SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc 10-K for FY2024
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (SITE)
10-K
2025-02-20
For: 2024-12-29
View Original
Added on
April 07, 2026
About this 10-K
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc filed this 10-K on February 20, 2025, covering the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 (FY2024).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $4.54B
- up 5.6% from $4.3B a year earlier
- Net income
- $123.6M
- down 28.7% from net income of $173.4M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $2.71
- down 28.7% from $3.80 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
__________________________
FORM 10-K
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| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended December 29 , 2024
or
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the Transition Period From __________ to ___________
Commission file number: 001-37760
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | ||||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(470 ) 277-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act:
| None | ||
| (Title of class) | ||
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | |||||||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2024, there were 45,119,721 shares of common stock of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. outstanding, and the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. held by non-affiliates (assuming only for purposes of this computation that directors and officers may be affiliates) was approximately $5,399,556,652 based on the closing price of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.’s common stock on The New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on June 28, 2024 (the last trading day of our most recently completed fiscal second quarter).
As of February 14, 2025, the number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding were 44,964,924 , par value $0.01 per share.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registrant’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof. Such Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 29, 2024.
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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, other periodic reports filed by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and other written or oral statements made from time to time by our management contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Terms such as “may,” “intend,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” or the negative of these terms, and similar expressions often signify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control, and because they also relate to the future, they are likewise subject to inherent uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the views, beliefs, and projections expressed in such statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•cyclicality in residential and commercial construction markets;
•general business, financial market, and economic conditions;
•severe weather and climate conditions;
•seasonality of our business and its impact on demand for our products;
•prices for the products we purchase may fluctuate, including as a result of commodity price deflation;
•market variables, including inflation and higher interest rates for prolonged periods;
•increases in operating costs;
•climate, environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;
•hazardous materials and related materials;
•laws and government regulations applicable to our business that could negatively impact demand for our products;
•public perceptions that our products and services are not environmentally friendly or that our practices are not sustainable;
•competitive industry pressures, including competition for our talent base;
•supply chain disruptions, product or labor shortages, and the loss of key suppliers;
•inventory management risks;
•ability to implement our business strategies and achieve our growth objectives;
•acquisition and integration risks, including increased competition for acquisitions;
•risks associated with our large labor force and our customers’ labor force and labor market disruptions;
•retention of key personnel;
•construction defect and product liability claims;
•impairment of goodwill;
•adverse credit and financial markets events and conditions;
•inefficient or ineffective allocation of capital;
•credit sale risks;
•performance of individual branches;
•cybersecurity incidents involving our systems or third-party systems;
•failure or malfunctions in our information technology systems;
•security of personal information about our customers;
•intellectual property and other proprietary rights;
•unanticipated changes in our tax provisions;
•threats from terrorism, violence, uncertain political conditions, and geopolitical conflicts such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Gaza Strip, and unrest in the Middle East;
•risks related to our current indebtedness and our ability to obtain financing in the future;
•financial institution disruptions;
•risks related to our common stock; and
•risks related to other factors discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all of them. We assume no obligation and do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements that are made from time to time, either as a result of future developments, new information or otherwise, except as may be required by law.
Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends, or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.
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PART I
As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, references to: “we,” “us,” “our,” “SiteOne,” or the “Company” refer to SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Holdings” refers to SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. individually without its subsidiaries. References to the “2024 Fiscal Year,” the “2023 Fiscal Year,” and the “2022 Fiscal Year” refer to the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Item 1. Business
The following discussion of our business contains “forward-looking statements,” as discussed in “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information” above. Our business, operations, and financial condition are subject to various risks as set forth in Part I, Item 1A., ‘‘Risk Factors’’ below. The following information should be read in conjunction with the Risk Factors, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Company Overview
We are the largest and only national full product line wholesale distributor of landscape supplies in the United States and have a growing presence in Canada. Our customers are primarily residential and commercial landscape professionals who specialize in the design, installation, and maintenance of lawns, gardens, golf courses, and other outdoor spaces. As of December 29, 2024, we had over 690 branch locations in 45 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces. Through our expansive North American network, we offer a comprehensive selection of approximately 170,000 stock keeping units (“SKUs”) including irrigation supplies, fertilizer and control products (e.g., herbicides), hardscapes (including pavers, natural stone, and blocks), landscape accessories, nursery goods, outdoor lighting, and ice melt products to green industry professionals. We also provide value-added consultative services to complement our product offerings and to help our customers operate and grow their businesses. Our consultative services include assistance with irrigation project take-offs, commercial project planning, generation of sales leads, business operations, and product support services, as well as a series of technical and business management seminars that we call SiteOne University.
Our typical customer is a private landscape contractor that operates in a single market. We interact regularly with our customers because of the recurring nature of landscape services and because most contractors buy products on an as-needed basis. We believe our high-touch customer service model strengthens relationships, builds loyalty, and drives repeat business. In addition, our broad product portfolio, convenient branch locations, and nationwide fleet of over 2,800 delivery vehicles position us well to meet the needs of our customers and ensure timely delivery of products. We source our products from approximately 5,800 suppliers, including the major irrigation equipment manufacturers, turf and ornamental fertilizer/chemical companies, and a variety of suppliers who specialize in nursery goods, outdoor lighting, hardscapes, and other landscape products.
We have a balanced mix of sales across product categories, construction sectors, and end markets. We derived approximately 61% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales from the residential construction sector, 31% from the commercial (including institutional) construction sector, and 8% from the recreational and other construction sector. By end market, we derived approximately 35% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales from the sale of products relating to new construction of homes, commercial buildings and facilities, and recreational spaces. These products primarily include irrigation, hardscapes, landscape accessories, nursery, and outdoor lighting. The sale of products relating to maintenance of existing residential, commercial, and recreational properties accounted for approximately 35% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales. The recurring nature of landscape maintenance demand helps to provide stability in our financial performance across economic cycles. Fertilizer and control products are the primary products used in maintenance. Approximately 30% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales were derived from sales of products for the repair and upgrade of existing landscapes. These sales benefit from increases in existing home sales and rising consumer spending.
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Net Sales for the 2024 Fiscal Year
Our History
Our company was established after Deere & Company (“Deere”) entered the wholesale landscape distribution market through the acquisitions of McGinnis Farms and Century Rain Aid in 2001, United Green Mark in 2005, and LESCO Inc. (“LESCO”) in 2007, each of which significantly expanded our geographic footprint and broadened our product portfolio. In December 2013, an affiliate of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC (“CD&R”) purchased a 60% interest in our company from Deere (“CD&R Acquisition”). On May 17, 2016, we completed the initial public offering of our common stock.
Our Industry
Based on management’s estimates, we believe that our addressable market in North America for the wholesale distribution of landscape supplies represented approximately $25 billion in revenue in 2024. Growth in our industry is driven by a broad array of factors, including consumer spending, housing starts, existing home sales, home prices, mortgage interest rates, commercial, recreational, and residential construction, repair and remodeling spending, and demographic trends. Within the wholesale landscape supply industry, products sold for residential applications represent the largest construction sector, followed by the commercial, and recreational and other sectors. Based on management estimates, we believe that nursery products represent the largest product category in the industry, with sales accounting for more than one-third of industry sales, followed by landscape accessories with approximately one-fifth of industry sales, and each of control products, hardscapes, irrigation and outdoor lighting, and fertilizer and other products accounting for approximately one-tenth of industry sales.
The wholesale landscape supply industry is highly fragmented, consisting primarily of regional private businesses that typically have a small geographic footprint, a limited product offering, and limited supplier relationships. Wholesale landscape supply distributors primarily sell to landscape service firms, ranging from sole proprietorships to national enterprises. Landscape service firms include general landscape contractors and specialty landscape firms, who provide services such as lawn care and tree and foliage maintenance. Over the past decade, professional landscape contractors have increasingly offered additional products and services to meet their customers’ needs. These firms historically needed to make numerous trips to branches in various locations to source their products. Consequently, landscape professionals have come to value distribution partners who offer a larger variety of product categories and services, particularly given the recurring nature of landscape maintenance services.
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Our Strategies
Key elements of our strategy are as follows:
Build Upon Strong Customer and Supplier Relationships to Expand Organically
Our national footprint and broad supplier relationships, combined with our regular interaction with a large and diverse customer base, make us an important link in the supply chain for landscape products. Our suppliers benefit from access to our more than 430,000 customers, a single point of contact for improved production planning and efficiency, and our ability to bring new product launches quickly to market on a national scale. We intend to keep increasing our size and scale in customer, geographic, and product reach, which we believe will continue to benefit our supplier base. We will continue to work with new and existing suppliers to maintain the most comprehensive product offerings for our customers at competitive prices and enhance our role as a critical player in the supply chain.
Grow at the Local Level
The vast majority of our customers operate at a local level. We believe we can grow market share in our existing markets with limited capital investment by systematically executing local strategies to expand our customer base, increase the amount of our customers’ total spending with us, optimize our network of locations, coordinate multi-site deliveries, partner with strategic local suppliers, introduce new products and services, increase our share of underrepresented products in particular markets, and improve sales force performance. We currently offer our full product line in only approximately 30% of the metropolitan statistical areas (“MSAs”) in the U.S. where we have a branch, and therefore believe we have the capacity to offer significantly more product lines and services in our geographic markets.
Pursue Value-Enhancing Strategic Acquisitions
Through acquisitions, we have added new markets in the U.S. and Canada, new product lines, talented associates, and operational best practices. In addition, we increased our sales by introducing products from our existing portfolio to customers of newly acquired companies. We intend to continue pursuing strategic acquisitions to better serve our customers, grow our market share, and enhance our local market leadership positions by taking advantage of our scale, operational experience, and acquisition know-how. We currently have branches in approximately 50% of the 387 U.S. MSAs and are focused on identifying and reviewing attractive new geographic markets for expansion through acquisitions. We will continue to apply a selective and disciplined acquisition strategy to maximize synergies obtained from enhanced sales and lower procurement and administrative costs.
Execute on Identified Operational Initiatives
We continue to undertake operational initiatives, utilizing our scale to improve our profitability, enhance supply chain efficiency, strengthen our category management capabilities, streamline and refine our marketing process, and invest in more sophisticated information technology systems and data analytics. Additionally, we have continued to advance our digital initiative, to include the enhancement of our website and business-to-business (“B2B”) e-Commerce platform. The enhancements have increased connectivity with our customers and have resulted in better customer service as well as contributed to improvement in our profitability. We remain focused on delivering additional enhancements of our digital offering and believe we will continue to benefit from these and other operational initiatives.
Be the Employer of Choice
We believe our associates are the key drivers of our success, and we aim to recruit, train, promote, and retain the most talented and success-driven personnel in the industry. Our size and scale enable us to offer structured training and career path opportunities for our associates. We have built a vibrant and entrepreneurial culture that rewards performance at the area and branch levels. We promote ongoing, open, and honest communication with our associates, including periodic engagement surveys, to ensure mutual trust, engagement, and performance improvement. We believe that high-performing local leaders coupled with creative, adaptable, and engaged associates are critical to our success and to maintaining our competitive position, and we are committed to being the employer of choice in our industry.
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Our Products and Services
Our comprehensive portfolio of landscape products consists of approximately 170,000 SKUs from approximately 5,800 suppliers. Our product portfolio includes irrigation supplies, fertilizer and control products, hardscapes, landscape accessories, nursery goods, and outdoor lighting products. Our customers value our product breadth and geographic reach, as well as our on-site expertise and consultative services. While pricing is important to our customers, availability, convenience, and expertise are also important factors in their purchase decisions. In addition to other capabilities, our ability to offer the significant yard space and special equipment required by items such as hardscapes and nursery goods provides us with a competitive advantage over many competitors who offer a more limited selection of product categories.
Refer to “Note 2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers” to our audited financial statements for information on our Net sales of landscaping products (irrigation supplies, hardscapes, landscape accessories, nursery goods, and outdoor lighting) and agronomic and other products (fertilizer, control products, ice melt, equipment, and other products).
Irrigation Supplies
Our irrigation products include controllers, valves, sprinkler heads, irrigation pipe, and micro-irrigation or drip products. The market for irrigation products has historically provided stable growth and is driven primarily by new home and commercial construction and maintenance of existing irrigation systems.
Fertilizer and Other
Our fertilizer and other products include fertilizer, grass seed, and ice melt products. Fertilizer products are sold to the maintenance end market and accordingly are relatively stable through economic cycles.
Control Products
Our control products are specialty products that include herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and other pesticides. Similar to fertilizer products, control products sales are strongly tied to the maintenance end market and accordingly are relatively stable through economic cycles.
Hardscapes
Our Hardscapes include pavers, natural stone, blocks, and other durable materials.
Landscape Accessories
Our landscape accessories products include mulches, soil amendments, drainage pipe, tools, and sod. Landscape accessories are typically sold in combination with other landscape supply products. As a result, sales of these accessories are often tied to sales of fertilizers and control products, as well as sales of nursery goods and hardscapes.
Nursery Goods
Our nursery goods include deciduous and evergreen shrubs, ornamental, shade, and evergreen trees, both field-grown and container-grown nursery stock, roses, perennials, annuals, bulbs, and thousands of plant species and cultivars that are available in a number of container sizes, heights, forms, and bloom colors.
Outdoor Lighting
Our outdoor lighting products include lighting fixtures (path, area, accent, up, down, well, hardscape, deck, underwater, bistro, and holiday), LED lamps, wire, transformers, and accessories.
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Proprietary Branded Products
In addition to distributing branded products of third parties, we offer products under our proprietary brands. Sales of LESCO®, SiteOne Green Tech®, and Pro-Trade® together accounted for approximately 14% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales, the large majority of which is attributable to LESCO®.
LESCO®
LESCO® is a premium brand and maintains strong brand awareness with golf and professional landscape contractors. Under the LESCO® brand, we offer formulations of fertilizer (liquid and granular), combination products (pesticides on a fertilizer carrier), control products (liquid and granular pesticides), specialty chemicals, turf seed, application equipment (engine powered and walk behind or other non-engine powered), paint, maintenance products like engine oil, ice melt, trimmer line, and soil tests. LESCO® products are sold through our branches and retail outlets such as The Home Depot.
SiteOne Green Tech®
We offer pre-packaged landscape and irrigation management solutions that are designed to help customers manage and conserve water under the SiteOne Green Tech® brand. The core SiteOne Green Tech® product lines include central irrigation control systems, solar assemblies, fertilizer injection systems, irrigation pumps, and hand-held remote control equipment.
Pro-Trade®
We offer a line of professional-grade landscape lighting fixtures, LED lamps, and transformers, as well as irrigation and landscape supplies, under our Pro-Trade® brand. The Pro-Trade® line of products is sold exclusively through our branches and website. During the 2024 Fiscal Year, we added synthetic turf, turf accessories, garden hoses, torches, irrigation testers, and clamp meters to the Pro-Trade® offering. We plan to continue expanding our Pro-Trade® line of products in the 2025 Fiscal Year.
Portfolio
We offer a line of premium plant varieties under our Portfolio brand. The Portfolio line of products is sold exclusively through our branches and website, and currently includes products specialized for the market, exclusive to the brand, or are improvements to the current plant standards in the industry. There are currently over 150 unique items in the line, in various sizes, including shrubs, trees, perennials, annuals, and bulbs with plans to continue expanding our Portfolio offerings in the 2025 Fiscal Year.
Solstice®
In 2024, we launched a line of premium imported natural stone under our Solstice® brand. The Solstice® line is sold exclusively through our branches and website, and includes three collections of products designed for hardscape, pool deck, and vertical masonry projects. The mix of products includes coping, caps, steps, treads, pavers, and stone veneer in a variety of materials that range from high grade versions already present in the market to materials exclusive to SiteOne in our target markets. We plan to expand our Solstice® line of products in the 2025 Fiscal Year.
Services
We offer a variety of complementary, value-added services to support the sale of our products. We believe these services are an important differentiator in establishing our value proposition to our customers.
Product Knowledge and Technical Expertise
Consultative services provided by our local staff, many of whom are former landscape contractors or golf course superintendents, include product selection and support, assistance with design and implementation of landscape projects, and potential sales leads for new business opportunities. Our SiteOne University program provides customers with access to training and informational seminars that directly support the growth of their businesses. The program includes technical training, licensing, certifications, and business management seminars. In addition, our product category experts provide technical knowledge on the features and benefits of our products as well as installation techniques.
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Project Services
We partner with our customers by providing consultative services to help them save time, money, and effort in bidding for new projects and for new landscape installations. Our regionally based project services teams specialize in quoting, estimating, and completing sales for customers who compete in the commercial construction sector. Other services provided by our project services teams include assistance with specifications and irrigation project take-offs.
Partners Program
We offer a loyalty rewards program, our Partners Program, which had approximately 52,000 enrolled customers as of December 29, 2024 and provides business and personal rewards, access to business services at preferred rates, and technical training and support. Reward points may be utilized, for example, for on-account credits, trips and special events, gift cards to major retailers, and SiteOne University courses and educational events. Access is also provided to preferred rate business services and includes, for example, payroll and select human resource services, cell phone services, office supplies, and fuel rebates. For the 2024 Fiscal Year, Partners Program participants accounted for approximately 60% of our Net sales.
Operational Structure
Our operational philosophy is to create local area teams and branch networks specifically designed to best meet our customers’ needs at the local market level, while supporting these teams with the resources of a large company delivered through regional and divisional management, including company-wide support functions.
At the local market level, we organize our over 690 branches and approximately 630 outside sales representatives into 37 designated “areas” that each typically serve a defined geography, a large MSA, or a combination of MSAs in close proximity. Area Managers are responsible for the organization and talent planning, branch operations, sales and product delivery strategy, and financial performance of their respective areas. Area Managers are assisted by Area Business Managers and Area Sales Managers who are responsible for executing the local market and operating strategies as well as key initiatives to grow sales and profitability.
We support our area teams with regional and divisional management as well as company-wide support functions by providing: management of business performance, development and execution of local strategies, sharing of best practices, execution and integration of acquisitions, finance and accounting expertise (including financial planning and analysis, credit/collections, payables, and other shared services), category management and procurement, supply chain (including planners and buyers), pricing strategies, marketing, and information technology. Our integrated branches utilize a single technology platform, allowing us to leverage our full operational scale for procurement, inventory management, delivery, financial support, data analytics, and performance reporting.
Our outside sales force is organized by geographic area. Each area maintains a number of outside sales representatives who drive sales growth on behalf of several branches across a variety of accounts from landscape contractors to municipal agencies. We also maintain a sales force of agronomic sales representatives who are focused on growing sales with customers in the golf industry. Our agronomic sellers also focus on contractors in the lawn care operations, maintenance and development, and sports turf verticals.
We have a national account sales organization that leads sales strategy and execution for our largest national and regional customers. The national sales team is organized around nine different market verticals: facility management, golf, international, lawn care operators, maintenance and development, pest control, retail, sod, and tree service accounts. Each national account manager is responsible for a group of large accounts and coordinates our business with these customers both nationally and locally through our local sales representatives. National account managers negotiate national programs with our largest customers in order to increase our share of their business.
Distribution Network
We use two distribution models to offer a comprehensive selection of products and meet the needs of each local market.
Branches
Our branch network is the core of our operations and creates a valuable connection between our suppliers and our customers. Of our approximately 5,800 suppliers, few are set up to serve the shipping needs of our customers as their supply chains are typically focused on bulk quantity shipments. In contrast, many of our customers often require comparatively small quantities of products from numerous suppliers to complete a typical project, making it difficult to source directly from those suppliers. Our branch network provides significant value to our suppliers by maintaining local availability of core and complementary products in quantities our customers need.
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The majority of our branches carry multiple product categories, but do not carry all. Branches that carry our full product lines combine our regular branch facilities with large 5-to-30 acre yards suitable for nursery goods and hardscape products. Yards are well-equipped to manage truckload-purchased landscape, nursery, and hardscape products and can maintain a diverse variety of greenhouse and nursery plants. All locations offering nursery goods have water distribution systems to maintain inventories, and many of these locations have access to municipal water supplies, wells, or ponds. Branches are strategically located near residential areas with convenient highway access. In-store merchandising displays are utilized to emphasize product features and seasonal promotions. We primarily lease 5,000 to 15,000 square foot facilities in both freestanding and multi-tenant buildings with secured outside storage yards averaging from 10,000 to 20,000 square feet.
Direct Distribution
Our direct distribution business provides point-to-point logistics for bulk quantities of landscape products between suppliers and customers, providing customers with sourcing and logistics support services for inventory management and delivery, and in many cases, these services are more economical than the producers might otherwise provide. We believe that producers view us not as competitors, but as providers of a valuable service, brokering these large orders through the use of our network. We typically do not maintain inventory for direct distribution, but rather use our existing supplier relationships, marketing expertise, and ordering and logistics infrastructure to serve this demand, requiring less working capital investment for these sales. Approximately 6% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales were from direct distribution.
Direct distribution is preferred for contractors with large projects, typically designed by professional landscape architects. Contractors work hand-in-hand with our outside sales and inside sales teams, including project planning support with material take-offs, product sourcing, and bid preparation. Using our large supplier network, our associates arrange convenient direct shipments to jobs, which are coordinated and staged according to each phase of the construction. This distribution channel primarily handles bulk nursery, agronomic, landscape, and hardscape products.
Customers
Our customers are primarily residential and commercial landscape professionals who specialize in the design, installation, and maintenance of lawns, gardens, golf courses, and other outdoor spaces. Our customer base consists of more than 430,000 firms and individuals, with our top 10 customers collectively accounting for less than 4% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales, with no single customer accounting for more than 2% of Net sales. Small customers, with annual purchases of up to $25,000, made up 23% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales. Medium customers, with annual purchases from $25,000 up to $150,000, made up 31% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales. Large customers, with annual purchases over $150,000, made up 46% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales. Some of our largest customers include BrightView, Weed Man, Aptive Environmental, Heartland, Yellowstone Landscape, The Home Depot, Sperber, and Davey Tree. Distribution of our LESCO® proprietary branded products on a wholesale basis to retailers represented less than 1% of our 2024 Fiscal Year Net sales.
Suppliers
We source our products from approximately 5,800 suppliers, including the major irrigation equipment manufacturers, turf and ornamental fertilizer/chemical companies, and a variety of suppliers who specialize in nursery goods, outdoor lighting, hardscapes, and other landscape products. Some of our largest suppliers include Hunter Industries, Rain Bird, Oldcastle, Cresline, NDS, Turf Care Supply, Envu, Toro, Spears Manufacturing, and Techo-Bloc. Purchases from our top 10 suppliers accounted for approximately 31% of total purchases for the 2024 Fiscal Year.
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We generally procure our products through purchase orders rather than under long-term contracts with firm commitments. We work to develop strong relationships with a select group of suppliers that we target based on a number of factors, including brand and market recognition, price, quality, product support, service levels, delivery terms, and their strategic positioning. We typically have annual supplier agreements, and while they generally do not provide for specific product pricing, many include volume-based financial incentives that we earn by meeting or exceeding purchase volume targets. Our ability to earn these volume-based incentives is an important factor in our financial results. In certain cases, we enter into supply contracts with terms that exceed one year for the manufacture of our LESCO® branded fertilizer, some nursery goods, grass seed, and hardscape products, which may require us to purchase products in the future.
Competition
The majority of our competition comes from other wholesale landscape supply distributors. Among wholesale distributors, we primarily compete against a small number of regional distributors and many small, local, privately-owned distributors. Some of our competitors carry several product categories, while others mainly focus on one product category such as irrigation, fertilizer and control products, nursery goods, or hardscapes. We are the only national wholesale distributor to carry a full product line of landscape supplies.
We believe our top nine largest competitors include Heritage Landscape Supply Group (a subsidiary of The Home Depot), Ewing, Harrell’s, Horizon Distributors (a subsidiary of Pool Corporation), Target Specialty Products, BWI, Outdoor Living Supply, Central Turf and Irrigation Supply, and Howard Fertilizer and Chemical.
We believe regional or local competitors comprise approximately 82% of the landscape supply industry based on 2024 Net sales. The principal competitive factors in our business include, but are not limited to, location, availability of materials and supplies, technical product knowledge and expertise, advisory or other service capabilities, delivery capabilities, pricing of products, and availability of credit.
Human Capital Management and Sustainability
At SiteOne, we believe our associates are our greatest asset and the safety, health, and wellness of our associates and their families is a top priority. The support we offer to our associates is an important part of our vision to be a great place to work and the employer of choice in the green industry.
As of December 29, 2024, we employed approximately 8,300 associates, none of whom were affiliated with labor unions. We periodically administer a company-wide associate engagement survey, the most recent of which occurred in November 2023, and we believe that we have good relations with our associates. Approximately 92% of our associates are employed on a full-time, year-round basis. Our associate count currently includes approximately 460 seasonal associates, who are temporarily employed due to the weather-dependent nature of our business. An associate is anyone employed by the Company.
Safety
The first element of our SiteOne DNA is “Always Safe,” which means that we take personal responsibility for our own safety and for the safety of others. Our leadership team is focused on creating a culture of safety and evaluating ways to improve our operations that reduce the most common forms of on-the-job injuries. Our safety initiatives include:
•Our Environmental, Health, and Safety team, which further enhances our safety efforts by establishing and monitoring safe work practices to prevent customer and associate injuries. As a result, we invest in safety equipment and practices at all branches with the goal of eliminating workplace injuries.
•A designated Safety Champion in each of our branches. Our Safety Champions are high potential, well-respected associates who help demonstrate and influence our culture of safety. Our goal is a robust culture of safety with all associates committed to working safely, every task, every day, 100% of the time.
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Benefits
We offer a competitive benefits package with the goal of enabling our associates to get the most out of work and life. Among our benefits, we offer a paid military leave benefit that provides additional resources to our full-time associates as they continue to serve our country. We also offer a paid parental leave benefit for our full-time associates to help parents during the early days of parenthood. The parental leave benefit provides time away from work within the first year of the birth or adoption of a child with 100% of base pay.
In the 2022 Fiscal Year, we launched SiteOne CARES, a grant assistance program designed to help our associates cope with unexpected financial challenges arising from personal hardships. We made an initial contribution of $75,000 to the SiteOne Cares fund and matched 100% of every associate contribution up to the first $25,000 of associate donations. As of December 29, 2024, we reached over $170,000 in associate donations since inception and have assisted 54 associates in need. In 2024, we made another contribution of $75,000 to the SiteOne Cares fund, with a commitment to match the next $25,000 in associate donations.
In the 2022 Fiscal Year, we created a bonus program for our hourly associates and approximately 2,750 associates received payments under the program in 2022. In the 2024 Fiscal Year, approximately 3,300 associates received the bonus with payments totaling approximately $2.7 million. With the implementation of the program in 2022, all of our previously ineligible associates prior to program inception became eligible and continue to be eligible to receive a bonus. We continue to evaluate our compensation and benefits program to ensure we offer a competitive total rewards package.
Training and Development
We believe the training provided through our development programs and our entrepreneurial, performance-based culture delivers significant benefits to our associates. Targeted skills training is designed around an associate’s development and career interests. We offer certification programs that include instructor-led training, online learning, in-field work, and exit exams. We also facilitate leadership training to develop an understanding of leadership style, our values, and key coaching techniques.
Engagement
We administer associate engagement surveys to determine how we are doing in our mission to be the employer of choice in the green industry. We review the survey results with all of our associates and seek their involvement in developing and executing action plans to continue our workplace improvements. We monitor associate satisfaction and aim to strengthen our pipeline of top talent by conducting talent reviews and succession planning for all critical roles in the organization. We identify, communicate, and utilize career development paths for key roles. This includes not only an upward path for associates, but exposure to parallel roles across the organization.
At SiteOne, we believe in the power of teamwork and in creating a great place to work for all our associates. We focus on creating a work environment that is respectful and supportive of each of our associates and which places the team first. We have several Associate Resource Groups (“ARGs”), which are voluntary, associate-led groups open to all SiteOne associates. ARGs support business objectives, foster an inclusive culture, and offer an avenue of development for associates. Our ARGs include the following:
•BR1DGE – BR1DGE provides a network for Black associates to be connected and supported.
•INSP1RE – INSP1RE fosters an inclusive culture with a focus on our extended Asian community – South Asia, South-East Asia, East Asia, Asian Pacific Islander, Asian American, and beyond.
•UN1DOS – UN1DOS attracts and retains engaged associates while enhancing SiteOne’s understanding of and relationships with Hispanic communities and customers.
•VETS1 – VETS1 fosters an environment of engaged associates while developing SiteOne’s understanding of and relationships with veteran associates, customers, and communities.
•W1GG – “Women in the Green Growing” promotes an environment of engaged associates while advocating female growth within SiteOne and the green industry.
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Sustainability
We also believe it is important to provide our stockholders with important information about our sustainability-related performance. As part of this commitment, we published our annual corporate responsibility report (“IMPACT Report”) in November 2024, which details our programs and progress across a number of important sustainability topics. Our IMPACT Report follows the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) and Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) frameworks and includes the disclosure of quantitative metrics relevant to our business and industry. Among other examples of such commitment, we have identified certain short-, medium-, and long-term climate-related risks and opportunities for the Company’s business, strategy, and financial planning. We have also engaged a leading sustainability consultant to review our greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions inventory, develop a management plan, and oversee data collection and gap analysis, as well as have made several investments in technology and processes that will allow us to gather data and track our usage, including with respect to our fleet management services and our utility expense management services.
Service Marks, Trademarks, and Trade Names
We hold various trademark registrations, including SiteOne®, LESCO®, SiteOne Green Tech®, Pro-Trade®, and Solstice®, which we consider important to our marketing activities. Generally, trademark rights have a perpetual life, provided they are renewed on a timely basis and continue to be used properly as trademarks. We intend to maintain these trademark registrations and the other trademarks associated with our business so long as they remain valuable to our business. In addition, other than commercially available software licenses, we do not believe that any of our licenses for third-party intellectual property are material to our business, taken as a whole.
Weather Conditions and Seasonality
For a discussion regarding seasonality and weather, refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Weather Conditions and Seasonality” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Regulatory Compliance
Government Regulations
We are subject to various federal, state, provincial, and local laws and regulations, compliance with which increases our operating costs, limits or restricts the products and services we provide or the methods by which we offer and sell those products and services or conduct our business, and subjects us to the possibility of regulatory actions or proceedings. Noncompliance with these laws and regulations can subject us to fines or various forms of civil or criminal prosecution, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
These federal, state, provincial, and local laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, laws relating to consumer protection, wage and hour, deceptive trade practices, international trade, anti-bribery and anti-corruption, permitting and licensing, state contractor laws, workers’ safety, tax, healthcare reforms, collective bargaining and other labor matters, environmental, data privacy, cybersecurity, and employee benefits.
Environmental, Health, and Safety Matters
We are subject to numerous federal, state, provincial, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including laws that regulate the emission or discharge of materials into the environment, govern the use, handling, treatment, storage, disposal, and management of hazardous substances and wastes, protect the health and safety of our associates and users of our products, and impose liability for investigating and remediating, and damages resulting from, present and past releases of hazardous substances at sites we have ever owned, leased or operated, or used as a disposal site.
In the United States, we are regulated under many environmental, health and safety laws, including, but not limited to, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and the Consumer Product Safety Act, each as amended. Certain laws, such as those requiring the registration of herbicides and pesticides, and regulating their use, also involve the oversight of regulatory authorities and public health agencies. Although we strive to comply with such laws and have processes in place designed to achieve compliance, we may be unable to prevent violations of these or other laws from occurring. We could also incur significant investigation and clean-up costs for contamination at any currently or formerly owned or operated facilities, including LESCO’s manufacturing and blending facilities. Refer to “Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies” to our audited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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In addition, we cannot predict the effect of possible future environmental, health, or safety laws on our operations. Changes in, or new interpretations of, existing laws, regulations or enforcement policies, the discovery of previously unknown contamination, or the imposition of other environmental liabilities or obligations in the future, including obligations with respect to any potential health hazards of our products, may lead to additional compliance or other costs.
Available Information
We make available free of charge on the “Investor Relations” page of our website, www.siteone.com, our filed and furnished reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K, and all amendments thereto, as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We also use our website as a means of disclosing additional information, including for complying with our disclosure obligations under the SEC’s Regulation FD.
Our IMPACT Report, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Board of Directors Communication Policy, Business Code of Conduct and Ethics, Financial Code of Ethics, and the Charters of the Audit Committee, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors are also available on the “Investor Relations” page of our website. In addition, we include a Stakeholder Impact section on the “Investor Relations” page of our website. The information contained on our website is not incorporated herein by reference. Copies of these documents (without exhibits, when applicable) are also available free of charge upon request to us at 300 Colonial Center Parkway, Suite 600, Roswell, Georgia 30076, Attention: Investor Relations or by telephone at (404) 277-7000. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy, and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We are required to disclose any change to, or waiver from, our Business Code of Conduct and Ethics for our executive officers and members of our Board of Directors. We use our website to disseminate this disclosure as permitted by applicable SEC rules.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the factors described below, in addition to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risk factors are important to understanding the contents of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and of other reports. Our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows are subject to various risks. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones relevant to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also adversely impact our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Risk Factor Summary
The following is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations, and financial results:
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry
•Cyclicality in our business could result in lower Net sales and reduced cash flows and profitability.
