Sharplink, Inc S-1/A, filed May 19, 2025
Sharplink, Inc. (SBET)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 19, 2025
Registration No. 333-286964
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
| SHARPLINK GAMING, INC. | ||
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in our charter) |
| Delaware | 7999 | 87-4752260 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer I.D. N.) |
SharpLink Gaming, Inc.
333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104
Minneapolis, Minnesota
(612) 293-0619
(Address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principle executive offices)
Rob Phythian
Chief Executive Officer
333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104
Minneapolis, Minnesota
(612) 293-0619
(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
| Faith L. Charles, Esq. | Ron Ben-Bassat, Esq. | |
| Thompson Hine LLP | Eric Victorson, Esq. | |
| 300 Madison Avenue, 27th Floor | Sullivan & Worcester LLP | |
| New York, New York 10017 | 1251 Avenue of the Americas | |
| Phone: (212) 908-3905 | New York, New York 10020 |
Approximate date of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated Filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant will file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement will thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement will become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted, and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION | DATED MAY 19, 2025 |
Up to 1,520,270 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 1,520,270 Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase
Up to 1,520,270 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 1,520,270 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Pre-Funded Warrants
SHARPLINK GAMING, INC.
This is a reasonable best efforts public offering of up to 1,520,270 shares of common stock (the “Common Stock”), par value $0.0001 share, or pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,520,270 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) in lieu thereof, at an assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share (the last sale price of our Common Stock as reported by The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) on May 16, 2025).
We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of Common Stock in this offering would otherwise result in any such purchaser, together with its affiliates, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of such purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding Common Stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of Common Stock that would otherwise result in such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of such purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of Common Stock. The purchase price for each Pre-Funded Warrant will equal the per share public offering price for the Common Stock in this offering less the $0.0001 per share exercise price of each such Pre-Funded Warrant. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable upon issuance or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrant. For each Pre-Funded Warrant we sell, the number of shares of Common Stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.
These securities are being sold in this offering to certain purchasers under a securities purchase agreement dated , 2025 between us and such purchasers. Pursuant to this prospectus, we are also offering shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants.
The shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be issued upon the exercise thereof. Because there is no minimum number of securities or minimum aggregate amount of proceeds for this offering to close, we may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby, and purchasers in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of securities sufficient to pursue the business goals outlined in this prospectus. Because there is no escrow account and there is no minimum offering amount, purchasers could be in a position where they have invested in our Company, but we are unable to fulfill our objectives, outlined in this prospectus, due to a lack of interest in this offering. Also, any proceeds from the sale of securities offered by us will be available for our immediate use, despite uncertainty about whether we would be able to use such funds to effectively implement our business plan.
The offering of the Common Stock and the Pre-Funded Warrants will terminate no later than May 30, 2025; however, the shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants will be offered on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Our Common Stock trades on Nasdaq under the symbol “SBET.” On May 16, 2025, the last reported sale price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq was $2.96 per share. The final public offering price of the shares of our Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants will be determined between us and the purchasers based on market conditions at the time of pricing and may be at a discount to the current market price of our Common Stock. Therefore, the recent market price and resulting assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may differ substantially from the actual offering price. The Pre-Funded Warrants are not listed on a national securities exchange. We do not intend to apply to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants may be limited.
We expect this offering to be completed within one business day after we enter into a securities purchase agreement related to this offering. The offering will settle delivery versus payment, or DVP, receipt versus payment, or RVP, (on the closing date we will issue the Common Stock directly to the account(s) at the placement agent identified by each purchaser; upon receipt of such shares, the placement agent shall promptly electronically deliver such shares to the applicable purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the placement agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to us).
On May 5, 2025, a reverse stock split of our outstanding shares of common stock took effect at a ratio of one-for-twelve (the “Reverse Stock Split”), which was approved by our board of directors (the “Board”) and majority stockholders, and consummated pursuant to a Certificate of Amendment filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 2, 2025. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the total number of shares of capital stock, including our Common Stock, that we are authorized to issue, which remain as set forth pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Unless the context expressly dictates otherwise, all references to share and per share amounts referred to in this prospectus give effect to the Reverse Stock Split.
INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ AND CONSIDER THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES DESCRIBED UNDER THE HEADING “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 17 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND UNDER SIMILAR HEADINGS IN ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THIS PROSPECTUS, INCLUDING OUR MOST RECENT ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN ANY DOCUMENTS THAT ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS PROSPECTUS.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We have engaged A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners as our exclusive placement agent (“A.G.P.” or the “Placement Agent”) to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase our securities in this offering. The Placement Agent has no obligation to purchase any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering the actual public offering amount, Placement Agent’s fee, and proceeds to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum offering amounts set forth above and throughout this prospectus. We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent the Placement Agent fees set forth in the table below and to provide certain other compensation to the Placement Agent. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 37 of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements.
| Per Share | Per Pre-Funded Warrant | Total | ||||||||||
| Public offering price | $ | |||||||||||
| Placement Agent fees (1) | $ | |||||||||||
| Proceeds to us, before expenses (2) | $ | |||||||||||
(1) We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement commission equal to 7.0% of the aggregate proceeds from this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent for certain expenses incurred in connection with this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 37 for additional information regarding the compensation to be paid to the Placement Agent.
(2) The above summary of offering proceeds does not give effect to any proceeds from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants being issued in this offering.
Delivery of the shares of Common Stock and Pre-Funded Warrants is expected to be made on or about , 2025, subject to customary closing conditions.
Sole Placement Agent
A.G.P.
The date of this prospectus is , 2025.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to register the offering and sale of securities offered hereby under the Securities Act. We may also file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part that may contain material information relating to this offering. The prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information incorporated by reference into this prospectus and described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.” You may obtain the information incorporated by reference without charge by following the instructions under “Where You Can Find More Information.” You should carefully read this prospectus as well as additional information described under “Information Incorporated by Reference,” before deciding to invest in our securities.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, and incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not, and the Placement Agent has not, authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We take no responsibility for and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to offer and sell our securities. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. We are not, and the Placement Agent is not, making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.
For investors outside the United States: we have not, and the Placement Agent has not, done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
For purposes of this prospectus, unless the context indicates otherwise, references to “SBET,” “SharpLink Gaming,” “SharpLink,” “SharpLink US,” “our Company,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to SharpLink Gaming, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. References to “SharpLink Israel” refer to SharpLink Gaming, Ltd., an Israel limited liability company, with which SharpLink US completed a domestication merger in February 2024.
We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, as supplemented and amended, before deciding whether to invest in any of the securities being offered.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus, if applicable, including the documents we incorporate by reference herein and therein, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations and intentions, which are subject to change at any time at our discretion. Forward-looking statements include our assessment, from time to time of our competitive position, the industry environment, potential growth opportunities, the effects of regulation and events outside of our control, such as natural disasters, wars or health epidemics. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “hopes,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are merely predictions and therefore inherently subject to uncertainties and other factors which could cause the actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statement. These uncertainties and other factors include, among other things:
| ● | our ability to remain a market innovator, to create new market opportunities, and/or to expand into new markets; |
| ● | the potential need for changes in our long-term strategy in response to future developments; |
| ● | unexpected technical and market difficulties inherent in major research and product development efforts; |
| ● | our ability to attract and retain skilled employees; |
| ● | our ability to raise sufficient capital to support our operations and fund our growth initiatives; |
| ● | unexpected changes in significant operating expenses; |
| ● | changes in the supply, demand and/or prices for our products and services; |
| ● | increased competition, including from companies which may have substantially greater resources than we have; |
| ● | the impact of potential security and cyber threats or the risk of unauthorized access to our, our customers’ and/or our business partners’ information and systems; |
| ● | changes in the regulatory environment and the consequences to our financial position, business and reputation that could result from failing to comply with such regulatory requirements; |
| ● | our ability to continue to successfully integrate acquired companies into our operations; |
| ● | varying attitudes towards sports and online casino games and poker (“iGaming”) data providers, betting and use of cryptocurrencies in online gaming by foreign governments; |
| ● | our ability to respond and adapt to unexpected legal, regulatory and government budgetary changes, and other business restrictions affecting our ability to market our products and services; |
| ● | failure to develop or integrate new technology into current products and services; |
| ● | unfavorable results in legal proceedings to which we may be subject; |
| ● | failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; and |
| ● | general economic and business conditions in the United States and elsewhere in the world, including the impact of inflation. |
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The following summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. It does not contain all the information that may be important to you and your investment decision. You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the matters set forth under “Risk Factors” and the financial statements and related notes and other information that we incorporate by reference herein, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our other reports filed from time to time with the SEC.
Overview
Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, SharpLink Gaming is an online performance-based marketing company that leverages our unique fan activation solutions to generate and deliver high quality leads to our U.S. sportsbook and global casino gaming partners. In early 2025 following a near year-long due diligence process, we began implementing an expansion strategy focused on identifying and pursuing complementary growth opportunities within the global crypto gaming market – a fast emerging segment of the iGaming industry being fueled by the integration of blockchain technologies and gaming experiences; and, in turn, giving rise to new online gaming economies in the process.
By leveraging blockchain technologies, SharpLink aims to tap into the rapidly evolving landscape of online gaming economies, capitalizing on the increasing integration of cryptocurrencies within the iGaming sector. For example, by developing partnerships with crypto-focused gaming platforms, SharpLink can enhance its lead generation capabilities while offering innovative marketing solutions that cater to a tech-savvy audience. This strategic move is expected to not only diversify SharpLink’s service offerings but also position the Company as a key player in the intersection of gaming and blockchain technology, ultimately driving sustainable growth and enhancing value for our business partners and stockholders.
Affiliate Marketing Services
On December 31, 2021, in a cash and stock transaction, SharpLink acquired certain assets of FourCubed, including FourCubed’s online casino gaming-focused affiliate marketing network, known as PAS.net (“PAS”). For more than 17 years, PAS has focused on delivering quality traffic and player acquisitions, retention and conversions to regulated and global casino gaming operator partners worldwide. In fact, PAS won industry recognition as the European online gambling industry’s Top Affiliate Manager, Top Affiliate Website and Top Affiliate Program for four consecutive years by both igambingbusiness.com and igamingaffiliate.com. The strategic acquisition of FourCubed brought SharpLink talent with proven experience in affiliate marketing services and recurring net gaming revenue (“NGR”) contracts with many of the world’s leading online casino gambling companies, including Party Poker, bwin, UNIBET, GG Poker, 888 poker, betfair, WPT Global and others.
As part of our strategy to expand our affiliate marketing services to the emerging American sports betting market, in November 2022, we began a systematic roll-out of our U.S.-focused performance-based marketing business with the launch of 15 state-specific, content-rich affiliate marketing websites. Our user-friendly, state-specific domains are designed to attract, acquire and drive local sports betting and casino traffic directly to our sportsbook and casino partners’ which are licensed to operate in each respective state. As of March 15, 2025, we are licensed to operate in 18 jurisdictions and own and operate sites serving 17 U.S. states (Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and Wyoming). As more states legalize sports betting, our portfolio of state-specific affiliate marketing properties may expand to include them. We largely utilize search engine optimization and programmatic advertising campaigns to drive traffic to our direct-to-player (“D2P”) sites.
In the first quarter of 2023, we unveiled SharpBetting.com, a U.S. sports betting education hub for experienced and novice sports fans. SharpBetting.com is a robust educational website dedicated to teaching new sports betting enthusiasts the fundamentals of, and winning strategies for, navigating the legal sports betting landscape responsibly.
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Expansion Into Crypto Gaming
Beginning in early 2024 following the redomestication of our Company from Israel to Delaware, SharpLink’s management team and SharpLink’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) launched an effort to identify the best growth opportunities that would allow us to strategically leverage our existing performance-based marketing platform and industry relationships to achieve deeper and more lucrative penetration into the digital gaming and sports betting markets. Throughout this process, we carefully evaluated more than two dozen compelling opportunities and determined that the combination of market expansion, cost efficiency, security and player demand make crypto gaming one of the most promising growth opportunities in the iGaming industry today. Consequently, on February 24, 2025, we announced that we acquired a 10% equity stake in U.K.-based Armchair Enterprises Limited (“Armchair”), which owns and operates CryptoCasino.com. The acquisition was made for $500,000 in cash, along with a right of first refusal to acquire a controlling interest in Armchair.
Launched in October 2024, CryptoCasino.com is an innovative online gaming platform that partners with some of the world’s leading gaming studios. It utilizes blockchain technology to provide users with a secure, transparent and engaging next-generation gaming experience. The platform plans to offer over 5,500 online slots and table games, a live dealer casino, a premium sportsbook, an eSports betting hub and a racebook, among other features. CryptoCasino.com accepts a wide range of cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and more, catering to various user preferences globally while ensuring enhanced security, transparency and anonymity for players. CryptoCasino.com offers both traditional registration and Web3 connectivity. By connecting instantly with wallets like MetaMask and Trust Wallet, players can easily deposit and withdraw funds within seconds. In addition, CryptoCasino.com serves over one billion unique Telegram users by providing a Telegram Casino integration, which allows anyone to join and start playing with just one click.
Among the key factors that informed our decision to pursue growth opportunities in crypto gaming were:
| ● | The crypto gaming industry is rapidly growing, with more players opting for blockchain-based casinos due to their transparency, security and quick transactions. We believe that the investment made in Armchair will help to position SharpLink as an early mover, ready to benefit from the expected industry expansion; |
| ● | Cryptocurrency transactions usually have lower fees and faster processing times compared to traditional payment methods, which benefits both the Company and our users; and |
| ● | As more players and operators move towards decentralized gambling, early pioneers, like SharpLink, may have an advantage to secure a competitive edge over traditional operators. |
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our continuing operations generated revenues from our affiliate marketing services of $3,662,349 and $4,952,725, respectively, representing a decrease of 26.1% on a comparative year-over-year basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, our continuing operations generated revenues from our affiliate marketing services which declined 24.0% to $741,731 from $975,946, respectively.
Discontinued Operations
SharpLink’s business-building platform previously included the provision of Free-To-Play (“F2P”) sports game and mobile app development services to a marquis list of customers, which included several of the biggest names in sports and sports betting, including Turner Sports, NBA, NFL, PGA TOUR, NASCAR and BetMGM, among others. In addition, we also formerly owned and operated a variety of proprietary real-money fantasy sports and sports simulation games and mobile apps through our SportsHub/fantasy sports business unit, which also owned and operated LeagueSafe, one of the fantasy sports industry’s most trusted sources for collecting and protecting private fantasy league dues.
On January 18, 2024, SharpLink sold all of the membership interests in our Sports Gaming Client Services and SportsHub Gaming Network business units to RSports Interactive, Inc. (“RSports”) for $22.5 million in an all-cash transaction (the “Sale of Business”), pursuant to the signing of a Purchase Agreement (the “PA”) and other related agreements. Nearly all of the employees of these acquired business units also moved to RSports to help ensure a seamless transaction.
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In December 2023, the Company discontinued investments into and operation of its C4 sports betting conversion technology (“C4”) due to the lack of market acceptance. C4 centered on cost effectively monetizing our own proprietary audiences and our customers’ audiences of U.S. fantasy sports and casual sports fans and casino gaming enthusiasts by converting them into loyal online sports and iGaming bettors.
Sale of Legacy MTS Business
On December 31, 2022, SharpLink Israel closed on the sale of its legacy MTS business (“Legacy MTS”) to Israel-based Entrypoint South Ltd., a subsidiary of Entrypoint Systems 2004 Ltd. In consideration of Entrypoint South Ltd. acquiring all rights, title, interests and benefits to Legacy MTS, including 100% of the shares of MTS Integratrak Inc., one of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries, Entrypoint South Ltd. will pay SharpLink an earn-out payment (an “Earn-Out Payment”) equal to three times Legacy MTS’ Earnings Before Interest, Taxes Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) for the year ending December 31, 2023, up to a maximum earn-out payment of $1 million (adjusted to reflect net working capital as of the closing date). Within ten (10) calendar days of the approval by the board of directors of the Buyer of the audited annual financial statements of the business as at December 31, 2023, and for the 12-month period ending on such date (as applicable, the “Earn-Out Schedule Delivery Date”), which shall occur no later than May 31, 2024, Buyer shall deliver to the Seller a schedule certified by its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (an “Earn-Out Schedule”) setting forth the computation of the Earn-Out Payment (as applicable), if any, together with the calculation thereof in an agreed Excel table format (including, but not limiting to all relevant details of the EBITDA calculations for the year 2023). In July 2024, SharpLink received an earnout payment of $297,387, thus completing the sale of its legacy MTS business.
Market Opportunity
Affiliate Marketing
Search for odds or lines on any given match-up, and the vast majority of search results will spring from affiliate marketing sites. Affiliates play a critical role in the online sports betting and casino gaming ecosystems, especially in newly regulated states in the United States.
The affiliate market has a long history of operating in tandem with sports betting, reaching back to much-more-mature markets like the United Kingdom and countries throughout Europe – or even beyond locally regulated online betting – and into the early annals of U.S. sports betting upon the 2018 repeal of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (“PASPA”). However, today, the value of a modern affiliate marketer far surpasses the number of first-time depositors they generate in a month. Rather, they also provide expert feedback, educate new players on betting responsibly and offer a low-risk marketing alternative to traditional advertising, as they are paid on performance.
