UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____.

Commission file number: 001-34964

HG HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	54-1272589
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2115 E. 7 ^th^ Street, Suite 101 , Charlotte, NC 28204 (Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (850) 772-0698

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $.02 per share

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 13, 2023, 2,862,369 shares of common stock of HG Holdings, Inc., par value $0.02 per share, were outstanding.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

HG HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

		December 31,
		2022

ASSETS	****	****	****
Current assets:
Cash	9,247	$	9,458
Restricted cash	11,438		5,547
Investments	5,334		5,314
Accounts receivables	152		106
Interest and dividend receivables	289		335
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	346		301
Total current assets	26,806		21,061
Property, plant and equipment, net	143		156
Lease assets	595		698
Investments in related parties	10,860		11,100
Goodwill	6,492		6,492
Intangible assets, net	286		342
Other assets	865		1,254
Total assets	46,047	$	41,103
LIABILITIES	****	****	****
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	102	$	167
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits	428		169
Lease liabilities, current portion	294		292
Escrow liabilities	11,387		5,497
Other accrued expenses	365		525
Total current liabilities	12,576		6,650
Long-term liabilities:
Reserve for title claims	295		287
Unearned premiums	-		300
Lease liabilities	308		411
Other long-term liabilities	27		29
Total long-term liabilities	630		1,027
Total liabilities	13,206		7,677
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	****	****	****
Common stock, 0.02 par value, 35,000,000 shares authorized and 2,863,228 and 2,863,228 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	53		54
Capital in excess of par value	30,491		30,491
Retained earnings	2,259		2,777
Total stockholders’ equity	32,803		33,322
Noncontrolling interests	38		104
Total equity	32,841		33,426
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	46,047	$	41,103

All values are in US Dollars.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

HG HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months						Nine Months
	Ended						Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues:
Net premiums written	$	954		$	3,857		$	3,148		$	4,975
Commission revenue	****	554			626		****	1,866			1,814
Escrow and other title fees	****	694			531		****	2,077			1,628
Management fees from related parties	****	747			846		****	1,503			846
Total revenues	****	2,949			5,860		****	8,594			9,263
Cost of revenues:
Underwriting expenses	****	40			35		****	222			145
Provision for title claim losses	****	37			35		****	171			111
Search and other fees	****	34			21		****	98			74
Total cost of revenues	****	111			91		****	491			330
Gross underwriting profit	****	2,838			5,769		****	8,103			8,933
Operating expenses:
General and administrative expenses	****	(3,086	)		(2,810	)	****	(9,799	)		(7,223	)
Other income/expenses:
Net investment income	****	588			287		****	1,318			803
Other (expense) income	****	(3	)		2		****	15			6
Gain on sale of assets	****	-		****	-		****	-			123
Net loss from investments in related parties	****	(99	)		(108	)	****	(143	)		(297	)
Loss on impairment	****	-			(297	)	****	-			(443	)
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	****	238			2,843		****	(506	)		1,902
Income tax expense	****	16			-		****	38			-
Net income (loss)		222			2,843			(544	)		1,902
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	****	(29	)		(21	)	****	(76	)		(21	)
Net income (loss) after noncontrolling interests	$	251		$	2,864		$	(468	)	$	1,923
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) – basic	$	0.09		$	1.00		$	(0.16	)	$	0.67
Net income (loss) – diluted	$	0.09		$	1.00		$	(0.16	)	$	0.67
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	****	2,865			2,873		****	2,868			2,852
Diluted	****	2,865			2,873		****	2,868			2,852

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

HG HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended<br> <br>September 30,
	2023			2022
Net (loss) income after noncontrolling interests	$	(468	)	$	1,923
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	****	(76	)		(21	)
Net (loss) income from operations	****	(544	)		1,902
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income from operations to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation expense	****	65			63
Amortization expense	****	56			13
Stock compensation expense	****	-			41
Dividends on HC Realty common stock	****	83			124
Income from investment in limited partnership	****	(214	)		-
Amortization of premium and accretion of discount, net	****	(6	)		-
Net loss from investments in related parties	****	189			297
Gain on sale of assets	****	-			(123	)
Impairment loss on subordinated notes receivable	****	-			443
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	****	3			(169	)
Accounts receivable	****	(46	)		(182	)
Deferred tax assets and other assets	****	389			(232	)
Accounts payable	****	(65	)		16
Accrued salaries, wages, and benefits	****	258			91
Unearned premium reserve	****	(300	)		3,315
Escrow liabilities	****	5,890			5,276
Reserve for title claims	****	8			63
Other accrued expenses	****	(160	)		31
Other long-term liabilities	****	(2	)		(86	)
Net cash provided by operations	****	5,604			10,883
Cash flows from investing activities:	****	****	****	****	****	****
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	****	(50	)		(90	)
Purchases of investments	****	-			(4,363	)
Purchases of investments in related parties	****	(33	)		-
Proceeds from redemptions of fixed-income securities	****	200			-
Proceeds from sale of assets	****	-			204
Investment in a business combination	****	-			(2,300	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	****	117			(6,549	)
Cash flows from financing activities:	****	****	****	****	****	****
Repurchase of shares of common stock	****	(51	)		-
Issuance of noncontrolling interest	****	10			-
Net cash used in financing activities	****	(41	)		-
Net increase in cash and restricted cash	****	5,680			4,334
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period	****	15,005			20,093
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$	20,685		$	24,427
Cash	$	9,247		$	11,048
Restricted cash	****	11,438			13,379
Cash and restricted cash	$	20,685		$	24,427
Supplemental Information:	****	****	****	****	****	****
Dividends on investment in related parties	$	768		$	768

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

HG HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.	Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete annual financial statements. However, the Company (as defined below) believes that the disclosures made are adequate for a fair presentation of results of operations and financial position. In addition, the year-end consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of the Company, these statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of all interim periods reported herein. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods reported herein may not be indicative of the results expected for the year. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on *March 30, 2023 (*the “2022 Form 10-K”).

HG Holdings, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” ‘us” or “our”), operates through its subsidiaries, National Consumer Title Insurance Company (“NCTIC”), National Consumer Title Group, LLC (“NCTG”), Title Agency Ventures, LLC (“TAV”), HG Managing Agency, LLC (“HGMA”), Omega National Title Agency, LLC (“ONTA” or “Omega”), Omega National Title of Florida, LLC (“ONF”) and Omega National Title of Pensacola, LLC (“ONP”), and through an affiliated investment in HC Government Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“HC Realty”).

Description of the Business

Title Insurance

The Company engages in issuing title insurance through its subsidiary, NCTIC, and providing title agency services through its subsidiaries, NCTG, TAV, ONTA, ONF and ONP. Through NCTIC, the Company underwrites land title insurance for owners and mortgagees as the primary insurer. The Company currently only provides title insurance services in the State of Florida.

Title insurance protects against loss or damage resulting from title defects that affect real property. When real property is conveyed from one party to another, occasionally there is an undisclosed defect in the title or a mistake or omission in a prior deed, will or mortgage that may give a third party a legal claim against such property. If a covered claim is made against real property, title insurance provides indemnification against insured defects. There are two basic types of title insurance policies – one for the mortgage lender and one for the real property owner. A lender often requires the property owner to purchase a lender’s title insurance policy to protect its position as a holder of a mortgage loan, but the lender’s title insurance policy does not protect the property owner. The property owner has to purchase a separate owner’s title insurance policy to protect its investment.