•Our business is affected by general business, financial market, and economic conditions.
•Our operations are substantially dependent on weather and climate conditions.
•Seasonality affects the demand for our products and services and our results of operations and cash flows.
•The prices and costs of the products we purchase may be subject to large and significant price fluctuations.
•Market variables and other events outside of our control could cause our Cost of goods sold and operating costs to grow more rapidly than Net sales.
•Inflation and increases in operating costs have adversely impacted, and may in the future continue to adversely impact, our business.
•Compliance with, or liabilities under, environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including laws and regulations pertaining to the use and application of our products and climate change legislation, could result in significant costs.
•Our business exposes us to risks associated with hazardous materials and related activities, not all of which are covered by insurance.
•Laws and government regulations applicable to our business could increase our legal and regulatory expenses, and impact our business.
•Public perceptions that the products we use and the services we deliver are not environmentally friendly or safe or that our practices are not sustainable may result in significant costs and adversely impact the demand for our products or services.
•Increased competitive pressures could reduce our market share.
•We may face supply chain delays or interruptions, product shortages, or the loss of key suppliers or fail to develop relationships with qualified suppliers.
•We are subject to inventory management risks.
•We may not successfully implement our business strategies, including achieving our growth objectives.
•We may be unable to successfully acquire and integrate other businesses or increased competition for those businesses may result in less favorable acquisition terms.
•We face risks associated with our labor force and our customers’ labor force.
•We may not be able to attract or retain key executives.
•We are exposed to construction defect and product liability claims as well as other legal proceedings.
•An impairment of goodwill and/or other intangible assets could reduce Net income.
•We may face adverse credit and financial market events and conditions.
•We may be inefficient or ineffective in capital allocation.
•We may fail to collect monies owed by our credit sale customers.
•The operating results of individual branches may vary.
•We could experience operational interruptions, incur substantial additional costs, become subject to legal or regulatory proceedings or suffer damage to our reputation in the event of a cybersecurity incident.
•A large-scale malfunction or failure in our information technology systems could disrupt our business, create potential liabilities for us, or limit our ability to effectively monitor, operate, and control our operations.
•We may fail to protect the security of personal information about our customers.
•We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights that are material to our business.
•We may be subject to unanticipated changes in our tax provisions.
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•We may face acts or threats of terrorism, public health emergencies, violence, or unfavorable or uncertain political conditions.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
•We have outstanding indebtedness and may incur substantial additional indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial health and our ability to obtain financing in the future, react to changes in our business, or satisfy our obligations.
•Significant or prolonged periods of higher interest rates would increase the costs of servicing our indebtedness and could reduce our profitability.
•The agreements and instruments governing our indebtedness contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly impact our ability to operate our business.
•Our ability to generate the significant amount of cash needed to pay interest and principal on our indebtedness and our ability to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing depends on many factors beyond our control.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
•The market price of our common stock may be volatile.
•Holdings is a holding company with no operations of its own, and it depends on its subsidiaries for cash to fund all of its operations and expenses, including to make future dividend payments, if any.
•Our organizational documents contain certain provisions that may discourage, delay, or prevent a change of control of our Company and may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain favorable judicial forum for certain disputes.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry
Cyclicality in our business could result in lower Net sales and reduced cash flows and profitability. We have been, and in the future may be, adversely impacted by declines in the new residential and commercial construction sectors, as well as in spending on repair and upgrade activities.
We sell a significant portion of our products for landscaping activities associated with new residential and commercial construction sectors, which have experienced cyclical downturns in the past and may experience cyclical downturns in the future, some of which have been, or could in the future be, severe. The strength of these markets depends on, among other things, housing starts, consumer spending, non-residential construction spending activity and business investment, which are a function of many factors beyond our control, including interest rates, employment levels, changes in the tax laws, availability of credit, geopolitics, consumer confidence, and capital spending. Weakness or downturns in residential and commercial construction markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition.
Sales of landscape supplies to contractors serving the residential construction sector represent a significant portion of our business, and demand for our products is highly correlated with residential construction, including repairs and upgrades. Housing starts are dependent upon a number of factors, including housing demand, housing inventory levels, housing affordability and mortgage rates, foreclosure rates, demographic changes, the availability of land, local zoning and permitting processes, the availability of construction financing, and the overall health of the economy. Unfavorable changes in any of these factors could adversely affect consumer spending, result in decreased demand for homes, and adversely affect our business. In the 2024 and 2023 Fiscal Years, we experienced a softening of the residential construction sector, including as a result of home price inflation and higher mortgage rates, which persisted through the 2024 Fiscal Year despite a 50-basis point reduction in interest rates in September 2024 and two additional 25-basis point rate cuts in the fourth quarter of 2024. If the softening of this sector continues to persist, the timing and extent of any such reduction in homebuilding activity and the resulting impact on demand for landscape supplies are uncertain.
Our Net sales also depend, in significant part, on commercial construction, which is cyclical in nature and subject to downturns, which can be severe. Previously, downturns in the commercial construction market have typically lasted about two to three years, resulting in market declines of approximately 20% to 40%. Current market conditions, including the impacts that, among others, inflation and higher interest rates for prolonged periods may continue to have on the timing or strength of the recovery of commercial construction activity in our markets cannot be predicted.
We also rely, in part, on repair and upgrade of existing landscapes. High unemployment levels, high mortgage delinquency and foreclosure rates, lower home prices, limited availability of mortgage and home improvement financing, and significantly lower housing turnover, may restrict consumer spending, particularly on discretionary items such as landscape projects, and adversely affect consumer confidence levels and result in reduced spending on repair and upgrade activities.
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Our business is affected by general business, financial market, and economic conditions, which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our business and results of operations are significantly affected by general business, financial market, and economic conditions. General business, financial market, and economic conditions that could impact the level of activity in the wholesale landscape supply industry include the level of new home sales and construction activity, interest rate fluctuations, inflation, unemployment levels, geopolitics, tax rates, capital spending, bankruptcies, volatility in both the debt and equity capital markets, liquidity of the global financial markets, the availability and cost of credit, investor and consumer confidence, global economic growth, local, state and federal government regulation, and the strength of regional and local economies in which we operate. With respect to the residential construction sector in particular, spending on landscape projects is largely discretionary and lower levels of consumer spending or the decision by homeowners to perform landscape upgrades or maintenance themselves rather than outsource to contractors, or to focus less on outdoor projects may adversely affect our business. While the rate of inflation has stabilized since reaching historic levels in the 2022 and 2023 Fiscal Years, we continued to experience the adverse impact of an inflationary environment in the 2024 Fiscal Year, and we cannot predict whether adverse economic conditions such as these will continue, the impact that future economic developments will have on consumers, or the manner in which negative economic trends will impact consumer demand or preferences over the long term.
Our operations are substantially dependent on weather and climate conditions.
We supply landscape, irrigation, and turf maintenance products, the demand for each of which is affected by weather conditions, including, without limitation, potential impacts, if any, from climate change. In particular, droughts could cause shortages in the water supply, which may have an adverse effect on our business. For instance, our supply of plants could decrease, or prices could rise, due to such water shortages, and customer demand for certain types of plants may change in ways in which we are unable to predict. Such water shortages may also make irrigation or the maintenance of turf uneconomical. Governments may implement limitations on water usage, such as those enacted in California, that make effective irrigation or turf maintenance unsustainable, which could negatively impact the demand for our products. There is a risk that demand for landscaping products will decrease overall due to persistent or severe drought conditions in some of the geographic markets we serve, or that demand will change in ways that we are unable to predict.
Furthermore, natural disasters, adverse weather conditions and/or climate change-related events, such as droughts, severe storms, wildfires, hurricanes, and significant rain or snowfall, can adversely impact the demand for our products, availability of products, timing of product delivery, or our ability to deliver products at all. For example, during the third and fourth quarters of the 2024 Fiscal Year, demand for our products was negatively impacted by Hurricanes Helene and Milton in our southeastern market. Other types of unexpected severe weather conditions, such as excessive heat or cold, may result in certain applications in the maintenance product cycle being omitted for a season or damage to or loss of nursery goods, sod, and other green products in our inventory, which could result in losses requiring write-downs. In addition, our business and operating results could be impacted to a greater degree than we previously experienced to the extent that unfavorable weather conditions are exacerbated by global climate change or otherwise.
Seasonality affects the demand for our products and services and our results of operations and cash flows.
The demand for our products and services and our results of operations are affected by the seasonal nature of our irrigation, outdoor lighting, nursery, landscape accessories, fertilizers, turf protection products, grass seed, turf care equipment, and golf course maintenance supplies. Such seasonality causes our results of operations to vary considerably from quarter to quarter. Typically, our Net sales and Net income are higher in the second and third quarters of each fiscal year due to favorable weather and longer daylight conditions during these quarters. Our Net sales and Net income are typically significantly lower in the first and fourth quarters due to lower landscaping, irrigation, and turf maintenance activities in these quarters. Accordingly, results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.
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The prices and costs of the products we purchase may be subject to large and significant price fluctuations. We might not be able to pass cost increases through to our customers, and we may experience losses in a rising price environment. In addition, we might have to lower our prices in a declining price environment, which could also lead to losses.
We purchase and sell a wide variety of products, the price and availability of which may fluctuate, and may be subject to large and significant price increases, especially in periods of high inflation. For example, certain of our contracts with suppliers include prices for commodities such as grass seed and chemicals used in fertilizer that are not fixed or tied to an index, which allows our suppliers to change the prices of their products as the input prices fluctuate. Conversely, we may experience lower Net sales in a deflationary environment, including as a result of the commodity price deflation we experienced in the 2024 Fiscal Year. Our business is exposed to these fluctuations, as well as to fluctuations in our costs for transportation and distribution. Changes in prices for the products that we purchase, including, for example, as a result of changes to trade agreements or policies that result in increased tariffs on goods imported into the United States, affect our Net sales and Cost of goods sold, as well as our working capital requirements, levels of debt, and financing costs. We might not always be able to reflect increases in our costs in our own pricing, especially in times of extreme price volatility. Any inability to pass cost increases on to customers may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if market prices for the products that we sell decline, we may realize reduced profitability levels from selling such products and lower revenues from sales of existing inventory of such products.
Market variables and other events outside of our control could cause our Cost of goods sold and operating costs to grow more rapidly than Net sales, which could result in lower Gross profit and gross margin as well as lower Net income.
Market variables, such as inflation of product costs, labor and fuel rates, and freight and energy costs, as well as other events outside of our control, such as supply shortages, geopolitical conflicts, trade disputes, or public health emergencies, could adversely impact the management of our Cost of goods sold and operating costs in a manner that would prevent us from leveraging our Net sales growth into higher Net income. For example, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Gaza Strip, and other unrest in the Middle East, as well as the international responses related thereto (e.g., sanctions, export controls, etc.), has created and may continue to create, economic instability, including, among other things, inflationary pressures causing increases in fuel and other energy costs. In addition, our inability to pass on such increases in costs to customers in a timely manner, or at all, could cause our Cost of goods sold and operating costs to grow, which could result in lower Gross profit and gross margin as well as lower Net income.
Inflation and increases in operating costs have adversely impacted, and may in the future continue to adversely impact, our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our financial performance is affected by the level of our operating expenses, such as occupancy costs associated with the leases for our branch locations and costs of fuel, vehicle maintenance, equipment, parts, wages and salaries, employee benefits, health care, self-insurance costs and other insurance premiums, as well as various regulatory compliance costs, all of which may be subject to inflationary pressures. In particular, our financial performance is adversely affected by increases in these operating costs. Given the elevated inflation rates over the past few years, we have, and may continue to, experience higher operating costs.
Most of our facilities are located in leased premises. Many of our current leases are non-cancelable and typically have terms ranging from three to five years, with options to renew for specified periods of time. We believe that leases we enter into in the future will likely be long-term and non-cancelable and have similar renewal options. However, we may be unable to renew our current or future leases on favorable terms or at all, which could have an adverse effect on our operations and costs. In addition, if we close a location, we generally remain committed to perform our obligations under the applicable lease, which include, among other things, payment of the base rent for the balance of the lease term.
We deliver a substantial volume of products to our customers by truck. Petroleum prices have continued to fluctuate significantly in recent years. Prices and availability of petroleum products are subject to political, economic, and market factors that are outside our control. Political and military events in petroleum-producing regions, including the Middle East, U.S. energy policy, and hurricanes and other weather-related events may cause the price of fuel to increase. Our operating profit will be adversely affected if we are unable to obtain the fuel we require or to fully offset the anticipated impact of higher fuel prices through increased prices or fuel surcharges to our customers. We have not entered into any hedging arrangements that protect against fuel price increases and we do not have any long-term fuel purchase contracts. If shortages occur in the supply of necessary petroleum products and we are not able to pass along the full impact of increased petroleum prices to our customers, our results of operations would be adversely affected.
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We cannot predict the extent to which we may experience future increases in costs of occupancy, fuel, vehicle maintenance, equipment, parts, wages and salaries, employee benefits, health care, self-insurance costs and other insurance premiums, as well as various regulatory compliance costs and other operating costs. To the extent such costs increase as a result of inflation or otherwise, we may be prevented, in whole or in part, from passing these cost increases through to our existing and prospective customers, and the rates we pay to our suppliers may increase, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Compliance with, or liabilities under, environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including laws and regulations pertaining to the use and application of our products as well as climate change legislation, could result in significant costs that adversely impact our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
We are subject to federal, state, provincial, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including laws that regulate the emission or discharge of materials into the environment, govern the use, packaging, labeling, transportation, handling, treatment, storage, disposal, and management of chemicals and hazardous substances and waste, and protect the health and safety of our associates and users of our products. Such laws also impose liability for investigation and remediation failures, and damages resulting from, present and past releases of hazardous substances, including releases at sites we have ever owned, leased or operated, or used as a disposal site. We could be subject to fines, penalties, civil or criminal sanctions, personal injury, property damage, or other third-party claims as a result of violations of, or liabilities under, these laws and regulations. We could also incur significant investigation and cleanup costs for contamination at any currently or formerly owned or operated facilities, including LESCO’s manufacturing and blending facilities. In addition, changes in, or new interpretations of, existing laws, regulations, or enforcement policies, the discovery of previously unknown contamination, or the imposition of other environmental liabilities or obligations in the future, including obligations with respect to any potential health hazards of our products, may lead to additional compliance or other costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
In addition, in the United States, products containing herbicides and pesticides generally must be registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and similar state agencies before they can be sold or distributed. The failure to obtain or the cancellation of any such registration, or the withdrawal from the marketplace of such products, could have an adverse effect on our business, the severity of which would depend in part on the products involved, whether other products could be substituted, and whether our competitors were similarly affected. The herbicides and pesticides we use are manufactured by independent third parties and are evaluated by the EPA as part of its ongoing exposure risk assessment. The EPA may decide that a herbicide or pesticide we use will be limited or will not be re-registered for use in the United States. We cannot predict the outcome or the severity of the effect of the EPA’s continuing evaluations.
The use of certain herbicide and pesticide products is also regulated by various federal, state, provincial, and local environmental and public health agencies. We may be unable to prevent violations of these or other regulations from occurring. Even if we are able to comply with all such regulations and obtain all necessary registrations and licenses, the herbicides and pesticides or other products we supply could be alleged to cause injury to the environment, to people or to animals, or such products could be banned in certain circumstances. We are subject to such allegations from time to time. The regulations may also apply to customers who may fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and subject us to liabilities. Costs to comply with environmental, health and safety laws, or to address liabilities or obligations thereunder, could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Further, new legislation or regulatory change in response to the perceived effects of climate change has been, or is expected to be, adopted at the state and/or federal level. These changes in environmental and climate change laws or regulations, including laws relating to greenhouse gas emissions, could lead to additional operational and compliance burdens, and collecting, measuring, and analyzing information relating to such matters can be costly, time-consuming, dependent on third-party cooperation, and unreliable. Such changes in climate change laws or regulations could further subject us to additional costs and restrictions, including additional investment in product designs and increased energy and raw material costs, as well as increased risk of litigation concerning our disclosures related thereto. We cannot predict how managing our climate change-related reporting obligations, as well as the consumer and retail impacts of climate change, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
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Our business exposes us to risks associated with hazardous materials and related activities, not all of which are covered by insurance.
Because our business includes managing, handling, storing, selling and transporting, and disposing of certain hazardous materials, such as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, and rodenticides, we are exposed to environmental, health, safety, and other risks. We carry insurance to protect us against many accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business and we maintain insurance coverage in accordance with our assessment of the risks involved, the ability to bear those risks, and the cost and availability of insurance. Each of these insurance policies is subject to exclusions, deductibles, and coverage limits. We do not insure against all risks and may not be able to insure adequately against certain risks and may not have insurance coverage that will pay any particular claim. We also may be unable to obtain adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates in the future for the risks we currently insure against, and certain risks are or could become completely uninsurable or eligible for coverage only to a reduced extent. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially impaired by environmental, health, safety, and other risks that reduce our revenues, increase our costs, or subject us to other liabilities in excess of available insurance.
Laws and government regulations applicable to our business could increase our legal and regulatory expenses, and impact our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our business is subject to significant federal, state, provincial, and local laws and regulations. These laws and regulations include laws relating to consumer protection, wage and hour requirements, the employment of immigrants, labor relations, permitting and licensing, building code requirements, workers’ safety, the environment, employee benefits, marketing and advertising, and the application and use of herbicides, pesticides, and other chemicals. In particular, we anticipate that various federal, state, provincial, and local governing bodies may propose additional legislation and regulation that may be detrimental to our business, may decrease demand for the products we supply, or may substantially increase our operating costs, including proposed legislation, such as environmental regulations related to chemical or nutrient use, water use, climate change, equipment efficiency standards, and other environmental matters; other consumer protection laws or regulations; or health care coverage. It is difficult to predict the future impact of the broad and expanding legislative and regulatory requirements affecting our businesses and changes to such requirements may adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In addition, if we were to fail to comply with any applicable law or regulation, we could be subject to substantial fines or damages, be involved in litigation, suffer losses to our reputation, or suffer the loss of licenses, or incur penalties that may affect how our business is operated, which, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Public perceptions that the products we use and the services we deliver are not environmentally friendly or safe or that our practices are not sustainable may result in significant costs and adversely impact the demand for our products or services.
We sell, among other things, fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, rodenticides, and other chemicals. Public perception that the products we use and the services we deliver are not environmentally friendly or safe or are harmful to humans or animals, whether justified or not, or the improper application of these chemicals, could reduce demand for our products and services, increase regulation or government restrictions or actions, result in fines or penalties, impair our reputation, involve us in litigation that may result in significant costs, damage our brand names, and otherwise have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Customers are also using social media to provide feedback and information about our Company and products and services in a manner that can be quickly and broadly disseminated. To the extent a customer has a negative experience with, or view of, our Company and shares it over social media, it may adversely impact our brand and reputation.
In addition, companies across many industries are facing increasing interest from stakeholders related to their environmental, social, and governance practices, particularly as it relates to perceived effects of climate change. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on these practices and have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. While we believe that we currently hold a favorable view from stakeholders related to our practices, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet the future expectations of our stakeholders, which are evolving rapidly. As a result, we may suffer from reputational damage and our business or financial condition could be adversely affected.
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Our industry and the markets in which we operate are highly competitive and fragmented, and increased competitive pressures could reduce our share of the markets we serve and adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
We operate in markets with relatively few large competitors, but barriers to entry in the landscape supply industry are generally low, and we may have several competitors within a local market area. Competition varies depending on product line, type of customer, and geographic area. Some local competitors may be able to offer higher levels of service, lower prices, or a broader selection of inventory than we can in particular local markets. As a result, we may not be able to continue to compete effectively with our competitors. Any of our competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately than we do, provide superior service, sell or distribute superior products, have the ability to supply or deliver similar products and services at a lower cost, or on more favorable credit terms, develop stronger relationships with our customers and other consumers in the landscape supply industry, adapt more quickly to evolving customer requirements than we do, develop a superior network of distribution centers in our markets, or access financing on more favorable terms than we can obtain. As a result, we may not be able to compete successfully with our competitors.
In addition, we may face increased competition from new market entrants or companies in adjacent industries expanding into the landscape supply industry. Such competition may result in the diminution of our market share or the loss of one or more of our major customers, either of which would adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Further, existing and future competitors, and private equity firms, increasingly compete with us for acquisitions, which can increase prices and reduce the number of suitable opportunities available to us; the acquisitions they make may also adversely impact our market position.
Competition can also reduce demand for our products and services, negatively affect our product sales and services or cause us to lower prices. Consolidation of professional landscape service firms may result in increased competition for their business. Certain product manufacturers that sell and distribute their products directly to landscapers may increase the volume of such direct sales. Our suppliers may also elect to enter into exclusive supplier arrangements with other distributors.
We also face increased competition for our talent base from other employers, particularly competitors. If we are unable to retain our talent or lose talent to a competitor, our ability to achieve our strategic objectives may be adversely affected. In addition, former associates may start landscape supply businesses similar to ours, in competition with us. Given the low barriers to entry in our industry, the possibility of former associates starting similar businesses may be more likely. Increased competition from businesses started by former associates may reduce our market share and adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our customers consider the performance of the products we distribute, our customer service, and price when deciding whether to use our services or purchase the products we distribute. Excess industry capacity for certain products in several geographic markets could lead to increased price competition. We may be unable to maintain our operating costs or product prices at a level that is sufficiently low for us to compete effectively. If we are unable to compete effectively with our existing competitors or new competitors enter the markets in which we operate, our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows may be adversely affected.
Supply chain delays or interruptions, product shortages, loss of key suppliers, failure to develop relationships with qualified suppliers or dependence on third-party suppliers and manufacturers could affect our financial health.
Our ability to offer a wide variety of products to our customers is dependent upon our ability to obtain adequate product supply from manufacturers and other suppliers. Any disruption in our sources of supply, particularly of the most commonly sold items, could result in a loss of revenues, reduced margins, and damage to our relationships with customers. Supply shortages may occur as a result of unanticipated increases in demand or difficulties in production or delivery. In addition, we may be materially adversely impacted by disruptions within our supply chain network. Such disruptions may result from weather-related events, natural disasters, international trade disputes or trade policy changes or restrictions, tariffs or import-related taxes, third-party strikes, lock-outs, work stoppages or slowdowns, shortages of supply chain labor and truck drivers, shipping capacity constraints, military conflicts, acts of terrorism, public health emergencies, civil unrest, or other factors beyond our control. For example, in the 2022 Fiscal Year, our supply chains were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with respect to freight and labor availability. Although our supply chains have since stabilized, when shortages occur, our suppliers often allocate products among distributors. The loss of, or a substantial decrease in the availability of, products from our suppliers or the loss of key supplier arrangements could adversely impact our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows, as well as our ability to benefit from ongoing supply chain initiatives.
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Our ability to continue to identify and develop relationships with qualified suppliers who can comply with our Supplier Code of Conduct and satisfy our high standards for quality and our need to be supplied with products in a timely and efficient manner is a challenge. Our suppliers’ ability to provide us with products can also be adversely affected in the event they become financially unstable, fail to comply with applicable laws, encounter supply disruptions, shipping interruptions, trade restrictions, tariffs or increased costs, or face other factors beyond our control, including, for example, as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Gaza Strip, and other unrest in the Middle East.
Our agreements with suppliers are generally terminable by either party on limited notice, and in some cases we do not have written agreements with our suppliers. If market conditions change or worsen, suppliers may stop offering us favorable terms, including volume-based incentive terms. Our suppliers may increase prices or reduce discounts on the products we distribute and we may be unable to pass on any cost increase to our customers, thereby resulting in reduced margins and profits. Failure by our suppliers to continue to supply us with products on favorable terms, commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could put pressure on our operating margins or have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We are subject to inventory management risks; insufficient inventory may result in lost sales opportunities or delayed revenue, while excess inventory may harm our gross margins.
We balance the need to maintain inventory levels that are sufficient to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of inventory obsolescence because of changing customer requirements, fluctuating commodity prices, or the life-cycle of nursery goods, sod, and other green products. In order to successfully manage our inventories, including grass seed, chemicals used in fertilizers, and nursery goods, sod, and other green products, we must estimate demand from our customers and purchase products that substantially correspond to that demand. If we overestimate demand and purchase too much of a particular product, we face a risk that the price of that product will fall, leaving us with inventory that we cannot sell profitably. In addition, we may have to write down such inventory if we are unable to sell it for its recorded value. Contracts with certain suppliers require us to take on additional inventory or pay a penalty, even in circumstances where we have excess inventory. By contrast, if we underestimate demand and purchase insufficient quantities of a product and the price of that product were to rise, we could be forced to purchase that product at a higher price and forego profitability in order to meet customer demand. Insufficient inventory levels may lead to shortages that result in delayed revenue or loss of sales opportunities altogether as potential end-customers turn to competitors’ products that are readily available. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could suffer a material adverse effect if either or both of these situations occur frequently or in large volumes.
Many factors, such as weather conditions, agricultural limitations and restrictions relating to the management of pests and disease, affect the supply of nursery goods, grass seed, sod, and other green products. If the supply of these products available is limited, prices could rise, which could cause customer demand to be reduced and our revenues and gross margins to decline. For example, nursery goods, sod, and grass seed are perishable and have a limited shelf life. Should we be unable to sell our inventory of nursery goods, grass seed, sod, and other green products within a certain time frame, we may face losses requiring write-downs. In contrast, we may not be able to obtain high-quality nursery goods and other green products in an amount sufficient to meet customer demand. Even if available, nursery goods from alternate sources may be of lesser quality or may be more expensive than those currently grown or purchased by us. If we are unable to effectively manage our inventory and that of our distribution partners, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may not successfully implement our business strategies, including achieving our growth objectives.
We may not be able to fully implement our business strategies or realize, in whole or in part within the expected time frames, the anticipated benefits of our various growth objectives. Our various business strategies and initiatives, including our category management, supply chain, sales force, marketing, digital and operational initiatives, are subject to significant business, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. The execution of our business strategy and our financial performance will continue to depend in significant part on our executive management team and other key management personnel, and our executive management team’s ability to execute the initiatives that they are undertaking. In addition, we may incur certain costs as we pursue our initiatives, and we may not meet anticipated implementation timetables or stay within budgeted costs. As these initiatives are undertaken, we may not fully achieve our expected efficiency improvements or growth rates, or these initiatives could adversely impact our customer retention, supplier relationships, or operations. Also, our business strategies may change from time to time in light of our ability to implement our business initiatives, competitive pressures, economic uncertainties or developments, or other factors.
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We may be unable to successfully acquire and integrate other businesses.
Our historical growth has been driven in part by acquisitions, and future acquisitions are an important element of our business strategy. We may be unable to continue to grow our business through acquisitions. We may not be able to continue to identify suitable acquisition targets and may face increased competition for these acquisition targets by both existing competitors as well as new market entrants. In addition, acquired businesses may not perform in accordance with expectations, and our business judgments concerning the value, strengths, and weaknesses of acquired businesses may not prove to be correct. We may also be unable to achieve expected improvements or achievements in businesses that we acquire. Further, systems integration challenges can delay synergy realization and result in margin dilution. These risks are particularly acute with larger acquisitions that operate across multiple markets.
At any given time, we may be evaluating or in discussions with one or more acquisition targets, including entering into non-binding letters of intent. Future acquisitions may result in the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, legal liabilities, goodwill impairments, increased interest and amortization expense, and significant integration costs.
Acquisitions involve a number of special risks, including:
•our inability to manage acquired businesses or control integration costs and other costs relating to acquisitions;
•potential adverse short-term effects on operating results from increased costs or otherwise;
•diversion of management’s attention;
•failure to retain existing customers or key personnel of the acquired business and recruit qualified new associates at the location;
•failure to successfully implement infrastructure, logistics, and systems integrations which could, among other things, increase the risk of a cybersecurity incident;
•potential impairment of goodwill;
•our inability to obtain financing necessary to complete acquisitions on attractive terms or at all;
•risks associated with the internal controls of acquired companies;
•exposure to legal claims for activities of the acquired business prior to acquisition and inability to realize on any indemnification claims, including with respect to environmental and immigration claims; and
•the risks inherent in the systems of the acquired business and risks associated with unanticipated events or liabilities.
Our strategy could be impeded if we do not identify, or face increased competition for, suitable acquisition targets, and such increased competition could result in higher purchase price multiples we have to pay for acquisition targets or reduce the number of suitable targets. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be adversely affected if any of the foregoing factors were to occur.
Risks associated with our labor force and our customers’ labor force could have a significant adverse effect on our business.
We have an employee base of approximately 8,300 associates. Various federal and state labor laws govern our relationships with our associates and affect our operating costs. These laws include employee classifications as exempt or non-exempt, minimum wage requirements, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates, overtime, family leave, anti-discrimination laws, safety standards, payroll taxes, citizenship requirements, and other wage and benefit requirements for employees classified as non-exempt. As our associates may be paid at rates that relate to the applicable minimum wage, further increases in the minimum wage could increase our labor costs. Associates may make claims against us under federal or state laws, which could result in significant costs. Significant additional government regulations, including the Employee Free Choice Act, the Paycheck Fairness Act, and the Arbitration Fairness Act, could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Changes in immigration laws and policies could also affect labor market conditions and workforce availability in our operating regions, potentially increasing competition for workers and related labor costs. In addition, we compete with other companies for many of our associates in hourly positions, and we invest significant resources to train and motivate our associates to maintain a high level of job satisfaction. Like many companies in our industry, our hourly employment positions have historically had high turnover rates, which can lead to increased spending on training and retention and, as a result, increased labor costs. If we are unable to effectively retain highly qualified associates in our key positions to deliver the customer experience, particularly our transportation and supply chain associates, it could adversely impact our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
None of our associates are currently covered by collective bargaining or other similar labor agreements. However, if a larger number of our associates were to unionize, including as a result of any future legislation that makes it easier for associates to unionize, our business could be negatively affected. Any inability by us to negotiate collective bargaining arrangements could cause strikes or other work stoppages, and new contracts could result in increased operating costs. If any such strikes or other work stoppages occur, or if other associates become represented by a union, we could experience a disruption of our operations and higher labor costs.
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In addition, certain of our suppliers have unionized work forces and certain of our products are transported by unionized truckers. Strikes, work stoppages, or slowdowns could result in slowdowns or closures of facilities where the products that we sell are manufactured or could affect the ability of our suppliers to deliver such products to us. Any interruption in the production or delivery of these products could delay or reduce availability of these products and increase our costs.
Further, a large portion of our customers are in the landscape services industry, which is labor intensive. Demand for our products may be impacted by our customers’ ability to attract, train, and retain workers. Changes in immigration laws and regulations, trends in labor migration, and increases in our customers’ personnel costs or the inability of our customers to hire sufficient personnel, which may be amplified in tight labor market conditions, could adversely impact our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
We depend on a limited number of key personnel. We may not be able to attract or retain key executives, which could adversely impact our business and inhibit our ability to operate and grow successfully.
We depend upon the ability and experience of a number of our executive management and other key personnel who have substantial experience with our operations and within our industry, including Doug Black, our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of one or a combination of our senior executives or key employees could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Our business may also be negatively impacted if one of our senior executives or key employees is hired or recruited by a competitor. Our success also depends on our ability to continue to identify, attract, manage, motivate, and retain other qualified management personnel as we grow. We may not be able to continue to attract or retain such personnel in the future.
The nature of our business exposes us to construction defect and product liability claims as well as other legal proceedings.
We rely on manufacturers and other suppliers to provide us with the products we sell and distribute. As we do not have direct control over the quality of the products manufactured or supplied by such third-party suppliers, we are exposed to risks relating to the quality of the products we distribute. It is possible that inventory from a manufacturer or supplier could be sold to our customers and later be alleged to have quality problems or to have caused personal injury, subjecting us to potential claims from customers or third parties. We are subject to such claims from time to time.
We operate a large fleet of trucks and other vehicles. From time to time, the drivers of these vehicles are involved in accidents which could result in material personal injuries and property damage claims and in which goods carried by these drivers may be lost or damaged. We cannot make assurances that we will be able to obtain insurance coverage to address a portion of these types of liabilities on acceptable terms in the future, if at all, or that any such insurance will provide adequate coverage against potential claims. Further, while we seek indemnification against potential liability for products liability claims from relevant parties, including but not limited to manufacturers and suppliers, we do not have written indemnification agreements from all of our suppliers and we may be unable to recover under such indemnification agreements that exist. An unsuccessful product liability defense could be highly costly and accordingly result in a decline in revenues and profitability. Finally, even if we are successful in defending any claim relating to the products we distribute, claims of this nature could negatively impact customer confidence in our products and our company.