Virtually every online gambling operator in the Unites States and in Europe utilizes affiliate marketing to get their brand in front of the most valuable customers — the high intent customers who are well-aware, well-informed and already interested players that generate more revenue. In fact, many of the end-users that browse an affiliate marketing website have already decided that they are going to open an account with a sportsbook or online poker room and wager online; however, they have not yet decided where they want to do that.
Due to technical tools and features like Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, digital marketing, analytics and the extended usage of cookies, the landscape of iGaming affiliate marketing has not just grown, it has transformed into a colossal global powerhouse, reshaping how millions engage with online gambling and online sports betting. In fact, according to Grand View Research industry analysts, the global iGaming market is projected to balloon to more than $153 billion by 2030, representing a compound annual growth rate of 11.9% from 2025 to 2030.
Crypto Gaming
The global crypto gaming market is expected to grow significantly, fueled by the increasing adoption of blockchain technology and the rising demand for decentralized gaming platforms. A report by Fortune Business Insights predicts that the online gambling market will reach $158.20 billion by 2028, with blockchain-based gaming experiencing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from 2021 to 2028. Particularly, crypto casinos are gaining popularity due to their enhanced security, privacy and transparency features. (Source: Fortune Business Insights, “Online Gambling Software Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Type (Sports Betting, Casinos, Poker, Lottery, Bingo, and Others), By Devices (Desktop, Mobile, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2021-2028”, 2021)
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Market research firm Global Industry Analysts Inc. (“GIA”) is even more bullish on crypto gaming, forecasting that the global market for blockchain gaming was estimated at $8.5 billion in 2023 and projected to reach $314.3 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 67.6% from 2023 to 2030. Like Fortune Business Insights, GIA believes that crypto gaming is emerging as a disruptive force within the broader gaming industry, offering players unprecedented control over in-game assets and transforming the traditional gaming experience into one that is decentralized and player-centric. (Source: Global Industry Analysts, Inc., “Blockchain Gaming – Global Strategic Business Report, May 2025)
Industry insiders are also forecasting that cryptocurrency integration in iGaming affiliate marketing will become increasingly prominent in 2025 and help to shape the future of affiliate marketing. While still in its infancy, the fusion of these two innovative industries is expected to revolutionize the way players engage with online casinos and how affiliates promote qualified traffic to them.
Investments in Crypto Gaming Gaining Momentum
Estimates indicate that tens of billions of dollars have been flowing into the intersection of cryptocurrency and gaming over the past five years. Some notable investors include private equity firm Andreessen Horowitz (“AH”), which announced in 2021 its $2.2 billion fund focused on crypto and blockchain technologies, with a portion allocated to gaming and virtual experiences. In 2022 AH announced it raised more than $4.5 billion for investments across various blockchain initiatives, with a significant amount directed towards gaming companies that include crypto gaming platforms. In April 2024, Pantera Capital announced that it was looking to raise an additional $1 billion for a new fund that offers investors exposure to a full spectrum of blockchain-based assets, including crypto casinos. It was also recently reported that venture capital firm Paradigm is currently negotiating a raise of up to $850 million for a new cryptocurrency fund.
Recently, BlackRock, the largest asset management firm globally with over $10 trillion in assets under management, has shown a growing interest in digital assets. With its ventures spanning BlackRock cryptocurrency funds, BlackRock Bitcoin ETF and BlackRock blockchain technology, the firm has seemingly embraced cryptocurrency as an integral part of its diversified portfolio. For many, BlackRock’s foray into the world of cryptocurrencies signals a turning point for institutional investor adoption.
Competition
A number of businesses exist in the market which is providing performance marketing solutions to the sports betting and casino gaming industries. These businesses generally fall into three categories: small companies with some similar products but with minimal distribution; companies that acknowledge official rights but lack meaningful scale; and genuine competitors that offer similar products and services to the same target clients. SharpLink considers its most direct and relevant competitors in this space to be Gambling.com, Catena Media and Better Collective.
The specific industries in which we operate are characterized by dynamic customer demand and technological advances, and there is significant competition among sports betting and casino gaming affiliate marketers. A number of established, well-financed companies producing online gaming and/or sports betting fan activation solutions compete with our service offerings, and other well-capitalized companies may introduce competitive services. There has also been consolidation among competitors in the sports betting and casino gaming industries and such consolidation and future consolidation could result in the formation of larger competitors with increased financial resources and altered cost structures, which may enable them to offer more competitive products and services, gain a larger market share, expand their product and service offerings and broaden their geographic scope of operations.
When considering the Company’s longer term expansion plans into crypto gaming, an industry which is still in its nascent phase, we believe that our largest competitors in the crypto gaming space include Medium Rare, N.V., the owner and operator of Stake, an Australian-Curacaoan online casino that has grown to become the 7th largest gambling company in the world since its founding in 2017; Costa Rica-based Star Brights Media S.R.L., which owns and operates BetPanda.io, a leading crypto casino and sportsbook serving offshore gamers; and Igloo Ventures SRL, which owns Lucky Block Crypto Casino, a popular crypto casino and sportsbook licensed by the Curacao eGaming Authority.
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Before crypto gambling, online casinos faced several challenges, including privacy concerns from players and gambling transactions being flagged by banks. Bitcoin’s decentralized nature enabled users to gamble anonymously, as transactions recorded on the blockchain only revealed wallet addresses. This privacy, combined with lower transaction fees, quickly made Bitcoin and other cryptos appealing to gamblers.
The first foray into crypto gaming came in 2012 when SatoshiDice was launched. This platform popularized Bitcoin transactions in online gambling and introduced “provably fair” tech, which uses cryptographic algorithms to ensure game fairness. The first crypto casinos, including bitZino, SealsWithClubs, and Bit777, were launched soon after, offering anonymity and security not associated with fiat-based platforms. Crypto casinos quickly spread across the world, and technological innovations meant that these platforms could soon be accessed from mobile devices. They allowed players to play all their favorite games, like slots, blackjack and poker, on a mobile device. This convenience was further enhanced by allowing players to deposit and withdraw using various cryptocurrencies. Despite initial skepticism and a lack of regulation exposing players to risky sites, the crypto casino sector has evolved significantly. Today with dozens of crypto casinos operating worldwide, gaming consumers are choosing crypto casinos for their transparency, security and innovative features.
We expect that as U.S. and foreign regulations evolve to include crypto casinos and as technology continues to evolve, crypto casinos are likely to become a weighty component of the global iGaming industry. SharpLink believes that continued innovation and integration of new technologies will further enhance the appeal and functionality of these platforms, encouraging more consumers and operators to embrace cryptocurrencies, thus driving potential exponential growth of the crypto gaming market.
Currently, to our knowledge, there are no crypto gaming companies which are publicly listed on any U.S. national exchange, which could represent a unique opportunity for Nasdaq-listed SharpLink to further distinguish our competitive differentiation from privately-held companies that are either currently operating in the sector or newcomers to the industry.
Our Competitive Strengths
SharpLink believes that the principal differentiating factors that currently set us apart from our competition include our market-centric portfolio of fan activation solutions, comprised of our proprietary affiliate marketing network, owned and operated U.S. state-specific D2P web properties, long-standing relationships with sportsbooks and casino gaming operators, ease of integration with our operating partners and scalability of our growth platform. SharpLink’s products, services, experience, industry relationships and corporate culture allow it to compete effectively across all these factors.
Key Growth Strategies
| ● | Fully leveraging our performance-based marketing experience and expertise to support smart expansion of our business. Through the January 2024 Sale of Business of our Sports Gaming Client Services and SportsHub Gaming Network businesses, SharpLink emerged as a pure-play performance marketing company with a solid balance sheet, cash, no interest-bearing debt, significantly reduced operating expenses and a core team of affiliate marketing experts – all with an innate entrepreneurial mindset and a shared commitment to growth, cost discipline and long-term value creation. | |
| ● | Effectively managing our growth portfolio for long-term value creation. Our production and development programs present numerous investment opportunities that we believe will deliver long-term growth by providing our partners with valuable new customer acquisition capabilities made possible through our proprietary performance marketing solutions. We evaluate each opportunity independently, as well as within the context of other investment opportunities, to determine relative cost, timing and potential for generation of returns, and thereby its priority. This process helps us to make informed decisions regarding potential growth capital requirements and supports our allocation of resources based on relative risks and returns to maximize long-term value creation, which is the key objective of our growth strategy. We also review our portfolio on a regular basis to determine if and when to narrow our focus on the highest potential growth opportunities. |
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| ● | Fostering our entrepreneurial culture and continuing to attract, develop and retain highly skilled personnel. Our Company’s culture encourages innovation and entrepreneurialism, which helps to attract and retain highly skilled professionals. We intend to preserve this culture to nurture the design and development of innovative performance marketing solutions that help to distinguish us in the markets we serve.
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| ● | Evaluating strategic alternatives and expansion initiatives. On July 18, 2024, we announced that our Board of Directors had initiated a formal review process to evaluate strategic alternatives for SharpLink. Throughout this process, we carefully evaluated more than two dozen compelling opportunities and determined that the combination of market expansion, cost efficiency, security and player demand make crypto gaming one of the most promising growth opportunities in the online gaming industry today. Furthermore, we believe that the steps we have already taken – and will continue to take – to execute a well-defined expansion plan centered on the exponential growth of crypto gaming, positions SharpLink to become a future leader in this rapidly growing space. In addition, our leadership team and Board of Directors has determined that, given the strong growth and increasing market acceptance of crypto currencies and blockchain technologies, in general, the Company has begun evaluating strategic opportunities to implement a crypto treasury strategy to further complement its business-building initiatives. | |
| ● | Aiming to deliver strong, positive cash flow and sustainable long-term value for our stockholders. Through organic and acquisitive transactions, SharpLink will actively seek out opportunities to best leverage our existing performance-based marketing platform and industry relationships to achieve deeper and more lucrative penetration into the digital gaming, sports betting and crypto gaming markets. |
Government Regulation
We operate in various jurisdictions, and our business is subject to extensive regulation under the laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Violations of laws or regulations in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in that and other jurisdictions.
We are currently licensed or authorized to provide affiliate marketing services to sports betting and online casino gaming operators in 17 U.S. states. State gaming authorities may, subject to certain administrative procedural requirements, (i) deny an application, or limit, condition, revoke or suspend any license issued by them; (ii) impose fines, either on a mandatory basis or as a consensual settlement of regulatory action; (iii) demand that named individuals or stockholders be disassociated from a gaming business; and (iv) in serious cases, liaise with local prosecutors to pursue legal action, which may result in civil or criminal penalties.
Among others, applicable laws include those regulating privacy, data/cyber security, data collection and use, cross-border data transfers, advertising regulations and/or sports betting and online gaming laws and regulations. These laws impact, among other things, data collection, usage, storage, security and breach, dissemination (including transfer to third parties and cross-border), retention and destruction. Certain of these laws provide for civil and criminal penalties for violations.
The data privacy and collection laws and regulations that affect SharpLink’s affiliate marketing business include, but are not limited to:
| ● | U.S. federal, state and local data protections laws such as the Federal Trade Commission Act and similar state laws; | |
| ● | state data breach laws and state privacy laws, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, the California Consumer Privacy Rights Act, and the Stop Hacks and Improve Electronic Data Security Act of New York; and | |
| ● | other data protection, data localization and state laws impacting data privacy and collection. |
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Other regulations that affect SharpLink’s business include:
| ● | U.S. state laws regulating sports betting and online gaming and related licensing requirements; | |
| ● | laws regulating the advertising and marketing of sports betting, including but not limited to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission Act; | |
| ● | laws and regulations relating to antitrust, competition, anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions, intellectual property, consumer protection, accessibility claims, securities, tax, labor and employment, commercial disputes, services and other matters; and | |
| ● | other international, domestic federal and state laws impacting marketing and advertising, including but not limited to laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, state telemarketing laws and regulations, and state unfair or deceptive practices acts. |
Governmental Shifts in Attitude Toward Cryptocurrencies
In a historic move made the first week of March 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order establishing a U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, marking a decisive shift in the U.S. government’s stance on cryptocurrencies – a 180 degree turn that positions the U.S. at the center of the digital asset innovation. Many believe that this executive order not only underscores the growing importance of Bitcoin in the global financial system as a true contender to other asset classes but also signals a profound change in how the U.S. government perceives crypto tokens and the decentralized financial system. To help the administration take another step towards overhauling U.S. policy on cryptocurrencies, President Trump appointed former PayPal Chief Operating Officer David Sacks as the “White House A.I. & Crypto Czar.” In this role, Sacks will “work on a legal framework so the crypto industry has the clarity it has been asking for, and can thrive in the U.S.,” noted the President in a post on his social media site Truth Social.
At the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), newly appointed Chairman Paul Atkins spoke at a roundtable in April 2025 hosted by the SEC’s newly formed Crypto Task Force which was launched in January 2025. The Crypto Task Force is attempting to set the tone for a new era of crypto regulation, one that seeks to change the approach from adversarial to collaborative. On April 25, 2025, CNBC reported that Chairman Atkins told reporters on the sidelines of the session that he was open to a broad reassessment of crypto-related rules.
In the European Union (“EU”), governmental bodies passed the Markets in Crypto-Assets Act (“MiCA”) in the fourth quarter of 2024 and its Digital Operations Resilience Act (DORA) took effect in January 2025, collectively representing the potential for a uniquely secure and transparent crypto environment in the EU. The MiCA regulation was created to protect investors and preserve financial stability, while fostering innovation and promoting the attractiveness of the crypto-asset sector. In parallel to MiCA, principles for crypto cybersecurity have been introduced in DORA. This regulation sets out a new EU framework for managing information and communication technology (“ICT”) risks in the financial sector. The new rules impose a number of obligations on all financial institutions and their critical third-party ICT services providers. Creating a level playing field by making crypto service providers play by the same rules and regulations is expected to foster a much healthier competitive environment. Regulation also enhances trust and confidence for consumers and investors, encouraging more organizations to enter the market and giving crypto users more choices and better gaming experiences.
Legal Landscape for Crypto Gaming
Online casino gambling is a complicated and dynamic industry that presents significant challenges to players, operators and regulators. This birthed the introduction of cryptocurrency into the casino landscape, which gained popularity across several nations and presented gambling platforms with promising potential to attract new players. It is important to note that casino regulations vary from country to country, but in general, casinos are legally permitted based on the jurisdiction and legal regulations of a specific country. Before the introduction of crypto in casinos, traditional payment methods dominated the entire scene, but as the industry has evolved, there was a need for safer financial methods that would not be susceptible to attacks perpetrated by scammers. This shift led to the emergence of crypto casinos.
However, many countries regulate traditional online casinos but lack specific rules for crypto gaming. For example, while Malta is known for its crypto-friendly approach, the Malta Gaming Authority (“MGA”) has yet to broadly approve crypto casinos. This means that although cryptocurrency is accepted in Malta, MGA-licensed casinos don’t typically operate with digital currencies. Most licensed crypto casinos operate under jurisdictions with lighter regulatory frameworks, such as Curacao, Panama, and Costa Rica. These licenses offer some credibility, though they may not provide the stringent protections associated with top regulators. In the crypto world, however, a Curacao license is often viewed as a reliable standard, balancing accessibility with oversight.
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Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) and Know Your Customer (“KYC”) rules are integral to the operations of crypto casinos. These regulations ensure secure transactions and transparency while curbing illegal activities by requiring casinos to verify player identities and monitor financial dealings. By following AML and KYC laws, crypto casino operators foster trust and security, protecting themselves and players from risks like fraud or money laundering. This makes these rules a cornerstone of the regulatory framework for crypto casinos.
For more detailed information regarding government regulations that has historically affected or may affect our business in the foreseeable future, please refer to the section labeled “Risk Factors.”
Compliance
SharpLink has implemented (and is committed to continually refining and enhancing) a holistic internal compliance program to help ensure that we remain in full compliance with state, federal and international regulatory licensing requirements imposed on us in connection with our business operations. Compliance is an important cornerstone of our growth strategy, and we are committed to building our business and our reputation by adhering to the highest compliance standards.
Intellectual Property
Intellectual property rights are important to the success of SharpLink’s business. SharpLink relies on a combination of database, trademark, trade secret, confidentiality and other intellectual property protection laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties and other contractual protections, to protect its intellectual property rights, including its databases, know-how and brand. In the United States, SharpLink currently hold several domain names and, in the future, it may acquire patents, additional trademarks and domain names. As of May 2025, SharpLink owns 177 domain name registrations.
It has not always been, and in the future may not be, possible or commercially desirable to obtain registered protection for SharpLink’s products, software, databases or other technology. In such situations, SharpLink relies on laws governing protection of unregistered intellectual property rights, confidentiality and/or contractual exclusivity of and to underlying data and technology to prevent unauthorized use by third parties. SharpLink uses Open Source Software in its services and periodically reviews its use of Open Source Software to attempt to avoid subjecting its services and product offerings to conditions SharpLink does not intend to impose on them.
