 reporting guidelines. Turning to the results for the 6-month period. I'll begin on Slide 4. In summary, we posted very solid results. Despite flat to declining precious metal prices, we still posted a 12% increase in revenue to $343 million, which included excellent results from our royalty portfolio. Our volume of 191,300 gold equivalent ounces was an impressive 18% above the 6 months ending December 31, 2020. Operating cash flow was very healthy at $249 million, up 28% over the same period last year, and earnings were $138 million or $2.10 per share. After adjustments, earnings were $2.11 per share. The larger percentage increase in cash flows and revenue is indicative of the efficiency of our business and our ability to leverage a low cost base that is largely insulated from the effects of inflation. We raised our dividend in November for the 21st year in a row, and on January 31, we were added to the S&P High-Yield Dividend Aristocrats Index. This index is made up of 114 companies that have consistently increased their dividends every year for at least 20 years. We're the only precious metals company in this index, and we're pleased to be included alongside the likes of well-known companies like IBM and Nike. We used our operating cash flow to repay debt. At the end of December, we were debt-free with approximately $1.2 billion of available liquidity. We also added growth to the portfolio during the period with the previously announced acquisitions of the Red Chris Royalty and NX Gold Mine Stream and increased our silver stream rate at Khoemacau. I'll let Mark give a more detailed update on Khoemacau in his remarks. Finally, I'd like to welcome Martin Raffield to our team in a new role as Vice President of Operations. Martin has extensive experience in operational, corporate, construction and consulting roles, and we got to know him when he held senior project development and technical roles at Golden Star and through his participation in some of our due diligence team efforts after he left Golden Star. Martin's skills and experience will further add to our technical depth, and we are very pleased to welcome him to the team. With that, I'll turn the call over to Mark for an update on our portfolio.

Thanks, Bill. I'll start on Slide 5 with some comments on our transition period production. We provided our initial guidance for the 6-month transition period in early August and raised guidance in November to reflect a record GEO production we reported for the September quarter. Strong performance again in the December quarter of 93,900 GEOs allowed us to reach 191,300 GEOs for the period, exceeding the top end of our revised guidance range of 180,000 to 190,000 GEOs. As Bill mentioned, most of this outperformance was due to production volume rather than metal price impacts as GEOs were approximately 191,000 using the same metal prices we used to set our guidance. Turning to Slide 6. I'll provide some commentary on the December quarter. I'll note that we're reporting before many of our operating counterparties. So I won't be able to provide specifics on all of our interests. Overall revenue was $169 million, with a volume of 93,900 GEOs. Our Royalty segment contributed $57.9 million in revenue, an increase of 14% over the prior year quarter, representing about 34% of total revenue for the quarter. Notable revenue increases were attributed to Cortez with higher production following recovery from a pit wall stability issue that impacted the first half of 2021 into Voisey's Bay due to higher base metal prices. We also had a large revenue contribution in the quarter due to a true-up of previous period underpayments from Leeville. These increases were partially offset by lower revenue from our South Laverton net profits interest royalty, which was mostly due to the timing of revenue recognition. We recognized the NPI revenue in the September quarter of 2021 and in the December quarter of 2020. On the stream side, revenue of $111 million was up about 3% from the prior year quarter. New revenue from Khoemacau and NX Gold was partially offset by lower sales from the Mount Milligan copper stream. At Pueblo Viejo, silver sales and deliveries were lower due to continued recovery issues with the silver circuit. Recoveries continue to track near minimum recovery levels prescribed in the stream agreement, and we saw further delivery deferral of approximately 41,000 ounces during the December quarter. The balance of deferred silver is now approximately 459,000 ounces. We expect silver recoveries will remain highly variable until the expansion project is completed and bottlenecks associated with the silver circuit and silver recovery can be fully addressed. This remains a cash flow timing issue from our perspective, and we don't expect it to have any lasting impact on silver revenue. Turning to Slide 7. I'll give an update on Khoemacau in Botswana. KCM reported continued ramp-up of mine production since our last quarterly call in November, but progress has been slow due to impacts from COVID-19. Botswana was hit hard by the Omicron variant in December, and Khoemacau was no exception. In December, approximately 25% of the operator workforce, including about 40% of the highest skilled operators, were unavailable to work due to COVID protocols, which affected about 40% of the mining shifts. When combined with shortages of skilled operators and typical operational issues related to starting up a mining operation in a new ore body, progress in the quarter was slower than expected. Fortunately, the worst of the Omicron wave appears to have passed. Currently, only 2% of the mining workforce is self-isolating, and January production was approximately 40% of the 10,000 tonne per day target. KCM has extended the ramp-up period and is now expecting to reach full production by the fourth quarter of 2022, which is about 1 quarter later than the schedule we provided on our last call. While we're not providing detailed ramp-up forecasts for the next quarters, I expect operational flexibility will increase as more mining areas continue to open up. It is worth highlighting that ground conditions are as expected. Orebody widths and grades are in line with the resource model, and metallurgical recoveries are in line with expectations. We are also confident that the project has the equipment and manpower resources required to support the planned production ramp-up. Regarding KCM's financial position, working capital has been impacted due to the slower ramp-up, and we're currently in discussions with KCM on providing the final $26.5 million available under the Silver Stream. This discussion includes RK Mine finance as well as KCM shareholders, and we expect that additional support and equity will be provided alongside any further stream contribution. The aim of all parties is to ensure sufficient liquidity is available to allow Khoemacau to reach full production levels. In the event we contribute the full $26.5 million, Royal Gold's stream interest would increase to 100% of payable silver, which at full production is expected to be 1.8 million to 2 million ounces per year. While COVID-19 was an unforeseen challenge when development started in 2019, KCM's management is handling the situation well and has a well-engineered ramp-up plan in place, and we're pleased to have increased exposure to this high-quality project. KCM provided an update on their website earlier this week at khoemacau.com, and I encourage you to review that information for additional detail on the project progress. I'll now turn the call over to Paul for a review of our financial results.

