Tsakos Energy Navigation Ltd F-3ASR, filed Jul 2, 2026
Tsakos Energy Navigation Ltd (TEN)
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 2, 2026
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)
| Bermuda | Not Required | |
| (State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
367 SYNGROU AVENUE
175 64 P. FALIRO
ATHENS, GREECE
011 30 210 9407710
(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Puglisi & Associates
850 Library Avenue, Suite 204
Newark, Delaware 19711
(302) 738-6680
(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)
Copies to:
FINN MURPHY
GOODWIN PROCTER LLP
620 EIGHTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10018
(212) 459-7257
(212) 202-7715 (facsimile)
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale of the Securities to the Public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
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PROSPECTUS
TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED
DEBT SECURITIES
WARRANTS
RIGHTS
DEPOSITARY SHARES
PURCHASE CONTRACTS
UNITS
COMMON SHARES
PREFERRED SHARES
We or any selling shareholder may offer debt securities, warrants, rights, depositary shares, purchase contracts, units, common shares or preferred shares from time to time. We may also offer securities of the types listed above that are convertible or exchangeable into one or more of the other securities so listed. When we decide to sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the offered securities in a prospectus supplement.
The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold from time to time in one or more offerings, which may be through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers. The names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, will be included in a supplement to this prospectus.
This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities and the general manner in which they may be offered. The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus.
Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “TEN.” The last reported sale price of our common shares on the NYSE on July 1, 2026 was $35.37 per share.
Our Series E Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TEN PR E” The last reported sale price of our Series E Preferred Shares on the NYSE on July 1, 2026 was $26.15 per share.
Our Series F Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TEN PR F” The last reported sale price of our Series F Preferred Shares on the NYSE on July 1, 2026 was $27.01 per share.
Our principal offices are located at 367 Syngrou Avenue, 175 64 P. Faliro, Athens, Greece. Our telephone number at such address is 011 30 210 9407710.
Investing in our securities involves risks. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” on page 3 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or other securities commission, the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda nor the Bermuda Monetary Authority has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Prospectus dated July 2, 2026.
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You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, as well as the information incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any documents incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
All statements in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference that are not historical fact are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The disclosure and analysis set forth in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference include assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and beliefs about future events in a number of places, particularly in relation to our operations, cash flows, financial position, plans, strategies, business prospects, changes and trends in our business and the markets in which we operate. These statements are intended as forward-looking statements. In some cases, predictive, future-tense or forward-looking words such as “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “plan,” “potential,” “may,” “should” and “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, such matters as:
| • | future operating or financial results and future revenues and expenses; |
| • | future, pending or recent business and vessel acquisitions, business strategy, areas of possible expansion and expected capital spending and our ability to fund such expenditures; |
| • | operating expenses including the availability of key employees, crew, length and number of off-hire days, dry-docking requirements and fuel and insurance costs; |
| • | general market conditions and shipping industry trends, including charter rates, vessel values and factors affecting supply and demand of crude oil, petroleum products and LNG, including the impact of the war in the Middle East between Iran and the U.S. and Israel, the conflict in Ukraine and related sanctions and the impact of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries; |
| • | our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to make required payments under our credit facilities, comply with our loan covenants and obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other corporate activities, as well as higher inflation, global and/or national tax issues and increasing interest rate levels; |
| • | the overall health and condition of the U.S. and global financial markets, including the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies; |
| • | the carrying value of our vessels and the potential for any asset impairments; |
| • | our expectations about the time that it may take to construct and deliver new vessels or the useful lives of our vessels; |
| • | our continued ability to enter into period time charters with our customers and secure profitable employment for our vessels in the spot market; |
| • | the ability and willingness of our counterparties, including our charterers and shipyards, to honor their contractual obligations; |
| • | our expectations relating to dividend payments and ability to make such payments; |
| • | our ability to leverage to our advantage the relationships and reputation of Tsakos Shipping & Trading S.A. within the shipping industry; |
| • | our anticipated general and administrative expenses; |
| • | environmental and regulatory conditions, including changes in laws and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities; |
| • | risks inherent in vessel operation, including terrorism, piracy and discharge of pollutants; |
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| • | potential liability from future litigation; |
| • | global and regional political conditions; |
| • | tanker, product carrier and LNG carrier supply and demand; and |
| • | other factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F. |
Assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and these differences can be material. There are a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, which affect our operations, performance, business strategy and results and could cause actual reported results and performance to differ materially from the performance and expectations expressed in these forward- looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, supply and demand for crude oil, product and LNG tankers, charter rates and vessel values, supply and demand for crude oil, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, accidents, collisions and spills, environmental and other government regulation, the availability of debt financing, fluctuation of currency exchange and interest rates and the other risks and uncertainties discussed more fully under “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F most recently filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in our other filings with the SEC. We caution readers of this prospectus and any prospectus supplement not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.
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Investing in the securities to be offered pursuant to this prospectus may involve certain risks. You should carefully consider the important factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, and in any Reports on Form 6-K we subsequently file which are incorporated herein by reference and in any accompanying prospectus supplement before investing in any securities that may be offered.
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SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITIES
We are a Bermuda company and our subsidiaries are organized under the laws of Liberia, Malta, Marshall Islands and Panama. As a result of being a Bermuda company, the rights of holders of our shares will be governed by Bermuda law, and our memorandum of association and bye-laws. The rights of shareholders under Bermuda law may differ from the rights of shareholders of companies incorporated in other jurisdictions. Most of our directors and executive officers are residents of countries other than the United States. Substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and a substantial portion of the assets of our directors and officers are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for United States investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us, our subsidiaries or those of our directors and officers who are not resident here or to realize against them judgments obtained in the United States courts. In addition, you should not assume that courts in countries in which we or our subsidiaries are incorporated or where our assets or the assets of our subsidiaries are located:
| • | would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or our subsidiaries based upon civil liabilities provisions of applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws; or |
| • | would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or our subsidiaries based upon these laws. |
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we or any selling shareholder may sell from time to time any combination of the securities described in this prospectus. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. When we or the selling shareholders sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
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This summary provides a brief overview of the key aspects of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and certain material terms of the securities that may be offered that are known as of the date of this prospectus. When we use the words “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “ours” and “our,” we are referring to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries. For a more complete understanding of the terms of a particular issuance of offered securities, and before making your investment decision, you should carefully read:
| • | this prospectus, which explains the general terms of the securities that we may offer; |
| • | the accompanying prospectus supplement for such issuance, which explains the specific terms of the securities being offered and which may update or change information in this prospectus; and |
| • | the documents referred to in “Where You Can Find Additional Information” for information about us, including our financial statements. |
Our Company
Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited is a leading provider of international crude oil, petroleum product and liquefied natural gas (LNG) seaborne transportation services. As of June 30, 2026, we operated a diversified fleet of 63 double-hull vessels, consisting of 55 conventional tankers, two LNG carriers and six DP2 suezmax shuttle tankers, providing worldwide marine transportation services for national, major and other independent oil companies and refiners under long-, medium- and short-term charters. We also had ten DP2 suezmax shuttle tankers, three VLCC tankers, five scrubber-fitted LR1 tankers and two LNG carriers under construction, with expected deliveries in 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029.
Our fleet is managed by Tsakos Energy Management Limited, or Tsakos Energy Management, a company owned by our chief executive officer. Tsakos Energy Management provides us with strategic advisory, financial, accounting and administrative services, while subcontracting the technical and commercial management of our business to Tsakos Shipping & Trading, S.A. or Tsakos Shipping. In its capacity as commercial manager, Tsakos Shipping provides various services for our vessels, including identifying and negotiating charter opportunities for our fleet, obtaining insurance and vessel sale and purchase, supervising newbuilding construction and vessel financing. In its capacity as technical manager, Tsakos Shipping manages the technical and operational activities of substantially all of our operating vessels, while certain vessels are technically managed by non-affiliated ship managers. Tsakos Shipping manages our day-to-day vessel operations, including the provision of supplies, maintenance and repair, as well as crewing.
We are a Bermuda company. Our principal executive office is at 367 Syngrou Avenue, 175 64 P. Faliro, Athens, Greece, and our telephone number from the United States is 011 30 210 9407710. Our website address is www.tenn.gr. Information contained on or accessible to or from our website does not form part of this prospectus.
The Securities We May Offer
We or any selling stockholder may use this prospectus to offer any of the following types of securities:
| • | debt securities; |
| • | warrants; |
| • | rights; |
| • | depositary shares; |
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| • | purchase contracts; |
| • | units; |
| • | common shares; and |
| • | preferred shares. |
We may issue securities of the types listed above which are convertible or exchangeable for other securities so listed.
When we decide to sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the offered securities in a prospectus supplement. In addition, any selling shareholders may offer and sell from time to time securities using this prospectus and any prospectus supplement.
A prospectus supplement will describe the specific types, amounts, prices, and detailed terms of any of these offered securities and may describe certain risks associated with an investment in the securities. Terms used in the prospectus supplement will have the meanings described in this prospectus, unless otherwise specified.
Listing
Our common shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TEN”. Our Series E Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TEN PR E” and our Series F Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TEN PR F”.
If any other securities are to be listed or quoted on a securities exchange or quotation system, the applicable prospectus supplement will so state.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
As required by the Securities Act, we have filed a registration statement relating to the securities offered by this prospectus with the SEC. This prospectus is a part of that registration statement, which includes additional information.
We file annual and other reports and other information with the SEC. Such filings are available to the public from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also inspect our SEC filings at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with the SEC, by referring you to other documents filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Any information that we file later with the SEC and that is deemed incorporated by reference will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. In all such cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or in any earlier incorporated document. You should not assume that information in any document incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement is current as of any date other than the date of that document.