Due to the highly regulated nature of certain of our products, from time to time, we may be involved in government inquiries and investigations, as well as tort proceedings, including toxic tort and product liability actions, and employment and other litigation. We cannot predict with certainty the outcomes of these legal proceedings and other contingencies, including environmental investigation, remediation, and other proceedings commenced by government authorities. The outcome of some of these legal proceedings and other contingencies could require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions which could adversely affect our operations or could require us to pay substantial amounts of money. Additionally, defending against lawsuits and proceedings may involve significant expense and diversion of management’s attention and resources from other matters regardless of the ultimate outcome.
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An impairment of goodwill and/or other intangible assets could reduce Net income.
Acquisitions frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets. As of December 29, 2024, goodwill represented approximately 17% of our total assets. Goodwill is currently not amortized for financial reporting purposes and is subject to impairment testing at least annually using a fair-value based approach. The identification and measurement of goodwill impairment involves the estimation of the fair value of our reporting units. Our accounting for impairment contains uncertainty because management must use its judgment in determining appropriate assumptions to be used in the measurement of fair value. We determine the fair values of our reporting units by using both a market and income approach.
We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill for impairment in between our annual tests when events or changes in circumstances, including a sustained decline in our market capitalization, indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. Any impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets, including as a result of market dynamics beyond our control, will reduce Net income in the period in which the impairment is recognized.
Adverse credit and financial market events and conditions could, among other things, impede access to, or increase the cost of, financing or cause our customers to incur liquidity issues that could lead to some of our products not being purchased or orders being canceled, or result in reduced operating revenue and Net income, any of which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Disruptions in credit or financial markets could, among other things, lead to impairment charges, make it more difficult for us to obtain, or increase our cost of obtaining, financing for our operations or investments or to refinance our indebtedness, cause our lenders to depart from prior credit industry practice and not give technical or other waivers under the Credit Facilities (as defined under “—Risks Related to Our Current Indebtedness” below), to the extent we may seek them in the future, thereby causing us to be in default under one or more of the Credit Facilities. These disruptions could also cause our customers to encounter liquidity issues that could lead to a reduction in the amount of our products purchased or services used, could result in an increase in the time it takes our customers to pay us, or could lead to a decrease in pricing for our products, any of which could adversely affect our accounts receivable, among other things, and, in turn, increase our working capital needs. In addition, adverse developments at federal, state, and local levels associated with budget deficits resulting from economic conditions could result in federal, state, and local governments increasing taxes or other fees on businesses, including us, to generate more tax revenues, which could negatively impact spending by customers on our products.
Inefficient or ineffective allocation of capital could adversely affect our operating results and/or stockholder value.
We strive to allocate capital in a manner that enhances stockholder value, lowers our cost of capital, and demonstrates our commitment to return excess capital to stockholders, while maintaining our ability to invest in strategic acquisition opportunities. In October 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization for up to $400.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The Company has, and intends to continue to, purchase shares under the repurchase authorization from time to time on the open market at the discretion of management, subject to strategic considerations, market conditions, and other factors. Repurchases under our share repurchase program will reduce the market liquidity for our stock, potentially affecting its trading volatility and price. Future share repurchases will also diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to pursue attractive strategic opportunities. Therefore, if we do not properly allocate our capital, including with respect to returning value to our stockholders through this share repurchase authorization, we may fail to produce optimal financial results and experience a reduction in stockholder value.
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The majority of our Net sales are derived from credit sales, which are made primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent, in part, upon the economic strength of the geographic areas in which they operate, and the failure to collect monies owed from customers could adversely affect our working capital and financial condition.
The majority of our Net sales in our 2024 Fiscal Year were derived from the extension of credit to our customers whose ability to pay is dependent, in part, upon the economic strength of the areas where they operate. We offer credit to customers, generally on a short-term basis, either through unsecured credit that is based solely upon the creditworthiness of the customer, or secured credit for materials sold for a specific project where we establish a security interest in the material used in the project. The type of credit we offer depends on the customer’s financial strength. If any of our customers are unable to repay the credit that we have extended in a timely manner, or at all, our working capital, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows would be adversely affected. Further, our collections efforts with respect to non-paying or slow-paying customers could negatively impact our customer relations going forward.
Because we depend on certain of our customers to repay extensions of credit, if the financial condition of our customers declines, our credit risk could increase as a result. Significant contraction in the residential and non-residential construction markets, coupled with limited credit availability and stricter financial institution underwriting standards, could adversely affect the operations and financial stability of certain of our customers. Should one or more of our larger customers declare bankruptcy, it could adversely affect the collectability of our accounts receivable, bad debt reserves, and Net income.
Because we operate our business through highly dispersed locations across the United States and Canada, our operations may be materially adversely affected by inconsistent practices and the operating results of individual branches may vary.
We operate our business through a network of highly dispersed locations throughout the United States and Canada, supported by executives and services from our headquarters, with local area and branch management retaining responsibility for day-to-day operations and adherence to applicable local laws. Our operating structure could make it difficult for us to coordinate procedures across our operations in a timely manner or at all. We may have difficulty attracting and retaining local personnel. In addition, our branches may require significant oversight and coordination from headquarters to support their growth. From time to time, we may need to consolidate or close branches and other locations, which can result in significant charges and costs. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2024, we consolidated or closed certain branches and other locations, and, based on a long-lived asset impairment test that we performed, recorded impairment and other related charges of approximately $11.4 million. These actions may not achieve their intended benefits and could result in reduced sales, unexpected costs, and disruption to our operations and customer relationships. Inconsistent implementation of corporate strategy and policies at the local level could materially and adversely affect our overall profitability, prospects, business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. In addition, the operating results of an individual branch may differ from that of another branch for a variety of reasons, including market size, management practices, competitive landscape, regulatory requirements, and local economic conditions. As a result, certain of our branches may experience higher or lower levels of growth and profitability than other branches.
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In the event of a cybersecurity incident, we could experience operational interruptions, incur substantial additional costs, become subject to legal or regulatory proceedings, or suffer damage to our reputation.
In addition to the disruptions that may occur from interruptions in our information technology systems, cybersecurity threats and sophisticated and targeted cyberattacks pose a risk to our information technology systems, as well as those of our third-party service providers and other third parties with whom we do business and communicate. In connection with the increase in work-from-home arrangements, there has been a spike in cybersecurity attacks as work-from-home measures have led businesses to increase reliance on virtual environments and communications systems, which have been subject to increasing third-party vulnerabilities and security risks. In addition, the technology systems of businesses that we have acquired or may acquire, as well as their practices related to the collection, use, maintenance, and disclosure of data, could present issues that we were not able to identify prior the acquisition or other issues that continue to pose risk to use, such as cybersecurity vulnerabilities or past cybersecurity or privacy incidents. We have established security policies, processes, and defenses designed to help identify and protect against intentional and unintentional misappropriation or corruption of our information technology systems and information and disruption of our operations. Despite these efforts, and especially in light of increasingly sophisticated techniques used in cybersecurity attacks, our information technology systems and those of third parties with whom we do business or communicate may be damaged, disrupted, or shut down due to attacks by unauthorized access, malicious software, computer viruses, undetected intrusion, hardware failures, or other events, and in these circumstances where we cannot fully anticipate, detect, repel, or implement fully effective preventative measures, our disaster recovery plans may be ineffective or inadequate. These breaches or intrusions could lead to business interruption, exposure of proprietary or confidential information, data corruption, damage to our reputation, exposure to legal and regulatory proceedings, and other costs. A security breach might also lead to violations of privacy laws, regulations, trade guidelines or practices related to our customers and associates, and could result in potential claims from customers, associates, shareholders, or regulatory agencies. Such events could adversely impact our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In addition, we could be adversely affected if any of our significant customers or suppliers experiences any similar events that disrupt their business operations or damage their reputation. Furthermore, our increased use of mobile and cloud technologies, including as a result of changes in working environments such as work-from-home arrangements, has heighted these cybersecurity and privacy risks, including risks from cyber-attacks such as phishing, spam emails, hacking, social engineering, and malicious software.
Additionally, to the extent artificial intelligence capabilities continue to evolve and are increasingly adopted, they may be used to identify vulnerabilities and craft increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity attacks. Attachments crafted with artificial intelligence tools could directly attack information systems with greater speed and/or efficiency than a human threat actor or create more effective phishing emails. Vulnerabilities may also be introduced from the use of artificial intelligence by us, our customers, suppliers, and other business partners and third-party providers. Use of artificial intelligence by us or such third parties, whether authorized or unauthorized, increases the risk that our intellectual property and other proprietary information will be unintentionally disclosed.
While we maintain monitoring practices and protections of our information technology to reduce these risks and test our systems on an ongoing basis for potential threats, there can be no assurance that these efforts will prevent a cyber-attack or other security breach. We have not always been able in the past and may be unable in the future to anticipate or prevent techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to compromise our systems because the techniques used change frequently and are generally not detected until after an incident has occurred.
In July 2020, we experienced a ransomware attack on our information technology systems. There can be no guarantees that the attack will not lead to the disclosure of customer data, our trade secrets, or other intellectual property, or personal information of our employees. There can be no guarantee that the release of any of this information will not have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the July 2020 ransomware attack could result in potential claims from customers, associates, stockholders, or regulatory agencies, which could result in significant judgements against us, penalties, and fines. The cost of investigating, mitigating, and responding to potential data security breaches and complying with applicable breach notification obligations to individuals, regulators, partners, and others could be significant.
We carry cybersecurity insurance to help mitigate the financial exposure and related notification procedures in the event of intentional intrusion, including the July 2020 ransomware attack; however, there can be no assurance that our insurance will adequately protect against potential losses that could adversely affect our business.
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We rely on our computer and data processing systems, and a large-scale malfunction or failure in our information technology systems could disrupt our business, create potential liabilities for us, or limit our ability to effectively monitor, operate, and control our operations and adversely impact our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our ability to keep our business operating effectively depends on the functional and efficient operation of our enterprise resource planning, telecommunications, inventory tracking, billing, and other information systems. We rely on these systems and the systems of certain third-party vendors to track transactions, billings, payments, and inventory, as well as to make a variety of day-to-day business decisions. We may experience system malfunctions, interruptions, or security breaches from time to time. Some of our systems run older generations of software that may be unable to perform as efficiently as, and fail to communicate well with, newer systems. As we implement or develop new systems in the future, we may elect to modify, replace, or discontinue certain technology initiatives. Changes or modifications to our information technology systems could cause disruptions to our operations or cause challenges with respect to our compliance with laws, regulations, or other applicable standards.
A significant or large-scale malfunction or interruption of our systems or the systems of third-party vendors could adversely affect our ability to manage and keep our operations running efficiently and damage our reputation. A malfunction that results in a wider or sustained disruption to our business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, as well as on the ability of management to align and optimize technology to implement business strategies. If our disaster recovery plans do not work as anticipated, or if any third-party vendors to which we have outsourced certain information technology or other services fail to fulfill their obligations to us, our operations may be adversely impacted and any of these circumstances could adversely impact our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
If we fail to protect the security of personal information about our customers, we could be subject to interruption of our business operations, private litigation, reputational damage, and costly penalties.
We rely on, among other things, commercially available systems, software, tokenization, tools, and monitoring to provide security for collecting, processing, transmitting, and storing confidential customer information, such as payment card and personally identifiable information. The systems we currently use for payment card transactions, and the technology utilized in payment cards themselves, all of which can put payment card data at risk, are central to meeting standards set by the payment card industry, or PCI. We continue to evaluate and modify our systems and protocols for PCI compliance purposes; however, PCI data security standards may change from time to time. Activities by third parties, advances in computer and software capabilities and encryption technology, new tools and discoveries, and other events or developments may facilitate or result in a compromise or breach of our systems. Any compromises, breaches, or errors in applications related to our systems or failures to comply with data security standards set by the PCI, could cause damage to our reputation and interruptions in our operations, including our customers’ ability to pay for our products and services by credit card or their willingness to purchase our products and services, and could further result in a violation of applicable laws, regulations, orders, industry standards, or agreements and subject us to costs, penalties, litigation, and liabilities which could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights that are material to our business.
Our ability to compete effectively depends in part on our rights to service marks, trademarks, trade names, and other intellectual property rights we own or license, particularly our registered trademarks SiteOne®, LESCO®, SiteOne Green Tech®, and Pro-Trade®. We have not sought to register or protect every one of our marks or brand names either in the United States or in every country in which they are or may be used. Furthermore, because of the differences in foreign trademark, patent, and other intellectual property or proprietary rights laws, we may not receive the same protection in other countries as we would in the United States. If we are unable to protect our proprietary information and brand names, we could suffer a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights and protect our proprietary information, or to defend against claims by third parties that our products, services, or activities infringe their intellectual property rights.
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We may be subject to unanticipated changes in our tax provisions, including further changes to applicable U.S. tax laws.
We are subject to income and other taxes in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, as well as Canada. Changes in applicable U.S. or Canadian tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, including the possibility of retroactive effect, could impact our tax expense and profitability. There may also be technical corrections or superseding legislation proposed with respect to tax laws, the risk of which is uncertain in light of the 2024 election results, and the effect and timing cannot be predicted and may be adverse to us or our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We are unable to predict the full extent to which potential changes in the tax laws or changes in their interpretation could have a material adverse impact on our operating results. We have filed our tax returns in prior years based upon certain filing positions we believe are appropriate. If the Internal Revenue Service or state taxing authorities disagree with these filing positions, we may owe additional taxes.
Acts or threats of terrorism, public health emergencies, violence, or unfavorable or uncertain political conditions could harm our business.
Acts of terrorism or war, public health emergencies, political or civil unrest and uncertainty, public health emergencies, and other catastrophes may disrupt commerce and undermine consumer confidence, which could negatively affect our sales by causing consumer spending to decline. Also, an act of terrorism or war, or the threat thereof, political or civil unrest or uncertainty, public health emergencies, and other catastrophes, could negatively affect our business by interfering with our ability to obtain products from our suppliers or distribute products to our customers.
Risks Related to Our Current Indebtedness
We have outstanding indebtedness and may incur substantial additional indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial health and our ability to obtain financing in the future, react to changes in our business, or satisfy our obligations.
As of December 29, 2024, we had $393.3 million of total long-term consolidated indebtedness outstanding and $130.6 million of finance lease obligations excluding interest.
SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC (“Landscape Holding”) and SiteOne Landscape Supply, LLC (“Landscape”) are parties to (i) a credit agreement dated December 23, 2013, providing for an asset-based loan facility in the amount of up to $600.0 million, subject to availability under a borrowing base (as so amended, the “ABL Facility”) and (ii) a second amended and restated credit agreement dated March 23, 2021, providing for a syndicated senior secured term loan facility, which had an outstanding balance of $392.7 million as of December 29, 2024 (as so amended, “the Tranche B Term Loans” and, together with the ABL Facility, the “Credit Facilities”).
Our current indebtedness could have important consequences. Because of our current indebtedness:
•our ability to engage in acquisitions without raising additional equity or obtaining additional debt financing is limited;
•our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, or general corporate purposes, and our ability to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness may be impaired in the future;
•a large portion of our cash flow from operations must be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available to us for other purposes;
•although we enter into interest rate hedging transactions periodically, we are exposed to the risk of increased interest rates because borrowings under the Credit Facilities and certain floating rate operating and finance leases are at variable rates of interest;
•it may be more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations to our creditors, resulting in possible defaults on, and acceleration of, such indebtedness;
•we may be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•we may be at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors with proportionately less indebtedness or with comparable indebtedness on more favorable terms and, as a result, they may be better positioned to withstand economic downturns;
•our ability to refinance indebtedness may be limited or the associated costs may increase;
•our flexibility to adjust to changing market conditions and ability to withstand competitive pressures could be limited; and
•we may be prevented from carrying out capital spending and restructurings that are necessary or important to our growth strategy and efforts to improve operating margins of our businesses.
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Although the Credit Facilities contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions may be significant. If additional indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the risks to our financial health, our ability to react to changes in our business, or satisfy our obligations may intensify.
Significant or prolonged periods of higher interest rates would increase the cost of servicing our indebtedness and could reduce our profitability.
Our indebtedness under the Credit Facilities bears interest at variable rates, and as a result, significant or prolonged periods of higher interest rates would increase the cost of servicing our indebtedness and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows. The impact of significant or prolonged periods of higher interest rates could be more significant for us than it would be for some other companies because of our current indebtedness. As of December 29, 2024, an increase of one percentage point in interest rates would result in an increase of approximately $4.0 million in projected interest payments for the 2025 Fiscal Year based on the amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility and the Tranche B Term Loans that were not covered by our interest rate swap contracts.
We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Such techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940. Additionally, we cannot assure you that financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Deterioration in the credit markets, which could delay our ability to sell certain of our loan investments in a timely manner, could also negatively impact our cash flows.
The agreements and instruments governing our indebtedness contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly impact our ability to operate our business.
Our Credit Facilities contain customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants that restrict some of our activities. The negative covenants limit the ability of Landscape Holding and Landscape to: incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends, redeem stock, or make other distributions; repurchase, prepay or redeem subordinated indebtedness; make investments; create restrictions on the ability of Landscape Holding’s restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other intercompany transfers; create liens; transfer or sell assets; make negative pledges; consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of Landscape Holding’s assets; enter into certain transactions with affiliates; and designate subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.
In addition, the ABL Facility is subject to various covenants requiring minimum financial ratios, and our additional borrowings may be limited by these financial ratios. Our ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions contained in the Credit Facilities, may be affected by economic, financial, and industry conditions beyond our control including credit or capital market disruptions. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions could result in a default that would permit the applicable lenders to declare all amounts outstanding thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. If we are unable to repay indebtedness, lenders having secured obligations, such as the lenders under the Credit Facilities, could proceed against the collateral securing the indebtedness. In any such case, we may be unable to borrow under the Credit Facilities and may not be able to repay the amounts due under such facilities. This could have serious consequences to our financial position and results of operations and could cause us to become bankrupt or insolvent.
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Our ability to generate the significant amount of cash needed to pay interest and principal on our indebtedness and our ability to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing depends on many factors beyond our control.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on, or to refinance our obligations under, our indebtedness depends on the financial and operating performance of our subsidiaries, which, in turn, depends on their results of operations, cash flows, cash requirements, financial position, and general business conditions, and any legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends to which they may be subject, many of which may be beyond our control.
We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek to obtain additional equity capital, or restructure our indebtedness. In the future, our cash flow and capital resources may not be sufficient for payments of interest on and principal of our indebtedness, and such alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations.
The final maturity date of the ABL Facility is July 22, 2027. The final maturity date of the Tranche B Term Loans is March 22, 2030. We may be unable to refinance any of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, particularly because of our high levels of indebtedness. Market disruptions, such as those experienced in 2020, as well as our significant indebtedness levels, may increase our cost of borrowing or adversely affect our ability to refinance our obligations as they become due. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness or access additional credit, or if short-term or long-term borrowing costs dramatically increase, our ability to finance current operations and meet our short-term and long-term obligations could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The market price of our common stock may be volatile.
The stock market in general and our common stock in particular have recently experienced significant volatility and the market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate significantly. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:
•industry or general market conditions;
•domestic and international economic and political factors unrelated to our performance;
•changes in our customers’ or their end-users’ preferences;
•new regulatory pronouncements and changes in regulatory guidelines;
•lawsuits, enforcement actions, and other claims by third parties or governmental authorities;
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;
•changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance;
•action by institutional stockholders or other large stockholders, including future sales;
•comments by public figures or other third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards, and social and other media;
•failure to meet any guidance given by us or any change in any guidance given by us, or changes by us in our guidance practices;
•announcements by us of significant impairment charges;
•speculation in the press or investment community;
•investor perception of us and our industry;
•changes in market valuations or earnings of similar companies;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, dispositions, or strategic partnerships;
•novel and unforeseen trading strategies adopted by retail investors or other market participants;
•war, civil unrest, terrorist acts, and epidemic disease, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Gaza Strip, and other unrest in the Middle East;
•any future repurchases or sales of our common stock or other securities; and
•additions or departures of key personnel.
In particular, we cannot assure that you will be able to resell your shares at or above your purchase price. The stock markets have experienced significant volatility in recent years that has been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, class action litigation has often been instituted against the affected company. Any litigation of this type brought against us could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which would harm our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
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Holdings is a holding company with no operations of its own, and it depends on its subsidiaries for cash to fund all of its operations and expenses, including to make future dividend payments, if any.
Our operations are conducted entirely through our subsidiaries, and our ability to generate cash to fund operations and expenses, to pay dividends, or to meet debt service obligations is highly dependent on the earnings, and the receipt of funds from our subsidiaries through dividends or intercompany loans. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings, or cash flow of Landscape and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair their ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that Holdings needs funds, and its subsidiaries are restricted from providing funding or capital under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of our Credit Facilities, or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We do not currently expect to declare or pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Payments of dividends, if any, will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, our ability and plans to fund future share repurchases, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions, and implications of the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries (including Landscape) to us, and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, Delaware law may impose requirements that may restrict our ability to pay dividends to holders of our common stock. To the extent that we determine in the future to pay dividends on our common stock, none of our subsidiaries will be obligated to make funds available to us for the payment of dividends.
Our organizational documents contain certain provisions that may discourage, delay, or prevent a change of control of our Company and may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for certain disputes.
Our fourth amended and restated certificate of incorporation (“Charter”) and third amended and restated by-laws (“By-laws”) include a number of provisions that may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our Charter and By-laws, collectively:
•authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our Board of Directors to thwart a takeover attempt;
•provide for a classified board of directors, which divides our Board of Directors into three classes, with members of each class serving staggered three-year terms, which prevents stockholders from electing an entirely new board of directors at an annual meeting;
•limit the ability of stockholders to remove directors;
•provide that vacancies on our Board of Directors, including vacancies resulting from an enlargement of our Board of Directors, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office;
•prohibit stockholders from calling special meetings of stockholders;
•prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders; and
•establish advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election as directors or to bring other business before an annual meeting of our stockholders.
These provisions may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and/or adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if the provisions are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.
In addition, our Charter provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to us or our stockholders by any of our directors, officers, other employees, agents, or stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising out of or under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (including, without limitation, any action asserting a claim arising out of or pursuant to our Charter or By-laws), or (iv) any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. By becoming a stockholder in our company, you will be deemed to have notice of and have consented to the provisions of our Charter related to choice of forum. The choice of forum provision in our Charter may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees, agents, or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy
Additionally, in furtherance of detecting, identifying, managing, and protecting against cybersecurity and other data security threats, we also:
•utilize Geo-IP blocking to restrict access from outside North America to our external networks, systems, and websites;
•maintain established information security policies and processes;
•provide regular security and privacy workforce training to instruct all associates on identifying and safeguarding against cybersecurity concerns;
•deploy regular network and endpoint software updates on all company-managed systems and workstations to detect and prevent, among others, viruses, malicious code, unauthorized access, and phishing attempts;
•maintain a disaster recovery plan, and perform at least four disaster recovery exercises annually to validate and optimize our recovery efforts in event of a cybersecurity incident;
•conduct quarterly phishing exercises for all associates and, if necessary, additional training or remedial action is taken;
•regularly engage third-party cybersecurity experts to conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing on our information networks, systems, and applications; and
•maintain cybersecurity liability insurance.
We also have an incident response plan that includes procedures to notify, triage, contain, and investigate material cybersecurity incidents. In connection with such plan, we retain a leading cybersecurity incident response firm to provide immediate support in the event of a material cybersecurity incident.
Like other companies that process a wide variety of information, our information technology systems, networks, and infrastructure have been, and may in the future be, vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and other data security threats. These types of attacks are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized until after they have been launched against a target. For example, and as previously disclosed, in July 2020, we experienced a ransomware attack on our information technology systems. While there has been no material impact to our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition as a result of the ransomware attack, this incident, as well as any other breach of our systems may result in cybersecurity-related risks that could have a material impact. Refer to “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to Our Business and Our Industry” for additional information regarding the cybersecurity risks faced by the Company.
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Governance
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Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters is located on leased premises at 300 Colonial Center Parkway, Suite 600, Roswell, Georgia 30076. Our corporate headquarters is approximately 55,000 square feet and the lease will expire in 2037.
We own and lease a variety of facilities in 45 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces for our branch operations, offices, and storage. We primarily lease 5,000 to 15,000 square foot facilities in both freestanding and multi-tenant buildings with secured outside storage yards averaging from 10,000 to 20,000 square feet. As of December 29, 2024, we leased four distribution center facilities across the United States. Our West distribution center operations transitioned from Colton, California (approximately 179,000 square feet) to Goodyear, Arizona, which is approximately 392,000 square feet in April 2023. The Hutchins, Texas distribution center is approximately 338,000 square feet and the Palmetto, Georgia distribution center is approximately 335,000 square feet, both of which commenced operations in the fourth quarter of 2021. The Carlisle, Pennsylvania distribution center is approximately 201,000 square feet and commenced operations in the first quarter of 2018. The significant majority of our facilities are subject to operating leases, and we own 19 properties. As of December 29, 2024, we operated 694 branches in the following locations:
| State /Province | Number of Locations | State /Province | Number of Locations | |||||||||||||||||
| California | 79 | Idaho | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 71 | Louisiana | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Texas | 64 | Nevada | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| North Carolina | 39 | New Hampshire | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Virginia | 37 | Oklahoma | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Arizona | 29 | Oregon | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | 29 | Arkansas | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Georgia | 24 | Kentucky | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| New York | 21 | Nebraska | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Colorado | 20 | Rhode Island | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Michigan | 19 | Utah | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | 19 | Delaware | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| South Carolina | 18 | Iowa | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ohio | 16 | Hawaii | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Illinois | 15 | Maine | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Connecticut | 14 | Mississippi | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | 13 | New Mexico | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Missouri | 13 | North Dakota | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Tennessee | 13 | South Dakota | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Washington | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | 10 | Alberta | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Alabama | 9 | Ontario | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Indiana | 9 | British Columbia | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Minnesota | 9 | Manitoba | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Kansas | 6 | Québec | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | 6 | Saskatchewan | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are not currently involved in any material litigation or arbitration. We are subject to litigation and arbitration from time to time in the ordinary course of business. At this time, we do not expect any of these proceedings to have a material effect on our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. However, we can give no assurance that the results of any such proceedings will not materially affect our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Common Stock
Shares of our common stock trade on the NYSE under the symbol “SITE”. As of February 14, 2025, there were three registered holders of our common stock (this excludes stockholders whose shares are held of record by brokers, banks, or other nominees).
Dividends
We do not expect to declare or pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Instead, we intend to retain future earnings, if any, to service our debt, finance the growth and development of our business, fund acquisitions and share repurchases, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. Our ability to pay dividends to holders of our common stock in the future will be limited as a practical matter by the Credit Facilities, insofar as we may seek to pay dividends out of funds made available to us by Landscape or its subsidiaries, because Landscape’s debt instruments directly or indirectly restrict Landscape’s ability to pay dividends or make loans to us. Any future determination to pay dividends on our common stock is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon various factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity requirements, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, contractual restrictions with respect to payment of dividends, restrictions imposed by applicable law, general business conditions, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Limitations on Distributions and Dividends by Subsidiaries” for a description of the restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Refer to Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information will be set forth in SiteOne’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
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Stock Performance Graph
This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
The graph and table below present our cumulative total stockholder returns relative to the performance of the NYSE Composite Index, Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400 Index, and Dow Jones US Industrial Supplier Index for the five most recent fiscal years. All values assume a $100 initial investment at the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE and in each index on the last trading day of fiscal year 2019. The data for the NYSE Composite Index, Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400 Index, and Dow Jones US Industrial Supplier Index assumes all dividends were reinvested on the date paid. The points on the graph represent fiscal year-end values based on the last trading day of each fiscal year. The comparisons are based on historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, the future performance of our common stock.
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company / Index | December 29, 2019 | January 3, 2021 | January 2, 2022 | January 1, 2023 | December 31, 2023 | December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 175.36 | $ | 267.83 | $ | 129.69 | $ | 179.64 | $ | 147.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NYSE Composite | $ | 100.00 | $ | 106.79 | $ | 128.87 | $ | 116.81 | $ | 132.90 | $ | 154.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 400 MidCap | $ | 100.00 | $ | 113.73 | $ | 141.88 | $ | 123.35 | $ | 143.63 | $ | 164.48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dow Jones US Industrial Suppliers Index | $ | 100.00 | $ | 126.46 | $ | 168.96 | $ | 146.67 | $ | 217.61 | $ | 248.51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
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Purchases of Equity Securities by Issuer and Affiliates Purchasers
The following table provides information about the purchases of our common stock made during the three months ended December 29, 2024:
| Periods | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)(a) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2024 - November 3, 2024 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 342.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| November 4, 2024 - December 1, 2024 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 342.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 2, 2024 - December 29, 2024 | 223,421 | $ | 134.26 | 223,421 | $ | 312.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 223,421 | $ | 134.26 | 223,421 | $ | 312.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
______________
(a) In October 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization for up to $400.0 million of our common stock. The share repurchase authorization, which was announced on November 2, 2022, does not have an expiration date and may be amended, suspended, or terminated by our Board of Directors at any time.
Item 6. [Reserved]
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For the discussion of the financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended January 1, 2023, refer to “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024, which discussion is incorporated herein by reference.
The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those factors discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information” and “Risk Factors”.
Overview
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (collectively with all of its subsidiaries referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as “SiteOne,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” or individually as “Holdings”) indirectly owns 100% of the membership interest in SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC (“Landscape Holding”). Landscape Holding is the parent and sole owner of SiteOne Landscape Supply, LLC (“Landscape”).
We are the largest and only national full product line wholesale distributor of landscape supplies in the United States and have a growing presence in Canada. Our customers are primarily residential and commercial landscape professionals who specialize in the design, installation, and maintenance of lawns, gardens, golf courses, and other outdoor spaces. As of December 29, 2024, we had over 690 branch locations in 45 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces. Through our expansive North American network, we offer a comprehensive selection of approximately 170,000 SKUs, including irrigation supplies, fertilizer and control products (e.g., herbicides), hardscapes (including pavers, natural stone, and blocks), landscape accessories, nursery goods, outdoor lighting, and ice melt products to green industry professionals. We also provide value-added consultative services to complement our product offerings and to help our customers operate and grow their businesses.
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Business Environment and Trends
The 2024 Fiscal Year presented ongoing economic challenges, characterized by weakness in the repair and upgrade end market and commodity price deflation, particularly in PVC pipe and grass seed. Consumer discretionary spending on outdoor living has declined amid the current economic environment. Despite the Federal Reserve’s 50 basis point rate cut late in the third quarter and two additional 25 basis point rate cuts in the fourth quarter, we experienced continued pressure on Net sales growth and Net income through the fourth quarter of 2024 due to elevated interest rates, tighter financial markets, reduced consumer spending, persistent commodity price deflation, and general market and political uncertainty. Organic Daily Sales declined by 1% in the 2024 Fiscal Year, and were flat for the 2023 Fiscal Year, with price deflation reducing Organic Daily Sales by 3% and less than 1% for the 2024 and 2023 fiscal years, respectively. The negative pricing trend that began in the second half of the 2023 Fiscal Year persisted throughout 2024, with price deflation exceeding our anticipated range at the start of 2024 of down 1% to 2%. Net sales and Gross profit grew 6% and 5% in the 2024 Fiscal Year, respectively, primarily driven by acquisitions. Gross margin decreased 30 basis points for the 2024 Fiscal Year, primarily due to lower price realization, partially offset by the positive impact from higher-margin acquisitions. Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased 10% for the 2024 Fiscal Year, primarily due to the impact of acquisitions with higher operating costs and impairment charges related to the consolidation or closure of certain branches and other locations. Net income attributable to SiteOne decreased 29% for the 2024 Fiscal Year, primarily due to the negative impact of commodity product deflation and lower price realization.
Looking forward, the trend of consumers spending more time at home and investing in their outdoor living spaces is expected to continue, although at lower levels compared to the three-year pandemic peak. Increases in home values, lack of affordable new homes, and elevated mortgage interest rates for prolonged periods have resulted in homeowners staying in their homes for longer periods. However, the long-term outlook for the landscape supply industry remains strong, driven by favorable population trends, housing demand, and continued interest in outdoor living. We remain confident in the landscape supply industry growth opportunities and our ability to continue providing our customers, suppliers, and shareholders with exceptional value. We are the only national full product line wholesale distributor of landscape supplies in the United States. With a robust acquisition pipeline and a flexible business model, we remain committed to our strategic and operational initiatives and will continue to focus on driving growth organically and through acquisitions while gaining market share and delivering margin expansion by leveraging our scale, resources, and capabilities. Looking ahead to the 2025 Fiscal Year, the rate of commodity price deflation is expected to moderate as declines in PVC pipe and grass seed are anticipated to be offset by modest price increases collectively across our other products. In addition, our balanced end market mix, broad product portfolio, geographic coverage, and commercial and operational initiatives provide us with multiple opportunities to achieve growth and position us to be resilient in softer markets.