Thanks, Mark. I will now turn to Slide 9 and give an overview of the financial results for the quarter. For this discussion, I will be comparing the quarter ended December 31, 2021, to the prior year quarter. Revenue was $169 million for the quarter, a 6% increase over the prior year period. We had strong production of 93,900 gold equivalent ounces or GEOs, which was an 11% increase over the prior year period. Most of the revenue increase was driven by strong operating performance, as Mark mentioned in his remarks. Also contributing to our increased revenue was the second quarter of deliveries from Khoemacau and NX Gold, which together contributed about $8 million during the quarter. With respect to metal prices compared to the prior year quarter, the average price of gold and silver was down about 4%, while the average price of copper was up 35%. Gold continued to be dominant, making up about 73% of our total revenue, followed by silver at 12% and copper at about 10%. Cost of sales, which excludes DD&A and specific to our streaming segment, was steady at $25.1 million, compared to $24.9 million in the prior period. Our DD&A expense was $49.1 million, up slightly from $47.9 million in the prior year quarter. Our DD&A expense on a dollars per GEO basis was $523 per GEO for the quarter compared to $567 per GEO in the prior year. The decrease in our DD&A per GEO was a result of stronger performances within our royalty portfolio. Earnings were $68.2 million or $1.04 per share, a 14% increase from the prior year quarter. After adjusting for a $1.5 million expense related to the fair value change in equity securities, our adjusted earnings were $1.05 per share. We reported another very strong quarter of operating cash flow at $119 million, which was a 19% increase over the prior year and was primarily due to higher proceeds received from both our royalty and stream interest. Turning to Slide 10, I'd like to make a few comments on our performance relative to the transition period guidance. As Mark covered in his remarks, our transition period GEO sales came in slightly above the revised guidance range due to stronger volumes within the portfolio. Our transition period DD&A of $521 per GEO came in slightly below the bottom end of our earlier guidance range of $525 to $575 per GEO. The lower DD&A per GEO when compared to our earlier provided guidance range was largely due to the better-than-expected contributions from our royalty portfolio. As most of our royalties have been in the portfolio for many years, they then have lower overall carrying values and lower depletion rates. Our reported effective tax rate for the transition period was 17.8%. Absent the effect of discrete tax items during the period, our effective tax rate was 18.9%, which was in line with the earlier guidance range of 18% to 22%. With our move to calendar year-end reporting, we expect to begin providing one-year total GEO sales guidance. As several of our counterparties have yet to release their own production guidance for calendar 2022, we were not able to provide our 2022 GEO sales guidance today. We do expect to provide this guidance early in the second quarter or once all the information is made available. However, looking forward to the March quarter for our Stream segment and absent any potential operational impacts from COVID, we are expecting a slower start to the year in sales with the first quarter range of 50,000 to 55,000 GEOs. I will now turn to Slide 11 and provide a summary of our financial position at the end of the quarter. Our liquidity position continued to strengthen as we ended the quarter with $144 million of cash, working capital of $155 million and $1.2 billion of available liquidity. In line with our strategy of using operating cash flow to manage our debt level, we repaid the remaining $50 million revolver balance in early December and ended the year debt-free and with a full $1 billion revolver undrawn and available. We view the revolving credit facility as a key financing tool to provide accretive growth to our shareholders. Our business continues to generate strong operating cash flows, and we are comfortable using debt in a measured way and repaying that debt as cash flow allows. In relation to our outstanding commitment under the Khoemacau stream agreement, as Mark mentioned, we currently have $26.5 million available to KCM. KCM has advised that it intends to draw the remaining $26.5 million stream advanced payment later in February, which would then increase our Silver Stream interest from 90% to 100%. As part of the NX Gold Stream, we also have potential payments of up to $10 million through 2024, depending on Ero Copper meeting certain exploration and resource targets. We expect that funding for either of these will be made from our available cash resources. That concludes my comments on our financial performance for the quarter, and I will now turn the call back to Bill for closing comments.