This prospectus will be deemed to incorporate by reference the following documents:
| • | our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on April 6, 2026; |
| • | our Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on May 22, 2026; |
| • | the description of our common shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on February 8, 2002, and any amendments or reports filed updating that description; |
| • | the description of our Series E fixed-to-floating rate cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on April 4, 2017; and |
| • | the description of our Series F fixed-to-floating rate cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on June 27, 2018. |
We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F that we file with the SEC and certain reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus (in each case, only if such Form 6-K states that it is incorporated by reference into this prospectus) until we file a post-effective amendment indicating that the offering of the securities made by this prospectus has been terminated. Each subsequently filed Annual Report should be deemed to supersede entirely each earlier filed Annual Report and the materials furnished on an earlier Form 6-K and, unless explicitly stated otherwise, such earlier reports should not be deemed to be part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement and you should not rely upon statements made in those earlier periodic reports. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited
367 Syngrou Avenue
175 64 P. Faliro
Athens, Greece
Tel. 011 30 210 94 07710
Attention: George Saroglou
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Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds received from the sale of the securities we offer by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things:
| • | the acquisition of vessels; |
| • | additions to working capital; and |
| • | the repayment of indebtedness. |
We may raise additional funds from time to time through equity or debt financings not involving the issuance of securities described in this prospectus, including borrowings under credit facilities, to finance our business and operations and our vessel acquisitions.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from any sale of securities by the selling shareholders or by their respective pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest.
Our capitalization will be set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F or a Report on Form 6-K which is incorporated herein by reference, or in a prospectus supplement.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER
This prospectus contains summary descriptions of the securities we may offer from time to time. The selling shareholders may also offer and sell securities as discussed under “Selling Shareholders.” These summary descriptions are not meant to be complete descriptions of each security. The particular terms of any security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities described herein, we will provide prospective investors with a supplement to this prospectus that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering, including the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities offered.
We or the selling shareholders may sell the securities to or through underwriters, dealers or agents, directly to purchasers or through a combination of any of these methods of sale or as otherwise set forth below under “Plan of Distribution.” Any prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers, agents or other entities involved in the sale of securities described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them.
In this section, references to “holders” mean those who own debt securities registered in their own names on the books that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited or the indenture trustee maintains for this purpose, and not those who own beneficial interests in debt securities registered in street name or in debt securities issued in book-entry form through one or more depositaries. Owners of beneficial interests in the debt securities should read the section below entitled “Book-Entry Procedures and Settlement.”
General
We may offer debt securities. As used in this prospectus, “debt securities” means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue from time to time. Debt securities offered by this prospectus will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. Senior debt securities will be issued under a “Senior Indenture” to be entered into later between us and a trustee and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a “Subordinated Indenture” to be entered into later between us and a trustee. This prospectus sometimes refers to the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture collectively as the “Indentures.”
The form of Senior Indenture and the form of the Subordinated Indenture are filed as exhibits to the registration statement. The statements and descriptions in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement regarding provisions of the Indentures and debt securities are summaries thereof, do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Indentures and debt securities, including the definitions therein of certain terms.
Debt securities will be direct obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited. Senior debt securities will rank equally with all of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s present and future senior indebtedness.
Because Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited is principally a holding company, its right to participate in any distribution of assets of any subsidiary, upon the subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization or otherwise, is subject to the prior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may be recognized as a creditor of that subsidiary. Accordingly, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s obligations under debt securities will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of its subsidiaries, and holders of debt securities should look only to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s assets for payment thereunder.
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The Indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue and provide that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable Indenture.
Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities being offered. These terms will include some or all of the following:
| • | the title of the series and whether they are subordinated debt securities or senior debt securities; |
| • | any limit on the aggregate principal amount of such debt securities; |
| • | the price or prices at which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will sell such debt securities; |
| • | the maturity date or dates of such debt securities; |
| • | the rate or rates of interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, at which such debt securities will bear interest, or the method of determining such rate or rates, if any; |
| • | the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined; |
| • | the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended; |
| • | whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments; |
| • | the dates on which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will pay interest on such debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date; |
| • | whether the debt securities will be secured or unsecured; |
| • | the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities will be payable; |
| • | if Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited possesses the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may redeem such debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions; |
| • | Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase such debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will redeem, repay or purchase such debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation; |
| • | the denominations in which such debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000; |
| • | the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of such debt securities which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with an Event of Default (as described below), if other than the full principal amount; |
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| • | the currency, currencies or currency unit in which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on such debt securities, if not United States dollars; |
| • | provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of such debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events; |
| • | any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable Indenture; |
| • | the application, if any, of the terms of the Indentures relating to defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to such debt securities; |
| • | whether the subordination provisions summarized below or different subordination provisions will apply to such debt securities; |
| • | the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange such debt securities into or for Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s common stock, preferred stock or other debt securities; |
| • | whether any of such debt securities will be issued in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which global debt securities may be exchanged for certificated debt securities; |
| • | any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of such debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an Event of Default; |
| • | the depositary for global or certificated debt securities; |
| • | any special tax implications of such debt securities; |
| • | any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to such debt securities; and |
| • | any other terms of such debt securities. |
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities will not be listed on any securities exchange.
Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. Debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.
Subordination
The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the applicable prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s Senior Indebtedness, to the extent and in the manner set forth in the Subordinated Indenture.
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Under the Subordinated Indenture, “Senior Indebtedness” means all obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in respect of any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the Subordinated Indenture or thereafter incurred or created:
| • | the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on indebtedness of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for borrowed money; |
| • | all obligations guaranteed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the repayment of borrowed money, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other written instruments; |
| • | all obligations guaranteed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar written instruments, including obligations assumed or incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses (provided, however, that the deferred purchase price of any other business or property or assets shall not be considered indebtedness if the purchase price thereof is payable in full within 90 days from the date on which such indebtedness was created); |
| • | any obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles; |
| • | all obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction; |
| • | all obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or option contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements; |
| • | all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and |
| • | all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (whether or not such obligation is assumed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited). |
Senior Indebtedness does not include:
| • | indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services; |
| • | indebtedness that is by its terms subordinated to or ranks equal with the subordinated debt securities; and |
| • | any indebtedness of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited to its affiliates (including all debt securities and guarantees in respect of those debt securities issued to any trust, partnership or other entity affiliated with Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited that is a financing vehicle of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in connection with the issuance by such financing entity of preferred securities or other securities guaranteed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited) unless otherwise expressly provided in the terms of any such indebtedness. |
Senior Indebtedness shall continue to be Senior Indebtedness and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior Indebtedness.
Unless otherwise noted in the accompanying prospectus supplement, if Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited defaults in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Indebtedness when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other requisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.
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In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on senior debt securities before the holders of subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.
If any of the following events occur, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will pay in full all Senior Indebtedness before it makes any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:
| • | any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership; |
| • | any general assignment by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the benefit of creditors; or |
| • | any other marshaling of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s assets or liabilities. |
In such event, any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of such subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the Subordinated Indenture and before all the Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, such payment or distribution or security will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Indebtedness in full.
The Subordinated Indenture does not limit the issuance of additional Senior Indebtedness.
If subordinated debt securities are issued to a trust in connection with the issuance of trust preferred securities, such subordinated debt securities may thereafter be distributed pro rata to the holders of such trust securities in connection with the dissolution of such trust upon the occurrence of certain events described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Conversion Rights
In the case of debt securities that are convertible into other securities, an accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the terms on which such securities are convertible into shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or other securities. Those terms will address whether conversion is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. The terms may also provide that the number of shares or interests of our shares of common stock or other securities, as the case may be, to be received by the holders of the convertible debt securities will be calculated according to the market price of our shares of common stock or other securities, as the case may be, as of a time stated in the prospectus supplement or otherwise.
Events of Default, Notice and Waiver
Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “Events of Default” under the Indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:
| • | Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s failure to pay any interest on any debt security of such series when due and payable, continued for 30 days; |
| • | Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s failure to pay principal (or premium, if any) on any debt security of such series when due, regardless of whether such payment became due because of maturity, redemption, acceleration or otherwise, or is required by any sinking fund established with respect to such series; |
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| • | Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s failure to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to such debt securities for 60 days after it receives notice of such failure; |
| • | certain defaults with respect to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s or its subsidiaries’ debt in any aggregate principal amount in excess of $50,000,000 consisting of the failure to make any payment at maturity or that results in acceleration of the maturity of such debt; and |
| • | certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization. |
If an Event of Default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under either of the Indentures shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such Indenture or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable Indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately; provided that, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic; and, provided further, that after such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul such acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived.
Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable.
Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof. Any past default under either Indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any Event of Default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such Indenture, except in the case of (i) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (ii) default in respect of a covenant or provision which may not be amended or modified without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series affected.
The trustee is required, within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of debt securities of such series notice of such default; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment, on any debt securities of such series, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if it in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the holders of debt securities of such series.
The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the Indentures at the request of the holders of debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either Indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to debt securities of such series.
No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited under either of the Indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any)
or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless (i) the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to debt securities of such series specifying an Event of Default, as required under the
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applicable Indenture, (ii) the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of that series then outstanding under such Indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request and (iii) the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request.
The terms of the Indentures require that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited furnish annually to the trustee statements as to its compliance with all conditions and covenants under each Indenture.
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may discharge or defease its obligations under each Indenture as set forth below.
Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the Senior Indenture or the Subordinated Indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and which have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year) by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or, in the case of debt securities payable only in U.S. dollars, U.S. Government Obligations (as defined in either Indenture), as trust funds in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities.
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may elect either (i) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to debt securities of or within any series (except as otherwise provided in the relevant Indenture) (“defeasance”) or (ii) to be released from its obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant Indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient, without reinvestment, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to defeasance or covenant defeasance, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant Indenture. In addition, in the case of either defeasance or covenant defeasance, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited shall have delivered to the trustee (i) an officers’ certificate to the effect that the relevant debt securities exchange(s) have informed it that neither such debt securities nor any other debt securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit and (ii) an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may exercise its defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding its prior exercise of its covenant defeasance option.