NCTIC issues title insurance policies in Florida through its home office and through a network of affiliated and independent title agents. In the State of Florida, issuing agents are independent agents or subsidiaries of community and regional mortgage lending institutions, depending on local customs and regulations. The ability to attract and retain issuing agents is a key determinant of the Company’s growth in title insurance premiums written.

Revenues for the title insurance segment primarily result from purchases of new and existing residential and commercial real estate, refinance activity and certain other types of mortgage lending such as home equity lines of credit. Title insurance premiums vary from state to state and are subject to extensive regulation. Statutes generally provide that rates must not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory. The process of implementing a rate change in most states involves pre-approval by the applicable state insurance regulator.

Volume is a factor in the Company’s title insurance operation’s profitability due to fixed operating costs that are incurred regardless of title insurance premium volume. The resulting operating leverage tends to amplify the impact of changes in volume on profitability. The Company’s title insurance profitability also depends, in part, upon its ability to manage its investment portfolio to maximize investment returns and to minimize risks such as interest rate changes, defaults and impairments of assets.

The Company’s volume of title insurance premiums is affected by the overall level of residential and commercial real estate activity, which includes property sales, mortgage financing and mortgage refinancing. Real estate activity, home sales and mortgage lending are cyclical in nature. Real estate activity is affected by a number of factors, including the availability of mortgage credit, the cost of real estate, consumer confidence, employment and family income levels, and general United States economic conditions. Interest rate volatility is also an important factor in the level of residential and commercial real estate activity.

The Company’s title insurance premiums in future periods are likely to fluctuate due to these and other factors which are beyond management’s control.

Historically, the title insurance business tends to be seasonal as well as cyclical. Because home sales are typically strongest in periods of favorable weather, the first calendar quarter tends to have the lowest activity levels, while the spring and summer months tend to be more active. Mortgage refinance activity tends to be influenced less by seasonality and more by economic cycles, with activity levels increasing during times of falling interest rates.

In conducting its title insurance operations, the Company often holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions. This cash is presented as restricted cash on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company records an offsetting escrow liability given that we are liable for the disposition of these escrowed funds.

Real Estate

The Company engages in rental real estate through its equity investment in HC Realty. HC Realty is an internally-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on acquiring, developing, financing, owning and managing build-to-suit or renovate-to-suit, single-tenant properties leased primarily to the U.S. government and administered by the U.S. General Services Administration or directly by the federal government agencies or sub-agencies occupying such properties (referred to as “Government Properties”). HC Realty invests primarily in Government Properties ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 rentable square feet that are in their initial lease term after original construction or renovation-to-suit. HC Realty further emphasizes Government Properties that perform law enforcement, public service or other functions that support the mission of the agencies or sub-agencies occupying such properties. Leases associated with the Government Properties in which HC Realty invests are full faith and credit obligations of the United States of America. HC Realty intends to grow its portfolio primarily through direct acquisitions and development of Government Properties; although, HC Realty may elect to invest in Government Properties through indirect investments, such as joint ventures.

The Company currently owns 300,000 shares of HC Realty’s Common Stock (the “HC Common Stock”) and 1,025,000 shares of HC Realty’s 10.00% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “HC Series B Stock”). As of September 30, 2023, the Company owns approximately 26.05% of the voting interest of HC Realty.

As of September 30, 2023, HC Realty owned 35 Government Properties, comprised of 33 Government Properties that it owns and 2 Government Properties that it owns subject to a ground lease, each of which is leased to the United States government and occupied by tenant agencies and sub-agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Immigration & Customs Enforcement, the Social Security Administration and the Department of Transportation. HC Realty’s portfolio properties contain approximately 663,000 leased rentable square feet located in 22 states. As of September 30, 2023, its portfolio properties are 98% leased to the United States government and occupied by 12 different federal government agencies. Based on leased rentable square feet, the portfolio has a weighted average remaining lease term of 9.1 years if none of the tenants’ early termination rights are exercised and 5.6 years if all of the tenants’ early termination rights are exercised.

Reinsurance

The Company, through the formation of White Rock USA Cell 47, previously engaged in providing another insurance company excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage related to catastrophic weather risk in Texas. The Company does not currently have any reinsurance contracts in-force during the nine month period ended September 30, 2023; however, the Company may actively look to provide reinsurance coverage to other carriers as future opportunities arise.

Management Advisory Services

The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary HGMA, engages in providing management advisory services including formation, operational, and restructuring services.

Effective April 1, 2023, the Company, through HGMA, engaged in providing management advisory services to a related captive managing general agency regarding its anticipated assumption of policies from Citizens Property Insurance Company. The services included underwriting, modeling, and advising on the subset of potential policies selected for the proposed assumption. The engagement was for six months from the effective date of the agreement at a monthly fee of $200,000 and expired September 30, 2023.

Effective April 1, 2023, the Company, through HGMA, engages in providing management advisory services to a related reinsurance intermediary. The services include legal formation, licensure, regulatory approval, and other general operational services to allow the intermediary to adequately perform its business functions. The engagement is for twelve months from the effective date of the agreement at a monthly fee of $50,000.

For information about our reportable segments, refer to Note 9 Segment Information.

Developments Impacting Comparison of the Three- and Nine-Month Periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Effective August 1, 2022, Omega acquired substantially all the assets of Omega Title Florida, LLC (“OTF”). In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 (“ASC Topic 805”), the Company has determined that the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination. The acquisition allowed Omega to expand into additional geographic areas of Florida and expand its footprint. For information about our business combinations, refer to Note 13 Business Combinations.

2.	Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendment was effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-13 with no related impact to the consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current quarter presentation.

3.	Investments in Related Parties

The following table summarizes the Company’s investment in HC Realty as of September 30, 2023, and *December 31, 2022 (*in thousands, except ratios):

	Ownership %						Carrying Value				Loss recorded in the Consolidated<br> <br>Statements of<br> <br>Operations^(b)^
											For the Three<br> <br>Months Ended<br> <br>September 30,						For the Nine<br> <br>Months Ended<br> <br>September 30,
	September 30,<br> <br>2023			December 31,<br> <br>2022			September 30,<br> <br>2023		December 31,<br> <br>2022		2023			2022			2023			2022
HC Series B Stock^(a)^	****	22.49	%		26.8	%	$	10,250	$	10,250	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
HC Common Stock	****	3.56	%		7.1	%	****	328		600	****	(145	)		(108	)	****	(189	)		(297	)
Total	****	26.05	%		33.9	%	$	10,578	$	10,850	$	(145	)	$	(108	)	$	(189	)	$	(297	)
(a)	Represents investments in shares of HC Series B Stock with a basis of $10.25 million. Each share of HC Series B Stock has voting rights on an as converted basis and can be converted into shares of HC Common Stock at a conversion ratio equal to $10.00 per share divided by the lesser of $9.10 per share or the fair market value per share of HC Common Stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events.
---	---
(b)	Loss from these investments is included in “Net loss from investments in related parties” in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations. Since HC Realty is a REIT and not a taxable entity, the loss is not reported net of taxes.
---	---

The Company’s investment in HC Common Stock is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the Company has concluded it has a significant influence over the investee. The HC Series B Stock is not deemed to be in-substance common stock and is accounted for under cost adjusted for market observable events less impairment method.

