Silicon Motion Technology CORP 20-F for FY2022
Silicon Motion Technology CORP (SIMO)
About this 20-F
Silicon Motion Technology CORP filed this 20-F on April 28, 2023, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (FY2022).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $945.92M
- up 2.6% from $922.1M a year earlier
- Net income
- $172.51M
- down 13.7% from net income of $200M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $1.29
- down 9.8% from $1.43 a year earlier
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
four ordinary shares |
* |
Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market of American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, each representing four ordinary shares. |
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||
Non-accelerated filer |
☐ | Emerging growth company |
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ |
Other ☐ |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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EXPLANATORY NOTE
Unless otherwise indicated, references in this annual report to:
| • | “ADRs” are to the American depositary receipts that evidence our ADSs; |
| • | “ADSs” are to our American depositary shares, each of which represents four of our ordinary shares; |
| • | “CAGR” is to compound annual growth rate; |
| • | “China” or “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau; |
| • | “Korea” is to the Republic of Korea, or South Korea; |
| • | “Nasdaq” is to the Nasdaq Global Select Stock Market; |
| • | “NT dollar,” “NT dollars” or “NT$” are to New Taiwan dollars, the legal currency of Taiwan; |
| • | “ROC” or “Taiwan” are to the Republic of China, the official name of Taiwan; |
| • | “shares” or “ordinary shares” are to our ordinary shares, with a par value US$0.01 per share; |
| • | “U.S. GAAP” is to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States; |
| • | “U.S. dollar,” “U.S. dollars” or “US$” are to United States dollars, the legal currency of the United States; and |
| • | “we,” “us,” “our company,” the “Company,” “our,” “SMTC” and “Silicon Motion” are to Silicon Motion Technology Corporation and its subsidiaries. |
Silicon Motion, the Silicon Motion logo, NANDSustain, NANDXtend, SSDLifeGuard, SSDLifeSaver, TurboMLC, FerriSSD, Ferri-eMMC, Ferri-UFS, the powered by SiliconMotion logo, InstantView, MonTitan, the MonTitan logo, PerformaShape, NANDCommand, the Shannon Systems logo, PCIe-RAID, DIRECT-IO, Hyper-IO, Bigtera, the Bigtera logo, VirtualStor, CloudStor, and StorVisor are our trademarks or registered trademarks. We may also refer to trademarks of other corporations and organizations in this document.
Unless otherwise indicated, our financial information presented in this annual report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with MaxLinear, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (“MaxLinear”), and Shark Merger Sub, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the law of the Cayman Islands and a wholly owned subsidiary of MaxLinear (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement and the Merger (as defined below) have been unanimously approved by the boards of directors of the Company, MaxLinear and Merger Sub. The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will be merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”) in accordance with Part XVI of the Companies Act (2022 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, with the Company continuing as the surviving company and a wholly owned subsidiary of MaxLinear.
Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, the transaction consideration will consist of US$93.54 in cash and 0.388 shares of MaxLinear common stock for each ADS of the Company (other than ADSs representing certain customary excluded shares) and US$23.385 in cash and 0.097 shares of MaxLinear common stock for each ordinary share of the Company not represented by ADSs (other than certain customary excluded shares), in each case, with cash in lieu of any fractional shares of MaxLinear common stock as set forth in the Merger Agreement. Upon the closing of the Merger, the current MaxLinear stockholders are expected to own approximately 86% of the combined company and former security holders of the Company are expected to own approximately 14% of the combined company. Based on the closing price of MaxLinear shares on May 4, 2022,
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the implied value of the total transaction consideration for the Company is approximately $4.3 billion. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, MaxLinear will assume the Company’s vested and unvested employee stock-based compensation awards.
On July 13, 2022, MaxLinear’s registration statement on Form S-4, which registered shares of MaxLinear common stock to be issued in the Merger, was declared effective by the SEC. On July 13, 2022, we called for an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “EGM”) to approve the Merger Agreement, the Merger and all other transactions and arrangements contemplated by the Merger Agreement. On August 31, 2022, we held the EGM at which our shareholders approved (a) the Merger Agreement; (b) the plan of merger required to be filed with the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands; (c) the Merger itself, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement; and (d) all other transactions and arrangements contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
The Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including antitrust approval by the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”) in China. MaxLinear and the Company cannot predict with certainty the length of SAMR’s review, but expect a final determination by SAMR in the second or third quarter of 2023, or even later. On June 27, 2022, the waiting period under the United States Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”) expired with respect to the Merger. If the parties have not closed the Merger by June 27, 2023, they will need to re-file under the HSR Act.
Unless indicated otherwise by the context, the discussion in this annual report regarding our future business plans and activities does not take into account the effect of the consummation of the Merger, which is currently anticipated to be in either the second or third quarter of calendar year 2023, or even later. However, the exact timing of completion of the Merger cannot be predicted because the Merger continues to be subject to the closing conditions specified in the Merger Agreement which have not been satisfied, many of which are outside of our control.
For further information on the Merger Agreement and its conditions, as well as on the EGM, see our reports on Form 6-Ks, including our Proxy Statement on Form 6-K (the “Merger Proxy Statement,” and together, the “Merger-Related Materials”), filed with or furnished to the SEC on May 6, 2022, June 28, 2022, July 13, 2022, July 19, 2022, August 31, 2022 and September 1, 2022, respectively.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our financial position; our expectations concerning future operations, margins, profitability, liquidity and capital resources; our business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations; the expected timing of the closing of the Merger; the satisfaction or waiver of any conditions to the Merger; anticipated benefits, growth opportunities and other events relating to the Merger; and all other statements that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “thinks,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “predicts,” “potential,” and similar expressions. Although we believe that these statements are based on reasonable assumptions, they are subject to numerous factors, risks and uncertainties, including, but are not limited to, those identified under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F and the Merger Proxy Statement that could cause actual results and performance to be materially different from those projected. Given these factors, risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this filing. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
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PART I
| ITEM 1. | IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 2. | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 3. | KEY INFORMATION |
| A. | [Reserved] |
| B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness |
Not applicable
| C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not applicable
| D. | Risk Factors |
Our business, operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and the trading price of our ADSs could decline. These risk factors do not identify all risks that we face; our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. Due to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, our past financial results may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. The following factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by us in filings with the SEC, press releases, communications with investors and oral statements. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Form 20-F, including in the Financial Statements.
Below is a summary of the principal risks we face, followed by a more detailed description of the risk factors being set forth in summary fashion.
Risks Related to the Merger
| • | The Merger may not be completed, due to the failure of the parties to achieve the closing conditions or otherwise; such a failure could negatively impact the price of our ADSs, our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
| • | The fact that there is a Merger pending could materially impact our business and results of operations. |
| • | Some of our directors and officers may have interests that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of our shareholders. |
| • | The restrictions on our ability to solicit or engage in negotiations with respect to other potential acquisition proposals may discourage other potential transactions that may be favorable to our shareholders. |
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| • | If the Merger is not consummated by the outside date set forth in the Merger Agreement (as it may be extended in accordance with the Merger Agreement (the “Outside Date”)), either we or MaxLinear may, under certain circumstances that may be beyond our control, choose not to proceed with the Merger. |
| • | Our shareholders could file claims challenging the Merger, which may delay or prevent the closing of the Merger and may cause us to incur substantial defense or settlement costs, or otherwise adversely affect us. |
Risks Related to our Business
| • | Our results of operations are subject to substantial quarterly and annual fluctuations due to a number of factors that could adversely affect our business and the price of our ADSs. |
| • | We are subject to the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, which has been subject to significant fluctuations. |
| • | Inflation and inflationary pressures could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. |
| • | We are subject to order and shipment uncertainties and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand. |
| • | The demand for our products depends in part on the market conditions in the industries into which they are sold. Fluctuations in demand for our products or a market decline in any of these industries could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. |
| • | The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. |
| • | We may pursue acquisitions, investments and dispositions, which could adversely affect our results of operations. |
| • | We depend on a few large customers for a significant portion of our revenues and a loss of some of these customers would result in the loss of a significant portion of our revenues. |
| • | NAND industry cyclicality could adversely affect our growth and profitability. |
| • | If we fail to accurately anticipate and respond to market trends or fail to develop and introduce new or enhanced products to address these trends on a timely basis, our ability to attract and retain customers could be impaired and our competitive position could be harmed. |
| • | Our gross margin and results of operations may be adversely affected in the future by a number of factors, including decreases in average selling prices of products over time, increased raw material costs and shifts in our product mix. |
| • | Our SSD solutions product performance could continue to adversely affect our results of operations. |
| • | The loss of any of our key personnel or the failure to attract or retain specialized technical or management personnel could impair our ability to grow our business. |
| • | We rely on independent semiconductor foundries and subcontractors for the fabrication, assembly and testing of our integrated circuits, and any limitation of their available capacity to us or failure to fulfill our orders satisfactorily could damage our relationships with our customers, decrease our sales or limit our ability to grow our business. |
| • | Failure to protect our intellectual properties or maintain the rights to certain other technologies may negatively impact our ability to compete. |
| • | Failure to successfully defend against intellectual property lawsuits brought against us may adversely affect our business. |
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| • | Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive and many of our competitors have greater resources than we have, we cannot be certain that our products will compete favorably in the marketplace. |
| • | Our products must meet exacting specifications and undetected defects and failures may occur, which may cause customers to return or stop buying our products and may expose us to product liability risk and risks of indemnification against defects in our products. |
| • | Our intellectual property indemnification practices may adversely impact our business. |
| • | We are exposed to potential impairment on investments. |
| • | Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and the market price of our ADSs. |
| • | We are subject to cybersecurity risks. |
| • | Our business is subject to various governmental regulations, and compliance with these regulations may cause us to incur significant expense. |
| • | Our stock price has been, and may continue to be, volatile, which could result in investors losing all or part of their investments. |
| • | There can be no assurance that we will declare cash dividends in the future in any particular amounts or at all. |
| • | If we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company, U.S. holders of our ADSs may experience adverse tax consequences. |
| • | Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted by the political and economic conditions of the countries in which we conduct business and operate. |
| • | We operate primarily in regions that are susceptible to natural disasters. |
| • | We face substantial risks associated with doing business in Taiwan because of tense regional geopolitical risk with China. |
| • | The enactment of legislation implementing changes in the taxation of international business activities, the adoption of other tax reform policies or changes in tax legislation or policies could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. |
| • | We are subject to risks associated with the development and construction of our office buildings. |
Risks Related to the Merger
The Merger may not be completed, due to the failure of the parties to achieve the closing conditions or otherwise; such a failure could negatively impact the price of our ADSs, our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions described in the Merger Agreement, including, among others:
| • | approval by Nasdaq of the listing of the shares of MaxLinear common stock to be issued in the Merger; |
| • | the absence of certain orders that restrain, enjoin or prohibit the consummation of the Merger; |
| • | the expiration or termination of the applicable HSR Act waiting period and the receipt of clearance from SAMR; |
| • | subject to specified exceptions and qualifications for de minimis inaccuracies, materiality and material adverse effect, the accuracy of the representations and warranties with respect to the Company, |
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| MaxLinear and Merger Sub, except to the extent any such inaccuracy would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company or MaxLinear; |
| • | compliance in all material respects by the Company, MaxLinear and Merger Sub with their respective covenants and agreements contained in the Merger Agreement; and |
| • | the absence of a continuing material adverse effect on the Company since the date of the Merger Agreement. |
Although the currently applicable HSR Act waiting period has expired, if the parties have not closed the Merger by June 27, 2023, they will need to re-file under the HSR Act. In addition, no assurance can be given that each of the other conditions will be satisfied. The Merger Agreement may also be terminated under the circumstances described in the Merger Proxy Statement. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived in a timely manner and the merger is delayed, payment of the transaction consideration will also be delayed. See “Explanatory Note”.
If the Merger is not completed (including in the case the Merger Agreement is terminated), our ongoing business may be adversely affected. Under such a scenario, our directors, senior management and other employees will have expended extensive time and effort and will have experienced significant distractions from their work, and we will have incurred significant transaction costs, during the pendency of a failed transaction. In addition, our continuing business relationships with business partners and employees, and the market’s perceptions of our prospects, could be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse impact on the trading price of our ADSs.
We also could be subject to litigation related to any failure to complete the Merger. If these risks materialize, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The fact that there is a Merger pending could materially impact our business and results of operations.
While the Merger is pending, we are subject to a number of risks that may harm our business and results of operations, including:
| • | the diversion of management and employee attention from implementing growth strategies in existing markets or in new markets that we are targeting; |
| • | potential diversion of public attention from the positioning of our independent brand and products in a manner that appeals to customers; |
| • | the fact that we will continue to incur expenses related to the Merger prior to its closing; |
| • | our potential inability to respond effectively to competitive pressures, industry developments and future opportunities, in particular, given certain restrictions on the conduct of our business during the interim period between signing and closing of the Merger due to pre-closing covenants in the Merger Agreement; |
| • | being subject to costly litigation associated with the Merger; and |
| • | our current and prospective employees may be uncertain about their future roles and relationships with us following completion of the Merger, which may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel. |
Some of our directors and officers may have interests that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of our shareholders.
Certain of the Company’s officers and directors may have interests in the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement that may be different from, or in addition to, those of the Company’s other shareholders,
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which interests are described in the Merger Proxy Statement. These interests include, among other things, the rights to accelerated vesting of equity awards, the indemnification and insurance and certain payments and benefits provisions contained in or permitted by the Merger Agreement.
The restrictions on our ability to solicit or engage in negotiations with respect to other potential acquisition proposals may discourage other potential transactions that may be favorable to our shareholders.
Until the Merger is completed or the Merger Agreement is terminated, the Merger Agreement generally prohibits us from soliciting, encouraging or engaging in negotiations with respect to acquisition proposals or other business combinations.
If the Merger is not consummated by the Outside Date, either we or MaxLinear may, under certain circumstances that may be beyond our control, choose not to proceed with the Merger.
The Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions described in the Merger Proxy Statement and set forth in the Merger Agreement. The fulfillment of certain of these conditions is beyond our control, such as, (1) approval by Nasdaq of the listing of the shares of MaxLinear common stock to be issued in the Merger, (2) the absence of certain orders that restrain, enjoin or prohibit the consummation of the Merger, (3) the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period under the HSR Act and (4) the receipt of clearance SAMR. If the Merger has not been completed by the Outside Date, either the Company or MaxLinear may generally terminate the Merger Agreement, notwithstanding the prior receipt of the approval of the Merger by the Company’s shareholders, except that the right to terminate the Merger Agreement would not be available to a party that is in material breach of the Merger Agreement or whose actions or omissions, which constitute a breach of the Merger Agreement, are a principal cause of, or primarily result in, the failure of the Merger to be completed on or before that date.
Our shareholders could file claims challenging the Merger, which may delay or prevent the closing of the Merger and may cause us to incur substantial defense or settlement costs, or otherwise adversely affect us.
Our shareholders may file lawsuits challenging the Merger. The outcome of any claim and / or litigation is uncertain. Such litigation, if not resolved, could prevent or delay completion of the Merger and result in substantial costs to the Company, including any costs associated with the indemnification of directors and officers. One of the conditions to the closing of the Merger is the absence of any provision of applicable law or order by any governmental entity that has the effect of restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the Merger. Therefore, if a plaintiff were successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting the consummation of the Merger on the agreed-upon terms, then such injunction may prevent the Merger from being completed, or from being completed within the expected timeframe. The defense or settlement of any lawsuit or claim that remains unresolved at the time the Merger is completed may adversely affect the Company’s business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to our Business
Our results of operations are subject to substantial quarterly and annual fluctuations due to a number of factors that could adversely affect our business and the price of our ADSs.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. These fluctuations may occur on a quarterly and on an annual basis and are due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:
| • | business conditions, including downturns in market segments, such as the computing and mobile markets, in which we operate, or in global and regional economies; |
| • | the availability and pricing of third-party semiconductor foundry, assembly, packaging and testing services, including their yield, and related raw materials; |
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| • | significant reduction, changes in timing or cancellation of customer orders; |
| • | regional and global inflationary pressures; |
| • | changes in our customers’ sales outlook, purchasing patterns and inventory adjustments; |
| • | the loss of a design-win or key customer; |
| • | competitive and pricing pressures, including new product introductions and other actions taken by competitors; |
| • | availability and cost of NAND flash used in our and our customer’s products; |
| • | changes in our product mix, especially relating to the sales of our NAND flash controllers and SSD solutions, and their effect on our gross margin; |
| • | the unpredictable consequences of public health emergencies such as COVID-19, further discussed in the following Risk Factor, and natural or man-made disasters; |
| • | inventory impairment uncertainties relating to the effects of volatile NAND flash price and excess inventory; |
| • | our ability to develop, market and transition to volume production of new or enhanced products in a cost-effective and timely manner; |
| • | changes in the timing and number of tape-outs and other significant R&D expenses; |
| • | competitive pressure to attract, retain and motivate a highly skilled workforce, including R&D personnel; |
| • | intellectual property disputes; and |
| • | changes in our effective tax rate. |
These and other factors make it difficult for us to forecast and could materially adversely affect our quarterly or annual operating results. We could fail to achieve the operating targets that we have announced, such as revenue growth, gross margin, and operating margin. In addition, our operating results in the future may be below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which would likely cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. Any variations in our period-to-period performance may also cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any prior periods as a reliable indicator of our future operating performance.
We are subject to the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, which has been subject to significant fluctuations.
The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change, rapid product obsolescence and price erosion, evolving standards, short product life cycles and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. The industry has experienced significant fluctuations, often connected with, or in anticipation of, maturing product cycles and new product introductions of both semiconductor companies’ and their customers’ products and fluctuations in general economic conditions. Deteriorating general worldwide economic conditions, including reduced economic activity, concerns about credit and inflation, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits, decreased spending and similar adverse business conditions, would make it very difficult for our customers, our suppliers, and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities and could cause U.S. and foreign businesses to slow spending on our products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown or economic recovery. If the economy or markets in which we operate deteriorate, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would likely be materially and adversely affected.
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Downturns have been characterized by diminished product demand, production overcapacity, high inventory levels and accelerated erosion of average selling prices. Upturns have been characterized by increased product demand and production capacity constraints created by increased competition for access to third-party foundry, assembly and test capacity. We are dependent on the availability of such capacity to manufacture, assemble and test our products. Foundry, assembly and test capacity is currently limited due to a spike in semiconductor demand. None of our third-party foundry, assembly or test subcontractors have provided assurances that adequate capacity will be available to us.
Inflation and inflationary pressures could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Similar to most companies, we are exposed to risks from fluctuations in inflation. In particular, increasing or high inflation rates could adversely affect our business by increasing the cost of raw materials, energy, labor and transportation of goods. Current or future efforts by governments in locations where we operate to stimulate the economy may increase the risk of significant inflation. In the event of an increase in rates of inflation, we may seek to increase the sales prices of our solutions in order to maintain satisfactory profits. Such increases in prices may not be accepted by our customers and may not be sufficient to compensate us for the negative impact of inflation. Inflation might also reduce disposable income on a macro basis, eroding savings values, which could affect the demand for products that contain our solutions. If we are not able to offset the effects of increased inflation, it could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We are subject to order and shipment uncertainties and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand.