Modification and Waiver
Under the Indentures, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and the applicable trustee may supplement the Indentures for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and the
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applicable trustee may also modify the Indentures or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the Indenture. However, the Indentures require the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:
| • | extend the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof; |
| • | reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount debt security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof; |
| • | change the currency in which any debt security or any premium or interest is payable; |
| • | impair the right to institute suit for any payment on or with respect to any debt security; |
| • | reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for modification or amendment of the Indentures or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the Indentures or for waiver of certain defaults; |
| • | reduce the requirements contained in the Indentures for quorum or voting; or |
| • | modify any of the above provisions. |
If subordinated debt securities are held by a trust or a trustee of a trust, a supplemental indenture that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities will not be effective until the holders of not less than a majority in liquidation preference of the preferred securities and common securities of the applicable trust, collectively, have consented to the supplemental indenture; provided, further, that if the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security is required, the supplemental indenture will not be effective until each holder of the preferred securities and the common securities of the applicable trust has consented to the supplemental indenture.
The Indentures permit the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the Indentures which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s compliance with certain covenants contained in the Indentures.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may designate for such purpose from time to time.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, at Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, a paying agent designated by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus
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supplement. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for debt securities of a particular series.
All moneys paid by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for payment thereof.
Denominations, Registrations and Transfer
Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s records.
A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:
| • | DTC notifies Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited that it is unwilling or unable to continue serving as the depositary for the relevant global securities; or |
| • | DTC ceases to maintain certain qualifications under the Exchange Act and no successor depositary has been appointed for 90 days; or |
| • | Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited determines, in its sole discretion, that the global security shall be exchangeable. |
If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited under the Indentures. Exchanges of debt securities for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.
Governing Law
The Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws.
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We may issue warrants to purchase our debt or equity securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. A series of warrants may be issued under a separate warrant indenture between us and a warrant agent. The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of any applicable warrant indenture will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
| • | the title of such warrants; |
| • | the aggregate number of such warrants; |
| • | the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued; |
| • | the currency or currencies, in which the price of such warrants will be payable; |
| • | the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants; |
| • | the price at which and the currency or currencies in which the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased; |
| • | the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire; |
| • | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; |
| • | if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security; |
| • | if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; |
| • | information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
| • | if applicable, a discussion of any material United States Federal income tax considerations; and |
| • | any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants. |
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We may issue rights to purchase our securities. These rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered by this prospectus and may or may not be transferable by the person receiving the rights in the rights offering. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with one or more underwriters pursuant to which the underwriter will purchase any securities that remain unsubscribed for upon completion of the rights offering.
The applicable prospectus supplement relating to any rights will describe the terms of the offered rights, including, where applicable, the following:
| • | the exercise price for the rights; |
| • | the number of rights issued to each securityholder; |
| • | the extent to which the rights are transferable; |
| • | any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights; |
| • | the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the right will expire; |
| • | the amount of rights outstanding; |
| • | the extent to which the rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; and |
| • | the material terms of any standby underwriting arrangement entered into by us in connection with the rights offering. |
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The following briefly summarizes the material provisions of the deposit agreement and of the depositary shares and depositary receipts, other than pricing and related terms disclosed for a particular issuance in an accompanying prospectus supplement. You should read the particular terms of any depositary shares and any depositary receipts that we offer and any deposit agreement relating to a particular series of preferred shares which will be described in more detail in a prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement will also state whether any of the generalized provisions summarized below do not apply to the depositary shares or depositary receipts being offered. A copy of the form of deposit agreement, including the form of depositary receipt, will be filed with the SEC at the time of the offering and incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You can obtain copies of these documents when they are filed by following the directions outlined in “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
General
We may offer fractional preferred shares, rather than whole preferred shares. In such event, we will issue receipts for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of preferred shares.
Deposit Agreement
The preferred shares underlying any depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company acting as depositary with respect to that series. The depositary will have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. The prospectus supplement relating to a series of depositary shares will include the name and address of the depositary. Under the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to its fractional interest in a preferred share underlying that depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of that preferred share, including dividend, voting, redemption, conversion, and exchange and liquidation rights.
The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional preferred shares in accordance with the terms of the applicable prospectus supplement.
Dividends and Other Distributions
The preferred share depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the deposited preferred shares to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred share in proportion to the number of such depositary shares owned by such holders.
The preferred share depositary will distribute any property other than cash received by it in respect of the preferred shares to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto. If the preferred share depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution, it may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.
Each deposit agreement will also contain provisions relating to the manner in which any subscription or similar rights we offer to preferred shareholders of the relevant series will be made available to depositary shareholders.
Withdrawal of Shares
Upon surrender of depositary receipts at the depositary’s office, the holder of the relevant depositary shares will be entitled to the number of whole shares of the related preferred shares series and any money or other
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property that those depositary shares represent. Depositary shareholders will be entitled to receive whole shares of the related preferred shares series on the basis described in the prospectus supplement, but holders of those whole preferred shares will not afterwards be entitled to receive depositary shares in exchange for their shares. If the depositary receipts the holder delivers evidence a depositary share number exceeding the whole share number of the related preferred shares series to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to that holder a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares.
Redemption of Preferred Shares
If a series of preferred shares represented by depositary shares is to be redeemed, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the preferred shares depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of such series of preferred shares. The depositary shares will be redeemed by the preferred shares depositary at a price per depositary share equal to the applicable fraction of the redemption price per share payable in respect of the shares of preferred shares so redeemed.
Whenever we redeem preferred shares held by the preferred shares depositary, the preferred shares depositary will redeem as of the same date the number of depositary shares representing the preferred shares so redeemed. If fewer than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by the preferred shares depositary by lot or ratably or by any other equitable method as the preferred shares depositary may select.
Convertibility and Exchangeability
Preferred shares of a series may be convertible or exchangeable into our common shares, another series of preferred shares or other securities or property. The conversion or exchange may be mandatory or optional. The applicable prospectus supplement will specify whether the preferred shares being offered have any conversion or exchange features, and will describe the related terms and conditions.
Voting Deposited Preferred Shares
Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of any series of deposited preferred shares are entitled to vote, the preferred shares depositary will mail the information contained in such notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such series of preferred shares. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date will be entitled to instruct the preferred shares depositary to vote the amount of the preferred shares represented by such holder’s depositary shares. The preferred shares depositary will try to vote the amount of such series of preferred shares represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions.
We will agree to take all actions that the preferred shares depositary determines are reasonably necessary to enable the preferred shares depositary to vote as instructed. The preferred shares depositary will abstain from voting any series of preferred shares held by it for which it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing such shares.
Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement
The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the preferred shares depositary. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters any existing right of the holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by the holders of at least a majority of such depositary shares then issued and outstanding. Every holder of an outstanding depositary receipt at the time any such amendment becomes effective shall be deemed, by continuing to hold such depositary receipt, to consent and
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agree to such amendment and to be bound by the deposit agreement, which has been amended thereby. The deposit agreement may be terminated only if:
| • | all issued and outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; or |
| • | a final distribution in respect of the preferred shares has been made to the holders of depositary shares in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up. |
Charges of Preferred Shares Depositary; Taxes and other Governmental Charges
We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We also will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of preferred shares and any redemption of preferred shares. Holders of depositary receipts will pay other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and such other charges, including a fee for the withdrawal of preferred shares upon surrender of depositary receipts, as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.
Resignation and Removal of Depositary
The preferred shares depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its intent to do so, and we may at any time remove the preferred shares depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor preferred shares depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor preferred shares depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and will have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.
Miscellaneous
The preferred shares depositary will forward all reports and communications from us which are delivered to the preferred shares depositary and which we are required to furnish to the holders of the deposited preferred shares.
Neither we nor the preferred shares depositary will be liable if either is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstances beyond its control in performing its obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the preferred shares depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of their duties thereunder and they will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary shares, depositary receipts or preferred shares unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the preferred shares depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or upon information provided by holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.
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We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of:
| • | debt securities or equity securities issued by us as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement; or |
| • | currencies. |
Each purchase contract will entitle its holder to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase contract, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities or currencies and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.
The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders thereof or vice versa, which payments may be deferred to the extent set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, and those payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require the holders thereof to secure their obligations in a specified manner to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Alternatively, purchase contracts may require holders to satisfy their obligations thereunder when the purchase contracts are issued. Our obligation to settle such pre-paid purchase contracts on the relevant settlement date may constitute indebtedness. Accordingly, pre-paid purchase contracts may be issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture.
We may issue units consisting of one or more debt securities, purchase contracts, warrants, rights, preferred shares, depositary shares, common shares or any combination of such securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:
| • | the terms of the units and of the debt securities, purchase contracts, warrants, rights, preferred shares, depositary shares, and common shares comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately; |
| • | a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units; and |
| • | a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange or the units. |
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Authorized Share Capital
Our authorized share capital consists of 60,000,000 common shares, par value $5.00 per share, and 25,000,000 blank check preferred shares, $1.00 par value per share. 5,400,000 preferred shares have been designated Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “—Series E Preferred Shares”, and 8,100,000 preferred shares have been designated Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “— Series F Preferred Shares.” As of June 30, 2026, there were outstanding: 30,127,103 common shares (and 678,673 common shares issued and held as treasury shares), 4,745,947 9.25% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, and 6,747,147 9.50% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares.
Common Shares
The holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends out of assets legally available for that purpose at times and in amounts as our board of directors may from time to time declare. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each common share held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Cumulative voting for the election of directors is not provided for in our Bye-laws, which means that the holders of a majority of the common shares voted can elect all of the directors then standing for election. Our Bye-laws provide for a staggered board of directors, with one-third of those directors who are not managing directors (as defined in our Bye-laws and which consist of our executive directors) selected each year. The common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights and are not subject to conversion or redemption. Upon the occurrence of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common shares would be entitled to share ratably in the distribution of all of our assets remaining available for distribution after satisfaction of all our liabilities.