As a result of the Company’s holding in HC Realty, the Company includes the following summarized income statement information of HC Realty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months						Nine Months
	Ended						Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Total revenue	$	5,378		$	4,082		$	15,545		$	12,126
Total expense		8,993			6,330		****	25,032			18,100
Net loss	$	(3,615	)	$	(2,248	)	$	(9,487	)	$	(5,974	)

The Company’s other investments in related parties were $282,000 and $250,000 as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and include investments in limited liability companies and corporations. These investments do not meet the criteria for accounting under the equity method and are accounted for under cost adjusted for market observable events less impairment method. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had total receivables from these related parties of $36,000 and payables of $121,000. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had total receivables and payables from these related parties of $191,000 and $0, respectively. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, the Company received $46,000 of distributions from other investments in related parties, which are included in “Net loss from investments in related parties” in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations. No distributions were received from other investments in related parties during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022.

4.	Investments

The following table details investments by major investment category, other than investments in related parties, at September 30, 2023 and *December 31, 2022 (*in thousands):

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Fair Value		Cost/Amortized<br> <br>Cost, Net		Fair Value		Cost/Amortized<br> <br>Cost, Net
U.S. government and agency securities, held-to-maturity^(1)^	$	4,051	$	4,120	$	4,242	$	4,314
Investment in limited partnership, at net asset value^(2)^		1,214		1,214		1,000		1,000
Total investments	$	5,265	$	5,334	$	5,242	$	5,314
(1)	Our held-to-maturity investment portfolio is reported at amortized cost, net of valuation allowance. All securities within the portfolio are rated AA+ by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”).
---	---
(2)	As of September 30, 2023, there are no unfunded commitments related to the investment in limited partnership. This limited partnership invests in property catastrophe risk through customized reinsurance solutions. The underlying assets of the limited partnership are one year or less in duration and the Company’s proceeds may be redeemed or reinvested annually. Changes in net asset value of the investment in limited partnership are included in Net investment income on the Company’s Statement of Operations.
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Held to Maturity

The following tables provide the amortized cost, gross unrealized investment gains (losses), and fair value of the Company’s held-to-maturity securities as of September 30, 2023 and *December 31, 2022 (*in thousands):

	September 30, 2023
	Amortized<br> <br>Costs		Gross<br> <br>Unrealized<br> <br>Gains		Gross<br> <br>Unrealized<br> <br>Losses			Fair Value
U.S. government and agency securities, held-to-maturity	$	4,120	$	-	$	(69	)	$	4,051
	December 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Amortized<br> <br>Costs		Gross<br> <br>Unrealized<br> <br>Gains		Gross<br> <br>Unrealized<br> <br>Losses			Fair Value
U.S. government and agency securities, held-to-maturity	$	4,314	$	-	$	(72	)	$	4,242

The table below summarizes our fixed-income securities at *September 30, 2023 (*dollars in thousands) by contractual maturity periods. Actual results may differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties, prior to the contractual maturities of those obligations.

	Amortized<br> <br>Cost		Percent of<br> <br>Total			Fair Value		Percent<br> <br>of Total
Due in one year or less	$	2,048		49.7	%	$	2,026		50.0	%
Due after one year through five years		2,072		50.3			2,025		50.0
Due after five years through ten years		-		-			-		-
Due after ten years		-		-			-		-
Total	$	4,120	****	100.0	%	$	4,051	****	100.0	%

Fair value measurement

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Assets and liabilities recorded on our Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that we can access.

Level 2: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on the following:

a. Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

b. Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or

c. Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly, or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect our estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the assets and liabilities.

Where available, we estimate the fair value of our investments using the closing prices on the last business day of the reporting period, obtained from active markets such as the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq and NYSE American. For securities for which quoted prices in active markets are unavailable, we use a third-party pricing service that utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, benchmark interest rates, broker quotes and other relevant inputs to estimate the fair value of those securities for which quoted prices are unavailable.

Our fixed-income securities are classified as held-to-maturity and are reported at amortized cost as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company performs ongoing impairment evaluations, and we did not record any current expected credit losses (CECL) during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as U.S. government and agency securities are assumed to have no risk of non-payment.

The disclosed fair value of our fixed -income securities is initially calculated by a third-party pricing service. Valuation service providers typically obtain data about market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources and, through the use of proprietary models, produce valuation information in the form of a single fair value for individual fixed-income and other securities for which a fair value has been requested. The inputs used by the valuation service providers include, but are not limited to, market prices from recently completed transactions and transactions of comparable securities, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads, liquidity spreads, currency rates and other information, as applicable. Credit and liquidity spreads are typically implied from completed transactions and transactions of comparable securities. Valuation service providers also use proprietary discounted cash flow models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry and similar to those used by other market participants to value the same financial information. The valuation models take into account, among other things, market observable information as of the measurement date, as described above, as well as the specific attributes of the security being valued, including its term, interest rate, credit rating, industry sector and, where applicable, collateral quality and other issue or issuer specific information. Executing valuation models effectively requires seasoned professional judgment and experience.

The following tables present fair value, by valuation hierarchy, and carrying value of the financial instruments not measured at fair value for which fair value is disclosed (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair<br> <br>Value		Carrying<br> <br>Value^(1)^
U.S. government and agency securities, held-to-maturity	$	-	$	4,051	$	-	$	4,051	$	4,120
	December 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair<br> <br>Value		Carrying<br> <br>Value^(1)^
U.S. government and agency securities, held-to-maturity	$	-	$	4,242	$	-	$	4,242	$	4,314
(1)	The carrying value measurements in the tables above do not equal Investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as they exclude the Company's investment in limited partnership carried at NAV (as defined below) as a practical expedient.
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The Company has elected the practical expedient for fair value for its investment in limited partnership which is estimated based on our share of the net asset value (“NAV”) of the limited partnership, as provided by the independent fund administrator. The Company’s share of the NAV represents the Company’s proportionate interest in the members’ equity of the limited partnership.

The Company’s investments in related parties are accounted for either under the equity method of accounting or, where they do not meet the criteria of accounting under the equity method, under cost adjusted for market observable events less impairment method. For information about the Company’s investments in related parties, refer to Note 3 Investments in Related Parties.

5.	Subordinated Note Receivable

On September 6, 2018, the Company entered into a Subordinated Secured Promissory Note in the principal amount of $4.4 million (the “S&L Note”) with Stone & Leigh, LLC (“S&L”). The S&L Note matured on March 2, 2023, at which time the total principal amount became due. Interest on the S&L Note accrues at a fixed rate of 10% per annum. No cash interest payments were accrued or received during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

As a result of the Company’s recording of impairment losses in prior quarters, based on current information and events, including the impact of COVID-19 on S&L’s business and its customers, the Company fully impaired the S&L Note as of December 31, 2022. Upon maturity on March 2, 2023, S&L informed the Company that it will not be able to pay the Company any amounts outstanding including principal or interest due. Any future recoveries from S&L, if any, will be recognized as Other Income on the Company’s Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations when the recoveries are recognized.

6.	Reserve for Title Claims

NCTIC’s reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are established using estimated amounts required to settle claims for which notice has been received (reported) and the amount estimated to be required to satisfy claims that have been incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”). Despite the variability of such estimates, management believes that the total reserve for claims is adequate to cover claim losses which might result from pending and future claims under title insurance policies issued through September 30, 2023. We continually update loss reserve estimates as new information becomes known, new loss patterns emerge or as other contributing factors are considered and incorporated into the analysis of reserve for claim losses. Due to the uncertainty inherent in the process and to the judgment used by management, the ultimate liability may be greater or less than our current reserves. If actual claims loss development varies from what is currently expected and is not offset by other factors, it is possible that additional reserve adjustments may be required in future periods in order to maintain our recorded reserve within a reasonable range of our actuary's central estimate.