We have limited sales visibility as our customers typically do not provide us with firm, long-term purchase commitments. Additionally, our customers may also have limited sales visibility because of the rapidly changing nature of the global economy, NAND supply and demand dynamics and the markets in which devices using our products are sold.
Substantially all of our sales are made on a purchase order basis, which permits our customers to cancel, change or delay their product purchase commitments with little or no notice to us and often without penalty to them, which limits our ability to accurately forecast sales and maintain adequate inventory levels, manufacturing capacity and operating infrastructure requirements. Our customers, most of whom are NAND flash makers and module makers, face difficulties in predicting demand for their storage devices using our products, which could result in the procurement forecast provided to us changing at short notice. The majority of our customers are building storage devices such as SSDs used in PCs and other client devices and embedded MultiMediaCard (“eMMC”) and universal flash storage (“UFS”) mobile embedded storage used primarily in smartphones and other smart devices and are dependent on original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) of these devices accurately anticipating end-consumer demand, which has historically been difficult and subject to unpredictable deviations from past sales patterns. Also, since a significant portion of our quarterly sales, especially from module maker customers targeting channel markets, are from orders received and fulfilled in that quarter, our visibility as to expected orders from these customers in subsequent periods and for any extended period of time is limited. The multiple layers of forecasts from other customers and from their customers may introduce other errors into our estimates of anticipated sales.
To ensure the availability of our products for our customers, we generally instruct our foundries to begin manufacturing our products based on forecasts provided by these customers in advance of receiving purchase orders. However, these forecasts do not represent binding purchase commitments, and sales of our products are only recognized when they are shipped with ownership transferred to the customer. As a result, we incur inventory and manufacturing costs in advance of anticipated revenue. Because demand for our products may not materialize, manufacturing based on forecasts subjects us to risks of high inventory carrying costs and increased obsolescence and may increase our costs. If we overestimate customer demand for our products or if purchase
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orders are cancelled or shipments delayed, we may end up with excess or obsolete inventory, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial results. The risk of obsolescence and/or excess inventory is heightened for devices designed for consumer electronics due to short product lifecycles for these types of products. Conversely, if we underestimate demand or if insufficient manufacturing capacity is available, we may not have sufficient product inventory, which could lead to missed revenue opportunities, loss of market share, damages to our customer relationships and other harm to our business. In addition, any future significant cancellations or deferrals of product orders or the return of previously sold products could materially and adversely affect our profit margins, increase product obsolescence and restrict our ability to fund our operations.
Because many of our expenses are fixed in the short term or are incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any shortfall of sales, or expand our R&D and other operating infrastructure in a timely manner to capture anticipated business opportunities. If we expand our business operations and demand for our products does not increase as we may have projected, our operating results could be affected by our higher operating expense levels. Conversely, if we maintain or reduce our business operations and related expenses in accordance with our projections and demand for our products increases more than expected, our operating results could be affected by lost business opportunities, less competitive economies of scale, and damaged relationships with our customers.
The demand for our products depends in part on the market conditions in the industries into which they are sold. Fluctuations in demand for our products or a market decline in any of these industries could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Industry-wide fluctuations in the PC and smartphone markets could have a materially adverse effect on our operating results. A large portion of our controller sales are for the PC and smartphone markets, both of which are mature and have experienced flat-to-declining sales trends because of market saturation and longer replacement cycles. Changes in demand for devices have been more volatile during since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, with periods of strong demand and periods of weak demand. As the pandemic abates, there is no assurance that supply-demand volatility will also abate.
We have benefitted and should continue to benefit from technological changes in PCs and other client devices and in smartphones and tablets, such as the replacement of hard disk drives (“HDDs”) with SSDs in PCs and other client devices and the replacement of eMMC with UFS mobile embedded storage in smartphones and tablets. When a significant majority of PCs and client devices have adopted SSDs and smartphones and tablets have adopted UFS, we expect growth in demand for controllers for client SSDs and UFS will decelerate and stop. Smartphones and tablets have in recent years cannibalized the sale of PCs and it is possible smartphones and tablets could be replaced by other types of mobile computing and communications devices, and these changes could also lead to unfavorable demand for our products.
The market for storage devices using NAND flash components has experienced rapid technological changes, could be subject to industry consolidation and could face competition from new technologies. NAND flash technology will continue to evolve rapidly with continued cost reductions, which could lead to new types of solid state storage devices, new applications and new categories of customers and market segments where we could be comparatively disadvantaged. The market for solid state storage devices is relatively fragmented with many suppliers that include NAND flash makers, module makers and OEMs, and if the market were to consolidate, a trend experienced by other parts of the semiconductor and storage industries, we could face changing demand for our products, replacement of our products by those of our competitors or internal captive sources and reduced market opportunities. If solid state storage devices were to use other types of non-volatile memory technologies other than NAND flash and we do not have relevant and competitive controller technology, our addressable market for controllers could shrink.
The market for controllers is composed of the merchant market and captive market. We are an independent merchant supplier of controllers to NAND flash maker, module maker and OEM customers. All of the major
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NAND flash makers also have internal captive sources of controllers. The merchant market for controllers could shrink if the NAND flash makers were to expand their usage of captive sources of controllers. In the past, our operating results were negatively affected when NAND flash customers chose to insource controllers.
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business has been, and will continue to be, adversely impacted by the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The degree to which COVID-19, and variants of COVID-19, impacts our results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact including the ongoing roll out of vaccinations and vaccine boosters, other actions taken by governments, businesses and individuals in response to the virus and resulting economic disruption and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume in each geographic location we conduct business in. We are similarly unable to predict the extent of the impact of the pandemic on our customers and suppliers and their financial conditions, but a material effect on them could also materially adversely affect us.
The pandemic has resulted in governments imposing and businesses implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place, social distancing and shutdowns. These measures have impacted and may further impact our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers and suppliers, including third-party manufacturers and supply chain, and our ability to conduct business with both our customers and suppliers.
The pandemic has caused us to modify our business practices, including limiting or restricting employee travel, enforcing work-from-home and social distancing and canceling physical meetings, events, and conferences. We may take further actions as required by government authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and suppliers. Work-from-home and other measures introduce additional operational risks, including cybersecurity risks, and have affected the way we conduct our product development, validation and qualification, business development, sales and customer support, as well as other activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus, and illness and workforce disruptions could lead to unavailability of key personnel and harm our ability to perform critical functions.
The pandemic has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. It has caused a significant contraction in the global economy, and there is considerable uncertainty as to the severity and duration of the contraction and the timing and strength of an economic recovery. Given the continued and substantial economic uncertainty and volatility created by the pandemic, it is more difficult than normal to forecast demand for our products. In addition, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will be exacerbated the longer the pandemic continues and makes it challenging for us to estimate the future performance of our business.
While some governments have recently eased some of the restrictions put in place, the emergence of new variants could cause further restrictions to be put in place.
We may pursue acquisitions, investments and dispositions, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our growth strategy includes the acquisition of, and investment in, businesses that offer complementary products, services and technologies, augment our market coverage, or enhance our technological capabilities. Our past acquisitions include Shannon Systems in 2015 and Bigtera in 2017. Our investments include Kinara (previously known as Deep Vision, Inc.) in 2018, 2020 and 2021 and BIWIN Storage Technology Corp. (referred to herein as “BIWIN”) in 2021. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition or investment opportunities, or to consummate any such transactions. In addition, our original estimates and assumptions used in assessing
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any transaction may be inaccurate and we may not realize the expected financial or strategic benefits of any such transaction.
Any acquisition we may undertake involves risks and uncertainties, such as unexpected delays, challenges and related expenses, and the associated diversion of management’s attention. We may become subject to legal proceedings relating to the acquisition and the integration of acquired businesses may not be successful. The integration of an acquired business involves significant challenges, including, among others: potential disruption of our business, diversion of management’s attention from daily operations and the pursuit of other opportunities, incurring significant restructuring charges and amortization expense, assuming liabilities and ongoing lawsuits, potential impairment of acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, increasing our expenses and working capital requirements, and implementing our management information systems, operating systems and internal controls for the acquired operations. In addition, our due diligence process may fail to identify significant issues with the acquired company’s products, financial disclosures, accounting practices, legal, tax and other contingencies and compliance with local laws and regulations. These difficulties may be complicated by factors such as the size of the business or entity acquired, geographic and cultural differences, lack of experience operating in the industry or geographic markets of the acquired business, potential loss of key employees and customers, the potential for deficiencies in internal controls at the acquired or combined business, performance problems with the acquired business’ technology, exposure to unanticipated liabilities of the acquired business, insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses associated with the acquisition, adverse tax consequences and our potential inability to achieve the growth prospects or synergies expected from any such acquisition. Failure to manage and successfully integrate the acquisitions we make, or to improve sales and margins of the acquired businesses, could materially harm our business, operating results and margins.
Any future acquisitions we make may require debt or equity financing, which, in the case of debt financing, would increase our leverage and interest expenses, and in the case of equity financing, would be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Acquisitions made with cash would reduce our cash reserves.
From time to time, we may also seek to divest or wind down portions of our business, either acquired or otherwise, or we may exit investments, each of which could materially affect our cash flows and results of operations. In addition, any such disposition could result in disruptions to other parts of our business, potential loss of employees or customers, or exposure to unanticipated liabilities or ongoing obligations to us following any such disposition. For example, in connection with such disposition, we may enter into transition services agreements or agree to provide certain indemnities to the purchaser, which may result in additional expenses and may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on a few large customers for a significant portion of our revenues and a loss of some of these customers would result in the loss of a significant portion of our revenues.
We derived a substantial portion of our revenue from sales to a relatively small number of customers. As a result, the loss of any significant customer could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Sales to our five largest customers represented approximately 56%, 65% and 67% of our net revenue in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Sales to our significant customers represented 24%, 36% and 45% of our net revenue in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. In 2020, the significant customer was Micron. In 2021, the significant customers were Intel and Micron and in 2022, were Micron and SK Hynix. The identities of our largest customers and their respective contributions to our net revenue have varied and will likely continue to vary from period to period.
We expect that we will continue to depend on a relatively limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our net sales and our ability to maintain good relationships with these customers will be important to the ongoing success of our business. We cannot assure you that revenues generated from these customers, individually or in the aggregate, will reach or exceed historical levels in any future period. Our failure to meet the demands of these customers could lead to cancellation or reduction of businesses from these customers. In
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addition, any loss, cancellation or reduction of businesses from, significant change in scheduled deliveries to, or decrease in the prices of products sold to any of these customers could significantly reduce our revenues and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Moreover, any difficulty in collecting outstanding amounts due from our customers particularly customers who place large orders, would harm our financial performance. In addition, if our relationships with our largest customers are disrupted for any reason, it could have a significant impact on our business.
NAND industry cyclicality could adversely affect our growth and profitability.
The NAND industry is highly capital intensive and regularly experiences cycles of shortages and excess supply and related rapid increases and sharp decreases in NAND component prices. The price of solid state storage devices, such as SSDs and eMMC and UFS devices, in which NAND accounts for a significant portion of material cost, could also rise and fall with NAND component prices. Falling prices for solid state storage devices could trigger stronger market demand for these devices as well as controllers used in them, and conversely, rising prices for solid state storage devices could cause demand for these devices as well as controllers used in them to fall, which could negatively affect our sales and profitability.
Additionally, during periods of NAND shortage, our sales and profitability could be negatively affected in other ways, including, but are not limited to: (i) our module maker and OEM storage customers may not be able to procure sufficient supplies of NAND components, which could lead to reduced demand for our controllers; (ii) we may not be able to procure sufficient supplies of NAND components for our Shannon data center SSDs and Ferri industrial SSDs, which could lead to reduced sales of our SSD solutions, and furthermore, to higher cost of procured NAND components and reduced SSD solutions profitability; (iii) NAND manufacturers may divert NAND supply away from their own storage products that use our controllers towards other customers or products that do not use our controllers, and our sales could be reduced.
During periods of NAND excess supply when NAND prices are falling sharply, our sales and profitability could also be negatively affected, including, but are not limited to: (i) NAND manufacturers facing reduced demand for NAND components and storage devices may temporarily build NAND inventory instead of selling at lower prices, and this may cause a reduction in controller demand; (ii) module maker customers that are exposed to volatile NAND pricing conditions may temporarily become more cautious in procuring NAND components, which could lead to reduced levels of controller procurement and storage device production; (iii) OEMs may temporarily limit procurement of storage devices in expectation of procuring more at a later date and at a lower price, which could restrain storage device and associated controller procurement; and (iv) NAND vendor and module maker customers that are under margin pressure because of falling NAND prices may seek price concessions from their controller suppliers.
If we fail to accurately anticipate and respond to market trends or fail to develop and introduce new or enhanced products to address these trends on a timely basis, our ability to attract and retain customers could be impaired and our competitive position could be harmed.
Our success depends to a significant extent on the development, qualification, implementation and acceptance of new product designs and improvements that provide value to our customers. Our ability to develop, qualify and distribute, and have manufactured, new products and related technologies to meet evolving industry requirements, at prices acceptable to our customers and on a timely basis are significant factors in determining our competitiveness in our target markets. For example, for our products addressing the SSD market, we must successfully identify customer requirements and design, develop and produce products on time that compete effectively as to price, functionality and performance. We sell products in markets that are characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, smaller process geometries and other factors. We cannot assure you that our efforts to execute our product roadmap will result in innovative products and technologies that provide value to our customers. If we fail to or are delayed in developing, qualifying or shipping new products or technologies that provide value to our customers and address
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these new trends and adjust our business accordingly, we may lose competitive positioning, which could cause us to lose market share and require us to discount the selling prices of our products. Although we make substantial investments in research and development, we cannot be certain that we will be able to develop and successfully bring to market new products and technologies on a timely basis or that they will be well-received by our customers. Moreover, our investments in new products and technologies involve certain risks and uncertainties and could disrupt our ongoing business. New investments may not generate sufficient revenue, may incur unanticipated liabilities and may divert our limited resources and distract management from our current operations. We cannot be certain that our ongoing investments in new products and technologies will be successful, will meet our expectations and will not adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results.
We believe that our future success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new technologies and products for new applications to generate new sources of revenue to replace, or build upon, existing product revenue for applications that are mature or in secular decline. If we are not able to repeatedly introduce, in successive years, new products for new applications that ship in volume, our revenue will likely not grow and may decline significantly and rapidly. In the past, we were able to successfully grow our revenue by adding over time successive categories of new controller technologies for new applications, such as memory card and flash drive controllers for external storage, eMMC and UFS mobile embedded memory controllers for smartphones and SSD controllers for PCs and other client devices. If we are unable to successfully expand our sales of SSD controllers for data center and enterprise applications, our prospects for continued revenue growth could be adversely affected.
Our gross margin and results of operations may be adversely affected in the future by a number of factors, including decreases in average selling prices of products over time and shifts in our product mix.
Our gross margin is highly dependent on product mix, especially the mix of higher gross margin controller sales and lower gross margin SSD solutions sales. A shift in sales mix away from our higher margin products could adversely affect our gross profitability as a percentage of sales and could also adversely affect our operating profitability. The primary elements of our controller cost of sales are IC fabrication at our foundries, assembly and testing, and in contrast, the primary cost of sales of our SSD solutions, which are primarily our Shannon data center SSDs and Ferri industrial SSDs, is NAND flash components. Our SSD solutions gross margin is lower than our controller gross margin because these products are generally less differentiated and we have limited ability to mark-up the cost of NAND flash components that we procure.
The controllers we develop and sell are used for high volume applications and their average selling prices have historically decreased over time, and we believe that it is possible they may also fall in the future. We may experience period-to-period fluctuations in future operating results if our average selling prices decline. We may be forced to reduce the average unit price of our products in response to new product introductions by our competitors, competitive pricing pressures and other factors. Also, we often provide large customers with volume-related, price-discount incentives relating to their orders of specific products; if customer procurements that benefit from these incentives scale significantly, they could lead to downward pressure on our gross margins. The mobile and computing devices markets are extremely competitive, which may result in rapidly declining average selling prices of electronic devices and components, such as those made by us, and create downward pressure on our average selling prices and operating results. To maintain acceptable operating results, we will need to develop and introduce new products and product enhancements on a timely basis and continue to reduce our costs. If we are unable to offset any reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volumes or reducing corresponding production costs or if we fail to develop and introduce new products and enhancements on a timely basis, our sales and operating results will be materially and adversely affected.
We have changed our commercial arrangement with a few of our SSD solutions customers to a NAND consignment arrangement, where our customers procure and maintain ownership of the NAND flash components used in the SSD solutions that we design and build for them, and the gross margins of these types of sales are
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higher than the sales of products where we are responsible for procuring NAND flash components. We cannot assure you that in the future, we can increase the proportion of SSD solutions sales using a NAND consignment arrangement and if more sales are conducted using a NAND consignment arrangement, that it would lead to improvements in our operating results.
Our SSD solutions product performance could continue to adversely affect our results of operations.
We are primarily a fabless semiconductor company focused on NAND flash controllers and the sales of these controllers account for a significant majority of our overall sales. In addition, we also sell SSD solutions, mostly Ferri industrial SSDs and Shannon enterprise SSDs, but also Bigtera software-defined storage solutions and appliances. We introduced our Ferri products in 2011, acquired Shannon in 2015 for US$45.6 million, acquired Bigtera in 2017 for US$4.7 million and are developing our FlashGo all-flash array storage solution. Both our Shannon and Bigtera acquisitions have not met financial expectations to date, have been dilutive to our gross margins, operating margins and earnings per ADS, and led to US$16.0 million and US$17.5 million write-downs of Shannon goodwill and intangible assets in 2019 and 2020, respectively, US$4.1 million write-down of Bigtera goodwill and intangible assets in 2018. We cannot provide assurance that in the future, we will be able to sell our Shannon and Bigtera products profitably or if we will incur further write downs of inventories. If we are able to expand the sales of our SSD solutions, we cannot provide assurance that expanded sales of these products will not negatively affect our gross margin and operating margin, which could negatively affect the market price of our ADSs. Furthermore, even if we are able to sell our SSD solutions to customers profitably, our return on invested capital for SSD solutions will likely be materially lower than our corporate average primarily because of lower product profitability and higher investments, mainly for working capital necessary for financing NAND and other inventory, and this could negatively affect our overall financial return and the market price of our ADSs.
Our SSD solutions are modules, software and appliances, which are different from our primary controller products, which are integrated circuits and have different financial characteristics. Our SSD solutions gross margin is materially lower than our controller gross margin because these products are generally less differentiated and, in the case of our Ferri and Shannon SSDs, where NAND flash components are the majority of their cost of sales, we have limited ability to mark-up the cost of NAND flash components that we procure. We are also subject to NAND price volatility with our Ferri and Shannon SSDs; because of rapidly falling NAND prices, we wrote-down US$5.5 million of NAND components and SSDs in inventory in 2020, US$4.3 million in 2021 and US$8.1 million in 2022. With our Bigtera products, we have had issues with sales returns, with US$2.5 million in 2019. We cannot assure you that in the future our results of operations will not be negatively affected by further NAND component and SSD inventory write-downs and Bigtera sales returns.
The loss of any of our key personnel or the failure to attract or retain specialized technical or management personnel could impair our ability to grow our business.