Preferred Shares
Under our Bye-laws, our board of directors has the authority to issue preferred shares in one or more series, and to establish the terms and preferences of the shares of each series, up to the number of preferred shares authorized under our constitutive documents as described above. Holders of each series of preferred shares will be entitled to receive cash dividends, when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Such distributions will be made before any distribution is made on any securities ranking junior in relation to preferred shares in liquidation, including common shares.
Series E Preferred Shares
We had 4,745,947 of our 9.25% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2026, which were issued on April 5, 2017, during 2021 and in the first quarter of 2022. The initial liquidation preference of the Series E Preferred Shares is $25.00 per share, subject to adjustment. The shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after May 28, 2027. Dividends on the Series E Preferred Shares are cumulative from the date of original issue and will be payable quarterly in arrears on the 28th day of February, May, August and November of each year, commencing May 28, 2017, when, as and if declared by our board of directors. Dividends will be payable from cash available for dividends (i) from and including the original issue date to, but excluding, May 28, 2027 at a fixed rate equal to 9.25% per annum of the stated liquidation preference and (ii) from and including May 28, 2027, at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 6.881% per annum of the stated liquidation preference. The Certificate of Designations for the Series E Preferred Shares states that if fewer than three New York City banks selected by the Company quote three-month LIBOR rates in the manner described in the Certificate of Designations, the three-month LIBOR Rate for the applicable dividend period will be the same as for the immediately preceding dividend period, or, if there was no such dividend period, the dividend shall be calculated at the dividend rate in effect for
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the immediately preceding dividend period. Accordingly, as three-month LIBOR has been permanently discontinued, we expect that from and including May 28, 2027, the dividend rate applicable to the Series E Preferred Shares will remain at the same rate applicable to prior dividend periods in accordance with the Certificate of Designations for the Series E Preferred Shares (i.e., the fixed rate of 9.25% per annum). The Series E Preferred Shares represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, do not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date. As such, the Series E Preferred Shares rank junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of us, holders of the Series E Preferred Shares and any pari passu securities will generally be entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the liquidation preference of the Series E Preferred Shares, or, in the case of pari passu securities, the liquidation preference of such series of pari passu securities, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends ratably with any pari passu securities, after satisfaction of all liabilities to our creditors and holders of securities senior to the Series E Preferred Shares, but before any distribution is made to or set aside for the holders of junior shares, including our common shares. The Series E Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Series F Preferred Shares. The Series E Preferred Shares are not convertible into common shares or other of our securities, do not have exchange rights and their holders are not entitled to any preemptive or similar rights.
Series F Preferred Shares
We had 6,747,147 of our 9.50% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2026, which were issued on June 28, 2018, during 2021 and in the first quarter of 2022. The initial liquidation preference of the Series F Preferred Shares is $25.00 per share, subject to adjustment. The shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after July 30, 2028. Dividends on the Series F Preferred Shares are cumulative from the date of original issue and will be payable quarterly in arrears on the 30th day of January, April, July and October of each year, commencing October 30, 2018, when, as and if declared by our board of directors. Dividends will be payable from cash available for dividends (i) from and including the original issue date to, but excluding, July 30, 2028 at a fixed rate equal to 9.50% per annum of the stated liquidation preference and (ii) from and including July 30, 2028, at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 6.54% per annum of the stated liquidation preference. The Certificate of Designations for the Series F Preferred Shares states that if fewer than three New York City banks selected by the Company quote three-month LIBOR rates in the manner described in the Certificate of Designations, the three-month LIBOR Rate for the applicable dividend period will be the same as for the immediately preceding dividend period, or, if there was no such dividend period, the dividend shall be calculated at the dividend rate in effect for the immediately preceding dividend period. However, if the Company or the calculation agent for the Series F Preferred Shares determines that LIBOR has been permanently discontinued, the calculation agent shall use, as a substitute for LIBOR (the “Alternative Rate”) and for each future dividend determination date, the alternative reference rate selected by the central bank, reserve bank, monetary authority or any similar institution (including any committee or working group thereof) that is consistent with accepted market practice. As part of such substitution, the calculation agent shall, after consultation with the Company, make such adjustments to the Alternative Rate or the spread thereon, as well as the business day convention, dividend determination dates and related provisions and definitions, in each case that are consistent with accepted market practice for the use of such Alternative Rate for obligations such as the Series F Preferred Shares. If, however, the calculation agent determines that LIBOR has been discontinued, but for any reason an Alternative Rate has not been determined, LIBOR shall be equal to such rate on the dividend determination date when LIBOR was last available on the Reuters Page LIBOR01, as determined by the calculation agent. Accordingly, as three-month LIBOR has been permanently discontinued, we expect that from and including July 30, 2028, the dividend rate applicable to the Series F Preferred Shares will be based on a replacement rate based on three-month CME Term SOFR plus a customary adjustment amount. The Series F Preferred Shares represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, do not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date. As such, the Series F Preferred Shares rank junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of us, holders of the Series F Preferred Shares and any pari passu securities will generally be entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the
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liquidation preference of the Series F Preferred Shares, or, in the case of pari passu securities, the liquidation preference of such series of pari passu securities, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends ratably with any pari passu securities, after satisfaction of all liabilities to our creditors and holders of securities senior to the Series F Preferred Shares, but before any distribution is made to or set aside for the holders of junior shares, including our common shares. The Series F Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Series E Preferred Shares. The Series F Preferred Shares are not convertible into common shares or other of our securities, do not have exchange rights and their holders are not entitled to any preemptive or similar rights.
Bermuda Law
We are an exempted company organized under the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, as amended (the “Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda”). Bermuda law and our Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws govern the rights of our shareholders. Our objects and purposes are set forth in paragraph 6 and the Schedule to our Memorandum of Association. Our objects and purposes include to act and to perform all the functions of a holding company in all its branches and to coordinate the policy and administration of any subsidiary company or companies wherever incorporated or carrying on business or of any group of companies of which we or any subsidiary of ours is a member or which are in any manner controlled directly or indirectly by us. The Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. The following is a summary of the material provisions of Bermuda law and our organizational documents. You should read the more detailed provisions of our Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws for provisions that may be important to you. You can obtain copies of these documents by following the directions outlined in “Available Information.”
Dividends. Under Bermuda law, a company may not pay dividends that are declared from time to time by its board of directors or make a distribution out of contributed surplus if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due or that the realizable value of its assets would then be less than its liabilities.
Voting rights. Under Bermuda law, except as otherwise provided in the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda or our Bye-laws, questions brought before a general meeting of shareholders are decided by a majority vote of common shareholders present at the meeting. Our Bye-laws provide that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, any question proposed for the consideration of the shareholders will be decided in a general meeting by a simple majority of the votes cast, on a show of hands, with each shareholder present (and each person holding proxies for any shareholder) entitled to one vote for each common share held by the common shareholder, except for special situations where a shareholder has lost the right to vote because he has failed to comply with the terms of a notice requiring him to provide information to the company pursuant to the Bye-laws, or his voting rights have been partly suspended under the Bye-laws as a consequence of becoming an interested person. In addition, a super-majority vote of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the votes cast at the meeting is required to effect any action related to the variation of class rights and a vote of not less than eighty percent (80%) of the votes cast at the meeting is required to effect any of the following actions: removal of directors, approval of business combinations with certain “interested” persons and for any alteration to the provisions of the Bye-laws relating to the staggered board, removal of directors and business combinations.
The Series E and Series F Preferred Shares have no voting rights except as set forth below or as otherwise provided by Bermuda law. In the event that six quarterly dividends, whether consecutive or not, payable on Series E or Series F Preferred Shares are in arrears, the holders of Series E and/or Series F Preferred Shares, as the case may be, will have the right, voting separately as a class together with holders of any other parity securities upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable, at the next meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors, to elect one member of our board of directors, and the size of our board of directors will be increased as needed to accommodate such change (unless the size of our board of directors already has been increased by reason of the election of a director by holders of parity securities upon
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which like voting rights have been conferred and with which the Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, respectively, voted as a class for the election of such director). The right of such holders of Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, as the case may be, to elect a member of our board of directors will continue until such time as all dividends accumulated and in arrears on the Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, as the case may be, have been paid in full, at which time such right will terminate, subject to revesting in the event of each and every subsequent failure to pay six quarterly dividends as described above. Upon any termination of the right of the holders of the Series E and Series F Preferred Shares and any other parity securities to vote as a class for directors, the term of office of all directors then in office elected by such holders voting as a class will terminate immediately. Any directors elected by the holders of the Series E and Series F Preferred Shares and any other parity securities shall each be entitled to one vote per director on any matter before our board of directors.
Unless we have received the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding, Series E, and Series F Preferred Shares, respectively, each voting as a single class, we may not adopt any amendment to the Memorandum of Association that adversely alters the preferences, powers or rights of Series E and Series F Preferred Shares in any material respect;
In addition, unless we have received the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding, Series E and Series F Preferred Shares, respectively, each voting as a single class, we may not
| • | issue any securities ranking pari passu with the Series E and Series F Preferred Shares if the cumulative dividends payable on outstanding Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, as applicable, are in arrears; or |
| • | create or issue any equity securities ranking senior to the Series E and Series F Preferred Shares. |
On any matter described above in which the holders of the Series E and Series F Preferred Shares, respectively, are entitled to vote as a class, such holders will be entitled to one vote per share. The Series E and Series F Preferred Shares held by us or any of our subsidiaries or affiliates will not be entitled to vote.
Rights in liquidation. Under Bermuda law, in the event of liquidation or winding up of a company, after satisfaction in full of all claims of creditors and subject to the preferential rights accorded to any series of preferred shares, the proceeds of the liquidation or winding up are distributed ratably among the holders of the company’s common shares.
Meetings of shareholders. Bermuda law provides that a special general meeting may be called by the board of directors and must be called upon the request of shareholders holding not less than 10% of the paid-up capital of the company carrying the right to vote. Bermuda law also requires that shareholders be given at least five (5) days’ advance notice of a general meeting but the accidental omission to give notice to, or the non-receipt of such notice by, any person does not invalidate the proceedings at a meeting. Under our Bye-laws, we must give each shareholder at least ten (10) days’ notice and no more than fifty (50) days’ notice of the annual general meeting and of any special general meeting.