As we continue to navigate through the current uncertainty presented by market and economic conditions, we believe that we are prepared to meet the challenges ahead due to our well-balanced business, strong financial condition, dedicated and experienced teams, and focused business strategy. Our balance sheet and liquidity position provide the flexibility to operate effectively and execute our growth strategy, as well as complete share repurchases through the evolving market conditions. We continue to closely monitor the impact on our business and the related risks and uncertainties of interest rate changes, tariffs, and labor market conditions and workforce availability, as well as declining commodity prices and softer markets and the potential effects of uncertain political conditions and geopolitical conflicts. These conditions are beyond our control, and we cannot estimate with certainty the full extent of their impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and/or financial condition. To mitigate the effects of these conditions, we may take actions that alter our business operations if required or that we determine are in the best interests of our associates, customers, suppliers, and shareholders. The forward-looking statements in this Business Environment and Trends section are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. See Part I, Item 1A. - “Risk Factors”, for a discussion of the various risks that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Presentation
Our financial statements included in this report have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Our fiscal year is a 52- or 53-week period ending on the Sunday nearest to December 31 in each year. Our fiscal quarters end on the Sunday nearest to March 31, June 30, and September 30, respectively.
The discussion of our financial condition is presented for the 2024 Fiscal Year, which ended on December 29, 2024, and the 2023 Fiscal Year, which ended on December 31, 2023, both of which included 52 weeks and 252 Selling Days. “Selling Days” are defined below within the “Key Business and Performance Metrics” section.
We manage our business as a single reportable segment. Within our organizational framework, the same operational resources support multiple geographic regions, and performance is evaluated at a consolidated level. Each of our regions has similar operations and economic characteristics such as the nature of products and services, the types of customers we sell to, and the distribution methods utilized. In addition, our product categories have similar supply chain processes and classes of customers.
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Key Business and Performance Metrics
We focus on a variety of indicators and key operating and financial metrics to monitor the financial condition and performance of our business. These metrics include:
Net sales. We generate Net sales primarily through the sale of landscape supplies, including irrigation supplies, fertilizer and control products, hardscapes, landscape accessories, nursery goods, outdoor lighting, and ice melt products to our customers who are primarily landscape contractors serving the residential and commercial construction sectors. Our Net sales include billings for freight and handling charges, and commissions on the sale of control products that we sell as an agent. Net sales are presented net of any discounts, returns, customer rebates, and sales or other revenue-based taxes.
Non-GAAP Organic Sales. In managing our business, we consider all growth, including the opening of new greenfield branches, to be organic growth unless it results from an acquisition. When we refer to Organic Sales growth, we include increases in growth from newly opened greenfield branches and decreases in growth from closing existing branches but exclude increases in growth from acquired branches until they have been under our ownership for at least four full fiscal quarters at the start of the fiscal reporting period.
Non-GAAP Selling Days. Selling Days are defined as business days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, that our branches are open during the year. Depending upon the location and the season, our branches may be open on Saturdays and Sundays; however, for consistency, those days have been excluded from the calculation of Selling Days.
Non-GAAP Organic Daily Sales. We define Organic Daily Sales as Organic Sales divided by the number of Selling Days in the relevant reporting period. We believe Organic Sales growth and Organic Daily Sales growth are useful measures for evaluating our performance as we may choose to open or close branches in any given market depending upon the needs of our customers or our strategic growth opportunities. Refer to “Results of Operations – Quarterly Results of Operations Data” for a reconciliation of Organic Daily Sales to Net sales.
Cost of goods sold. Our Cost of goods sold includes all inventory costs, such as the purchase price paid to suppliers, net of any volume-based incentives and discounts, as well as inbound freight and handling, and other costs associated with inventory. Cost of goods sold also includes salaries, wages, employee benefits, payroll taxes, bonuses, depreciation, and amortization related to inventory production activities. Our Cost of goods sold excludes the cost to deliver the products to our customers through our branches, which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Cost of goods sold is recognized primarily using the first-in, first-out method of accounting for the inventory sold.
Gross profit and gross margin. We believe that Gross profit and gross margin are useful for evaluating our operating performance. We define Gross profit as Net sales less Cost of goods sold. We define gross margin as Gross profit divided by Net sales.
Selling, general and administrative expenses (operating expenses). Our operating expenses are primarily comprised of Selling, general and administrative costs, which include compensation expenses (salaries, wages, employee benefits, payroll taxes, stock-based compensation, and bonuses), rent and facility related expenses, fleet and delivery related expenses including fuel costs, information technology, marketing, insurance, and repairs and maintenance expenses, as well as credit card processing and professional fees. Operating expenses also include depreciation and amortization.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA. In addition to the metrics discussed above, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful for evaluating the operating performance and efficiency of our business. EBITDA represents consolidated Net income (loss) plus the sum of income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, net of interest income, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA as further adjusted for items such as stock-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on sale of assets and termination of finance leases not in the ordinary course of business, financing fees, as well as other fees and expenses related to acquisitions, and other non-recurring (income) loss. Adjusted EBITDA includes Adjusted EBITDA attributable to non-controlling interest. Refer to “Results of Operations – Quarterly Results of Operations Data” for more information regarding how we calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and the limitations of those metrics.
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Key Factors Affecting Our Operating Results
In addition to the metrics described above, a number of other important factors may affect our results of operations in any given period.
Weather Conditions and Seasonality
In a typical year, our operating results are impacted by seasonality. Our Net sales and Net income have been higher in the second and third quarters of each fiscal year due to favorable weather and longer daylight conditions during these quarters. Our Net sales have been significantly lower in the first and fourth quarters due to lower landscaping, irrigation, and turf maintenance activities in these quarters, and historically, we have incurred net losses in these quarters. Seasonal variations in operating results may also be significantly impacted by inclement weather conditions, such as snow and ice storms, wet weather, and hurricanes, which not only impact the demand for certain products like fertilizer and ice melt but also may delay construction projects where our products are used.
Industry and Key Economic Conditions
Our business depends on demand from customers for landscape products and services. The landscape supply industry includes a significant amount of landscape products, such as irrigation systems, outdoor lighting, lawn care supplies, nursery goods, and landscape accessories, for use in the construction of newly built homes, commercial buildings and facilities, and recreational spaces. The landscape supply industry has historically grown in line with rates of growth in residential housing and commercial building. The industry is also affected by trends in home prices, mortgage interest rates, home sales, and consumer spending. As general economic conditions improve or deteriorate, consumption of these products and services also tends to fluctuate. The landscape supply industry also includes a significant number of agronomic products such as fertilizer, herbicides, and ice melt for use in maintaining existing landscapes or facilities. The use of these products is also tied to general economic activity, but levels of sales are not as closely correlated to construction markets.
Popular Consumer Trends
Preferences in housing, lifestyle, and environmental awareness can also have an impact on the overall level of demand and mix for the products we offer. Examples of current trends we believe are important to our business include an ongoing interest in professional landscape services inspired by the popularity of home and garden television shows, magazines, and social media, the increasingly popular “outdoor living” trend, which has been a key driver of sales growth for our hardscapes and outdoor lighting products, and the social focus on eco-friendly products that promote water conservation, energy efficiency, and the adoption of “green” standards.
Acquisitions
In addition to our organic growth, we continue to grow our business through acquisitions in an effort to better service our existing customers and to attract new customers. These acquisitions have allowed us to further broaden our product lines and extend our geographic reach and leadership positions in local markets. In accordance with GAAP, the results of the acquisitions are reflected in our financial statements from the date of acquisition forward. Additionally, we incur transaction costs in connection with identifying and completing acquisitions as well as ongoing costs as we integrate acquired businesses and seek to achieve synergies. As of
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December 29, 2024, we have invested $334.3 million in 18 acquisitions since the start of the 2023 Fiscal Year. The following is a summary of the acquisitions completed during the 2024 Fiscal Year and the 2023 Fiscal Year:
•In December 2024, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Custom Stone. With six locations across Texas, Custom Stone is a wholesale distributor of hardscape products to landscape professionals.
•In December 2024, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of OakStreet Wholesale Nursery, LLC (“OakStreet”). With one location in Fairview, Texas, OakStreet is a wholesale distributor of nursery products to landscape professionals.
•In July 2024, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Millican Nurseries, LLC (“Millican Nurseries”). With one location in Chichester, New Hampshire, Millican Nurseries is a wholesale distributor of nursery products to landscape professionals.
•In June 2024, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Cohen & Cohen Natural Stone Inc. (“Cohen & Cohen”). With one location in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Cohen & Cohen is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In May 2024, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of AC Florida Pavers, LLC, doing business as Hardscape.com (“Hardscape.com”). With four locations in Boca Raton, Ft. Myers, Tampa, and Jupiter, Florida, Hardscape.com is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In April 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase and Redemption Agreement, pursuant to which we acquired a 75% ownership interest in Devil Mountain Wholesale Nursery, LLC (“Devil Mountain”). We also entered into an amended operating agreement, the Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement, in connection with the acquisition of our controlling interest that contains put and call options whereby the remaining 25% ownership interest in Devil Mountain may be sold to us through the exercise of the holders’ put option or purchased by us through the exercise of our call option. With eight wholesale nursery distribution branches and six growing facilities across California, Devil Mountain is a wholesale distributor of landscape trees and plants to landscape professionals.
•In April 2024, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Eggemeyer Land Clearing, LLC (“Eggemeyer”). With one location in New Braunfels, Texas, Eggemeyer is a wholesale distributor of bulk landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In December 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Newsom Seed, Inc. (“Newsom Seed”). With two locations in Fulton, Maryland, Newsom Seed is a wholesale distributor of seed and agronomic products to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of JMJ Organics LTD (“JMJ Organics”). With five locations in Houston, Texas, JMJ Organics is a wholesale distributor of landscape supplies, nursery products, and hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Regal Chemical Company and Monarch Scientific, LLC (collectively, “Regal”). With one location in Alpharetta, Georgia, Regal is a wholesale distributor of agronomic products to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, we acquired all of the outstanding stock of Pioneer Landscape Centers, Inc. and JLL Pioneer LLC (collectively, “Pioneer”). With 18 locations in Colorado and 16 locations in Arizona, Pioneer is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and landscape supply products, including decorative rock, pavers, bulk materials, artificial turf, and supporting products to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Timothy’s Center for Gardening, LLC (“Timothy’s”). With one location in Robbinsville, New Jersey, Timothy’s is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes, nursery products, and bulk materials to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of New England Silica, Inc. (“New England Silica”). With one location in South Windsor, Connecticut, New England Silica is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In July 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Hickory Hill Farm & Garden, LLC (“Hickory Hill”). With one location in Eatonton, Georgia, Hickory Hill is a wholesale distributor of irrigation, nursery, and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In May 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Link Inc., doing business as Link Outdoor Lighting Distributors (“Link”). With four locations in Altamonte Springs and Naples, Florida, Nashville, Tennessee, and Houston, Texas, Link is a wholesale distributor of landscape lighting products to landscape professionals.
•In May 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Adams Wholesale Supply, Inc. (“Adams Wholesale Supply”). With three locations in the San Antonio, Houston, and Dallas, Texas markets, Adams Wholesale Supply is a wholesale distributor of landscape supplies and agronomic products to landscape professionals.
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•In March 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Triangle Landscape Supplies, Inc., Triangle Landscape Supplies of J.C., LLC, and Triangle Landscape Supplies of Apex, Inc. (collectively, “Triangle”). With four locations in the Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina market, Triangle is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In March 2023, we acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of J&J Materials Corp. (“J&J Materials”). With five locations in Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts, J&J Materials is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
We expect the execution of synergistic acquisitions to continue to be an integral part of our growth strategy, and we intend to continue expanding our product line, geographic reach, market share, and operational capabilities through future acquisitions.
Volume-Based Pricing
We generally procure our products through purchase orders rather than under long-term contracts with firm commitments. We work to develop strong relationships with select suppliers that we target based on a number of factors, including brand and market recognition, price, quality, product support, service levels, delivery terms, and strategic positioning. We typically have annual supplier agreements, and while they generally do not provide specific product pricing, many include volume-based financial incentives that we earn by meeting or exceeding purchase volume targets. Our ability to earn these volume-based incentives is an important factor in our financial results. In certain cases, we enter into supply contracts with terms that exceed one year for the manufacture of our LESCO® branded fertilizer, some nursery goods, grass seed, and hardscapes, which may require us to purchase products in the future.
Strategic Initiatives
We continue to undertake initiatives, utilizing our scale to improve our profitability, enhance supply chain efficiency, strengthen our pricing and category management capabilities, streamline and refine our marketing process, and invest in more sophisticated information technology systems and data analytics. We remain focused on our procurement and supply chain management initiatives to better serve our customers and reduce sourcing costs. We continue to implement new inventory planning, stocking, and transportation management system functionalities in an effort to reduce costs as well as improve our reliability and level of service. In addition, we continue to enhance our website and B2B e-Commerce platform. We also work closely with our local branches to improve sales, delivery, and branch productivity. We believe we will continue to benefit from the following initiatives, among others:
•Category management initiatives, including the implementation of organic growth strategies, assortment planning, private label expansion, line of business training, and supplier management.
•Supply chain initiatives, including the implementation of new inventory planning and stocking system functionalities, the continued expansion of our distribution network footprint and capabilities, local hubs in large markets, inbound freight optimization, and local fleet utilization and cost improvements.
•Sales force initiatives, including optimizing our commercial sales strategies, leads, and opportunities, while improving the skills and performance of the team.
•Marketing initiatives, including customer analytics and lifecycle marketing, product marketing, Hispanic customer engagement, optimization of our digital marketing strategy, and a continued focus on our Partners Program.
•Digital initiatives, including increasing customer demand as well as adoption of our website, mobile application, and overall B2B e-Commerce platform, SiteOne.com, which provides the convenience of an online sales channel, enhanced account management functionality, and industry specific productivity tools for our customers.
•Operational excellence initiatives, including the implementation of best practices in branch operations which encompasses safety, merchandising, stocking and assortment, customer engagement, delivery, labor management, as well as the additional automation and enhancement of branch systems, including the rollout of improved associate mobile capabilities.
Working Capital
Our business is characterized by a relatively high level of reported working capital, the effects of which can be compounded by changes in prices. In addition to affecting our Net sales, fluctuations in prices of supplies tend to result in changes in our reported inventories, trade receivables, and trade payables, even when our sales volumes and our rate of turnover of these working capital items remain relatively constant. Our working capital needs are exposed to these price fluctuations, as well as to fluctuations in our cost for transportation and distribution. We may not always be able to reflect these changes in our pricing. The strategic initiatives described above are designed to reduce our exposure to these fluctuations and maintain and improve our efficiency.
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Results of Operations
In the following discussion of our results of operations, we make comparisons between the 2024 Fiscal Year and the 2023 Fiscal Year (in millions, except percentages).
| Consolidated Statements of Operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 4,540.6 | 100.0 | % | $ | 4,301.2 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 2,980.5 | 65.6 | % | 2,810.0 | 65.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,560.1 | 34.4 | % | 1,491.2 | 34.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,385.1 | 30.5 | % | 1,256.6 | 29.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 17.3 | 0.4 | % | 15.7 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 192.3 | 4.2 | % | 250.3 | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other non-operating expenses, net | 31.9 | 0.7 | % | 27.1 | 0.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 36.0 | 0.8 | % | 49.8 | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 124.4 | 2.7 | % | 173.4 | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 0.8 | — | % | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | $ | 123.6 | 2.7 | % | $ | 173.4 | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Comparison of the 2024 Fiscal Year to the 2023 Fiscal Year
Net sales
Net sales for the 2024 Fiscal Year increased 6% to $4,540.6 million as compared to $4,301.2 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year primarily due to contributions from acquisitions. Organic Daily Sales for the 2024 Fiscal Year decreased 1% compared to the 2023 Fiscal Year primarily due to commodity price deflation. Based upon year-over-year price changes in our highest selling SKUs, we estimate price deflation reduced Organic Daily Sales by 3% in the 2024 Fiscal Year. Organic Daily Sales for agronomic products (fertilizer, control products, ice melt, equipment, and other products) increased 4% primarily due to strong volume growth resulting from lower prices and solid end market demand. Organic Daily Sales for landscaping products (irrigation supplies, hardscapes, landscape accessories, nursery goods, and outdoor lighting) decreased 3% reflecting price deflation and weaker demand in the repair and remodel end market. Acquisitions contributed $286.0 million, or 7%, to Net sales growth for the 2024 Fiscal Year.
Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold for the 2024 Fiscal Year increased 6% to $2,980.5 million from $2,810.0 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The increase in Cost of goods sold, including Inventory costs, net of supplier incentives and discounts, Freight, handling, and distribution expenses, and Other Cost of goods sold was primarily attributable to acquisitions.
A summary of significant segment expenses within Cost of goods sold is as follows (in millions):
| January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory costs, net of supplier incentives and discounts | $ | 2,750.6 | $ | 2,617.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| Freight, handling, and distribution expenses | 151.3 | 136.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Cost of goods sold | 78.6 | 56.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | $ | 2,980.5 | $ | 2,810.0 | ||||||||||||||||
Refer to “Note 12. Segment Information” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding significant segment expenses.
Gross profit and gross margin
Gross profit for the 2024 Fiscal Year increased 5% to $1,560.1 million as compared to $1,491.2 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. Gross profit growth was driven by Net sales growth, including acquisitions. Gross margin decreased 30 basis points to 34.4% for the 2024 Fiscal Year as compared to 34.7% for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The decrease in gross margin primarily reflects lower price realization, partially offset by contributions from acquisitions with higher gross margins.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A for the 2024 Fiscal Year increased 10% to $1,385.1 million from $1,256.6 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. SG&A as a percentage of Net sales increased 130 basis points to 30.5% for the 2024 Fiscal Year compared to 29.2% for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The increase in SG&A, including Compensation, Facility, Depreciation and amortization, Delivery, and Other Selling, general, and administrative expenses was primarily due to the impact of acquisitions with higher operating costs. Facility expenses also increased as a result of the consolidations and closures of certain branches and other locations in the fourth quarter of 2024.
A summary of significant segment expenses within SG&A is as follows (in millions):
| January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation expenses | $ | 776.1 | $ | 703.8 | ||||||||||||||||
| Facility expenses | 245.1 | 213.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expenses | 131.9 | 124.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Delivery expenses | 77.0 | 58.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Selling, general and administrative expenses | 155.0 | 155.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 1,385.1 | $ | 1,256.6 | ||||||||||||||||
Refer to “Note 12. Segment Information” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding significant segment expenses.
Interest and other non-operating expense, net
Interest and other non-operating expense, net increased 18% to $31.9 million for the 2024 Fiscal Year from $27.1 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to higher average borrowings and the Loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.8 million recognized during the 2024 Fiscal Year as compared to the 2023 Fiscal Year.
Income tax expense
Income tax expense was $36.0 million for the 2024 Fiscal Year as compared to $49.8 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The effective tax rate was 22.4% for the 2024 Fiscal Year as compared to 22.3% for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The increase in the effective tax rate was due primarily to a decrease in the amount of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation recognized as a component of Income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Excess tax benefits of $3.3 million were recognized for the 2024 Fiscal Year as compared to $5.9 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year.
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest was $0.8 million for the 2024 Fiscal Year as a result of the acquisition of Devil Mountain in April 2024. There was no Net income attributable to non-controlling interest for the 2023 Fiscal Year.
Net income attributable to SiteOne
Net income attributable to SiteOne for the 2024 Fiscal Year decreased 29% to $123.6 million as compared to $173.4 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The decrease in Net income was primarily due to the negative impact of commodity product deflation and lower price realization.
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Quarterly Results of Operations Data
The following table sets forth certain financial data for each of the most recent eight fiscal quarters including our unaudited Net sales, Cost of goods sold, Gross profit, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Net income (loss), and Adjusted EBITDA data (including a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net income (loss)). We have prepared the quarterly data on a basis that is consistent with the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the financial information reflects all necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of this data. This information is not a complete set of financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year or any future period.
| (In millions except per share information and percentages, unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 Fiscal Year | 2023 Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Qtr 4 | Qtr 3 | Qtr 2 | Qtr 1 | Year | Qtr 4 | Qtr 3 | Qtr 2 | Qtr 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 4,540.6 | $ | 1,013.1 | $ | 1,208.8 | $ | 1,413.9 | $ | 904.8 | $ | 4,301.2 | $ | 965.0 | $ | 1,145.1 | $ | 1,353.7 | $ | 837.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 2,980.5 | 675.5 | 797.8 | 903.6 | 603.6 | 2,810.0 | 638.4 | 757.0 | 864.3 | 550.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,560.1 | 337.6 | 411.0 | 510.3 | 301.2 | 1,491.2 | 326.6 | 388.1 | 489.4 | 287.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,385.1 | 364.5 | 349.1 | 343.8 | 327.7 | 1,256.6 | 332.8 | 311.8 | 320.6 | 291.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (17.3) | (2.0) | (8.0) | (3.1) | (4.2) | (15.7) | (4.3) | (4.9) | (2.5) | (4.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 192.3 | (24.9) | 69.9 | 169.6 | (22.3) | 250.3 | (1.9) | 81.2 | 171.3 | (0.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other non-operating expenses, net | 31.9 | 6.7 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 27.1 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 36.0 | (10.1) | 15.8 | 40.0 | (9.7) | 49.8 | (5.0) | 17.5 | 40.0 | (2.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 124.4 | $ | (21.5) | $ | 44.6 | $ | 120.6 | $ | (19.3) | $ | 173.4 | $ | (3.4) | $ | 57.3 | $ | 124.0 | $ | (4.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to SiteOne | $ | 123.6 | $ | (21.7) | $ | 44.4 | $ | 120.2 | $ | (19.3) | $ | 173.4 | $ | (3.4) | $ | 57.3 | $ | 124.0 | $ | (4.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 2.73 | $ | (0.48) | $ | 0.98 | $ | 2.66 | $ | (0.43) | $ | 3.84 | $ | (0.08) | $ | 1.27 | $ | 2.75 | $ | (0.10) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 2.71 | $ | (0.48) | $ | 0.97 | $ | 2.63 | $ | (0.43) | $ | 3.80 | $ | (0.08) | $ | 1.25 | $ | 2.71 | $ | (0.10) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(a) | $ | 378.2 | $ | 31.8 | $ | 114.8 | $ | 210.5 | $ | 21.1 | $ | 410.7 | $ | 39.9 | $ | 119.8 | $ | 211.2 | $ | 39.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales as a percentage of annual Net sales | 100.0 | % | 22.3 | % | 26.6 | % | 31.2 | % | 19.9 | % | 100.0 | % | 22.4 | % | 26.6 | % | 31.5 | % | 19.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit as a percentage of annual Gross profit | 100.0 | % | 21.7 | % | 26.3 | % | 32.7 | % | 19.3 | % | 100.0 | % | 21.9 | % | 26.0 | % | 32.8 | % | 19.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of annual Adjusted EBITDA | 100.0 | % | 8.4 | % | 30.3 | % | 55.7 | % | 5.6 | % | 100.0 | % | 9.7 | % | 29.2 | % | 51.4 | % | 9.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(a) In addition to our Net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP, we present Adjusted EBITDA in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to evaluate the operating performance and efficiency of our business. EBITDA represents Net income (loss) plus the sum of Income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, net of interest income, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is further adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on sale of assets and termination of finance leases not in the ordinary course of business, financing fees, as well as other fees and expenses related to acquisitions, and other non-recurring (income) loss. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an important supplemental measure of operating performance because:
•Adjusted EBITDA is used to test compliance with certain covenants under our long-term debt agreements;
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•Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies, many of which present an Adjusted EBITDA measure when reporting their results;
•Adjusted EBITDA is helpful in highlighting operating trends because it excludes the results of decisions that are outside the control of operating management and that can differ significantly from company to company depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate, age and book depreciation of facilities, and capital investments;
•we consider (gains) losses on the acquisition, disposal, and impairment of assets as resulting from investing decisions rather than ongoing operations; and
•other significant non-recurring items, while periodically affecting our results, may vary significantly from period to period and have a disproportionate effect in a given period, which affects comparability of our results.
Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of our liquidity or financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to Net income, Operating income, or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. The use of Adjusted EBITDA instead of Net income has limitations as an analytical tool. For example, this measure:
•does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
•does not reflect our interest expense, net, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;
•does not reflect our Income tax expense (benefit) or the cash requirements to pay our income taxes;
•does not reflect historical cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•does not reflect the recognition of the step-up basis in inventory from acquisitions (i.e., the adjustment to record inventory from historic cost to fair value at acquisition) as the adjustment does not reflect the ongoing expense associated with sale of our products as part of our underlying business; and
•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.
Management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on the GAAP results and by using Adjusted EBITDA only as a supplement to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net income (loss) (in millions, unaudited):
| 2024 Fiscal Year | 2023 Fiscal Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Qtr 4 | Qtr 3 | Qtr 2 | Qtr 1 | Year | Qtr 4 | Qtr 3 | Qtr 2 | Qtr 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported Net income (loss) | $ | 124.4 | $ | (21.5) | $ | 44.6 | $ | 120.6 | $ | (19.3) | $ | 173.4 | $ | (3.4) | $ | 57.3 | $ | 124.0 | $ | (4.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 36.0 | (10.1) | 15.8 | 40.0 | (9.7) | 49.8 | (5.0) | 17.5 | 40.0 | (2.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 31.9 | 6.7 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 27.1 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation & amortization | 139.0 | 35.6 | 35.9 | 34.6 | 32.9 | 127.7 | 34.6 | 31.3 | 31.0 | 30.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 331.3 | 10.7 | 105.8 | 204.2 | 10.6 | 378.0 | 32.7 | 112.5 | 202.3 | 30.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation(a) | 25.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 10.5 | 25.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 8.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Gain) loss on sale of assets(b) | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.3 | (0.3) | (1.0) | (0.5) | (0.1) | (0.2) | 0.2 | (0.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financing fees(c) | 0.5 | — | 0.5 | — | — | 0.5 | — | 0.4 | 0.1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions and other adjustments(d) | 20.9 | 14.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(e) | $ | 378.2 | $ | 31.8 | $ | 114.8 | $ | 210.5 | $ | 21.1 | $ | 410.7 | $ | 39.9 | $ | 119.8 | $ | 211.2 | $ | 39.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(a) Represents stock-based compensation expense recorded during the period.
(b) Represents any gain or loss associated with the sale of assets and termination of finance leases not in the ordinary course of business.
(c) Represents fees associated with our debt refinancing and debt amendments.
(d) Represents professional fees and settlement of litigation, performance bonuses, and retention and severance payments related to historical acquisitions. Also included is the cost of inventory that was stepped up to fair value during the second quarter of 2024 related to the purchase accounting of Devil Mountain and charges during the fourth quarter of 2024 for consolidating or closing certain Pioneer locations. We cannot predict the timing or amount of any such fees or payments. These amounts are recorded in Cost of goods sold and Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(e) Adjusted EBITDA excludes any earnings or loss of acquisitions prior to their respective acquisition dates for all periods presented. Adjusted EBITDA includes Adjusted EBITDA attributable to non-controlling interest of $2.5 million for the 2024 Fiscal Year, and $0.8 million, $0.8 million, and $0.9 million for the fourth, third, and second quarter of 2024, respectively.
The following table presents a reconciliation of Organic Daily Sales to Net sales (in millions, except Selling Days; unaudited):
| 2024 Fiscal Year | 2023 Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Qtr 4 | Qtr 3 | Qtr 2 | Qtr 1 | Year | Qtr 4 | Qtr 3 | Qtr 2 | Qtr 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported Net sales | $ | 4,540.6 | $ | 1,013.1 | $ | 1,208.8 | $ | 1,413.9 | $ | 904.8 | $ | 4,301.2 | $ | 965.0 | $ | 1,145.1 | $ | 1,353.7 | $ | 837.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic sales(a) | 4,134.1 | 912.3 | 1,089.6 | 1,291.5 | 840.7 | 4,180.7 | 907.2 | 1,103.2 | 1,334.5 | 835.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition contribution(b) | 406.5 | 100.8 | 119.2 | 122.4 | 64.1 | 120.5 | 57.8 | 41.9 | 19.2 | 1.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling Days | 252 | 61 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 252 | 61 | 63 | 64 | 64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Organic Daily Sales | $ | 16.4 | $ | 15.0 | $ | 17.3 | $ | 20.2 | $ | 13.1 | $ | 16.6 | $ | 14.9 | $ | 17.5 | $ | 20.9 | $ | 13.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(a) Organic sales equal Net sales less Net sales from branches acquired in 2024 and 2023.
(b) Represents Net sales from acquired branches that have not been under our ownership for at least four full fiscal quarters at the start of the 2024 Fiscal Year. Includes Net sales from branches acquired in 2024 and 2023.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We assess our liquidity in terms of our cash and cash equivalents on hand and the ability to generate cash to fund our operating and investing activities, repurchase shares, and service our debt, taking into consideration available borrowings and the seasonal nature of our business. We expect that cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash provided from operations, and available capacity under the ABL Facility will provide sufficient funds to operate our business, make capital expenditures, complete acquisitions and share repurchases, and meet all of our liquidity requirements for the next 12 months, including payment of interest and principal on our debt. Longer-term projects or significant investments in acquisitions may be financed through borrowings under our credit facilities or other forms of financing and will depend on then-existing conditions.
In October 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization for up to $400.0 million of our common stock. We intend to purchase shares under the repurchase authorization from time to time on the open market at the discretion of management, subject to strategic considerations, market conditions, and other factors. The share repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and may be amended, suspended, or terminated by our Board of Directors at any time. During the 2024 Fiscal Year, we repurchased 366,443 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $140.97. As of December 29, 2024, the dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the share repurchase authorization was $312.0 million.
Our borrowing base capacity under the ABL Facility was $581.2 million as of December 29, 2024, after giving effect to outstanding letters of credit of $18.8 million. Our borrowing base capacity under the ABL Facility was $578.2 million as of December 31, 2023, after giving effect to $7.5 million of revolving credit loans under the ABL Facility and outstanding letters of credit of $14.3 million. As of December 29, 2024, we had total cash and cash equivalents of $107.1 million, total gross long-term debt of $393.3 million, and total finance lease obligations (excluding interest) of $130.6 million.
Working capital was $908.8 million as of December 29, 2024, an increase of $81.8 million as compared to $827.0 million as of December 31, 2023. The change in working capital was primarily attributable to an increase in cash and cash equivalents and higher receivables and inventory as a result of acquisitions.
Capital expenditures of $40.5 million for the 2024 Fiscal Year were 0.9% of Net sales for the year. Capital expenditures have averaged $33.2 million annually from the 2022 Fiscal Year to the 2024 Fiscal Year representing an average of 0.8% of Net sales over this time period. We expect capital expenditures to be in a range of 0.8% to 1.4% as a percentage of Net sales for the 2025 Fiscal Year.
The following table summarizes current and long-term material cash requirements for our aggregate contractual obligations and other commercial commitments as of December 29, 2024 (in millions):
| Total | Next 12 Months | Beyond 12 Months | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, including current maturities | $ | 393.3 | $ | 4.3 | $ | 389.0 | |||||||||||
| Interest on long-term debt | $ | 131.2 | $ | 23.5 | $ | 107.7 | |||||||||||
| Finance leases, including interest | $ | 150.5 | $ | 37.0 | $ | 113.5 | |||||||||||
| Operating leases, including interest | $ | 516.1 | $ | 102.3 | $ | 413.8 | |||||||||||
| Purchase obligations | $ | 140.5 | $ | 84.3 | $ | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Our gross long-term debt balance increased $14.3 million since December 31, 2023 to $393.3 million. This increase was primarily attributable to borrowings under the term loans, partially offset by repayment of the ABL Facility. We have current maturities on our long-term debt of $4.3 million, which includes $3.9 million related to the term loan facility and $0.4 million related to the hybrid debt instruments. The projected interest payments on our debt only pertain to obligations and agreements outstanding as of December 29, 2024 and expected payments for agent administration fees. The projected interest payments are calculated for future periods through maturity dates of our long-term debt using interest rates in effect as of December 29, 2024. Certain of these projected interest payments may differ in the future based on changes in floating interest rates or other factors and events, including our entry into amendments of the term loan facility and the ABL Facility. The total amount of projected interest payments on long-term debt increased $18.8 million since December 31, 2023 to $131.2 million, primarily due to the extension of the maturity date of the term loan facility as well as the increase in borrowings under the term loans. Refer to “Note 8. Long-Term Debt” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our debt instruments.
Our finance leases consist primarily of leases for our vehicle fleet. Our operating leases consist primarily of leases for equipment and real estate, which includes office space, branch locations, and distribution centers. The table above provides our expected payments of finance lease obligations including interest and the undiscounted rental payment obligations under operating lease agreements for the amounts due in the next 12 months and beyond 12 months. Refer to “Note 6. Leases” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our lease arrangements.