Thanks, Paul. We ended calendar 2021 in a very strong position, and we're looking forward to building on that strength as we start 2022. Our diversified precious metals focused portfolio continues to perform well, and our strong balance sheet and cash flow position us well to act on new opportunities. We also anticipate positive news in 2022 from several assets in the portfolio. Khoemacau is expected to continue to ramp up throughout the year, and a pre-feasibility study on the project's expansion is expected in the second half of the year. Our first royalty payment from Red Chris is due by the end of the first quarter. New Gold is looking to release the optimized underground mine plan study for Rainy River in the first quarter, while Centerra plans to issue an updated technical report and life of mine plan for Mount Milligan in the second quarter. Existing royalty interests in Australia may see first gold production at King of the Hills and the initiation of construction at Bellevue in the middle of the year. We may see higher production at NX Gold with further exploration undertaken and work expected to continue on the longer-term NX 60 project. Lastly, the Pueblo Viejo process plant expansion is expected to be complete by the end of the year. On the ESG front, our short-term incentive compensation plan was modified in the transition period to include certain ESG factors, and we anticipate releasing our first ESG report in the first half of this year. We will be hosting a virtual investor update on April 20 this year, and we hope that you'll join us as we go into detail on these as well as other topics of interest. I'd like to finish by coming back to something I mentioned in my opening remarks, namely inflation and how our business model insulates us from direct exposure to the pressures faced by operating companies, many of which have reported recent cost inflation of 5% to 7%. We have not seen inflation erode our margins, and our 80% adjusted EBITDA margin in the December quarter of 2021 was unchanged compared to the December quarter of 2020. With our disciplined history of maintaining low and stable G&A costs, I expect that we'll continue to maintain our high leverage to gold prices while maintaining consistent and high margins. Operator, that concludes our prepared remarks. I'll now open the line for questions.

Our first question will come from Tyler Langton with JPMorgan.

Just to start, Paul, could you reiterate the guidance you provided for Q1? Was the stream volume expected to be between 50,000 and 55,000? I wanted to confirm that I understood it correctly.

That's correct, Tyler. It was the stream segment quarter sales, 50,000 to 55,000.

Do you have any information regarding the reasons for the sequential decline and which assets are contributing to it? Is this related to the deferrals at Pueblo Viejo, or can you provide any additional insights?

Yes. Let me turn it over to Mark, but there's a little bit of timing. As we've said, sometimes we have changes in delivery schedules and timing as such. But I may turn it over to Mark to give a little bit more color on some other notable items.

Yes, Paul, you're right that the main issue is related to the timing of shipments from Mount Milligan and the arrival of ships, which can range from 100 to 200 days. This makes it challenging to determine the best scheduling. We had sales in the December quarter that could have been recorded in the March quarter, and that's really the most significant factor.