A reconciliation of the activity in the reserves account for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

	For the Nine<br> <br>Months Ended			For the Nine<br> <br>Month Ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Beginning Reserves	$	287		$	231
Provision for claims related to:
Current year	****	171			63
Prior years	****	-			-
Total provision for claim losses	****	171			63
Claims paid related to:
Current year	****	(163	)		-
Prior years	****	-			-
Total title claims paid	****	(163	)		-
Ending Reserves	$	295		$	294

At September 30, 2023, there were no reinsurance recoverables on paid claims or unpaid reserves.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was no development of the net provision for claims attributable to insured events of the prior year as a result of estimation of the reserve for claims. Original estimates of ultimate loss exposures are decreased or increased as additional information becomes known during the adjustment process regarding individual claims.

A summary of the Company’s loss reserves at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Known title claims	$	8	$	3
IBNR title claims	****	287		284
Total title claims	****	295		287
Non-title claims	****	-		-
Total title claims reserves	$	295	$	287
7.	Reinsurance
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Certain premiums and benefits at NCTIC are ceded to other insurance companies under various reinsurance agreements. The reinsurance agreements provide NCTIC with increased capacity to write more risk and maintain its exposure to loss within its capital resources. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2023, NCTIC's reinsurance program consisted of excess of loss reinsurance treaties. The following is a summary of the reinsurance coverage.

Effective January 1, 2023, NCTIC entered into a per risk excess of loss reinsurance agreement that provides coverage of $4,000,000 in excess of $1,000,000 on each and every risk. The contract allows for one full reinstatement at 100% additional premium as to time and pro rata as to amount. This per risk agreement is shared with other non-affiliated companies. Each company pays its share of the reinsurance cost based on separate company earned premiums. The agreement expires December 31, 2023.

Effective January 1, 2022, NCTIC entered into a reinstatement premium protection reinsurance agreement to reinsure the reinstatement premium payment obligations of NCTIC under the shared per risk excess of loss agreement. The coverage was limited to 100% of the original contracted reinsurance placement. This agreement was shared with the other nonaffiliated companies. Each company paid its share of the reinsurance cost based on separate company earned premiums. The agreement expired on December 31, 2022.

NCTIC’s reinsured risks are treated, to the extent of reinsurance, as though they are risks for which the Company is not liable. However, NCTIC remains contingently liable in the event its reinsurers do not meet their obligations under these reinsurance contracts. NCTIC uses a broker to place its reinsurance through Lloyd’s syndicates, a group of underwriters who work together to provide insurance coverage for a variety of risks. Chaucer Syndicates Ltd. (“Chaucer Syndicates”) and Beazley Syndicate (“Beazley”) are each 50% participants in the Lloyd’s syndicate. As such, NCTIC has a concentration of reinsurance risk with these third-party reinsurers that could have a material impact on NCTIC’s financial position in the event that either of these reinsurers fail to perform their obligations under the reinsurance treaty. As of September 30, 2023, Chaucer Syndicates was rated A (excellent) by A.M. Best, A+ (strong) by Standard & Poor’s and AA- (very strong) by Fitch. Beazley was rated A by A.M. Best, A+ by Standard & Poor’s and A+ by Fitch. The Company monitors the financial condition of individual reinsurers, risk concentration arising from similar activities as well as economic characteristics of reinsurers to attempt to reduce the risk of default by such reinsurers. Given the quality of the reinsurers, management believes this possibility to be remote. At September 30, 2023, there were no reinsurance recoverables on paid claims or unpaid reserves.

The effects of reinsurance on premiums written and earned by NCTIC are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months						Nine Months
	Ended						Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Direct title premiums	$	969		$	556		$	2,894		$	1,701
Ceded title premiums	****	(15	)		(14	)	****	(46	)		(41	)
Net title premium	$	954		$	542		$	2,848		$	1,660
Reinsurance premium^(1)^		-			3,315		****	300			3,315
Net premiums written	$	954		$	3,857		$	3,148		$	4,975
(1)	The Company did not have any written reinsurance contracts in-force during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, the Company had written an excess-of-loss reinsurance contract related to catastrophic weather risk in Texas. This cover expired December 31, 2022.
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8.	Statutory Reporting and Requirements
---	---

NCTIC's assets, liabilities, and results of operations have been reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which varies from statutory accounting practices (“SAP”) prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities. Prescribed SAP are found in a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), state laws and regulations, as well as through general practices. The principal differences between SAP and U.S. GAAP are that under SAP: (1) certain assets that are not admitted assets are eliminated from the balance sheet, (2) a supplemental reserve for claims is charged directly to unassigned surplus rather than provision for claims under U.S. GAAP, and (3) differences may arise in the computation of deferred income taxes. The Company must file with applicable state insurance regulatory authorities an “Annual Statement” which reports, among other items, net income (loss) and stockholders' equity (called “surplus as regards policyholders” in statutory reporting).

NCTIC is subject to regulations and standards of the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (“FLOIR”). These standards and regulations include a requirement that the insurance entities domiciled in the State of Florida maintain specified levels of statutory capital and restrict the timing and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid by the insurance entities to the parent company. As of September 30, 2023, NCTIC’s statutory surplus is $6.2 million and exceeded the minimum of $3.0 million required by the State of Florida for title insurance companies. The maximum amount of dividends which can be paid by State of Florida insurance companies to shareholders without prior approval of the Insurance Commissioner is subject to restrictions relating to statutory surplus. Cash dividends may only be paid out of accumulated surplus funds derived from net operating profits and realized capital gains not exceeding 10% of such surplus in any one year, although there are no restrictions on cash dividend payments out of profits and gains derived during the immediately preceding year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, no dividends were paid from NCTIC to the Company.

9.	Segment Information

The Company has four reportable segments: title insurance, real estate, reinsurance, and management advisory services. The remaining immaterial segments have been combined into a group called “Corporate and Other.” See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations” for a description of the Company’s segments. ****

Provided below is selected financial information about the Company’s operations by segment for the three months ended *September 30, 2023 (*in thousands):

	Title<br> <br>Insurance			Real<br> <br>Estate		Reinsurance		Management<br> <br>Advisory<br> <br>Services			Corporate<br> <br>and Other			Total
Insurance and other services revenue	$	2,203		$	-	$	-	$	746		$	-		$	2,949
Cost of revenues		(111	)		-		-		-			-			(111	)
Gross profit	$	2,092		$	-	$	-	$	746		$	-		$	2,838
Operating expenses		(2,678	)		-		-		(313	)		(95	)		(3,086	)
Other income and expenses		74			110		-		-			302			486
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(512	)	$	110	$	-	$	433		$	207		$	238
Total assets	$	18,372		$	10,578	$	7,236	$	1,204		$	8,657		$	46,047

Provided below is selected financial information about the Company’s operations by segment for the three months ended *September 30, 2022 (*in thousands):

	Title<br> <br>Insurance			Real<br> <br>Estate		Reinsurance			Management<br> <br>Advisory<br> <br>Services			Corporate<br> <br>and Other		****	Total
Insurance and other services revenue	$	1,699		$	-	$	3,315		$	846		$	-		$	5,860
Cost of revenues		(91	)		-		-			-			-			(91	)
Gross profit	$	1,608		$	-	$	3,315		$	846		$	-		$	5,769
Operating expenses		(2,231	)		-		(40	)		(200	)		(339	)		(2,810	)
Other income and expenses		32			148		-			-			(296	)		(116	)
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(592	)	$	148	$	3,275		$	646		$	(634	)	$	2,843
Total assets	$	17,320		$	11,029	$	6,630		$	646		$	14,068		$	49,693