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Our purchase obligations include various commitments with vendors to purchase goods and services, primarily inventory. The largest purchase obligations include contracts with various farmers that run through the 2027 Fiscal Year and obligate us to make payments for grass seeds for approximately $52.9 million, which includes expected payments of $37.6 million for the 2025 Fiscal Year. There are also other supplier and service arrangements with vendors totaling $87.6 million, of which $46.7 million of payments are expected to be made in the 2025 Fiscal Year. These purchase obligations are generally cancelable, but we have no intent to cancel and incur a penalty for not meeting the minimum required purchases. We have excluded purchase orders and agreements made in the ordinary course of business that are cancelable without penalty. Any amounts for which we are liable under purchase orders for goods received are reflected in Accounts payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are excluded from the table above. Refer to “Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our purchase commitments.
Cash Flow Summary
Information about our cash flows, by category, is presented in our statements of cash flows and is summarized below (in millions):
| For the year | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 283.4 | $ | 297.5 | ||||||||||
| Investing activities | $ | (177.1) | $ | (226.0) | ||||||||||
| Financing activities | $ | (80.9) | $ | (18.3) | ||||||||||
Cash flow provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the 2024 Fiscal Year was $283.4 million compared to $297.5 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The decrease primarily reflects a decline in Net income, partially offset by contributions from working capital management in the 2024 Fiscal Year compared to the 2023 Fiscal Year.
Cash flow used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the 2024 Fiscal Year was $177.1 million compared to $226.0 million for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The decrease reflects lower acquisition investments in the 2024 Fiscal Year compared to the 2023 Fiscal Year. Capital expenditures of $40.5 million were $8.4 million higher in the 2024 Fiscal Year compared to $32.1 million in the 2023 Fiscal Year due to increased investment in branch improvements and information technology.
Cash flow used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $80.9 million for the 2024 Fiscal Year compared to $18.3 million in the 2023 Fiscal Year. The increase primarily reflects lower net borrowings to fund our acquisition investments and an increase in share repurchases during the 2024 Fiscal Year compared to the 2023 Fiscal Year.
External Financing
Term Loans
Landscape Holding and Landscape, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into the Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the (“Fifth Amendment”), dated as of March 23, 2021, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “New Agent”), as administrative agent and collateral agent, the several banks and other financial institutions party thereto and certain other parties party thereto from time to time. The Fifth Amendment amended and restated the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2016, among the Borrowers, the lenders from time to time party thereto and UBS AG, Stamford Branch (the “Existing Agent”) as administrative agent and collateral agent (as amended prior to March 23, 2021, the “Existing Credit Agreement” and, as so amended and restated pursuant to the Fifth Amendment, the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) in order to, among other things, incur $325.0 million of term loans (the “New Term Loans”).
On March 27, 2023, Landscape Holding, as representative for the Borrowers, entered into the First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Sixth Amendment”) to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on SOFR in lieu of LIBOR.
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On July 12, 2023, Landscape Holding, as representative for the Borrowers, entered into the Increase Supplement (the “Increase Supplement”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to provide for an additional $120.0 million of New Term Loans.
On July 2, 2024, Landscape Holding, as representative for the Borrowers, entered into the Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) that amends and restates the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2021. The Second Amendment provides for, among other things, an aggregate principal amount of approximately $392.7 million in term loans (the “Tranche B Term Loans”). The Tranche B Term Loans mature on March 22, 2030.
Subject to certain conditions, without the consent of the then existing lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), the Tranche B Term Loans may be increased (or a new term loan facility, revolving credit facility, or letter of credit facility added) by up to (i) the greater of (a) $392.0 million and (b) 100% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Second Amendment) for the trailing 12-month period plus (ii) an additional amount that will not cause the net secured leverage ratio after giving effect to the incurrence of such additional amount and any use of proceeds thereof to exceed 4.00 to 1.00.
The Tranche B Term Loans are subject to mandatory prepayment provisions, covenants, and events of default. Failure to comply with these covenants and other provisions could result in an event of default under the Second Amendment. If an event of default occurs, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the Tranche B Term Loans to be immediately due and payable and enforce their interest in collateral pledged under the agreement.
Amendments of Term Loans
On July 2, 2024, Landscape Holding and Landscape entered into the Second Amendment that amends and restates the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2021. The Second Amendment provides for, among other things, an aggregate principal amount of approximately $392.7 million in Tranche B Term Loans, and makes certain other changes to the existing credit agreement. Proceeds of the Tranche B Term Loans were used, among other things, (i) to repay in full the term loans outstanding immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Second Amendment, (ii) to repay certain loans outstanding under the ABL Facility, and (iii) to pay fees, costs, and expenses related to the foregoing transactions. The Tranche B Term Loans bear interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75% (with a Term SOFR floor of 0.50%) or (ii) an alternative base rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.75%. Voluntary prepayments of the Tranche B Term Loans are permitted at any time, in minimum principal amounts, without premium or penalty, unless in connection with certain repricing transactions that occur within the first six months after the date of effectiveness of the Second Amendment. The Tranche B Term Loans will mature on March 22, 2030. The interest rate on the outstanding balance of the Tranche B Term Loans was 6.27397% as of December 29, 2024.
On July 12, 2023, Landscape Holding, as representative for the Borrowers, entered into the Increase Supplement, which provided for an additional $120.0 million of New Term Loans and made such other changes to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as agreed between Landscape Holding and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Proceeds of the term loans borrowed pursuant to the Increase Supplement were used, among other things, to (i) repay certain loans outstanding under the ABL Facility and (ii) pay fees and expenses related to the Increase Supplement.
On March 27, 2023, Landscape Holding entered into the Sixth Amendment, which amended the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on SOFR in lieu of LIBOR. The New Term Loans bore interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin equal to 2.00% (with a Term SOFR floor of 0.50% on initial term loans and 0.00% on all other term loans) or (ii) an alternative base rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.00%.
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The Second Amendment contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants limit the ability of Landscape Holding and Landscape to:
•incur additional indebtedness;
•pay dividends, redeem stock, or make other distributions;
•repurchase, prepay, or redeem subordinated indebtedness;
•make investments;
•create restrictions on the ability of Landscape Holding’s restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other intercompany transfers;
•create liens;
•transfer or sell assets;
•make negative pledges;
•consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of Landscape Holding’s assets;
•change lines of business; and
•enter into certain transactions with affiliates.
ABL Facility
Landscape Holding and Landscape (collectively, the “ABL Borrowers”) are parties to the credit agreement dated December 23, 2013 (as amended by the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated June 13, 2014, the Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated January 26, 2015, the Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated February 13, 2015, the Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated October 20, 2015, the Omnibus Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated May 24, 2017, the Sixth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated February 1, 2019, and the Seventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated July 22, 2022, the “ABL Credit Agreement”) providing for an asset-based credit facility (the “ABL Facility”) of up to $600.0 million, subject to borrowing base availability, with a maturity date of July 22, 2027. The ABL Facility is secured by a first lien on the inventory and receivables of the ABL Borrowers. The ABL Facility is guaranteed by SiteOne Landscape Supply Bidco, Inc. (“Bidco”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and each direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. restricted subsidiary of Landscape. Availability is determined using borrowing base calculations of eligible inventory and receivable balances less the current outstanding ABL Facility and letters of credit balances.
On July 22, 2022, the ABL Borrowers, entered into the Seventh Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement (the “Seventh Amendment”). The Seventh Amendment amended and restated the ABL Credit Agreement in order to, among other things, (i) increase the aggregate principal amount of the commitments to $600.0 million, (ii) extend the final scheduled maturity of the revolving credit facility to July 22, 2027, (iii) establish an alternate rate of interest to the LIBOR rate, (iv) replace the administrative and collateral agent, and (v) make such other changes as agreed among the ABL Borrowers and the lenders. Proceeds of the initial borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement on the closing date of the Seventh Amendment were used, among other things, (i) to repay in full the loans outstanding under the ABL Credit Agreement immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Seventh Amendment, (ii) to pay fees and expenses related to the Seventh Amendment and the ABL Credit Agreement, and (iii) for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Loans under the ABL Credit Agreement bear interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted term SOFR rate equal to term SOFR plus 0.10% (subject to a floor of 0.00%) plus an applicable margin of 1.25% or 1.50% or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.25% or 0.50%, in each case depending on the average daily excess availability under the ABL Credit Agreement, and in each case subject to a 0.125% reduction when the Consolidated First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) is less than 1.50:1.00. Additionally, undrawn commitments under the ABL Credit Agreement bear a commitment fee of 0.20% or 0.25%, depending on the average daily undrawn portion of the commitments under the ABL Credit Agreement.
There was no outstanding balance under the ABL Facility as of December 29, 2024. The interest rate on the outstanding balance under the ABL Facility was 6.69508% as of December 31, 2023. The commitment fees on unfunded amounts was 0.25% as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
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The ABL Facility is subject to mandatory prepayments if the outstanding loans and letters of credit exceed either the aggregate revolving commitments or the current borrowing base, in an amount equal to such excess. Additionally, the ABL Facility is subject to various covenants, including incurrence covenants that require the Company to meet minimum financial ratios, and additional borrowings and other corporate transactions may be limited by failure to meet these financial ratios. Failure to meet any of these covenants could result in an event of default under these agreements. If an event of default occurs, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under these agreements to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interest in collateral pledged under the agreement, or restrict the ABL Borrowers’ ability to obtain additional borrowings under these agreements. The ABL Facility is secured by a first lien security interest over inventory and receivables and a second lien security interest over all other assets pledged as collateral.
The ABL Facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants are limited to the following: financial condition, fundamental changes, dividends and distributions, acquisitions, dispositions of collateral, payments and modifications of restricted indebtedness, negative pledge clauses, changes in line of business, currency, commodity and other hedging transactions, transactions with affiliates, investments, indebtedness, and liens. The negative covenants are subject to customary exceptions and also permit the payment of dividends and distributions, investments, permitted acquisitions, payments or redemptions of indebtedness under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, asset sales and mergers, consolidations, and sales of all or substantially all assets involving subsidiaries upon satisfaction of a “payment condition.” The payment condition is deemed satisfied upon 30-day specified excess availability and specified availability exceeding agreed upon thresholds and, in certain cases, the absence of specified events of default or known events of default and pro forma compliance with a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00 to 1.00.
Subject to certain conditions and subject to the receipt of commitments, the ABL Facility may be increased (or a new term loan facility added) by up to (i) the greater of (a) $450.0 million and (b) 100% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) for the period of the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters ending prior to the date of such determination plus (ii) an additional amount that will not cause the Consolidated First Lien Leverage Ratio after giving effect to the incurrence of such additional amount and any use of proceeds thereof to exceed 5.00 to 1.00.
There are no financial covenants included in the ABL Credit Agreement, other than a springing minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00, which is tested only when specified availability is less than 10.0% of the lesser of (x) the then applicable borrowing base and (y) the then aggregate effective commitments under the ABL Facility, and continuing until such time as specified availability has been in excess of such threshold for a period of 20 consecutive calendar days.
Failure to comply with the covenants and other provisions included in the ABL Credit Agreement could result in an event of default under the ABL Facility. If an event of default occurs, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interest in collateral pledged under the agreement, or restrict the ABL Borrowers’ ability to obtain additional borrowings thereunder.
Subsidiary ABL Facility
In connection with our acquisition of a controlling interest in Devil Mountain, on April 30, 2024, Devil Mountain entered into the Eighth Amendment to the Credit Agreement and Consent providing for an asset-based credit facility (the “Devil Mountain ABL Facility”) of up to $20.0 million, subject to borrowing base availability.
Loans under the Devil Mountain ABL facility bear interest at either (i) an adjusted term SOFR rate equal to term SOFR plus an applicable margin of 1.90% or 2.10% or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.80% or 1.00%, subject to a 0.20% reduction when the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Devil Mountain ABL Facility) is greater than 2.00:1.00. Additionally, undrawn commitments under the Devil Mountain ABL Facility bear a commitment fee of 0.25% on the actual undrawn portion of the commitments under the Devil Mountain ABL Facility based upon the daily utilization for the previous quarter. The interest rate on the outstanding balance under the Devil Mountain ABL Facility was 6.65265% as of December 29, 2024.
Limitations on Distributions and Dividends by Subsidiaries
The ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions and dividends to us depends on their operating results, cash requirements, financial condition, and general business conditions, as well as restrictions under the laws of our subsidiaries’ jurisdictions.
The agreements governing the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the ABL Facility restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends, make loans, or otherwise transfer assets to us. Further, our subsidiaries are permitted under the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the ABL Facility and other indebtedness to incur additional indebtedness that may restrict or prohibit the making of distributions, the payment of dividends, or the making of loans to us.
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Interest Rate Swaps
We are subject to interest rate risk with regard to existing and future issuances of debt. We utilize interest rate swap contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in variable interest rates for future interest payments on existing debt. We are party to interest rate swap contracts to convert the variable interest rate to a fixed interest rate on portions of the borrowings under the term loans.
On March 31, 2023, we amended the terms of our interest rate swaps to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on SOFR in place of LIBOR. Since the interest rate swaps were affected by reference rate reform, we applied the expedients and exceptions provided in Topic 848 to preserve the past presentation of our derivatives without de-designating the existing hedging relationships. All interest rate swap amendments were executed with the existing counterparties and did not change the notional amounts, maturity dates, or other critical terms of the hedging relationships. The interest rate swaps continue to be net settled on a quarterly basis with the counterparties for the difference between the fixed rates and the variable rates based upon three-month Term SOFR (subject to a floor) as applied to the notional amounts of each interest rate swap.
During the first quarter of 2021, we amended and restructured certain of our interest rate swap contracts using a strategy referred to as a “blend and extend”. In a blend and extend arrangement, the liability position of the existing interest rate swap arrangement is blended into the amended or new interest rate swap arrangement and the term to maturity of the hedged position is extended. We reclassified $5.9 million from Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities to long-term debt with $1.5 million classified as Long-term debt, current portion and $4.4 million classified as Long-term debt, less current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for the interest rate swap arrangements executed during the first quarter of 2021 that were determined to be hybrid debt instruments. As of December 29, 2024, approximately $0.4 million was classified as Long-term debt, current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We recognize any differences between the variable interest rate payments and the fixed interest rate settlements from the swap counterparties as an adjustment to interest expense over the life of the swaps. We have designated these swaps as cash flow hedges and record the changes in the estimated fair value of the swaps to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur, the hedge relationship will be de-designated and the amounts accumulated in AOCI will be reclassified to Interest and other non-operating expenses, net in the current period. To the extent the interest rate swaps are determined to be ineffective, we recognize the changes in the estimated fair value of the swaps in earnings.
Failure of the swap counterparties to make payments would result in the loss of any potential benefit to us under the swap agreements. In this case, we would still be obligated to pay the variable interest payments underlying the debt agreements. Additionally, failure of the swap counterparties would not eliminate our obligation to continue to make payments under the existing swap agreements if they were in a net pay position.
For additional information, refer to “Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8. Long-Term Debt” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
In order to prepare our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates are based upon management’s current judgments, which are normally based on knowledge and experience with regard to past and current events and assumptions about future events. Certain estimates are particularly sensitive due to their significance to the financial statements and the possibility that future events may be significantly different from our expectations.
While there are a number of accounting policies and estimates affecting our financial statements, we have identified the following critical accounting estimates that require us to make the most subjective or complex judgments in order to fairly present our consolidated financial statements.
Inventory Valuation
Summary:
Product inventories represent our largest asset and are recorded at the lower of actual cost or estimated net realizable value. Our goal is to manage our inventory effectively so that we minimize out of stock positions. To do this, we maintain an adequate inventory of approximately 170,000 SKUs and manage inventory at each branch based on sales history. At the same time, we continuously strive to better manage our slower moving classes of inventory.
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During the year, we perform periodic cycle counts and write off excess or obsolete inventory as needed. Prior to year-end, we conduct a physical inventory at each branch and record any necessary additional write-offs to dispose of excess or obsolete products. Our inventories are generally not susceptible to technological obsolescence.
Judgments and Uncertainties:
Judgment is required to estimate the net realizable value of our inventory as it requires assumptions and projections to be made based on the historical recovery rates for our slower moving inventory. We monitor our inventory levels by branch and record provisions for excess inventories. The assumptions we make to record adjustments for excess or obsolete inventory are based on these historical recovery rates, such as recent history of usage of our products, expected future demand for our products, current market conditions, and other factors, including liquidation value.
Sensitivity of Estimates to Change:
Changes to the relevant assumptions and projections would impact our consolidated financial results in periods subsequent to recording these estimates. If we anticipate a change in assumptions such as future demand or market conditions to be less favorable than our previous estimates, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Conversely, if we are able to sell inventories that had been written down to a level below the ultimate realized selling price in a previous period, sales would be recorded with a lower or no offsetting charge to cost of sales. A 10% change to our current reserve for excess and obsolete inventory would not result in a material change to our consolidated financial statements; however, given the value of inventory on hand, a significant change in demand or market conditions could result in a material adjustment to our reserve in future periods. We have not recorded any material net adjustments or such changes to our inventory reserves during the 2024 Fiscal Year or the 2023 Fiscal Year.
Acquisitions
Summary:
From time to time, we enter into strategic acquisitions in an effort to better service existing customers and to attract new customers. When we acquire a controlling financial interest in an entity or group of assets that are determined to meet the definition of a business, we apply the acquisition method described in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations. In accordance with GAAP, the results of the acquisitions we have completed are reflected in our financial statements from the date of acquisition forward.
We allocate the purchase consideration paid to acquire the business to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The value of residual goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually for impairment as described below in “Goodwill”. If during the measurement period (a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date) we receive additional information that existed as of the acquisition date but at the time of the original allocation described above was unknown to us, we make the appropriate adjustments to the purchase price allocation in the reporting period the amounts are determined.
Judgments and Uncertainties:
Judgment is required to estimate the fair value of intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Accordingly, we typically engage third-party valuation specialists, who work under the direction of management, for the more significant acquired tangible and intangible assets. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is determined through established valuation techniques, such as the income, cost, or market approach, and estimates are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management but are inherently uncertain.
We use the multi-period excess earnings method to estimate the fair value of customer relationship intangible assets, which is based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets and includes the selection of discount rates. Estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect a consideration of other marketplace participants and include the amount and timing of future cash flows (including expected growth rates and profitability), a brand’s relative market position, and the appropriate discount rate applied to the cash flows. Changes in the underlying assumptions and estimates, including the selected discount rates, could have a material impact on the fair value of intangible assets. Further, unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances may occur, which could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions.
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Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. All of our acquired intangible assets (e.g., customer relationships, trademarks, and non-compete arrangements) are expected to have finite useful lives. Our assessment as to whether trademarks have an indefinite life or a finite life is based on a number of factors including competitive environment, market share, brand history, underlying product life cycles, operating plans, and the macroeconomic environment of the regions in which the brands are sold. Our estimates of the useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets are primarily based on these same factors. We consider the period of expected cash flows and the underlying data used to measure the fair value of the intangible assets when selecting a useful life. Customer relationship intangible assets are amortized on an accelerated method.
Sensitivity of Estimates to Change:
We completed seven acquisitions during the 2024 Fiscal Year for an aggregate purchase price of $138.0 million and the preliminary valuations of the assets acquired included customer relationship intangible assets of $34.0 million and trademarks and other intangible assets of $6.3 million. Key assumptions used in determining the fair values of customer relationships included future earnings projections, customer attrition rates, and discount rates, among others. Additionally, assumptions used to calculate the fair values of trademarks and other intangible assets included relief-from-royalty models and revenue projections, royalty rates, future earnings projections, discount rates, and probabilities of competition and successful competition, among others. Estimates associated with the accounting for acquisitions may change as additional information becomes available regarding the assets acquired. We believe the estimates applied to be based on reasonable assumptions, but which are inherently uncertain. As a result, actual results may differ from the assumptions and judgments used to determine the fair values of the assets acquired, which could result in impairment losses in the future. Changes in business conditions may also require future adjustments to the useful lives of the assets acquired. If we determine that the useful lives of the assets acquired are shorter than we had originally estimated, the rate of amortization would be accelerated over the assets’ new, shorter useful lives. Changes in key assumptions resulting in a 10% revision of the estimated fair values of the finite-lived intangible assets acquired during the 2024 Fiscal Year would impact amortization of acquisition intangible assets by approximately $4.0 million over a weighted-average amortization period of 17.7 years primarily on an accelerated basis. No material adjustment to the valuation of such assets, impairment loss, or accelerated amortization of intangible assets due to revised useful lives was recorded in the 2024 Fiscal Year or the 2023 Fiscal Year.
Goodwill
Summary:
Goodwill represents the acquired fair value of a business in excess of the fair values of tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We test goodwill on an annual basis as of July fiscal month end and additionally if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired.
The goodwill impairment test requires us to estimate and compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, the goodwill is not considered impaired. To the extent a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the reporting unit’s goodwill is deemed impaired, and an impairment charge is recognized based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value.
Judgments and Uncertainties:
Judgment is required to determine whether impairment indicators exist and to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. Estimating the fair value of reporting units using the discounted cash flow model requires us to make assumptions and projections of revenue growth rates, gross margins, SG&A, capital expenditures, working capital, depreciation, terminal values, and weighted average cost of capital, among other factors.
The assumptions used to estimate fair value consider historical trends, macroeconomic conditions, and projections consistent with our operating strategy. Changes in these estimates could have a significant effect on whether or not an impairment charge is recorded and the magnitude of such a charge. Adverse market or economic events could result in impairment charges in future periods.
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Sensitivity of Estimates to Change:
During the third quarter of the 2024 Fiscal Year, we performed our annual quantitative assessment of goodwill. No goodwill impairment charge was recorded as a result of the testing and the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units significantly exceeded its carrying value. In addition, a 10% decline in the projected cash flows or a 10% increase in the discount rate assumption utilized in our annual quantitative testing would not result in an impairment of any of our reporting units.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to “Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a description of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted
Refer to “Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a description of accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet adopted.
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The economy and its impact on discretionary consumer spending, labor wages, fuel, fertilizer, and other material costs, home sales, unemployment rates, insurance costs, foreign exchange, and medical costs could have a material adverse impact on future results of operations. We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business, primarily in the form of commodity risk, product price risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk. To mitigate these risks, we utilize various financial instruments in the ordinary course of business, which are not held for any speculative or trading purposes.
Inflationary pressures may also cause potentially unfavorable effects through higher labor costs as well as asset replacement costs and related depreciation, higher interest rates, and higher material costs.
Commodity Risk
Our operating performance may be affected by price fluctuations in commodity-based products like PVC pipe and grass seed that we purchase and sell. We are also exposed to fluctuations in fuel costs as we deliver a substantial portion of the products we sell by truck. We seek to minimize the effects of inflation and changing prices through economies of purchasing and inventory management, resulting in cost reductions and productivity improvements as well as price adjustments to maintain gross margins.
Product Price Risk
Our business model is to buy and sell at current market prices in quantities approximately equal to estimated customer demand. We do not take significant “long” or “short” positions in the products we sell in an attempt to speculate on changes in product prices. Because we maintain inventories in order to serve the needs of our customers, we are subject to the risk of reductions in market prices for the products we hold in inventory; however, we actively manage this risk by adjusting prices and managing our inventory levels.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk associated with our debt. While changes in interest rates do not affect the fair value of our variable-rate debt, they do affect future earnings and cash flows through higher interest expense. Interest rate swaps are entered into with the objective of converting variable to fixed rate debt, thereby reducing volatility in borrowing costs.
•Loans under the ABL Credit Agreement bear interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted term SOFR rate equal to term SOFR plus 0.10% (subject to a floor of 0.00%) plus an applicable margin of 1.25% or 1.50% or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.25% or 0.50%, in each case depending on the average daily excess availability under the ABL Credit Agreement, and in each case subject to a 0.125% reduction when the Consolidated First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) is less than 1.50:1.00.
•The Tranche B Term Loans bear interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75% (with a Term SOFR floor of 0.50%) or (ii) an alternative base rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.75%.
The portions of our outstanding balance under the Tranche B Term Loans that are not covered by interest rate swap contracts and outstanding balances under the ABL Credit Agreement are subject to variable interest rates. We performed a sensitivity analysis and determined that an increase of one percentage point in interest rates on our variable-rate debt outstanding at December 29, 2024 would increase our projected interest payments by approximately $4.0 million for the 2025 Fiscal Year. Actual interest payments may differ in the future based on additional changes in floating interest rates or other factors and events, including our entry into amendments of the ABL Facility and the Tranche B Term Loans, as well as new interest rate swap contracts.
Credit Risk
We have a credit policy in place and monitor exposure to credit risk on an ongoing basis. We perform credit evaluations on all customers requesting credit above a specified exposure level. In the normal course of business, we provide credit to our customers, perform ongoing credit evaluations of these customers, and maintain reserves for potential credit losses. Our typical credit terms extend 30 days from the date of purchase, but terms of up to 60 days are not uncommon. We typically have limited risk from a concentration of credit risk as no individual customer represents greater than 5% of the outstanding accounts receivable balance. Bad debt reserves, which we use as a proxy for our bad debt exposure, were approximately 5% of gross receivables as of December 29, 2024.
Investments, if any, are only in liquid securities and only with counterparties with appropriate credit ratings. Transactions involving derivative financial instruments are with counterparties with which we have a signed netting agreement and which have appropriate credit ratings. We do not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
| INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | ||||||||
| Page | ||||||||
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity and redeemable non-controlling interest, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 29 , 2024, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 29, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 20, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Acquisitions – Customer Relationship Intangible Assets – Refer to Note 1 (Intangible Assets) and Note 5 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company completed various acquisitions during the year ended December 29, 2024. The Company accounted for the acquisitions under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values, including customer relationship intangible assets of $34.0 million. Management estimated the fair value of the customer relationship intangible assets using the multi-period excess earnings method, which is a specific discounted cash flow method. The fair value determination of customer relationship intangible assets required management to make estimates and assumptions, including the selection of the discount rates.
We identified the initial valuation of customer relationship intangible assets for certain acquisitions as a critical audit matter because of the judgment associated with the determination of the discount rates. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s selection of the discount rates used in the determination of the initial fair value of the customer relationship intangible assets for certain acquisitions.
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How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the selection of the discount rates for the determination of fair value of customer relationship intangible assets included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the fair value of the customer relationship intangible assets, including management’s controls over the selection of the discount rates.
•For certain acquisitions, with the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rates by:
1)Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.
2)Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
February 20, 2025
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
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SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share and per share data)
| Assets | December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory, net | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax receivable | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities, Redeemable Non-controlling Interest, and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax payable | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, par value $ | ||||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In millions, except share and per share data)
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other non-operating expenses, net | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In millions)
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps - net unrealized gains and reclassifications into earnings, net of taxes of $ | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive (loss) income | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to SiteOne | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Non-controlling Interest
(In millions, shares in thousands)
| Common Stock Shares | Common Stock Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Total Equity | Redeemable Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 2, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares under stock-based compensation plan | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common shares | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares under stock-based compensation plan | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common shares | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares under stock-based compensation plan | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common shares | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 29, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile Net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of finance lease right-of-use assets and depreciation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of software and intangible assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt related costs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sale of equipment | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax receivable | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax payable | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Used In Investing Activities | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity proceeds from common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common shares | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings under term loan | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments under term loan | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings on asset-based credit facilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments on asset-based credit facilities | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments of debt issuance costs | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments on finance lease obligations | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments of acquisition related contingent obligations | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Other financing activities | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash (Used In) Provided By Financing Activities | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate on cash | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Change In Cash | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for interest | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for income taxes | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (hereinafter collectively with all its consolidated subsidiaries referred to as the “Company” or individually as “Holdings”) is a wholesale distributor of irrigation supplies, hardscapes (including pavers, natural stone, and blocks), fertilizer and control products (e.g., herbicides), landscape accessories, nursery goods, outdoor lighting, and ice melt products to green industry professionals. The Company also provides value-added consultative services to complement its product offering and to help customers operate and grow their businesses. Substantially all of the Company’s sales are to customers located in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with less than three 690 branches. Based on the nature of the Company’s products and customers’ business cycles, sales are significantly higher in the second and third quarters of each fiscal year.
Share Repurchase Program
On October 20, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase, at any time or from time to time, shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $400.0 million pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan and/or pursuant to open market or accelerated share repurchase arrangements, tender offers, or privately negotiated transactions. The repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and may be amended, suspended, or terminated by the Company’s Board of Directors at any time.
The following table summarizes the activity under the share repurchase program during the periods presented.
| Fiscal Year | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Amount Remaining (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
Holdings indirectly owns 100 % of the membership interest in SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC (referred to herein as “Landscape Holding”). Landscape Holding is the parent and sole owner of SiteOne Landscape Supply, LLC (referred to herein as “Landscape”). Prior to the transaction described below, Deere & Company (“Deere”) was the sole owner of SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC.
On December 23, 2013 (the “Closing Date”), the Company acquired 100 % of the ownership interest in Landscape Holding from Deere in exchange for common shares of the Company initially representing 40 % of the outstanding capital stock (on an as-converted basis) plus cash consideration of $314 million, net of pre-closing and post-closing adjustments. In order to facilitate the transaction, the Company issued Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC (“CD&R”) for total consideration of $174 million initially representing 60 % of the outstanding capital stock (on an as-converted basis). As part of the same transaction, Landscape Holding also acquired from Deere the affiliated company LESCO, Inc. (“LESCO”). The Company continues to be the sole owner of Landscape Holding. The aforementioned transactions described in this paragraph are referred to herein as the “CD&R Acquisition”.
On May 17, 2016, the Company completed its initial public offering of its common stock and following consummation of the Company’s secondary offering on July 26, 2017, CD&R and Deere no longer have an ownership interest in the Company.
The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
The Consolidated Statements of Operations, Comprehensive Income, Equity and Redeemable Non-controlling Interest, and Cash Flows for the Company are presented for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023. The Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The consolidated financial statements for the Company include the assets and liabilities used in operating the Company’s business, including entities in which the Company owns or controls more than 50% of the voting shares. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
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Significant Accounting Policies
Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fiscal year: The Company’s fiscal year is a 52- or 53-week period ending on the Sunday nearest to December 31. The fiscal years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023 each included 52 weeks.
Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include primarily cash on deposit with banks which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts. Cash and cash equivalents also include unsettled credit card transactions.
Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable is presented at the original invoice amount, less any charge-offs and the allowance for credit losses and doubtful accounts. Allowances for credit losses and doubtful accounts are maintained in amounts considered to be appropriate in relation to the receivables outstanding based on collection experience, economic conditions, credit risk quality, and reasonable supportable forecasts. Receivables are written-off to the allowance when an account is considered uncollectible.
Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the periods was as follows (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for allowance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Write-offs) recoveries, net | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net: Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on property and equipment using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as noted below. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease terms. The amortization of the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets under finance leases is included in amortization expense. Expenditures for replacement or major renewals of significant items are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are generally charged to expense as incurred.
| Asset Class | Estimated Useful Life | |||||||
| Buildings and improvements | ||||||||
| Branch equipment | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Auto and truck | ||||||||
| Tooling | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease, considering renewal options expected to be exercised. | |||||||
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Acquisitions: When the Company acquires a controlling financial interest in an entity or group of assets that are determined to meet the definition of a business, the acquisition method described in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations, is applied. The Company allocates the purchase consideration paid to acquire the business to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. If during the measurement period (a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date) the Company receives additional information that existed as of the acquisition date but at the time of the original allocation described above was unknown, the Company makes the appropriate adjustments to the purchase price allocation in the reporting period in which the adjustments are identified.
Goodwill: Goodwill represents the acquired fair value of a business in excess of the fair values of tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company tests goodwill on an annual basis as of July fiscal month-end and additionally if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Examples of such indicators include a significant change in the business climate, unexpected competition, loss of key personnel, or a decline in the Company’s market capitalization below the Company’s net book value. The Company performs impairment assessments at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, also known as a component.
Impairment of long-lived assets: Long-lived assets, primarily property and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets, and long-term contracts included in other assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. The recoverability of an asset group is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset group to its future undiscounted cash flows.
If the recoverability test indicates the asset group balances are not recoverable, the Company would recognize an impairment charge in the current period to reduce the long-lived asset balances based on the fair value of the asset group.
During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company consolidated or closed certain branches and other locations and determined that there were indicators of impairment with respect to the impacted asset groups, including operating lease ROU assets as well as property and equipment. A long-lived asset impairment test was performed during the fourth quarter of 2024, which indicated that the fair value of certain asset groups was lower than their respective carrying values. Accordingly, in the 2024 Fiscal Year the Company recorded impairment and other related charges of approximately $11.4 million. The charges included a write down of approximately $9.5 million related to operating lease ROU assets and approximately $0.9 million related to property and equipment. The asset impairment charges were recorded to Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, approximately $1.0 million of reclamation and repair costs were recorded to Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the consolidation and closure of the branches and other locations.