Okay. That's helpful. Bill, regarding geopolitical risk, we're noticing some headline proposals in Chile, particularly about nationalization. Are any of these headlines causing you to hesitate when considering new investments? Do you think this is affecting developers who are exploring new projects?

Sure. It does influence our decision-making to some extent. I mean, you have to take into account the current conditions within the country. I've always been amazed at how the mining industry seems to be able to operate through very difficult situations. A lot of our investments, we typically look decades out. I try not to let short-term trends or moves take us completely out of the market unless those trends are significant. But it's a bit of a balancing act, but the short answer to your question is, yes, we absolutely consider those factors when we're looking at new countries.

Our next question will come from Cosmos Chiu with CIBC.

Maybe my first question is on Khoemacau. KCM clearly, I think they need a bit more liquidity or more money given the COVID-19 impact. They're exercising the $26.5 million with you. They're asking for lender support and additional equity from shareholders. I'm not sure how much you can share with us, but how tight is their financial situation? And how concerned are you or how concerned should we be in terms of their financial situation?

Cosmos, thanks for the question. I think one of the things I'd like to do is give Mark perhaps an opportunity to talk about sort of the review we have done in association with this request for funds because hopefully, it will give you a little confidence in how we see the plan. Mark, is that okay with you?

Yes, sure. Yes. So Cosmos, with every stream draw, we do a level of diligence on how things are going. For this one, I would say we did substantially more perhaps than we would usually do, and I'll share with you a bit of what we do and what we did. I mean we took a look at the definition drilling to make sure that definition drilling they were carrying out now confirms the orebody grade and widths, and it is. We looked closely at their schedule with respect to development and stoping and found the logic all works out with their mine design and the productivity that they've assumed in the schedule, all are workable and supportable. We see that on the milling side that they're achieving or exceeding recoveries. The operating costs are in line with what they've achieved, and we could see how they're projected out into 2022. Putting all of these things together, we looked at the cash flow and the liquidity that are being projected by Khoemacau and feel very confident that they've got a well-engineered plan, and I'm happy to try to fill in any gaps.

Yes, I believe it is largely due to the impact of COVID-19 on the start-up. Can you share the current vaccination situation in Botswana? We hope that no new variants will emerge, but there is always uncertainty. How at risk is the country and its workforce if such an event occurs again, particularly since it seems to have affected them this time, and the financial situation may be tighter than desired?

Yes. Yes, sure. It's a good question. December was significantly impacted as we made comments before. The production was probably impacted by 40% to 50% with many of the skilled miners in quarantine. But I think just actually yesterday, I was speaking to the CEO at Khoemacau, and he mentioned that the vaccination rate amongst their employees and contractors is over 90%. So they have a very high site vaccination rate. I can't speak particularly about the country, but the site is well vaccinated, and they have very rigorous testing and management protocols around COVID issues. So a lot of confidence that they're doing everything they can around that.

Great. I'd like to shift gears a bit and ask two quick modeling questions. I noticed that South Labraton, which is smaller than Khoemacau, reported costs of $1.8 million this quarter compared to $5.4 million last year. This likely contributed to the positive results we saw earlier today. My question is, how should we interpret this, and what would be a more accurate run rate? Additionally, how should we approach modeling this going forward?

Yes. Thanks for the question, Cosmos. And I think you're referring to our NPI. Which in and of itself means volatility. But Paul, would you want to just give a little background there? I'm not sure we can give you much in terms of forecasts, but maybe Paul can help.

Yes. Thanks for the question. As you've heard us say in the past, one of the strengths of our portfolio is the optionality and depth within the portfolio. We acquired this royalty back in 2010, I believe, when we acquired International Royalty Corporation. It's certainly been nice to see in 2020 some contributions from this NPI as well as 2021. But to provide you a bit more color on the royalties, the NPI is calculated and paid annually in Australian dollars, and it's actually due to us within 60 days of Northern Star's fiscal year-end, which is June 30. As is common with many NPI contracts, we don't have much visibility into the calculation and can only recognize revenue during the period in which we receive the royalty calculation so more or less on a cash basis versus an accrual basis. But as Mark mentioned in his comments, our 2020 NPI was received and recognized as revenue in December 2020, which has made up the large part of that $5.4 million that you mentioned for the prior year. While our 2021 NPI was received and recognized during our September 2021 quarter, which is really why you're seeing the decrease in the December quarter. I'd like to add that the recent acquisition of Saracen by Northern Star, the purchase accounting rules would require Northern Star to record its interest at South Laverton at fair value. This accounting exercise may increase Northern Star's carrying value at South Laverton, which could then increase their calculated depletion on the property, thus possibly reducing the net profits that would be attributable to our NPI calculation. Again, we don't have much visibility into this calculation, but this kind of accounting exercise could impact the royalty amounts that are owed to Royal Gold in the future. Does that help?