Under Bermuda law, the number of shareholders constituting a quorum at any general meeting of shareholders is determined by the Bye-laws of a company. Our Bye-laws provide that the presence in person or by proxy of two shareholders constitutes a quorum; but if we have only one shareholder, one shareholder present in person or by proxy shall constitute the necessary quorum.
Access to books and records and dissemination of information. Members of the general public have the right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include a company’s Certificate of Incorporation, its Memorandum of Association (including its objects and powers) and any alteration to its Memorandum of Association and a copy of its Directors’ register. The shareholders have the additional right to inspect the Bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings and the company’s audited financial statements, which must be presented at the annual general meeting. The
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register of shareholders of a company is also open to inspection by shareholders without charge and by members of the general public without charge. A company is required to maintain its share register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of Bermuda law, establish a branch register outside Bermuda. We maintain a share register in Hamilton, Bermuda. A company is required to keep at its registered office a register of its directors and officers that is open for inspection for not less than two (2) hours each day by members of the public without charge. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect or obtain copies of any other corporate records.
Election or removal of directors. Under Bermuda law and our Bye-laws, directors are elected or appointed at the annual general meeting and serve until re-elected or re-appointed or until their successors are elected or appointed, unless they are earlier removed or resign. Our Bye-laws provide for a staggered board of directors, with one-third of the non-executive directors selected each year provided that managing directors are not subject to retirement by rotation and therefore may not be subject to re-election each year. Under Bermuda law and our Bye-laws, a director may be removed at a special general meeting of shareholders specifically called for that purpose, provided the director is served with at least 14 days’ notice. The director has a right to be heard at that meeting. Any vacancy created by the removal of a director at a special or general meeting may be filled at that meeting by the election of another director in his or her place or, in the absence of any such election, by the board of directors.
Amendment of Memorandum of Association. Bermuda law provides that the Memorandum of Association of a company may be amended by a resolution passed at a general meeting of shareholders of which due notice has been given. Generally, our Bye-laws may be amended by the directors with the approval of a majority being not less than 75% of the votes of the shareholders in a general meeting. However, a super-majority vote is required for certain resolutions relating to the variation of class rights, the removal of directors by shareholders, the approval of business combinations with certain ‘interested persons’ and for any alteration to the provisions of the Bye-laws relating to the staggered board, removal of directors and business combinations.
Under Bermuda law, the holders of an aggregate of no less than 20% in par value of a company’s issued share capital or any class of issued share capital have the right to apply to the Bermuda Court for an annulment of any amendment of the Memorandum of Association adopted by shareholders at any general meeting, other than an amendment which alters or reduces a company’s share capital as provided in the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda. Where such an application is made, the amendment becomes effective only to the extent that it is confirmed by the Bermuda Court. An application for the annulment of an amendment of the Memorandum of Association must be made within 21 days after the date on which the resolution altering the company’s memorandum is passed and may be made on behalf of the persons entitled to make the application by one or more of their number as they may appoint in writing for the purpose. Persons voting in favor of the amendment may make no such application.
Appraisal rights and shareholder suits. Under Bermuda law, in the event of an amalgamation or merger involving a Bermuda company, a shareholder who is not satisfied that fair value has been paid for his shares may apply to the Bermuda Court to appraise the fair value of his or her shares. The amalgamation or merger of a company with another company requires the amalgamation or merger agreement to be approved by the board of directors and, except where the amalgamation or merger is between a holding company and one or more of its wholly owned subsidiaries or between two or more wholly owned subsidiaries, by meetings of the holders of shares of each company and of each class of such shares.
Class actions and derivative actions are generally not available to shareholders under Bermuda law. The Bermuda Court, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the name of a company to remedy a wrong done to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power of the company or is illegal or would result in the violation of the company’s Memorandum of Association or Bye-laws. Further consideration would be given by the Bermuda Court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against the minority shareholders or, for instance, where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company’s shareholders than that which actually approved it.
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When the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some part of the shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply to the Bermuda Court for an order regulating the company’s conduct of affairs in the future or compelling the purchase of the shares by any shareholder, by other shareholders or by the company.
Anti-takeover effects of provisions of our charter documents
Several provisions of our Bye-laws may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of our board of directors to maximize shareholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire us. However, these anti-takeover provisions, which are summarized below, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or acquisition of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, that a shareholder may consider in our best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Classified board of directors.
Our Bye-laws provide for a classified board of directors with one-third of our directors being selected each year. This classified board provision could discourage a third-party from making a tender offer for our shares or attempting to obtain control of our company. It could also delay shareholders who do not agree with the policies of the board of directors from removing a majority of the board of directors for two years.
Transactions involving certain business combinations.
Our Bye-laws prohibit the consummation of any business combination involving us and any interested person, unless the transaction is approved by a vote of a majority of 80% of those present and voting at a general meeting of our shareholders, unless:
| • | the ratio of (i) the aggregate amount of cash and the fair market value of other consideration to be received per share in the business combination by holders of shares other than the interested person involved in the business combination, to (ii) the market price per share, immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed business combination, is at least as great as the ratio of (iii) the highest per share price, (including brokerage commissions, transfer taxes and soliciting dealers’ fees), which the interested person has theretofore paid in acquiring any share prior to the business combination, to (iv) the market price per share immediately prior to the initial acquisition by the interested person of any shares; |
| • | the aggregate amount of the cash and the fair market value of other consideration to be received per share in the business combination by holders of shares other than the interested person involved in the business combination (i) is not less than the highest per share price (including brokerage commissions, transfer taxes and soliciting dealers’ fees) paid by the interested person in acquiring any shares, and (ii) is not less than the consolidated earnings per share of our company for our four full consecutive fiscal quarters immediately preceding the record date for solicitation of votes on the business combination multiplied by the then price/earnings multiple (if any) of the interested person as customarily computed and reported in the financial community; |
| • | the consideration (if any) to be received in the business combination by holders of shares other than the interested person involved shall, except to the extent that a shareholder agrees otherwise as to all or part of the shares which the shareholder owns, be in the same form and of the same kind as the consideration paid by the interested person in acquiring shares already owned by it; |
| • | after the interested person became an interested person and prior to the consummation of the business combination: (i) such interested person shall have taken steps to ensure that the board includes at all times representation by continuing directors proportionate in number to the ratio that the number of shares carrying voting rights in our company from time to time owned by shareholders who are not |
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| interested persons bears to all shares carrying voting rights in our company outstanding at the time in question (with a continuing director to occupy any resulting fractional position among the directors); (ii) the interested person shall not have acquired from us or any of our subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, any shares (except (x) upon conversion of convertible securities acquired by it prior to becoming an interested person, or (y) as a result of a pro rata share dividend, share split or division or subdivision of shares, or (z) in a transaction consummated on or after June 7, 2001 and which satisfied all requirements of our Bye-laws); (iii) the interested person shall not have acquired any additional shares, or rights over shares, carrying voting rights or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares, or rights over shares, carrying voting rights except as a part of the transaction which resulted in the interested person becoming an interested person; and (iv) the interested person shall not have (x) received the benefit, directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a shareholder), of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial assistance or tax credits provided by us or any subsidiary of ours, or (y) made any major change in our business or equity capital structure or entered into any contract, arrangement or understanding with us except any change, contract, arrangement or understanding as may have been approved by the favorable vote of not less than a majority of the continuing directors; and; |
| • | a proxy statement complying with the requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, shall have been mailed to all holders of shares carrying voting rights for the purpose of soliciting approval by the shareholders of the business combination. The proxy statement shall contain at the front thereof, in a prominent place, any recommendations as to the advisability (or inadvisability) of the business combination which the continuing directors, or any of them, may have furnished in writing and, if deemed advisable by a majority of the continuing directors, an opinion of a reputable investment banking firm as to the adequacy (or inadequacy) of the terms of the business combination from the point of view of the holders of shares carrying voting rights other than any interested person (the investment banking firm to be selected by a majority of the continuing directors, to be furnished with all information it reasonably requests, and to be paid a reasonable fee for its services upon receipt by us of the opinion); |
For purposes of this provision, a “business combination” includes amalgamations, consolidations, exchanges, asset sales, leases and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested shareholder and an “interested person” is any person or entity that beneficially owns 15% or more of our voting shares and any person or entity affiliated with or controlling or controlled by that person or entity. “Continuing directors” means directors who have been elected before June 7, 2001 or designated as continuing directors by the majority of the then continuing directors.
Consequences of becoming an interested person.
Our Bye-laws provide that, at any time a person acquires or becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of our voting shares, which we refer to as the “threshold,” then, except as permitted by our bye-laws, the person will not be entitled to exercise voting rights for the number of common shares in excess of the threshold he holds or beneficially owns. This disability applies to any general meeting of our company as to which the record date or scheduled meeting date falls within a period of five years from the date such person acquired beneficial ownership of a number of common shares in excess of the threshold.
The above restrictions do not apply to us, our subsidiaries or to:
| • | any person who on June 7, 2001 was the holder or beneficial owner of a number of shares carrying voting rights that exceeded the threshold and who continues at all times after June 7, 2001 to hold shares in excess of the threshold; and |
| • | any person whose acquisition of a number of shares exceeding the threshold has been approved by (1) a majority of 80% of those present and voting at a general meeting or (2) by a resolution adopted by the continuing directors, followed by a resolution adopted by a shareholder vote in excess of 50% of the voting shares not owned by such interested person. |
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Transfer agent and registrar. Computershare Trust Company N.A. serves as transfer agent and registrar for our common shares and our Series E Preferred Shares and Series F Preferred Shares.
New York Stock Exchange listing. Our common shares are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “TEN.” Our Series E Preferred Shares and Series F Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the trading symbols “TEN PR E” and “TEN PR F”, respectively.