SharpLink controls access to and use of its data, databases and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, including contractual protections with employees, contractors, clients and partners. SharpLink requires its employees, consultants and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements, and it controls and monitors access to its data, database, software, documentation, proprietary technology and other confidential information. SharpLink’s policy is to require all of its employees and independent contractors to sign agreements assigning to it any inventions, trade secrets, works of authorship, developments, processes and other intellectual property generated by them on its behalf and under which they agree to protect its confidential information. In addition, SharpLink generally enters into confidentiality agreements with its business partners.
Human Capital Resources
As of May 19, 2025, we employed a total of five full-time employees. With the Business Sale of SportsHub Games Network and our sports games development businesses to RSports in January 2024, forty-six (46) of our former employees moved over to RSports in connection with the Business Sale.
We acknowledge that our employees are our most valued asset and the driving force behind our success. For this reason, we aspire to be an employer that is known for cultivating a positive and welcoming work environment and one that fosters growth, provides a safe place to work, supports diversity and embraces inclusion. To support these objectives, our human resources programs are designed to develop talent to prepare them for critical roles and leadership positions for the future; reward and support employees through competitive pay, benefit and perquisite programs; enhance our culture through efforts aimed at making the workplace more engaging and inclusive; acquire talent and facilitate internal talent mobility to create a high performing, diverse workforce; engage employees as brand ambassadors of our products; and evolve and invest in technology, tools and resources to enable employees at work.
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Properties
At the beginning of 2024, the Company leased certain office space at 333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401 under a long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreement. The contract provided the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the office space and the right to direct the use of the office space. The agreement also required the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance and repairs during the lease. Following the consummation of the Sale of Business in January 2024, the Company is required to pay RSports a monthly amount for shared lease space at the same address at $1,000 per month. This lease is on a month-to-month basis and can be terminated upon notice to RSports prior to the next monthly payment. The Company terminated this lease arrangement on December 31, 2024.
Recent Developments
Reverse Stock Split
On November 5, 2024, SharpLink Gaming, Inc.’s Board of Directors unanimously adopted resolutions approving, declaring advisable and recommending to the stockholders for their approval a proposal to authorize the Board of Directors, in its discretion, to amend our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding Common Stock at a ratio of up to and including 6:1, such ratio to be determined by the Board of Directors, including any increase in our authorized capital required in the event a fractional share will be created as a result of the reverse stock split. On December 23, 2024 at SharpLink’s Annual General Meeting of Stockholders, stockholders approved the reverse stock split, granting the Board of Directors the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to carry out such action, with the exact exchange ratio and timing to be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The primary purpose for effecting the reverse stock split, should the Board of Directors choose to effect one, would be to increase the per share price of SharpLink’s Common Stock to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement for continued listing set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”).
On March 19, 2025, our Board of Directors unanimously adopted resolutions approving, declaring advisable and recommending to the stockholders for their approval a proposal to authorize the Board of Directors, in its discretion, to increase the ratio of the previously stockholder-approved reverse stock split from one-for-six to one-for-12, with such ratio to be determined by the Board of Directors, including any increase in our authorized capital required in the event a fractional share will be created as a result of the reverse stock split. The stockholders approved the proposal to increase the ratio of the reverse stock split to one-for-12 at the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 23, 2025.
On April 23, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors determined to implement a reverse stock split of all of the Company’s share capital, including its Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a ratio of one (new) for 12 (old) that went effective at 5:00 PM ET on May 5, 2025 (“Effective Date”). On the Effective Date, SharpLink’s shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding were reduced from 7,916,206 to approximately 659,684 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, but fractions were rounded up or down to the nearest whole share (with half shares rounded down).
SharpLink’s shares of Common Stock commenced trading on a split-adjusted basis when the Nasdaq opened on May 6, 2025, and will continue to trade under its existing symbol “SBET.” The new CUSIP number for the Common Stock following the Reverse Stock Split is 820014405.
The Reverse Stock Split affected all issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock and securities convertible into Common Stock. All outstanding options, restricted stock awards, warrants and other securities entitling their holders to purchase or otherwise receive shares of Common Stock have been adjusted as a result of the Reverse Stock Split by decreasing the number of shares acquirable pursuant to the ratio of one-for-12 and increasing the exercise or conversion price, as applicable, by the same ratio, as required by the terms of such security. The number of shares of Common Stock available to be awarded under the Company’s equity incentive plans were also proportionately adjusted.
Exchange of Series A-1 Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock for Common Stock and Prefunded Warrants
On April 2, 2025, SharpLink entered into an exchange agreement (“Exchange Agreement”) with Alpha Capital Anstalt (“Alpha”), whereby, pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement and in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), 600 shares of the Company’s Series A-1 Preferred Stock and 1,040 shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Existing Securities”) held by Alpha were exchanged for 38,683 shares of SharpLink’s common stock (“Common Stock”) and 44,650 prefunded warrants to purchase shares of SharpLink’s common stock (“Alpha Prefunded Warrants”) at an exercise price of $0.012. With the exchange of Alpha’s Existing Securities for Common Stock and Alpha Prefunded Warrants, SharpLink no longer has any Series A-1 Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.
Acquisition of 10% Equity Stake in Armchair Enterprises
On February 24, 2025, SharpLink entered into a subscription agreement with U.K.-based Armchair, which owns and operates CryptoCasino.com. The acquisition of a 10% equity stake in Armchair was made for $500,000 in cash, along with a right of first refusal to acquire a controlling interest in Armchair.
Launched in October 2024, CryptoCasino.com is an innovative online gaming platform that partners with some of the world’s leading gaming studios. It utilizes blockchain technology to provide users with a secure, transparent and engaging next-generation gaming experience. The platform plans to offer over 5,500 online slots and table games, a live dealer casino, a premium sportsbook, an eSports betting hub and a racebook, among other features. CryptoCasino.com accepts a wide range of cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and more, catering to various user preferences globally while ensuring enhanced security, transparency and anonymity for players. In addition, CryptoCasino.com offers both traditional registration and Web3 connectivity. By connecting instantly with wallets like MetaMask and Trust Wallet, players can easily deposit and withdraw funds within seconds. In addition, CryptoCasino.com serves over one billion unique Telegram users by providing a Telegram Casino integration, which allows anyone to join and start playing with just one click.
Nasdaq Notice and Hearing
As previously reported on Form 10-K filed by the Company on March 14, 2025 and 10-K/A filed by the Company on March 17, 2025, the Company received a letter on July 11, 2024 from Nasdaq notifying it that, because the closing bid price for its common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive trading days, it was not compliant with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), or the Minimum Bid Price Requirement (the “Bid Price Deficiency Notice”). In accordance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5810 (c)(3)(A), the Company had a period of 180 calendar days, or until January 7, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Further, as previously reported on our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2024, the Nasdaq Staff notified the Company that it did not comply with the $2.5 million minimum stockholders’ equity requirement, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the “Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement”). The Company had 45 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance or until January 6, 2025.
The Company had a hearing with the Nasdaq Hearing Panel (the “Panel”) on February 25, 2025. The Company’s Common Stock will remain listed and eligible for trading on Nasdaq pending the conclusion of the hearing process. SharpLink has worked to evidence compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and Minimum Stockholder’s Equity Requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market and submitted a plan to that effect to the Panel as part of the hearing process on February 25, 2025.
On March 21, 2025, SharpLink received notice (the “Notice”) from the Panel stating that it has granted the Company’s request for additional time to achieve compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing rules and demonstrate long-term compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. Specifically, the Panel has agreed to provide the Company until May 23, 2025 to regain compliance with both the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement.
We must satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, including, among other things, the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement, or risk delisting, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, it could materially reduce the liquidity of our common stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities. If our common stock is delisted, it could be more difficult to buy or sell our common stock or to obtain accurate quotations, and the price of our common stock could suffer a material decline. Delisting could also impair our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, if at all.
The Company is currently attempting to raise equity in this public offering in order to achieve compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. We may not be able to comply with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement even this offering due to our cash burn rate, operating expenses, and payment obligations. As a result, we may be required to raise additional funds after this offering in order to achieve compliance.
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Corporate History and Transactions
Go-Public Merger with Mer Telemanagement Solutions Ltd.
Formerly known as Mer Telemanagement Solutions Ltd. (“MTS”), the Company was incorporated as a public limited liability company under the laws of the State of Israel in December 1995. In July 2021, MTS completed a merger between New SL Acquisition Corp., its wholly owned subsidiary, and SharpLink, Inc. (the “MTS Merger”). In the MTS Merger, SharpLink, Inc. was treated as the acquirer for accounting purposes because, among other reasons, its pre-merger shareholders held a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company immediately following the merger. After the merger, the Company changed its name from Mer Telemanagement Solutions Ltd. to SharpLink Gaming Ltd. and its Nasdaq ticker symbol from MTSL to SBET.
FourCubed Acquisition
On December 31, 2021, in a combination cash and stock transaction, we acquired certain assets of 6t4 Company, a Minnesota corporation, and FourCubed Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (collectively “FourCubed”), including FourCubed’s iGaming and affiliate marketing network, known as PAS.net. For more than 17 years, FourCubed has provided its global iGaming operating partners with affiliate marketing services. The strategic acquisition of FourCubed brought SharpLink an industry respected operating team with decades of combined experience in conversion through affiliate marketing services and in securing highly profitable, recurring net gaming revenue contracts with many of the world’s leading iGaming companies, including Party Poker, bwin, UNIBET, GG Poker, 888 poker, betfair, WPT Global and others. Originally established in 2005, FourCubed’s international iGaming affiliate network, Poker Affiliate Solutions (“PAS”), is currently comprised of over 12,400 sub-affiliates and has delivered over 2.5 million referred players since it was launched in 2008 at www.pas.net.
Merger with SportsHub Games Network Inc. (the “SportsHub Merger”)
SharpLink Israel, SHGN Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of SharpLink Israel (“Merger Subsidiary”), SportsHub Games Network Inc. (“SportsHub”) and Christian Peterson, an individual acting as the SportsHub stockholders’ representative entered into a Merger Agreement on September 7, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement, as amended, contained the terms and conditions of the proposed business combination of SharpLink Israel and SportsHub. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, as amended, on December 22, 2022, SportsHub merged with and into Merger Subsidiary with Merger Subsidiary surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of SharpLink Israel. In association with the transaction, SharpLink Israel issued, in the aggregate, 35,994 ordinary shares to common and preferred stockholders of SportsHub, on a fully diluted basis. An additional aggregate of 3,382 ordinary shares were held in escrow for SportsHub stockholders who had not yet provided the applicable documentation required in connection with the SportsHub Merger, as well as shares held in escrow for indemnifiable losses and for the reimbursement of expenses incurred by the stockholder representative in performing his duties pursuant to the Merger Agreement. On December 28, 2023, the escrow shares were disbursed to the SportsHub stockholders in accordance with the Merger Agreement.
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Sale of Legacy MTS Business
On December 31, 2022, SharpLink Israel closed on the sale of its legacy MTS business (“Legacy MTS”) to Israel-based Entrypoint South Ltd., a subsidiary of Entrypoint Systems 2004 Ltd. In consideration of Entrypoint South Ltd. acquiring all rights, title, interests and benefits to Legacy MTS, including 100% of the shares of MTS Integratrak Inc., one of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries, Entrypoint South Ltd. will pay SharpLink an earn-out payment (an “Earn-Out Payment”) equal to three times Legacy MTS’ Earnings Before Interest, Taxes Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) for the year ending December 31, 2023, up to a maximum earn-out payment of $1 million (adjusted to reflect net working capital as of the closing date). Within ten (10) calendar days of the approval by the board of directors of the Buyer of the audited annual financial statements of the Business as at December 31, 2023, and for the 12-month period ending on such date (as applicable, the “Earn-Out Schedule Delivery Date”), which shall occur no later than May 31, 2024, Buyer shall deliver to the Seller a schedule certified by its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (an “Earn-Out Schedule”) setting forth the computation of the Earn-Out Payment (as applicable), if any, together with the calculation thereof in an agreed Excel table format (including, but not limiting to all relevant details of the EBITDA calculations for the year 2023). In July 2024, SharpLink received an earnout payment of $297,387.
Change from Foreign Private Issuer to Domestic Issuer
Prior to January 1, 2023, SharpLink Israel qualified as a foreign private issuer. There are two tests to determine whether a foreign company qualifies as a foreign private issuer: the U.S. shareholder test and U.S. business contacts test. Under the U.S. shareholder test, a foreign company will qualify as a foreign private issuer if 50% or less of its outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents. If a foreign company fails this shareholder test, it will still be considered a foreign private issuer unless it fails any one part of the U.S. business contacts test. The U.S. business contacts test includes the following three parts: 1) the majority of the company’s executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents; 2) more than 50% of the issuer’s assets are located in the United States; or 3) the issuer’s business is administered principally in the United States. Because we failed these tests, we ceased being a foreign private issuer and effective January 1, 2023, we began complying with the reporting requirements under the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act, applicable to U.S. domestic companies.
Change in Share Capital
On October 24, 2023, SharpLink Israel held an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders (the “Meeting”) at which shareholders approved the adoption of an amendment to SharpLink Israel’s amended and restated articles of association to increase authorized share capital of SharpLink Israel from 9,290,000 ordinary shares, nominal value NIS 0.60 per share, to 100,000,000 ordinary shares, nominal value NIS 0.60 per share, and a corresponding amendment to SharpLink Israel’s memorandum of association.
Sale of Sports Gaming Client Services and SportsHub Gaming Network Operating Segments
On January 18, 2024, SharpLink Israel (“Parent Seller”) and SLG1 Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of SharpLink (“Subsidiary Seller”), SHGN Acquisition Corp. (“SHGN”) and together with Parent Seller and Subsidiary Seller, the (“Seller”), a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of SharpLink, entered into the PA with RSports Interactive, Inc., a Minnesota corporation (“Buyer”). The Subsidiary Seller owned all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Sports Technologies, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company, SHGN and Holdings Quinn, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (collectively referred to as the “Targets”). The PA contemplated the sale of the Company’s Sports Gaming Client Services and SportsHub Gaming Network business units to the Buyer, by selling all membership interests of the Targets and the Acquired Subsidiaries for $22,500,000 in an all cash transaction.
On May 8, 2024, SharpLink entered into an amended and fully restated Post Closing Assignment Agreement with RSports, whereby SharpLink and RSports have agreed to amend the PA to exclude the transfer/sale of SHGN and have agreed to the assignment/sale of the Acquired Subsidiaries membership interests in SHReserve and SHPA to be made directly to RSports upon and subsequent to the approval of a petition by the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board. Based on this amended agreement, the sale of the business is an asset sale for legal and tax purposes instead of an equity sale.
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Further, in connection with the Sale of Business, SharpLink entered into a Post Closing Covenant Agreement (the “PCCA”) with the Buyer defining the post-closing terms and conditions relating to certain transfers and assignments of assets subsequent to the closing of the Sale of Business, including:
| ● | Transferring control of all bank accounts held by the Targets to the Buyer; | |
| ● | Transferring or cooperating with the application process for all state gaming licenses held by the Targets in connection with the change of control to the Buyer; | |
| ● | Providing the Buyer with an accounting of all funds due to and from and any deferred revenue between Sports Technologies, LLC, SHGN and SharpLink, Inc.; | |
| ● | Assigning to Buyer or its affiliates, or cause the counterparty to consent to, all contracts assumed by the Buyer or its affiliates on or subsequent to the closing based upon change of control provisions; and | |
| ● | Assigning to Buyer or its affiliates all of its intellectual property rights purchased in the PA for the Acquired Subsidiaries or Targets. |
SHGN owns all of the membership interests in Virtual Fantasy Games Acquisitions, LLC , a Minnesota limited liability company; LeagueSafe Management, LLC , a Minnesota limited liability company; SportsHub Reserve, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company; SportsHub PA, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company; SportsHub Operations, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company; SportsHub Holdings, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company; SportsHub Regulatory, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company; and SportsHub Player Reserve, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company (collectively, the “Acquired Subsidiaries”).
As a result of the Sale of Business, we have ceased our Sports Gaming Client Services and SportsHub Gaming Network operations. The historical results of these business segments have been reflected as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements for all periods prior to the closing date of the Sale of Business on January 18, 2024. See Note 3 in the Form 10-K, filed on March 14, 2025, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Redomestication from Israel to Delaware
On February 13, 2024, SharpLink Israel completed its previously announced domestication merger (“Domestication Merger”), pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Domestication Merger Agreement”), dated June 14, 2023 and amended July 24, 2023, among SharpLink Israel, SharpLink Merger Sub Ltd., an Israeli company and a wholly owned subsidiary of SharpLink US (“Domestication Merger Sub”) and SharpLink Gaming, Inc. (“SharpLink US”). The Domestication Merger was achieved through a merger of SharpLink Merger Sub with and into SharpLink Israel, with SharpLink Israel surviving the merger and becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of SharpLink US. The Domestication Merger was approved by the shareholders of SharpLink Israel at an extraordinary special meeting of shareholders held on December 6, 2023. SharpLink US’s Common Stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the same ticker symbol, SBET, on February 14, 2024.
Smaller Reporting Company
We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. To the extent we qualify as a smaller reporting company, we may continue to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements and we are also permitted to elect to incorporate by reference information filed after the effective date of the S-1 registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30, or (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30.