We rely heavily on the services of our key employees, including Wallace C. Kou, our President and Chief Executive Officer. In addition, our engineers and other highly skilled personnel are a significant asset and are the source of our technological and product innovations. We believe our future success will depend upon our ability to attract and retain skilled managerial, engineering and sales and marketing personnel. The competition for such personnel, particularly engineering personnel, is intense in our industry. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of engineering personnel to support our anticipated growth. These personnel are required to design and develop integrated circuits, including firmware, and to introduce product enhancements for use in future applications. Despite the incentives we provide, our current employees may not continue to work for us, and if additional personnel were required for our operations, we may not be able to obtain the services of additional personnel necessary for our growth. In addition, we do not maintain “key person” life insurance for any of our senior executives or other key employees. The loss of any of our key employees or our inability to attract or retain qualified personnel, including engineers, could delay the development and introduction of, and have an adverse effect on our ability to sell, our products as well as have an adverse effect on our overall growth.
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In addition, if any other members of our senior management or any of our other key personnel depart, join a competitor or form a competing company, we may not be able to replace them easily and we may lose customers, business partners, key professionals and staff members. Substantially all of our senior executives and key personnel have entered into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements. In the event of a dispute between any of our senior executives or key personnel and our operating companies in Taiwan and other foreign countries, we cannot assure you the extent, if any, to which these provisions may be enforceable in Taiwan or other foreign countries due to the constantly evolving nature of their respective legal systems.
We rely on independent semiconductor foundries and subcontractors for the fabrication, assembly and testing of our integrated circuits, and any limitation of their available capacity to us or failure to fulfill our orders satisfactorily could damage our relationships with our customers, decrease our sales or limit our ability to grow our business.
We do not own or operate semiconductor fabrication facilities. Instead, we rely on third parties to manufacture our semiconductors. Two outside foundries, primarily Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (“TSMC”) and secondarily Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (“SMIC”) fabricate our semiconductors. As a result, we face several significant risks, including wafer cost, availability of wafers and other raw materials, manufacturing capacity, quality assurance, manufacturing yields and production costs, control over delivery schedules and product quality, control of our intellectual property, labor availability or strikes and actions taken by third party contractors that breach our agreements.
The ability of each foundry to provide us with semiconductors is limited by its available capacity and access to wafers, and the ability of each subcontractor to assemble and test our products is limited by available capacity and access to substrates and other raw materials. We do not have long-term agreements with any of these foundries and subcontractors and we place our orders based on our customers’ purchase orders and sales forecasts. However, the foundries and subcontractors can allocate capacity to the fabrication, assembly and testing of the products of their other customers and reduce deliveries to us on short notice or increase the price they charge us. It is possible that other foundry and subcontractor customers that are larger and better financed than we are, or have long-term agreements with these foundries and subcontractors, may induce these foundries and subcontractors to reallocate capacity to them which could impair our ability to secure manufacturing, assembly and testing capacity that we need for our products. Other factors that could materially adversely affect our business and results of operation include, but are not limited to, our foundries and subcontractors being unable to secure the necessary raw materials from their suppliers, experience power outages, lack sufficient capacity to manufacture our products or suffer other disruption or reduction in efficiency. If our foundries fail to deliver fabricated silicon wafers of satisfactory quality in the volume and at the price we require, or if our assembly and testing subcontractors fail to efficiently and accurately assemble and test our products, we will be unable to meet our customers’ demand for our products or to sell those products at an acceptable profit margin, which would have a material and adverse effect on our sales and margins and damage our customer relationships.
In addition, interruptions to the wafer manufacturing processes caused by a natural disaster or human error could result in partial or complete disruption in supply until manufacturing is re-started or we are able to shift manufacturing to another fabrication facility. It may not be possible to obtain sufficient capacity or comparable production costs at another foundry. Migrating our design methodology to a new third-party foundry could involve increased costs, resources and development time comparable to a new product development effort. Any reduction in the supply of semiconductors for our products could significantly delay our ability to ship our products and potentially have negative effects on our relationships with existing customers and our results of operations. In addition, if our subcontractors terminate their relationships with us, we would be required to qualify new subcontractors, which could take at least six months, resulting in unforeseen operating problems, and our operating results may be materially and adversely affected.
The manufacture of semiconductors is a highly complex process. Minor deviations in the manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yield. In some situations, such deviations may cause production to be
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suspended. The foundries that manufacture our semiconductors have from time to time experienced lower than anticipated manufacturing yields, including yields for our semiconductors, typically during the production of new products or architectures or during the installation and start-up and ramp-up of new process technologies or equipment. If the foundries that manufacture our semiconductors do not achieve planned yields, our product costs could increase and product availability would decrease.
After the wafer fabrication processes, our wafers are shipped to our assembly and testing subcontractors. We have a system to maximize consistent product quality, reliability and yield that involves our quality assurance team working closely with subcontractors in the various phases of the assembly and testing processes. Our supplier quality management includes procedures such as processes to pre-qualify our manufacturing suppliers and subcontractors. If our subcontractors do not achieve planned product quality, reliability and yield during the assembly and testing processes, our product cost could increase, product availability could decrease, or our customers may not accept products manufactured for them.
Failure to protect our intellectual properties or maintain the right to certain other technologies may negatively impact our ability to compete.
We believe that the protection of our intellectual property rights and continued access to certain third-party technology are and will continue to be important to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We also enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, business partners and other third parties, and have implemented procedures to control access to and distribution of our documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these efforts, we cannot assure you that these measures will provide meaningful protection of our intellectual property rights. Further, these agreements do not prevent others from independently developing technologies that are equivalent to or superior to our technology. In addition, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our technology is difficult and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries such as Taiwan and China where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. In addition, if the foundries that manufacture our semiconductors lose control of our intellectual property, it could be more difficult for us to take remedial measures because our foundries are located in countries that do not have the same protection for intellectual property that is provided in the United States. Also, some of our contracts, including license agreements, are subject to termination upon certain types of change-of-control transactions.
As of March 31, 2023, we have 2,490 patents and 1,203 pending applications worldwide. We cannot be certain that patents will be issued as a result of our pending applications nor can we be certain that any issued patents would protect or benefit us or give us adequate protection from competing products. For example, issued patents may be circumvented or challenged and declared invalid or unenforceable or provide only limited protection for our technologies. We also cannot be certain that others will not design around our patented technology, independently develop our unpatented proprietary technology or develop effective competing technologies on their own.
Failure to successfully defend against intellectual property lawsuits brought against us may adversely affect our business.
Companies in and related to the semiconductor industry often aggressively protect and pursue their intellectual property rights. From time to time, we have received, and may continue to receive, notices that claim we have infringed upon, misappropriated or misused other parties’ proprietary rights. Moreover, in the past we have been involved in litigation with parties that claimed that we infringed their patents or misappropriated or misused their trade secrets. In addition, we or our customers may be sued by other parties that claim that our products have infringed their patents or misappropriated or misused their trade secrets, or that may seek to invalidate one or more of our patents. An adverse determination in any of these types of disputes could prevent
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us from manufacturing or selling some of our products, increase our costs of revenue and expose us to significant liability. Any of these claims may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, in a patent or trade secret action, a court could issue a preliminary or permanent injunction that would require us or our customer(s) to withdraw or recall certain products from the market or redesign certain products offered for sales or under development. We may also be liable for damages for past infringement and royalties for future use of certain technologies. See “Item 8. Legal Proceedings” below.
In addition, any litigation to defend ourselves against claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, could, regardless of the ultimate outcome, materially and adversely affect our operating results by requiring us to incur significant legal expenses and diverting the resources of the Company and the attention of our management team.
Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive and many of our competitors have greater resources than we have, we cannot be certain that our products will compete favorably in the marketplace.
We face competition from a number of competitors, including Marvell and Phison, our flash memory customers and smaller merchant suppliers in China. We expect to face competition in the future from our current and potential competitors. In addition, some of our flash memory customers could developed products and technologies that replace their need for our products or otherwise reduce their demand for our products.
Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, access to larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution, technical and other resources than we have. As a result, they may be able to respond more quickly to changing customer demands or to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sales of their products than we can. Our current and potential competitors may develop and introduce new products that will be priced lower, provide superior performance or achieve greater market acceptance than our products. For our SSD solutions, if we are unable to procure sufficient supplies of NAND flash components and at terms that enable our products to be competitive in terms of price or develop technologically competitive products, our customers may seek to purchase SSD solutions from other suppliers.
Our products must meet exacting specifications and undetected defects and failures may occur, which may cause customers to return or stop buying our products and may expose us to product liability risk and risks of indemnification against defects in our products.
Our products are complex and may contain undetected hardware or software defects or failures, especially when first introduced or when new versions are released. These errors could cause us to incur significant re-engineering costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from other important product development efforts and materially affect our customer relations and business reputation. If we deliver products with errors or defects, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our products could be harmed. Defects could also lead to liability for defective products as a result of lawsuits against us or against our customers. We have agreed to indemnify some of our customers in some circumstances against liability from defects in our products. A successful warranty or product liability claim could require us to make significant payments.
Our intellectual property indemnification practices may adversely impact our business.
We may be required to indemnify our customers and our third-party intellectual property providers for certain costs and damages of intellectual property infringement in circumstances where our products are a factor in creating infringement exposure. In the contracts under which we sell semiconductor products, we may have agreed to indemnify our customers against losses arising out of claims of unauthorized use of intellectual property. In some of our licensing agreements, we have agreed to indemnify the licensee against losses arising out of or related to our conduct or services. We cannot assure you that claims for indemnification will not be made or that these claims would not have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
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We are exposed to potential impairment on investments.
We have made investments in equity securities with an aggregate value of approximately US$9.3 million as of December 31, 2022. If the companies that we invested in are unable to execute their plans and succeed in their respective markets, we may not benefit from such investments, and we could potentially lose the amounts we invested. We evaluate our investment portfolio on a regular basis to determine if impairments have occurred. If the operations of any businesses that we have invested decline significantly, we could incur impairment charges that could have a material impact on our results of operations.
Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and the market price of our ADSs.
We are subject to reporting obligations under securities laws of the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include in its annual report management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
Our management and independent registered public accounting firm have concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 are effective. However, we cannot assure you that in the future we or our independent registered public accounting firm will not identify material weakness during the audit process or for other reasons. In addition, because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result, if we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting or should we be unable to prevent or detect material misstatements due to error or fraud on a timely basis, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our consolidated financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and results of operations, negatively impact the market price of our ADSs and harm our reputation.
We are subject to cybersecurity risks.
We experience cyberattacks of varying degrees on our technology infrastructure and systems and, as a result, unauthorized parties have obtained in the past, and may in the future obtain, access to our computer systems and networks. The technology infrastructure and systems of our customers, suppliers, vendors and partners may also experience such attacks. Cyberattacks are external and internal threats that include, but are not limited to, malware, phishing, advanced persistent threats, denial of service attacks, malicious software downloads, insider security breaches, and hardware and software vulnerabilities. We believe cyberattack attempts are increasing not only in number also in scope and that perpetrators of cyberattacks continue to develop increasingly sophisticated systems and means to not only attack systems and damage data, but also evade detection or obscure their activities.
We have controls and policies in place, will continue to review and enhance our capabilities and upgrade our protective solutions to guard against known and emerging threats, detect malicious or unauthorized activities, and have recovery systems to minimize business disruptions. If efforts to breach our infrastructure and systems are successful or we are unable to protect against these risks, we could suffer interruptions, delays, or cessation of operations of our systems, and loss or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, intellectual property, or sensitive or personal information. Breaches of our infrastructure and systems could also cause our customers and other affected third parties to suffer loss or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, intellectual property, or sensitive or personal information, and could harm our relationships with customers and other third parties. As a result, we could experience additional costs, indemnification claims, litigation, and damage to our brand and reputation. All of these consequences could harm our reputation and our business and materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
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Our business is subject to various governmental regulations, and compliance with these regulations may cause us to incur significant expense.
We are subject to various state, federal and international laws and regulations governing the environment, including restricting the presence of certain substances in electronic products. In addition, we are also subject to various industry requirements restricting the presence of certain substances in electronic products. Although our management systems are designed to maintain compliance, we cannot assure you that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws and regulations. If we violate or fail to comply with any of them, a range of consequences could result, including fines, import/export restrictions, sales limitations, criminal and civil liabilities or other sanctions.
Recently there has been increased focus on environmental protection and social responsibility initiatives, which are subject to change, can be unpredictable, and may be difficult for us to comply with, given the complexity of our supply chain and our significant outsourced manufacturing. We are required to implement various standards or processes due to the adoption of rules or regulations that result from these initiatives, such as the SEC rules on the disclosure of the use of “conflict minerals.” If we are unable to comply, or ensure that our suppliers or contract manufacturers comply, with such standards or processes, customers may stop purchasing from us, which could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.
Our business is subject to various other international laws and other legal requirements, including packaging, product content, labor and international trade regulations, such as the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and sanctions against Huawei and other companies, and applicable executive orders. These laws, regulations and orders are complex, change frequently and with limited notice, have generally become more stringent over time and have intensified as U.S.-China geopolitical tensions worsen. Although we have policies, controls, and procedures designed to help ensure compliance with applicable laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, suppliers, or agents will not violate such laws or our policies. Any such violations of trade laws, restrictions, or regulations can result in fines; criminal sanctions against us or our officers, directors, or employees; prohibitions on the conduct of our business; and damage to our reputation. We may be required to incur significant expense to comply with, or to remedy violations of, these regulations and laws. In addition, if our customers fail to comply with these regulations and laws, we may be required to suspend sales to these customers, which could damage our reputation and negatively impact our results of operations. The technology industry is subject to intense media, political, and regulatory scrutiny, which can increase our exposure to government investigations, legal actions, and penalties.
Our stock price has been, and may continue to be, volatile, which could result in investors losing all or part of their investments.
Since we completed our initial public offering in June 2005, the market price of our ADSs has been and likely will continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, including but are not limited to the following:
| • | actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results or those of our competitors, customers, or NAND flash vendors; |
| • | actual or anticipated changes in NAND flash supply and demand dynamics; |
| • | actual or anticipated changes in our market share or the market share of our competitors; |
| • | the commencement or results of litigation; |
| • | short selling or market manipulation activities; |
| • | announcements by us, our competitors, our customers, or their other suppliers of new products or technological innovations; |
| • | changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts; |
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| • | economic and social effects of the COVID-19 virus and the emergence of additional variants to the COVID-19 virus or other pandemics; |
| • | the payment or non-payment of cash dividends at the discretion of our board of directors; |
| • | the announcement and implementation of share repurchase programs; |
| • | announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, divestitures or partnerships; and |
| • | actual or anticipated changes in the global economic or industry outlook. |
Many of these factors are beyond our control and may negatively impact the market price of our ADSs, regardless of our performance. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology and semiconductor companies in particular, have been highly volatile. Furthermore, the trading price of our ADSs may be adversely affected by third-parties trying to drive down the market price. Short sellers and others, some of whom post anonymously on social media, may be positioned to profit if our stock declines and their activities can negatively affect our stock price. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our ADSs, regardless of our operating performance. Our ADSs may not trade at the same price levels as that of other semiconductor and technology companies, and shares of semiconductor and technology companies, in general, may not sustain their current market prices. These fluctuations as well as general economic, political, and market conditions may have an adverse effect on the market price of our ADSs.
There can be no assurance that we will declare cash dividends in the future in any particular amounts or at all.
In January 2013, our Board of Directors declared our first quarterly cash dividend and has subsequently declared and paid dividends in each successive quarter. In November 2015, our Board changed the dividend declaration from quarterly to annually, with payments made in four quarterly installments. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, during the period prior to the closing of the Merger, we are not permitted to declare, set aside, make or pay any dividend or other distribution other than the remaining quarterly dividends previously declared in October 2021 (the last of which was paid in August 2022). In the event the Merger Agreement is terminated, the decision to declare dividends in the future, if any, and their timing and amount, will depend on, among other things, that the dividend payment is in the best interests of our shareholders, business visibility, our results of operations, capital availability and future capital requirements, financial condition, statutory requirements, and other factors that the Board may deem relevant and any dividend declaration is at the discretion of our Board. Any future dividend payments may change from time to time, and we cannot provide assurance that we will in the future declare dividends, if at all or in any particular amounts. A reduction in or elimination of our dividend payments could have a negative effect on our share price.
If we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company, U.S. holders of our ADSs may experience adverse tax consequences.
Based on the present and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, we believe we are not currently classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We will generally be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (a) at least 75% of our gross income is passive income or (b) at least 50% of the value (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. If we are characterized as a PFIC, U.S. holders of our ADSs may experience adverse tax consequences. See “ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION — Taxation — United States Federal Income Taxation.”
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted by the political and economic conditions of the countries in which we conduct business and operate.
A substantial portion of our business is conducted outside of the United States and, as a result, we are subject to foreign business, political and economic risks. Most of our integrated circuits are manufactured,
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assembled and tested by third-parties located in China and Taiwan. We generated 92%, 94% and 86% of our revenue in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, from sales to customers outside the United States, and for the year ended December 31, 2022, 58% of our revenue was from sales in three jurisdictions, China, Singapore and Taiwan. Our controller research and development is conducted primarily in Taiwan and our SSD solutions research and development is conducted in both China and Taiwan. Most of our corporate functions are located in Taiwan. These operations are directly influenced by the political and economic conditions of the country in which they are located. We do not expect the portion of our business located outside of the United States to change in the future.
Accordingly, we are subject to risks associated with international operations, including but not limited to:
| • | international economic and political conditions, such as political tensions between countries in which we do business (please also refer to Risk Factors relating to China and Taiwan); |
| • | unexpected changes in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements; |
| • | complying with a variety of foreign laws; |
| • | differing legal standards with respect to protection of intellectual property and employment practices; |
| • | cultural differences in the conduct of business; |
| • | inadequate local infrastructure that could result in business disruptions; |
| • | trade issues related to export or import restrictions, tariffs, quotas and other trade barriers and restrictions, including those related to the ongoing trade disputes between China and the U.S.; |
| • | financial risks such as longer payment cycles and difficulty in collecting accounts receivable; |
| • | adverse taxes rules, regulations and penalties; and |
| • | other factors beyond our control such as nature disasters, terrorism, civil unrest, war, including Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine, and health emergencies, such as COVID-19. |
As a result of having global operations, the sudden disruption of our supply chain and/or disruption of the manufacture of our customer’s products caused by events outside of our control could impact our results of operations by impairing our ability to timely and efficiently deliver our products.
Although our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, and the majority of our sales and cost of sales in the last three years are denominated in the U.S. dollar, the majority of our operating expenses are denominated in the NT dollar, and to a lesser extent, the Chinese yuan and U.S. dollar. Any unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates could adversely affect, or cause fluctuations in, our results of operations. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities.
We operate primarily in regions that are susceptible to natural disasters.
We operate primarily in regions of the world, including Taiwan, China and California, that are susceptible to earthquakes. In the past, these regions had experienced severe earthquakes that caused significant property damage and loss of life, although we did not suffer any material impact on our business. The occurrence of earthquakes is unpredictable, and a major earthquake and consequent disruptive events could severely disrupt the normal operations of our business and have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
We face substantial risks associated with doing business in Taiwan because of tense regional geopolitical risk with China.