Yes. Yes, it does. And we'll again try our best to forecast what you might get from that. The other question I have in terms of modeling is income taxes. I see that for the transitional period, it was 17.8%, and you have forecasted 18% to 22%. It's always good, I guess, when it comes to taxes to be slightly under. But my question is, Paul, what drove the lower-than-expected tax rate? And again, what should we model on a go-forward basis?

I’ll address your question about our annual tax guidance. Typically, we provide this information during our first quarter, so I expect we’ll have guidance to share at our next quarterly conference call. In the last quarter, we had a couple of discrete tax items that slightly impacted our effective tax rate, lowering it by 1 or 2 points. One of these items was due to a favorable settlement we reached with a foreign taxing authority regarding a long-standing tax issue. The specifics of the settlement are confidential, but I can mention that the uncertain tax position contributing to this benefit comes from the RSC transaction from 2010, and we do not expect similar items in the future.

Great. And then you mentioned guidance that jogged my memory a little bit. Maybe 1 last kind of wrap-up question for Bill. Clearly, we're looking forward to your 2022 guidance. Have you given any thought in terms of would you be giving out longer-term guidance as well? Some of your peers in the industry have given up a 10-year guidance, 5-year guidance, longer-term guidance. Is that something that Royal Gold is also considering, Bill?

I don't expect that for 2022. Although I realize I might be in the minority on this, we don't have control over these properties. While we have good visibility on some assets, there are many where we lack insight due to not having contractual rights. Providing guidance on properties we are not closely involved with is challenging. We initially set a six-month guidance last year, but had to adjust it just three months later. Owners of the properties might not face that situation. When we release the annual guidance, we’ll see how that performs. If we feel confident about it, we might think about longer-term guidance. I would suggest thinking in terms of three years, possibly extending to five or ten years for properties we don't own. Honestly, I'm not sure what that means to you.

Our next question will come from Josh Wolfson with RBC Capital Markets.

Back to Khoemacau, the release mentioned some discussion with the lenders. Given Royal Gold was also part of the group with its overrun facility. I think there was $25 million. Is there any potential revision to the terms that were outlined there? Or is Royal considering other means of investment here beyond the stream and the existing debt in place?

What we're anticipating right now is what we have in the press release. Khoemacau has available to it $26.5 million under the overrun stream and that's really all we're looking at.

Our next question will come from Tanya Jakusconek with Scotiabank.

I just have 2. I just wanted to circle back, if I could, on Pueblo Viejo. I'm just trying to get a better understanding on this silver recovery. I think you mentioned that as we go through the plant expansion at Pueblo Viejo, it's going to be quite variable. So should we be thinking that since the plant expansion isn't going to be done until the end of this year that through 2022, we may not be getting many of these deferred ounces returning back to us or minimal contribution from Pueblo Viejo?

Tanya, I might turn that over to Mark, but I'm not sure there's going to be much we can add to what we've commented on. But Mark, is there anything you'd want to?

Yes, there really isn't much to add. I would say we've seen a lot of variability over the last 18 months, as you've seen. I don't see that variability really changing. It's been very hard to predict what that recovery is going to be for the full quarter. My thinking is that the variability continues. Our expectation is these bottlenecks will get worked out with the expansion, as we're being informed, and then we would see a more steady silver recovery situation.

Maybe you can't give us then these sales, but maybe you can talk a little bit about the silver circuit and what are now the issues and what is happening?