Fair value measurement: Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing an amount that would be received to sell an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized into the following three-tiered value hierarchy:
•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, which are observable either directly or indirectly.
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•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data.
The hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The classification of fair value measurement within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement.
Interest rate swaps: The Company is subject to interest rate risk with regard to existing and future issuances of debt. The Company utilizes interest rate swap contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in variable interest rates for future interest payments on existing debt. In 2021, the Company amended and restructured its interest rate swap contracts using a strategy referred to as a “blend and extend”. In a blend and extend arrangement, the liability position of the existing interest rate swap arrangement is effectively blended into the amended or new interest rate swap arrangement and the term to maturity of the hedged position is extended. The Company evaluates its blend and extend arrangements under ASC Topic 815: Derivatives and Hedging, to determine if they are stand-alone derivative instruments or hybrid instruments.
The Company recognizes the unrealized gains or unrealized losses for interest rate swap contracts as either assets or liabilities at fair value on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The interest rate swap contracts are subject to master netting arrangements. The Company has elected not to offset the fair value of assets with the fair value of liabilities related to these contracts. The Company uses significant observable market data or assumptions (Level 2 inputs) that market participants would use in pricing similar assets or liabilities, including assumptions about counterparty risk to determine the fair value of the interest rate swap contracts. The fair value estimates reflect an income approach based on the terms of the interest rate swap contracts and inputs corroborated by observable market data including interest rate curves.
The Company recognizes any differences between the variable interest rate payments and the fixed interest rate settlements with the swap counterparties as an adjustment to interest expense over the life of the swaps. The Company has designated its swaps as cash flow hedges and records the estimated fair value of the swaps to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes probable the forecasted transactions will not occur, the hedge relationship will be de-designated and amounts accumulated in AOCI will be reclassified to Interest and other non-operating expenses, net in the current period. Future changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments will be reported in Interest and other non-operating expenses, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Treasury stock: The Company records purchases of treasury stock at cost, which is reflected as a reduction to Stockholders’ equity on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Incremental direct costs to purchase treasury stock are included in the cost of the shares acquired.
Revenue recognition: The Company recognizes revenue when control over a product or service is transferred to a customer. This transfer occurs primarily when goods are picked up by a customer at the Company’s branch or when goods are delivered to a customer location. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, which is based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. The transaction price will include estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. In all cases, when a sale is recorded by the Company, no significant uncertainty exists surrounding the customer’s obligation to pay. The Company also enters into agency agreements with certain of its suppliers whereby the Company operates as a sales agent of those suppliers. The suppliers retain title to their merchandise until it is sold by the Company and determine the prices at which the Company can sell their merchandise. The Company recognizes these agency sales on a net basis and records only the product margin as commission revenue. In addition, Net sales include billings to customers for freight and handling charges. Net sales are presented net of any discounts, returns, customer rebates, and sales or other revenue-based taxes. Provisions for returns are estimated and accrued at the time a sale is recognized.
Sales incentives: The Company offers rebates to certain customers, which are accrued based on sales volumes. In addition, the Company offers a points-based reward program which allows enrolled customers to earn loyalty rewards on purchases to be used on future purchases, to pay for annual customer trips hosted by the Company, or to obtain gift cards to other third-party retailers. The Company often receives cash payments from customers in advance of the Company’s performance of the customer loyalty rewards program resulting in contract liabilities, which are determined on a contract-by-contract basis. These contract liabilities are classified in Accrued liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to “Note 2. Revenue from Contracts with Customer” for further details regarding the Company’s customer loyalty rewards program.
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Sales taxes: The Company collects and remits taxes assessed by different governmental authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with revenue producing transactions between the Company and its customers. These taxes may include sales, use, value-added, and some excise taxes. The Company reports the collection of these taxes on a net basis (excluded from sales).
Cost of goods sold: Cost of goods sold includes all inventory costs, such as the purchase price from suppliers, net of any volume-based incentives and discounts, as well as inbound freight and handling, and other costs associated with inventory, and is exclusive of the costs to deliver the products to customers.
Shipping and handling costs: Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound freight are included in Cost of goods sold.
Stock-based compensation: The Company applies the fair value method to recognize compensation expense for stock-based awards. Using this method, the estimated grant-date fair value of the award is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based on the portion of the award that is expected to vest.
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units is measured based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of option awards. The exercise price of option awards is set to equal the value of the common stock at the date of the grant. The following weighted-average assumptions are also used to calculate the estimated fair value of option awards:
•Expected volatility: The expected volatility of the Company’s shares is estimated using the Company’s historical stock price volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the awards.
•Expected term: For employee stock option awards, the Company determines the weighted average expected term equal to the weighted period between the vesting period and the contract life of all outstanding options.
•Dividend yield: The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the foreseeable future and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero .
•Risk-free interest rate: The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on a U.S. Treasury note with a term equal to the estimated expected term of the awards.
Refer to “Note 7. Employee Benefit and Stock Incentive Plans” for further details regarding stock-based compensation.
Other income: Other income consists primarily of financing charges, net gain/loss on sale of assets, foreign currency gain/loss, and the fair value adjustments of acquisition related contingent obligations.
Income taxes: The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return and files both combined or unitary state income tax returns as well as separate state income tax returns in certain jurisdictions. Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method in which deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon sufficient future taxable income.
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The Company’s operations involve dealing with uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions. The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company recognizes interest, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits within Interest and other non-operating expenses, and recognizes penalties in Selling, general and administrative expenses.
In November 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to become a limited partner in a tax-advantaged limited partnership for an interest in an approved qualified renewable energy project. The carrying value of the investment is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with an unfunded commitment included in Accrued liabilities as of December 29, 2024. The investment qualifies for the application of the proportional amortization method (“PAM”), under which, the tax equity investment is amortized in proportion to the allocation of income tax credits and is recorded within Income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Company recognizes deferred taxes on the basis difference of the tax equity investment to reflect the financial impact of other income tax benefits (e.g., tax operating losses) that are not included under PAM. These income tax credits and other income tax benefits received are included in Net cash provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Redeemable Non-controlling Interest: In April 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase and Redemption Agreement, pursuant to which it acquired a 75 % ownership interest in Devil Mountain Wholesale Nursery, LLC (“Devil Mountain”). The Company maintains a controlling financial interest in Devil Mountain and consolidates this entity. The portion of Net income (loss) and Comprehensive income (loss) of Devil Mountain attributable to the non-controlling interest is shown separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, respectively. The share of equity in Devil Mountain attributable to the non-controlling interest is reported as Redeemable non-controlling interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as temporary equity. In addition, the Company entered into an amended operating agreement, the Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement (the “Operating Agreement”), in connection with the acquisition of the Company’s controlling interest. The Operating Agreement contains put and call options whereby the remaining 25 % ownership interest in Devil Mountain may be sold to the Company through the exercise of the holders’ put option or purchased by the Company through the exercise of the Company’s call option. The put option may be exercised any time on or after three years from the date of acquisition, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. The Company’s call option may be redeemed any time on or after five years from the date of acquisition, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. The put and call option price is based on a multiple of earnings, subject to the terms of the Operating Agreement.
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Foreign currency translation: The functional currency for the Company’s Canadian operations is the Canadian dollar, which is the local currency. The assets and liabilities of these operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. The revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the period. The gains or losses from these translations are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses recognized on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in Other income.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contact Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2021-08”). The guidance requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) rather than at fair value. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 on a prospective basis when it became effective in the first quarter of the 2023 Fiscal Year. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”), as amended in January 2021 by ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope” (“ASU 2021-01”), and in December 2022 by ASU 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848” (“ASU 2022-06”).
•ASU 2020-04 provided optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria were met.
•ASU 2021-01 amended the scope of the guidance in ASU 2020-04 on the facilitation of the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in ASU 2021-01 clarified that “certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting can apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition”. These amendments applied only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The expedients are applicable to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into on or before December 31, 2022. The guidance was permitted to be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occurred.
•ASU 2022-06 deferred the expiration date of the reference rate reform relief guidance provided by ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 to December 31, 2024.
The Company previously elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions would be based matches the index for the corresponding derivatives. On March 27, 2023, the Company amended its term loans to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) in lieu of LIBOR. On March 31, 2023, the Company amended the terms of its interest rate swaps to implement SOFR in place of LIBOR. Concurrent with the amendments to its interest rate swaps, the Company elected certain of the optional expedients provided in Topic 848 that allowed the Company to preserve the past presentation of its derivatives without de-designating the existing hedging relationships. The adoption of Topic 848 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to “Note 8. Long-Term Debt” for additional information regarding these amended agreements.
In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), and Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2023-03”). This ASU amends or supersedes various SEC paragraphs in the Accounting Standards Codification to primarily reflect the issuance of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120. ASU 2023-03 provided clarifying guidance related to employee and non-employee share-based payment accounting, including guidance to companies issuing share-based awards shortly before announcing material, nonpublic information to consider such material nonpublic information to adjust observable market prices if the release of material nonpublic information is expected to affect the share price. ASU 2023-03 did not provide new guidance so there is no transition or effective date associated with it. Therefore, these updates were immediately effective. The adoption of ASU 2023-03 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, “Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method” (“ASU 2023-02”), which permits a reporting entity to account for its tax equity investments by using the proportional amortization method regardless of the program from which it receives income tax credits, if certain eligibility criteria are met. Under this guidance, an investor in a tax equity investment may utilize the proportional amortization method for qualifying investments on a tax credit program-by-program basis. The Company adopted ASU 2023-02 as of January 1, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to “Income taxes” above and “Note 9. Income Taxes” for additional information regarding the Company’s tax equity investment.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of (i) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within the segment measure of profit or loss, (ii) categories and amounts for other segment items to reconcile to segment profit or loss, and (iii) the title and position of the Company’s CODM. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective January 1, 2024 on a retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the requirements impact only segment reporting disclosures in the Notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to “Note 12. Segment Information” for additional information.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). The amendments in ASU 2023-09 require public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The new standard will be effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the amended guidance and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Note 2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following table presents Net sales disaggregated by product category (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
Landscaping products(a) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Agronomic and other products(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
(a) Landscaping products include irrigation supplies, hardscapes, landscape accessories, nursery goods, and outdoor lighting.
(b) Agronomic and other products include fertilizer, control products, ice melt, equipment, and other products.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations related to ASC Topic 606 represent the aggregate transaction price allocated to performance obligations with an original contract term greater than one year that are fully or partially unsatisfied at the end of the period. Remaining performance obligations include the outstanding points balance related to the customer loyalty rewards program. The program allows enrolled customers to earn loyalty rewards on purchases to be used on future purchases, to pay for annual customer trips hosted by the Company, or to obtain gift cards to other third-party retailers.
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As of December 29, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $16.3 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, deferred revenue, and billings in excess of revenue recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contract Liabilities
As of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, contract liabilities were $16.3 million and $12.4 million, respectively, and were included within Accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase in the contract liability balance during the year ended December 29, 2024 is primarily a result of cash payments received in advance of satisfying performance obligations, partially offset by $14.9 million of revenue recognized and the expiration of points related to the customer loyalty rewards program during the period.
Note 3. Acquisitions
The Company enters into strategic acquisitions in an effort to better service existing customers and to attract new customers. The Company made various acquisitions during the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023. The following acquisitions had an aggregate purchase price of $138.0 million, $195.7 million, and $248.7 million, and deferred contingent consideration of $6.9 million, $12.6 million, and $17.4 million, for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively. The aggregate assets acquired were $181.5 million, $199.4 million, and $196.6 million, aggregate liabilities assumed were $50.9 million, $66.5 million, and $32.3 million, and excess purchase price attributed to goodwill acquired was $32.9 million, $75.4 million, and $101.8 million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively. The Company has completed the acquisition accounting for each acquisition made during the 2023 Fiscal Year and the 2022 Fiscal Year. The Company recorded the preliminary acquisition accounting for the remaining acquisitions completed during the 2024 Fiscal Year at their estimated fair values as of the respective acquisition dates.
•In December 2024, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Custom Stone. With six locations across Texas, Custom Stone is a wholesale distributor of hardscape products to landscape professionals.
•In December 2024, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of OakStreet Wholesale Nursery, LLC (“OakStreet”). With one location in Fairview, Texas, OakStreet is a wholesale distributor of nursery products to landscape professionals.
•In July 2024, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Millican Nurseries, LLC (“Millican Nurseries”). With one location in Chichester, New Hampshire, Millican Nurseries is a wholesale distributor of nursery products to landscape professionals.
•In June 2024, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Cohen & Cohen Natural Stone Inc. (“Cohen & Cohen”). With one location in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Cohen & Cohen is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In May 2024, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of AC Florida Pavers, LLC, doing business as Hardscape.com (“Hardscape.com”). With four locations in Boca Raton, Ft. Myers, Tampa, and Jupiter, Florida, Hardscape.com is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In April 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase and Redemption Agreement, pursuant to which it acquired a 75 % ownership interest in Devil Mountain. The Company also entered into the Operating Agreement in connection with the acquisition of the Company’s controlling interest that contains put and call options whereby the remaining 25 % ownership interest in Devil Mountain may be sold to the Company through the exercise of the holders’ put option or purchased by the Company through the exercise of the Company’s call option. The acquisition date fair value of the Redeemable non-controlling interest was $18.6 million. With eight wholesale nursery distribution branches and six growing facilities across California, Devil Mountain is a wholesale distributor of landscape trees and plants to landscape professionals.
•In April 2024, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Eggemeyer Land Clearing, LLC (“Eggemeyer”). With one location in New Braunfels, Texas, Eggemeyer is a wholesale distributor of bulk landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In December 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Newsom Seed, Inc. (“Newsom Seed”). With two locations in Fulton, Maryland, Newsom Seed is a wholesale distributor of seed and agronomic products to landscape professionals.
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•In August 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of JMJ Organics LTD (“JMJ Organics”). With five locations in Houston, Texas, JMJ Organics is a wholesale distributor of landscape supplies, nursery products, and hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Regal Chemical Company and Monarch Scientific, LLC (collectively, “Regal”). With one location in Alpharetta, Georgia, Regal is a wholesale distributor of agronomic products to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Pioneer Landscape Centers, Inc. and JLL Pioneer LLC (collectively, “Pioneer”). With 18 locations in Colorado and 16 locations in Arizona, Pioneer is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and landscape supply products, including decorative rock, pavers, bulk materials, artificial turf, and supporting products to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Timothy’s Center for Gardening, LLC (“Timothy’s”). With one location in Robbinsville, New Jersey, Timothy’s is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes, nursery products, and bulk materials to landscape professionals.
•In August 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of New England Silica, Inc. (“New England Silica”). With one location in South Windsor, Connecticut, New England Silica is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In July 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Hickory Hill Farm & Garden, LLC (“Hickory Hill”). With one location in Eatonton, Georgia, Hickory Hill is a wholesale distributor of irrigation, nursery, and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In May 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Link Inc., doing business as Link Outdoor Lighting Distributors (“Link”). With four locations in Altamonte Springs and Naples, Florida, Nashville, Tennessee, and Houston, Texas, Link is a wholesale distributor of landscape lighting products to landscape professionals.
•In May 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Adams Wholesale Supply, Inc. (“Adams Wholesale Supply”). With three locations in the San Antonio, Houston, and Dallas, Texas markets, Adams Wholesale Supply is a wholesale distributor of landscape supplies and agronomic products to landscape professionals.
•In March 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Triangle Landscape Supplies, Inc., Triangle Landscape Supplies of J.C., LLC, and Triangle Landscape Supplies of Apex, Inc. (collectively, “Triangle”). With four locations in the Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina market, Triangle is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In March 2023, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of J&J Materials Corp. (“J&J Materials”). With five locations in Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts, J&J Materials is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In December 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Whittlesey Landscape Supplies and Recycling, Inc. (“Whittlesey”). With seven locations in the greater Austin, Texas market, Whittlesey is a producer and wholesale distributor of bulk landscape supplies and hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In December 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Telluride Natural Stone, Inc. (“Telluride Natural Stone”). With one location in Phoenix, Arizona, Telluride Natural Stone is a wholesale distributor of hardscape products and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In October 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Madison Block & Stone, LLC (“Madison Block & Stone”). With one location in Madison, Wisconsin, Madison Block & Stone is a wholesale distributor of natural stone, pavers, bulk materials, and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In August 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Kaknes Landscape Supply, Inc. (“Kaknes”). With one location in Naperville, Illinois, Kaknes is a wholesale distributor of nursery products to landscape professionals.
•In August 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Stone Plus, LLC (“Stone Plus”). With three locations in Northeast Florida, Stone Plus is a wholesale distributor of landscape supplies and hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In August 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of JimStone Co. of Louisiana, LLC (“Jim Stone”). With three locations in Southern Louisiana, Jim Stone is a wholesale distributor of natural stone and other hardscapes to landscape professionals.
•In August 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Linzel Distributing Inc. (“Linzel”). With one location in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Linzel is a wholesale distributor of outdoor lighting and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In August 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Cape Cod Stone & Masonry Supply, Inc. (“Cape Cod Stone”). With one location in Orleans, Massachusetts, Cape Cod Stone is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes to landscape professionals.
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•In July 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of River Valley Horticultural Products, Inc. and River Valley Equipment Rental and Sales, LLC (collectively, “River Valley”). With one location in Little Rock, Arkansas, River Valley is a wholesale distributor of nursery products, hardscapes, and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In July 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of A&A Stepping Stone Manufacturing, Inc. (“A&A Stepping Stone”). With four locations in Sacramento, California, A&A Stepping Stone is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In June 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Prescott Dirt, LLC (“Prescott Dirt”). With two locations in Prescott and Prescott Valley, Arizona, Prescott Dirt is a wholesale distributor of landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In June 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Yard Works, LLC (“Yard Works”). With 13 locations in Central Virginia, Yard Works is a wholesale distributor of bulk landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In June 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Across the Pond, Inc. (“Across the Pond”). With one location in Huntsville, Alabama, Across the Pond is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and bulk landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In April 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Preferred Seed Company, Inc. (“Preferred Seed”). With one location in Buffalo, New York, Preferred Seed is a wholesale distributor of seed and agronomic products to landscape professionals.
•In April 2022, the Company acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of RTSB Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Bellstone Masonry Supply (“Bellstone”). With one location in Fort Worth, Texas, Bellstone is a wholesale distributor of hardscapes and landscape supplies to landscape professionals.
•In March 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of J K Enterprise, Inc., Culpeper Recycling Hauling LLC, Culpeper Recycling Transport LLC, Gateway Home & Garden Center, LLC, JK Enterprise Landscape Supply, Limited Liability Company, Madera Farm Transport, LLC, Saunders LS, LLC, and Tilden Farm Nursery, LLC, and also acquired the assets of Metro Landscape Supply, Limited and Culpeper Recycling, LLC (collectively, “JK Enterprise”). With six locations in Northern Virginia and one location in Maryland, JK Enterprise is a wholesale distributor of bulk and bagged mulches and soil, hardscapes, and nursery products to landscape professionals.
These transactions were accounted for by the acquisition method, and accordingly, the results of operations were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates.
Note 4. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in millions):
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Buildings and leasehold improvements: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Buildings | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Branch equipment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office furniture and fixtures and vehicles: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office furniture and fixtures | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vehicles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mineral rights | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tooling | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction in process | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Property and equipment, gross | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of finance ROU assets and depreciation expense was $75.3 million, $64.1 million, and $51.6 million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
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Capitalized software has an estimated useful life of three years . The amounts of total capitalized software costs, including purchased and internally developed software, included in Other assets at December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $25.2 million and $19.7 million, less accumulated amortization of $13.1 million and $11.1 million, respectively. Amortization of these software costs was $2.7 million, $1.0 million, and $1.4 million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill acquired during the year | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill adjusted during the year | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Additions to goodwill during the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 related to the acquisitions during the 2024 Fiscal Year and the 2023 Fiscal Year as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions.” There have been no
Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the components of intangible assets (in millions, except weighted average remaining useful life):
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life | Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trademarks and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangibles | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the year ended December 29, 2024, the Company recorded $40.2 million of intangible assets, including $34.1 million in Customer relationship intangibles and $6.1 million in Trademarks and other intangibles. The change in Customer relationship intangibles and Trademarks and other intangibles included additions of $34.0 million and $6.3 million, respectively, as a result of the acquisitions completed in 2024 as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions.” Updates of purchase price allocations related to prior year acquisitions during the allowable measurement period and currency translation adjustments of Customer relationship intangibles and Trademarks and other intangibles, net were $0.1 million and $(0.2 ) million, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $67.7 million of intangible assets, including $61.3 million in Customer relationship intangibles and $6.4 million in Trademarks and other intangibles. The change in Customer relationship intangibles and Trademarks and other intangibles included additions of $58.4 million and $7.4 million, respectively, as a result of the acquisitions completed in 2023 as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions.” Updates of purchase price allocations related to prior year acquisitions during the allowable measurement period and currency translation adjustments of Customer relationship intangibles and Trademarks and other intangibles, net were $2.9 million and $(1.0 ) million, respectively.
The Customer relationship intangible assets are amortized over a weighted-average period of approximately 20 years. The Trademarks and other intangible assets are amortized over a weighted-average period of approximately five years .
Amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023 was $61.0 million, $62.6 million, and $50.8 million, respectively.
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Total future amortization estimated as of December 29, 2024, is as follows (in millions):
| Fiscal year ending: | |||||
| 2025 | $ | ||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total future amortization | $ | ||||
Note 6. Leases
The components of lease expense were as follows (in millions):
| Lease cost | Classification | For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease cost: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | Cost of goods sold | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | Interest and other non-operating expenses, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | Cost of goods sold | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | Cost of goods sold | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | Selling, general and administrative expenses | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in millions):
| Other information | For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurements of lease liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
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The aggregate future lease payments for operating and finance leases as of December 29, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
| Maturity of Lease Liabilities | Operating Leases | Finance Leases | ||||||||||||
| Fiscal year: | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||||
| Total lease payments | ||||||||||||||
| Less: interest | ||||||||||||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The weighted-average lease terms and discount rates were as follows:
| Lease Term and Discount Rate | December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term: | ||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | ||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate: | ||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating leases | % | % | ||||||||||||
Note 7. Employee Benefit and Stock Incentive Plans
The Company sponsors a defined contribution benefit plan for substantially all of its employees. Company contributions to the plan are based on a percentage of employee wages. The Company’s contributions to the plan were $18.3 million, $16.5 million, and $14.5 million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
The Company’s Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”), which became effective on April 28, 2016, provided for the grant of awards in the form of stock options that may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options; stock purchase rights; restricted stock; restricted stock units (“RSUs”); performance shares; performance stock units (“PSUs”); stock appreciation rights; dividend equivalents; deferred stock units (“DSUs”); or other stock-based awards. The Company also has outstanding stock-based awards under its stock incentive plan (“Stock Incentive Plan”), which commenced in May 2014 and terminated upon adoption of the 2016 Plan. However, awards previously granted under the Stock Incentive Plan were unaffected by the termination of the Stock Incentive Plan.
At the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company on May 13, 2020 (the “Effective Date”), the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which replaced the 2016 Plan. The 2020 Plan reserves 2,155,280 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance under the 2020 Plan, consisting of 1,600,000 new shares plus 555,280 shares that were previously authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan and that, as of the Effective Date, were not subject to outstanding awards. No further grants of awards will be made under the 2016 Plan; however, outstanding awards granted under the 2016 Plan will remain outstanding and will continue to be administered in accordance with the terms of the 2016 Plan and the applicable award agreements. Any shares covered by an award, or any portion thereof, granted under the 2020 Plan, 2016 Plan, or Stock Incentive Plan that terminates, is forfeited, is repurchased, expires, or lapses for any reason will again be available for the grant of awards. Additionally, any shares tendered or withheld to satisfy the grant or exercise price or tax withholding obligations pursuant to any award under the 2020 Plan, 2016 Plan, or Stock Incentive Plan will again be available for issuance. As of December 29, 2024, the aggregate number of shares that remain available to be issued under the 2020 Plan is 2,221,857 .
Stock options and RSUs granted to employees vest over a four-year 25 10 years after the date of grant. PSUs granted to employees vest upon the achievement of the performance conditions, over a three-year period, measured by the growth of the Company’s pre-tax income plus amortization relative to a performance peer group, subject to adjustment based upon the application of a return on invested capital modifier.
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The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Since the start of the 2023 Fiscal Year, expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. Prior to the 2023 Fiscal Year, expected volatilities were based on the historical equity volatility of comparable publicly traded companies. The change in estimate was due to the length of time the Company’s common stock had been publicly traded, which exceeded the expected term of the stock options at the start of the 2023 Fiscal Year. The expected term of stock options granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rates utilized for periods throughout the contractual life of the stock options are based on the U.S. Treasury security yields at the time of grant. DSUs, RSUs, and PSUs have grant date fair values equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized in the financial statements based upon fair value on the date of grant. The compensation costs for stock options and RSUs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite vesting periods. The Company recognizes compensation expense for PSUs when it is probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts its compensation cost accordingly.
RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest at the earlier of the day preceding the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Company at which directors are elected or the first anniversary of the grant date, in each case, subject to the participant’s continued service as a director or other service provider (as applicable) from the grant date through such vesting date. Vested RSUs granted to non-employee directors settle into the Company’s common stock at the earlier to occur of the vesting date, termination of the director’s service on the Company’s Board of Directors, or until a change of control of the Company. Settlement may also be deferred at the director’s election until a specified date after the vesting date. DSUs granted to non-employee directors vest immediately but settlement is deferred until termination of the director’s service on the Company’s Board of Directors or until a change of control of the Company.
In February 2023, the Company’s Human Resources and Compensation Committee approved amendments to the applicable equity award agreements governing the terms of the stock options, RSUs, and PSUs granted under the 2020 Plan. Pursuant to such amendments, all unvested stock options and RSUs granted to an associate after the effective date of the amendments under an applicable award agreement, as amended, will fully vest following the end of their employment, generally in four equal annual installments and expire in 10 years for stock options, if such associate’s combined age (minimum of 55 years of age) and completed years of employment with the Company (minimum of five years of service) equals 65 or more (the “Rule of 65”). The amendments did not alter any equity award agreements outstanding on or prior to the effective date or the pro-rated vesting schedule with respect to PSUs, other than to change the definition of retirement to reflect the Rule of 65.
There were no stock options granted in the 2024 Fiscal Year. The estimated grant-date fair value of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following weighted-average assumptions:
| December 31, 2023 | January 1, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected dividends | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected term | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The following table summarizes the information about stock options as of and for the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
| Number of Shares (in thousands) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired or forfeited | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired or forfeited | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 29, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercisable as of December 29, 2024(a) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested and expected to vest after December 29, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________
(a) Does not include 18.9 thousand stock options granted to retirement eligible associates under the Rule of 65. While these shares immediately vested, they are not exercisable.
The following table summarizes other stock-based compensation award activities for the year ended December 29, 2024 (in thousands):
| RSUs | DSUs | PSUs | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Granted(a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exercised/Vested/Settled(a)(b) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expired or forfeited | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
______________
(a) Includes 2.0 thousand PSUs granted and settled at greater than 100 % of their original grant amount.
(b) Does not include 47.8 thousand RSUs granted to retirement eligible associates under the Rule of 65. While these shares immediately vested, they have not been settled.
The weighted average grant date fair value of awards granted were as follows:
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Stock options | $ | $ | |||||||||
| RSUs | $ | $ | |||||||||
| DSUs | $ | $ | |||||||||
PSUs(a) | $ | $ | |||||||||
______________
(a) Includes PSUs granted and settled during the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 at greater than 100
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A summary of stock-based compensation expenses recognized during the periods was as follows (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
Stock options(a) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
RSUs(a) | |||||||||||||||||
| DSUs | |||||||||||||||||
| PSUs | |||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
______________
(a) Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included accelerated expense related to retirement eligible associates under the Rule of 65. These amounts on a net expense basis included $3.3 million related to RSUs for the year ended December 29, 2024, and $1.2 million related to stock options and $2.2 million related to RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2023.
A summary of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was as follows:
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized Compensation (in millions) | Weighted Average Remaining Period | Unrecognized Compensation (in millions) | Weighted Average Remaining Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| RSUs | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| DSUs | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PSUs | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Note 8. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt was as follows (in millions):
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| ABL facility | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Subsidiary ABL facility | ||||||||||||||
| Term loans | ||||||||||||||
| Hybrid debt instruments | ||||||||||||||
| Total gross long-term debt | ||||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts on debt | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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ABL Facility
SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC (“Landscape Holding”) and SiteOne Landscape Supply, LLC (“Landscape” and together with Landscape Holding, the “Borrowers”), each an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, are parties to the credit agreement dated December 23, 2013 (as amended by the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated June 13, 2014, the Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated January 26, 2015, the Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated February 13, 2015, the Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated October 20, 2015, the Omnibus Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated May 24, 2017, the Sixth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated February 1, 2019, and the Seventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated July 22, 2022, the “ABL Credit Agreement”) providing for an asset-based credit facility (the “ABL Facility”) of up to $600.0 million, subject to borrowing base availability. The ABL Facility is secured by a first lien on the inventory and receivables of the Borrowers. The ABL Facility is guaranteed by SiteOne Landscape Supply Bidco, Inc. (“Bidco”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and each direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. restricted subsidiary of Landscape. The availability under the ABL Facility was $581.2 million and $578.2 million as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Availability is determined using borrowing base calculations of eligible inventory and receivable balances less the current outstanding ABL Facility and letters of credit balances.
On July 22, 2022, the Company, through its subsidiaries, entered into the Seventh Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement (the “Seventh Amendment”). The Seventh Amendment amended and restated the ABL Credit Agreement in order to, among other things, (i) increase the aggregate principal amount of the commitments to $600.0 million, (ii) extend the final scheduled maturity of the revolving credit facility to July 22, 2027, (iii) establish an alternate rate of interest to the LIBOR rate, (iv) replace the administrative and collateral agent, and (v) make such other changes as agreed among the Borrowers and the lenders. Proceeds of the initial borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement on the closing date of the Seventh Amendment were used, among other things, (i) to repay in full the loans outstanding under the ABL Credit Agreement immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Seventh Amendment, (ii) to pay fees and expenses related to the Seventh Amendment and the ABL Credit Agreement, and (iii) for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Loans under the ABL Credit Agreement bear interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted term SOFR rate equal to term SOFR plus 0.10 % (subject to a floor of 0.00 %) plus an applicable margin of 1.25 % or 1.50 % or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.25 % or 0.50 %, in each case depending on the average daily excess availability under the ABL Credit Agreement, and in each case subject to a 0.125 % reduction when the Consolidated First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) is less than 1.50 :1.00. Additionally, undrawn commitments under the ABL Credit Agreement bear a commitment fee of 0.20 % or 0.25 %, depending on the average daily undrawn portion of the commitments under the ABL Credit Agreement.
There was no outstanding balance under the ABL Facility as of December 29, 2024. The interest rate on the outstanding balance under the ABL Facility was 6.69508 % as of December 31, 2023. The commitment fee on unfunded amounts was 0.25
The ABL Facility is subject to mandatory prepayments if the outstanding loans and letters of credit exceed either the aggregate revolving commitments or the current borrowing base, in an amount equal to such excess. Additionally, the ABL Facility is subject to various covenants, including incurrence covenants that require the Company to meet minimum financial ratios, and additional borrowings and other corporate transactions may be limited by failure to meet these financial ratios. Failure to meet any of these covenants could result in an event of default under these agreements. If an event of default occurs, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under these agreements to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interest in collateral pledged under the agreement, or restrict the Borrowers’ ability to obtain additional borrowings under these agreements. The ABL Facility is secured by a first lien security interest over inventory and receivables and a second lien security interest over all other assets pledged as collateral.
The ABL Facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants are limited to the following: financial condition, fundamental changes, dividends and distributions, acquisitions, dispositions of collateral, payments and modifications of restricted indebtedness, negative pledge clauses, changes in line of business, currency, commodity and other hedging transactions, transactions with affiliates, investments, indebtedness, and liens. The negative covenants are subject to customary exceptions and also permit the payment of dividends and distributions, investments, permitted acquisitions, payments or redemptions of indebtedness under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, asset sales and mergers, consolidations, and sales of all or substantially all assets involving subsidiaries upon satisfaction of a “payment condition.” The payment condition is deemed satisfied upon 30 -day specified excess availability and specified availability exceeding agreed upon thresholds and, in certain cases, the absence of specified events of default or known events of default and pro forma compliance with a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00 to 1.00. As of December 29, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all of the ABL Facility covenants.