Most of our business operations are in Taiwan, a self-governing democracy, with a unique international political status, that is claimed by China and receives security from the United States under the Taiwan Relations
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Act. China asserts that Taiwan is part of China, seeks the unification of Taiwan and has not ruled out the use of force to achieve this. China is also increasingly assertive in the region and claims sovereignty over much of the South China Sea south of Taiwan and has unilaterally established an Air Defense Identification Zone, or ADIZ, in the East China Sea north of Taiwan. The United States does not recognize China’s ADIZ and conducts regular freedom of navigation operations in the areas claimed by China. In 2016, China dismissed the United Nation’s Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling against it in its claims to the South China Sea. Tensions between Taiwan and China and between the United States and China have increased in recent years.
A majority of our employees and a significant portion of our research and development and corporate functions are based in Taiwan. We also operate a research and development center in Shanghai, and China is one of the largest markets for our products. In addition, all of our foundries and assembly and testing subcontractors are located in either Taiwan or China. Accordingly, our business and results of operations and the market price of our ADSs may be affected by any deterioration in the relationship between Taiwan and China. Although there are significant economic ties between Taiwan and China, in recent years China has taken a more aggressive posture towards Taiwan, including the suspension of cross-straits communications channels in 1996, regular intrusion by Chinese military aircraft into Taiwan airspace, the sailing of naval ships around Taiwan waters, the conduct of military exercises close to Taiwan, and exclusion of Taiwan from international organizations such as the World Health Organization.
Furthermore, our principle executive offices are in Hong Kong. Previous pro-democracy protests and recent COVID-19 containment activities have affected our Hong Kong operations and China’s new national security law for Hong Kong has reduced its autonomy and could lead to further repercussions from the United States, Taiwan and other countries that more adversely affect our operating arrangements, whether commercial or regulatory in nature.
Past and recent developments in relations between Taiwan and China have on occasion depressed the market prices of the securities of Taiwanese companies or companies with significant business activities in Taiwan. We cannot assure you that any contentious situation between Taiwan and China will always resolve in maintaining the current status quo or remain peaceful. Relations between Taiwan and China, potential confrontations between the United States and China and other factors affecting military, political, social or economic conditions in Taiwan and Hong Kong could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the market price and the liquidity of our ADSs.
The enactment of legislation implementing changes in the taxation of international business activities, the adoption of other tax reform policies or changes in tax legislation or policies could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
Legislation is introduced from time to time to reform the taxation of international business activities. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD, has released guidance covering various topics, including country-by-country reporting, definitional changes to permanent establishment and guidelines in determining arm’s length transfer pricing. This guidance is collectively referred to as Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, or BEPS, an initiative that aims to standardize and modernize global tax policy. Depending on legislation ultimately enacted in connection with this guidance by jurisdictions in which we operate, there may be significant consequences for us due to our large international business activities. For example, adoption of BEPS by foreign jurisdictions in which we operate could result in changes to tax policies, including transfer-pricing policies that could ultimately impact our tax liabilities to foreign jurisdictions. If any of these proposals are enacted into law, or if other international, consensus-based tax policies and principles are amended or implemented, they could have material adverse consequences on the amount of tax we pay and thereby on our financial position and results of operations. It is likely that new legislation enacted by several governments of countries in which we operate could lead to higher operating and tax expenses for our business in the near future.
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We are subject to risks associated with development and construction of our office buildings.
In September 2018, we purchased 65,700 square feet of land in Hsinchu, Taiwan for a total cost of US$58.9 million and expect to spend an estimated US$77 million for the development and construction of our future Hsinchu headquarters building, which is currently targeted for completion in 2024. On February 18, 2021, the Company won a bid with a third-party to build an office building in Taipei, Taiwan and executed a property development agreement in May 2021, with property development costs to be defined and agreed in a subsequent agreement. We have no experience developing and constructing office buildings and managing real property of this scale. We may encounter unanticipated occurrences or conditions during construction that may increase the expense of these projects. We may also encounter unanticipated delays in the construction of the new buildings and local government approvals for the projects may be delayed. We will also be required to comply with applicable environmental regulations in connection with such development. We are financing these construction projects from our cash balance, which could limit alternative deployments of capital. The purchase of the land and construction of the buildings will increase our fixed assets significantly and could reduce our return on invested capital. After the office buildings have been constructed, we may consider sale and leaseback arrangements if favorable terms can be obtained.
| ITEM 4. | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY |
Introduction
Silicon Motion Technology Corporation (“Silicon Motion”) is a corporation which was incorporated in the Cayman Islands in January 2005 and acquired Silicon Motion, Inc., a Taiwan corporation (“SMI Taiwan”), in April 2005. Originally SMI Taiwan was known as Feiya Technology Corporation (“Feiya”), a Taiwan corporation which was incorporated in April 1997 but had changed its name to SMI Taiwan after acquiring in August 2002 Silicon Motion, Inc., a California corporation (“SMI USA”), which was incorporated in November 1995. Feiya was originally a flash memory products company and SMI USA was a graphics processor company.
We are a global leader in developing NAND flash controllers for SSDs and other solid state storage devices. We have over 20 years of experience developing specialized processor ICs that manage NAND components and deliver market leading, high- performance storage solutions widely used in data centers, PCs, smartphones and commercial and industrial applications. We have one of the broadest portfolios of controller intellectual properties developed from our deep understanding of NAND characteristics, which enables us to design both unique, highly optimized configurable IC plus related firmware controller platforms and complete turnkey controller solutions. In the last ten years, we have shipped over six billion controllers, more than any other company in the world. More NAND flash components, including current and up-coming generations of flash produced by Intel, Kioxia, Micron, Samsung, SK Hynix, Western Digital and YMTC, are supported by Silicon Motion controllers than any other company. Our customers include NAND flash makers, module makers, hyperscalers and OEMs.
We are a world leading supplier of SSD controllers used in PCs and other client devices and leading merchant supplier of eMMC/UFS controllers used in smartphones and IoT devices. We also leverage our controller expertise to supply specialized small single-chip form factor SSDs for industrial, commercial and automotive applications. We market our controllers under the “SMI” brand and single-chip SSDs under the “FerriSSD,” “Ferri-eMMC,” and “Ferri-UFS” brands.
Our principal executive offices are located at Flat C, 19/F, Wing Cheong Commercial Building, Nos 19-25 Jervois Street, Hong Kong. The address of our United States operating subsidiary, Silicon Motion, Inc., is 690 N. McCarthy Blvd. Suite 200, Milpitas, CA 95035. The address of our Taiwan operating subsidiary, Silicon Motion, Inc., is 8/F, #36 Taiyuan St., Jhubei, Hsinchu 30265, Taiwan. Our ADSs, each representing four of our ordinary shares, have been listed and traded on Nasdaq since June 2005. Our website address is www.siliconmotion.com. The information on our website should not be deemed to be part of this annual report. Additionally, the SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
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The Merger
See “Explanatory Note” above.
Significant Subsidiaries of the Company
Below is a list of significant subsidiaries of the Company. All subsidiaries are wholly owned.
| Name of Entity |
Jurisdiction of Incorporation | |
| Silicon Motion, Inc. | Taiwan | |
| Silicon Motion Technology (Macao) Ltd. | Macau | |
| Silicon Motion Technology (HK) Ltd. | Hong Kong |
Our Market and Products
We focus primarily on designing, developing and marketing: (i) NAND flash controllers for solid state storage devices, primarily SSDs used in PCs and other client devices and eMMC and UFS mobile embedded storage used in smartphones and IoT devices and (ii) SSD solutions, primarily small form-factor specialized SSDs used in industrial, commercial and automotive applications. In 2020, 50% to 60% of our net sales were of SSD controllers, 25% to 30% were eMMC and UFS controllers and 10% to 15% were SSD solutions. In 2021, 55% to 60% of our net sales were of SSD controllers, 30% to 35% were eMMC and UFS controllers and 5% to 10% were SSD solutions. In 2022, 45% to 50% of our net sales were of SSD controllers, 35% to 40% were eMMC and UFS controllers and 5% to 10% were SSD solutions.
NAND Flash Controllers
We offer a broad range of controllers for developing different categories of solid state storage devices that are used in a wide variety of applications. We provide controllers for computing-grade SSDs used in PCs and other client devices, enterprise-grade SSDs used in data centers, eMMC and UFS mobile embedded storage used in smartphones and IoT devices, flash memory cards and flash drives used as expandable storage and specialized SSDs used in industrial, commercial and automotive applications. For most of these applications we offer customers controllers, which are designed for a range of different price-performance trade-offs that enable the targeting of different market segments, such as value-line, mainstream and premium. Our controllers are a combination of integrated circuits and firmware and are offered as configurable platforms or turnkey solutions, which provide customers with options to customize products to achieve desired differentiation or focus on fast time-to-market. Since SSDs and mobile embedded storage products are defined by continuously evolving industry standards such those relating to, but are not limited to, the PCIe host interface, NVMe data transfer protocol and UFS storage specification, we provide controllers for the latest versions of these industry standards and design our solutions for customers to build storage devices with competitive product performance and compatibility with host devices. Our controllers are also designed to support the majority of the latest next generations of NAND flash components manufactured by vendors such as Kioxia, Micron, Samsung, SK Hynix and its subsidiary Solidigm, Western Digital and YMTC, which enables customers to have wide choices of components for developing and building storage devices. Controllers integrate technologies that are critical to their functionality and these include advanced error correction codes (“ECC”) and digital signal processing (“DSP”) engines for ensuring data reliability and sophisticated wear-leveling algorithms for maximizing the usable life of NAND flash components. We may also incorporate other technologies in our controllers such as encryption, power-loss protection, multimedia digital rights management and active temperature monitoring.
SSD Solutions
We use our unique controller technology to develop Ferri SSD solutions. Our FerriSSDs, Ferri-eMMCs, and Ferri-UFS products are highly reliable industrial-, commercial- and automotive-grade single-chip SSDs, which
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are developed for a wide-range of embedded applications that require high data rate, small form factor and compliance with industry standards. We offer customers firmware customization for performance tuning as a value-added service.
Our Customers
We sell our products to NAND flash makers, module makers, hyperscalers and OEMs worldwide. Most of our high performance flash memory storage controllers are supplied to NAND flash manufacturers. We are a leading supplier of SSD controllers used in data centers, PCs, automotive and other client devices and a leading merchant supplier of eMMC and UFS controllers used in smartphones and IoT devices. Sales to our five largest customers represented approximately 56%, 65% and 67% of our net revenue in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Sales to our significant customers representing 24%, 36% and 45% of our net revenue in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. In 2020, the significant customer was Micron. In 2021, the significant customers were Intel and Micron and in 2022, were Micron and SK Hynix. The identities of our largest customers and their respective contributions to our net revenue have varied and will likely continue to vary from period to period.
The majority of our customers purchase our products through purchase orders, as opposed to entering into long-term contracts with us. The price for our products is typically agreed upon at the time a purchase order is placed.
Sales and Marketing
We market and sell our products worldwide through a combination of direct sales personnel and independent electronics distributors. Our direct sales personnel are strategically located near our NAND flash manufacturer, leading technology OEM and modular maker customers in Taiwan, Korea, China, the United States, and Japan. Approximately 70% of our sales in 2020, 67% of our sales in 2021, and 79% of our sales in 2022 were attributable to our direct sales force while the remainder was attributable to distributors.
To supplement our direct sales, we have independent electronics distributors and sales reps located throughout the world. We selected these distributors and reps based on their ability to provide effective field sales, marketing communications and technical support for our products to our customers.
Our marketing group focuses on our product strategy, product development road maps, new product introduction process, demand assessment, competitive analysis and product marketing. We seek to work with potential and existing customers early in their design process to best match our products to their needs, and more broadly, to ensure that product development activities, product launches, and on-going demand and supply planning occur in a well-managed, timely basis in coordination with our research and development, operations, and sales groups, as well as our customers and distributors. We also attend industry tradeshows and technical conferences to promote our products and solutions, maintain close contact with our existing customers to assess demand, and keep current with industry trends. Our participation in industry standards associations, such as IEEE, JEDEC, NVM Express, and Open Compute Project (OCP) helps us monitor the latest industry developments and promote our corporate profile. Our marketing group also works with our sales teams to identify new business opportunities.
We also have field application engineers (“FAEs”), who provide technical support and assistance to existing and potential customers in designing, testing and qualifying systems that incorporate our products. Our FAE organization is segmented by product and market to support our customers.
Research and Development
Our future success depends on our ability to introduce improvements to our existing products and to develop new products that deliver cost-effective solutions for both existing and new markets. Our research and
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development efforts are directed largely to both the development of algorithms and other technological building blocks necessary for managing NAND flash and the use of these technological building blocks to develop a wide variety of NAND flash controller solutions, which are integrated circuits with embedded firmware, that can manage most available NAND flash components and are used to create different classes of solid state storage devices, such as enterprise-grade SSDs used in enterprise applications and data centers, client SSDs used in PCs and other client devices, eMMC and UFS embedded storage for smartphones and IoT devices. We have assembled a core team of engineers who have experience in the areas of firmware, digital and mixed-signal integrated circuit design and system-level architecture. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related benefits including stock-based compensation, tape-out and related project expenses and intellectual property and software licensing costs. We expense research and development expenditures as they are incurred.
Our primary research and development centers are located in Hsinchu and Taipei, Taiwan, and Shanghai, China. Our facilities in Hsinchu and Taipei focus primarily on our NAND flash controller products, and our facilities in Shanghai focus primarily on specific product requirements of our customers in China.
Our research and development activities broaden and strengthen our portfolio of intellectual properties, including patents and trade secrets. As of March 31, 2023, we have 2,490 patents and 1,203 pending applications worldwide, and we will continue to actively pursue the filing of additional patent applications in important jurisdictions.
Our research and development expenses were approximately US$121.8 million, US$164.3 million, and US$188.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
Manufacturing
We design and develop our products and electronically transfer our proprietary designs to independent foundries for the manufacturing and processing of silicon wafers. Once the wafers are manufactured, they are then shipped to third-party assembly and testing subcontractors. Individual integrated circuit dies are diced from wafers, assembled into finished chips and undergo several stages of testing before delivery to our customers. For certain products, we also ship bare dies to our customers. We believe that our strategy of outsourcing wafer fabrication, packaging and testing enables us to benefit from the research and development efforts of leading manufacturers without having to commit our own substantial capital investments. Our fabless business model also provides us with the flexibility to engage vendors who offer services that best complement our products and technologies.
Wafer fabrication. TSMC and SMIC are currently our primary foundries that manufacture most of our semiconductors. We use their fabs in Taiwan, Singapore, and China to fabricate our devices using CMOS process technology, primarily with process nodes from 16/12 to 55 nanometers. We regularly evaluate the benefits and feasibility, on a product-by-product basis, of migrating to more cost-efficient manufacturing process technologies.
Assembly and testing. Following wafer fabrication, our wafers are shipped to our assembly and test subcontractors where they are probed, singulated into individual dies, assembled into packaged chips, and undergo the process of electronic final testing. In order to minimize cost and reduce turn-around time, our products are designed to use low cost, industry standard packages and can be tested with widely available automatic testing equipment. We currently engage companies such as SPIL, OSE, Huatian, and KYEC as our primary subcontractors for the assembly and testing of our products. We have dedicated teams of manufacturing engineers who maintain control over this process from the early stages of manufacturing. Our engineers work closely with our subcontractors to develop product testing and packaging programs to ensure these programs meet our product specifications, thereby maintaining our ownership of the functional and parametric performance of our semiconductors.
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Quality and reliability assurance. We have designed and implemented a quality assurance system that provides the framework for continual improvement of products, processes and customer service. To ensure consistent product quality, reliability and yield, our quality assurance teams perform reliability engineering, quality control, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) system development, document control, subcontractor quality management and customer engineering services to closely monitor the overall process from IC design to after-sale customer support. In particular, we rely on in-depth simulation studies, testing and practical application testing to validate and verify our products. We emphasize a strong supplier quality management practice in which our manufacturing suppliers and subcontractors are pre-qualified by our quality assurance teams. Our suppliers are required to have a quality management system, certified to ISO 9000 standard as a minimum requirement. Our operations have been ISO 9001 certified since 1999.
Competition
We face competition from a number of competitors, including Marvell and Phison, our flash memory customers and small Chinese merchant controller suppliers.
The markets for our products are intensely competitive, and are characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and pricing pressures. Competition has intensified as a result of the increasing demand for higher levels of performance at competitive prices. We expect competition to intensify further as current competitors continue to strengthen the depth and breadth of their product offerings and additionally, our competitors in China are benefited from the government’s semiconductor localization policy. We believe that our ability to compete successfully in the rapidly evolving markets for our products depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:
| • | the performance, features, quality and price of our products; |
| • | the timing and success of new product introductions by us, our customers and our competitors; |
| • | emergence, rate of adoption and acceptance of new industry standards; |
| • | our ability to obtain adequate foundry capacity at competitive prices; and |
| • | the number and nature of our competitors in specific market sub-segments. |
We expect increased competition in the future from emerging or established companies, customers or other third parties, any of which could acquire significant market share. See “Risk Factors — Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive and many of our competitors have greater resources than we have, we cannot be certain that our products will compete favorably in the marketplace,” in Item 3 above.
Seasonality
See “Risk Factors — Our financial conditions and results of operations may vary from quarter to quarter, which may cause the price of our ADSs to decline.”, “Risk Factors — We are subject to the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, which has been subject to significant fluctuations.” and “Risk Factors — NAND industry cyclicality could adversely affect our growth and profitability.” in Item 3 above and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations” in Item 5 below.
Intellectual Property
Our success and future revenue growth depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a portfolio of intellectual property rights, registered in the United States, Taiwan, and other countries, including patents, copyrights and trademark registrations, trade secret laws, contractual provisions, licenses, and other methods to protect our intellectual property.
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As of March 31, 2023, we have 2,490 patents and 1,203 pending applications worldwide. There can be no assurance that patents will ever be issued with respect to these pending applications. Furthermore, it is possible that any patents held by us may be invalidated, circumvented, challenged or licensed to others. In addition, there can be no assurance that such patents will provide us with competitive advantages or adequately safeguard our proprietary rights. While we continue to file new patent applications with respect to our recent developments, existing patents are granted for prescribed time periods and will expire at various times in the future. We expect to continue to file patent applications where appropriate to protect our proprietary technologies.
Companies in the semiconductor industry have frequently demonstrated a readiness to commence litigation based on allegations of patent and other intellectual property infringement. From time to time, third parties may assert infringement claims against us. We may not prevail in any such litigation or may not be able to license patents from third parties on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Litigation, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time. Any such litigation could materially adversely affect us. In addition, in the contracts under which we sell semiconductor products, we may have agreed to indemnify our customers against losses arising out of claims of unauthorized use of intellectual property.
We intend to protect our intellectual property rights vigorously, but there can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful. In addition, the laws of other countries in which our products are sold may not protect our products and intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
While our ability to effectively compete depends in large part on our ability to protect our intellectual property, we believe that our technical expertise, customer support capabilities, and ability to introduce new products in a timely and cost-effective manner will be important factors in maintaining our competitive position.
We claim copyright and trademark protection for proprietary documentation for our products and a variety of branding marks. We have registered “Silicon Motion” and its logo (a three-dimensional cube depiction of the letters “SM”), “NANDSustain,” “NANDXtend,” “SSDLifeGuard,” “SSDLifeSaver,” “TurboMLC,” “FerriSSD,” “Ferri-eMMC,” “Ferri-UFS,” the powered by SiliconMotion logo, “InstantView,” the Shannon Systems logo, “PCIe-RAID,” “DIRECT-IO,” “Hyper-IO,” “Bigtera,” the Bigtera logo, “VirtualStor,” “CloudStor,” and “StorVisor” as trademarks in the United States, Taiwan and/or other countries.