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CONVERTIBLE OR EXCHANGEABLE SECURITIES
We may issue securities of the types described in this prospectus that are convertible or exchangeable into other securities described herein. The terms of such convertible or exchangeable securities will be set forth in a prospectus supplement.
We will issue securities only in registered form; no securities will be issued in bearer form. We will issue each security other than common shares in book-entry form only, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will issue common shares in both certificated and book-entry form, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Securities in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the securities represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a global security will do so through participants in the depositary’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants. Only the depositary will be entitled to transfer or exchange a security in global form, since it will be the sole holder of the security. These book-entry securities are described below under “Book-Entry Procedures and Settlement.”
If any securities are issued in non-global form or cease to be book-entry securities (in the circumstances described in the next section), the following will apply to them:
| • | The securities will be issued in fully registered form in denominations stated in the prospectus supplement. You may exchange securities for securities of the same series in smaller denominations or combined into fewer securities of the same series of larger denominations, as long as the total amount is not changed. |
| • | You may exchange, transfer, present for payment or exercise securities at the office of the relevant indenture trustee or agent indicated in the prospectus supplement. You may also replace lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated securities at that office. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or we may perform them ourselves. |
| • | You will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange your securities, but you may be required to pay any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. The transfer or exchange, and any replacement, will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with your proof of legal ownership. The transfer agent may also require an indemnity before replacing any securities. |
| • | If we have the right to redeem, accelerate or settle any securities before their maturity or expiration, and we exercise that right as to less than all those securities, we may block the transfer or exchange of those securities during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of exercise and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers of or exchange any security selected for early settlement, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unsettled portion of any security being partially settled. |
| • | If fewer than all of the securities represented by a certificate that are payable or exercisable in part are presented for payment or exercise, a new certificate will be issued for the remaining amount of securities. |
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BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT
Most offered securities will be book-entry (global) securities. Upon issuance, all book-entry securities will be represented by one or more fully registered global securities, without coupons. Each global security will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or DTC, a securities depositary, and will be registered in the name of Cede & Co. or another nominee of DTC. DTC, Cede & Co., or such nominee, will thus be the only registered holder of these securities. Except as set forth below, the registered global securities may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to Cede & Co., another nominee of DTC or to a successor of DTC or its nominee.
Purchasers of securities may only hold interests in the global securities through DTC if they are participants in the DTC system. Individual certificates in respect of the securities will not be issued in exchange for the registered global securities, except in very limited circumstances. Purchasers may also hold interests through a securities intermediary—banks, brokerage houses and other institutions that maintain securities accounts for customers—that has an account with DTC or its nominee. DTC will maintain accounts showing the security holdings of its participants, and these participants will in turn maintain accounts showing the security holdings of their customers. Some of these customers may themselves be securities intermediaries holding securities for their customers. Thus, each beneficial owner of a book-entry security will hold that security indirectly through a hierarchy of intermediaries, with DTC at the top and the beneficial owner’s own securities intermediary at the bottom.
The securities of each beneficial owner of a book-entry security will be evidenced solely by entries on the books of the beneficial owner’s securities intermediary. The actual purchaser of the securities will generally not be entitled to have the securities represented by the global securities registered in its name and will not be considered the owner under the declaration. In most cases, a beneficial owner will also not be able to obtain a paper certificate evidencing the holder’s ownership of securities. The book-entry system for holding securities eliminates the need for physical movement of certificates and is the system through which most publicly traded common shares are held in the United States. However, the laws of some jurisdictions require some purchasers of securities to take physical delivery of their securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to transfer book-entry securities.
Title to book-entry interests in the securities will pass by book-entry registration of the transfer within the records of DTC in accordance with its procedures.
If DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a clearing system in connection with the registered global securities or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor clearing system is not appointed by us within 90 days after receiving that notice from DTC or upon becoming aware that DTC is no longer so registered, we will issue or cause to be issued individual certificates in registered form on registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, book-entry interests in the securities represented by registered global securities upon delivery of those registered global securities for cancellation. We may also permit beneficial owners of book-entry securities represented by a global security to exchange their beneficial interests for definitive (paper) securities if, in our sole discretion, we decide to allow some or all book-entry securities to be exchangeable for definitive securities in registered form.
Unless we indicate otherwise, any global security that is exchangeable will be exchangeable in whole for definitive securities in registered form, with the same terms and of an equal aggregate principal amount. Definitive securities will be registered in the name or names of the person or persons specified by DTC in a written instruction to the registrar of the securities. DTC may base its written instruction upon directions that it receives from its participants.
In this prospectus, for book-entry securities, references to actions taken by security holders will mean actions taken by DTC upon instructions from its participants, and references to payments and notices of redemption to
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security holders will mean payments and notices of redemption to DTC as the registered holder of the securities for distribution to participants in accordance with DTC’s procedures.
Initial settlement for the securities offered on a global basis through DTC will be made in immediately available funds. Secondary market trading between DTC’s participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with DTC’s rules and will be settled in immediately available funds using DTC’s Same-Day Funds Settlement System.
Although DTC has agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of interests in the securities among participants thereof, it is under no obligation to perform or continue to perform the foregoing procedures and these procedures may be changed or discontinued at any time.
DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a clearing corporation within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a clearing agency registered under section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.
We will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interest in the book-entry securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.
Information about selling shareholders, if any, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment, or in filings we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference.
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We or any selling shareholders (or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest) may offer and sell, from time to time, the securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. We have registered the securities covered by this prospectus for offer and sale so that those securities may be freely sold to the public. Registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean, however, that those securities necessarily will be offered or sold.
Securities covered by this prospectus may be sold from time to time, in one or more transactions, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to market prices, at a fixed price or prices subject to change, at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices, by a variety of methods including the following:
| • | on the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or in the U.S. inter-dealer system of a registered national securities association on which our common shares may be listed or quoted at the time of sale; |
| • | in the over-the-counter market; |
| • | in privately negotiated transactions; |
| • | in an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; |
| • | as settlement of short sales entered into after the date of the prospectus; |
| • | through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise; |
| • | through broker-dealers, who may act as agents or principals; |
| • | through sales “at the market” to or through a market-maker; |
| • | in a block trade, in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell a block as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; |
| • | through one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or best-efforts basis; |
| • | directly by us or a selling shareholder to one or more purchasers; |
| • | through agents; |
| • | in option transactions; |
| • | upon conversion or in exchange for other securities; |
| • | over the Internet; |
| • | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law; or |
| • | in any combination of the above. |
In effecting sales, brokers or dealers engaged by us or the selling shareholders may arrange for other brokers or dealers to participate. Broker-dealer transactions may include:
| • | purchases of the securities by a broker-dealer as principal and resales of the securities by the broker-dealer for its account pursuant to this prospectus; |
| • | ordinary brokerage transactions; or |
| • | transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers. |
In addition, we or the selling shareholders or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest may also sell common shares or preferred shares in transactions that are exempt from registration under the Securities Act rather than under this prospectus.
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We may also issue our common shares to officers, directors, employees, consultants, agents or other persons, including selling shareholders, pursuant to awards made under our equity incentive plans or otherwise. Such common shares may be resold by our officers and directors under this prospectus as indicated in a prospectus supplement.
In connection with the sale of securities covered by this prospectus, broker-dealers may receive commissions or other compensation from us or the selling shareholders in the form of commissions, discounts or concessions. Broker-dealers may also receive compensation from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents or to whom they sell as principals or both. Compensation as to a particular broker-dealer may be in excess of customary commissions or in amounts to be negotiated. In connection with any underwritten offering, underwriters may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or the selling shareholders, or from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. The selling shareholders and any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any profit on the sale of the securities by them and any discounts, commissions or concessions received by any of those underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
In connection with the distribution of the securities covered by this prospectus or otherwise, we or the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions. In connection with such transactions, broker-dealers or other financial institutions may engage in short sales of our securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume with us or the selling shareholders. Additionally, in connection with such a distribution, we or the selling shareholders may loan common shares pursuant to share lending agreements or otherwise. We may also sell securities short and deliver the securities offered by this prospectus to close out our short positions. We or the selling shareholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus, as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction. We or the selling shareholders may also from time to time pledge securities pursuant to the margin provisions of any customer agreements with brokers. Upon default, the broker may offer and sell such pledged securities from time to time pursuant to this prospectus, as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction.
At any time a particular offer of the securities covered by this prospectus is made, a revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate amount of securities covered by this prospectus being offered and the terms of the offering, including the expected issue price or method of determining the price, the time period during which the offer will be open and whether the purchase period may be extended or shortened, the method and time limits for paying up and delivering securities, name or names of any underwriters, dealers, brokers or agents, any discounts, commissions, concessions and other items constituting compensation from us or the selling shareholders, any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers and the names of the selling shareholders and the number of securities being offered by them. Such prospectus supplement, and, if necessary, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, will be filed with the SEC to reflect the disclosure of additional information with respect to the distribution of the securities covered by this prospectus. In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities sold under this prospectus may only be sold through registered or licensed broker-dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.
In connection with an underwritten offering, we and, if applicable, the selling shareholders, would execute an underwriting agreement with an underwriter or underwriters. Unless otherwise indicated in the revised
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prospectus or applicable prospectus supplement, such underwriting agreement would provide that the obligations of the underwriter or underwriters are subject to certain conditions precedent and that the underwriter or underwriters with respect to a sale of the covered securities will be obligated to purchase all of the covered securities if any such securities are purchased. We or the selling shareholders may grant to the underwriter or underwriters an option to purchase additional securities at the public offering price, as may be set forth in the revised prospectus or applicable prospectus supplement. If we or the selling shareholders grant any such option, the terms of the option will be set forth in the revised prospectus or applicable prospectus supplement.
If more than five percent of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by any member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or “FINRA”, participating in the offering or by affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member or any participating member who otherwise would have a “conflict of interest” under FINRA Rules, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.