Provided below is selected financial information about the Company’s operations by segment for the nine months ended *September 30, 2023 (*in thousands):

	Title<br> <br>Insurance			Real<br> <br>Estate		Reinsurance		Management Advisory Services			Corporate and Other			Total
Insurance and other services revenue	$	6,791		$	-	$	300	$	1,503		$	-		$	8,594
Cost of revenues		(491	)		-		-		-			-			(491	)
Gross profit	$	6,300		$	-	$	300	$	1,503		$	-		$	8,103
Operating expenses		(8,162	)		-		-		(732	)		(905	)		(9,799	)
Other income and expenses		179			579		-		-			432			1,190
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(1,683	)	$	579	$	300	$	771		$	(473	)	$	(506	)
Total assets	$	18,372		$	10,578	$	7,236	$	1,204		$	8,657		$	46,047

Provided below is selected financial information about the Company’s operations by segment for the nine months ended *September 30, 2022 (*in thousands):

	Title<br> <br>Insurance			Real<br> <br>Estate		Reinsurance			Management<br> <br>Advisory<br> <br>Services			Corporate<br> <br>and Other			Total
Insurance and other services revenue	$	5,102		$	-	$	3,315		$	846		$	-		$	9,263
Cost of revenues		(330	)		-		-			-			-			(330	)
Gross profit	$	4,772		$	-	$	3,315		$	846		$	-		$	8,933
Operating expenses		(6,079	)		-		(40	)		(200	)		(904	)		(7,223	)
Other income and expenses		38			472		-			-			(318	)		192
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(1,269	)	$	472	$	3,275		$	646		$	(1,222	)	$	1,902
Total assets	$	17,320		$	11,029	$	6,630		$	646		$	14,068		$	49,693
10.	Income taxes
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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a non-cash credit to its valuation allowance of $80,000, increasing its valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to $7.5 million as of September 30, 2023. The primary assets covered by this valuation allowance are net operating losses, which approximate $34.6 million at September 30, 2023. The Company did not make any cash payments for income tax in the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 due to its net operating loss carryforwards.

The Company maintains a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets that currently exceed our deferred tax liabilities. The primary assets covered by this valuation allowance are net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance was calculated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. The Company’s results over the most recent four-year period were heavily affected by business restructuring activities. The Company’s cumulative loss represented sufficient negative evidence to require a valuation allowance. The Company intends to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal, resulting in no deferred tax asset balance being recognized. Should the Company determine that it will not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset will be charged to income in the period such determination is made.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has no deferred tax assets not covered by a valuation allowance.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 was 7% and (8%), respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 was 0% due to our net operating loss carryforwards.

11.	Stockholders’Equity

Basic earnings per common share are based upon the weighted average shares outstanding. Outstanding stock options and restricted stock are treated as potential common stock for purposes of computing diluted earnings per share. Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated using the following share data (in thousands):

	Three Months				Nine Months
	Ended				Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic calculation	$	2,865	$	2,873	$	2,868	$	2,852
Add: Effect of dilutive stock awards	****	-		-	****	-		-
Weighted average shares outstanding, adjusted for diluted calculation	$	2,865	$	2,873	$	2,868	$	2,852

For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no stock options or restricted stock awards outstanding.

On August 5, 2022, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) authorized the repurchase of up to $1.5 million of shares of the Company’s common stock. The authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific number of shares during any period and does not have an expiration date, but it may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time at the discretion of the Board. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, or through privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, and subject to the Company’s cash requirements for other purposes, and other factors it deems relevant.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 2,669 shares of common stock, at a weighted average price per share of $7.10. The total cost of shares repurchased, inclusive of fees and commissions, during the three month period ended September 30, 2023 was $18,000 or $7.12 per share.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 7,104 shares of common stock, at a weighted average price per share of $7.13. The total cost of shares repurchased, inclusive of fees and commissions, during the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 was $51,000, or $7.15 per share.

A reconciliation of the activity in Stockholders’ Equity accounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows (in thousands):

	Common			Capital in<br> <br>Excess of		Retained			Noncontrolling
	Stock			Par Value		Earnings			Interest
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	54		$	30,491	$	2,777		$	104
Shares repurchased		-			-		(1	)		-
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		-			-
Net loss		-			-		(799	)		(39	)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	54		$	30,491	$	1,977		$	65
Shares repurchased		-			-		(32	)		-
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		-			-
Net income (loss)		-			-		80			(8	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	54		$	30,491	$	2,025		$	57
Shares repurchased	****	(1	)		-	****	(17	)	****	-
Issuance of noncontrolling interest^(1)^		-			-		-		****	10
Net income (loss)	****	-		****	-	****	251		****	(29	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	53		$	30,491	$	2,259		$	38
(1)	In July 2023, the Company completed its capitalization of Omega National Title of Florida, LLC and Omega National Title of Pensacola, LLC, in which Omega National Title Agency, LLC, a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, now owns 51% of the membership interests, respectively. The Company has a controlling financial interests in these entities and has consolidated the results of these subsidiaries in its consolidated financial statements.
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A reconciliation of the activity in Stockholders’ Equity accounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):

	Common		Capital in<br> <br>Excess of		Retained			Noncontrolling
	Stock		Par Value		Deficit			Interest
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	54	$	30,450	$	(942	)	$	-
Shares repurchased		-		-		-			-
Stock-based compensation expense		-		21		-			-
Net loss		-		-		(577	)		-
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	54	$	30,471	$	(1,519	)	$	-
Shares repurchased		-		-		-			-
Stock-based compensation expense		-		20	****	-		****	-
Net loss	****	-	****	-		(363	)	****	-
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	54	$	30,491	$	(1,882	)	$	-
Shares repurchased		-		-		-		****	-
Issuance of noncontrolling interest	****	-	****	-	****	-		****	185
Net income (loss)	****	-	****	-	****	2,864		****	(21	)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	54	$	30,491	$	982		$	164

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not declare or pay any dividends to its holders of common stock.

12.	Revenue from Contracts with Customers

ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance does not apply to revenue associated with insurance contracts (including title insurance policies), financial instruments and lease contracts; and therefore, is primarily applicable to the following Company revenue categories:

Escrow and other title-related fees – The Company’s title insurance segment recognizes commission revenue and fees related to items such as searches, settlements, commitments, and other ancillary services. Escrow and other title-related fees are recognized as revenue at the time of the related transactions as the earnings process, or performance obligation, is then considered to be complete.

Non-title services – All non-title service fees, such as management fees, are recognized as revenue as performance obligations are completed.