We also attempt to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information through agreements with our customers, suppliers, employees and consultants, and through other customary security measures.
We have entered into license agreements with third party intellectual property vendors for wafer fabrication tool libraries, semiconductor IP core, computer aided design tools and software.
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Facilities
As of the date of this annual report, we occupy facilities totaling approximately 418,900 square feet, which house our management and administration, operations, research and development and sales and marketing departments. Of our facilities, approximately 182,400 square feet are owned and approximately 236,500 square feet are occupied under leases. We consider our facilities insufficient to meet our future operational requirements and in 2018, purchased 65,700 square feet of land in Hsinchu, Taiwan for the construction of a future office building and in 2021, executed a property development agreement for the construction of a future office building in Taipei, Taiwan. See “Risk Factor — We are subject to risks associated with development and construction of our office buildings.” The table below lists the location of our operating facilities.
| Location |
Primary Use |
Approximate Square Footage | ||
| Hsinchu, Taiwan |
Research & development, management & administration | 233,700 | ||
| Taipei, Taiwan |
Research & development, sales & marketing | 87,800 | ||
| Shanghai, China |
Research & development, sales & marketing | 43,400 | ||
| Shenzhen, China |
Sales & marketing | 20,200 | ||
| Milpitas, California |
Sales & marketing, management | 13,300 | ||
| Others (1) |
Sales & marketing, management | 20,500 |
| (1) | Korea, Macau, Hong Kong, Yokohama, Japan, Beijing, Nanjing and Suzhou, China |
Leases covering our current facilities expire at varying dates, generally within the next five years. We anticipate no difficulty in retaining occupancy through lease renewals, month-to-month occupancy or replacing the leased facilities with equivalent facilities.
We currently own commercial property in Taipei of approximately 6,200 square feet and commercial property in Shanghai of approximately 20,000 square feet, both of which we have no plans to use for our operations. The Taipei property is leased to a third-party. Part of the Shanghai property is leased to third parties and the rest remains to be leased.
Government Regulation
See Risk Factors — “Our business is subject to various governmental regulations, and compliance with these regulations may cause us to incur significant expense.” in Item 3 above.
| ITEM 4A. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
| ITEM 5. | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS |
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and their related notes included in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. We caution you that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” In evaluating our business, you should also carefully consider the information provided under the caption “Risk Factors” included in Item 3 of this annual report.
Overview
We are a global leader in developing NAND flash controllers for SSDs and other solid state storage devices. We have over 20 years of experience developing specialized processor ICs that manage NAND components and
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deliver market leading, high- performance storage solutions widely used in data centers, PCs, smartphones and commercial and industrial applications. We have one of the broadest portfolios of controller intellectual properties developed from our deep understanding of NAND characteristics, which enables us to design both unique, highly optimized configurable IC plus related firmware controller platforms and complete turnkey controller solutions. In the last ten years, we have shipped over six billion controllers, more than any other company in the world. More NAND flash components, including current and up-coming generations of flash produced by Kioxia, Micron, Samsung, SK Hynix and its subsidiary Solidigm, Western Digital and YMTC, are supported by Silicon Motion controllers than any other company. Our customers include NAND flash makers, module makers, hyperscalers and OEMs.
We are a world leading supplier of SSD controllers used in PCs and other client devices and leading merchant supplier of eMMC/UFS controllers used in smartphones and IoT devices. We also leverage our controller expertise to supply specialized small single-chip form factor SSDs for industrial, commercial and automotive applications. We market our controllers under the “SMI” brand and single-chip SSDs under the “FerriSSD,” “Ferri-eMMC” and “Ferri-UFS” brands.
Summary of Consolidated Financial Results
Summary of the year ended December 31, 2022 include the following:
| • | Total revenue increased by 3% to US$945.9 million from US$922.1 million in the prior year. |
| • | Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased by 0.8% points to 49.2% from 50.0% in the prior year. |
| • | Total operating expenses increased by 17% to US$251.9 million from US$214.9 million in the prior year. |
| • | Operating profit decreased by 13% to US$213.9 million from US$245.9 million in the prior year. |
| • | Income tax expense as a percentage of income before income tax decreased to 18.8% from 19.1% in the prior year. |
| • | Diluted earnings per ADS decreased by 9.6% to US$5.17 from US$5.72 in the prior year. |
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Net sales. Our net sales consist primarily of sales of our products, after deducting sales discounts and allowances for returns.
Our net sales are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. The percentages of our net sales by currency for the periods indicated are set forth in the following table:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Currency |
||||||||||||
| U.S. dollars |
98 | % | 99 | % | 97 | % | ||||||
| Chinese yuan |
2 | % | 1 | % | 3 | % | ||||||
The length of our sales cycle, from the day purchase orders are received until products are shipped to customers, is dependent on the availability of our product inventories. If we do not have sufficient inventories on hand to meet customer demands, approximately three months are generally required from the day purchase orders are received until finished goods are manufactured and shipped to customers. This cycle can take up to six months during times when capacity at independent foundries is being fully utilized. The potential delays inherent in the manufacturing process increase the risk that we may not be able to fulfill a customer’s order on time. All of
32
our sales are made by purchase orders. Because our practice, which is consistent with industry practice, allows customers to reschedule orders on relatively short notice, order backlog may not be a good indicator of our future sales.
Because most of our semiconductor solutions are designed for the mobile and computing devices markets, we expect our business to be subject to seasonality, with higher net sales generally in the second half of each year, when customers place orders to meet increased demand during year-end holiday seasons. However, changing market and business conditions, including foundry wafer supply shortages, as well as changing product mix in recent years could make assessment of the impact of seasonal factors on our business difficult.
Cost of sales. Our cost of sales consists primarily of the following costs:
| • | cost of wafer fabrication; |
| • | assembly, testing and shipping costs of our semiconductors; |
| • | personnel and equipment costs associated with manufacturing support; |
| • | quality assurance; |
| • | cost of raw materials; and |
| • | write-down of inventory. |
We engage independent foundries for the manufacturing and subcontractors for the assembly and testing of our semiconductors. Our manufacturing cost is subject to the cyclical supply and demand conditions typical of the semiconductor industry. Our cost per wafer generally fluctuates with the availability of capacity at independent foundries. We believe that our cost of sales is substantially variable in nature.
Research and development expenses. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related costs, stock-based compensation, tape-out and related project expenses and intellectual property and software licensing costs. We expense research and development expenditures as they are incurred.
Sales and marketing expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related costs, stock-based compensation expense, commissions paid to independent distributors and costs for our advertising and promotional activities.
General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related costs, stock-based compensation expense, insurance premiums, professional fees and allowance for doubtful accounts.
Impairment of goodwill. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill annually, or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Accounting for stock-based compensation. We grant restricted stock units to our employees and members of the Board of Directors. The value of our restricted stock units is expensed over the vesting period and based on the grant date share price, less the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period, discounted at a risk-free interest rate.
Non-operating income and expenses. Our non-operating income and expenses include loss from the disposal of a subsidiary, gains or losses on the sales of investments, unrealized holding gain on investment, interest from deposited cash or short-term investments, gains or losses on foreign exchange rates, interest paid on loans and other non-operating income and expenses not categorized above. We conduct an assessment on the value of our long-term investments quarterly and make corresponding write-downs as required to the value of the long-term investments.
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Provision for income taxes. We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expenses for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, deductions and allowance, and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
We have operations in several countries, which include Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Macau and the United States and determine income taxes for each of the jurisdictions where we operate.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, net sales and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and our beliefs of what could occur in the future considering available information. Because our estimates may vary in each situation, our actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
Our management considers the following factors in reviewing our consolidated financial statements:
| • | the selection of critical accounting policies; and |
| • | the judgments and other uncertainties affecting the application of those critical accounting policies. |
The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting the application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered when reviewing our consolidated financial statements. Our principal accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
Critical accounting estimates are defined as those reflective of significant judgments, estimates and uncertainties, which may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe the following are our critical accounting estimates:
Inventory valuation. We value inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value for raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. Inventories are recorded at standard cost and adjusted to the approximate weighted-average cost at the balance sheet date. We assess net realizable value of the inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory based upon management’s assumptions about future demand and market conditions. In estimating reserves for obsolescence, we primarily evaluate estimates based on the timing of the introduction of new products and the quantities remaining of old products and provides reserves for inventory on hand in excess of the estimated demand. Estimated losses on slow-moving items are recognized and included in the allowance for losses. We wrote down US$6.9million, US$5.7 million and US$15.8 million in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory, with write-downs in 2020, 2021 and 2022 primarily related to the value of NAND components and SSDs in inventory affected by rapidly falling NAND prices and the restructuring of our underperforming product lines.
We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to evaluate obsolescence or unmarketable inventory during the last three fiscal years. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates and assumptions used to calculate inventory write-downs, we may be exposed to inventory write-downs that could be material. If we have experienced significant industry fluctuations, maturing product cycles and new product introductions of both semiconductor companies’ and their customers’ products and fluctuations in general economic conditions, we may be exposed to future obsolescence or unmarketable inventory.
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Goodwill. We record goodwill when the consideration paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. We measure and test goodwill on an annual basis or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. Our impairment review process compares the fair value of the reporting unit in which the goodwill resides to its carrying value. We determined that our reporting units are equivalent to our operating segments or components of an operating segment for the purposes of completing our impairment test. We have adopted FASB Accounting Standard Update 2017-04, which removed step two from the goodwill impairment test, in conjunction with our annual review for impairment. Estimating fair value is performed by utilizing various valuation approaches, such as income approach or market approach. The total of all reporting unit fair values was also compared to our market capitalization plus control premium for reasonableness.
In 2020, we recorded an impairment charge of US$17.5 million related to our Shannon acquisition. The worse than expected business outlook and lower cash flow projections of these reporting units led to reductions in their fair market value and the assessment of impairment charges for the difference of carrying value in excess of fair market value. The estimate of cash flow was based upon, among other things, certain assumptions about expected future operating performance such as revenue growth rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates, future economic and market conditions, and determination of appropriate market comparable. We based our fair value estimates on assumptions we believed to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. The long-term financial forecast represented the best estimate that we had at that time and we believed that its underlying assumptions were reasonable.
Accounting for income taxes. In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We are tax residents in numerous taxing jurisdictions around the world and have identified our major tax jurisdictions as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and China with statutory tax rates of 20%, 16.5%, 12% and 25%, respectively, and estimate our actual current tax exposure together with assessed temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income within the relevant jurisdiction and, to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. The total amount of valuation allowance as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 was US$20.8 million, US$21.8 million and US$20.2 million, respectively. We provide for a valuation allowance to the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be recovered from future taxable income. Realization of future tax benefits related to the deferred tax assets is dependent on many factors, including our ability to generate taxable income within the period during which the temporary differences reverse, the outlook for the economic environment in which we operate, and the overall future industry outlook. Should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an additional allowance for the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period the determination was made.
We utilize a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 was US$19.0 million, US$26.3 million and US$37.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, US$6.4 million and US$6.8 million, respectively, of interest and penalties were accrued. Fiscal years 2017 through 2022 remain subject to examination by the US Internal Revenue Service and other foreign tax jurisdictions. The ultimate outcome of tax matters may differ from our estimates and assumptions. Unfavorable settlement of any particular issue would require the use of cash and could result in increased income tax expense. Favorable resolution could result in reduced income tax expense. Within the next
35
12 months, we do not expect that our unrecognized tax benefits would change significantly. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding changes in unrecognized tax benefits during 2022.
Legal Contingencies. From time to time, we are involved in legal actions or other third-party assertions arising in the ordinary course of business. There can be no assurance these actions or other third-party assertions will be resolved without costly litigation, in a manner that does not adversely impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows or without requiring royalty payments in the future, which may adversely impact gross margins. We record a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In determining the probability of a loss and consequently, determining a reasonable estimate, management is required to use significant judgment. Given the uncertainties associated with any litigation, the actual outcome can be different than our estimates and could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. See Item 8: “Legal Proceedings”.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our statements of operations as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Net sales |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
| Cost of sales |
51.8 | 50.0 | 50.8 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Gross profit |
48.2 | 50.0 | 49.2 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
| Research and development |
22.6 | 17.8 | 20.0 | |||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
4.6 | 3.1 | 3.3 | |||||||||
| General and administrative |
2.9 | 2.4 | 3.3 | |||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill |
3.2 | — | — | |||||||||
| Loss from settlement of litigation |
— | — | 0.0 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total operating expenses |
33.3 | 23.3 | 26.6 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Operating income |
14.9 | 26.7 | 22.6 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Non-operating income (expenses): |
||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gain on investments |
— | — | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Gain from disposal of short-term investments |
0.0 | — | — | |||||||||
| Interest income |
0.9 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange gain (loss), net |
0.1 | 0.0 | (0.5 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest expense |
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
| Other income (loss), net |
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total non-operating income (loss) |
1.0 | 0.1 | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Income before income taxes |
15.9 | 26.8 | 22.5 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense |
1.1 | 5.1 | 4.2 | |||||||||
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|
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|
|||||||
| Net income |
14.8 | % | 21.7 | % | 18.3 | % | ||||||
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Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2022 to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Net sales.
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % of net sales | US$ | % of net sales | $ change | % change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentage data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mobile Storage |
910,569 | 99 | 926,760 | 98 | 16,191 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
11,531 | 1 | 19,161 | 2 | 7,630 | 66 | ||||||||||||||||||
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|
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| Net sales |
922,100 | 100 | 945,921 | 100 | 23,821 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
In 2022, our net sales increased by 3% year-over-year to approximately US$945.9 million. Our Mobile Storage revenue increased by 2% year-over-year primarily because of increasing sales of eMMC and UFS controllers. Our SSD controller sales decreased in the range of 5% to 10% year-over-year to account for 45% to 50% of revenue, a lower percentage of net sales than the prior year, eMMC plus UFS controller sales increased in the range of 15% to 20% year-over-year to account for 35% to 40% of revenue, a higher percentage of net sales than the prior year, and SSD solutions sales increased in the range of 30% to 35% year-over-year to account for 5% to 10% of revenue, a similar percentage of net sales as the prior year.
Gross profit.
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % of net sales | US$ | % of net sales | $ change | % change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentage data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit |
460,795 | 50 | 465,831 | 49 | 5,036 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased to 49% in 2022 as compared to 50% in 2021 primarily because of significant inventory value write-downs of memory components and finish products relating our SSD solutions. Our gross profit excluding obsolete and unmarketable inventory write-downs as a percentage of revenue was approximately 51% in both 2021 and 2022.
Research and development expenses.
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % of net sales | US$ | % of net sales | $ change | % change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentage data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salary and benefits |
98,752 | 11 | 106,740 | 11 | 7,988 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
12,864 | 1 | 18,678 | 2 | 5,814 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other research and development |
52,675 | 6 | 63,114 | 7 | 10,439 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Research and development |
164,291 | 18 | 188,532 | 20 | 24,241 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Our research and development expenses increased by 15% year-over-year to approximately US$188.5 million in 2022. Salary and benefits increased by 8% year-over-year to approximately US$106.7 million in 2022. Stock-based compensation increased by 45% year-over-year to approximately US$18.7 million. Other research and development expenses increased by 20% year-over-year to approximately US$63.1 million, primarily because of higher IC tape-outs and other project expenses in 2022.
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Sales and marketing expenses.
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % of net sales | US$ | % of net sales | $ change | % change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentage data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salary and benefits |
19,241 | 2 | 19,166 | 2 | (75 | ) | (0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
2,366 | — | 2,736 | — | 370 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other sales and marketing |
7,206 | 1 | 9,635 | 1 | 2,429 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Sales and marketing |
28,813 | 3 | 31,537 | 3 | 2,724 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Our sales and marketing expenses increased by 10% year-over-year to approximately US$31.5 million in 2022. Salary and benefits were stable year-over-year to approximately US$19.2 million in 2022. Stock-based compensation increased by 16% year-over-year to approximately US$2.7 million in 2022. Other sales and marketing expenses increased by 34% year-over-year to approximately US$9.6 million.
General and administrative expenses.
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % of net sales | US$ | % of net sales | $ change | % change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentage data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salary and benefits |
12,245 | 1 | 13,853 | 2 | 1,608 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
3,926 | — | 4,650 | — | 724 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other general and administrative |
5,651 | 1 | 12,944 | 1 | 7,293 | 129 | ||||||||||||||||||
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|
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| General and administrative |
21,822 | 2 | 31,447 | 3 | 9,625 | 44 | ||||||||||||||||||
Our general and administrative expenses increased by 44% year-over-year to approximately US$31.4 million in 2022. Salary and benefits increased by 13% year-over-year to approximately US$13.9 million. Stock-based compensation increased by 18% year-over-year to approximately US$4.7 million in 2022. Other general and administrative expenses increased by 129% year-over-year to approximately US$12.9 million in 2022, primarily because of legal, financial advisory and other fees related to our pending sale to MaxLinear.
Stock-based compensation.
The following table presents details of total stock-based compensation that is included in each functional line item in our consolidated statements of income:
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % of net sales | US$ | % of net sales | $ change | % change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentage data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales |
389 | — | 597 | — | 208 | 53 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development |
12,864 | 1 | 18,678 | 2 | 5,814 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
2,366 | — | 2,736 | — | 370 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative |
3,926 | — | 4,650 | — | 724 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||
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|
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|
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|
|||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation |
19,545 | 1 | 26,661 | 2 | 7,116 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
See Note 15 to consolidated financial statements for a discussion of activity related to share-based awards.
Loss from settlement of litigation. We paid US$390 thousand in 2022 to settle an IP-related claim.
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Unrealized holding gain on investment. We recognized a gain of US$896 thousand for the difference between market value and cost of long-term investments in 2022.
Interest income. Our interest income increased to approximately US$2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from approximately US$1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased to US$71 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022 from nil for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we realized a foreign exchange loss of US$4,880 thousand, compared with a gain of US$193 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. We do not engage in any hedging activities.
Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense was approximately US$40.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to an income tax expense of approximately US$47.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net income (loss). Net income was approximately US$172.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to a net income of approximately US$200.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
For the discussion covering the comparison between the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, please refer to “Item 5” of our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately US$232.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, a decrease of US$127.9 million from December 31, 2021. We maintain our cash balances in bank deposits and in money market instruments. We do not engage in any currency hedging activities.