Our Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104, Minneapolis, Minnesota and our telephone number is 612-293-0619. Our website address is www.sharplink.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus or of any prospectus supplement. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.
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| Shares of Common Stock Offered by Us: | Up to 1,520,270 shares of Common Stock. | |
| Pre-Funded Warrants Offered by Us: | We are also offering to certain purchasers whose purchase of shares of Common Stock in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding Common Stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, in lieu of purchasing Common Stock, Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,520,270 shares of Common Stock. Each Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price at which each share Common Stock is being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be $0.0001 per share of Common Stock. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable immediately or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrant and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. This offering also relates to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of any Pre-Funded Warrants sold in this offering. For each Pre-funded Warrant that we sell, the number of shares of common stock that we are offering will be reduced on a one-for-one basis. | |
| Assumed Public Offering Price: | $2.96 per share of Common Stock, assuming a public offering price equal to the last sale price of our Common Stock as reported by the Nasdaq on May 16, 2025. | |
Common Stock Outstanding Before this Offering: |
659,684 Shares of Common Stock. | |
Common Stock Outstanding Immediately After this Offering: |
2,179,954 shares of Common Stock (assuming we sell only shares of Common Stock and no Pre-Funded Warrants). | |
| Use of Proceeds: | We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $3,809,250, based on an assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share of Common Stock, after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to strengthen our cash position, aid us in regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum requirement for total stockholders’ equity; working capital; and other general corporate purposes, which may include acquiring certain crypto currencies in connection with execution of a potential treasury strategy currently under consideration. Because this is a reasonable best efforts offering with no minimum amount as a condition to closing, we may not sell all or any of the securities offered hereby. As a result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds than we currently estimate. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 22. | |
| Risk Factors: | You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” on page 17 and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before deciding to invest in our Common Stock. | |
| Nasdaq Symbol for Our Common Stock: | SBET |
Unless otherwise indicated, the number of shares of Common Stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 659,684 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of May 16, 2025 and assumes no exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants being offered in this Offering. The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding after this offering excludes:
| ● | 9,022 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $91.08 per share; | |
| ● | 28,638 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding warrants; and | |
| ● | 37,500 shares of Common Stock underlying unvested Restricted Stock Units. |
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An investment in our securities involves a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors and all of the other information included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including those in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, incorporated herein by reference, before making an investment decision. Any of these risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. If that occurs, the trading price of our shares of Common Stock could decline materially, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The risks included in this prospectus and the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus are not the only risks we face. We may experience additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or as a result of developments occurring in the future. Conditions that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, and our ability to pay distributions to stockholders.
Risks Related to This Offering
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the Common Stock you purchase. You may also experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
The price per share, together with the number of shares of Common Stock we propose to issue and ultimately will issue if this offering is completed, may result in an immediate decrease in the market price of our Common Stock. Our historical net tangible book value as of March 31, 2025 was $2.1 million, or approximately $5.13 per share of Common Stock. After giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock or the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants to be sold in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share (the last sale price of our Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq on May 16, 2025), our as adjusted net tangible book value as of May 16, 2025 would have been $5.9 million or approximately $3.07 per share of Common Stock.
In addition, in order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our shares of Common Stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. In the event that the outstanding options or warrants are exercised or settled, or that we make additional issuances of shares of Common Stock or other convertible or exchangeable securities, you could experience additional dilution. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders, including investors who purchase shares of Common Stock in this offering. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into our Common Stock in future transactions, may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering. As a result, purchasers of the shares we sell, as well as our existing stockholders, will experience significant dilution if we sell at prices significantly below the price at which they invested.
We may not regain compliance with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market.
As previously reported on Form 10-K filed by the Company on March 14, 2025 and 10-K/A filed by the Company on March 17, 2025, the Company received a Bid Price Deficiency Notice on July 11, 2024. In accordance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5810 (c)(3)(A), the Company had a period of 180 calendar days, or until January 7, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Further, as previously reported on our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2024, the Nasdaq Staff notified the Company that it did not comply with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. The Company had 45 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance or until January 6, 2025.
The Company had a hearing with the Panel on February 25, 2025. The Company’s Common Stock will remain listed and eligible for trading on Nasdaq pending the conclusion of the hearing process. SharpLink has worked to evidence compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and Minimum Stockholder’s Equity Requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market and submitted a plan to that effect to the Panel as part of the hearing process on February 25, 2025.
On March 21, 2025, SharpLink received the Notice from the Panel stating that it has granted the Company’s request for additional time to achieve compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing rules and demonstrate long-term compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. Specifically, the Panel has agreed to provide the Company until May 23, 2025 to regain compliance with both the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement.
We must satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, including, among other things, the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement, or risk delisting, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, it could materially reduce the liquidity of our common stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities. If our common stock is delisted, it could be more difficult to buy or sell our common stock or to obtain accurate quotations, and the price of our common stock could suffer a material decline. Delisting could also impair our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, if at all.
The Company is currently attempting to raise equity in this public offering in order to achieve compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. We may not be able to comply with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement even after this offering due to our cash burn rate, operating expenses, and payment obligations. As a result, we may be required to raise additional funds after this offering in order to achieve compliance.
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Resales of our Common Stock in the public market during this offering by our stockholders may cause the market price of our shares of Common Stock to fall.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock could occur at any time. The issuance of new shares of Common Stock could result in resales of our shares of Common Stock by our current stockholders concerned about the potential ownership dilution of their holdings. In turn, these resales could have the effect of depressing the market price for our shares of Common Stock.
You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our shares of Common Stock that could result in further dilution to the investors purchasing our shares of Common Stock in this offering or result in downward pressure on the price of our Common Stock. We may sell our shares of Common Stock or other securities in any other offering at prices that are higher or lower than the prices paid by the investors in this offering, and the investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. Moreover, to the extent that we issue options or warrants to purchase, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, our shares of Common Stock in the future and those options, warrants or other securities are exercised, converted or exchanged, stockholders may experience further dilution.
We will have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to strengthen our cash position, aid us in regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum requirement for total stockholders’ equity; working capital; and other general corporate purposes, which may include acquiring certain crypto currencies in connection with execution of a potential treasury strategy currently under consideration. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest-bearing instruments. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders.
This offering may cause the trading price of our shares of Common Stock to decrease.
The price per share, together with the number of shares of Common Stock we propose to issue and ultimately will issue if this offering is completed, may result in an immediate decrease in the market price of our shares of Common Stock. This decrease may continue after the completion of this offering.
There is no public market for the Pre-Funded Warrants being offered in this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.
Holders of our Pre-Funded Warrants will have no rights as Common Stock Stockholders until they acquire our shares of Common Stock.
Until you acquire our shares of Common Stock upon exercise of your Pre-Funded Warrants, you will have no rights with respect to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of your Pre-Funded Warrants. Upon exercise of your Pre-Funded Warrants, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of shares only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the issuance date for such shares of Common Stock.
The Pre-Funded Warrants are speculative in nature.
The Pre-Funded Warrants offered hereby do not confer any rights of Common Stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of Common Stock at a fixed price. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrant, holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants may acquire shares of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the Pre-Funded Warrants is uncertain, and there can be no assurance that the market value of the Pre-Funded Warrants will equal or exceed their public offering price.
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This is a reasonable best efforts offering, in which no minimum number or dollar amount of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business plans.
The Placement Agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities in this offering. The Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. There is no required minimum number of securities that must be sold as a condition to completion of this offering. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, Placement Agent fees and proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth herein. We may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our operations and may need to raise additional funds to complete such short-term operations. Such additional fundraises may not be available or available on terms acceptable to us.
The Placement Agent is offering the shares on a “reasonable best efforts” basis, and the Placement Agent is under no obligation to purchase any shares for its own account. The Placement Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock in this offering but will use its reasonable best efforts to sell the securities offered in this prospectus as a “reasonable best efforts” offering, there can be no assurance that the offering contemplated hereby will ultimately be consummated.
Purchasers who purchase our securities in this offering pursuant to a securities purchase agreement may have rights not available to purchasers that purchase without the benefit of a securities purchase agreement.
In addition to rights and remedies available to all purchasers in this offering under federal securities and state law, the purchasers that enter into a securities purchase agreement will also be able to bring claims of breach of contract against us. The ability to pursue a claim for breach of contract provides those investors with the means to enforce the covenants uniquely available to them under the securities purchase agreement, including: a covenant to not enter into any equity financings for a certain number of days from closing of the offering, subject to certain exceptions.
Risks Related to Liquidity and Capital Resources
We will require additional capital to support our growth plans and such capital may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. If we do not raise sufficient capital, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We will require additional capital to support our growth plans and such capital may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. If we do not raise sufficient capital, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In the pursuit of SharpLink’s long-term growth strategy and the development of its affiliate marketing services and related businesses, the Company has sustained continued operating losses. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had a net loss from continuing operations of $(4,473,643) and $(11,248,598), respectively; and cash used in operating activities from continuing operations of $(5,856,053) for the year ended December 31, 2024 and cash used for operating activities from continuing operations of $(4,916,412) for the prior year. For the three-month reporting periods ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, we had a net loss from continuing operations of $(916,732) and $(1,760,811), respectively; and cash used in operating activities from continuing operations of $(452,827) and $(2,848,643), respectively.
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We are continually evaluating strategies to obtain the required additional funding for future operations. These strategies may include, but are not limited to, equity financings, issuing debt, evaluating potential business combinations, entering into other financing arrangements, and restructuring operations to increase revenues and decrease expenses. The Company may be unable to access further equity or debt financing when needed or obtain additional liquidity under acceptable terms, if at all. As such, these factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period. Our audited condensed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities and reported expenses that may be necessary if we were unable to continue as a going concern.
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue to finance our capital needs, which we may never achieve, we expect to finance our cash needs primarily through public or private equity financings or conventional debt financings. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are not able to secure additional funding when needed to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges, track and comply with applicable laws and regulations, develop new technology and services or enhance our existing offering, improve our operating infrastructure, enhance our information security systems to combat changing cyber threats and expand personnel to support our business, we may have to delay or reduce the scope of future growth initiatives. Moreover, any additional equity financing that we obtain may dilute the ownership held by our existing stockholders. The economic dilution to our stockholders will be significant if our stock price does not materially increase, or if the effective price of any sale is below the price paid by a particular stockholder. Any debt financing could involve substantial restrictions on activities and creditors could seek additional pledges of some or all of our assets. If we fail to obtain additional funding as needed, we may be forced to cease or scale back operations, and our results, financial conditions and stock price would be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Expansion into the Crypto Gaming Market
The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies and crypto gaming platforms means they are often not subject to the same level of regulation and oversight as traditional online gambling platforms.
One of the main risks of online crypto gaming is the lack of regulation or a proper legal framework to govern this type of digital currency. At the current time, the crypto space is a largely unregulated and decentralized landscape. Unlike fiat money, cryptocurrencies are not issued or backed by any government or monetary entity – either public or private – from which they can derive their authority as means of transaction. Despite the fact that many governments – both foreign and domestic – are trying to come to terms with cryptocurrencies, there is still very little guidance on how to deal with this form of value from a legal point of view. Given that the legal standing of crypto is not clear in most jurisdictions around the world, their use as a method of payment in crypto gaming may have serious implications.
Cryptocurrency-based gambling could become the intersection where all of the challenges posed by online gambling and cryptocurrencies collide. The lack of regulation and anonymity of cryptocurrency make this activity more complex and potentially more risky than traditional online gambling. Furthermore, cryptocurrency gambling websites might not offer the same level of consumer protection and safer gambling features as have previously been documented among conventional regulated online operators (Auer et al., 2020; Bonello & Griffiths, 2017; Catania & Griffiths, 2021; Cooney et al., 2021; Heirene et al., 2021). However, little is known about the practices of the latest generation of sophisticated cryptocurrency-based online gambling operators.
Cryptocurrency’s uncertain legal status, coupled with its use to bypass gambling bans, may leave our Company unprotected from fraudulent practices if we choose to proceed with acquiring control of Armchair and its CryptoCasino.com online gaming platform, or build or acquire other crypto-related gaming products and solutions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
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Although the blockchain boasts a high level of security when it comes to transactions, online crypto gambling sites are not exempt from hackers and cybercriminals trying to steal funds or personal information from users.
Crypto gambling platforms may be targeted by hackers and cybercriminals seeking to steal funds or personal information from users; so in the event we were to elect to exercise our right of first refusal to acquire a controlling position in Armchair, which owns and operates CryptoCasino.com, and if we fail to ensure property security measures are in place, we could be exposed to risks associated with users losing their funds or falling victim to identity theft or other cyberattacks, which could materially and adversely affect our business, brand reputation, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Many of our competitors have superior resources, which could adversely affect us.
Many companies currently operating within the crypto gaming ecosystem enjoy advantages such as greater financial resources, longer operational histories, larger user bases, bigger teams, and stronger brand recognition. Some, like SharpLink, are also not burdened with the additional costs and time commitments required of being an exchange-listed public company. These competitors may allocate more substantial resources to technology development, infrastructure enhancement, and marketing efforts. Moreover, they may be able to develop and deploy solutions more rapidly than us. In addition to existing competitors, the Company must contend with the potential of new entrants to the industry and the possibility of industry consolidation through business combinations and alliances, which could further strengthen the competitive positions of our rivals. Given our small team and relative lack of capital to many peers, we acknowledge that we face a competitive disadvantage in this landscape.
We face a number of risks associated with potential strategic alternatives and expansion opportunities we may elect to pursue.
We are conducting a formal process to explore strategic options to maximize stockholder value. We intend to use reasonable efforts to identify and evaluate potential transactions, and new business opportunities. Such activities are accompanied by risks commonly encountered in pursuing and completing such transactions, including, but not limited to, increased expenses associated with the process. Failure to manage the process to a desirable outcome could harm our business, our strategy and our operating results in a material way.
We are in a highly competitive market for a small number of business opportunities, which could reduce the likelihood of consummating one or more strategic alternatives. We are and will continue to be one of many participants in the pool of companies exploring strategic alternatives. A large number of established and well-financed entities, including special purpose acquisition companies, other public companies and venture capital firms, are active in mergers and acquisitions of companies that may be competing for similar opportunities or desirable target candidates as us. Nearly all of these entities have significantly greater financial resources, technical expertise, and managerial capabilities than we do; consequently, we are at a competitive disadvantage in identifying possible business opportunities and successfully completing a business combination. These competitive factors may reduce the likelihood of our identifying and consummating one or more strategic alternatives.
While we are committed to exploring strategic options to maximize stockholder value, our management remains dedicated to operating our existing business and operations. This and other limitations on time and resources may adversely impact our ability to identify and consummate a successful strategic alternative. No assurances can be given that we will successfully identify and evaluate suitable business opportunities or that we will consummate any transaction. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to negotiate a business combination or other transaction on favorable terms.
In particular, we may not have the opportunity or the resources to exercise our right of first refusal to acquire a controlling interest in Armchair.
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We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $3,809,250 from the sale of the securities by us in this offering, based on an assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share (the last sale price of our shares of Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq on May 16, 2025), after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, received from the exercise of warrants issued in this offering.
However, this is a “reasonable best efforts” offering with no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds as a condition to closing, and we may not sell all or any of the securities offering pursuant to this prospectus; and, as a result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds from this offering. For example, if we sell only 10%, 25%, 50% or 75% of the maximum amount offered, our net proceeds will be approximately $40,453, $668,203, $1,714,453 or $2,760,703, respectively.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to aid us in regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum requirement for total stockholders’ equity, working capital and other general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing; and we may elect to use a portion of the proceeds to acquire crypto currencies in connection with execution of the potential treasury strategy we currently have under consideration. We have no specific acquisition(s) being contemplated at this time. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds from this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein. Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, if any, we may temporarily invest the net proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.
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MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDEND POLICY
Shares of our Common Stock are traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “SBET.” The last reported sale price of our Common Stock on May 16, 2025 on the Nasdaq was $2.96 per share. As of May 16, 2025, there were 56 stockholders of record of our Common Stock.
We have never declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring, or paying in the foreseeable future, any cash dividends on our capital stock. Future determinations as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our operating results, financial conditions, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
Instead of paying cash dividends, we anticipate that all of our earnings will be used to provide working capital, to support our operations, and to finance the growth and development of our business. The payment of dividends is within the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, prospects, applicable Delaware law, which, among other requirements, provides that dividends are only payable out of retained earnings, and other factors our Board of Directors might deem relevant. There are no restrictions that currently limit our ability to pay dividends on our Common Stock other than those generally imposed by applicable Delaware law.