13.	Business Combinations

Effective August 1, 2022, Omega acquired substantially all the assets of OTF. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, the Company has determined that the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination. The assets of OTF at the date of acquisition were as follows (in thousands):

Title files in progress	$	60
Property, plant, and equipment		53
Noncompetition agreement		372
Total assets acquired	$	485

The purchase price paid by Omega for the assets of OTF were as follows (in thousands):

Cash paid	$	2,300
Noncontrolling interest in Omega		185
Total consideration paid	$	2,485
Title files in progress	$	60
Fixed assets		53
Noncompetition agreement		372
Total assets acquired		485
Goodwill	$	2,000

The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed represent the final allocation.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma financial information as if OTF had been included in the Company’s financial results as of January 1, 2022, through the date of acquisition (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2022
Revenues	$	1,279		$	5,310
Net loss	$	(112	)	$	(503	)
14.	Goodwill and Intangible Assets
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Goodwill

The Company historically recognized $4.5 million in goodwill as the result of the acquisition of 50% of TAV on September 1, 2021, and an additional $2.0 million in goodwill as a result of the business combination with OTF on *August 1, 2022.*The fair value of goodwill as of the date of these acquisitions was principally based on Level 3 inputs, such as values obtained from public and private market comparisons. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, the Company did not record any goodwill impairment losses during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s goodwill is allocated to the Title Insurance Segment. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations” for a description of the Company’s segments and Note 9, “Segment Information” for allocation of assets to the Company’s segments.

Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets excluding goodwill recorded as intangible assets on our Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Intangible assets subject to amortization	$	286	$	342
Total	$	286	$	342

Intangible assets subject to amortization consisted of the following as of *September 30, 2023 (*dollars in thousands):

	Weighted-average<br> <br>remaining<br> <br>amortization period<br> <br>(in years)		Gross carrying<br> <br>amount		Accumulated<br> <br>amortization			Net carrying<br> <br>amount
Noncompetition agreement		3.8	$	372	$	(86	)	$	286
Total			$	372	$	(86	)	$	286

No impairment in the value of intangible assets was recognized during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Amortization expense of the intangible assets for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, was $18,000 and $56,000, respectively. Amortization expense of the intangible assets for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, was $12,000.

Estimated amortization expense of the intangible assets to be recognized by the Company during the remainder of 2023 and over the next five years is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,	Estimated Amortization<br> <br>Expense
Remaining in 2023	$	19
2024		74
2025		74
2026		74
2027		45
Total	$	286
15.	Uncertainties
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The demand for the Company’s title insurance services is dependent primarily on the volume of residential and commercial real estate transactions. The volume of these transactions historically has been influenced by such factors as mortgage interest rates, inventory, affordability, availability of financing and the overall state of the economy. The Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate a total of seven times throughout 2022, and four times in 2023 as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, resulting in a current range from 5.25% to 5.50%. While the Federal Reserve declined to raise the federal funds rate on September 20, 2023, interest rates are expected to remain at an elevated level in the near-term to, among other things, control inflation. Should the Federal Reserve continue to raise rates in the future, this will likely result in further increases in market interest rates. Typically, when interest rates are increasing or when the economy is experiencing a downturn, real estate activity declines. As a result, the title insurance industry tends to experience decreased revenues and earnings, and potentially increased title claims experience.

A shortage in the supply of homes for sale, increasing home prices, rising mortgage interest rates, inflation and disrupted labor markets created some volatility in the residential real estate market in 2021 and 2022, which has continued thus far throughout 2023. Additionally, recent geopolitical uncertainties have created elevated volatility in the global economy. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate impact of such disruptions and geopolitical uncertainties.

The Company continues to evaluate the impact of these uncertainties on its operational and financial performance, specifically the impact on HC Realty, and NCTIC and Omega’s operations.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not experienced any adverse impacts regarding the receipt of HC Common Stock and HC Series B Stock dividends.

16.	Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company’s subsidiaries are parties to legal actions incidental to their business. As of September 30, 2023, management believed that the resolution of these matters would not materially affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Anchor Title Litigation

During the second quarter of 2023, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, Omega, became involved in litigation in the United States District Court of the Northern District of Florida. The case, instituted by Anchor Title & Escrow, LLC (“Anchor”), raises issues arising from Omega hiring former employees of Anchor. While Anchor’s first two complaints were dismissed by the Court, the current pleading, and Anchor’s second amended complaint, asserts that Omega misappropriated trade secrets and violated the Florida Uniform Trade Secret Act amongst other counts.

On October 10, 2023, all parties entered into a compromised Settlement Agreement (“Anchor Settlement Agreement”) in which Anchor agreed to dismiss the lawsuit with prejudice, Omega admitted no fault or liability and received a full release from Anchor. The monetary amount conveyed to Anchor as part of the Anchor Settlement Agreement does not and will not result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Fednat Underwriters, Inc. Bankruptcy & Related Proof of Claim

As disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by FedNat Holding Company (“FedNat”) with the SEC on December 12, 2022, on December 11, 2022, FedNat and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including FedNat Underwriters, Inc. (“FNU”), filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida in order to maximize value for all stakeholders. As part of the Chapter 11 process, FedNat will evaluate all strategic alternatives to maximize value for stakeholders, whether that be a reorganization of its business or a sale of its assets.

On January 26, 2023, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale Division, entered an order (the “Order”) granting a motion from the debtors (including FNU) pursuant to Section 365(a) of the Bankruptcy Code authorizing such debtors to reject that certain Management Advisory Services Agreement dated and effective as of *July 1, 2022 (*the “Advisory Services Agreement”) between HGMA and FNU. Based on the Order, the Advisory Services Agreement was deemed rejected as of December 12, 2022.

Effective with the rejection of the Advisory Services Agreement, the Company will no longer earn compensation for the remaining duration of the agreement. On February 21, 2023, the Company filed a proof of claim for $609,771 of unsecured claims for compensation earned pre-petition pursuant to the Advisory Services Agreement. The Company also filed a claim for post-petition damages arising from the rejection of the agreement prior to its contractual end date.

On July 27, 2023, FNU and HGMA, amongst other parties, entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) addressing both claims identified herein. In the Settlement Agreement, FNU and HGMA agreed that the cumulative amount allowed for both proofs of claims shall be $1,109,771. On August 11, 2023, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale Division, entered an order approving the Settlement Agreement. The total amount recovered for the proofs of claim is subject to successful execution of the Chapter 11 plan by FedNat and its affiliates, including FNU.

Hollie Drive Litigation

In November 2019, we received notice that the Company and Stanley Furniture Company, LLC (the “Buyer”), the purchaser of substantially all of the Company’s assets during the first quarter of 2018 (the “Asset Sale”), were defendants in a pending case in the Circuit Court for Henry County, Virginia. The case, which had been instituted on September 18, 2019 by Hollie Drive Associates, LLC (“Hollie”), raises issues arising from the purported breach of a lease for warehouse space in Henry County, Virginia, which is owned by Hollie and was previously rented by the Company. The relevant lease was assigned to the Buyer in connection with the Asset Sale. The complaint asserts that the Buyer breached various provisions of the lease including failure to make certain rental payments and failure to pay for certain clean-up and reconstruction after the Buyer vacated the property. The complaint seeks damages in the amount of approximately $555,000 and attorney’s fees. Hollie named the Company as a party because the Company was the original tenant under the lease. Under the asset purchase agreement entered into in connection with the Asset Sale, the Buyer agreed to assume and indemnify the Company against post-closing liabilities arising under the lease including those asserted in the complaint. The Buyer’s filings in the case do not dispute the obligation to indemnify the Company for any damages awarded in the case. Based upon discussions with the Buyer and documents produced to date by Hollie, it appears Hollie has asserted damages greatly exceeding the likely recovery in the case. Given the relatively low damages amount and the Buyer’s indemnity obligation, the Company believes it is not probable the case will result in a material adverse effect on its financial statements.