Yes, I mean, my perspective and from reading the monthly reports and talking with folks at the site is there's really been a push on tons through the plant. What happens when that push on tonnes overwhelms or comes up against bottlenecks associated with the silver circuit is that the silver circuit for various reasons will end up getting bypassed in the process, and the silver is not recovered. The site is very incentivized to recover silver. The reserve grade is over 14 grams, and at 9 million tonnes a year of processing, they have 4 million ounces of silver going through the circuit. With a 40% JV partner and having a nice credit on cash costs from byproduct cash costs, we're comforted that they're incentivized at the site to be very proactive on managing the silver recovery. We think it will be variable until the expansion is completed and expect it to settle down after that.

What comfort do you have that they just don't continue to jam the mill with the gold?

I believe they will continue to process a lot this year. However, the bottlenecks related to the silver circuit will be addressed during the expansion. This is the guidance we've received from the site team.

Okay. So maybe you could just share with me what are the bottlenecks so I could do a bit more research on that.

I hesitate to identify the most and least important factors because I might not get it right. Essentially, the entire circuit can be bypassed for various reasons related to managing heat or lime, both of which are essential for the lime boil circuit. You require heat and lime, and there are situations where one or both of these inputs may be limited.

All right. Maybe we'll take it offline. Okay. I just want to come back to my second question, which maybe Bill can talk or the team can talk on. Just wanted to come back to the deal environment. I just want to review your strategy because some strategies have changed over the last little while. Just want to review your focus, whether it continues to be in the precious metal space in gold? Or has anything changed there with what metals you're looking at?

Yes. Tanya, happy to answer that. Nothing has changed. I think you've probably heard me say more times than you'd like to hear that if I was given 5 projects and 3 are gold and 1 silver and 1 is non-precious, we'll probably look at the gold ones first and then silver, and we take them in that order. But I've been clear that if we find something that is non-precious that we consider to be a quality project, a quality operator, and in a good jurisdiction, we absolutely will entertain it. We believe within our precious metal revenue mix that we have ruled for something that is not precious. So nothing's changed.

Okay. And then just on the non-precious side, are we still talking about base metals or battery metals? Or is there no energy and/or other coal and/or anything else in there? I just want to clarify that.

Yes, not energy. I mean it will have to be a market that we understand. By market, I mean I understand there are some battery metals that I might not feel totally comfortable being in. But I also think that the risk profile of the operation, I would want it to be a mining operation where Mark's skills could apply on the mining side and on the metallurgical side. So if we can understand the market and understand the operation, that's it.

Okay. And then can we just circle back to just the opportunities in the precious metal space? Last quarter, we talked about the $100 million to $300 million range for funding project development and balance sheet repair. Is that still what you're seeing?

Tanya, I'd like to give Dan Breeze a shot at answering some of these questions.

Sure, Bill. Tanya, I hope you are doing well. That's a good question. The size range we've discussed remains consistent, specifically in the $100 million to $300 million range. However, what's perhaps newer is that last year’s equity issuance for precious metals declined compared to the previous year. Smaller companies and developers are facing challenges in raising equity. We're noticing opportunities for royalty financings that, in a more favorable market, would likely attract equity, which is quite interesting. These opportunities are generally below $50 million. We’re evaluating them by considering land packages, for instance, where there could be significant long-term upside. Although they are smaller, they are intriguing. This represents the newer aspect of the opportunities we are currently observing.

So development of royalties on development assets or packages on that is how I understood it.

Yes. We are seeing some third-party royalties, but primarily for development capital. You can imagine a company that would potentially look at the equity markets for $10 million to $30 million. If that's unavailable, then they're open to a royalty-type structure for financing. That's a newer focus, as I mentioned.

Okay. And then still, I'm assuming that there are some stream opportunities in that $100 million to $300 million range.

There are. We like the pipeline. Looking back last year, as you know, you have to go back to 2015 to see the kind of volume that transacted last year. We're seeing a good level of opportunities. We like what we see right now. I'd say it's still very much weighted towards development capital in terms of use of proceeds. A little bit on balance sheet strengthening, but not as much as we saw last year. I'd also say, just looking at asset purchases as well to help fund that purchase is another opportunity set that we see in the market right now as well.

I appreciate that. I just wanted to check those from moment to moment as some strategies have changed over the last little while. So I really appreciate the insights.

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Bill Heissenbuttel for any closing remarks.

Well, I just want to thank you for taking the time to join us today. We really appreciate your interest in Royal Gold, and we look forward to updating you on our progress during the next quarterly call. Take care.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.