We believe cash we expect to generate from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other commitments for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the level of our net sales, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, the continuing market acceptance of our products, and construction of our Hsinchu and Taipei office buildings. We could be required, or could elect, to seek additional funding through public or private equity or debt financing, and additional funds may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| US$ | US$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated Cash Flow Data: |
||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities |
117,229 | 174,698 | 83,892 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
(21,545 | ) | (28,164 | ) | (32,942 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities |
(73,914 | ) | (99,735 | ) | (183,096 | ) | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
13,562 | 17,160 | 18,931 | |||||||||
| Capital expenditures |
(19,545 | ) | (24,657 | ) | (32,942 | ) | ||||||
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Operating activities
Our net cash provided by operating activities was approximately US$83.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of approximately US$174.7 million and US$117.2 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash flow provided by operations of US$83.9 million resulted primarily from our net income of US$172.5 million and the following reasons:
| • | Our net income includes substantial non-cash charges, namely US$18.9 million of depreciation and amortization and US$26.7 million of stock-based compensation. |
| • | Net working capital increased by US$131.0 million. Inventories increased by US$102.8 million, notes and accounts receivable decreased by US$2.5 million, notes and accounts payable decreased by US$44.7 million, income tax payable decreased by US$2.1 million, and other assets net of other liabilities provided US$16.1 million of cash. |
For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash flow provided by operations of US$174.7 million resulted primarily from our net income of US$200.0 million and the following reasons:
| • | Our net income includes substantial non-cash charges, namely US$17.2 million of depreciation and amortization and US$19.5 million of stock-based compensation. |
| • | Net working capital increased by US$60.5 million. Inventories increased by US$78.1 million, notes and accounts receivable increased by US$92.7 million, notes and accounts payable increased by US$36.2 million, income tax payable increased by US$37.3 million, and other assets net of other liabilities provided US$36.8 million of cash. |
Investing activities
Our net cash used in investing activities was approximately US$32.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to net cash used by investing activities of approximately US$28.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. In 2022, we paid US$19.7 million for the routine purchase of software, design tools and other items, and $13.2 million for building construction in Hsinchu.
Our net cash used in investing activities was approximately US$28.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to net cash used by investing activities of approximately US$21.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. In 2021, we paid US$24.7 million for the routine purchase of software, design tools and other items and invested US$3.5 million in BIWIN and Kinara.
Financing activities
Our net cash used in financing activities was approximately US$183.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to net cash used in financing activities of approximately US$99.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our cash used in financing activities in 2022 consists primarily of US$49.9 million of dividend payments and US$133.2 million for share repurchases.
Our net cash used in financing activities was approximately US$99.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to net cash used in financing activities of approximately US$73.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our cash used in financing activities in 2021 consists primarily of US$54.0 million of dividend payments and US$45.7 million for share repurchases.
Capital Return to Shareholders
Dividend. On October 25, 2021, we announced an annual cash dividend of US$2.00 per ADS to be paid in four quarterly installments of US$0.50 per ADS, we paid US$54.0 million and US$49.9 million to shareholders
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in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, during the period prior to the closing of the Merger, we are not permitted to declare, set aside, make or pay any dividend or other distribution other than the remaining quarterly dividends previously declared in October 2021 (the last of which was paid in August 2022).
If the Merger Agreement is terminated, the declaration and payment of future cash dividends are subject to our Board’s continuing determination that the payment of dividends is in the best interests of our shareholders and is in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends.
Share Repurchase. On December 7, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program to repurchase up to US$200 million of our ADSs over a 6-month period. In the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 1.6 million ADSs for US$128.8 million at an average price of US$79.18 per ADS and in the year ended December 31, 2021, we repurchased 0.6 million ADSs for US$50 million at an average price of US$89.87 per ADS. Our previous share repurchase program, announced on November 21, 2018 and which authorized the repurchase of up to US$200 million of our ADSs over a 24-month period was extend on October 26, 2020 for an additional year. In the year ended December 31, 2020, we repurchased 0.6 million ADSs for US$25.0 million at an average price of US$39.93 per ADS, in the year ended December 31, 2019, we repurchased 0.8 million ADSs for US$25.0 million at an average price of US$32.82 per ADS, and in the year ended December 31, 2018, we repurchased 1.0 million ADSs for US$34.8 million at an average price of US$34.54 per ADS.
Repurchases are made in the open market or according to other methods in compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b-18, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. Share repurchase plans announced do not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of ADSs and may be suspended at any time at our discretion.
Cash Requirements
Our material cash requirements include the following contractual and other obligations:
Pension Obligations. Pension obligations represent the payments for deferred compensation plan liabilities, see Note 12 Pension Plan in our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, these obligations totaled US$0.2 million. Pension obligation after one year has not been estimated.
Operating Leases. Operating lease obligations represent the undiscounted remaining lease payments primarily for our leased property and equipment, see Note 16 Lease in our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, these obligations totaled US$8.4 million, of which US$3.3 million was short-term.
Office Building Construction. We won a bid with a third-party to build an office building in Taipei and entered into a property development agreement in May 2021. Based on the terms of the property development agreement, the Company is required to complete construction within three years after the construction license is approved. At this time, we are unable to accurately measure the construction progress and make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing and future payments to the contractor, see Note 17 Commitments and Contingencies in our consolidated financial statements.
Tax Liability. Tax liability represents the provision for income tax and uncertain tax position recognized, see Note 13 Income Taxes. As of December 31, 2022, short-term taxes payable totaled US$42.1 million. We increased long-term taxes payable of US$10.8 million related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022. At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years beyond 12 months due to uncertainties in the timing and outcome of a potential tax audit.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Please refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements
| ITEM 6. | DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES |
Executive Officers and Directors
Members of our board of directors are elected by our shareholders. Our board of directors consists of nine directors. Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.
| Name |
Age | Position | ||||
| James Chow |
72 | Chairman of the Board | ||||
| Wallace C. Kou |
64 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director | ||||
| Steve Chen |
51 | Director | ||||
| Tsung-Ming Chung |
73 | Director | ||||
| Lien-Chun Liu |
65 | Director | ||||
| Yung-Chien Wang |
60 | Director | ||||
| Han-Ping D. Shieh |
69 | Director | ||||
| Kenneth Kuan-Ming Lin |
70 | Director | ||||
| Riyadh Lai |
54 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
| Nelson Duann |
54 | Senior VP of Marketing & R&D and Director | ||||
| Arthur Yeh |
62 | VP of Sales, Asia and Greater China | ||||
| Robert Fan |
59 | President of SMI USA | ||||
| Ken Chen |
61 | VP of Operations | ||||
| Kevin Yeh |
59 | VP of R&D, Algorithm & Technology | ||||
| Kevin Tsai |
57 | VP of R&D, System Validation | ||||
Executive Officers and Directors
James Chow, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Mr. Chow has served as the Chairman of our board of directors since April 2005. Mr. Chow has been the Chairman of Concord Financial Co., Ltd. since 1993. Concord Financial Co., Ltd. is an investment holding company. Mr. Chow has an MBA from Columbia University.
Wallace C. Kou, President, Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director
Mr. Kou founded Silicon Motion in 1995 and has been our President and Chief Executive Officer since our founding. Prior to founding Silicon Motion, Mr. Kou was the Vice President and Chief Architect at the Multimedia Products Division of Western Digital Corporation, which developed graphics processors for notebook PCs and was sold to Philips Semiconductor in 1995. Before Western Digital, Mr. Kou worked for Wyse Technology. Mr. Kou has a BS in Electrical & Control Engineering from the National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan and an MS in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the University of California at Santa Barbara.
Steve Chen, Director
Mr. Chen joined our board of directors in 2012. Mr. Chen is the chairman of Mercuries Co., Ltd. Mr. Chen has dual M. Eng. from Cornell University.
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Tsung-Ming Chung, Director
Mr. Chung joined our board of directors in June 2005. Mr. Chung is the Chairman of Dynapack International Technology Corp., a leading provider of battery packs for notebook PCs and tablets. From 1985 to 2000, Mr. Chung was an audit partner at Arthur Andersen. He is also a director at Far East International Bank and Fubon Hyundai Life Insurance Corporation. Mr. Chung has a BA in Business Administration from the National Taiwan University and an MBA from the National Cheng-chi University in Taiwan.
Lien-Chun Liu, Director
Ms. Liu joined our board of directors in June 2005. She serves on the board of the International Council of Women, on the board of supervisors of Concord VIII Venture Capital Co., Ltd. and on the board of directors of New Tamsui Golf Course. She was formerly a research fellow at the Taiwan Research Institute and served on the board of supervisors of China Television Corp. from 2000 to 2004. Ms. Liu has a BA from Wellesley College and a JD from Boston College Law School.
Yung-Chien Wang, Director
Mr. Wang joined our board of directors in June 2005. Mr. Wang has over 20 years of working experience in the human resource and legal services industries. Mr. Wang is the chairman of Luster Visage Biotech Co., Ltd. Mr. Wang has a law degree from Fu Jen Catholic University in Taiwan.
Han-Ping D. Shieh, Director
Mr. Shieh joined our board of directors in 2014. He is Life Chair Professor at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU) in Taiwan, a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the Society for Information Display (SID) and a board member of Tailiang Technology Inc., Dynapack International Tech. Corp., and Focal Tech Inc. Mr. Shieh received his PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 1987. He joined National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) as a professor in 1992 and was previously a Research Staff Member at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. He was the Dean of the College of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a Senior Vice President of NCTU and a Vice Chancellor of the University System of Taiwan.
Kenneth Kuan-Ming Lin, Director
Mr. Lin joined our board of directors in September 2018. Mr. Lin was previously a director on our board from 2009 to 2014. Mr. Lin is the Chairman of Premier Capital Management Corp., and Ruby Tech Corp., the Chief Executive Officer of SINOCON Industrial Standards Foundation and Deputy Secretary-General of Cross-Strait CEO Summit. He was previously the Chairman of Taiwan Venture Capital Association and Taiwan Private Equity Association. Mr. Lin has a BS in Electrical Engineering from the National Taiwan University.
Riyadh Lai, Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Lai joined us in April 2007 from ING Corporate Finance, Asia, where he was the Head of the Technology Group. Previously, he was also an investment banker at Morgan Stanley and ABN AMRO and finance manager at PepsiCo in Hong Kong and New York. Mr. Lai has over two decades of finance and financial management experience. He has a BA in Economics from Georgetown University and an MBA from New York University.
Nelson Duann, Senior VP of Marketing and R&D and Director
Mr. Duann became our Senior Vice President of Marketing and R&D for mobile storage in November 2018. He joined Silicon Motion in August 2007 as a product marketing director and R&D team leader. Mr. Duann has
43
over 20 years of experience in the semiconductor industry in product design, development and marketing. Prior to Silicon Motion, he worked for Sun Microsystems focusing on UltraSPARC microprocessor projects. He has an MS in Communications Engineering from National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan and an MS in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.
Arthur Yeh, VP of Sales, Asia and Greater China
Mr. Yeh has served as our Vice President of our mobile storage sales since November 2004. Mr. Yeh has over 20 years of sales experience managing marketing strategies, including product promotions and sales activities for semiconductor products. Mr. Yeh previously served in management positions at VIA Technologies for 10 years and joined us in 2004. Mr. Yeh holds an MS degree in Management Business Administration from the National Chung Hsing University in Taiwan.
Robert Fan, President of SMI USA
Mr. Fan has served as President of SMI USA, our business operations in the Americas and Europe since November 2016. He also oversees corporate market communications, public relations and our graphics product line. Mr. Fan has over 25 years of sales and marketing experience and joined Silicon Motion in May 2013. Prior to Silicon Motion, Mr. Fan served in executive management roles at Spansion, IDT, Staktek, and at two venture capital-backed startups. He also spent over nine years at Intel in sales, marketing and management positions and was a chip designer earlier in his career. Mr. Fan holds a BS in EECS from UC Berkeley, an MSEE from Santa Clara University and completed the General Management Executive Program at McCombs School of Business, University of Texas.
Ken Chen, VP of Operations
Mr. Chen has served as our Vice President of operations since November 2003. Mr. Chen has over 20 years of manufacturing and operations experience in the semiconductor industry managing supply chain and virtual manufacturing systems including wafer fabrication, mask tooling, as well as assembly and testing. Mr. Chen previously served in management positions at Faraday Technology and UMC, and joined us in 2003. Mr. Chen has a BS in Industrial Engineering from Chung Yuan Christian University in Taiwan and an MS in Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management from the National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
Kevin Yeh, VP of R&D, Algorithm & Technology
Mr. Yeh became our Vice President of Research and Development in August 2012. He joined Silicon Motion in September 2003 as a product marketing director, before leading our Algorithm and Technology R&D team. Mr. Yeh has more than 20 years of experience in semiconductor product design, development and marketing. Prior to Silicon Motion, Mr. Yeh worked at TSMC, Neo Magic, VLSI Technology and LSI. Mr. Yeh holds a BS degree in Control Engineering from National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan and an MS degree in Electronic Engineering from Syracuse University.
Kevin Tsai, VP of R&D, System Validation
Mr. Tsai joined us in January 2020 with approximately 30 years of storage industry R&D experience relating to SSDs, HDDs and ODDs. Prior to joining Silicon Motion, he was the VP of R&D for DRAM module and Flash-related applications at TIGO Semiconductor and had also worked at Lite-on and Taiwan’s Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). Mr. Tsai holds an MS degree in Communications Engineering from National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan.
There is no arrangement or understanding with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management.
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Board Practices
Board Committees
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a nominating and corporate governance committee.
Audit Committee. The audit committee is responsible for reviewing the financial information that will be provided to shareholders and others, reviewing the systems of internal controls that management and the board of directors have established, appointing, retaining and overseeing the performance of independent registered public accounting firms, overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our consolidated financial statements, and pre-approving audit and permissible non-audit services provided by independent registered public accounting firms. Tsung-Ming Chung, Lien-Chun Liu, and Yung-Chien Wang are members of our audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Chung, the Chairman of the audit committee, is the committee’s “Audit Committee Financial Expert” as required by Nasdaq and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules.
Compensation Committee. The compensation committee’s basic responsibility is to review the performance and development of management in achieving corporate goals and objectives and to assure that our senior executives are compensated effectively in a manner consistent with our strategy, competitive practice and the requirements of the appropriate regulatory bodies. Toward that end, this committee oversees, reviews and administers all of our compensation, equity and employee benefit plans and programs. Lien-Chun Liu, Steve Chen, and Yung-Chien Wang are members of our compensation committee, with Mr. Chen serving as the Chairman of the committee.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for overseeing, reviewing and making periodic recommendations concerning our corporate governance policies, and for recommending to the full board of directors candidates for election to the board of directors. Lien-Chun Liu, Steve Chen, and Yung-Chien Wang are members of our nominating and corporate governance committee, with Ms. Liu serving as the Chairman of the committee.
Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics, which is applicable to all of our employees. Our Code of Ethics is posted on our website at www.siliconmotion.com.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to the best interests of our company. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to our company, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| • | convening shareholders’ meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; |
| • | implementing shareholders’ resolutions; |
| • | determining our business plans and investment proposals; |
| • | formulating our profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans; |
| • | determining our debt and finance policies and proposals for the increase or decrease in our registered capital and the issuance of debentures; |
| • | formulating our major acquisition and disposition plans, and plans for merger, division or dissolution; |
| • | proposing amendments to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association; and |
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| • | exercising any other powers conferred by the shareholders’ meetings or under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. |
Terms of Directors and Officers
Under Cayman Islands law and our articles of association, our directors hold office until a successor has been duly elected and qualified. Our articles of association provide that our directors serve for a term of three years, with one-third of the directors (or, if their number is not a multiple of three, the number nearest to but not greater than one-third) subject to re-election at each annual general meeting of shareholders (chairman and managing director not subject to retirement by rotation nor to be taken into account in determining the number of directors to retire), unless the director was appointed by the board of directors, in which case such director holds office until the next annual meeting of shareholders at which time such director is eligible for re-election. One of our seven directors is currently subject to re-election at our next annual general meeting of shareholders. All of our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors.
Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification Matters
Cayman Islands law and our articles of association allow us to indemnify our directors, secretary and other officers acting in relation to any of our affairs against actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses incurred by reason of any act done or omitted in the execution of their duties as our directors, secretary and other officers. Under our memorandum and articles of association, indemnification is not available to any matter in respect of any fraud, dishonesty, willful misconduct or bad faith which may attach to any of them.
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the aggregate compensation to our directors and senior executive officers was approximately US$5.85 million. In 2022, we granted restricted stock units to our directors and executive officers as a group to acquire an aggregate of 69,600 ordinary shares. The restricted stock units granted to our executive officers and non-executive directors are subject to the same vesting conditions as those of our employees.
Service Contracts
We currently do not have service contracts with our directors.
Share-Based Compensation Plans and Option Grants
On June 3, 2015, the board of directors adopted the 2015 Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2015 Plan reserved 20,000,000 ordinary shares for issuance upon exercise of stock options and restricted stock units. The Plans provide for the grant of stock options, stock bonuses, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights, which may be granted to our employees (including officers), directors and consultants.
Share Reserve. The aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2015 Plan will not exceed 20,000,000. Guidelines for Issuance and Subscription of Employee Stock Option, which options we have, subject to the consent of the respective option-holders, agreed to assume in the share exchange.
The following types of shares issued under the Plans may again become available for the grant of new awards under the Plans: restricted stock issued under the Plans that is forfeited or repurchased by us prior to it becoming fully vested; shares withheld for taxes; shares tendered to us to pay the exercise price of an option; and shares subject to awards issued under the Plans that have expired or otherwise terminated without having been exercised in full.
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Administration. The board of directors will administer the Plans and may delegate this authority to administer the plan to a committee. Subject to the terms of the Plans, the plan administrator, which is our board of directors or its authorized committee, determines recipients, grant dates, the amounts and types of stock awards to be granted and the terms and conditions of the stock awards, including the period of their exercisability and vesting. Subject to certain limitations, the plan administrator will also determine the exercise price of options granted, the purchase price for restricted stock and restricted stock units, and, if applicable, the strike price for stock appreciation rights.
Capitalization adjustments. In the event of a dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, ordinary shares, other securities, or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, exchange of our ordinary shares or our other securities, or other change in our corporate structure, the board of directors may adjust the number and class of shares that may be delivered under the Plans and the number, class and price of the shares covered by each outstanding stock award.
Changes in control. In the event of a change in control of the company, all outstanding options and other awards under the Plans may be assumed, continued or substituted for by any surviving or acquiring entity. If the surviving or acquiring entity elects not to assume, continue or substitute for such awards, the vesting of such awards held by award holders whose service with us or any of our affiliates has not terminated will be accelerated and such awards will be fully vested and exercisable immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction, and the stock awards shall automatically terminate upon consummation of such transaction if not exercised prior to such event.
Future amendments and termination. The board of directors may amend (subject to shareholder approval if required by applicable law), suspend or terminate the 2015 Plan at any time. The 2015 Plan will terminate pursuant to its terms on June 3, 2025.
Employees
The following table sets forth the number of our employees categorized by function as of the dates indicated.
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Management and administration |
120 | 128 | 133 | |||||||||
| Operations |
35 | 43 | 46 | |||||||||
| Research and development |
964 | 1,065 | 1,262 | |||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
204 | 198 | 202 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total |
1,323 | 1,434 | 1,643 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
As of December 31, 2022, we had 1,643 total employees, including 1,338 in Taiwan, 34 in the United States, 251 in China, 10 in Korea, and 10 in Japan. 1,445 of our total employees are engineers.
We do not have any collective bargaining arrangements with our employees and consider our relations with our employees to be good.
Share Ownership
Under U.S. securities law, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. A person is also deemed to be the beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed a beneficial owner of securities as to which such person has no economic interest.