Leases

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases under ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC Topic 842”), are recorded when the Company and its subsidiaries are party to a contract, which conveys the right for it to control an asset for a specified period of time. Substantially all of our operating lease arrangements relate to rented office space and real estate for our title operations. The Company is not a party to any material contracts considered finance leases. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities under ASC Topic 842 are recorded as Lease assets and Lease liabilities, respectively, on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company’s operating leases range in term from one to five years. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating leases was 2.54 years.

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain material variable lease payments, buyout options, residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Most of the Company’s leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term by varying amounts. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. We do not include options to renew in our measurement of lease assets and lease liabilities as they are not considered reasonably assured of exercise as of September 30, 2023.

The lease liability is determined by discounting future lease payments using a discount rate based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for similar collateralized borrowing. The discount rate is calculated using estimates of capitalization rates and borrowing rates. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average discount rate used to determine our operating lease liability was 6.0%.

Lease expense included in general and administrative expenses on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations was $336,000 and $197,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $739,000 and $523,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Future minimum rental commitments as of September 30, 2023 under these leases are expected to be as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	85
2024		295
2025		155
2026		65
2027		48
Total lease payments, undiscounted	$	648
Less: present value discount		(46	)
Lease liabilities, at present value	$	602

ITEM 2. **** Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, the notes thereto and the other unaudited financial data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2023. The terms the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to HG Holdings, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, and unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used herein shall have the same meanings as set forth in our accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this report are not based on historical facts, but are forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” or “anticipates,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy. These statements reflect our reasonable judgment with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include the occurrence of events that negatively impact the Company’s liquidity in such a way as to limit or eliminate the Company’s ability to use its cash on hand to fund further asset acquisitions, an inability on the part of the Company to identify additional suitable businesses to acquire or develop, and the occurrence of events that negatively impact the title insurance operations of the Company’s subsidiaries and/or the business or assets of HC Realty and the value of our investment in HC Realty. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this filing and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new developments or otherwise.

Overview

For a description of our business, including descriptions of segments and recent business developments, see the discussion in Note 1 Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations – Description of the Business in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 2.

As of September 30, 2023, our sources of income include earnings from our title insurance subsidiaries, management service fees earned and dividends on HC Realty’s Common Stock (the “HC Common Stock”) and HC Realty’s 10.00% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “HC Series B Stock”). The Company believes that the revenue generated from these sources and cash on hand is sufficient to fund operating expenses for at least 12 months from the date of the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company will continue to pursue acquisition opportunities which will allow us to potentially derive benefit from the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards and also create appropriate risk adjusted returns for stockholders.

Title Insurance Segment Trends and Conditions

Our title insurance segment revenue is closely related to the level of real estate activity that includes sales, mortgage financing and mortgage refinancing. Declines in the level of real estate activity or the average price of real estate sales will adversely affect our title insurance revenues.

We believe that real estate activity is generally dependent on mortgage interest rates, access and availability to mortgage debt, residential housing inventory, home prices, commercial property supply and demand, and the general economic conditions in the U.S. economy.

The Mortgage Bankers Association (“MBA”) announced in October 2023 that purchase originations are forecast to increase 11% in 2024. By loan count, total mortgage origination volume is also expected to increase by 19%, to 5.2 million loans in 2024 from 4.4 million loans expected in 2023.

The industry as a whole saw a decline in total real estate transactions in 2022 and through the first quarter of 2023, largely due to higher mortgage interest rates. Mortgage rates remained abnormally high after emergency actions taken by the Federal Reserve to substantially increase its benchmark interest rate in the final three quarters of 2022, in an attempt to slow the quarter over quarter inflation. The Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate a total of seven times throughout 2022 and four times in 2023 as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, resulting in a current range from 5.25% to 5.50%. While the Federal Reserve declined to raise the federal funds rate on September 20, 2023, interest rates are expected to remain at an elevated level in the near-term to, among other things, control inflation. Should the Federal Reserve continue to raise rates in the future, this will likely result in further increases in market interest rates. Per the MBA’s Mortgage Finance Forecast, interest rates on a Freddie Mac 30-year, fixed rate mortgage averaged 6.5% in the second quarter of 2023 as compared to 5.3% in the second quarter of 2022. MBA’s baseline forecast is for mortgage rates to end 2024 at 6.1% and reach 5.5% at the end of 2025, as Treasury rates decline and as the spread narrows.

A shortage in the supply of homes for sale, increasing home prices, rising mortgage interest rates, inflation and disrupted labor markets created some volatility in the residential real estate market in 2021 and 2022, which has continued thus far throughout 2023. Additionally, recent geopolitical uncertainties have created elevated volatility in the global economy.

Because commercial real estate transactions tend to be generally driven by supply and demand for commercial space and occupancy rates in a particular area rather than by interest rate fluctuations, we believe that our commercial real estate title insurance business is less dependent on the industry cycles discussed above than our residential real estate title business. Commercial real estate transaction volume is also often linked to the availability of financing. Factors including U.S. tax reform and a shift in U.S. monetary policy have had, and are expected to have, varying effects on availability of financing in the U.S. Lower corporate and individual tax rates, and corporate tax-deductibility of capital expenditures have provided increased capacity and incentive for investments in commercial real estate.

Historically, real estate transactions have produced seasonal revenue fluctuations in the real estate industry. The first calendar quarter is typically the weakest quarter in terms of revenue due to the generally low volume of home sales during January and February. The second and third calendar quarters are typically the strongest quarters in terms of revenue, primarily due to a higher volume of residential transactions in the spring and summer months. The fourth quarter is typically strong due to the desire of commercial entities to complete transactions by year-end. Seasonality in 2020, 2021 and 2022 deviated from historical patterns due to COVID-19 and the subsequent rapid increase in interest rates. We have noted short-term fluctuations through recent years in resale and refinance transactions as a result of changes in interest rates.

Recent Bank Failures

In March 2023, three banks in the United States were placed into receivership by a federal banking regulator. In addition, in late March 2023, a large international financial institution suffering distress was forced by its principal regulator to be acquired by its rival. These events may cause financial institutions to reduce their lending, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to access capital markets for our liquidity needs and/or cause our cost of capital to increase.

We will endeavor to limit uninsured deposits that we have with banks. Nevertheless, if a bank in which we hold funds fails or is subject to significant adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets, we could be subject to a risk of loss of all or a portion of such uninsured funds or be subject to a delay in accessing all or a portion of such uninsured funds.

Results from Operations

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,<br> <br>2023			September 30,<br> <br>2022			Change			September 30,<br> <br>2023			September 30,<br> <br>2022			Change
Net title premium written	$	954		$	542		$	412		$	2,848		$	1,660		$	1,188
Reinsurance written		-			3,315			(3,315	)		300			3,315			(3,015	)
Commissions and fees revenue		1,995			2,003			(8	)		5,446			4,288			1,158
Total revenue		2,949			5,860			(2,911	)		8,594			9,263			(669	)
Cost of revenues		(111	)		(91	)		(20	)		(491	)		(330	)		(161	)
Gross profit	$	2,838		$	5,769		$	(2,931	)	$	8,103		$	8,933		$	(830	)
Operating expenses		(3,086	)		(2,810	)		(276	)		(9,799	)		(7,223	)		(2,576	)
Other income (expenses)		486			(116	)		602			1,190			192			998
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	238		$	2,843		$	(2,605	)	$	(506	)	$	1,902		$	(2,408	)

Comparison of Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

The Company’s underwriting results were primarily influenced by a growth of the net title premium to $1.0 million and $2.8 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively, from $0.5 million and $1.7 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively, offset by cancellation of the reinsurance coverage written in 2022. The Company’s commissions and fees revenue was relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, and grew $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily as a result of the acquisition of OTF that was effective August 1, 2022.