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Subsidiary ABL Facility
In connection with the Company’s acquisition of a controlling interest in Devil Mountain, on April 30, 2024, Devil Mountain entered into the Eighth Amendment to the Credit Agreement and Consent providing for an asset-based credit facility (the “Devil Mountain ABL Facility”) of up to $20.0 million, subject to borrowing base availability.
Loans under the Devil Mountain ABL facility bear interest at either (i) an adjusted term SOFR rate equal to term SOFR plus an applicable margin of 1.90 % or 2.10 % or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.80 % or 1.00 %, subject to a 0.20 % reduction when the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Devil Mountain ABL Facility) is greater than 2.00 :1.00. Additionally, undrawn commitments under the Devil Mountain ABL Facility bear a commitment fee of 0.25 % on the actual undrawn portion of the commitments under the Devil Mountain ABL Facility based upon the daily utilization for the previous quarter. The interest rate on the outstanding balance under the Devil Mountain ABL Facility was 6.65265 % as of December 29, 2024. Devil Mountain was in compliance with all of the Devil Mountain ABL Facility covenants as of December 29, 2024.
Term Loans
The Borrowers entered into a syndicated senior term loan facility dated April 29, 2016, which was amended on November 23, 2016, May 24, 2017, December 12, 2017, and August 14, 2018. On March 23, 2021, the Company, through its subsidiaries, entered into the Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”), by and among the Borrowers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “New Agent”) in order to, among other things, incur $325.0 million of term loans (the “New Term Loans”) which were used in part to prepay all of the existing term loans outstanding immediately prior to effectiveness of the Fifth Amendment (the “Tranche E Term Loans”). On March 27, 2023, Landscape Holding, as representative for the Borrowers, entered into the First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Sixth Amendment”), to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on SOFR in lieu of LIBOR. On July 12, 2023, Landscape Holding, as representative for the Borrowers, entered into the Increase Supplement (the “Increase Supplement”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, providing for an additional $120.0 million of New Term Loans. On July 2, 2024, the Borrowers entered into the Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) that amends and restates the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2021. The Second Amendment provides for, among other things, an aggregate principal amount of approximately $392.7 million in term loans (the “Tranche B Term Loans”). The Tranche B Term Loans are guaranteed by Bidco and each direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. restricted subsidiary of Landscape. The Tranche B Term Loans are secured by a second lien security interest over inventory and receivables and a first lien security interest over all other assets pledged as collateral. The Tranche B Term Loans mature on March 22, 2030.
Amendments of Term Loans
On July 2, 2024, the Company, through its subsidiaries, Landscape Holding and Landscape, entered into the Second Amendment that amends and restates the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2021. The Second Amendment provides for, among other things, an aggregate principal amount of approximately $392.7 million in Tranche B Term Loans, and makes certain other changes to the existing credit agreement. The aggregate principal amount includes $172.6 million of cashless roll by existing lenders and $220.1 million of proceeds from new lenders. Repayments of $195.1 million were made to lenders who did not participate in the Tranche B Term Loans. Proceeds of the Tranche B Term Loans were used, among other things, (i) to repay in full the term loans outstanding immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Second Amendment, (ii) to repay certain loans outstanding under the ABL Facility, and (iii) to pay fees, costs, and expenses related to the foregoing transactions.
The Tranche B Term Loans bear interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75 % (with a Term SOFR floor of 0.50 %) or (ii) an alternative base rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.75 %. Voluntary prepayments of the Tranche B Term Loans are permitted at any time, in minimum principal amounts, without premium or penalty, unless in connection with certain repricing transactions that occur within the first six months after the date of effectiveness of the Second Amendment. The Tranche B Term Loans will mature on March 22, 2030. The interest rate on the outstanding balance of the Tranche B Term Loans was 6.27397 % as of December 29, 2024.
The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended by the Second Amendment, contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants are limited to the following: limitations on indebtedness, restricted payments, restrictive agreements, sales of assets and subsidiary stock, transactions with affiliates, liens, fundamental changes, amendments, and lines of business. The negative covenants are subject to exceptions customary for transactions of the type.
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The Tranche B Term Loans are payable in consecutive quarterly installments equal to 0.25 % of the aggregate initial principal amount of the Tranche B Term Loans until the maturity date. In addition, the Tranche B Term Loans are subject to annual mandatory prepayments in an amount equal to 50 % of excess cash flow, as defined in the Second Amendment for the applicable fiscal year if 50 % of excess cash flow exceeds $24.0 million and the secured leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00. There are also mandatory prepayments with the proceeds of certain asset sales and from the issuance of debt not permitted to be incurred under the Second Amendment. As of December 29, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all of the Second Amendment covenants.
On July 12, 2023, the Company, through its subsidiary, Landscape Holding, entered into the Increase Supplement by and between Landscape Holding, as borrower representative, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as increasing lender (the “Increasing Lender”), to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Increase Supplement provided for an additional $120.0 million of New Term Loans and made such other changes to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as agreed between Landscape Holding and the Increasing Lender. Proceeds of the term loans borrowed pursuant to the Increase Supplement were used, among other things, to (i) repay certain loans outstanding under the ABL Facility and (ii) pay fees and expenses related to the Increase Supplement.
On March 27, 2023, the Company, through its subsidiary, Landscape Holding, entered into the Sixth Amendment, which amended the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on SOFR in lieu of LIBOR. The New Term Loans bore interest, at Landscape Holding’s option, at either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin equal to 2.00 % (with a Term SOFR floor of 0.50 % on initial term loans and 0.00 % on all other term loans) or (ii) an alternative base rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.00 %.
Interest Expense
During the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, the Company incurred total interest expense of $31.9 million, $27.1 million, and $20.0 million, respectively, of which $22.8 million, $23.0 million, and $16.5 million, respectively, related to interest on the ABL Facility and the term loans. Debt issuance costs and discounts are amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt. As a result of the Second Amendment, unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts in the amount of $1.8 million were written off to expense and new debt fees and issuance costs of $2.2 million were capitalized during the year ended December 29, 2024, in accordance with ASC 470-50, “Debt Modifications and Extinguishments”. As a result of the Increase Supplement, new debt fees and issuance costs of $1.8 million were capitalized during the year ended December 31, 2023. As a result of the Seventh Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement, unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts in the amount of $0.6 million were written off to expense, and new debt fees and issuance costs of $2.3 million were capitalized during the year ended January 1, 2023. No gain or loss was recorded as it related to all participating lenders for the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Amortization expense related to debt issuance costs and discounts was $1.3 million, $1.2 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively. The remaining $6.0 million, $2.9 million, and $1.8 million of interest expense is primarily related to interest attributable to finance leases, partially offset by interest income for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Hybrid Debt Instruments
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company reclassified $5.9 million from Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities to long-term debt with $1.5 million classified as Long-term debt, current portion and $4.4 million classified as Long-term debt, less current portion on its Consolidated Balance Sheets since the interest rate swap arrangements executed on March 23, 2021 were determined to be hybrid debt instruments containing embedded at-market swap derivatives. As of December 29, 2024, the outstanding amount of approximately $0.4 million was classified as Long-term debt, current portion on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to “Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” and “Interest Rate Swaps” below for additional information regarding interest rate swaps and hybrid debt instruments.
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Debt Maturities
Maturities of long-term debt outstanding, in principal amounts at December 29, 2024, are summarized below (in millions):
| Fiscal year: | |||||
| 2025 | $ | ||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company is subject to interest rate risk with regard to existing and future issuances of debt. The Company utilizes interest rate swap contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in variable interest rates for future interest payments on existing debt. The Company is party to interest rate swap contracts to convert the variable interest rate to a fixed interest rate on the borrowings under the term loans.
On March 31, 2023, the Company amended the terms of its interest rate swaps to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on SOFR in place of LIBOR. Since the interest rate swaps were affected by reference rate reform, the Company applied the expedients and exceptions provided in Topic 848 to preserve the past presentation of its derivatives without de-designating the existing hedging relationships. All interest rate swap amendments were executed with the existing counterparties and did not change the notional amounts, maturity dates, or other critical terms of the hedging relationships. The interest rate swaps continue to be net settled on a quarterly basis with the counterparties for the difference between the fixed rates and the variable rates based upon three-month Term SOFR (subject to a floor of 0.23839
On March 23, 2021, the Company restructured the interest rate swap positions of its forward-starting interest rate swaps 4, 5, and 6 to extend the terms to maturity using a strategy referred to as a “blend and extend” in order to continue to manage its exposure to interest rate risk on borrowings under the term loans. Refer to “Term Loans” and “Amendments of the Term Loans” above for additional information regarding the Company’s term loans. As a result of these transactions, all existing agreements for forward-starting interest rate swaps 4, 5, and 6 at that time were amended and restructured as new agreements designated by the Company as interest rate swaps 7, 8, and 9 with the same counterparties. Each of the liability positions of the forward-starting interest rate swaps were blended into the amended interest rate swap agreements and the term of the hedged positions were extended to mature on March 23, 2025. Due to the size of the initial net investment amounts resulting from the termination values of the forward-starting interest rate swaps that were rolled into the interest rate swap arrangements, interest rate swaps 7, 8, and 9 were determined to be hybrid debt instruments containing embedded at-market interest rate swap derivatives. As a result, the Company bifurcated the derivative instruments from the debt host instruments for accounting purposes. Refer to “Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” and “Hybrid Debt Instruments” above for additional information regarding the Company’s hybrid debt instruments.
The following table provides additional details related to the swap contracts designated as hedging instruments as of December 29, 2024:
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Inception Date | Amended Effective Date | Maturity Date | Notional Amount (in millions) | Fixed Interest Rate | Type of Hedge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap 7 | March 23, 2021 | March 31, 2023 | March 23, 2025 | $ | % | Cash flow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap 8 | March 23, 2021 | March 31, 2023 | March 23, 2025 | $ | % | Cash flow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap 9 | March 23, 2021 | March 31, 2023 | March 23, 2025 | $ | % | Cash flow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The following table provides additional details related to interest rate swap 3, which was terminated upon maturity on January 14, 2024:
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Inception Date | Amended Effective Date | Maturity Date | Notional Amount (in millions) | Fixed Interest Rate | Type of Hedge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap 3 | December 17, 2018 | April 14, 2023 | January 14, 2024 | $ | % | Cash flow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivative instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):
| Derivative Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Balance Sheet Location | Fair Value | Balance Sheet Location | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | Other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 29, 2024, the net fair value of the interest rate swaps in the amount of $1.3 million, net of taxes, was recorded in AOCI for the derivatives designated as hedging instruments. To the extent the interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments are determined to be ineffective, the Company recognizes the changes in the estimated fair value of the swaps in earnings.
For the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no ineffectiveness recognized in earnings. The after-tax amount of unrealized gain on derivative instruments included in AOCI related to the interest rate contracts expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months was $1.3 million as of December 29, 2024. The ultimate amount recognized will vary based on fluctuations of interest rates through the maturity dates.
The table below provides details regarding pre-tax amounts in AOCI and gain (loss) reclassified into income for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023 (in millions):
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain Recorded in Other Comprehensive Income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income(a) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income is presented within Interest and other non-operating expense, net within the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented.
The table below provides details regarding gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023 (in millions):
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | January 1, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | ||||||||||||||||||||
Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Income(a) | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
(a) Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Income is presented within Interest and other non-operating expense, net within the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented.
Failure of the swap counterparties to make payments would result in the loss of any potential benefit to the Company under the swap agreements. In this case, the Company would still be obligated to pay the variable interest payments underlying the debt agreements. Additionally, failure of the swap counterparties would not eliminate the Company’s obligation to continue to make payments under the existing swap agreements if it continues to be in a net pay position.
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Note 9. Income Taxes
The Company recorded Income tax expense of $36.0 million, $49.8 million, and $67.7 million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Components of Income before taxes were as follows (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Components of Income tax expense were as follows (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current income tax expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. federal | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. state and local | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax benefit: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. federal | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. state and local | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deferred | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The Company’s effective tax rate was 22.4 %, 22.3 %, and 21.6 % for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively. The following table provides a reconciliation of Income tax expense at the statutory U.S. federal tax rate to actual Income tax expense for the periods presented (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. federal statutory expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
State and local income taxes, net(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess tax benefits | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
______________
(a) Includes excess tax benefits of $(0.6 ) million, $(1.1 ) million, and $(1.9 ) million for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries approximate $22.8 million as of December 29, 2024. Those earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested; accordingly, no provision for U.S. federal and state income taxes has been provided thereon. Upon repatriation of those earnings, in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes, state and local income taxes, and withholding taxes payable to the foreign country. From a U.S. income tax perspective, however, the Company expects to claim a 100% dividends received deduction to offset any U.S. federal income tax liability on the undistributed earnings.
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Determination of the amount of unrecognized state and local tax liability is not practicable due to the complexities associated with its hypothetical calculation. Withholding taxes of approximately $1.1 million may be payable upon remittance of all previously unremitted earnings as of December 29, 2024.
Deferred income taxes reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount of the Company’s assets and liabilities, tax credits, and loss carryforwards. The significant components of deferred income taxes are as follows (in millions):
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Net operating losses | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for uncollectible accounts | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation | ||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation | ||||||||||||||
| Environmental reserve | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred transaction costs | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Capitalized research and development expenditures | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Total gross deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total net deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed assets and land | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Investments in partnerships | ( | |||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Deferred taxes are recorded as follows in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. federal net deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| U.S. state and local net deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign net deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign net deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. federal net deferred tax liabilities | ( | |||||||||||||
| U.S. federal net deferred tax liabilities | ( | |||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
93
The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets to determine the need for a valuation allowance, and to conclude whether it is more likely than not that those deferred income tax assets will be realized. Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to establish whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a valuation allowance of $1.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively, has been recorded against deferred tax assets related primarily to state net operating loss carryforwards the Company believes are more likely than not to expire unused. Activity within the tax valuation allowance for the periods was as follows (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Decrease in valuation allowance | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
As of December 29, 2024, the Company had available tax-effected state net operating loss carryforwards of $1.5 million and a tax-effected Canadian net operating loss of $0.5 million that generally expire at various dates through 2037 and 2044, respectively, if not utilized.
The Company recognizes the tax effects of uncertain tax positions only if such positions are more likely than not to be sustained based solely upon its technical merits at the reporting date. The Company refers to the difference between the tax benefit recognized in its financial statements and the tax benefit claimed in the income tax return as an unrecognized tax benefit. There was no expense or liability recorded for unrecognized tax benefits for each period presented. The Company does not expect that the unrecognized tax benefit will materially change over the next 12 months.
The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties, if any, associated with uncertain tax positions is to recognize interest within Interest and other non-operating expenses, and to recognize penalties as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. For each period presented, the Company had no
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, income tax in multiple state jurisdictions, and Canadian federal and provincial income tax with respect to its foreign subsidiaries. With limited exceptions, years prior to the 2021 Fiscal Year are no longer open to U.S. federal, state, and local examination by the taxing authorities.
Tax Equity Investment:
In November 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to become a limited partner in a tax-advantaged limited partnership for an interest in an approved qualified renewable energy project. This investment qualifies for the application of PAM, under which the Company amortized the initial cost of the investment, inclusive of the delayed equity contribution, in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits that were allocated to the Company. The net benefits of this investment, which are comprised of income tax credits and operating loss income tax benefits, net of investment amortization, were recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of Income tax expense. At December 29, 2024, the carrying value of the tax equity investment was $0.5 million and was recorded in on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which included an unfunded commitment of $4.4 million that was recorded in Accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The unfunded commitment is expected to be paid in the first quarter of 2025.
The following table presents the amounts recognized under PAM for income tax credits and other income tax benefits, as well as amortization of investment, the net effect of which is presented as a component of in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, for the year ended December 29, 2024 (in millions):
| December 29, 2024 | |||||
| Tax credits and other benefits recognized | $ | ( | |||
| Amortization of investment | $ | ||||
94
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is subject to certain claims and lawsuits that have been filed in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes the reasonably possible range of losses for these unresolved legal actions in addition to amounts accrued would not have a material effect on the Company’s assets and liabilities as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and sales, expenses, changes in equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023.
Environmental Liability
As part of the sale by LESCO of its manufacturing assets in 2005, the Company retained the environmental liability associated with those assets. Remediation activities can vary substantially in duration and cost, and it is difficult to develop precise estimates of future site remediation costs. The Company recorded in Other long-term liabilities the undiscounted cost estimate of future remediation efforts of $3.9 million and $3.9 million as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As part of the CD&R Acquisition, Deere agreed to pay the first $2.5 million of the liability and the Company’s exposure is capped at $2.4 million. The Company has recorded an indemnification asset in Other assets against the liability as a result of these actions of $1.5 million and $1.5 million as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Letters of Credit
As of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, outstanding letters of credit were $18.8 million and $14.3 million, respectively. There were no
Purchase Commitments
95
Note 11. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The Company computes basic EPS by dividing Net income (loss) attributable to SiteOne by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company includes vested RSUs, DSUs, and PSUs that have not been settled in common shares in the basic weighted average number of common shares calculation. The Company’s computation of diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, which include in-the-money outstanding stock options and RSUs. PSUs are excluded from the calculation of dilutive potential common shares until the performance conditions have been achieved on the basis of the assumption that the end of the reporting period was the end of the contingency period, if such shares issuable are dilutive. Using the treasury stock method, the effect of dilutive securities includes the additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding based on the assumption that these potentially dilutive securities had been issued. The treasury stock method assumes proceeds from the exercise price of stock options and the unamortized compensation expense of RSUs and stock options are used to repurchase common shares at the average market price during the period, thus reducing the dilutive effect. RSUs and stock options with assumed proceeds per unit above the Company’s average share price for the periods presented are excluded from the diluted EPS calculation because the effect is anti-dilutive.
The following table sets forth the computation of the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023:
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shares used in the computation of basic earnings per share | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||
| RSUs and PSUs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| DSUs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares used in the computation of diluted earnings per share | ||||||||||||||||||||
The diluted earnings per common share calculation for the years ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023 excluded the effect of 189,864 , 182,467 , and 262,510 potential shares of common stock, respectively, because the assumed exercises of a portion of the Company’s employee stock options and RSUs were anti-dilutive.
Note 12. Segment Information
The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s consolidated results represent the results of its one operating segment based on how the Company’s CODM, its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, views the business for purposes of evaluating performance and making operating decisions.
The CODM reviews financial information on a consolidated basis and uses the segment performance measure of consolidated Net income to assess financial performance of the Company and determine how to allocate resources of the Company as a whole. Consolidated Net income is used by the CODM to make key operating decisions, such as the determination of the rate at which the Company seeks to grow consolidated Net income and the allocation of budgets between the significant segment expenses within Cost of goods sold and Selling, general and administrative expenses. The CODM does not regularly review asset information and therefore, the Company does not report asset information beyond what is disclosed in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
96
The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment (in millions):
| For the year January 1, 2024 to December 29, 2024 | For the year January 2, 2023 to December 31, 2023 | For the year January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory costs, net of supplier incentives and discounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Freight, handling, and distribution expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other Cost of goods sold(a)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Facility expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Delivery expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other Selling, general and administrative expenses(c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other non-operating expenses, net | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
(a) Includes depreciation and amortization expenses of $7.1 million, $3.0 million, and zero for the periods ended December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, respectively.
(b) Primarily includes inventory production, obsolescence, and customer program expenses.
(c) Primarily includes professional and legal-related fees, credit card processing, information technology, marketing, and insurance expenses, partially offset by capitalization of overhead expenses.
Note 13. Subsequent Events
In January 2025, the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary, Devil Mountain, acquired the assets and assumed the liabilities of Pacific Nurseries, LLC (“Pacific Nurseries”). With one location in Colma, California, Pacific Nurseries is a wholesale distributor of nursery products to landscape professionals.
97
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended) as of December 29, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 29, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed at a reasonable assurance level and were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
•Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and
•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations which may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 29, 2024. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (“COSO”). Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 29, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was effective at a reasonable assurance level based on those criteria.
Under guidelines established by the SEC, companies are allowed to exclude an acquired business from management’s report on internal control over financial reporting for the first year subsequent to the acquisition while integrating the acquired operations. Accordingly, management has excluded Eggemeyer, Devil Mountain, Hardscape.com, Cohen & Cohen, Millican Nurseries, OakStreet, and Custom Stone from its annual report on internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2024. These excluded acquisitions collectively represented approximately 4% of the Company’s consolidated Total assets (excluding goodwill and intangible assets acquired in the transactions, which are included in management’s report on internal control over financial reporting) and approximately 2% of the Company’s consolidated Net sales as of and for the year ended December 29, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There are no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm has issued a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. This report appears below.
98
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 29, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 29, 2024, of the Company and our report dated February 20, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Eggemeyer, Devil Mountain, Hardscape.com, Cohen & Cohen, Millican Nurseries, OakStreet, and Custom Stone, which were acquired throughout the year, and whose financial statements constitute 4% of total assets and 2% of net income of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 29, 2024. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Eggemeyer, Devil Mountain, Hardscape.com, Cohen & Cohen, Millican Nurseries, OakStreet, and Custom Stone.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 20, 2025
99
Item 9B. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the three months ended December 29, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted , modified, or terminated
| Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Title | Action | Adoption Date | Expiration Date | Rule 10b5-1 | Non-Rule 10b5-1 | Aggregate # of Securities to be Purchased/Sold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chairman of the Board of Directors | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not Applicable.
100
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item for SiteOne will be set forth in SiteOne’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. SiteOne has omitted the information required by this Item pursuant to General Instruction I to the Form 10-K.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item for SiteOne will be set forth in SiteOne’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. SiteOne has omitted the information required by this Item pursuant to General Instruction I to the Form 10-K.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item for SiteOne will be set forth in SiteOne’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. SiteOne has omitted the information required by this Item pursuant to General Instruction I to the Form 10-K.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item for SiteOne will be set forth in SiteOne’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. SiteOne has omitted the information required by this Item pursuant to General Instruction I to the Form 10-K.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item for SiteOne will be set forth in SiteOne’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. SiteOne has omitted the information required by this Item pursuant to General Instruction I to the Form 10-K.
101
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a). Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits.
1. Financial Statements
Refer to Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statements Schedules
3. Exhibits
The exhibits filed with this report are listed on the Exhibit Index. Entries marked by the symbol † next to the exhibit’s number identify management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.
102
Exhibit Index
Note Regarding Reliance on Statements in Our Contracts: In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, please remember that they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about Holdings, its subsidiaries or affiliates, or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement; (iii) may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to investors; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about Holdings, its subsidiaries and affiliates may be found elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
103
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 3.1 | |||||
| 3.2 | |||||
| 4.1 | |||||
| 4.2* | |||||
| 10.1 | |||||
| 10.2 | |||||
| 10.3 | |||||
| 10.4 | |||||
| 10.5 | |||||
| 10.6 | |||||
| 10.7 | |||||
| 10.8 | |||||
| 10.9 | |||||
104
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 10.10 | |||||
| 10.10A | |||||
| 10.11 | |||||
| 10.12 | |||||
| 10.13† | |||||
| 10.14† | |||||
| 10.15† | |||||
| 10.16† | |||||
| 10.17† | |||||
| 10.18† | |||||
| 10.19† | |||||
| 10.20† | |||||
| 10.21† | |||||
| 10.22† | |||||
| 10.23† | |||||
| 10.24† | |||||
| 10.25† | |||||
| 10.26† | |||||
| 10.27† | |||||
| 10.28† | |||||
| 10.29 | |||||
105
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 10.30 | |||||
| 10.31 | |||||
| 10.32 | |||||
| 10.33 | |||||
| 10.34 | |||||
| 10.35† | |||||
| 10.36† | |||||
| 10.37† | |||||
| 10.38† | |||||
| 10.39† | |||||
| 10.40† | |||||
| 10.41 | |||||
| 10.42 | |||||
| 10.43† | |||||
| 10.44† | |||||
| 10.45† | |||||
| 10.46† | |||||
106
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 10.47† | |||||
| 10.48† | |||||
| 10.49† | |||||
| 10.50† | |||||
| 10.51† | |||||
| 10.52† | |||||
| 10.53 | |||||
| 10.54† | |||||
| 10.55 | |||||
| 10.56† | |||||
| 10.57† | |||||
| 10.58† | |||||
| 10.59† | |||||
| 10.60† | |||||
| 10.61 | |||||
| 10.62 | |||||
| 10.63† | |||||
| 10.64 | |||||
107
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 10.65† | |||||
| 10.66† | |||||
| 10.67† | |||||
| 10.68† | |||||
| 10.69† | |||||
| 10.70† | |||||
| 19.1* | |||||
| 21.1* | |||||
| 23.1* | |||||
| 31.1* | |||||
| 31.2* | |||||
| 32.1+ | |||||
| 32.2+ | |||||
| 97 | |||||
| 101* | The following audited financial information from this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2024 is formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Non-controlling Interest, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | ||||
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibit 101). | ||||
______________
* Filed herewith.
+ Furnished herewith.
† Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
108
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
109
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| SITEONE LANDSCAPE SUPPLY, INC. | ||||||||||||||
| (Registrant) | ||||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ John T. Guthrie | |||||||||||
| Name: | John T. Guthrie | |||||||||||||
Title: | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
110
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ Doug Black | |||||||||||
| Name: | Doug Black | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ John T. Guthrie | |||||||||||
| Name: | John T. Guthrie | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ Fred M. Diaz | |||||||||||
| Name: | Fred M. Diaz | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ William W. Douglas, III | |||||||||||
| Name: | William W. Douglas, III | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ Larisa J. Drake | |||||||||||
| Name: | Larisa J. Drake | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ W. Roy Dunbar | |||||||||||
| Name: | W. Roy Dunbar | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jeri L. Isbell | |||||||||||
| Name: | Jeri L. Isbell | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ Judith S. Sansone | |||||||||||
| Name: | Judith S. Sansone | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
| Date: | February 20, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jack L. Wyszomierski | |||||||||||
| Name: | Jack L. Wyszomierski | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Director | |||||||||||||
111
Schedule I - SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.’s Condensed Financial Statements
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Parent Company Only
Condensed Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share data)
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Investment in wholly-owned subsidiary | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax asset (Note 3) | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, par value $ | ||||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
112
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Parent Company Only
Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
(In millions)
| For the year | ||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2024 | January 2, 2023 | January 3, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| to December 29, 2024 | to December 31, 2023 | to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in Net income of subsidiary | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Income before taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to SiteOne | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
113
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
Parent Company Only
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)
| For the year | ||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2024 | January 2, 2023 | January 3, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| to December 29, 2024 | to December 31, 2023 | to January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to SiteOne | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile Net income attributable to SiteOne to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in Net income of subsidiary | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution received from subsidiary | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common shares | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
114
Notes to Condensed Parent Company Only Financial Statements
Note 1. Description of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (“Holdings” or the “Parent”) indirectly owns 100 % of the membership interest in SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC (“Landscape Holding” or “subsidiary”), which it acquired from Deere & Company on December 23, 2013 (the “Closing Date”) in exchange for its common stock initially representing 40 % of the outstanding capital stock (on an as-converted basis). In addition, Holdings issued cumulative convertible participating redeemable preferred stock (“Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock”) to Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC (“CD&R”) initially representing 60 % of its remaining outstanding capital stock (on an as-converted basis) (both events collectively referred to herein as the “CD&R Acquisition”). On May 2, 2016, Holdings paid a one-time special cash dividend to all existing stockholders as of April 29, 2016. CD&R received $112.4 million pursuant to its right to participate in all distributions to common stock on an as-converted basis, in accordance with its right as a preferred stockholder. On the day prior to the closing of the initial public offering, all of the then-outstanding Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock converted into shares of common stock, resulting in the issuance by Holdings of an additional 25,303,164 shares of common stock. On December 5, 2016, May 1, 2017, and July 26, 2017, Holdings completed secondary offerings of its common stock in which Deere and CD&R were the sole sellers. Following consummation of the secondary offering on July 26, 2017, CD&R and Deere no longer have an ownership interest in Holdings. Holdings has no significant operations or assets other than its indirect ownership of the equity of Landscape Holding. Accordingly, Holdings is dependent upon distributions from Landscape Holding to fund its obligations. However, under the terms of Landscape Holding’s credit agreements governing Landscape Holding’s ABL Facility and term loans, Landscape Holding’s ability to pay dividends or lend to Holdings is restricted. Landscape Holding has no obligation to pay dividends to Holdings except to pay specified amounts to Holdings in order to fund the payment of Holdings’ tax obligations.
Share Repurchase Program
On October 20, 2022, Holdings’ Board of Directors authorized Holdings to repurchase, at any time or from time to time, shares of Holdings’ common stock having an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $400.0 million pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan and/or pursuant to open market or accelerated share repurchase arrangements, tender offers, or privately negotiated transactions. The repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and may be amended, suspended, or terminated by Holdings’ Board of Directors at any time.
The following table summarizes the activity under the share repurchase program during the periods presented.
| Fiscal Year | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Amount Remaining (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
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Note 2. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Condensed Parent Company Only Financial Statements include Holdings’ amounts and its investment in wholly-owned subsidiary since the Closing Date under the equity method, and do not present the financial statements of Holdings and its wholly-owned subsidiary on a consolidated basis. Under the equity method, investment in subsidiary is stated at cost plus contributions and equity in undistributed income (loss) of subsidiary less distributions received since the date of acquisition. The condensed Parent Company Only Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements and their accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 3. Income Taxes
In connection with the CD&R Acquisition, transaction expenses of $9.8 million were recorded within the period ended December 29, 2013. Of the $9.8 million of total transaction expenses, $3.7 million of these expenses were not deductible for tax purposes and the remaining $6.1 million ($2.2 million tax-effected) were capitalized for tax purposes as a deferred tax asset. Amortization of the deferred tax asset for the years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $0.4 million ($0.0 million tax-effected) and $0.4 million ($0.1 million tax-effected), respectively, which gives rise to a net operating loss and current tax benefit that offsets the deferred tax expense by the same amount. As of December 29, 2024, the deferred tax asset related to these transaction expenses has a balance of $0.4 million.
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Exhibit 4.2
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
As of December 29, 2024, SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (the “Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) had one class of securities, our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our common stock is listed on New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SITE.”
The following summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Charter”) and our Third Amended and Restated By-laws (“By-laws”), as each may be amended from time to time.
General
The Company has the authority to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of February 14, 2025, there were 44,964,924 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding,
Common Stock
Holders of common stock are entitled:
•to cast one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders;
•to receive, on a pro rata basis, dividends and distributions, if any, that our board of directors may declare out of legally available funds, subject to preferences that may be applicable to preferred stock, if any, then outstanding; and
•upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, to share equally and ratably in any assets remaining after the payment of all debt and other liabilities, subject to the prior rights, if any, of holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is subject to our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to us, which is in turn subject to the restrictions set forth in the agreements that govern our indebtedness.
The holders of our common stock do not have any preemptive, cumulative voting, subscription, conversion, redemption or sinking fund rights. The common stock is not subject to future calls or assessments by us. The rights and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to any series of preferred stock that we may issue in the future.
Annual Stockholders Meeting
Our By-laws provide that annual stockholder meetings will be held at a date, time and place, if any, as exclusively selected by our board of directors. To the extent permitted under applicable law, we may conduct meetings by remote communications, including by webcast.
Voting
The affirmative vote of a plurality of the shares of our common stock present, in person or by proxy, at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors will decide the election of any directors, and the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present, in person or by proxy, at the meeting and entitled to vote at any annual or special meeting of stockholders will decide all other matters voted on by stockholders, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of law, under our Charter, or under our By-laws, a different vote is required, in which case such provision will control.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws
The provisions of our Charter and By-laws summarized below may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that you might consider in your best interest, including an attempt that might result in your receipt of a premium over the market price for your shares. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors, which could result in an improvement of their terms.
Authorized but Unissued Shares of Common Stock. Shares of our authorized and unissued common stock are available for future issuances without additional stockholder approval. While the additional shares are not designed to deter or prevent a change of control, under some circumstances we could use the additional shares to create voting impediments or to frustrate persons seeking to effect a takeover or otherwise gain control by, for example, issuing those shares in private placements to purchasers who might side with our board of directors in opposing a hostile takeover bid.
Authorized but Unissued Shares of Preferred Stock. Under our Charter, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the voting powers, designations, preferences and the relative participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each series, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series. The existence of authorized but unissued preferred stock could reduce our attractiveness as a target for an unsolicited takeover bid since we could, for example, issue shares of preferred stock to parties who might oppose such a takeover bid or shares that contain terms the potential acquiror may find unattractive. This may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control, may discourage bids for the common stock at a premium over the market price of the common stock, and may adversely affect the market price of, and the voting and other rights of the holders of, our common stock.
Classified Board of Directors. In accordance with the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with members of each class serving staggered three-year terms. Under our Charter, our board of directors consists of such number of directors as may be determined from time to time by resolution of the board of directors, but in no event may the number of directors be less than one. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors. Our Charter also provides that any vacancy on our board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of our directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any director elected to fill a vacancy will hold office until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. Our classified board of directors could have the effect of delaying or discouraging an acquisition of us or a change in our management.