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There were 133,629,072 of our ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2023. The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of March 31, 2023, less otherwise indicated in the footnotes, by each of our directors and officers:
| Shares Beneficially Owned |
||||||||
| Number | % | |||||||
| Executive Officers and Directors: |
||||||||
| James Chow (1) |
1,603,666 | 1.20 | ||||||
| Wallace C. Kou |
1,704,856 | 1.28 | ||||||
| Steve Chen |
81,200 | * | ||||||
| Tsung-Ming Chung |
111,200 | * | ||||||
| Lien-Chun Liu |
265,480 | * | ||||||
| Yung-Chien Wang |
845,874 | * | ||||||
| Han-Ping D. Shieh |
24,011 | * | ||||||
| Kenneth Kuan-Ming Lin |
51,200 | * | ||||||
| Riyadh Lai (2) |
1,832,180 | 1.37 | ||||||
| Nelson Duann |
60,000 | * | ||||||
| Arthur Yeh |
66,524 | * | ||||||
| Robert Fan |
56,000 | * | ||||||
| Ken Chen (3) |
230,849 | * | ||||||
| Kevin Yeh |
68,800 | * | ||||||
| Kevin Tsai |
17,200 | * | ||||||
| * | Less than one percent |
| (1) | Represents 1,603,666 shares owned by Mr. Chow. Mr. Chow is the chairman of Concord Consulting Inc. and Concord Financial Co. Ltd. which owned 42,445 and 196,491 shares, respectively. Mr. Chow disclaims any beneficial ownership of these shares. |
| (2) | Represents 1,012,300 shares owned by Mr. Lai and 819,880 shares owned by his spouse. |
| (3) | Represents 225,124 shares owned by Mr. Chen and 5,725 shares owned by his spouse. |
| ITEM 7. | MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
Major Shareholders
As of March 31, 2023, there were 133,629,072 of our ordinary shares outstanding. The Bank of New York Mellon, the depositary under our ADS deposit agreement, has advised us that as of March 31, 2023, we had 33,339,808 ADSs, representing 133,359,232 ordinary shares.
We are not aware of any shareholder holding in excess of 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares. To our knowledge, we are not owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal persons, severally or jointly.
No holder of our ordinary shares has preferential voting rights.
Related Party Transactions
No related party transactions occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022.
| ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Consolidated Financial Statements
See “Item 18. Financial Statements” and pages F-1 through F-29 of this annual report.
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Legal Proceedings
As an active operating company, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of such proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Any litigation, however, involves potential risk and potentially significant litigation costs, and therefore there can be no assurance that any litigation which is now pending or which may arise in the future would not have such material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. On April 5, 2022, we were named as defendant in a patent infringement lawsuit was filed against our company by Rampart Asset Management LLC in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Divisions. The parties entered into a settlement agreement on October 31, 2022, which included the payment of US$390 thousand to the plaintiff. The amount we paid to Rampart was diligently negotiated and did not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position or cash flow.
Dividend Policy
See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Business — There can be no assurance that we will declare cash dividends in the future in any particular amounts or at all” of this annual report.
Significant Changes
No significant changes have occurred since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements.
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| ITEM 9. | THE OFFER AND LISTING |
Market and Share Price Information
Our ADSs, each representing four of our ordinary shares, have been listed on Nasdaq since June 30, 2005. Our ADSs trade under the symbol “SIMO.” The Nasdaq Global Select Market is the principal trading market for our ADSs, which are not listed on any other exchanges in or outside the United States. The high and low sales prices of our ADSs on Nasdaq since 2018 are as follows:
| Price per ADS (US$) | ||||||||
| High | Low | |||||||
| Annual: |
||||||||
| 2018 |
61.85 | 31.73 | ||||||
| 2019 |
50.87 | 30.86 | ||||||
| 2020 |
53.04 | 26.72 | ||||||
| 2021 |
96.73 | 46.54 | ||||||
| 2022 |
98.65 | 51.82 | ||||||
| Quarterly: |
||||||||
| First Quarter, 2021 |
67.69 | 46.54 | ||||||
| Second Quarter, 2021 |
74.10 | 60.00 | ||||||
| Third Quarter, 2021 |
81.87 | 58.86 | ||||||
| Fourth Quarter, 2021 |
96.73 | 66.06 | ||||||
| First Quarter, 2022 |
96.89 | 64.41 | ||||||
| Second Quarter, 2022 |
98.65 | 65.03 | ||||||
| Third Quarter, 2022 |
88.65 | 64.85 | ||||||
| Fourth Quarter, 2022 |
70.25 | 51.82 | ||||||
| First Quarter, 2023 |
71.21 | 58.80 | ||||||
| Second Quarter, 2023 (1) |
66.58 | 62.31 | ||||||
| Monthly |
||||||||
| November 2022 |
64.32 | 53.83 | ||||||
| December 2022 |
68.09 | 60.93 | ||||||
| January 2023 |
68.61 | 61.29 | ||||||
| February 2023 |
71.21 | 63.38 | ||||||
| March 2023 |
69.32 | 58.80 | ||||||
| April 2023 (1) |
66.58 | 62.31 | ||||||
| (1) | Through April 26, 2023. |
| ITEM 10. | ADDITIONAL INFORMATION |
Memorandum and Articles of Association
The information called for by Item 10B (“Memorandum and Articles of Association”) is incorporated by reference to the information under the heading “Description of Share Capital” in our Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended (Registration Number 333-125673) and as filed with the SEC on June 9, 2005.
Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts within the past two fiscal years other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4, “Information on the Company” or elsewhere in this annual report.
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Taxation
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder, as defined below, who purchases our ADSs and ordinary shares. This discussion assumes that investors will hold their ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation which may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special taxation, such as:
| • | banks and financial institutions; |
| • | brokers and dealers in securities or currencies; |
| • | insurance companies; |
| • | tax-exempt organizations and retirement plans; |
| • | grantor trusts; |
| • | S corporations; |
| • | persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares as part of hedging, conversion, constructive sale, straddle or other integrated transactions; |
| • | persons who acquired their ordinary shares upon the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation; |
| • | persons who have elected the mark-to-market method of accounting; |
| • | persons who own 10% or more of our ADSs or shares; |
| • | real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies; |
| • | U.S. persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar; |
| • | certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States; and |
| • | Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below). |
This discussion is based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. Furthermore, the discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and U.S. Treasury regulations, rulings and judicial decisions hereunder as of the date hereof. Such authorities are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis, which may result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below.
For a discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger, please see the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the Merger Proxy Statement.
A person considering an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares is urged to consult its tax advisor concerning U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax consequences.
A U.S. Holder is a beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| • | a citizen or resident individual of the United States; |
| • | a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; |
| • | an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of its source; or |
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| • | a trust if it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
A beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares that is not a U.S. Holder is referred to herein as a “Non-U.S. Holder.” If a partnership or limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds ADSs or ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner or member will generally depend on the status of the partner or member and the activities of the partnership or such limited liability company. A partner of a partnership or a member of such a limited liability company holding ADSs or ordinary shares is urged to consult its tax advisors regarding an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares.
ADSs. In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of ADSs will be treated as the owner of the underlying ordinary shares that are represented by such ADSs. Deposits and withdrawals of ordinary shares in exchange for ADSs will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation.
Distributions on ADSs or ordinary shares. Unless the passive foreign investment company rules, as discussed below, apply, the gross amount of the distributions in respect of the ADSs or ordinary shares will be subject to tax as dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Subject to certain limitations, dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, may be eligible for a reduced rate of taxation if we are deemed to be a “qualified foreign corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, provided that such holder satisfies certain holding period requirements with respect to the ownership of our ADSs or ordinary shares. Subject to the exceptions discussed below, a corporation is a qualified foreign corporation if it is:
| • | a foreign corporation that is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program; or |
| • | a foreign corporation if its stock with respect to which a dividend is paid or its ADSs backed by such stock are readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States. |
The Cayman Islands does not currently have a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States. A foreign corporation (even if it is described above) does not constitute a qualified foreign corporation if, for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, the foreign corporation is or was a passive foreign investment company. Although we believe that we are a qualified foreign corporation because the ADSs will be traded on an established U.S. securities market and, as discussed below, we believe that we were not a passive foreign investment company for our 2022 tax year, no assurance can be given in this regard. In addition, our status as a qualified foreign corporation may change. A U.S. Holder that exchanges its ADSs for ordinary shares may not be eligible for the reduced rate of taxation on dividends if the ordinary shares are not deemed to be readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States.
Dividends will be includable in a U.S. Holder’s gross income on the date actually or constructively received by the depositary, in the case of ADSs or, in the case of ordinary shares, by such U.S. Holder. These dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
To the extent we pay dividends on the ADSs or ordinary shares in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, the U.S. dollar value of such dividends should be calculated by reference to the exchange rate prevailing on the date of actual or constructive receipt of the dividend, regardless of whether the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of actual or constructive receipt of such dividends, the tax basis of the U.S. Holder in such foreign currency will be equal to its U.S. dollar value on that date and, as a result, the U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize any foreign currency exchange gain or loss. Dividends paid in respect of the ADSs or ordinary shares generally will be treated as income from sources outside the United States.
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To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital, causing a reduction in the adjusted basis of the ADSs or ordinary shares, and the balance in excess of adjusted basis will be taxed as capital gain.
Sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares. Unless the passive foreign investment company rules, as discussed below, apply, upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange or other disposition and the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. Holder in the ADSs or ordinary shares. The capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of sale, exchange or other disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the ADS or ordinary share for more than one year. Net long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, are generally eligible for preferential rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss that a U.S. Holder recognizes generally will be treated as gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
Additional tax on net investment income. An additional 3.8% federal income tax may be assessed on net investment income (including dividends, other distributions, and gain realized on the sale of ADSs or ordinary shares) earned by certain U.S. Holders. This tax does not apply to U.S. Holders who hold ADSs or ordinary shares in the ordinary course of certain trades or businesses.
Passive foreign investment company rules. In general, we will be classified as a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year in which either (a) at least 75% of our gross income is passive income or (b) at least 50% of the value (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. If we own directly or indirectly at least 25% by value of the equity shares of another corporation, we will be treated for purposes of the passive foreign investment company tests as owning a proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as receiving directly a proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.
We believe, based on our present and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, we were not classified as a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our 2022 tax year, although no assurance can be given in this regard. Whether we are a passive foreign investment company for any particular taxable year is determined on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets, including goodwill. The calculation of goodwill will be based, in part, on the then market value of our capital stock, which is subject to fluctuation. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a passive foreign investment company in the current or any future taxable year.
If we are a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder has an equity interest in our company, unless the U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election as discussed below, such U.S. Holder will be subject to special tax rules in any future taxable year regardless of whether we are classified as a passive foreign investment company in such future years with respect to (a) “excess distributions” and (b) gain from the disposition of stock. Excess distributions are defined generally as the excess of the amount received with respect to the equity interests in the taxable year over 125% of the average annual distributions received in the shorter of either the three previous years or a U.S. Holder’s holding period before the taxable year and must be allocated ratably to each day of the U.S. Holder’s holding period. The amount allocated to the current taxable year or any year before we became a passive foreign investment company will be included as ordinary income in a U.S. Holder’s gross income for that year. The amount allocated to other prior taxable years will be taxed as ordinary income at the highest rate in effect for a U.S. Holder in that prior year and the tax is subject to an interest charge at the rate applicable to deficiencies in income taxes. The entire amount of any gain realized upon the sale or other disposition of the equity interests will be treated as an excess distribution made in the year of sale or other disposition and as a consequence will be treated as ordinary income and, to the extent
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allocated to years prior to the year of sale or disposition with respect to which we were a passive foreign investment company, will be subject to the interest charge described above.
In certain circumstances, instead of being subject to the excess distribution rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder may make an election to include gain on the ADSs or ordinary shares of a passive foreign investment company as ordinary income under a mark-to-market method, provided that the ADSs or ordinary shares are regularly traded on a qualified exchange. Under current law, the mark-to-market election is only available for ADSs or ordinary shares that are regularly traded within the meaning of U.S. Treasury regulations on certain designated U.S. exchanges and foreign exchanges that meet trading, listing, financial disclosure and other requirements to be treated as a qualified exchange under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. The Nasdaq Stock Market is a qualified exchange. The ordinary shares may not be eligible for mark-to-market treatment under the foregoing rule even if the ADSs otherwise satisfy the applicable requirement.
If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, the U.S. Holder will include each year as ordinary income, rather than capital gain, the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the U.S. Holder’s ADSs or ordinary shares at the end of the taxable year over such U.S. Holder’s adjusted basis in the ADSs (or ordinary shares, if applicable) and will be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of these ADSs or ordinary shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. A U.S. Holder’s basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. Any gain or loss on the sale of the ADSs or ordinary shares will be ordinary income or loss, except that this loss will be ordinary loss only to the extent of the previously included net mark-to-market gain.
If we are a passive foreign investment company then, under certain circumstances a U.S. Holder must file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621.
A U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares if we are or become a passive foreign investment company, including the possibility of making a mark-to-market election.
Information Reporting and Back-up Withholding. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally requires that individuals that hold certain specified foreign financial assets worth in excess of certain thresholds of $50,000 or more, depending on the individual’s circumstances, report such ownership to the IRS using IRS Form 8938. The definition of specified foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity. A U.S. Holder may be subject to this reporting requirement unless such holder’s ADSs or ordinary shares are held in an account at a domestic financial institution. The penalty for failing to file Form 8938 is substantial.
U.S. holders generally are subject to information reporting requirements with respect to dividends on, or proceeds from the disposition of, our ordinary shares. In addition, a U.S. holder may be subject, under certain circumstances, to backup withholding at a rate of up to 24% with respect to dividends paid on, or proceeds from the disposition of, our ordinary shares unless the U.S. holder provides proof of an applicable exemption or correct taxpayer identification number, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. holder of our ordinary shares who provides an incorrect taxpayer identification number may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules are not an additional tax and may be refunded or credited against the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levy no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other
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taxes likely to be material to our company levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties that may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of, the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands are not party to any double taxation treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
We have, pursuant to Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (1999 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, obtained an undertaking from the Governor-in-Council that:
| • | no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits or income or gains or appreciation applies to us or our operations; and |
| • | the aforesaid tax or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax are not payable on our ordinary shares, debentures or other obligations. |
The undertaking that we have obtained is for a period of 20 years from March 1, 2005.
In December 2018, the Cayman Islands published The International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Law in response to the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) standards. Silicon Motion Technology Corp. is a Cayman company and may be affected by the new law’s economic substance requirements, which require companies registered in the Cayman Islands to show business activity in the Caymans, tax residency elsewhere, or be subject to penalties. Economic substance requirements will apply to existing Cayman companies, such as our company, from July 1, 2019. See “Risk Factor — The enactment of legislation implementing changes in taxation of international business activities, the adoption of other tax reform policies or change in tax legislation or policies could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.”
Documents on Display
We have previously filed with the SEC our registration statement on Form F-6 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) with respect to our ADSs.
We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F no later than four months after the close of each fiscal year, which is December 31. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and our officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Copies of reports and other information, when so filed, may be inspected without charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington D.C. at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a Website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
| ITEM 11. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Interest rate risk. Our exposure to changes in interest rates is limited to interest income generated by our cash deposited with banks and short-term investments maintained in principal protected notes. We have not entered into any interest rate swap transactions. We do not believe that a 1% change in interest rates would have a significant impact on our operations.
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Foreign currency risk. The majority of our revenue, cost of sales, accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable are denominated in U.S. dollars. The majority of our operating expense relating to salaries and benefits and accounts payable related to these expenses are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the NT dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could harm our business in the future. We do not utilize foreign exchange derivatives contracts to protect against changes in foreign exchange rates.
Also refer to “Risk Factors — Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted by the political and economic conditions of the countries in which we conduct business and operate.”
Investment Risk. We have minority stake equity investments in Cashido, Vastview, Kinara and BIWIN, companies related to the semiconductor and other technology industries. These investments are accounted for under the cost method because our ownership is less than 20% and we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations of these companies. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate carrying value of investments on our balance sheet was US$9.3 million. BIWIN was listed to the Science and Technology Innovation Board of Shanghai Stock Exchange in December 2022 and we had unrealized holding gain US$896 thousand in 2022. We monitor these investments for impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying value when an impairment is deemed to be other than temporary. There were no impairments losses for the years ended on December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.
| ITEM 12. | DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES |
Depositary Fees and Charges. For the year-ended December 31, 2022, our depositary bank owed us a reimbursement of US$0.6 million, net of withholding tax, for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees and our other expenses incurred in connection with maintaining and promoting our ADS program, which was paid in full in January 2023. In addition, the depositary bank has agreed to reimburse us annually for a fixed number of years for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees and our other expenses incurred in connection with maintaining and promoting our ADS program. The amount of annual reimbursements is subject to certain limits.
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PART II
| ITEM 13. | DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 14. | MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 15. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the material financial and non-financial information required to be disclosed in this annual report on Form 20-F and filed with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. The evaluation was performed with the participation of our key corporate senior management, and under the supervision of our Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, Riyadh Lai, and our President and Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, Wallace Kou. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, rather than absolute, assurances of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with appropriate authorizations; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this annual report based on the criteria set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Their assessment included an evaluation of the design of our internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that assessment, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2022, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Deloitte & Touche, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report has issued an attestation report regarding internal control over financial reporting.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During 2022, no change to our internal control over financial reporting occurred that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
All internal control systems no matter how well designed and implemented have inherent limitations. Even systems determined to be effective may not prevent or detect misstatements or fraud and can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to disclosure and financial statement presentation and reporting. Additionally, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changed conditions and the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Attestation Report Of The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Silicon Motion Technology Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated April 28, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche
Taipei, Taiwan
Republic of China
April 28, 2023
| ITEM 16A. | AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT |
Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Tsung-Ming Chung, the Chairman of our audit committee and an independent director, is an “audit committee financial expert” under Nasdaq and SEC rules.
| ITEM 16B. | CODE OF ETHICS |
Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to every employee of our company, including our CEO and our CFO, consistent with the requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market. A copy of our code of ethics has been filed with the SEC as Exhibit 11.1 to our annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2006 and has not been amended. For further information, see our Code of Ethics posted on our website (www.siliconmotion.com).
| ITEM 16C. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
Deloitte & Touche has acted as the independent registered public accountants of our company and its subsidiaries for 2021 and 2022. The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Deloitte & Touche for the periods indicated.
| 2021 | 2022 | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Audit Fees (1) |
881 | 944 | ||||||
| Tax Fees (2) |
198 | 198 | ||||||
| All Other Fees (3) |
— | 16 | ||||||
| Total |
1,079 | 1,158 | ||||||
| (1) | Audit Fees. This category includes the audit and review of our annual financial statements and services that are normally provided by the independent auditors in connection with regulatory filings or engagements, advice provided on audit and accounting matters that arise during, or as a result of, the audits or the reviews of interim financial statements, audit procedures related to reviews of offering documents, registration statements and issuance of comfort letters. |
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| (2) | Tax Fees. This category consists of professional services rendered by Deloitte & Touche for tax compliance and tax advice. The services for the fees disclosed in this category include tax return preparation and technical tax advice. |
| (3) | All other fees. This category includes professional services associated with other advisory services rendered by Deloitte & Touche. |
Our audit committee is responsible for the retention of our independent registered public accounting firm, which currently is Deloitte & Touche. Our audit committee has adopted its own rules of procedure, in the form of an audit committee charter. The audit committee’s rules of procedure provide for a process with respect to the prior approval of all non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditors. Our audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the scope and results of our annual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies related to the adequacy of our internal accounting controls.