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The following table presents a summary of our cash and restricted cash and capitalization as of March 31, 2025:
| ● | on an actual basis; and | |
| ● | on an as-adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of Common Stock in this offering, after deducting Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The as adjusted basis assumes no Pre-Funded Warrants are sold in this offering. |
| As of March 31, 2025 | ||||||||
| Actual | As adjusted | |||||||
| Cash and restricted cash | $ | 1,374,943 | $ | 5,184,193 | ||||
| Common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized shares 100,000,000; issued and outstanding shares: 575,255 | 58 | 210 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 80,897,416 | 84,704,217 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (78,783,860 | ) | (78,783,860 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 2,113,614 | $ | 5,922,864 | ||||
| Total Capitalization | $ | 2,113,614 | $ | 5,922,864 | ||||
Each $0.10 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share would increase (decrease) each of cash, additional paid-in capital and total stockholders’ equity by approximately $152,000 ($152,000), assuming the number of shares of Common Stock offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses. Similarly, each $0.10 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share, would increase (decrease) the number of shares of Common Stock offered by approximately 51,361 shares (51,361 shares), assuming the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting estimated Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding before and after this offering is based on 659,684 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of May 16, 2025 and excludes:
| ● | 9,022 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $91.08 per share; | |
| ● | 28,638 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding warrants; and | |
| ● | 37,500 shares of Common Stock underlying unvested Restricted Stock Units. |
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If you purchase our shares of Common Stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the offering price per share you will pay in this offering and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock after this offering. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of our shares of Common Stock outstanding.
As of March 31, 2025, our net tangible book value was $2.1 million, or $5.13 per share of Common Stock.
After giving effect to the sale by us of 1,520,270 shares of Common Stock at an assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share of Common Stock, and after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2025, would have been $5.9 million, or $3.07 per share. This represents an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of approximately $(2.05) per share to our existing stockholders, and an immediate increase of $.11 per share to purchasers of shares in this offering, as illustrated in the following table:
| Assumed public offering price per share of Common Stock | $ | 2.96 | ||
| Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2025 | $ | 5.13 | ||
| Net dilution in net tangible book value per share attributable to existing stockholders | $ | (2.05 | ) | |
| As adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering | $ | 3.07 | ||
| Increase in net tangible book value per share to new investors in the offering | $ | .11 |
A $0.10 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $2.96 per share would result in an incremental increase (decrease) in our as adjusted net tangible negative book value of approximately $152,000 ($152,000) or approximately $0.10 ($0.10) per share, and would result in an incremental increase (decrease) to new investors of approximately $0.08 ($0.08) per share, assuming that the number of shares of Common Stock sold by us remains the same and after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding before and after this offering is based on 659,684 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of May 16, 2025 and excludes:
| ● | 9,022 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $91.08 per share; | |
| ● | 28,638 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding warrants; and | |
| ● | 37,500 shares of Common Stock underlying unvested Restricted Stock Units. |
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The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplements, summarize the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any securities the particular terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, the terms of the securities may differ from the terms we have summarized below. We will also include in the prospectus supplement information, where applicable, about material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the securities, and the securities exchange, if any, on which the securities will be listed. We may sell from time to time Common Stock, Preferred Stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase any such securities or any combination of the foregoing. In this prospectus, we refer to the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, debt securities and warrants to be sold by us collectively as “securities.”
If we issue debt securities at a discount from their original stated principal amount, then we will use the issue price, and not the principal amount, of such debt securities for purposes of calculating the total dollar amount of all securities issued under this prospectus.
This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Capital Stock Summary
The following description of SharpLink’s capital stock is a summary. This summary is subject to the DGCL and the complete text of SharpLink’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.
SharpLink’s authorized capital stock consists of shares made up of:
| ● | 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share; and | |
| ● | 15,000,000 shares of undesignated Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, the rights and preferences of which may be established from time to time by SharpLink’s Board of Directors. |
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General
We are authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of May 16, 2025, we had 659,684 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.
The holders of our Common Stock are entitled to the following rights:
Voting Rights
Each share of SharpLink’s Common Stock outstanding is entitled to one vote on all matters on which stockholders of SharpLink generally are entitled to vote. However, holders of SharpLink’s Common Stock will not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding classes or series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected classes or series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such class or series, to vote thereon pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL.
Generally, the Bylaws provide that, subject to applicable law or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, all corporate actions to be taken by vote of the stockholders will be authorized by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote thereon who are present in person, or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy, and where a separate vote by class or series is required, a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders of such class or series who are present in person, or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy will be the act of such class or series. Directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of SharpLink stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present.
Other Rights
Subject to the rights of holders of any then outstanding class or series of Preferred Stock, holders of SharpLink’s Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property of SharpLink as the Board of Directors may declare thereon from time to time and will share equally on a per share basis in all such dividends and other distributions. In the event of SharpLink’s dissolution, whether voluntary or involuntary, after the payment in full of the amounts required to be paid to the holders of any outstanding class or series of Preferred Stock, the remaining assets and funds of SharpLink available for distribution will be distributed pro rata to the holders of SharpLink’s Common Stock in proportion to the number of shares held by them and to the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock entitled to a distribution. Holders of SharpLink’s Common Stock will not have preemptive rights to purchase shares of SharpLink’s Common Stock. All outstanding shares of SharpLink’s Common Stock will be fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of SharpLink’s Common Stock will be subject to those of the holders of any outstanding class or series of SharpLink’s Preferred Stock that SharpLink may issue in the future.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. This statute prevents certain Delaware corporations, under certain circumstances, from engaging in a “business combination” with:
| ● | a stockholder who owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock (otherwise known as an “interested stockholder”); | |
| ● | an affiliate of an interested stockholder; or | |
| ● | an associate of an interested stockholder, for three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder. |
A “business combination” includes a merger or sale of more than 10% of our assets. However, the above provisions of Section 203 do not apply if:
| ● | our Board of Directors approves the transaction that made the stockholder an “interested stockholder,” prior to the date of the transaction; or | |
| ● | after the completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, that stockholder owned at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, other than statutorily excluded shares of Common Stock. |
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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
This section describes the general terms and provisions of SharpLink’s preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) that we may offer by this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the series of the Preferred Stock offered through that prospectus supplement. Those terms may differ from the terms discussed below. Any series of Preferred Stock that we issue will be governed by our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, including the certificate of designations relating to such series of Preferred Stock, and our Bylaws.
Our Board of Directors without the approval of the stockholders may issue up to 15,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock in one or more classes or series; and with respect to each series of Preferred Stock, the Board of Directors will fix the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series, without further vote or action by the stockholders. We will incorporate by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus the form of any certificate of designations that describes the terms of the series of Preferred Stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of Preferred Stock. This description will include the following, to the extent applicable:
| ● | the title and stated value; | |
| ● | the number of shares we are offering; | |
| ● | the liquidation preference per share; | |
| ● | the purchase price; | |
| ● | the dividend rate, period and payment date, and method of calculation for dividends, if any; | |
| ● | whether any dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate; | |
| ● | the provisions for a sinking fund, if any; | |
| ● | the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights; | |
| ● | any listing of the Preferred Stock on any securities exchange or market; | |
| ● | whether the Preferred Stock will be convertible into our Common Stock and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period; | |
| ● | whether the Preferred Stock will be exchangeable into debt securities and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period; | |
| ● | voting rights, if any, of the Preferred Stock; | |
| ● | preemptive rights, if any; | |
| ● | restrictions on transfer, sale, or other assignment, if any; |
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| ● | whether interests in the Preferred Stock will be represented by depositary shares; | |
| ● | a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the Preferred Stock; | |
| ● | the relative ranking and preferences of the Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; any limitations on issuance of any class or series of Preferred Stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and | |
| ● | any other specific terms, preferences, rights, or limitations of, or restrictions on, the Preferred Stock. |
SharpLink believes that the availability of the Preferred Stock under the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation will provide us with flexibility in addressing corporate issues that may arise. Having these authorized shares available for issuance will allow SharpLink to issue shares of Preferred Stock without the expense and delay of a special stockholders’ meeting. The authorized shares of Preferred Stock, as well as shares of Common Stock, will be available for issuance without further action by the Company’s stockholders, with the exception of any actions required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which SharpLink’s securities may be listed. The Board of Directors will have the power, subject to applicable law, to issue classes or series of Preferred Stock that could, depending on the terms of the class or series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt.
When we issue shares of Preferred Stock under this prospectus, the shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement, will be validity issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will not have, or be subject to, any preemptive or similar rights.
Section 242 of DGCL provides that the holders of each class or series of stock will have the right to vote separately as a class on certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation, as amended, that would affect the class or series of Preferred Stock, as applicable. This right is in addition to any voting rights that may be provided for in the applicable certificate of designation.
Blank Check Preferred Stock
SharpLink US’s Board of Directors may, from time to time, authorize the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred stock without stockholder approval. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation will permit SharpLink US to issue up to 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The number of authorized shares of preferred stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the capital stock of SharpLink US entitled to vote thereon, without a separate class vote of the holders of preferred stock, or any separate series votes of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the terms of any preferred stock certificate of designations.
Subject to the provisions of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and limitations prescribed by law, SharpLink US’s Board of Directors will be expressly authorized, by resolution or resolutions, to designate, out of the unissued shares of preferred stock, new classes and series of preferred stock. The Board of Directors may fix the number of shares constituting such class or series and the designation of such class or series and the powers (including voting, if any), preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of the shares of such class or series. Each class or series will be appropriately designated by a distinguishing designation prior to the issuance of any shares thereof. The powers (including voting, if any), preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of each series of preferred stock, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may differ from those of any and all other classes and series of preferred stock at any time outstanding.
The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, may adversely affect the rights of the combined Company’s Common Stockholders by, among other things:
| ● | restricting dividends on the Common Stock; | |
| ● | diluting the voting power of the Common Stock; | |
| ● | impairing the liquidation rights of the Common Stock; or | |
| ● | delaying or preventing a change in control without further action by the stockholders. |
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General
As of May 16, 2025, we had issued and outstanding warrants to purchase approximately 28,638 shares of our Common Stock with a weighted average exercise price per share of $2.12.
We may offer by means of this prospectus warrants for the purchase of our Common Stock or Preferred Stock. We may issue warrants separately or together with any other securities offered by means of this prospectus, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from such securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent specified therein. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
When we refer to a series of securities in this section, we mean all securities issued as part of the same series under any applicable indenture, agreement, or other instrument. When we refer to the prospectus supplement, we mean the applicable prospectus supplement describing the specific terms of the security that you purchase. The terms used in the prospectus supplement will have the meanings described in this prospectus, unless otherwise specified.
The following description of warrants does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the description of a particular series of warrants contained in an applicable prospectus supplement. For information relating to our capital stock, see “Description of Common Stock,” and “Description of Preferred Stock.”
Agreements
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. Each series of warrants may be evidenced by certificates and may be issued under a separate indenture, agreement or other instrument to be entered into between us and a bank that we select as agent with respect to such series. The agent, if any, will have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. Warrants in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the securities represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a global security will do so through participants in the depositary’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants.
General Terms of Warrants
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of warrants will identify the name and address of the warrant agent, if any. The prospectus supplement will describe the following terms, where applicable, of the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
| ● | the title and issuer of the warrants; |
| ● | the aggregate number of warrants; |
| ● | the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued; |
| ● | the currencies in which the price or prices of the warrants may be payable; |
| ● | the designation, amount and terms of the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants; |
| ● | the designation and terms of the other securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of security; |
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| ● | if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and any related securities will be separately transferable; |
| ● | any securities exchange or quotation system on which the warrants or any securities deliverable upon exercise of such securities may be listed; |
| ● | the price or prices at which and currency or currencies in which the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased; |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise the warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire; |
| ● | the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time; |
| ● | whether the warrants will be issued in fully registered for or bearer form, in global or non-global form, or in any combination of these forms; |
| ● | information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
| ● | a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations; and |
| ● | any other material terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants. |
Exercise of Warrants
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. If any warrant is exercisable for other securities or other property, the following provisions will apply. Each such warrant may be exercised at any time up to any expiration date and time mentioned in the prospectus supplement relating to those warrants. After the close of business on any applicable expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
Warrants may be exercised by delivery of the certificate representing the securities to be exercised, or in the case of global securities by delivery of an exercise notice for those warrants, together with certain information, and payment to any agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the prospectus supplement, of the required purchase amount, if any. Upon receipt of payment and the certificate or exercise notice properly executed at the office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, in the time period the relevant agreement provides, issue and deliver the securities or other property purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by such certificates are exercised, a new certificate will be issued for the remaining amount of warrants.
If mentioned in the prospectus supplement, securities may be surrendered as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.
Antidilution Provisions
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. In the case of warrants to purchase Common Stock, the exercise price payable and the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon warrant exercise may be adjusted in certain events, including:
| ● | the issuance of a stock dividend to Common stockholders or a combination, subdivision or reclassification of Common Stock; |
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| ● | the issuance of rights, warrants or options to all Common and Preferred stockholders entitling them to purchase Common Stock for an aggregate consideration per share less than the current market price per share of Common Stock; |
| ● | any distribution to our Common stockholders of evidences of our indebtedness of assets, excluding cash dividends or distributions referred to above; and |
| ● | any other events mentioned in the prospectus supplement. |
The prospectus supplement will describe which, if any, of these provisions shall apply to a particular series of warrants.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, no adjustment in the number of shares purchasable upon warrant exercise will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% of such number and no fractional shares will be issued upon warrant exercise, but we will pay the cash value of any fractional shares otherwise issuable.
Modification
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. We and any agent for any series of warrants may amend any warrant or rights agreement and the terms of the related warrants by executing a supplemental agreement, without any such warrant holders’ consent, for the purpose of:
| ● | curing any ambiguity, any defective or inconsistent provision contained in the agreement, or making any other corrections to the agreement that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the warrant certificates; | |
| ● | evidencing the succession of another corporation to us and its assumption of our covenants contained in the agreement and the securities; | |
| ● | appointing a successor depository if the securities are issued in the form of global securities; | |
| ● | evidencing a successor agent’s acceptance of appointment with respect to any securities; | |
| ● | adding to our covenants for the benefit of securityholders or surrendering any right or power we have under the agreement; | |
| ● | issuing warrants in definitive form, if such securities are initially issued in the form of global securities; or | |
| ● | amending the agreement and the warrants as we deem necessary or desirable and that will not adversely affect the interests of the applicable warrant holders in any material respect. |
We and any agent for any series of warrants may also amend any agreement and the related warrants by a supplemental agreement with the consent of the holders of a majority of the warrants of any series affected by such amendment, for the purpose of adding, modifying, or eliminating any of the agreement’s provisions or of modifying the rights of the holders of warrants. However, no such amendment that:
| ● | reduces the number or amount of securities receivable upon any exercise of any such security; | |
| ● | shortens the time period during which any such security may be exercised; | |
| ● | otherwise adversely affects the exercise rights of warrant holders in any material respect; or | |
| ● | reduces the number of securities, the consent of holders of which is required for amending the agreement or the related warrants; |
may be made without the consent of each holder affected by that amendment.
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Consolidation, Merger, and Sale of Assets
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. Any agreement with respect to warrants will provide that we are generally permitted to merge or consolidate with another corporation or other entity. Any such agreement will also provide that we are permitted to sell our assets substantially as an entirety to another corporation or other entity or to have another entity sell its assets substantially as an entirety to us. With regard to any series of warrants, however, we may not take any of these actions unless all of the following conditions are met:
| ● | if we are not the successor entity, the person formed by the consolidation or into or with which we merge or the person to which our properties and assets are conveyed, transferred or leased must be an entity organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any state, or the District of Columbia and must expressly assume the performance of our covenants under any relevant indenture, agreement, or other instrument; and | |
| ● | we or that successor corporation must not immediately be in default under that agreement. |
Enforcement by Holders of Warrants
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. Any agent for any series of warrants will act solely as our agent under the relevant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for any securityholder. A single bank or trust company may act as agent for more than one issue of securities. Any such agent will have no duty or responsibility in case we default in performing our obligations under the relevant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any legal proceedings or to make any demand upon us. Any securityholder may, without the agent’s consent or consent of any other securityholder, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise any warrant exercisable for any property.
Replacement of Certificates
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. We will replace any destroyed, lost, stolen, or mutilated warrant or rights certificate upon delivery to us and any applicable agent of satisfactory evidence of the ownership of that certificate and of its destruction, loss, theft or mutilation, and (in the case of mutilation) surrender of that certificate to us or any applicable agent, unless we have, or the agent has, received notice that the certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser. That securityholder will also be required to provide indemnity satisfactory to us and the relevant agent before a replacement certificate will be issued.
Title
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to any warrants we issue pursuant to this prospectus. We, any agents for any series of warrants, and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any certificate as the absolute owner of the securities evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the warrants so requested, despite any notice to the contrary.
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Current Outstanding Warrants
Purchase Warrant
On February 15, 2023, the Company also issued to Alpha a warrant (the “Alpha Warrant”) to purchase 73,333 ordinary shares of the Company at an initial exercise price of $105.00 (the “Warrant Shares,” and, together with the Conversion Shares, and any other ordinary shares of the Company that may otherwise become issuable pursuant to the terms of the February 14, 2023 Debenture and Alpha Warrant, the “Underlying Shares”). The Alpha Warrant is exercisable in whole or in part, at any time on or after February 15, 2023 and before February 15, 2028. The exercise price of the Alpha Warrant was subject to an initial reset immediately prior to the Company’s filing of a proxy statement that included a stockholder proposal to approve the issuance of Underlying Shares in excess of 19.99% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares on the respective closing date (the “Stockholder Proposal”) to the lower of $105.00 and the average of the five Nasdaq Official Closing Prices immediately preceding such date the. As a result, the exercise price has been reset to $48.845, the average of the five Nasdaq Official Closing Prices immediately preceding April 14, 2023, the date the Company filed its preliminary proxy statement which included the Stockholder Proposal. The Alpha Warrant includes a beneficial ownership blocker of 9.99%. The Alpha Warrant provides for adjustments to the exercise price, in connection with stock dividends and splits, subsequent Sale of Business and rights offerings, pro rata distributions, and certain fundamental transactions.