The Company’s cost of revenue consists primarily of a provision for title claim losses and underwriting expenses, which primarily consist of commissions to title agencies. Cost of revenue increased to $111,000 and $491,000 for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $91,000 and $330,000, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This increase corresponded to growth in title business.

The Company’s operating expenses primarily consist of general and administrative expenses such as personnel expenses, office and technology expenses, and professional fees. General and administrative expenses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 were $3.1 million and $9.8 million, respectively, compared to $2.8 million and $7.2 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to higher personnel expense.

Other income primarily consists of interest income, dividend income and change in the net asset value of investment in limited partnership. The Company generated dividend income of $255,000 and $768,000 for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Dividend income relates primarily to the HC Common Stock and HC Series B Stock held by the Company.

Our effective tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 was 7.0% and (8.0%), respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 was effectively 0% due to our net operating loss carryforwards.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of liquidity include cash on hand, earnings from our title insurance subsidiaries, and dividends from our HC Common Stock and HC Series B Stock. At September 30, 2023, we had $9.2 million in cash and an additional $11.4 million in restricted cash, substantially all of which is cash held in escrow for title insurance transactions. A portion of our unrestricted and restricted cash is currently held in savings accounts earning interest at approximately 4.8% annually. We also received quarterly dividends on our HC Common Stock and HC Series B Stock at annual rates of approximately 3% and 10%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. We believe that the sources stated above will be sufficient to satisfy our operating requirements for the foreseeable future, and we do not anticipate a need to raise funds from sources other than those described above within the next 12 months.

Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended<br> <br>September 30, 2023			Nine Months Ended<br> <br>September 30, 2022
Net cash provided by operations	$	5,604		$	10,883
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		117			(6,549	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(41	)		-
Net increase in cash and restricted cash		5,680			4,334
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	15,005		$	20,093
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$	20,685		$	24,427

Cash flows from operating activities differ from net income due to adjustments for non-cash items, such as gains and losses on investments, the timing of disbursements for taxes, claims and other accrued liabilities, and collections or changes in receivables and other assets. Net cash provided by operations of $5.6 million differs from operating results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to an increase of $5.9 million in escrow liabilities on the title insurance subsidiaries. Net cash provided by operations of $10.9 million differs from operating results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to a $3.3 million increase in reinsurance unearned premiums related to 2022 reinsurance coverage written and an increase in title escrow liabilities of $5.3 million.

Cash flows from investing activities differ from net income due to adjustments such as purchases and sales of plant, property, and equipment, purchases and proceeds from sales of investments. Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 of $117,000 consisted of proceeds from the redemption of securities of $200,000, offset by purchases of investments in related parties of $33,000 and purchases of equipment of $50,000. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 of $6.5 million primarily consisted of $4.4 million related to the purchase of investments and $2.3 million related to the purchase of OTF.

Cash flows from financing activities differ from net income due to adjustments such as loan proceeds, payments of principal on outstanding loans, capital contributions, dividends to stockholders, repurchase of outstanding shares of common stock, and changes in noncontrolling interest. Cash flows used in financing activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 was $41,000 and consisted of $51,000 related to the repurchase of shares of common stock offset by $10,000 provided by minority shareholders in exchange for an interest in a consolidated subsidiary. There was no cash flow used in financing activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We believe there have been no new critical accounting policies or material changes to our existing critical accounting policies and estimates during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

ITEM 3. **** Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not required to be provided by a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 4. **** Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to us, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and we necessarily were required to apply our judgment in evaluating whether the benefits of the controls and procedures that we adopt outweigh their costs.

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation as of September 30, 2023 was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of September 30, 2023, were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

The information required for this Part II, Item 1 is incorporated by reference to the discussion under the heading “Litigation” in Note 16 Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On August 5, 2022, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $1.5 million of shares of the Company’s common stock. The authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific number of shares during any period and does not have an expiration date, but it may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time at the discretion of the Board. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, or through privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, and subject to the Company’s cash requirements for other purposes, and other factors it deems relevant.

The following table summarizes the Company’s repurchase activity under the share repurchase program for the three months ended September 30, 2023:

Period	Total number of<br> <br>shares<br> <br>purchased	Average price paid<br> <br>per share	Total number of shares<br> <br>purchased as part of<br> <br>publicly announced<br> <br>plans or programs	Maximum dollar value<br> <br>of shares that may yet<br> <br>be purchased under the<br> <br>plans or programs
July 2023	808	$7.25	808	$1,441,585
August 2023	1,055	$7.29	1,055	$1,433,913
September 2023	806	$6.76	806	$1,428,483
Total	2,669	$7.10	2,669	$1,428,483

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information

None.

ITEM 6. Exhibits

3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-34964) filed August 6, 2021).
3.2	By-laws of the Registrant, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-34964) filed November 20, 2017).
3.3	Certificate of Designation of Series A Participating Preferred Stock of Stanley Furniture Company, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-34964) filed December 6, 2016).
4.1	Rights Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2016, between Stanley Furniture Company, Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-34964) filed December 6, 2016).
4.2	Amendment No. 1, dated as of January 30, 2017, to the Rights Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2016, between Stanley Furniture Company, Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-34964) filed January 30, 2017).
4.3	Amendment No. 2, dated as of December 5, 2019, to the Rights Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2016, between HG Holdings, Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-34964) filed December 5, 2019).
31.1	Certification by Steven A. Hale II, our Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. ^(1)^
31.2	Certification by Justin H. Edenfield, our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. ^(1)^
32.1	Certification of Steven A. Hale II, our Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. ^(2)^
32.2	Certification of Justin H. Edenfield, our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. ^(2)^
101.INS	Inline XBRL INSTANCE DOCUMENT (1)
101.SCH	Inline XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA DOCUMENT (1)
101.CAL	Inline XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE (1)
101.DEF	Inline XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE (1)
101.LAB	Inline XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABELS LINKBASE (1)
101.PRE	Inline XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE (1)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) (1)
(1)	Filed herewith
---	---
(2)	In accordance with Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
---	---

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 14, 2023	HG HOLDINGS, INC.
	By: /s/ Justin H. Edenfield
	Name: Justin H. Edenfield
	Title: Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

ex_593469.htm

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steven A. Hale II, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of HG Holdings, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
---	---
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
---	---
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
---	---
(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
---	---
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
---	---
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
---	---
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
---	---
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
---	---
(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
---	---
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
---	---
Date: November 14, 2023	By: /s/ Steven A. Hale II
---	---
	Name: Steven A. Hale II
	Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

ex_593470.htm

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Justin H. Edenfield, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of HG Holdings, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
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3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
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4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
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(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
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(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
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(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
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(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
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5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
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(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
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(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Date: November 14, 2023	By: /s/ Justin H. Edenfield
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	Name: Justin H. Edenfield
	Title: Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

ex_593471.htm

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the HG Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Steven A. Hale II, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1). The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2). The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 14, 2023	By: /s/ Steven A. Hale II
	Name: Steven A. Hale II
	Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

ex_593472.htm

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the HG Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Justin H. Edenfield, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1). The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2). The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 14, 2023	By: /s/ Justin H. Edenfield
	Name: Justin H. Edenfield
	Title: Principal Financial and Accounting Officer