In 2022 our audit committee approved all of the audit services provided by Deloitte & Touche and the other services provided by Deloitte & Touche.
| ITEM 16D. | EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 16E. | PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS |
The following purchases of our ADSs were made in 2021 under a repurchase plan of up to $200 million of our ADSs announced in 2021. Such program was announced December 7, 2021 and had a six month period. As of May 4, 2022, prior to discontinuation of share repurchases with the announcement of our pending transaction with MaxLinear, we repurchased US$178.9 million of our ADSs at an average price of US$81.91 per ADS.
| Period |
Total Number of ADS Purchased (thousands) |
Average Price Paid Per ADS (In US$) |
Total Amount of ADS Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan (In US$ million) |
Dollar Value of ADS That Yet May be Purchased Under Plan (In US$ million) |
||||||||||||
| December 2021 |
556 | $ | 89.87 | $ | 50 | $ | 150 | |||||||||
| January 2022 |
566 | $ | 88.36 | $ | 50 | $ | 100 | |||||||||
| February 2022 |
323 | $ | 77.41 | $ | 25 | $ | 75 | |||||||||
| March 2022 |
358 | $ | 70.01 | $ | 25 | $ | 50 | |||||||||
| April 2022 |
333 | $ | 75.08 | $ | 25 | $ | 25 | |||||||||
| May 2022 |
47 | $ | 79.67 | $ | 4 | $ | 21 | |||||||||
| ITEM 16F. | CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 16G. | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable Cayman Islands law. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we are subject to Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits foreign private issuers like us to follow “home country practice” with respect to certain corporate governance matters, such as, for example, our establishment in 2015 of our 2015 Incentive Plan. We are committed to a high standard of corporate governance. As such, we endeavor to comply with the Nasdaq corporate governance practices and believe that we are currently in compliance with Nasdaq corporate governance practices that are applicable to foreign private issuers.
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| ITEM 16H. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE. |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 16I. | DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS. |
Not applicable.
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PART III
| ITEM 17. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 18. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Our consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report at pages F-1 through F-29.
| ITEM 19. | EXHIBITS |
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| Exhibit Number |
Description | |
| 23.1* | Consent of Deloitte & Touche. | |
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document — the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |
| 101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File — the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL document set | |
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith. |
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| SILICON MOTION TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION | ||
| By: | /s/ Wallace C. Kou | |
| Wallace C. Kou, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Date: April 28, 2023
64
F-2 |
||||
F-4 |
||||
F-5 |
||||
F-6 |
||||
F-7 |
||||
F-8 |
||||
F-9 |
• |
We obtained an understanding of the Company’s methodology for determining inventory that is obsolete or unmarketable and the key assumptions and judgments made as part of the process, including the forecasted demand. |
• |
We tested the effectiveness of controls over the review of the provision for obsolete or unmarketable inventories based on the Company’s methodology, including management’s evaluation of the inventory aging and the forecasted demand. |
• |
We tested the accuracy and completeness of the underlying data management utilized in evaluating inventory aging of the obsolescence reserve on a sampling basis. |
• |
We evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s methodology and key assumptions and judgments the Company used to estimate the net realizable value of inventory by performing the following: |
• |
We compared the inventory level to forecasted product demand, historical sales, and subsequent sales. |
• |
We performed peer analysis and industry analysis to evaluate the reasonableness of the trend of the forecasted product demand. |
• |
We performed corroborating inquiries with the personnel responsible for sales forecasting to evaluate the reasonableness of the product demand forecasts. |
• |
We made inquiries of various personnel in the Company including, but not limited to, finance and operations personnel about the expected timing of the introduction of new products. |
• |
We tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculations. |
• |
We evaluated whether there is an existence of contradictory evidence based on the information obtained from the Company’s internal communications to management, press releases, and industry reports, as well as our observations and inquires as to changes within the business. |
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
| ASSETS |
||||||||
| Current Assets |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
||||||||
| Notes and accounts receivable, net |
||||||||
| Inventories |
||||||||
| Restricted assets-current |
||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total current assets |
||||||||
| Long-term investments |
||||||||
| Property and equipment, net |
||||||||
| Deferred income tax assets, net |
||||||||
| Operating lease assets |
||||||||
| Other assets |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total assets |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
||||||||
| Current Liabilities |
||||||||
| Notes and accounts payable |
||||||||
| Income tax payable |
||||||||
| Refund liabilities |
||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total current liabilities |
||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total liabilities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 17) |
||||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity |
||||||||
| Ordinary Shares at US$ |
||||||||
| Authorized: |
||||||||
| Issued and outstanding: |
||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital |
||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
( |
) | ||||||
| Retained e arnings |
||||||||
| Treasury stock |
( |
) | — | |||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
NET SALES |
||||||||||||
COST OF SALES |
||||||||||||
GROSS PROFIT |
||||||||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES |
||||||||||||
Research and development |
||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
||||||||||||
General and administrative |
||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
||||||||||||
Loss from settlement of litigation |
||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
||||||||||||
OPERATING INCOME |
||||||||||||
NON-OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES) |
||||||||||||
Loss from disposal of subsidiary |
( |
) | — | — | ||||||||
Unrealized holding gain on investment |
||||||||||||
Gain from disposal of short-term investments |
— | — | ||||||||||
Interest income |
||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Interest expense |
( |
) | — | ( |
) | |||||||
Other income (loss), net |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
Total non-operating income (loss) |
( |
) | ||||||||||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX |
||||||||||||
INCOME TAX EXPENSE |
||||||||||||
NET INCOME |
||||||||||||
EARNINGS PER ORDINARY SHARE: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
||||||||||||
Diluted |
||||||||||||
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ORDINARY SHARES OUTSTANDING |
||||||||||||
Basic (Thousands) |
||||||||||||
Diluted (Thousands) |
||||||||||||
EARNINGS PER ADS (one ADS equals four ordinary shares): |
||||||||||||
Basic |
||||||||||||
Diluted |
||||||||||||
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ADS OUTSTANDING |
||||||||||||
Basic (Thousands) |
||||||||||||
Diluted (Thousands) |
||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
NET INCOME |
||||||||||||
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX EFFECT OF NIL |
||||||||||||
Change in net foreign currency translation adjustments |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Change in deferred pension gain (loss) |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) |
( |
) | ||||||||||
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
||||||||||||
Ordinary Share |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock |
Total Shareholders’ Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(thousands) |
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2020 |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expenses |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of ordinary shares upon exercise of restricted stock units |
( |
) | — | — | — | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share repurchase |
— | — | — | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock retired |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | — | ( |
) | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared (US$ |
— | — | — | — | ( |
) | — | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2020 |
( |
) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
— | — | — | ( |
) | — | — | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expenses |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of ordinary shares upon exercise of restricted stock units |
( |
) | — | — | — | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share repurchase |
— | — | — | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared (US$ |
— | — | — | — | ( |
) | — | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2021 |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expenses |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of ordinary shares upon exercise of restricted stock units |
( |
) | — | — | — | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share repurchase |
— | — | — | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock retired |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | — | ( |
) | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to dividends paid |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
||||||||||||
| Net income |
||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
||||||||||||
| Loss on pension curtailment or settlement |
— | |||||||||||
| Gain from disposal of short-term investments |
( |
) | — | — | ||||||||
| Loss from disposal of subsidiary |
— | — | ||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gain on investment |
— | ( |
) | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of property and equipment |
||||||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill |
— | — | ||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
| Short-term investments |
— | — | ||||||||||
| Notes and accounts receivable |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
| Inventories |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Other assets |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Notes and accounts payable |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Refund liabilities |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
||||||||||||
| Income tax payable |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Other liabilities |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
||||||||||||
| Purchase of long-term investment |
( |
) | ( |
) | — | |||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
||||||||||||
| Repayments of bank loan |
( |
) | — | ( |
) | |||||||
| Proceeds from bank loan |
— | |||||||||||
| Dividends paid |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Share repurchase |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF YEAR |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION |
||||||||||||
| Interest paid |
— | |||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Income taxes paid |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
| Unpaid purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Dividend declared included in accrued expenses and accrued liabilities |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency items |
Defined benefit pension plans |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
Foreign currency items |
Defined benefit pension plans |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
Foreign currency items |
Defined benefit pension plans |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Current-period change |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Cash and deposits in bank |
||||||||
Time deposits |
||||||||
Repurchase agreements |
||||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents |
||||||||
Restricted cash |
||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Trade accounts receivable |
||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Allowances for doubtful accounts |
||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year |
||||||||||||
Additions (reversals) charged to expense, net |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Write-offs |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
Balance, end of year |
||||||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Finished goods |
||||||||
Work in process |
||||||||
Raw materials |
||||||||
Percentage of Ownership |
December 31 |
|||||||||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||||||||||
Equity securities measured at cost: |
||||||||||||||||
Cashido Corp. (Cashido) |
% | % | — | — | ||||||||||||
Vastview Technology, Corp. (Vastview) |
% | % | — | — | ||||||||||||
Kinara, Inc (Kinara) |
% | % | ||||||||||||||
BIWIN Storage Technology Corp.(BIWIN) |
% | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities: |
||||||||||||||||
BIWIN Storage Technology Corp.(BIWIN) |
— | % | ||||||||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Cost: |
||||||||
Land |
||||||||
Buildings |
||||||||
Machinery and equipment |
||||||||
Furniture and fixtures |
||||||||
Leasehold and buildings improvement |
||||||||
Software |
||||||||
Total |
||||||||
Accumulated depreciation: |
||||||||
Buildings |
||||||||
Machinery and equipment |
||||||||
Furniture and fixtures |
||||||||
Leasehold and buildings improvement |
||||||||
Software |
||||||||
Prepayment and construction in progress |
||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||||||||||||||
2020 |
||||||||||||||||||||
US$ |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost |
Disposal of FCI |
Accumulated Impairment |
Foreign Currency Adjustment |
Net Carrying Amount |
||||||||||||||||
Goodwill |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | — | |||||||||||||
in 2020 and 2022, respectively. Interest rates were
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Refund liabilities |
||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Refund liabilities |
||||||||
Balance, beginning of year |
||||||||
Additions |
||||||||
Actual sales return and discount |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Balance, end of year |
||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Wages and bonus |
||||||||
Dividends |
||||||||
License fees and royalties |
||||||||
Research and development payable |
||||||||
Fixture |
||||||||
Treasury stock |
||||||||
Lease liabilities – current portion |
||||||||
Equipment |
||||||||
Professional fees |
||||||||
Contract liabilities |
||||||||
Others |
||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Change in benefit obligation |
||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year |
||||||||||||
Service cost |
||||||||||||
Interest cost |
||||||||||||
Actuarial loss (gain) |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
Benefits paid |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Settlement |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation at end of year |
||||||||||||
Change in plan assets |
||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |
||||||||||||
Actual return on plan assets |
||||||||||||
Employer contributions |
||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |
||||||||||||
Funded status recognized as an other liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Net loss |
||||||||||||
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income |
||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Service cost |
||||||||||||
Interest cost |
||||||||||||
lan assets |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Amortization of unrecognized net transition obligation and unrecognized net actuarial gain |
||||||||||||
Curtailment or settlement loss |
||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Recognize the decrease in net gain (loss) |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss (income) |
( |
) | ||||||||||
US$ |
||||
2023 |
||||
2024 |
||||
2025 |
||||
2026 |
||||
2027 |
||||
2028 and thereafter |
||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: |
||||||||||||
Discount rate |
% | % | % | |||||||||
Rate of compensation increase |
% | % | % | |||||||||
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net projected benefit cost: |
||||||||||||
Discount rate |
% | % | % | |||||||||
Expected long-term return on plan assets |
% | % | % | |||||||||
Rate of compensation increase |
% | % | % | |||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Cayman |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Non-Cayman |
||||||||||||
Income before taxes |
||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Current |
|
|
|
|||||||||
Deferred |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Income tax expense |
|
|
||||||||||
Effective tax rate |
% | % | % | |||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Tax expense at Cayman statutory rate |
||||||||||||
Differences between Cayman and other statutory tax rates |
||||||||||||
Permanent differences |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
Temporary differences |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Alternative minimum tax |
||||||||||||
Income tax on undistributed earnings |
||||||||||||
Net changes in income tax credit |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Net changes in valuation allowance of deferred income tax assets |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Liabilities related to unrealized tax benefits |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Adjustment of prior years’ taxes and others |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Income tax expense |
||||||||||||
December 31 |
||||||||
2021 |
2022 |
|||||||
US$ |
US$ |
|||||||
Stock-based compensation |
||||||||
Allowance for sales return |
||||||||
Inventory reserve |
||||||||
Foreign currency translation |
( |
) | ||||||
Property and equipment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Investment tax credits |
||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
||||||||
Others |
||||||||
Valuation allowance |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Net deferred tax assets |
||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year |
||||||||||||
Increases in tax positions taken in current year |
||||||||||||
Decrease in tax position taken in prior year primarily related to the resolution of tax audit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
Balance, end of year |
||||||||||||
Tax Jurisdiction |
Tax Years | |
China |
||
Hong Kong |
||
Taiwan |
||
United States |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends Per Share (US$) |
Amount (in US$ thousand) |
Dividends Per Share (US$) |
Amount (in US$ thousand) |
Dividends Per Share (US$) |
Amount (in US$ thousand) |
|||||||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Second quarter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Third quarter |
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Fourth quarter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unit (in Thousands) |
||||
Available for grant at January 1, 2020 |
||||
Restricted stock units granted |
( |
) | ||
Restricted stock units forfeited |
||||
Available for grant at December 31, 2020 |
||||
Restricted stock units granted |
( |
) | ||
Restricted stock units forfeited |
||||
Available for grant at December 31, 2021 |
||||
Restricted stock units granted |
( |
) | ||
Restricted stock units forfeited |
||||
Available for grant at December 31, 2022 |
||||
Number of Non-vested Stock Units (in Thousands) |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (US$) |
Weight Average Remaining Recognition Period (Years) |
||||||||||
Non-vested at January 1, 2020 |
||||||||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
||||||||||||
Restricted stock units vested |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units forfeited |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 |
||||||||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
||||||||||||
Restricted stock units vested |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units forfeited |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Non-vested at December 31, 2021 |
||||||||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
||||||||||||
Restricted stock units vested |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units forfeited |
( |
) | ||||||||||
Non-vested at December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Cost of sales |
||||||||||||
Research and development |
||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
||||||||||||
General and administrative |
||||||||||||
Operating Lease Obligations |
||||
Fiscal Year: |
||||
2023 |
$ | |||
2024 |
||||
2025 |
||||
2026 |
||||
2027 |
||||
Total |
||||
Less imputed interest |
||||
Present value of net future minimum lease payments |
||||
Less operating lease |
||||
Long-term operating lease liabilities |
$ | |||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Mobile Storage |
||||||||||||
Others |
||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Taiwan |
||||||||||||
United States |
||||||||||||
Korea |
||||||||||||
China |
||||||||||||
Malaysia |
||||||||||||
Singapore |
||||||||||||
Others |
||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
US$ |
% |
US$ |
% |
US$ |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Intel |
* | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
Micron |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
SK Hynix |
* | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Less than 10% |
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
||||||||||
US$ |
US$ |
US$ |
||||||||||
Taiwan |
||||||||||||
China |
||||||||||||
Others |
||||||||||||
Exhibit 2.4
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
As of the end of the fiscal year covered by the annual report on Form 20-F (the “Annual Report”) of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation (“we,” “us” or “our”) to which this description is attached or incorporated by reference as an exhibit, we registered ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share (“ordinary shares”) and American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each representing four ordinary shares, as set forth below, pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”):
|
Title of Each Class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||
| Ordinary shares, par value US$0.01 per share* American Depositary Shares, each representing four ordinary shares |
SIMO | Nasdaq Global Select Market |
| * | Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market of ADSs, each representing four ordinary shares. |
The following contains a description of the rights of (i) holders of our ordinary shares and (ii) ADS holders.
DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES
The following summary of the material terms of our ordinary shares is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of our ordinary shares. This summary is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time (“our memorandum and articles of association”). We urge you to refer to our memorandum and articles of association in its entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our ordinary shares. A copy of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, both adopted by special resolution passed on April 22, 2005, were filed as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 to our Form F-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-125673), which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 9, 2005.
The number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of the end of the fiscal year covered by the Annual Report, as required by Item 9.A.5(a) of the Form 20-F, is given on the cover page of the Annual Report to which this description is attached or incorporated by reference as an exhibit. No share shall be issued to bearer.
Information called for by Items 9.A.3, A.5 and A.6 and Items 10.B.3, B.4, B.6, B.7, B.8, B.9 and B.10 of Form 20-F
See “Description of Share Capital” in the prospectus (File No. 333-125673) in connection with our initial public offering which we filed with the SEC on July 1, 2005 (the “IPO prospectus”). There has not been any change to the information called for by these Items since the filing date of the IPO prospectus. Set forth below is the hyperlink to our IPO prospectus at the SEC website: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1329394/000119312505136715/d424b4.htm#bc46130_15
Information called for by Item 9.A.7 of Form 20-F
Not applicable.
DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES
Information called for by Items 12.A, 12.B and 12.C of Form 20-F
Not applicable.
Information called for by Item 12.D.1 of Form 20-F
Shares underlying the ADSs are held by The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary. The depositary’s office at which the ADRs will be administered is located at 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286.
Information called for by Item 12.D.2
See “Description of American Depositary Shares” in the IPO prospectus. There has not been any change to the information called for by this Item since the filing date of the IPO prospectus. Set forth below is the hyperlink to the IPO prospectus at the SEC website: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1329394/000119312505136715/d424b4.htm#bc46130_16
Exhibit 8.1
Significant Subsidiaries of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation
| Name of Entity |
Jurisdiction of Incorporation | |
| Silicon Motion, Inc. | Taiwan | |
| Silicon Motion Technology (Macao) Ltd. | Macau | |
| Silicon Motion Technology (HK) Ltd. | Hong Kong |
Exhibit 12.1
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Wallace C. Kou, the Chief Executive Officer of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 28, 2023
| /s/ Wallace C. Kou | ||
| Name: | Wallace C. Kou | |
| Title: | President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Exhibit 12.2
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Riyadh Lai, the Chief Financial Officer of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 28, 2023
| /s/ Riyadh Lai | ||
| Name: | Riyadh Lai | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned each hereby certifies that, to his knowledge, the annual report on Form 20-F of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2022 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and that the information contained in the periodic report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation.
The foregoing certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 solely for purposes of complying with the provisions of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, is not intended to be used or relied upon for any other purpose and is not being filed as part of the periodic report or as a separate disclosure document.
Date: April 28, 2023
| /s/ Wallace C. Kou | ||
| Name: | Wallace C. Kou | |
| Title: | President and Chief Executive Officer | |
| /s/ Riyadh Lai | ||
| Name: | Riyadh Lai | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-204876 on Form S-8 of our reports dated April 28, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation and subsidiaries and the effectiveness of Silicon Motion Technology Corporation and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche
Taipei, Taiwan
Republic of China
April 28, 2023