In the event the Company, at any time while the Alpha Warrant is still outstanding, issues or grants any right to re-price, ordinary shares or any type of securities giving rights to obtain ordinary shares at a price below exercise price, Alpha shall be extended full-ratchet anti-dilution protection on the Alpha Warrant (reduction in price, only, no increase in number of Warrant Shares, and subject to customary Exempt Transaction issuances), and such reset shall not be limited by any floor price.
At the time of execution, the Company classified the Alpha Warrant as an equity contract and performed an initial fair value measurement. As the Alpha Warrant was issued with the sale of the February 14, 2023 debenture (the “Debenture”), the value assigned to the Alpha Warrant was based on an allocation of proceeds, subject to the allocation to the Debenture. The Company recorded a debt discount for the Alpha Warrant of $1,174,229, based on the Black Scholes option-pricing model which was calculated independently of the fair value of the Debenture, and recorded the Alpha Warrant as additional paid in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. Amortization of the debt discount amounted to $342,482 for the period ended December 31, 2023 and is included in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Alpha Warrant provides that in the event of a fundamental transaction, SharpLink, at Alpha’s option, would repurchase the Alpha Warrant from Alpha on the terms set forth in Section 3(e)(ii) of the warrant issued to Alpha to initially purchase 73,333 ordinary shares of SharpLink Israel (the “2023 Warrant”) (the “Warrant Repurchase”). On January 19, 2024, SharpLink and Alpha entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) whereby Alpha agreed to waive (i) the event of default under Section 3(e)(ii) of the Alpha Warrant in connection with the Sale of Business.
Pursuant to Section 5(1) of the Alpha Warrant, Alpha further agreed to waive its right to elect that, in connection with and at the closing of the Sale of Business, the Alpha Warrant shall be repurchased by the Company as set forth in Section 3(e) of the 2023 Warrant. The Parties agreed in the Settlement Agreement that the Warrant Repurchase for its Black Scholes value shall take place upon the earlier of (a) June 30, 2024; (b) the Company raising a gross amount of not less than $3,000,000 whether by equity or debt; or (c) the Company entering into a “fundamental transaction” as defined in the 2023 Warrant. The parties further agree in the Settlement Agreement to fix the Black Scholes value of the 2023 Warrant for purposes of the Warrant Repurchase at $900,000.
On March 6, 2024, SharpLink entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with Alpha to change the Warrant Repurchase of $900,000. Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement, the Company agreed to exchange the 2023 Warrant for (i) 13,017 shares of Common Stock (the “Shares”), (ii)a pre-funded warrant in the amount of 39,130 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrant”) and (iii) the unexchanged balance of the 2023 Warrant Repurchase (the “Warrant Repurchase Balance”). The Warrant Repurchase Balance of 21,186 warrants is valued at $170,636 and shall be subject to the repurchase terms set forth in the Settlement Agreement. The Pre-Funded Warrant and the Warrant Repurchase Balance were valued using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. As part of this transaction, the Company recorded a deemed dividend of $44,619 as presented in the statement of stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
On June 30, 2024, SharpLink negotiated an Amendment to the Exchange Agreement (the “Amendment”) to reduce the strike price per warrant of the unexchanged balance of the 2023 Warrants Repurchase Balance from $48.85 to $0.0012 and to remove the re-purchase option. The modification to the Exchange Agreement was valued on June 29, 2024, the day before the modification, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recorded a fair value adjustment of $17,996 on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the second quarter of 2024 and removed the remaining accrued warrant liability of $152,386 through an adjustment to additional paid in capital.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Our transfer agent is Equiniti Trust Company located at 48 Wall Street, Floor 23, New York, New York 10005.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING
Common Stock
The material terms and provisions of our Common Stock are described in the section titled, “Description of Securities” in this prospectus.
Pre-Funded Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrant, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Pre-Funded Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
Duration and Exercise Price. Each Pre-Funded Warrant offered hereby will have an initial exercise price per share equal to $0.0001. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrant and may be exercised at any time until the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our Common Stock and the exercise price. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be issued separately from the accompanying Common Stock Warrants and may be transferred separately immediately thereafter.
Exercisability. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of our shares of Common Stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). Purchasers of the Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering may elect to deliver their exercise notice following the pricing of the offering and prior to the issuance of the Pre-Funded Warrants at closing to have their Pre-Funded Warrants exercised immediately upon issuance and receive shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants upon closing of this offering or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrant. A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s Pre-Funded Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of our shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants. Purchasers of Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering may also elect prior to the issuance of the Pre-Funded Warrants to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock. No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will round up to the next whole share.
Cashless Exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises its Pre-Funded Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of Common Stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Pre-Funded Warrants.
Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a Pre-Funded Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Pre-Funded Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.
Exchange Listing. There is no trading market available for the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.
Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of Common Stock, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our Common Stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Pre-Funded Warrants.
Fundamental Transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Pre-Funded Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of Common Stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding Common Stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of Common Stock, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, other than one in which a successor entity that is a publicly traded corporation (whose stock is quoted or listed for trading on a national securities exchange, including, but not limited to, the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Capital Market) assumes the Pre-Funded Warrant such that the warrant shall be exercisable for the publicly traded common stock of such successor entity.
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth information as of May 16, 2025, with respect to the beneficial ownership of shares of our Common Stock by (i) each director, (ii) each named executive officer, (iii) all directors and executive officers as a group, and (iv) each person who we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our shares of Common Stock based on filings with the SEC, unless otherwise indicated below.
| Name(1) | Number
of | Percentage
of | ||||||
| 5% or Greater Stockholders: | ||||||||
| Alpha Capital Anstalt | 61,204 | 9.3 | % | |||||
| Directors and Named Executive Officers: | ||||||||
| Rob Phythian | 23,260 | 3.5 | % | |||||
| Robert DeLucia | 14,421 | 2.2 | % | |||||
| Leslie Bernhard | 11,667 | 1.8 | % | |||||
| Robert Gutkowski | 11,667 | 1.8 | % | |||||
| Obie McKenzie | 11,667 | 1.8 | % | |||||
| As a Director and Management Group | 72,682 | 11.1 | % | |||||
| 1 | Unless otherwise indicated, such individual’s address is C/O SharpLink Gaming, Inc., 333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401. |
| 2 | Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Common Stock relating to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this table are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table above have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. |
| 3 | Percentages are calculated based on 659,684 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of May 16, 2025. |
| 4 | Beneficial ownership reflects the maximum number of Common Stock that may be acquired by Alpha subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Pursuant to the Company’s records, Alpha owns of record (i) 32,817 shares of Common Stock; and (iii) prefunded warrants in the amount of 28,387 shares. |
| 6 | Alpha’s address is Altenbach 8, 9490 Vaduz, Principality of Liechtenstein. |
| 7 | Includes 4,302 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options within 60 days and 6,250 RSUs which vest on June 30, 2025. |
| 8 |
Includes 694 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options within 60 days and 6,250 RSUs which vest on June 30, 2025.
|
| 9 | Includes 4,167 RSUs which vest on June 30, 2025. |
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A.G.P. has agreed to act as our Placement Agent in connection with this offering subject to the terms and conditions of the placement agency agreement dated , 2025. The Placement Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities offered by this prospectus, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but it has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of all of the securities offered hereby. We may not sell the entire amount of securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.
We will enter into a securities purchase agreement directly with certain purchasers, at the purchaser’s option, who purchase our securities in this offering. Purchasers who do not enter into a securities purchase agreement shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase of our securities in this offering. We will deliver the securities being issued to purchasers upon receipt of purchaser funds for the purchase of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.
This offering will be completed no later than one business day following the commencement of this offering and the delivery of such securities will be made upon receipt of investor funds received by the Company. We expect to deliver the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus on or about , 2025.
We have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent and specified other persons against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the Placement Agent may be required to make in respect thereof.
Fees and Expenses
This offering is being conducted on a “reasonable best efforts” basis and the Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities. We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent fees set forth in the table below (assuming the purchase of all of the securities we are offering).
| Per
Share of Common Stock | Per
Pre-Funded Warrant | Total | ||||||||||
| Public offering price | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Placement Agent fees | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Proceeds to us, before expenses(1) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) The amount of the offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give effect to any exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants being issued in this offering.
We have agreed to pay to the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual aggregate cash placement fee, if any, is not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amount set forth above. The Placement Agent shall also be entitled to a management fee equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering.
We have also agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent at closing for legal and other expenses incurred by the Placement Agent in connection with this offering in an amount equal to up to $75,000 and for certain non-accountable expenses, up to $25,000. We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this offering, excluding the Placement Agent fees and expenses, will be approximately $378,047.
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The Placement Agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(ii) of the Securities Act. and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the securities sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the Placement Agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 4l5(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of securities by the Placement Agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the Placement Agent:
| ● | may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and | |
| ● | may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution. |
Lock-Up Agreements
Our directors and executive officers have agreed to enter lock-up agreements. Under these agreements, these individuals have agreed, subject to specified exceptions, not to sell or transfer any shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our shares of Common Stock during a period ending 30 days after the date of this prospectus, without first obtaining the written consent of the Placement Agent, subject to certain exceptions. Specifically, these individuals have agreed, in part, not to:
| ● | sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell (including any short sale), pledge, transfer, establish an open “put equivalent position” within the meaning of Rule 16a-l(h) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended; | |
| ● | enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our securities, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of our shares of Common Stock, in cash or otherwise; | |
| ● | make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any of our securities; | |
| ● | publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition of, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge; | |
| ● | or other arrangement relating to any of our securities. |
Notwithstanding these limitations, our securities may be transferred under limited circumstances, including, without limitation, by gift, will or intestate succession.
In addition, we have agreed that, subject to certain exceptions (including a private placement in excess of $50 million), we will not conduct any issuances of our shares of Common Stock for a period of 30 days following closing of this offering, provided, however, we will be permitted to issue securities pursuant the Sales Agreement entered into by the Company and the Placement Agent on May 1, 2024 (the “Sales Agreement”) and file any prospectus supplements related to the Sales Agreement, as well as enter into a new sales agreement with the Placement Agent (the “New Sales Agreement”), and file any such prospectus supplements or registration statement with the SEC in connection with such New Sales Agreement, as well as issue any securities pursuant to the New Sales Agreement.
Determination of Offering Price
The public offering price of the securities we are offering was negotiated between us and the investors, in consultation with the Placement Agent based on the trading of our shares of Common Stock prior to the offering, among other things. Other factors considered in determining the public offering price of the securities we are offering include our history and prospects, the industry in which we operate, our past and present operating results, the stage of development of our business, our business plans for the future and the extent to which they have been implemented, the previous experience of our executive officers, general conditions of the securities markets at the time of the offering and such other factors as were deemed relevant.
Listing
Our Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SBET.” There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not expect such a market to develop. We do not intend to apply to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.
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Discretionary Accounts
The Placement Agent does not intend to confirm sales of the securities offered hereby to any accounts over which it has discretionary authority.
Other Activities and Relationships
The Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various commercial and investment banking and financial advisory services for us and our affiliates, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.
On May 1, 2024, we entered into the Sales Agreement with A.G.P. pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through A.G.P.as sales agent, shares of our Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,676,366 in an “at-the-market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; such sales may occur directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, to or through a market maker, or in negotiated transactions at prevailing market prices or prices related thereto, with A.G.P. using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading practices and applicable laws, subject to our instructions and without any obligation to purchase shares on a principal basis; we will pay A.G.P. a 3.0% commission on gross proceeds and reimburse up to $50,000 in initial expenses and $10,000 annually, while providing customary indemnification, and the offering will terminate upon the sale of all shares, mutual termination with five days’ notice, or the expiration of this registration statement; A.G.P. may perform future services for us or our affiliates for customary fees.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their various business activities, the Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the· accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments issued by us and our affiliates. If the Placement Agent or its affiliates enter into a lending relationship with us, they will routinely hedge their credit exposure to us consistent with their customary risk management policies. The Placement Agent and its affiliates may hedge such exposure by entering into transactions that consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our securities or the securities of our affiliates, including potentially the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. The Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
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The validity of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Thompson Hine LLP, New York, New York. The Placement Agent is being represented in connection with this offering by Sullivan & Worcester LLP, New York, New York. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in an applicable prospectus supplement.
The consolidated financial statements of our Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024 incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Cherry Bekaert LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.
Our transfer agent is Equiniti Trust Company located at 48 Wall Street, Floor 23, New York, New York 10005.
From time to time, we may become involved in lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. Although we currently maintain liability insurance coverage intended to cover professional liability and certain other claims, we cannot assure that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover liabilities arising out of claims asserted against us in the future where the outcomes of such claims are unfavorable to us. Liabilities in excess of our insurance coverage, including coverage for professional liability and certain other claims, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As of May 16, 2025, there are no pending, nor to our knowledge threatened, legal proceedings against us.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC also maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at www.sharplink.com. Information accessible on or through our website is not a part of this prospectus.
This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and our consolidated subsidiaries and the securities that we are offering. Forms of any indenture or other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part or under cover of a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated in this prospectus by reference. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should read the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and because we are a smaller reporting company, later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made subsequent to the date of this prospectus that we will make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until the termination of the offering of the shares covered by this prospectus (other than information furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K):
| ● | Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2025; | |
| ● | Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025; | |
| ● | Our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025; | |
| ● | Our preliminary proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on March 21, 2025; and | |
| ● | Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 10, 2025, February 28, 2025, March 26, 2025, April 3, 2025, April 23, 2025 and May 2, 2025. |
As a smaller reporting company, we also are incorporating by reference any future information filed (rather than furnished) by us with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, after the date of this prospectus until the termination of the offering. Any statements contained in a previously filed document incorporated by reference into this prospectus is deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, or in a subsequently filed document also incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes that statement.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the reports or documents that have been incorporated by reference in the prospectus contained in the registration statement but not delivered with the prospectus. You should direct requests for documents to:
SharpLink Gaming, Inc.
333 Washington Avenue North
Suite 104
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401
Attention: Chief Financial Officer
Phone: 612-293-0619
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Up to 1,520,270 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 1,520,270 Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase Up to 1,520,270 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 1,520,270 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Pre-Funded Warrants
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Sole Placement Agent
A.G.P.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distributions
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses payable by SharpLink Gaming, Inc. (the “Company” or “SharpLink”) in connection with the offering and sale of the shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, (the “Common Stock”) being registered. All amounts shown are estimates, except the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registration fee.
| SEC Registration Fee | $ | 2,297 | ||
| FINRA filing fee | 2,750 | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | 125,000 | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | 200,000 | |||
| Transfer agent and registrar fees | 23,000 | |||
| Printing expenses | - | |||
| Miscellaneous | 25,000 | |||
| Total | $ | 378,047 |
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
In accordance with the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as stated in Article 6 titled “Liabilities; Indemnification:”
6.1 To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, a director or senior officer of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or to its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director or senior officer. No amendment to, modification of, or repeal of Section 6.1 shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director or senior officer of the Corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director or senior officer occurring prior to such amendment.
6.2 SharpLink may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended any person made or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative, or investigative, by reason of the fact that he, his testator, or intestate is or was a director, or senior officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation or any predecessor of the Corporation, or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director, senior officer, employee, or agent at the request of the Corporation or any predecessor to the Corporation. Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Section 6.2 shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Purchase Warrant
On February 15, 2023, the Company issued to Alpha Capital Anstalt (“Alpha”) a warrant (the “Alpha Warrant”) to purchase 73,333 ordinary shares of the Company at an initial exercise price of $105.00 (the “Warrant Shares,” and, together with the Conversion Shares, and any other ordinary shares of the Company that may otherwise become issuable pursuant to the terms of the February 14, 2023 Debenture and Alpha Warrant, the “Underlying Shares”). The Alpha Warrant is exercisable in whole or in part, at any time on or after February 15, 2023 and before February 15, 2028. The exercise price of the Alpha Warrant was subject to an initial reset immediately prior to the Company’s filing of a proxy statement that included a stockholder proposal to approve the issuance of Underlying Shares in excess of 19.99% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares on the respective closing date (the “Stockholder Proposal”) to the lower of $105.00 and the average of the five Nasdaq Official Closing Prices immediately preceding such date the. As a result, the exercise price has been reset to $48.845, the average of the five Nasdaq Official Closing Prices immediately preceding April 14, 2023, the date the Company filed its preliminary proxy statement which included the Stockholder Proposal. The Alpha Warrant includes a beneficial ownership blocker of 9.99%. The Alpha Warrant provides for adjustments to the exercise price, in connection with stock dividends and splits, subsequent Sale of Business and rights offerings, pro rata distributions, and certain fundamental transactions.