Underwriters, agents, brokers or dealers may be entitled, pursuant to relevant agreements entered into with us or the selling shareholders, to indemnification by us or the selling shareholders against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, that may arise from any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact, or any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact in this prospectus, any supplement or amendment hereto, or in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, or to contribution with respect to payments which the underwriters, agents, brokers or dealers may be required to make.
We will bear all costs relating to all of the securities being registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
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The following table sets forth the expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation, if any) expected to be incurred by us in connection with a possible offering of securities registered under this registration statement.
| SEC Registration Fee |
(1 | ) | ||
| Printing and Engraving Expenses |
* | |||
| Legal Fees and Expenses |
* | |||
| Accountants’ Fees and Expenses |
* | |||
| NYSE Fees |
* | |||
| Trustee’s fees and expenses |
* | |||
| Miscellaneous Costs |
* | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
$ | * | ||
|
|
|
| (1) | The Registrant is registering an indeterminate amount of securities under the registration statement in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r), the Registrant is deferring payment of the registration fee in connection with such securities until the time the securities are sold under the registration statement pursuant to a prospectus supplement. |
| * | To be provided by a prospectus supplement or as an exhibit to a Report on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. |
The validity of the securities offered hereby is being passed upon for us by Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited, Hamilton, Bermuda. Certain matters of New York law are being passed on by Goodwin Procter LLP, New York, New York.
The consolidated financial statements of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited appearing in Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s Annual Report (Form 20-F) for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the effectiveness of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 have been audited by Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A., independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A. is located at 8B Chimarras street, 151 25, Maroussi, Greece and is registered as a corporate body with the public register for company auditors-accountants kept with the Body of Certified Auditors Accountants (“SOEL”), Greece with registration number 107.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
| ITEM 8. | INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS |
The Company’s Bye-laws provide that its directors and officers and former directors and officers shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by The Companies Act of Bermuda 1981, as amended, from time to time, and provide for advances to any indemnified director or officer of expenses in connection with actual proceedings and claims arising out of their status as our director or officer. The Company also maintains a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy on behalf of its directors and officers.
| ITEM 9. | EXHIBITS |
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| Exhibit |
Description | |
| 4.14 | Specimen preferred share certificate (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.15 | Certificate of Designations (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.16 | Form of warrant (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.17 | Form of rights certificate (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.18 | Form of Deposit Agreement (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 5.1 | Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited (special Bermuda counsel to the Company) | |
| 5.2 | Opinion of Goodwin Procter LLP (United States counsel to the Company). | |
| 23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
| 23.2 | Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited (included in Exhibit 5.1). | |
| 23.3 | Consent of Goodwin Procter LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2). | |
| 24.1 | Power of Attorney (included on signature page). | |
| 25.1 | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Senior Indenture (to be filed in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended). | |
| 25.2 | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Subordinated Indenture (to be filed in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended). | |
| 107 | Filing Fee Table. | |
| ITEM 10. | UNDERTAKINGS |
Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information set forth in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrants pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
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(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided, that the registrants include in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act or Rule 3-19 of Regulation S-X if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrants pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by each registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in this registration statement or a prospectus that is part of this registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into this registration statement or a prospectus that is part of this registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in this registration statement or a prospectus that was part of this registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or
(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of a registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrants undertake that in a primary offering of securities of an undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrants will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of an undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of an undersigned registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned registrant;
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(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about an undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of an undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by an undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of each of the registrants pursuant to the provisions set forth or described in Item 8 of this registration statement, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by a registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of such registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Athens, Greece, on July 2, 2026.
| TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED | ||
| By: | /s/ Nikolas P. Tsakos | |
| Name: | Nikolas P. Tsakos | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of Nikolas P. Tsakos, George V. Saroglou and Theoharrys E. Kosmatos his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments or supplements to this Registration Statement, whether pre-effective or post-effective and any and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda, as necessary, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or appropriate to be done with respect to this Registration Statement or any amendments or supplements hereto or any and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated.
| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ Efstratios Georgios Arapoglou Efstratios Georgios Arapoglou |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Nikolas P. Tsakos Nikolas P. Tsakos |
Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer) |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ George V. Saroglou George V. Saroglou |
President, Chief Operating Officer and Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Theoharrys E. Kosmatos Theoharrys E. Kosmatos |
Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Clio Hatzimichalis |
General Counsel and Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| Clio Hatzimichalis | ||||
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| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ Michael G. Jolliffe Michael G. Jolliffe |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Efthimios E. Mitropoulos Efthimios E. Mitropoulos |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Aristides A.N. Patrinos Aristides A.N. Patrinos |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Denis Petropoulos Denis Petropoulos |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Nicholas F. Tommasino Nicholas F. Tommasino |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Karen Purnell Karen Purnell |
Director |
July 2, 2026 | ||
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AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of the aforementioned Registrant, has signed this Registration Statement on July 2, 2026.
| PUGLISI & ASSOCIATES | ||
| By: | /s/ Donald J. Puglisi | |
| Name: | Donald J. Puglisi | |
| Title: | Managing Director | |
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Exhibit 5.1
|
CONYERS DILL & PEARMAN LIMITED
Clarendon House, 2 Church Street Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda
Mail: PO Box HM 666, Hamilton HM CX, Bermuda T +1 441 295 1422
conyers.com |
July 2, 2026
Matter No.: 1018342
441 278 7842
elizabeth.denman@conyers.com
Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited
367 Syngrou Avenue
175 64 P. Faliro
Athens
Greece
Dear Sirs,
Re: Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (the “Company”)
We have acted as special Bermuda legal counsel to the Company in connection with a registration statement on form F-3 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on July 2, 2026 (the “Registration Statement”, which term does not include any other document or agreement whether or not specifically referred to therein or attached as an exhibit or schedule thereto) relating to the shelf registration under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) of any combination of (a) common shares, par value US$5.00 per share (the “Common Shares”), preferred shares, par value US$1.00 each (“Preference Shares” and, together with Common Shares, “Equity Securities”, which term includes any common shares or preference shares to be issued pursuant to the conversion, exchange or exercise of any other Securities), debt securities which may be convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other Securities (“Debt Securities”), warrants (“Warrants”), rights to purchase Equity Securities (“Rights”), depository shares (“Depository Shares”), purchase contracts (“Purchase Contracts”) and units consisting of any combination of the foregoing securities (“Units”) of the Company ( collectively “Original Issue Securities”); and (b) any Original Issue Securities, which have been actually issued and allotted from time to time, that may be sold by or on behalf of certain selling shareholders of the Company (the “Secondary Shares”) (collectively, the “Securities”).
| 1. | DOCUMENTS REVIEWED |
For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined a copy of the Registration Statement.
We have also reviewed:
| 1.1. | copies of the certificate of incorporation, memorandum of association and the bye-laws of the Company (together, the “Constitutional Documents”) each certified by the Secretary of the Company on July 1, 2026; |
| 1.2. | copies of the following documents certified by the Secretary of the Company on July 1, 2026 :(i) copies of extracts from minutes of the meetings of the Company’s directors held on 28 September 2005 relating to the offering of the Company’s Common Shares; (ii) an extract of the resolutions adopted by the Shareholders of the Company on 8 May 2013; (iii) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 12 June 2014 appointing the new pricing committee (“NPC”) with authority to issue and sell, amongst other things, preference shares and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to them; (iv) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 29 March 2017 authorizing the issuance of Series E Preferred Shares and including a Certificate of Designation of the terms of the Series E Preferred Shares; (v) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 28 July 2017 appointing the new pricing committee (“NPC II”) with authority to issue and sell, amongst other things, preference shares and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to them; (vi) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC II of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 21 June 2018 authorizing the issuance of Series F Preferred Shares and including a Certificate of Designation of the terms of the Series F Preferred Shares; (vii) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 30 July 2020 appointing the new pricing committee (“NPC III”) with authority to issue and sell, amongst other things, preference shares and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to them; (viii) extract from the minutes of the annual general meeting of the Company’s Shareholders held on 28 May 2020 relating to the consolidation of the Company’s common shares on a one-for-five basis; (ix) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC III of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 5 May 2021 authorizing at-the-market transactions; (x) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC III dated October 27, 2021 authorizing the Company to issues additional securities; (xi) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC III of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 21 July 2021 authorizing the increase of the designated number of Series F Preferred Shares; and (xii) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company appointing the new pricing committee (“NPC IV”) with authority to issue and sell, amongst other things, common shares and preference shares and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to them; (xiii) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors dated July 1, 2026 approving the form of and all matters related to the filing of the Registration Statement, including, but not limited to, the appointment of a new pricing committee with authority to issue and sell, amongst other things, the Securities and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to them (collectively, the “Resolutions”); |
conyers.com | 2
| 1.3. | a Certificate of Compliance under the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda (as amended) (the “Companies Act”) issued on July 1, 2026 by or on behalf of the Registrar of Companies in respect of the Company; |
| 1.4. | a copy of the consents to the issue and free transfer of the Securities given by the Bermuda Monetary Authority dated 9 May 2008 and 13 August 2019 in respect of the Company; and |
| 1.5. | such other documents and made such enquiries as to questions of law as we have deemed necessary in order to render the opinion set forth below. |
| 1.6. | For the purposes of our opinion paragraph 4 below, we have reviewed and relied upon the register of members of the Company dated July 1, 2026, prepared by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. the Company’s transfer agent and registrar. |
| 2. | ASSUMPTIONS |
We have assumed:
| 2.1. | the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures and the conformity to the originals of all copies (whether or not certified) examined by us and the accuracy, authenticity and completeness of the originals from which such copies were taken; |