Removal of Directors. Our Charter provides that directors may be removed only for cause upon the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Special Meetings of Stockholders. Our Charter provides that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the Chairman of our board of directors or by a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors. Stockholders are not permitted to call a special meeting of stockholders.
Stockholder Advance Notice Procedure. Our By-laws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholders to make nominations of candidates for election as directors or to bring other business before an annual meeting of our stockholders. The By-laws provide that any stockholder wishing to nominate persons for election as directors at, or bring other business before, an annual meeting must deliver to our corporate secretary a written notice of the stockholder’s intention to do so. These provisions may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed. We expect that these provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company. To be timely, the stockholder’s notice must be delivered to our corporate secretary at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days before the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is set for a date that is more than 30 days before or more than 70 days after the first anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to our corporate secretary (x) not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the meeting or (y) no later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which a public announcement of the date of the meeting is first made by us.
No Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Our Charter provides that stockholder action may be taken only at an annual meeting or special meeting of stockholders.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification
Our Charter contains provisions permitted under the DGCL relating to the liability of directors and officers. These provisions eliminate a director’s or officer’s personal liability for monetary damages resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty, except in circumstances involving:
•any breach of the director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty;
•acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law;
•for directors only, Section 174 of the DGCL (unlawful dividends);
•any transaction from which the director or officer derives an improper personal benefit; or
•for officers only, in any action by or in the right of the Company.
The principal effect of the limitation on liability provision is that a stockholder will be unable to prosecute an action for monetary damages against a director or officer unless the stockholder can demonstrate a basis for liability for which indemnification is not available under the DGCL. These provisions, however, should not limit or eliminate our rights or any stockholder’s rights to seek non-monetary relief, such as an injunction or rescission, in the event of a breach of a director’s or officer’s fiduciary duty. These provisions do not alter a director’s or officer’s liability under federal securities laws. The inclusion of this provision in our Charter may discourage or deter stockholders or management from bringing a lawsuit against directors or officers for a breach of their fiduciary duties, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise have benefited us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
Our Charter and our By-laws require us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors and officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL and other applicable law, except in the case of a proceeding instituted by the director without the approval of our board of directors. Our Charter and our By-laws provide that we are required to indemnify our directors and executive officers, to the fullest extent permitted by law, for all judgments, fines, settlements, legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with pending or threatened legal proceedings because of the director’s or officer’s positions with us or another entity that the director or officer serves at our request, subject to various conditions, and to advance funds to our directors and officers to enable them to defend against such proceedings. To receive indemnification, the director or officer must have been successful in the legal proceeding or have acted in good faith and in what was reasonably believed to be a lawful manner in our best interest and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, have had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 203 of Delaware General Corporation Law
The Company is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“Section 203”), an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date such person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination or the transaction in which such person became an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person that, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock.
Choice of Forum
Our Charter provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to us or our stockholders by any of our directors, officers, other employees, agents or stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising out of or under the DGCL or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (including, without limitation, any action asserting a claim arising out of or pursuant to our Charter or our By-laws) or (iv) any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. By becoming a stockholder in our company, you will be deemed to have notice of and have consented to the provisions of our Charter related to choice of forum.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.
EXHIBIT 19.1
SITEONE SECURITIES LAWS POLICY
Overview:
SiteOne’s Securities Laws Policy summarizes the restrictions on securities transactions and disclosures to members of the investment community. These restrictions are imposed by federal securities laws and the policies of SiteOne and its subsidiaries regarding transactions in publicly- traded securities and public disclosures about or affecting SiteOne.
Date Posted:
May 12, 2016; November 8, 2017; August 13, 2019; January 21, 2021; February 13, 2025
Who to Contact:
For questions regarding this Policy please see the For More Information section located on the last page.
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SITEONE SECURITIES LAWS POLICY
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Insider Trading Policy 1
Restrictions Under the Federal Securities Laws 1
SiteOne Restrictions Applicable to All SiteOne Personnel 2
SiteOne Restrictions Applicable to Directors, Executive Officers and Designated Associates 3
SiteOne Restrictions Applicable to Directors and Executive Officers 3
Use of Brokers by Section 16 Insiders 4
Restrictions on Hedging and Derivative Transactions 5
Post-Termination Transactions 5
Investor Relations Disclosure and Communication Policy 5
Requirements Under the Federal Securities Laws 5
SiteOne Securities Laws Policy Implementation Guidelines 7
Insider Trading Policy Guidelines 7
Investor Relations Communication Policy Guidelines 11
For More Information 13
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SITEONE SECURITIES LAWS POLICY
Introduction
SiteOne is dedicated to conducting itself with integrity in all matters, including compliance with the federal securities laws. This Securities Laws Policy sets forth summaries of the restrictions on securities transactions and disclosures to members of the investment community imposed by the federal securities laws and the policies of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc., its affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “SiteOne” or the “Company”) regarding transactions in publicly-traded securities and public disclosures about or affecting SiteOne.
The Securities Laws Policy applies to all directors, associates (employees), and independent contractors, advisors and consultants employed or engaged by SiteOne (collectively referred to as “SiteOne Personnel”). The purpose of this policy is to protect SiteOne Personnel and SiteOne from legal liability and to safeguard SiteOne’s reputation for integrity. As a result, the policy and procedures implemented under this policy are designed not only to prevent violations of the securities laws and protect SiteOne Personnel, but also to avoid any appearance of impropriety arising from securities transactions and disclosures by SiteOne Personnel. Violations of this policy may result in severe sanctions, up to and including termination of employment or other relationship with SiteOne.
Insider Trading Policy Restrictions Under the Federal Securities Laws
The antifraud provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) impose certain restrictions on all persons with respect to trading in securities. More specifically, these provisions prohibit trading on the basis of material non-public information relating to such securities in breach of a duty of trust or confidence to the company issuing the securities (such as a breach of a confidentiality agreement or the terms and conditions of employment), the company’s stockholders, or another person or company that is the source of the material non-public information.
Trading “on the basis of material non-public information” generally means making a purchase or sale while aware of material non-public information, unless the purchase or sale is contracted for or arranged prior to becoming aware of material non-public information and in a manner that does not permit any subsequent exercise of influence over how, when or whether to effect the purchase or sale. In addition, the federal securities laws prohibit the disclosure of material non-public information to enable another person to trade on the basis of that information.
The term “trading” refers to all purchases and sales and the term “securities” includes not only common stock, but also preferred stock, bonds, notes, options, warrants, puts, calls, and other equity and debt instruments. “Material non-public information” is information that is not available to the general public relating to a company, its business operations or securities, which would
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likely affect the market price of any of its securities, would be considered important by a reasonable investor in determining whether to buy, sell or hold the company’s securities, or would significantly alter the total mix of information publicly available about the company. Examples of this kind of information include, among many other things, sales and earnings estimates or results, EBITDA, the number of locations projected to be opened, plans for expansion into new markets, details of merger and acquisition activity, internal financial reports, developments in significant litigation and senior management changes. Trading on the basis of material non-public information and improperly disclosing that information to others who may trade on the basis of the information are commonly known as “insider trading” and “tipping,” respectively. In general, you should assume that all information about SiteOne that you receive from any source (whether in the course of your service to SiteOne or otherwise) is “non-public” unless you are certain that the information has been publicly disclosed for at least two (2) business days.
In addition to the general prohibitions against insider trading and tipping, the federal securities laws specifically prohibit directors, officers, and owners of ten percent (10%) or more of a publicly-traded company from engaging in securities transactions that are only profitable if the price of the company’s securities declines. These “short sales” create a conflict of interest for individuals who have a duty to act in a manner that they reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the issuing company. Insider trading and tipping by SiteOne Personnel may result in substantial liability to SiteOne and criminal and civil liability for the individual involved. Accordingly, it is SiteOne’s policy to prohibit SiteOne Personnel from trading on the basis of or improperly disclosing, material non-public information and to prohibit short sales of SiteOne’s securities by directors, officers and owners of ten percent (10%) or more of SiteOne’s equity securities. This policy extends to trading of any securities in which SiteOne Personnel have a “beneficial” or pecuniary interest, including purchases or sales of securities held by or for the benefit of a spouse, domestic partner, or children living in the household, and securities held by other entities that SiteOne Personnel control, such as corporations, partnerships and trusts.
SiteOne Restrictions Applicable to All SiteOne Personnel
To assist SiteOne Personnel in complying with the federal securities laws, it is SiteOne’s policy that all SiteOne Personnel are required to refrain from trading in the securities of SiteOne or any other company on the basis of material non-public information relating to SiteOne or that other company that was obtained in the course of providing services to or employment with SiteOne and has not been available to the public for at least two (2) business days. Information is generally considered to be “available to the public” if it has been disclosed in a nationally distributed press release, included in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or other governmental agency that makes such information available to the public or disclosed through another method that is designed to provide broad non-exclusionary distribution of the information to the public. As noted above, you should assume that all information about SiteOne that you receive from any source (whether in the course of your service to SiteOne or otherwise) is “non-public” unless you are certain that the information has been publicly disclosed for at least two
(2)business days.
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In addition, SiteOne Personnel may not disclose material information relating to SiteOne or any other company that was obtained in the course of providing services to or employment with SiteOne to any other person, except when that other person needs to know the information in order for SiteOne to effectively conduct business, and there is no reason to believe that the information will be used for improper trading or inappropriately disclosed by that person until the information has been available to the public for at least two (2) business days. Under no circumstances may SiteOne Personnel recommend or suggest to another person that he or she buy, sell or hold securities of SiteOne on the basis of material non-public information. SiteOne Personnel should, in general, avoid discussing SiteOne business with non-SiteOne Personnel, including suggestions or recommendations related to SiteOne’s securities.
SiteOne Restrictions Applicable to Directors, Executive Officers and Designated Associates
In addition to the general restriction applicable to all SiteOne Personnel set forth above, SiteOne’s policy prohibits members of the Board of Directors, Executive Officers (as defined below), and Designated Associates (as defined in the attached guidelines) from trading in SiteOne’s securities, except during “window periods” or pursuant to a written trading plan (a “10b5-1 Plan”) approved by the General Counsel. A window period is generally the period beginning two (2) business days after the issuance of a press release regarding quarterly or annual earnings and ending the last day of the second (2nd) fiscal month of each fiscal quarter, although the General Counsel and Chief Financial Officer may, in their discretion, extend, reduce or otherwise modify the window periods. SiteOne may impose additional blackout periods affecting all or some of the directors, Executive Officers, and Designated Associates in connection with certain pension fund blackouts or as a result of business developments. During these blackout periods, no purchases or sales of SiteOne’s securities may be made. SiteOne will provide appropriate notice of any additional blackout periods.
SiteOne Restrictions Applicable to Directors and Executive Officers
Pre-Clearance
In addition to the general restrictions applicable to all SiteOne Personnel set forth above, executive officers who are subject to the reporting requirements under Section 16 of the Exchange Act (“Executive Officers”) and members of the Board of Directors (members of the Board of Directors and the Executive Officers, collectively, the “Section 16 Insiders”) are required to obtain pre- clearance of all transactions in or affecting SiteOne’s securities (including not only purchases and sales, but also gifts and other types of transfers) from the General Counsel of SiteOne or the General Counsel’s designee.
To obtain pre-clearance for transactions, directors and Executive Officers must provide the General Counsel or the General Counsel’s designee with information regarding the proposed trade or transfer, including the type of transaction and the number of securities, no later than one (1) business day prior to the date on which the transaction is proposed. The General Counsel or the General Counsel’s designee will seek to either clear the trade or decline approval of the transaction
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within one (1) business day. The fact that the General Counsel or the General Counsel’s designee has declined to pre-clear a proposed trade is confidential information and should only be disclosed on a “need to know” basis to persons who have an obligation to maintain confidential information. If the General Counsel or the General Counsel’s designee approves a proposed transaction, that transaction must be effected on the proposed transaction date or within the following two (2) business days or the pre-clearance expires. However, if the director or Executive Officer becomes aware of material non-public information before the approved transaction is executed, that person should not effect the transaction. Within one (1) business day following a pre-cleared transaction, the director or Executive Officer must provide details of the transaction to the General Counsel or his designee.
Directors and Executive Officers, just like all other SiteOne Personnel, are cautioned that the ultimate responsibility for determining whether they possess material non-public information rests with each of them individually. Accordingly, approval of a particular transaction under the pre- clearance procedure will not necessarily insulate any director or Executive Officer from liability under the federal securities laws.
The General Counsel or the General Counsel’s designee may consider a broad range of factors in determining whether to clear or prohibit a proposed transaction, including material business developments known and not yet known to the director or Executive Officer wishing to trade and the timing of other events or announcements.
Restrictions on Margin Accounts and Pledged Securities
Directors and Executive Officers are also prohibited from holding SiteOne securities in a margin account or otherwise pledging SiteOne securities as collateral for a loan.
Use of Brokers by Section 16 Insiders
We have worked out a coordinated procedure with a broker (the “Coordinating Broker”), whose contact information can be obtained from the General Counsel. Those Section 16 Insiders who are not currently using the Coordinating Broker as their broker are encouraged to enter all their transactions in equity of the Company or its affiliates through the Coordinating Broker. (The Coordinating Broker will not seek to reinvest the funds from these transactions or seek any of your other securities business.)
Whether Section 16 Insiders choose to utilize the Coordinating Broker or their own broker, we require that Section 16 Insiders and their brokers sign a Broker Instruction/Representation Form attached as Exhibit A to this Policy, which imposes two requirements on the broker handling transactions by Section 16 Insiders in equity of the Company or its affiliates:
1.To not enter any order (except for orders under pre-approved Rule 10b5-1 plans) without
(a)first verifying with the Company that the transaction was pre-cleared; and
(b)complying with the brokerage firm’s compliance procedures.
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2.To report immediately (i.e., not later than the close of business on the relevant trade date) to the Company via
(a)telephone and
(b)in writing (via e-mail or fax) the details of every transaction involving equity of the Company or its affiliates including gifts, transfers, pledges, and all 10b5-1 transactions.
Section 16 Insiders should promptly return the executed Broker Instruction/ Representation Form to us so that we can establish a coordinated procedure with their brokers.
Restrictions on Hedging and Derivative Transactions
Directors, Executive Officers and all other SiteOne Personnel are prohibited from entering into hedging or monetization transactions designed to limit the financial risk of ownership of SiteOne securities. These include prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, exchange funds and other similar transactions, as well as speculative transactions in derivatives of SiteOne’s securities, such as puts, calls, options (other than those granted under a SiteOne compensation plan) or other derivatives.
Post-Termination Transactions
This Policy continues to apply to your transactions in (A) securities of the Company or its subsidiaries or (B) securities of another company if you have obtained material non-public information about such company in the course of your employment by or relationship with the Company, even after you are no longer employed by the Company. If you are in possession of material non-public information when your employment terminates, you may not trade in such securities until that information has become public or is no longer material.
Investor Relations Disclosure and Communication Policy
Requirements Under the Federal Securities Laws
Regulation Fair Disclosure or “Regulation FD” requires simultaneous public disclosure of any material non-public information that is communicated by a publicly-traded company or any person acting on its behalf to a broker or dealer, investment advisor, institutional investment manager, or any person associated with such persons (the “investment community”), or to a holder of the company’s securities under circumstances in which it is reasonably foreseeable that the person will purchase or sell the company’s securities on the basis of the information, except in limited circumstances in which the recipient has an obligation to keep the information confidential. The public disclosure required is a filing with the SEC, the issuance of a press release or other disclosure through a method that is designed to provide broad non-exclusionary distribution of the information to the public. Regulation FD is designed to promote dissemination of material non- public information to the public at the same time and to prevent selective disclosure of important information to members of the investment community.
To ensure SiteOne’s compliance with Regulation FD and to promote consistent, accurate, and timely communications to all investors, it is SiteOne’s policy that material non-public information about SiteOne may only be disclosed with the approval of the Company’s General
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Counsel. In addition, only those persons designated by Company Senior Management as spokespersons may speak on behalf of SiteOne with members of the investment community or security holders who might trade on the basis of the information provided. Also, unless specifically authorized by the General Counsel, SiteOne Personnel are prohibited from discussing non-public information about SiteOne with the media or disclosing non-public information about SiteOne in other public forums.
SiteOne Personnel who unintentionally or inadvertently disclose information they believe may constitute material non-public information about SiteOne are required to contact the General Counsel immediately so that SiteOne can determine if any corrective measures need to be taken.
ANYONE IN DOUBT ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF SITEONE SECURITIES LAWS POLICY MUST CONSULT WITH AND SEEK THE APPROVAL OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL (OR HIS OR HER DESIGNEE) BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH ANY TRANSACTION INVOLVING THE SECURITIES OF SITEONE OR OTHER COMPANIES COVERED BY THIS POLICY AND BEFORE DISCLOSING INFORMATION CONCERNING SITEONE OR OTHER COMPANIES COVERED BY THIS POLICY. A VIOLATION OF THE SECURITIES LAWS POLICY MAY RESULT IN SEVERE SANCTIONS, UP TO AND INCLUDING TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR OTHER RELATIONSHIP WITH SITEONE.
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SiteOne Securities Laws Policy Implementation Guidelines
Insider Trading Policy Guidelines
Who is a Designated Associate?
A Designated Associate for purposes of this policy includes (1) every Vice President and more senior officer of SiteOne and (2) as more fully described below, each individual who is expressly determined to be a Designated Associate and whose name is listed on the Designated Associate List maintained by the Legal Department.
If you are not a Vice President or more senior officer, a Vice President or more senior officer of SiteOne can designate you as a Designated Associate. While the officer making this determination may consider such factors as he or she considers prudent under the circumstances, Designated Associates generally are associates who have primary (rather than incidental or infrequent) job responsibilities that include significant access to, knowledge of, and involvement in circumstances that constitute non-public information that is material to SiteOne as a whole. If for any reason you believe you fall within the criteria described above but you have not been designated as a Designated Associate, you should contact your supervisor to discuss your situation.
How do I know if I am a Designated Associate?
If you are a Vice President or more senior officer of SiteOne, you are a Designated Associate. For all other SiteOne associates, as described above, a Vice President or more senior officer must have expressly designated you as a Designated Associate. In this case, you will be formally notified of the designation, and your name will be added to the Designated Associate List. To the extent you have not already done so, you will also be asked to sign a certification stating that you have read this policy and that you understand your obligations as a Designated Associate.
Does this policy apply only to SiteOne’s securities?
No, our policy prohibits the trading of securities of any company if you are aware of material non- public information about (or possibly affecting) that company obtained in the course of providing services to or employment with SiteOne. This includes, but is not limited to, companies with which SiteOne does business.
What is material non-public information?
Material non-public information is confidential information that is not available to the public relating to a company, its business operations, or securities, which would be likely to affect the market price of any of its securities, would be considered important by a reasonable investor in determining whether to buy, sell, or hold the company’s securities or would significantly alter the total mix of information publicly available about the company. Material information about a company can be positive or negative. Examples of material information may include, but are not limited to:
•earnings, EBITDA, revenues or other financial information;
Posted: February 13, 2025 | ||
•financial forecasts of any kind, particularly our ability to meet previous SiteOne forecasts and the investment community’s estimates;
•business conditions, including sales volumes, margins and conditions affecting our industry;
•potential mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, joint ventures or changes in assets;
•introduction of significant new products or services or developments with respect to existing products and services;
•developments regarding customers or suppliers, including the gain or loss of customers or suppliers;
•business development initiatives and strategies;
•changes in the control or management of SiteOne;
•change in auditors or auditor notification that SiteOne may no longer rely on an auditor’s audit report;
•changes in critical accounting policies or practices;
•borrowing activities or liquidity problems;
•events related to our securities (e.g., stock splits, calls for redemption, dividend changes, securities offerings or share repurchases);
•major litigation or regulatory matters; and
•changes in long-term debt ratings.
Whether information is material in a given situation is determined with the benefit of “20-20” hindsight. If you have any doubts, you should presume that information pertaining to SiteOne or any other company is material and not public.
How do I act to avoid tipping someone about material non-public information?
You should be careful to ensure that all material non-public information about SiteOne remains confidential. To be sure you do not tip someone:
•only tell material non-public information to other associates on a “need to know” basis for authorized SiteOne business purposes;
Posted: February 13, 2025 | ||
•mark material non-public information “Confidential” so that everyone knows that it should be kept confidential and keep the information somewhere not generally accessible to others;
•refer questions about SiteOne from the media to Shannon Versaggi, SVP – Chief Marketing Officer and from investors or financial analysts to Scott Salmon, EVP - Strategy and Development;
•never discuss SiteOne in an internet chat room, on a social media site or on a non- company website;
•never give trading advice of any kind to anyone concerning SiteOne securities; and
•never discuss material non-public information in public areas where others could overhear it, such as such as elevators, hallways, lobbies, restrooms and public transportation facilities.
SiteOne Personnel should, in general, avoid discussing SiteOne business with non-SiteOne Personnel, including suggestions or recommendations related to SiteOne’s securities.
What are the penalties for violating the insider trading laws?
Potential penalties for an insider trading violation include (1) imprisonment of up to 20 years, (2) a criminal fine of up to $5 million (no matter how small the profit gained or loss avoided), and
(3)civil penalties of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided. If SiteOne fails to take appropriate steps to prevent illegal insider trading, SiteOne may have “control person” liability for trading violations, with a criminal penalty of up to $25 million and civil penalties of up to the greater of $1 million or the profit gained or loss avoided. The civil penalties can extend personal liability to SiteOne’s directors, officers, and other supervisory personnel if they fail to take appropriate steps to prevent insider trading.
Any SiteOne Personnel found by SiteOne to have violated the securities laws (whether or not prosecuted or sued by any government authority or private party) or to have violated this policy will be subject to dismissal or other sanctions and to possible claims by SiteOne for damages sustained by reason of their activities.
May I always trade within the window period?
Not if you have material non-public information. While you can usually trade during open window periods because material information about SiteOne has been publicly disclosed through the earnings release made before the window period began, you may never trade on the basis of material non-public information. Additionally, members of the Board of Directors and Executive Officers must pre-clear all transactions in or affecting the securities of SiteOne through the General Counsel or his or her designee.
Are charitable or other gifts of SiteOne securities covered under the policy?
Posted: February 13, 2025 | ||
Charitable or other bona fide gifts of SiteOne securities are subject to all restrictions of the policy, including the pre-clearance requirements for members of the Board of Directors and Executive Officers.
Does the policy apply to charitable trusts and foundations and other civic organizations if I serve as an officer, director, trustee, etc. of such trust or foundation?
The policy applies to any organization that is your “affiliate.” An organization is your affiliate if you or any member of your immediate family (living in your house) exercises control over the organization’s decision to engage in any transaction in securities or has a monetary interest in the securities held by the organization. For example, a family charitable foundation (where you are the trustee) would be your affiliate because you decide whether the foundation engages in any transaction in Company securities. In this circumstance, particularly if you are a Designated Associate, you should avoid participating in decisions about Company securities (and you may even want to cause the foundation to avoid Company securities altogether) to prevent the foundation from having to comply with trading window restrictions.
Does the policy apply to the exercise of stock options when the exercise price is paid with a portion of the option shares?
Yes, this is called a cashless exercise. In a cashless exercise, your broker exercises your stock options and sells in the open market enough of the shares acquired on exercise to pay your exercise price. The broker then credits your account with the balance of shares. Because this involves a sale, this type of transaction is covered under the policy.
Does the policy cover the exercise of stock options when the exercise price is paid by retiring previously acquired stock?
No, this type of transaction is not restricted by the policy. In this case, you pay the exercise price by delivering to SiteOne shares of SiteOne stock that you already own. Then you receive all of the option shares but do not sell any. Because there is no public sale of SiteOne stock, the policy does not apply in this situation.
Does the policy apply to the exercise of stock options when the exercise price is paid in cash? No, in this case you exercise the option, receive all of the option shares and pay the exercise price in cash. Because there is no public sale of SiteOne stock, the policy does not apply in this situation.
Does the policy apply to transactions in the SiteOne Stock Fund under the Company’s 401(k) plan?
Yes, the following transactions are subject to the provisions of this policy:
•An election to transfer an existing balance from another fund into the SiteOne Stock Fund;
•A transfer of an amount in the SiteOne Stock Fund to another account within the 401(k);
Posted: February 13, 2025 | ||
•Taking a loan out from your 401(k) balance that decreases the balance in your SiteOne Stock Fund account; and
•An election to change the amount of your 401(k) contributions allocated to the SiteOne Stock Fund.
Note, however, that the purchases of SiteOne stock within the 401(k) plan resulting from periodic contributions of funds to the plan pursuant to payroll deduction elections are not restricted by this policy.
Can I buy or sell shares using a limit order?
Yes, but you should be careful. If, for example, the trading window is open and you instruct your broker to sell shares at “$30 per share good ‘til canceled” and the trade executes after the window closes, then you have violated the policy. Under these circumstances, you should have, instead, instructed your broker to sell shares at “$30 per share good ‘til canceled” but ensure that you cancel the trade prior to the window closing. You should not rely on the broker or a Company vendor (such as the transfer agent) to prevent you from trading while the window is closed. Note also that if you are an Executive Officer or a member of the Board of Directors and your transaction is not completed within two (2) days of your proposed transaction date, you should obtain pre-clearance again.
Does the policy prohibit using SiteOne securities as collateral?
The policy prohibits Directors and Executive Officers from using SiteOne securities as collateral. This means that Directors and Executive Officers may not open margin accounts using SiteOne stock as collateral, and may also not pledge SiteOne stock as collateral in connection with a loan. The policy does not prohibit other SiteOne Personnel from using SiteOne securities as collateral. Securities held in a margin account as collateral for a margin loan may be sold by the broker without the customer’s consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged (or hypothecated) as collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan. A margin sale or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the pledgor is aware of material non-public information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in SiteOne securities. Directors, Executive Officers and all other SiteOne Personnel are prohibited from holding SiteOne securities in a margin account or otherwise pledging SiteOne securities as collateral for a loan. All other SiteOne Personnel should exercise caution in holding SiteOne securities in a margin account or pledging SiteOne securities as collateral for a loan. A margin or foreclosure sale that occurs when you are in possession of material non-public information may, in some circumstances, result in unlawful insider trading.
Investor Relations Communication Policy Guidelines
Can associates answer questions or respond to requests for information from SiteOne’s stockholders or from members of the investment community?
No. Requests for information or questions, whether from stockholders or members of the investment community, should be answered only by Scott Salmon, EVP – Strategy and Development or an authorized SiteOne spokesperson.
When is information considered public?
Posted: February 13, 2025 | ||
Information is considered to be public after it has been disclosed for two (2) business days following a nationally-distributed press release, included in a filing with the SEC or other governmental agency that makes the information available to the public, or disclosed through another method that is designed to provide broad non-exclusionary distribution of the information.
Posted: February 13, 2025 | ||
For More Information
If you have a question about the Securities Laws Policy or the application of such policy to a particular situation, please contact Briley Brisendine, General Counsel, at (470) 277-7167.
If you observe potential violations, please (i) talk to your manager, (ii) contact the General Counsel at (470) 277-7167, or by e-mail at bbrisendine@siteone.com, or (iii) call the Company’s Compliance and Ethics Hotline at 1-844-650-0008 (English) or 1-800-216-1288 (Spanish).
Posted: February [•], 2025 | ||
Exhibit A
BROKER INSTRUCTION/REPRESENTATION
TO: [Broker] FROM: [Your Name]
RE: Pre-clearance Procedure for All Transactions, Including Transfers, etc. involving securities of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.
In order to comply with the two-day filing requirement for officers and directors and others (including family members) subject to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (the “Company”) has instituted compliance procedures that require you to sign this form and immediately return it to the Company.
1.I authorize the Company and you, my securities broker, to implement procedures for reporting to the Company all my transactions (including those of my family members and other entities attributable to me under Section 16) involving Company equity, including transfers such as gifts, pledges, hedges, etc., and other changes in beneficial ownership.
2.Prior to executing any instruction (other than pursuant to any Rule 10b5-1 pre-approved plan) from me involving Company equity, you agree that you will verify with the Company that my proposed order instruction has been approved. You also agree to adhere to your brokerage firm’s Rule 144 procedures and all other relevant compliance procedures.
3.Immediately upon execution of any transaction or instruction involving Company equity (including Rule 10b5-1 transactions), you agree to provide all the details of the transaction to the Company, both
a)by telephone and
b)in writing (by fax or e-mail).
Thank you.
Posted: February [•], 2025 | ||
By: (Section 16 Insider) | ||
Print Name: | ||
I agree to comply with all the above procedures. | ||
By: Broker Print Name: Brokerage Firm Name: Address: Phone: E-Mail: Fax No.: By: Branch Manager Print Name: | ||
Please immediately complete, sign and PDF this form to Briley Brisendine at bbrisendine@siteone.com or by fax at (470) 277-7478. In addition, please mail a copy to SiteOne Landscape Supply, 300 Colonial Center Parkway, Suite 600, Roswell, GA 30076.
Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES OF SITEONE LANDSCAPE SUPPLY, INC.
As of the date of this filing, SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. has the following subsidiaries:
| Entity Name | Jurisdiction of Formation | ||||
| SiteOne Landscape Supply Midco, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| SiteOne Landscape Supply Bidco, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| SiteOne Landscape Supply Holding, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| SiteOne Landscape Supply, LLC | Delaware | ||||
SiteOne Services, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| SiteOne Landscape Supply, Ltd. | Ontario, Canada | ||||
| LESCO, Inc. | Ohio | ||||
| Green Resource, LLC | North Carolina | ||||
| GR4, LLC | North Carolina | ||||
| Hydro-Scape Products, Inc. | California | ||||
| Bissett Equipment Corp. | New York | ||||
| American Builders Supply, Inc. | California | ||||
| ABS Logistics LLC | Nevada | ||||
| MasonryClub, Inc. | California | ||||
| Canoga Masonry Supply, Inc. | California | ||||
| Atlantic Irrigation Specialties, Inc. | New York | ||||
| Atlantic Irrigation South, LLC | North Carolina | ||||
| Atlantic Irrigation of Canada Inc. | Ontario, Canada | ||||
| Sprinklersupplystore.com LLC (50% owned) | Delaware | ||||
| Auto-Rain Supply, Inc. | Washington | ||||
| LandscapeXpress, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| LandscapeXpress, Inc. | Massachusetts | ||||
| Koppco, Inc. | Missouri | ||||
| Kirkwood Material Supply, Inc. | Missouri | ||||
| The Dirt Doctors, LLC | New Hampshire | ||||
| Zaren Leasing, LLC | New Hampshire | ||||
| Modern Builders Supply, Inc. | California | ||||
Timberwall Landscape & Masonry Products, Inc | Minnesota | ||||
Rodvold Enterprises, Inc. | California | ||||
| J K Enterprise, Inc. | Virginia | ||||
| Culpeper Recycling Hauling LLC | Virginia | ||||
| Culpeper Recycling Transport LLC | Virginia | ||||
| Gateway Home & Garden Center, LLC | Virginia | ||||
| JK Enterprise Landscape Supply, Limited Liability Company | Virginia | ||||
| Madera Farm Transport, LLC | Virginia | ||||
| Entity Name | Jurisdiction of Formation | ||||
| Saunders LS, LLC | Virginia | ||||
| Tilden Farm Nursery, LLC | Maryland | ||||
| A&A Stepping Stone Manufacturing, Inc. | California | ||||
| Whittlesey Landscape Supplies and Recycling, Inc. | Texas | ||||
| Pioneer Landscape Centers, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| Grand Materials and Supply, LLC | Arizona | ||||
| Pioneer Sand Company, LLC | Colorado | ||||
| Pioneer Landscaping Materials, LLC | Arizona | ||||
| Pioneer Decorative Stone Co., LLC | Arizona | ||||
| Pioneer Trucking, L.L.C. | Arizona | ||||
| Pioneer GX LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Devil Mountain Wholesale Nursery, LLC (75% owned) | California | ||||
Devil Mountain Tree Company, LLC(1) | California | ||||
Landscape Plant Source LLC(1) | California | ||||
______________
(1) Wholly owned subsidiary of Devil Mountain Wholesale Nursery, LLC
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-211422, 333-221464, and 333-238527 on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 20, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. and subsidiaries (“the Company”) and the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. for the year ended December 29, 2024.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 20, 2025
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT, AS AMENDED,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Doug Black, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 20, 2025
| /s/ Doug Black | ||
| Doug Black | ||
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT, AS AMENDED,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, John T. Guthrie, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 20, 2025
| /s/ John T. Guthrie | ||
| John T. Guthrie | ||
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Doug Black, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
(i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: February 20, 2025
| /s/ Doug Black | ||
| Doug Black | ||
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John T. Guthrie, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
(i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: February 20, 2025
| /s/ John T. Guthrie | ||
| John T. Guthrie | ||
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||