In the event the Company, at any time while the Alpha Warrant is still outstanding, issues or grants any right to re-price, ordinary shares or any type of securities giving rights to obtain ordinary shares at a price below exercise price, Alpha shall be extended full-ratchet anti-dilution protection on the Alpha Warrant (reduction in price, only, no increase in number of Warrant Shares, and subject to customary Exempt Transaction issuances), and such reset shall not be limited by any floor price.
At the time of execution, the Company classified the Alpha Warrant as an equity contract and performed an initial fair value measurement. As the Alpha Warrant was issued with the sale of the February 14, 2023 debenture (the “Debenture”), the value assigned to the Alpha Warrant was based on an allocation of proceeds, subject to the allocation to the Debenture. The Company recorded a debt discount for the Alpha Warrant of $1,174,229, based on the Black Scholes option-pricing model which was calculated independently of the fair value of the Debenture, and recorded the Alpha Warrant as additional paid in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. Amortization of the debt discount amounted to $342,482 for the period ended December 31, 2023 and is included in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Alpha Warrant provides that in the event of a fundamental transaction, SharpLink, at Alpha’s option, would repurchase the Alpha Warrant from Alpha on the terms set forth in Section 3(e)(ii) of the warrant issued to Alpha to initially purchase 73,333 ordinary shares of SharpLink Israel (the “2023 Warrant”) (the “Warrant Repurchase”). On January 19, 2024, SharpLink and Alpha entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) whereby Alpha agreed to waive (i) the event of default under Section 3(e)(ii) of the Alpha Warrant in connection with the Sale of Business
Pursuant to Section 5(1) of the Alpha Warrant, Alpha further agreed to waive its right to elect that, in connection with and at the closing of the Sale of Business, the Alpha Warrant shall be repurchased by the Company as set forth in Section 3(e) of the 2023 Warrant. The Parties agreed in the Settlement Agreement that the Warrant Repurchase for its Black Scholes value shall take place upon the earlier of (a) June 30, 2024; (b) the Company raising a gross amount of not less than $3,000,000 whether by equity or debt; or (c) the Company entering into a “fundamental transaction” as defined in the 2023 Warrant. The parties further agree in the Settlement Agreement to fix the Black Scholes value of the 2023 Warrant for purposes of the Warrant Repurchase at $900,000.
On March 6, 2024, SharpLink entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with Alpha to change the Warrant Repurchase of $900,000. Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement, the Company agreed to exchange the 2023 Warrant for (i) 13,017 shares of Common Stock (the “Shares”), (ii)a pre-funded warrant in the amount of 39,130 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrant”) and (iii) the unexchanged balance of the 2023 Warrant Repurchase (the “Warrant Repurchase Balance”). The Warrant Repurchase Balance of 21,186 warrants are valued at $170,636 and shall be subject to the repurchase terms set forth in the Settlement Agreement. The Pre-Funded Warrant and the Warrant Repurchase Balance were valued using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. As part of this transaction, the Company recorded a deemed dividend of $44,619 as presented in the statement of stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
On June 30, 2024, SharpLink negotiated an Amendment to the Exchange Agreement (the “Amendment”) to reduce the strike price per warrant of the unexchanged balance of the 2023 Warrants Repurchase Balance from $48.85 to $0.0012 and to remove the re-purchase option. The modification to the Exchange Agreement was valued on June 29, 2024, the day before the modification, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recorded a fair value adjustment of $17,996 on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the second quarter of 2024 and removed the remaining accrued warrant liability of $152,386 through an adjustment to additional paid in capital.
On April 2, 2025, SharpLink entered into an exchange agreement (“2025 Exchange Agreement”) with Alpha, whereby, pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the 2025 Exchange Agreement and in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), 600 shares of the Company’s Series A-1 Preferred Stock and 1,040 shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Existing Securities”) held by Alpha were exchanged for 38,683 shares of SharpLink’s common stock (“Common Stock”) and 44,650 prefunded warrants to purchase shares of SharpLink’s common stock (“Alpha Prefunded Warrants”) at an exercise price of $0.012. With the exchange of Alpha’s Existing Securities for Common Stock and Alpha Prefunded Warrants, SharpLink no longer has any Series A-1 Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.
| II-1 |
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibits
| II-2 |
| II-3 |
| II-4 |
| II-5 |
| II-6 |
| * | Filed herewith |
| ** | Previously filed |
| † | Pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K, certain information contained in this has been redacted as indicated therein |
| †† | Annexes and schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally to the SEC a copy of any omitted annexes and schedules upon request. |
| + | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. |
(b) Financial Statement Schedules.
None.
Item 17. Undertakings
We hereby undertake:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”);
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (l)(ii) and (l)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) that is part of the registration statement.
| II-7 |
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness.
Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such first use.
(5) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 of the Securities Act; (ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; (iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(7) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, or persons controlling persons the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(8) that:
(a) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(b) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
| II-8 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, SharpLink Gaming, Inc. has duly caused this registration statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Minneapolis, State of Minnesota, on the 19th day of May, 2025.
| SharpLink Gaming, Inc. | ||
| By: | /s/Rob Phythian | |
| Name: | Rob Phythian | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signatures | Title | Date | ||
| /s/Rob Phythian | Chief Executive Officer and Director | May 19, 2025 | ||
| Rob Phythian | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| * | Chief Financial Officer | May 19, 2025 | ||
| Robert DeLucia | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
| * | Director | May 19, 2025 | ||
| Leslie Bernhard | ||||
| * | Director | May 19, 2025 | ||
| Robert Gutkowski | ||||
| * | Director | May 19, 2025 | ||
| Obie McKenzie |
| *By: | /s/ Rob Phythian | |
| Rob Phythian | ||
| Attorney-in-fact |
| II-9 |
Exhibit 1.1
[_], 2025
SharpLink Gaming Inc.
333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55401
Dear Mr. Phythian:
Subject to the terms and conditions of this letter agreement (the “Agreement”) between A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Placement Agent”), as the sole placement agent, and SharpLink Gaming, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), the parties hereby agree that the Placement Agent shall serve as the exclusive placement agent for the Company, on a “reasonable best efforts” basis, in connection with the proposed placement (the “Placement”) of: (i) shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (the “Common Shares”); and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase Common Shares (the “Pre-Funded Warrants” or the “Warrants”, and collectively with the Common Shares, the “Securities”). The Securities actually placed by the Placement Agent are referred to herein as the “Placement Agent Securities.” The Placement Agent Securities and Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants shall be offered and sold under the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-286964), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on [_], 2025. The terms of the Placement shall be mutually agreed upon by the Company and the purchasers (each, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”), and nothing herein constitutes that the Placement Agent would have the power or authority to bind the Company or any Purchaser, or an obligation for the Company to issue any securities or complete the Placement. The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that Placement Agent’s obligations hereunder are on a reasonable best efforts basis only and that the execution of this Agreement does not constitute a commitment by the Placement Agent to purchase any securities and does not ensure the successful placement of the Placement Agent Securities or any portion thereof or the success of the Placement Agent with respect to securing any other financing on behalf of the Company. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents or selected-dealers on its behalf in connection with the Placement. Certain affiliates of the Placement Agent may participate in the Placement by purchasing some of the Placement Agent Securities. The sale of Placement Agent Securities to any Purchaser will be evidenced by a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and such Purchaser, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company and the Purchaser. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Purchase Agreement. Prior to the signing of any Purchase Agreement, officers of the Company will be available to answer inquiries from prospective Purchasers.
SECTION 1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY; COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY.
A. Representations of the Company. With respect to the Placement Agent Securities, each of the representations and warranties (together with any related disclosure schedules thereto) and covenants made by the Company to the Purchasers in the Purchase Agreement in connection with the Placement, is hereby incorporated herein by reference into this Agreement (as though fully restated herein) and is, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date, hereby made to, and in favor of, the Placement Agent. In addition to the foregoing, the Company represents and warrants that there are no affiliations with any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) member firm participating in the Placement among the Company’s officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the Company, any five percent (5.0%) or greater securityholder of the Company, except as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
B. Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees to continue to retain (i) a firm of independent PCAOB registered public accountants for a period of at least two (2) years after the Closing Date and (ii) a reputable transfer agent with respect to the Common Shares for a period of two (2) years after the Closing Date, provided the Company is then subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In addition, from the date hereof until thirty (30) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Shares and Common Stock Equivalents, except that such restriction shall not apply with respect to an Exempt Issuance (as defined in the Purchase Agreement); provided, however, the Company will be permitted to issue securities pursuant the Sales Agreement entered into by the Company and the Placement Agent on May 1, 2024 (the “Sales Agreement”) and file any prospectus supplements related to the Sales Agreement, as well as enter into a new sales agreement with the Placement Agent (the “New Sales Agreement”), and file any such prospectus supplement or registration statement with the Commission in connection with such New Sales Agreement, as well as issue any securities pursuant to the New Sales Agreement.
SECTION 2. REPRESENTATIONS OF THE PLACEMENT AGENT. The Placement Agent represents and warrants that it is (i) a member in good standing of FINRA, (ii) registered as a broker/dealer under the Exchange Act, (iii) licensed as a broker/dealer under the laws of the United States of America, applicable to the offers and sales of the Placement Agent Securities by the Placement Agent, (iv) is a corporate body validly existing under the laws of its place of incorporation, and (v) has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Placement Agent will immediately notify the Company in writing of any change in its status with respect to subsections (i) through (v) above. The Placement Agent covenants that it will use its reasonable best efforts to conduct the Placement hereunder in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement and the requirements of applicable law.
SECTION 3. COMPENSATION. In consideration of the services to be provided for hereunder, the Company shall pay the Placement Agent and/or their respective designees a cash fee of 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised from the sale of the Placement Agent Securities and in consideration for the management services of the Placement Agent, the Company shall pay the Placement Agent and/or their respective designees a fee of 1.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised from the sale of the Placement Agent Securities. The Placement Agent reserves the right to reduce any item of compensation or adjust the terms thereof as specified herein in the event that a determination shall be made by FINRA to the effect that the Placement Agent’s aggregate compensation is in excess of FINRA Rules or that the terms thereof require adjustment.
SECTION 4. EXPENSES. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation: (i) all expenses incident to the issuance, delivery and qualification of the Placement Agent Securities (including all printing and engraving costs); (ii) all fees and expenses of the transfer agent; (iii) all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Placement Agent Securities; (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors in connection with the transaction; (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement; (vi) all filing fees, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Placement Agent Securities for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the securities laws of any other country; (vii) the fees and expenses associated with including the Placement Agent Securities on the Trading Market; (viii) up to $75,000 for accountable expenses related to legal fees of counsel to the Placement Agent; and (ix) non-accountable expenses, including IPREO software related expenses, background check expenses, tombstones and marketing related expenses, including road show expenses, and any other non-accountable expenses incurred by the Placement Agent in connection with the Placement, provided, however, that such reimbursement for non-accountable expenses shall not exceed $25,000. The Placement Agent reserves the right to reduce any item of compensation or adjust the terms thereof as specified herein in the event that a determination shall be made by FINRA to the effect that the Placement Agent’s aggregate compensation is in excess of FINRA Rules or that the terms thereof require adjustment.
SECTION 5. INDEMNIFICATION.
A. To the extent permitted by law, with respect to the Placement Agent Securities, the Company will indemnify the Placement Agent and their affiliates, shareholders, directors, officers, employees, members and controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) against all losses, claims, damages, expenses and liabilities, as the same are incurred (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel), relating to or arising out of its activities hereunder or pursuant to this Agreement, except to the extent that any losses, claims, damages, expenses or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) are found in a final judgment (not subject to appeal) by a court of law to have resulted primarily and directly from the Placement Agent’s willful misconduct or gross negligence in performing the services described herein.
B. Promptly after receipt by the Placement Agent of notice of any claim or the commencement of any action or proceeding with respect to which the Placement Agent is entitled to indemnity hereunder, the Placement Agent will notify the Company in writing of such claim or of the commencement of such action or proceeding, but failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any obligation it may have hereunder, except and only to the extent such failure results in the forfeiture by the Company of substantial rights and defenses. If the Company so elects or is requested by the Placement Agent, the Company will assume the defense of such action or proceeding and will employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent and will pay the fees and expenses of such counsel. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Placement Agent will be entitled to employ counsel separate from counsel for the Company and from any other party in such action if counsel for the Placement Agent reasonably determines that it would be inappropriate under the applicable rules of professional responsibility for the same counsel to represent both the Company and the Placement Agent. In such event, the reasonable fees and disbursements of no more than one such separate counsel will be paid by the Company, in addition to fees of local counsel. The Company will have the right to settle the claim or proceeding provided that the Company will not settle any such claim, action or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, which will not be unreasonably withheld. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any action effected without its written consent, which will not be unreasonably withheld.
C. The Company agrees to notify the Placement Agent promptly of the assertion against it or any other person of any claim or the commencement of any action or proceeding relating to a transaction contemplated by this Agreement.
D. If for any reason the foregoing indemnity is unavailable to the Placement Agent or insufficient to hold the Placement Agent harmless, then the Company shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Placement Agent as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other, but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any relevant equitable considerations. The amounts paid or payable by a party in respect of losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to above shall be deemed to include any legal or other fees and expenses incurred in defending any litigation, proceeding or other action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions hereof, the Placement Agent’s share of the liability hereunder shall not be in excess of the amount of fees actually received, or to be received, by the Placement Agent under this Agreement (excluding any amounts received as reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Placement Agent).
E. These indemnification provisions shall remain in full force and effect whether or not the transaction contemplated by this Agreement is completed and shall survive the termination of this Agreement and shall be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have to any indemnified party under this Agreement or otherwise.
SECTION 6. ENGAGEMENT TERM. The Placement Agent’s engagement hereunder will be until June 18, 2025. The date of termination of this Agreement is referred to herein as the “Termination Date.” In the event, however, in the course of the Placement Agent’s performance of due diligence it deems it necessary to terminate the engagement, the Placement Agent may do so prior to the Termination Date. The Company may elect to terminate the engagement hereunder for any reason prior to the Termination Date but will remain responsible for fees and expenses pursuant to Section 3 and Section 4 hereof and fees with respect to the Placement Agent Securities if sold in the Placement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning the Company’s obligation to pay any fees actually earned pursuant to Section 3 hereof, to pay expenses pursuant to Section 4 hereof, and the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and contribution contained herein will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement. If this Agreement is terminated prior to the completion of the Placement, all fees and expenses due to the Placement Agent shall be paid by the Company to the Placement Agent on or before the Termination Date (in the event such fees are earned or owed as of the Termination Date). The Placement Agent agrees not to use any confidential information concerning the Company provided to the Placement Agent by the Company for any purposes other than those contemplated under this Agreement.
SECTION 7. PLACEMENT AGENT INFORMATION. The Company agrees that any information or advice rendered by the Placement Agent in connection with this engagement is for the confidential use of the Company only in their evaluation of the Placement and, except as otherwise required by law, the Company will not disclose or otherwise refer to the advice or information in any manner without the Placement Agent’s prior written consent.
SECTION 8. NO FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP. This Agreement does not create, and shall not be construed as creating rights enforceable by any person or entity not a party hereto, except those entitled hereto by virtue of the indemnification provisions hereof. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent is not and shall not be construed as a fiduciary of the Company and shall have no duties or liabilities to the equity holders or the creditors of the Company or any other person by virtue of this Agreement or the retention of the Placement Agent hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived.
SECTION 9. CLOSING. The obligations of the Placement Agent, and the closing of the sale of the Placement Agent Securities hereunder are subject to the accuracy, when made and on the Closing Date, of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and in the Purchase Agreement, and to each of the following additional terms and conditions, except as otherwise disclosed to and acknowledged and waived by the Placement Agent:
A. All corporate proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form, execution, delivery and validity of each of this Agreement, the Placement Agent Securities, and all other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby with respect to the Placement Agent Securities shall be reasonably satisfactory in all material respects to the Placement Agent.
B. The Placement Agent shall have received from outside U.S. Counsel to the Company, including a written statement providing certain negative assurances, and such counsels’ written opinion with respect to the Placement Agent Securities, addressed to the Placement Agent and dated as of the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.
C. The Placement Agent shall have received customary certificates of the Company’s executive officers, as to the accuracy of the representations and warranties contained in the Purchase Agreement, and a certificate of the Company’s secretary certifying that the Company’s articles of association are true and complete, have not been modified and are in full force and effect; (ii) that the resolutions of the Company’s Board of Directors relating to the Placement are in full force and effect and have not been modified; and (iii) as to the incumbency of the officers of the Company.
D. The Placement Agent shall have received an executed FINRA questionnaire from each of the Company and the Company’s executive officers, directors and 10% or greater securityholders.
E. The Common Shares, including the Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants, must be registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the Closing Date, shall be listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the Trading Market or other applicable U.S. national exchange and satisfactory evidence of such action shall have been provided to the Placement Agent. The Company shall have taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of terminating the registration of the Common Shares under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Common Shares from the Trading Market or other applicable U.S. national exchange, nor has the Company received any information suggesting that the Commission or the Trading Market or other U.S. applicable national exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.
F. No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental agency or body which would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Placement Agent Securities or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; and no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued as of the Closing Date which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Placement Agent Securities or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.