| 2.2. | that where a document has been examined by us in draft form, it will be or has been executed and/or filed in the form of that draft, and where a number of drafts of a document have been examined by us all changes thereto have been marked or otherwise drawn to our attention; |
| 2.3. | the accuracy and completeness of all factual representations made in the Registration Statement and other documents reviewed by us; |
| 2.4. | that the Resolutions were passed at one or more duly convened, constituted and quorate meetings, or by unanimous written resolutions, remain in full force and effect and have not been, and will not be, rescinded or amended; |
| 2.5. | that the Company will issue the Securities in furtherance of its objects as set out in its memorandum of association; |
| 2.6. | that, in respect of any future issuances of Securities only, the Constitutional Documents will not be amended in any manner that would affect the opinions expressed herein; |
| 2.7. | that there is no provision of the law of any jurisdiction, other than Bermuda, which would have any implication in relation to the opinions expressed herein; |
| 2.8. | that the Company will have sufficient authorised capital to effect the issue of any of the Equity Securities at the time of issuance, whether as a principal issue or on the conversion, exchange or exercise of any Securities; |
| 2.9. | that the Company’s shares will be listed on an appointed stock exchange, as defined in the Companies Act 1981, as amended (the “Companies Act”), and the consent to the issue and free |
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| transfer of the Securities given by the Bermuda Monetary Authority as of 9 May 2008 and 13 August 2019, respectively will not have been revoked or amended at the time of issuance of any Securities; |
| 2.10. | that the form and terms of any and all Securities (including, without limitation, the designation, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of Preference Shares) or other securities (or other obligations, rights, currencies, commodities or other subject matter) comprising the same or subject thereto (in the case of the Warrants and Units), the issuance and sale thereof by the Company, and the Company’s incurrence and performance of its obligations thereunder or in respect thereof (including, without limitation, its obligations under any related agreement, indenture or supplement thereto) in accordance with the terms thereof will not violate the Constitutional Documents nor any applicable law, regulation, order or decree in Bermuda; |
| 2.11. | that all necessary corporate action will be taken to authorise and approve any issuance of Securities (including, if Preference Shares are to be issued, all necessary corporate action to establish one or more series of Preference Shares and fix the designation, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof), the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, and that the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement and, if Debt Securities are to be issued, the applicable indenture and any applicable supplements thereto, will be duly approved, executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company and all other parties thereto; |
| 2.12. | that the applicable purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, any Debt Security, any indenture and any supplement thereto and any other agreement or other document relating to any Security will be valid and binding in accordance with its terms pursuant to its governing law; |
| 2.13. | that the issuance and sale of and payment for the Securities will be in accordance with the applicable purchase, underwriting or similar agreement duly approved by the Board of Directors, the Registration Statement (including the prospectus set forth therein and any applicable supplement thereto) and, if Debt Securities are to be issued, the applicable indenture and any applicable supplements thereto; |
| 2.14. | that, upon the issue of any Equity Securities, the Company will receive consideration for the full issue price thereof which shall be equal to at least the par value thereof; |
| 2.15. | the capacity, power and authority of all parties other than the Company to enter into and perform their obligations under any and all documents entered into by such parties in connection with the issuance of the Securities, and the due execution and delivery thereof by each party thereto; and |
| 2.16. | that none of the parties to such documents other than the Company carries on business from premises in Bermuda at which it employs staff and pays salaries and other expenses. |
| 3. | QUALIFICATIONS |
| 3.1. | The obligations of the Company in connection with any Security and any indenture or other agreement or document relating thereto: |
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| (a) | will be subject to the laws from time to time in effect relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, possessory liens, rights of set off, reorganisation, amalgamation, merger, moratorium, bribery, corruption, money laundering, terrorist financing, proliferation financing or any other laws or legal procedures, whether of a similar nature or otherwise, generally affecting the rights of creditors as well as applicable international sanctions; |
| (b) | will be subject to statutory limitation of the time within which proceedings may be brought; |
| (c) | will be subject to general principles of equity and, as such, specific performance and injunctive relief, being equitable remedies, may not be available; |
| (d) | may not be given effect to by a Bermuda court if and to the extent they constitute the payment of an amount which is in the nature of a penalty; and |
| (e) | may not be given effect by a Bermuda court to the extent that they are to be performed in a jurisdiction outside Bermuda and such performance would be illegal under the laws of that jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any contractual submission to the jurisdiction of specific courts, a Bermuda court has inherent discretion to stay or allow proceedings in the Bermuda courts. |
| 3.2. | “Non-assessability” is not a legal concept under Bermuda law, but when we describe the Common Shares and/or Preference Shares herein as being “non-assessable” we mean, subject to any contrary provision in any agreement between the Company and any one of its members holding any of the Common Shares and Preference Shares (but only with respect to such member), that no further sums are payable with respect to the issue of such shares and no member shall be bound by an alteration in the Constitutional Documents after the date upon which it became a member if and so far as the alteration requires such member to take or subscribe for additional Common Shares or Preference Shares or in any way increases its liability to contribute to the share capital of, or otherwise pay money to, the Company. |
| 3.3. | We have made no investigation of and express no opinion in relation to the laws of any jurisdiction other than Bermuda. This opinion is to be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Bermuda and is limited to and is given on the basis of the current law and practice in Bermuda. This opinion is issued solely for the purposes of the filing of the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Securities by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon in respect of any other matter. |
| 4. | OPINIONS |
On the basis of and subject to the foregoing we are of the opinion that:
| 4.1. | The Company is duly incorporated and existing under the laws of Bermuda in good standing (meaning solely that it has not failed to make any filing with any Bermuda governmental authority under the Companies Act 1981, or to pay any Bermuda government fee or tax, which would make it liable to be struck off the Register of Companies and thereby cease to exist under the laws of Bermuda). |
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| 4.2. | Upon the due issuance of Common Shares and/or Preference Shares and payment of the consideration therefor, such Common Shares and/or Preference Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
| 4.3. | Upon the due issuance of (a) Debt Securities of any series; (b) Warrants; (c) Rights; (d) Depository Shares; (e) Purchase Contracts; and/or (f) Units, and payment of the consideration therefor (as may be required), such Securities will be validly issued and (except in the case of any Equity Securities forming part of a Unit) will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with the terms thereof. |
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are experts within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act or that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
| Yours faithfully, |
| /s/ Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited |
| Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited |
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Exhibit 5.2
|
Goodwin Procter LLP The New York Times Building 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018
goodwinlaw.com +1 212 813 8800 |
July 2, 2026
Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited
367 Syngrou Avenue
175 64 P. Faliro
Athens, Greece
Re: Securities Being Registered under Registration Statement on Form F-3
We have acted as U.S. counsel to you in connection with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form F-3ASR (as amended or supplemented, the “Registration Statement”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the offering by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, a Bermuda company (the “Company”), of an indeterminate amount of any combination of (i) debt securities of the Company (“Debt Securities”), (ii) rights to purchase the Company’s equity securities (“Rights”), (iii) purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of any of the Company’s debt or equity securities issued by the Company (“Purchase Contracts”), (iv) common shares, par value $5.00 per share (the “Common Shares”), of the Company, (v) preferred shares, par value $1.00 per share (the “Preferred Shares”) of the Company, (vi) warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities or Units (as defined below) (“Warrants”), (vii) units consisting of Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants, Rights, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares (as defined below), or any combination thereof (“Units”), and (viii) receipts for depositary shares that each represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of Preferred Shares (“Depositary Shares”). The Debt Securities, Warrants, Purchase Contracts and Units are sometimes referred to collectively herein as the “Securities.” Securities may be issued in an unspecified number (with respect to Warrants, Purchase Contracts and Units) or in an unspecified principal amount (with respect to Debt Securities). The Registration Statement provides that the Securities, the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares may be offered separately or together, in separate series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements (each a “Prospectus Supplement”) to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement.
We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinion set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.
The opinions set forth below are limited to the law of New York.
For purposes of the opinions set forth below, without limiting any other exceptions or qualifications set forth herein, we have assumed that (i) each of the Debt Securities and the indentures, warrant agreements, purchase contract agreements, unit agreements and other agreements governing Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement will be governed by the internal law of New York and (ii) after the issuance of any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the total number of issued shares of Common Shares or Preferred Shares, as applicable, together with the total number of shares of such shares issuable upon the exercise, exchange, conversion or settlement, as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security (including without limitation any convertible or exchangeable Debt Securities, or Warrants), as the case may be, then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Common Shares or Preferred Shares, as applicable, then available for issuance under the Company’s memorandum of association as then in effect.
For purposes of the opinions set forth below, we refer to the following as the “Future Approval and Issuance” of Securities:
| • | with respect to any of the Securities, (a) the approval by the Company of the amount, terms and issuance of such Securities (the “Approval”) and (b) the issuance of such Securities in accordance with the Approval upon the receipt by the Company of the consideration to be paid in accordance with the Approval; |
| • | with respect to Debt Securities, (a) the approval, execution and delivery of the indenture or a supplemental indenture relating to such Securities by the Company and the trustee thereunder and/or (b) the establishment of the terms of such Securities by the Company in conformity with the applicable indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable law, and (c) the execution, authentication and issuance of such Securities in accordance with the applicable indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable law; and |
| • | with respect to Warrants, Units or Purchase Contracts, (a) the approval, execution and delivery by the Company and any other parties thereto of any agreement under which such Securities are to be issued, and (b) the establishment of the terms of such Securities and the issuance of such Securities in conformity with those terms, the terms of any applicable agreement and applicable law. |
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the additional qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that:
| 1. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of Debt Securities, such Debt Securities will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. |
| 2. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of Warrants, such Warrants will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. |
| 3. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of Purchase Contracts, such Purchase Contracts will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. |
| 4. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of Units, such Units will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. |
The opinions expressed above are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and to general principles of equity.
This opinion letter and the opinions it contains shall be interpreted in accordance with the Core Opinion Principles as published in 74 Business Lawyer 815 (Summer 2019).
We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Goodwin Procter LLP |
| GOODWIN PROCTER LLP |
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement (Form F-3) and related Prospectus of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the registration of debt securities, warrants, rights, depositary shares, purchase contracts, units, common shares and preferred shares and to the incorporation by reference therein of our reports dated April 6, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and subsidiaries, included in its Annual Report (Form 20-F) for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
/s/ Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A.
Athens, Greece
July 2, 2026