G. The Company shall have entered into a Purchase Agreement with each of the Purchasers of the Placement Agent Securities and such agreements shall be in full force and effect and shall contain representations, warranties and covenants of the Company as agreed upon between the Company and the Purchasers.
H. FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements of this Agreement. In addition, the Company shall, if requested by the Placement Agent, make or authorize Placement Agent’s counsel to make on the Company’s behalf, any filing with the FINRA Corporate Financing Department pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 with respect to the Placement and pay all filing fees required in connection therewith.
I. On the date hereof, the Placement Agent shall have received, a letter from the auditors of the Company, addressed to the Placement Agent, dated as of the date hereof, and a bring-down “comfort letter” addressed to the Placement Agent on the Closing Date, each in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent. The letters shall not disclose any change in the condition (financial or other), earnings, operations or business of the Company, which, in the Placement Agent’s sole judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in the Placement Agent’s sole judgment, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Placement of the Securities. On the Closing Date, the Placement Agents shall have received from the auditors of the Company a “bring-down” comfort letter dated as of the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agents, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to this Section 9(I), except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to such Closing Date.
If any of the conditions specified in this Section 9 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, all obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder may be cancelled by the Placement Agent at, or at any time prior to, the Closing Date. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or orally. Any such oral notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.
SECTION 10. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely in such State. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Any right to trial by jury with respect to any dispute arising under this Agreement or any transaction or conduct in connection herewith is waived. Any dispute arising under this Agreement may be brought into the courts of the State of New York or into the Federal Court located in New York, New York and, by execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company hereby accepts for itself and in respect of its property, generally and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of aforesaid courts. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by delivering a copy thereof via overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Agreement, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorney’s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
SECTION 11. ENTIRE AGREEMENT/MISCELLANEOUS. This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, relating to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination will not affect such provision in any other respect or any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by both the Placement Agent and the Company. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the Closing Date of the Placement and delivery of the Placement Agent Securities. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or a .pdf format file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or .pdf signature page were an original thereof.
SECTION 12. NOTICES. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is sent to the email address specified on the signature pages attached hereto prior to 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a business day, (b) the next business day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is sent to the email address on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a business day or later than 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any business day, (c) the third business day following the date of mailing, if sent by a U.S. internationally recognized air courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages hereto.
SECTION 13. Press Announcements. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent shall, on and after the Closing Date, have the right to reference the Placement and the Placement Agent’s role in connection therewith in the Placement Agent’s marketing materials and on its website and to place advertisements in financial and other newspapers and journals, in each case at its own expense.
[The remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank.]
Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth our agreement by signing and returning to the Placement Agent the enclosed copy of this Agreement.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| A.G.P./ALLIANCE GLOBAL PARTNERS | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
Address for notice:
590 Madison Avenue 28th Floor
New York, New York 10022
Attn: Thomas Higgins
Email: thiggins@allianceg.com
Accepted and Agreed to as of the date first written above:
| SHARPLINK GAMING, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
Address for notice:
SharpLink Gaming, Inc.
333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55401
[Signature Page to Placement Agent Agreement.]
Exhibit 5.1
May 19, 2025
SharpLink Gaming, Inc.
333 Washington Avenue North, Suite 104
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for SharpLink Gaming, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of this registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) on the date hereof under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the related prospectus contained therein (the “Prospectus”). We are rendering this opinion in connection with the filing by the Company of the Registration Statement relating to the offer and sale by the Company (the “Offering”) of (i) common stock (the “Common Stock”), par value $0.0001 per share (the “Shares”), and (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrant Shares”, together with the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Securities”). The proposed maximum offering price of the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement is $4,500,000.
In connection with this opinion, we have examined the (i) the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as currently in effect, (ii) the Company’s Bylaws as currently in effect, (iii) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (iv) the form of securities purchase agreement to be entered into by and among the Company and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto, substantially in the form filed as Exhibit 10.57 to the Registration Statement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), (v) the form of pre-funded common stock purchase warrant to be entered into by and among the Company and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto, substantially in the form filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registration Statement (the “Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant”), and (vi) such corporate records, agreements, documents, and other instruments, and such certificates or comparable documents of public officials or of officers and representatives of the Company, as we have deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth.
In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed or photostatic copies, and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents. As to certain questions of fact material to this opinion, we have relied upon certificates or comparable documents of officers and representatives of the Company and have not sought to independently verify such facts.
Based on the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein, we are of the opinion that:
| 1. | The Shares, when duly issued and delivered pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable. | |
| 2. | The Pre-Funded Warrants, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company. | |
| 3. | The Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, when issued upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement and Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant, will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable. |
SharpLink Gaming, Inc.
May 19, 2025
Page 2
Our opinion expressed above is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (including reported judicial decisions interpreting the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware) and the laws of the State of New York, in each case as currently in effect, and we express no opinion as to the effect on the matters covered by this opinion of the laws of any other jurisdiction.
This opinion letter is expressly limited to the matters set forth above, and we render no opinion, whether by implication or otherwise, as to any other matters related to the Company, the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.
| Very truly yours, | |
| /s/ Thompson Hine LLP | |
| Thompson Hine LLP |
Exhibit 10.57
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of [_], 2025, between SharpLink Gaming, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:
ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Acquiring Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.
“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Auditor” means Cherry Bekaert LLP, with offices located at Charlotte 1111 Metropolitan Ave, Ste 900. Charlotte, NC 28204, an independent registered public accounting firm.
“BHCA” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(mm).
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally open for use by customers on such day.
“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount, and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the first (1st) Trading Day following the date hereof.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Company Counsel” means Thompson Hine LLP with offices located at 300 Madison Avenue, 27th Floor, New York, New York 10017-6232.
“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.
“Evaluation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of: (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, consultants, contractors, advisors, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan or arrangement duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, provided that issuances to consultants under this clause (a) shall be issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.12(a) herein; (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder, securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities; (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.12(a) herein, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its Subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; (d) securities issued pursuant to the Sales Agreement entered into by the Company and the Placement Agent on May 1, 2024 (the “Sales Agreement”) or any securities issued pursuant to a new sales agreement entered into by the Company and the Placement Agent; and (e) a private placement in excess of $50 million
“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).
“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).
“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 433 under the Securities Act.
“Legend Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).
“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
“Lock-Up Agreements” means the lock-up agreements, each dated as of the date hereof in substantially the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.
“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).
“Money Laundering Laws” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(nn).
“OFAC” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(kk).
“Per Share Purchase Price” equals $[_], subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date.
“Per Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price” means the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement Agency Agreement” means that certain Placement Agency Agreement by and between the Company and the Placement Agent, dated as of the date hereof.
“Placement Agent” means A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.
“Pre-Funded Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
“Pre-Funded Warrants” means, collectively, the pre-funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, in substantially the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.
“Preliminary Prospectus” means the preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time the Registration Statement is declared effective.
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus” means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement, including all information, documents and exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such Prospectus.
“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.
“Registration Statement” means the effective registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-[_]), filed with the Commission, including all information, documents and exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such registration statement, which registers the sale of the Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrant Shares to the Purchasers.
“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Securities” means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares purchased pursuant to this Agreement.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.
“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).
“Subscription Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares (or Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of Shares) purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth in the SEC Reports, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Lock-Up Agreements, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means Equiniti/American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Warrants” means the Pre-Funded Warrants.
“Warrant Shares” means the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.
ARTICLE II.
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing.
(a) On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, an aggregate of $[_] of Shares and Warrants. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount (together with such Purchaser’s Affiliates and any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser’s Affiliates) would cause such Purchaser’s beneficial ownership of the Common Stock to exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, such Purchaser may elect to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of the Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a). The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at Closing, 9.99%) of the number of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date. In each case, the election to receive Pre-Funded Warrants is solely at the option of the Purchaser. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) settlement with the Company or its designee. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares and Warrants as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a) and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of Placement Agent’s counsel or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via DVP (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Company). Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, the Warrants shall be issued to each Purchaser in originally signed form.
(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the “Pre-Settlement Period”), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of the Securities to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Securities”), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase, and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement Securities to such Purchaser at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Securities to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt of the Subscription Amount for such Pre-Settlement Securities hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any shares of Common Stock to any Person and that any such decision to sell any shares of Common Stock by such Purchaser shall solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Warrants) delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of this Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Closing Date and the Closing Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined in the Warrants) for purposes hereunder.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a) On or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii) a legal opinion of Company Counsel, directed to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and Purchasers;
(iii) the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;
(iv) subject to Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;
(v) if applicable, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the portion of such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount applicable to Pre-Funded Warrants divided by the Per Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein;
(vi) Lock-Up Agreements, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Placements Agents and the Purchasers, executed by each executive officer and director; and
(vii) the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
(b) On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and
(ii) such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company or its designee.
(c) At the time this Agreement is executed, the Placement Agent shall have received:
(i) from the Auditor a cold comfort letter containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ comfort letters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, addressed to the Placement Agent and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Placement Agent, dated as of the date of this Agreement; and
(ii) from the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, a certificate certifying as to certain financial matters set forth therein and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Placement Agent, dated as of the date of this Agreement.
(d) On the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received:
(i) from the Auditor a letter, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the Auditor reaffirms the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to Section 2.2(c)(i)); and
(ii) from the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the Chief Financial Officer of the Company reaffirms the statements made in the certificate furnished pursuant to Section 2.2(c)(ii).
2.3 Closing Conditions.
(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date);
(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and
(iii) the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b) The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date);
(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
(iii) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;
(iv) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and
(v) from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred after the date of this Agreement any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.
ARTICLE III.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:
(a) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no Subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.
(b) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”); provided that a change in the market price or trading volume of the Common Stock alone shall not be deemed, in and of itself, to constitute a Material Adverse Effect. No Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
(c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (iii) the notice and/or application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
(f) Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrants are duly authorized and, when issued in accordance with this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares are duly authorized, and when issued against the payment of any applicable exercise price in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which Registration Statement was declared effective on [_], including the Preliminary Prospectus, Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Shares and the Warrants are being issued pursuant to the Registration Statement, and the offer and sale of the Shares and the Warrants pursuant to this Agreement has been registered by the Company under the Securities Act. Upon receipt of the Shares and the Warrants, the Purchaser will have good and marketable title to such Shares and Warrants and such Shares and Warrants will be immediately freely tradable.
Any “issuer free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) relating to the Securities is hereafter referred to as an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”. Any reference herein to the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein as of the date of filing thereof; and any reference herein to any “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to any of the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include (i) the filing of any document with the Commission incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference after the date of filing of such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus and (ii) any such document so filed.
(g) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth in the SEC Reports, including the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities and as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Except for the Required Approvals, no further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
(h) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. In addition, any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference to the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.
(i) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth in the SEC Reports, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth in the SEC Reports, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one (1) Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.
(j) Litigation. There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(k) Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(l) Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case of clauses (i) through (iii), such as could not, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(n) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.
(o) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance, except where the failure to be in compliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any facts that would preclude it from having valid license rights or clear title to the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company has no knowledge that it lacks or will be unable to obtain any rights or licenses to use all Intellectual Property Rights that are necessary to conduct its business.
(q) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(r) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
(s) Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in material compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(t) Certain Fees. Except for fees payable by the Company to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(u) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(v) Registration Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(w) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in material compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.
(x) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.
(y) Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.
(z) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act which would require the registration of the Warrants or the Warrant Shares under the Securities Act, or (ii) any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
(aa) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one (1) year from the Closing Date. All outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments is set forth in the SEC Reports. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.
(bb) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local and all foreign tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.
(cc) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.
(dd) Accountants. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is Cherry Bekaert LLP. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act, and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.
(ee) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.
(ff) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities (in compliance with applicable laws) at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.
(gg) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement.
(hh) [Reserved.]
(ii) Cybersecurity. (i) To the Company’s knowledge, in the three (3) years before the date of this Agreement, there has been no unauthorized access, acquisition, or loss or disclosure of security breach or other compromise of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s information in the possession or control of the company or any Subsidiary; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all (x) information in their possession or control and (y) their software, computer systems, and networks (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”); and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology for the IT Systems and Data consistent with commercially reasonable industry standards and practices.
(jj) Stock Option Plans. Each stock option or other equity award granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan, or as an inducement grant outside of a stock option plan, was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option or other equity award granted under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options or other equity award prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.
(kk) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or Affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).
(ll) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.
(mm) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(nn) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
(oo) Other Covered Persons. Other than the Placement Agent and a fee that may be payable in connection with purchases by certain parties referenced in the Placement Agent Agreement, the Company is not aware of any Person that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.
3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):
(a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(b) Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. Such Purchaser understands that the Warrants and the Warrant Shares are “restricted securities” and have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring such Securities as principal for his, her or its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell such Securities pursuant to a registration statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).
(c) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.
(d) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
(e) Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate of the Placement Agent may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither of the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.
(f) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
ARTICLE IV.
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Legends. The Shares and, if all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares, shall be issued free of all restrictive legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the initial sale by the Company of the Shares, the Warrants or the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the initial sale by the Company of the Shares, the Warrants or the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Shares, the Warrants or the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance of the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants.
4.2 Furnishing of Information; Public Information.
(a) Until the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities, or (ii) the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.
(b) [Reserved.]
4.3 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.
4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law or the rules of any Trading Market, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of the final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure.
4.5 Stockholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.
4.6 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed in writing with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously with the delivery of such notice file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
4.7 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices or debt outstanding as of the date hereof in accordance with the terms in effect as of the date hereof), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.
4.8 Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents, (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity (including a Purchaser Party’s status as an investor), or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by the Company or any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, arising out of or relating to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, or (c) in connection with any registration statement of the Company providing for the resale by the Purchasers of the Warrant Shares issued and issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the Company will indemnify each Purchaser Party, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees) and expenses, as incurred, arising out of or relating to (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in such registration statement, any prospectus or any form of prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any prospectus or supplement thereto, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statements or omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Purchaser Party furnished in writing to the Company by such Purchaser Party expressly for use therein, or (ii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder in connection therewith. For the avoidance of doubt, the indemnification provided herein is intended to, and shall also cover, direct claims brought by the Company against the Purchaser Parties; provided, however, that such indemnification shall not cover any loss, claim, damage or liability to the extent it is finally judicially determined to be attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in any Transaction Document or any conduct by a Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct. If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and, except with respect to direct claims brought by the Company, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel to the applicable Purchaser Party (which may be internal counsel), a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. In addition, if any Purchaser Party takes actions to collect amounts due under any Transaction Documents or to enforce the provisions of any Transaction Documents, then the Company shall pay the costs incurred by such Purchaser Party for such collection, enforcement or action, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and disbursements. The indemnification and other payment obligations required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation, defense, collection, enforcement or action, as and when bills are received or are incurred; provided, that if any Purchaser Party is finally judicially determined not to be entitled to indemnification or payment under this Section 4.8, such Purchaser Party shall promptly reimburse the Company for any payments that are advanced under this sentence. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.
4.9 Reservation of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.
4.10 Listing of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market as soon as reasonably practicable. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all material respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.
4.11 [Reserved.]
4.12 Subsequent Equity Sales.
(a) From the date hereof until thirty (30) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii) file any registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto, other than (y) the Prospectus, or (z) a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan; provided, however, the Company will be permitted to file any prospectus supplements related to the Sales Agreement, as well as enter into a new sales agreement with the Placement Agent (the “New Sales Agreement”), and file any such prospectus supplement or registration statement with the Commission in connection with such New Sales Agreement.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance.
4.13 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.
4.14 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction (other than as disclosed to its legal and other representatives). Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates, or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.
4.15 Capital Changes. Until the one (1) year anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the Shares, provided that no consent shall be required in the event the Company undertakes a reverse stock split for purposes of maintaining the listing of the Common Stock on the Trading Market.
4.16 Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.
4.17 Lock-Up Agreements. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, except to extend the term of the lock-up period and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement in accordance with its terms. If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.
ARTICLE V.
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).
5.2 Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.
5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.
5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.
5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least fifty and one tenth percent (50.1%) in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of at least fifty and one tenth percent (50.1%) in interest of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.
5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.
5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”
5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.
5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.
5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities for a period of not longer than five (5) years from the Closing.
5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).
5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.
5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
5.17 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through the legal counsel of the Placement Agent. The legal counsel of the Placement Agent does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.
5.18 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.
5.19 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
5.20 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.21 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
| SharpLink Gaming, Inc. | Address for Notice: | ||
| By: | E-Mail: | ||
| Name: | |||
| Title: | |||
With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
Name of Purchaser: ______________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser: _________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________
E-mail Address of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________
Address for Notice to Purchaser:
Address for Delivery of Securities to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):
Subscription Amount: $_________________
Shares: _________________
Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: ___________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker ☐ 4.99% or ☐ 9.99%
EIN Number: ____________________
☐ Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur on the first (1st) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.
Exhibit A
Form of Lock-Up Agreement
Exhibit B
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 of our report dated March 14, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements of SharpLink Gaming, Inc and Subsidiaries (the “Company”), appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.
/s/ Cherry Bekaert LLP
Raleigh, North Carolina
May 19, 2025